MediaWiki:Sitenotice

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    <title>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:34:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umarxon III</username>
        <id>18267</id>
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      <comment>Viki-bahor</comment>
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      <text bytes="1136" sha1="tlusq8bj0xr9cstwgcigpagu08j7oiu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #bbb; background-color:white; color:#000; padding:0.1em 0.6em; font-size:95%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;max-width:1280px&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- 1 --&gt;

&lt;!-- 2 --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:12px; margin:6px 0; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;nomobile&quot;&gt;
[[Fayl:CEE_Spring_Logo_transparent.svg|50px|link=Vikipediya:Viki-bahor/2026]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color:grey; font-family: Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;1-martdan 31-maygacha&lt;/b&gt; oʻtkaziladigan „[[Vikipediya:Viki-bahor/2026|Viki-bahor]]“ tanlovida ishtirok eting!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- 3 --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:12px; margin:6px 0; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;nomobile&quot;&gt;
[[Fayl:Flag and Emblem of Turkmenistan.png|50px|link=Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color:grey; font-family: Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:12pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;1-apreldan 30-aprelgacha&lt;/b&gt; oʻtkaziladigan „[[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|Turkmaniston oyligi]]“da ishtirok eting!
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Yangiliklar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988663</id>
      <parentid>5979182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:26:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umarxon III</username>
        <id>18267</id>
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      <comment>+</comment>
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      <text bytes="3873" sha1="t64uwbajfkbj5ceakwmghxbf2ie0w75" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- YANGI XABARLARNI SHU YERDAN BOSHLAB YOZING. YANGIROQ XABAR YUQORIROQDA JOYLASHTIRILADI --&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; text-align:center; border-style: solid; background:#fffff; border:1px&quot;&gt;{{flatlist|
* '''[[AQSh va Isroilning Eronga qarshi urushi]]'''
* '''[[Rossiyaning Ukrainaga bosqini (2022)|Rossiyaning Ukrainaga bosqini]]'''
* '''[[Sudan mojarosi (2023)|Sudan mojarosi]]'''
&lt;!--* '''[[2026-yilgi Qishki Olimpiada oʻyinlari|XXV Qishki Olimpiada oʻyinlari]]'''--&gt;
&lt;!--* '''[[Farovonlik qoʻriqchisi operatsiyasi|„Farovonlik qoʻriqchisi“ operatsiyasi]]''' --&gt;
&lt;!-- * '''[[Jahondagi anomal issiqlik (2023)|Jahondagi anomal issiqlik]]'''--&gt;
&lt;!-- * '''[[Janubiy nayza operatsiyasi|„Janubiy nayza“ operatsiyasi]]'''--&gt;
}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{Bosh sahifa tasviri/Y
| tasvir          =2026 Winter Paralympics logo.svg
| eni             = 120px
| izoh            = 25-Qishki Paralimpiada oʻyinlari
| havola          = 
| chegara         = no
| izoh joylashuvi = center
}}
* [[Italiya]]ning [[Milan]] va [[Kortina-dʼampetsso]] shaharlarida oʻtgan '''[[2026-yilgi Qishki Paralimpiada oʻyinlari|25-Qishki Paralimpiya oʻyinlari]]''' ''(suratda)'' yakunlandi.
* „One Battle After Another“ filmi oltita yoʻnalish boʻyicha '''[[Oscar 2026|2026-yilgi Oscar kinomukofoti]]''' sohibi boʻldi.
* [[Fargʻona]]ning „[[Neftchi (futbol klubi)|Neftchi]]“ futbol klubi oʻz tarixida birinchi marta [[Oʻzbekiston Superkubogi]] '''[[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superkubogi|sohibi boʻldi]]'''.
* [[Mujtabo Xomanaiy]] '''[[Eron Oliy Rahbari]]''' etib tayinlandi.
* [[AQSh]] va [[Isroil]] [[Eron]]ga '''[[AQSh va Isroilning Eronga zarbalari (2026)|havodan zarbalar berdi]]''', [[Eron Oliy Rahbari|mamlakat oliy rahbari]] [[Ali Xomanaiy]] oʻldirildi.
&lt;!--eskilari
* AQSh adliya vazirligi '''[[Epstein fayllari]]dan''' uch milliondan ortiq hujjatlarni oshkor qildi.
* '''[[Gulshan Alimardonova]]''' [[Karate bo‘yicha 2025-yilgi jahon chempionati|karate boʻyicha jahon chempionligini]] qoʻlga kiritgan ilk oʻzbekistonlik sportchiga aylandi.
* '''[[Javohir Sindarov]]''' [[Shaxmat boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Jahon kubogi]] sohibi boʻldi.
* '''[[Falastin davlati|Falastin]]''' [[Buyuk Britaniya]] va [[Fransiya]] tomonidan mustaqil davlat sifatida tan olindi.
* '''[[Usmon Dembele]]''' [[France Football jurnali|France Football]] jurnali tomonidan „[[2025-yilgi Oltin toʻp|Oltin toʻp]]“ mukofoti bilan taqdirlandi.
--&gt;
&lt;!-- Pastki qism --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;itn-footer&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;'''[[:Turkum:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-yilda vafot etganlar|Yaqinda vafot etganlar]]''': {{Flatlist|class=inline}}
* [[Xushnudbek Avilov]]
* [[Qamchibek Kenja]]
* [[Vyacheslav Golishev]]
* [[Mirakbar Rahmonqulov]]
* [[Qallibek Kamolov]]
* [[Valentino Garavani]]
&lt;!--eskilari
* [[Muhsin Muhammadiyev]]
* [[Brigitte Bardot]]
* [[Abduraim Homidov]]
* [[Abdulla Ubaydullayev]]
* [[Frank Gehry]]
* [[Azmiddin Sadriddinov]]
* [[Dxarmendra]]
* [[Mirabbos Mirzaahmedov]]
* [[Nasimxon Rahmonov]]
* [[Toʻlagan Isoqov]]
* [[James Watson]]
* [[Baxtiyor Mansurov]]
* [[Dick Cheney]]
* [[Martha Layne Collins]]
* [[Yoqub Ahmedov]]
* [[Chen-Ning Yang|Yang Chen-Ning]]
* [[Tomiichi Murayama]]
* [[Samantha Eggar]]
* [[Flavius Domide]]
* [[Diane Keaton]]
* [[Rustam Ahmedov (harbiy)|Rustam Ahmedov]]
* [[Jeyn Morris Goodall|Jane Goodall]]
* [[Shoberdi baxshi]]
* [[Dilmurod Islomov]]
* [[Sultonali Rahmatov]]
* [[Solijon Abdurahmonov]]
* [[Gulnora Mavayeva]]
* [[Ozzy Osbourne]]
* [[Eduard Xachaturov]]
* [[Zafar Hakimov (olim)|Zafar Hakimov]]
* [[José Mujica]]--&gt;
{{endflatlist}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{flatlist|style=text-align:right;font-weight:bold;font-size:x-small;|1=
* [[Andoza:Yangiliklar|Oʻzgartirish]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Turkum:Bosh Sahifa andozalari]]{{hujjat}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vikipediya:Tahrirlar soniga koʻra vikipediyachilar roʻyxati</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:02:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jembot</username>
        <id>17813</id>
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      <comment>Bot: Maʼlumotlar yangilandi</comment>
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      <text bytes="14477" sha1="cc19eecloqx2kg6zaizvu2o1vhefip2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayl:Countries by GDP (Nominal) in 2014.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|Jon boshiga [[AQSh dollari]]da hisoblagan YIM; ''[[Jahon Banki]]'', 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf|title=GDP (Official Exchange Rate)|publisher=[[Jahon Banki]]|accessdate=24-avgust 2015-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;]] 

'''Yalpi ichki mahsulot''' — umumiy qabul qilinish qisqartirilishi hamda makroiqtisodiy koʻrsatkich, bu bevosita har bir yilning oxirgi tovar va xizmatlar aks ettiruvchi [[bozor]] qiymati (yaʼni, bevosita isteʼmol uchun moʻljallangan). Shuningdek, YIM [[davlat]]lar [[iqtisodiyot]] hududining hamma sohalarida isteʼmol qilish uchun yil davomida ishlab chiqarilgan hisoboti, milliy jihozlar ishlab chiqarish omillari ishlatilgan qatʼiy eksportning jamgʻarmalari hisoblanadi. Birinchi marta [[1934-yil]]da Saymon Kuznets tomonidan bu tushuncha ilk bor taklif etilgan edi. YIM mavjud va belgilangan davlatlar ishlab chiqarishning izchilligini yillik hisobot sifatida dunyo [[Iqtisod|iqtisodchi]]lari qismlarga boʻlishadi. YIM ushbu yildagi narxlarning oʻsishini joriy narxlarga (nisbat berilmasdan) asoslanib dunyo bozorlarida belgilaydi. YIM (inqirozni toʻgʻri baholashligi bilan) narxlardagi oʻsish hususiyatini oldingisi yoki har qanday boshqasini yillik zahira taqsimotiga muhrlaydi. Har doim YIMga amaldagi mavjud mahsulotlar hisobga olinadi va qanday darajada mamlakatlarda ishlab chiqarishning oʻsishi mavjudligi bilan narxlarni YIM darajasi yordamida aniqlanadi. YIM yonida iqtisodiyot oʻz imkoniyatlarini toʻlaqonli sotilgan ishchi kuchini band etish barobarida qaytaradi. YIM imkoniyati — bu YIM bilan toʻlaqonli bandlik va iqtisodiyot imkoniyatini boshqa sohalardagi tadqiqotlar bilan oʻzaro va bevosita bogʻliqlik ahamiyatini oshiradi.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.warandpeace.ru/ru/news/view/50464/ Успех устойчивого развития не всегда зависит от ВВП&lt;/ref&gt; YIM mamlakatlar orasida zarurat chogʻida [[birja]] nuqtalarida har qanday milliy valyutada kursga hisoblanishi yoki horijiy valyutalar yordamida qiymatlashtiriladi. Bularni shunday qiymatlarga baholash uchun jahon bozorida Paritet Haridorlik qobiliyati (PHQ) (xalqaro qiyoslashni aniqligi yoki ortiqligini bilish uchun)taqdim etilgan. Bugun &quot;Bozor qiymati&quot; deb nomlanuvchi maʼlum miqdorda hisoblash yoki barqaror kattalikdagi mahsulotlar erkin jahon bozorida amal qila oladi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2004.html#rs Country Comparison to the World: GDP - per capita (PPP)] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625151025/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2004.html#rs |date=2014-06-25 }} CIA Factbook&lt;/ref&gt;

Yalpi ichki mahsulot mamlakat iqtisodiy faoliyatining muayyan davr (oy, chorak, yil) davomidagi umumiy natijalarini tavsiflaydigan koʻrsatkich ham hisoblanadi. Mamlakat hududida joylashgan barcha korxonalar (chet el va qoʻshma korxonalari ham shu hisobga kiradi) tomonidan jami ishlab chiqarish omillari bilan ishlab chiqarilgan tovarlar va xizmatlarning bozor qiymatlaridagi ifodasi boʻlib, uning miqdori milliy hisoblar tizimi asosida hisoblab chiqiladi. Mamlakat iqtisodiyotining rivojlanishini makrodarajada tavsiflash va tahlil etishda foydalaniladi. 

[[Oʻzbekiston]]ning yalpi ichki mahsuloti [[Xalqaro valyuta fondi]]ning 2021-yildagi maʼlumotlariga koʻra, 318.5 trilion so'mni tashkil etadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF&quot;&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=55&amp;pr.y=16&amp;sy=2018&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=927&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= Uzbekistan] International Monetary Fund&lt;/ref&gt; Milliy statistikada asosiy makroiqtisodiy koʻrsatkich sifatida YIM yoki yalpi milliy mahsulot (YMM), hatto yalpi milliy daromad (YMD) ham qabul qilinishi mumkin. Masalan, [[AQSH]] va [[Yaponiya]]da YIM emas, balki YMM asosiy makroiqtisodiy koʻrsatkich hisoblanadi. Ammo [[BMT]]ning milliy hisoblar tizimida YIM birlamchi iqtisodiy koʻrsatkich boʻlib xizmat qiladi. Miqdor jihatdan bu koʻrsatkichlar oʻrtasidagi tafovut unchalik katta emas: rivojlangan mamlakatlarda bu tafovut bir foizdan oshmaydi. Chet ellarda ishlovchi fuqarolardan tushadigan daromadlar salmoqli boʻlgan mamlakatlarda bu tafovut kattaroq boʻlishi mumkin.

== Tarixi ==
Ser [[William Petty]] yalpi ichki mahsulot tushunchasini soliq yukini hisoblash va 1652-1674-yillar oralig‘idagi Gollandiya va Angliya o‘rtasidagi urush paytida yer egalari adolatsiz soliqqa tortilganligini isbotlash uchun ishlab chiqdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 December 2013 |title=Petty impressive |url=https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21591842-meet-sir-william-petty-man-who-invented-economics-petty-impressive |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=1 August 2015 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509025748/https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21591842-meet-sir-william-petty-man-who-invented-economics-petty-impressive |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Charles Davenant 1695-yilda usulni yanada rivojlantirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coyle |first=Diane |date=6 April 2014 |title=Warfare and the Invention of GDP |url=http://www.theglobalist.com/warfare-and-the-invention-of-gdp/ |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=The Globalist |archive-date=1 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001051320/http://www.theglobalist.com/warfare-and-the-invention-of-gdp/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Yalpi ichki mahsulotning zamonaviy tushunchasi birinchi marta [[Simon Kuznets]] tomonidan 1934-yilgi [[AQSh Kongressi]] hisoboti uchun ishlab chiqilgan bo‘lib, u yerda uni farovonlik o‘lchovi sifatida ishlatishdan ogohlantirgan (quyidagi ''[[#Limitations and criticisms|cheklovlar va tanqidlar]]'' bo‘limiga qarang)&lt;ref name=&quot;kuznets&quot;&gt;Kongress Kuznetsga mamlakat mahsuldorligini o‘lchash tizimini yaratishni topshirgan edi, bu esa [[Buyuk depressiya]]ni qanday engish kerakligini yaxshiroq tushunish uchun edi. Simon Kuznets, 1934. &quot;National Income, 1929–1932&quot;. 73rd U.S. Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124, page 5–7 Simon Kuznets, 1934. &quot;National Income, 1929–1932&quot;. 73rd U.S. Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124, page 5–7
Simon Kuznets, 1934. &quot;National Income, 1929–1932&quot;. 73rd U.S. Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124, page 5–7. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/971 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914060700/https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/971 |date=2018-09-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1944-yilgi Bretton-Vuds konferensiyasidan so‘ng yalpi ichki mahsulot mamlakat iqtisodiyotini o‘lchashning asosiy vositasiga aylandi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dickinson |first=Elizabeth |title=GDP: a brief history |newspaper=Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/02/gdp_a_brief_history |access-date=25 April 2012 |publisher=ForeignPolicy.com |archive-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828030822/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/02/gdp_a_brief_history |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;. O‘sha paytda [[yalpi milliy mahsulot]] (YMM) afzal ko‘rilgan baho edi, u yalpi ichki mahsulotdan farqli o‘laroq, mamlakatning &quot;rezident institutsional birliklari&quot; (yuqoridagi [[Iqtisodiy hamkorlik va taraqqiyot tashkiloti|OECD]] ta’rifiga qarang) emas, balki mamlakat fuqarolarining uyda va chet eldagi ishlab chiqarishini o‘lchardi. Qo‘shma Shtatlarda yalpi milliy mahsulotdan yalpi ichki mahsulotga o‘tish 1991-yilda sodir bo‘ldi. Yalpi ichki mahsulot o‘lchovlarining Ikkinchi jahon urushida o‘ynagan roli yalpi ichki mahsulot qiymatlarining milliy rivojlanish va taraqqiyot ko‘rsatkichlari sifatida keyingi siyosiy qabul qilinishi uchun hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lepenies |first=Philipp |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-power-of-a-single-number/9780231175104 |title=The Power of a Single Number: A Political History of GDP |date=April 2016 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-54143-5 |access-date=2017-10-09 |archive-date=2017-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020065052/https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-power-of-a-single-number/9780231175104 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu yerda Milton Gilbert qo‘l ostidagi AQSh Savdo vazirligi hal qiluvchi rol o‘ynadi, unda Kuznetsning g‘oyalari [[institut]]larga joylashtirilgan edi.

Yalpi ichki mahsulot tushunchasining tarixini uni baholashning ko‘plab usullaridagi o‘zgarishlar tarixidan farqlash kerak. Firmalar tomonidan qo‘shilgan qiymatni ularning hisoblaridan hisoblash nisbatan oson, ammo davlat sektori, moliya sanoatlari va [[nomoddiy aktiv]]lar yaratilishi tomonidan qo‘shilgan qiymatni hisoblash murakkabroqdir. Ushbu faoliyatlar rivojlangan iqtisodiyotlarda tobora muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda va ularni baholash hamda yalpi ichki mahsulotga kiritish yoki chiqarib tashlashni tartibga soluvchi xalqaro konvensiyalar sanoat taraqqiyotiga moslashish maqsadida muntazam ravishda o‘zgarib turadi. Bir akademik iqtisodchining so‘zlariga ko‘ra, &quot;Yalpi ichki mahsulotning haqiqiy soni, shuning uchun, keng qamrovli statistik ma’lumotlar to‘plami va xom ma’lumotlarni kontseptual asosga moslashtirish uchun ular ustida amalga oshiriladigan murakkab jarayonlar to‘plamining mahsulidi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Coyle |first=Diane |title=GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-691-15679-8 |pages=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Xitoy]] 1993-yilda yalpi ichki mahsulotni iqtisodiy ko‘rsatkich sifatida rasman qabul qildi. Ilgari Xitoy marksistik ilhomlantirilgan milliy hisob tizimiga tayangan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Heijster|first1=Joan van|last2=DeRock|first2=Daniel|date=29 October 2020|title=How GDP spread to China: the experimental diffusion of macroeconomic measurement|journal=Review of International Political Economy|volume=29|pages=65–87|doi=10.1080/09692290.2020.1835690|issn=0969-2290|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Yalpi milliy mahsulot]]
* [[Yalpi ichki mahsulot kishi boshiga (nominal)]]
* [[Yalpi ichki mahsulot oʻsishi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Qoʻshimcha maʼlumot ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Kitob manbasi
 |last= Coyle  |first= Diane  |authorlink= Diane Coyle  |year= 2014
 |title= GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History
 |url= https://archive.org/details/gdpbriefbutaffec0000coyl  |location= Princeton, NJ  |publisher= [[Princeton University Press]]
 |isbn= 978-0-691-15679-8  |ref= harv }}
* Australian Bureau for Statistics, [http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3F880EE1D366198CCA2569A400061616?opendocument ''Australian National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods''], 2000. Retrieved November 2009. In depth explanations of how GDP and other national accounts items are determined.
* United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, {{Veb manbasi |url= https://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/NIPAhandbookch1-4.pdf |title= ''Concepts and Methods of the United States National Income and Product Accounts'' |access-date= 2018-03-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171108104038/https://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/NIPAhandbookch1-4.pdf |archive-date= 2017-11-08 |url-status= dead |df=  }}{{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108104038/https://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/NIPAhandbookch1-4.pdf |date=2017-11-08 }}. Retrieved November 2009. In depth explanations of how GDP and other national accounts items are determined.
{{Refend}}
== Havolalar ==
{{commons turkum|Gross domestic product}}

===Global===
* [http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/66f306f503e529a5ca25697e0017661f/3f880ee1d366198cca2569a400061616!OpenDocument Australian Bureau of Statistics Manual on GDP measurement]
* [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/pgreenfinch/eoblpib.htm GDP-indexed bonds]
* [http://data.oecd.org/gdp/gross-domestic-product-gdp.htm OECD GDP chart]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090918013624/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/databases.htm UN Statistical Databases]
* [http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx World Development Indicators (WDI)] at Worldbank.org
* [http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=wb-wdi&amp;met=ny_gdp_mktp_cd&amp;idim=country:USA:CHN:FRA:DEU:JPN:GBR World GDP Chart (since 1960)]
* [http://www.gnhusa.org Gross National Happiness USA] United States-based non-profit working to increase collective well-being by changing how we measure progress and success.
* [https://fullform2u.blogspot.com/2019/12/full-form-of-gdp.html] Full form of GDP

===Data===
* [https://www.bea.gov/national/index.htm#gdp Bureau of Economic Analysis: Official United States GDP data]
* [http://www.historicalstatistics.org/ Historicalstatistics.org: Links to historical statistics on GDP for countries and regions], maintained by the Department of Economic History at [[Stockholm University]].
* [[Quandl]] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084241/https://www.quandl.com/c/economics/gdp-by-country GDP by country] - downloadable in CSV, Excel, JSON or XML
* [http://www.measuringworth.org/usgdp/ Historical US GDP (yearly data)], 1790–present, maintained by Samuel H. Williamson and Lawrence H. Officer, both professors of economics at the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]].
* [http://finance-data.com/series/GDP Historical US GDP (quarterly data)] {{Webarxiv|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517220715/http%3A//finance%2Ddata.com/series/GDP |date=2016-05-17 }}, 1947–present
* [http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=a7jenngfc4um7_&amp;ctype=l&amp;strail=false&amp;nselm=h&amp;met_y=gross_domestic_product&amp;dl=en Google – public data]{{Deadlink|date=October 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: GDP and Personal Income of the U.S. (annual): Nominal Gross Domestic Product
* [http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/home.htm The Maddison Project] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429003257/http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/home.htm |date=2013-04-29 }} of the  Groningen Growth and Development Centre at the [[University of Groningen]], the Netherlands.  This project continues and extends the work of [[Angus Maddison]] in collating all the available, credible data estimating GDP for countries around the world.  This includes data for some countries for over 2,000 years back to 1 CE and for essentially all countries since 1950.


{{Economy-stub}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
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Bu sahifada [[Vikipediya]]ning har bir til boʻlimida boʻlishi zarur maqolalar koʻrsatilgan. Oʻzbek Vikipediyasi ham bundan istisno boʻlmay, bu maqolalarni oʻz ichiga olishi shart.

Boshqa tildagi Vikipediyalar uchun ham shunday muhim maqolalar roʻyxati tuzilgan, [[:meta:List of Wikipedias by sample of articles|bu yerda]] Vikipediyalar reytingini koʻrish mumkin.

== Muhim maqolalar ==
Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyada [[Maxsus:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ta maqola mavjud boʻlib, shundan 50 000 tasi (taxminan 16.8 %) loyiha uchun muhim maqolalar sifatida tanlab olingan (''loyiha ustida ishlanmoqda''). Ular besh bosqichga ajratilgan: 1-bosqich eng muhim oʻnta maqolani oʻz ichiga oladi, 2-bosqich eng muhim yuzta maqolani qamrab oladi (va tabiiy ravishda 1-bosqichdagi maqolalarni ham oʻz ichiga oladi), hamda har bir keyingi bosqich avvalgi bosqichdagi tanlovdan koʻra kengayib boradi, quyidagicha:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;
|+
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;br&gt;Bosqich
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | Muhim maqolalarning&lt;br&gt;maqsadli soni
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Hozirgi holat (2026-yil 10-aprel)
|-
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; | Hozirgi&lt;br&gt;soni
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; |{{icon|B}} va undan yuqori darajali (%)
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; | {{icon|FA}} Tanlangan, {{icon|GA}} Yaxshi yoki [[Fayl:Crystal Clear action bookmark Silver approved.svg|15px]] Xushsifat darajali (%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/1|1]]
| 10
| 10
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 2 (20%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/2|2]]
| 100
| 100
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 2 (2%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/3|3]]
| 1,000
| 1,000
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 7 (0.7 %)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/4|4]]
| 10,000
| —
| ''darajalanmagan''
| —
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/5|5]]
| 50,000
| —
| ''darajalanmagan''
| —
|}

== Muhim maqolalardan maqsad ==
[[vp:Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati|Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati]] roʻyxatidan farqli ravishda, muhim maqolalar roʻyxati aynan oʻzbekcha Vikipediya uchun moslashtirilgan va maxsus loyiha tomonidan muntazam ravishda yuritiladi. Beshta oʻzaro bogʻliq muhimlik darajasi Vikipediyani umumiy rivojlantirish uchun quyidagi vazifalarni bajaradi:

* Oʻzbekcha Vikipediya maqolalarini yaxshilash '''ustuvorliklarini belgilashga''' yoʻnaltiradi (masalan, qaysi maqolalarni [[Vikipediya:Tanlangan maqolalar|Tanlangan]] yoki [[Vikipediya:Yaxshi maqolalar|Yaxshi]] darajasiga olib chiqish kerakligini aniqlash).
* Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyaning '''umumiy sifatini''' baholash imkonini beradi (masalan, eng muhim maqolalarning qanchasi sifati oshganini aniqlash).
* Eng muhim maqolalar uchun '''markazlashgan kuzatuv roʻyxati''' vazifasini bajaradi.

== Muhim maqolalar qanday tanlanadi? ==
Maqolaning muhimligini aniqlashda quyidagi asosiy mezonlar qoʻllaniladi:

1. '''Qamrov''':
Yuqori darajadagi muhim maqolalar kengroq mavzularni qamrab oladi. Aytaylik, [[Fan]] yuqori darajada umumiy tushuncha boʻlsa, [[Ilmiy metod]] undan torroq mavzuni qamrab oladi va quyi darajada turadi. Quyi darajadagi muhim maqolalarni aniqlashda yuqori darajadagilar asos oʻlaroq xizmat qiladi.

2. '''Vikipediyaning boshqa maqolalari uchun muhimlik''':
Mavzu Vikipediyadagi boshqa koʻplab maqolalarni tushuntirishda muhim rol oʻynasa, muhimdir. Masalan, „ilmiy metod“ fan bilan bogʻliq juda koʻp maqolalarning asosi boʻlgani uchun muhim.

3. '''Taniqlilik va taʼsir''':
Ayniqsa shaxslar uchun: ular oʻz sohasining eng yuqori darajadagi vakillari boʻlishi va insoniyat tarixiga sezilarli taʼsir koʻrsatgan boʻlishi kerak. Masalan:

* [[Albert Einstein]] — ilm-fan
* [[William Shakespeare]] — adabiyot
* [[Chingizxon]] — siyosat/tarix

4. '''Ogʻishmaslik''':
Roʻyxat global boʻlishi kerak. Yaʼni faqat Gʻarb mamlakatlariga emas, balki butun dunyoga tegishli muhim mavzularni qamrab olishi lozim. Masalan, yirik shaharlar tanlashda [[Xitoy]] yoki [[Hindiston]] kabi davlatlarga ham yetarli eʼtibor beriladi.

5. '''Sahifa statistikasi''':
Koʻrishlar soni, boshqa tillardagi mavjudligi, muharrirlar soni kabi koʻrsatkichlar ham inobatga olinadi. Ammo bu mezon ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlatiladi, chunki u vaqtinchalik trendlar yoki tarafkashlik taʼsirida boʻlishi mumkin.
== Maqsadlar va kvotalar ==
{{shortcut|VP:MUHIMKVOTA|VP:MUHIMMAQSAD|VP:MMKVOTA|VP:MMMAQSAD}}
Muhim maqolalar roʻyxatining har bir bosqichsi maʼlum miqdordagi maqolalarni koʻzda tutuvchi maqsad (yaʼni kvota)ga ega. Bunda nafaqat muhimlikni belgilanadi, balki tanlash jarayonini ham tartibga solinadi.

=== 1–3-bosqichlar uchun maqsadlar ===
1 va 2-bosqichlarda roʻyxatlar juda barqaror va kichik boʻlib, umumiy bosqich uchun qatʼiy maqsad mavjud. Roʻyxat hajmi deyarli hech qachon oʻzgarmaydi va odatda yangi takliflar bir maqolani boshqasiga almashtirishdan iborat boʻladi. Shu bilan birga, roʻyxat kichik boʻlgani uchun maqolalarni alohida-alohida solishtirish mumkin, yaʼni ayrim toifalar boʻyicha maqolalar soni barqaror boʻlsa-da, u asosan hisobot uchun xizmat qiladi.

3-bosqichda ham asosan shu tamoyil amal qiladi, faqat roʻyxat biroz moslashuvchanroq. Shu sababli umumiy miqdor belgilangan maqsad atrofida bir necha maqolaga oʻzgarishi mumkin. Almashtirish tavsiya etiladi, lekin 3-bosqich uchun majburiy emas.

=== 4–5-bosqichlar uchun kvotalar ===
4-bosqichdan boshlab muhim maqolalar roʻyxati toifalar boʻyicha bir nechta sahifalarga boʻlinadi. 4 va 5-bosqichlarning katta hajmi sababli turli sohalar oʻrtasida toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri solishtirish amalda imkonsiz. Shu bois umumiy bosqich maqsadi koʻproq maʼlumot sifatida qoladi, toifalar boʻyicha maqolalar soni esa muhimroq ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Bu toifa boʻyicha sonlar kvota sifatida ishlaydi va roʻyxat hajmida maʼlum bosqichda farq boʻlishi mumkin. Masalan, 5-bosqichda toifa maqolalar soni belgilangan maqsadning 98% dan 102% gacha boʻlsa, „kvotaga yaqin“ deb hisoblanadi. Bu moslashuvchanlik takliflarni alohida qoʻshish yoki olib tashlash tarzida berishga imkon beradi, hatto aslida almashtirish koʻzda tutilgan boʻlsa ham — bu bahsli yoki qisman ovozlarni kamaytiradi.

Biroq bu moslashuvchanlik yashirin kvota sifatida qaralmasligi kerak; u faqat yuqori bosqichlarda oʻzgarishlarni osonlashtirish uchun berilgan. Agar biror toifa kvotadan sezilarli oshib ketsa, yangi takliflarda asosan olib tashlashga eʼtibor qaratish yoki qoʻshish bilan birga bir nechta olib tashlashni ham taklif qilish lozim.

=== Kvotani oʻzgartirish ===
Toifalar kvotasi alohida kvota takliflari orqali oʻzgartiriladi. Taklif beruvchilar turli sabablarga koʻra toifalar oʻrtasida oʻrinlarni qayta taqsimlashi mumkin, ammo muhim qoida shuki: kvota takliflari maqola takliflaridan alohida koʻrib chiqilishi kerak. Agar kimdir biror toifada maqolalar sonini oshirish yoki kamaytirish kerak deb hisoblasa, avval maqolalar boʻyicha oʻzgarishlarni taklif etib, keyin yangi hajmni kvota taklifi bilan tasdiqlashi tavsiya etiladi.

=== 5-bosqich uchun qoʻshimcha qoida ===
Ayniqsa 5-bosqichda quyidagi qoʻshimcha qoida qabul qilingan:

* Har bir sahifa kvotasi 50 ga karrali boʻlishi kerak va barcha kvota oʻzgarishlari ham 50 birlik asosida amalga oshiriladi.

Bu qoida roʻyxatni yuritishni yengillashtirish bilan birga, kamroq, ammo mazmunan muhimroq kvota takliflarini ragʻbatlantirish va kam faol toifalarni mayda qismlarga boʻlib yuborishning oldini olishga xizmat qiladi.

== Foydalanuvchi qutilari ==

== Qarang ==
* [[Vikipediya:Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati]]

[[Turkum:Vikipediya]]</text>
      <sha1>k2ilgxbvmx9wmpzk35th2igtis6o96z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988694</id>
      <parentid>5988688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:22:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Foydalanuvchi qutilari */</comment>
      <origin>5988694</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8601" sha1="hib89dbcvh3celzrv6jecvwd0f8g95e" xml:space="preserve">{{Vikipediya:Mundarija/TOC Navbar
}}
[[File:Círculos Concéntricos.svg|60px|Vital articles|left]]
{{Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/Nav bar}}
{{shortcut|[[VP:MM]]}}
Bu sahifada [[Vikipediya]]ning har bir til boʻlimida boʻlishi zarur maqolalar koʻrsatilgan. Oʻzbek Vikipediyasi ham bundan istisno boʻlmay, bu maqolalarni oʻz ichiga olishi shart.

Boshqa tildagi Vikipediyalar uchun ham shunday muhim maqolalar roʻyxati tuzilgan, [[:meta:List of Wikipedias by sample of articles|bu yerda]] Vikipediyalar reytingini koʻrish mumkin.

== Muhim maqolalar ==
Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyada [[Maxsus:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ta maqola mavjud boʻlib, shundan 50 000 tasi (taxminan 16.8 %) loyiha uchun muhim maqolalar sifatida tanlab olingan (''loyiha ustida ishlanmoqda''). Ular besh bosqichga ajratilgan: 1-bosqich eng muhim oʻnta maqolani oʻz ichiga oladi, 2-bosqich eng muhim yuzta maqolani qamrab oladi (va tabiiy ravishda 1-bosqichdagi maqolalarni ham oʻz ichiga oladi), hamda har bir keyingi bosqich avvalgi bosqichdagi tanlovdan koʻra kengayib boradi, quyidagicha:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;
|+
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;br&gt;Bosqich
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | Muhim maqolalarning&lt;br&gt;maqsadli soni
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Hozirgi holat (2026-yil 10-aprel)
|-
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; | Hozirgi&lt;br&gt;soni
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; |{{icon|B}} va undan yuqori darajali (%)
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; | {{icon|FA}} Tanlangan, {{icon|GA}} Yaxshi yoki [[Fayl:Crystal Clear action bookmark Silver approved.svg|15px]] Xushsifat darajali (%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/1|1]]
| 10
| 10
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 2 (20%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/2|2]]
| 100
| 100
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 2 (2%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/3|3]]
| 1,000
| 1,000
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 7 (0.7 %)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/4|4]]
| 10,000
| —
| ''darajalanmagan''
| —
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/5|5]]
| 50,000
| —
| ''darajalanmagan''
| —
|}

== Muhim maqolalardan maqsad ==
[[vp:Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati|Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati]] roʻyxatidan farqli ravishda, muhim maqolalar roʻyxati aynan oʻzbekcha Vikipediya uchun moslashtirilgan va maxsus loyiha tomonidan muntazam ravishda yuritiladi. Beshta oʻzaro bogʻliq muhimlik darajasi Vikipediyani umumiy rivojlantirish uchun quyidagi vazifalarni bajaradi:

* Oʻzbekcha Vikipediya maqolalarini yaxshilash '''ustuvorliklarini belgilashga''' yoʻnaltiradi (masalan, qaysi maqolalarni [[Vikipediya:Tanlangan maqolalar|Tanlangan]] yoki [[Vikipediya:Yaxshi maqolalar|Yaxshi]] darajasiga olib chiqish kerakligini aniqlash).
* Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyaning '''umumiy sifatini''' baholash imkonini beradi (masalan, eng muhim maqolalarning qanchasi sifati oshganini aniqlash).
* Eng muhim maqolalar uchun '''markazlashgan kuzatuv roʻyxati''' vazifasini bajaradi.

== Muhim maqolalar qanday tanlanadi? ==
Maqolaning muhimligini aniqlashda quyidagi asosiy mezonlar qoʻllaniladi:

1. '''Qamrov''':
Yuqori darajadagi muhim maqolalar kengroq mavzularni qamrab oladi. Aytaylik, [[Fan]] yuqori darajada umumiy tushuncha boʻlsa, [[Ilmiy metod]] undan torroq mavzuni qamrab oladi va quyi darajada turadi. Quyi darajadagi muhim maqolalarni aniqlashda yuqori darajadagilar asos oʻlaroq xizmat qiladi.

2. '''Vikipediyaning boshqa maqolalari uchun muhimlik''':
Mavzu Vikipediyadagi boshqa koʻplab maqolalarni tushuntirishda muhim rol oʻynasa, muhimdir. Masalan, „ilmiy metod“ fan bilan bogʻliq juda koʻp maqolalarning asosi boʻlgani uchun muhim.

3. '''Taniqlilik va taʼsir''':
Ayniqsa shaxslar uchun: ular oʻz sohasining eng yuqori darajadagi vakillari boʻlishi va insoniyat tarixiga sezilarli taʼsir koʻrsatgan boʻlishi kerak. Masalan:

* [[Albert Einstein]] — ilm-fan
* [[William Shakespeare]] — adabiyot
* [[Chingizxon]] — siyosat/tarix

4. '''Ogʻishmaslik''':
Roʻyxat global boʻlishi kerak. Yaʼni faqat Gʻarb mamlakatlariga emas, balki butun dunyoga tegishli muhim mavzularni qamrab olishi lozim. Masalan, yirik shaharlar tanlashda [[Xitoy]] yoki [[Hindiston]] kabi davlatlarga ham yetarli eʼtibor beriladi.

5. '''Sahifa statistikasi''':
Koʻrishlar soni, boshqa tillardagi mavjudligi, muharrirlar soni kabi koʻrsatkichlar ham inobatga olinadi. Ammo bu mezon ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlatiladi, chunki u vaqtinchalik trendlar yoki tarafkashlik taʼsirida boʻlishi mumkin.
== Maqsadlar va kvotalar ==
{{shortcut|VP:MUHIMKVOTA|VP:MUHIMMAQSAD|VP:MMKVOTA|VP:MMMAQSAD}}
Muhim maqolalar roʻyxatining har bir bosqichsi maʼlum miqdordagi maqolalarni koʻzda tutuvchi maqsad (yaʼni kvota)ga ega. Bunda nafaqat muhimlikni belgilanadi, balki tanlash jarayonini ham tartibga solinadi.

=== 1–3-bosqichlar uchun maqsadlar ===
1 va 2-bosqichlarda roʻyxatlar juda barqaror va kichik boʻlib, umumiy bosqich uchun qatʼiy maqsad mavjud. Roʻyxat hajmi deyarli hech qachon oʻzgarmaydi va odatda yangi takliflar bir maqolani boshqasiga almashtirishdan iborat boʻladi. Shu bilan birga, roʻyxat kichik boʻlgani uchun maqolalarni alohida-alohida solishtirish mumkin, yaʼni ayrim toifalar boʻyicha maqolalar soni barqaror boʻlsa-da, u asosan hisobot uchun xizmat qiladi.

3-bosqichda ham asosan shu tamoyil amal qiladi, faqat roʻyxat biroz moslashuvchanroq. Shu sababli umumiy miqdor belgilangan maqsad atrofida bir necha maqolaga oʻzgarishi mumkin. Almashtirish tavsiya etiladi, lekin 3-bosqich uchun majburiy emas.

=== 4–5-bosqichlar uchun kvotalar ===
4-bosqichdan boshlab muhim maqolalar roʻyxati toifalar boʻyicha bir nechta sahifalarga boʻlinadi. 4 va 5-bosqichlarning katta hajmi sababli turli sohalar oʻrtasida toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri solishtirish amalda imkonsiz. Shu bois umumiy bosqich maqsadi koʻproq maʼlumot sifatida qoladi, toifalar boʻyicha maqolalar soni esa muhimroq ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Bu toifa boʻyicha sonlar kvota sifatida ishlaydi va roʻyxat hajmida maʼlum bosqichda farq boʻlishi mumkin. Masalan, 5-bosqichda toifa maqolalar soni belgilangan maqsadning 98% dan 102% gacha boʻlsa, „kvotaga yaqin“ deb hisoblanadi. Bu moslashuvchanlik takliflarni alohida qoʻshish yoki olib tashlash tarzida berishga imkon beradi, hatto aslida almashtirish koʻzda tutilgan boʻlsa ham — bu bahsli yoki qisman ovozlarni kamaytiradi.

Biroq bu moslashuvchanlik yashirin kvota sifatida qaralmasligi kerak; u faqat yuqori bosqichlarda oʻzgarishlarni osonlashtirish uchun berilgan. Agar biror toifa kvotadan sezilarli oshib ketsa, yangi takliflarda asosan olib tashlashga eʼtibor qaratish yoki qoʻshish bilan birga bir nechta olib tashlashni ham taklif qilish lozim.

=== Kvotani oʻzgartirish ===
Toifalar kvotasi alohida kvota takliflari orqali oʻzgartiriladi. Taklif beruvchilar turli sabablarga koʻra toifalar oʻrtasida oʻrinlarni qayta taqsimlashi mumkin, ammo muhim qoida shuki: kvota takliflari maqola takliflaridan alohida koʻrib chiqilishi kerak. Agar kimdir biror toifada maqolalar sonini oshirish yoki kamaytirish kerak deb hisoblasa, avval maqolalar boʻyicha oʻzgarishlarni taklif etib, keyin yangi hajmni kvota taklifi bilan tasdiqlashi tavsiya etiladi.

=== 5-bosqich uchun qoʻshimcha qoida ===
Ayniqsa 5-bosqichda quyidagi qoʻshimcha qoida qabul qilingan:

* Har bir sahifa kvotasi 50 ga karrali boʻlishi kerak va barcha kvota oʻzgarishlari ham 50 birlik asosida amalga oshiriladi.

Bu qoida roʻyxatni yuritishni yengillashtirish bilan birga, kamroq, ammo mazmunan muhimroq kvota takliflarini ragʻbatlantirish va kam faol toifalarni mayda qismlarga boʻlib yuborishning oldini olishga xizmat qiladi.

== Foydalanuvchi qutilari ==
Quyida loyihaga aloqador [[VP:Foydalanuvchi qutilari|foydalanuvchi qutilari]] mavjud:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Andoza
!Koʻrinishi
!Muddao
|-
|{{tl|User MM}}
|{{User MM}}
|Muhim maqolalar ishtirokchilari uchun.
|-
|{{tl|MM barnstar}} 
|{{MM barnstar}}
|Ushbu quti munosib hissa qoʻshganlar uchun.
|-
|{{tl|MM Yaxshi}}
|{{MM Yaxshi}}
|Ushbu foydalanuvchi quti muhim maqolani Yaxshi maqomiga olib chiqqanlar uchun.
|-
|{{tl|MM Tanlangan}}
|{{MM Tanlangan}}
|Ushbu foydalanuvchi quti muhim maqolani Tanlangan maqomiga olib chiqqanlar uchun.
|}
{{Muhim maqolalar}}

== Qarang ==
* [[Vikipediya:Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati]]

[[Turkum:Vikipediya]]</text>
      <sha1>hib89dbcvh3celzrv6jecvwd0f8g95e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988734</id>
      <parentid>5988694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:52:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Foydalanuvchi qutilari */</comment>
      <origin>5988734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8621" sha1="bcoqadmp9yhgn9dyvzx4yn8mq2bnuj2" xml:space="preserve">{{Vikipediya:Mundarija/TOC Navbar
}}
[[File:Círculos Concéntricos.svg|60px|Vital articles|left]]
{{Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/Nav bar}}
{{shortcut|[[VP:MM]]}}
Bu sahifada [[Vikipediya]]ning har bir til boʻlimida boʻlishi zarur maqolalar koʻrsatilgan. Oʻzbek Vikipediyasi ham bundan istisno boʻlmay, bu maqolalarni oʻz ichiga olishi shart.

Boshqa tildagi Vikipediyalar uchun ham shunday muhim maqolalar roʻyxati tuzilgan, [[:meta:List of Wikipedias by sample of articles|bu yerda]] Vikipediyalar reytingini koʻrish mumkin.

== Muhim maqolalar ==
Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyada [[Maxsus:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ta maqola mavjud boʻlib, shundan 50 000 tasi (taxminan 16.8 %) loyiha uchun muhim maqolalar sifatida tanlab olingan (''loyiha ustida ishlanmoqda''). Ular besh bosqichga ajratilgan: 1-bosqich eng muhim oʻnta maqolani oʻz ichiga oladi, 2-bosqich eng muhim yuzta maqolani qamrab oladi (va tabiiy ravishda 1-bosqichdagi maqolalarni ham oʻz ichiga oladi), hamda har bir keyingi bosqich avvalgi bosqichdagi tanlovdan koʻra kengayib boradi, quyidagicha:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;
|+
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;br&gt;Bosqich
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | Muhim maqolalarning&lt;br&gt;maqsadli soni
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Hozirgi holat (2026-yil 10-aprel)
|-
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; | Hozirgi&lt;br&gt;soni
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; |{{icon|B}} va undan yuqori darajali (%)
! style=&quot;min-width:max-content;&quot; | {{icon|FA}} Tanlangan, {{icon|GA}} Yaxshi yoki [[Fayl:Crystal Clear action bookmark Silver approved.svg|15px]] Xushsifat darajali (%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/1|1]]
| 10
| 10
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 2 (20%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/2|2]]
| 100
| 100
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 2 (2%)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/3|3]]
| 1,000
| 1,000
| ''darajalanmagan''
| 7 (0.7 %)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/4|4]]
| 10,000
| —
| ''darajalanmagan''
| —
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar/Bosqich/5|5]]
| 50,000
| —
| ''darajalanmagan''
| —
|}

== Muhim maqolalardan maqsad ==
[[vp:Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati|Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati]] roʻyxatidan farqli ravishda, muhim maqolalar roʻyxati aynan oʻzbekcha Vikipediya uchun moslashtirilgan va maxsus loyiha tomonidan muntazam ravishda yuritiladi. Beshta oʻzaro bogʻliq muhimlik darajasi Vikipediyani umumiy rivojlantirish uchun quyidagi vazifalarni bajaradi:

* Oʻzbekcha Vikipediya maqolalarini yaxshilash '''ustuvorliklarini belgilashga''' yoʻnaltiradi (masalan, qaysi maqolalarni [[Vikipediya:Tanlangan maqolalar|Tanlangan]] yoki [[Vikipediya:Yaxshi maqolalar|Yaxshi]] darajasiga olib chiqish kerakligini aniqlash).
* Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyaning '''umumiy sifatini''' baholash imkonini beradi (masalan, eng muhim maqolalarning qanchasi sifati oshganini aniqlash).
* Eng muhim maqolalar uchun '''markazlashgan kuzatuv roʻyxati''' vazifasini bajaradi.

== Muhim maqolalar qanday tanlanadi? ==
Maqolaning muhimligini aniqlashda quyidagi asosiy mezonlar qoʻllaniladi:

1. '''Qamrov''':
Yuqori darajadagi muhim maqolalar kengroq mavzularni qamrab oladi. Aytaylik, [[Fan]] yuqori darajada umumiy tushuncha boʻlsa, [[Ilmiy metod]] undan torroq mavzuni qamrab oladi va quyi darajada turadi. Quyi darajadagi muhim maqolalarni aniqlashda yuqori darajadagilar asos oʻlaroq xizmat qiladi.

2. '''Vikipediyaning boshqa maqolalari uchun muhimlik''':
Mavzu Vikipediyadagi boshqa koʻplab maqolalarni tushuntirishda muhim rol oʻynasa, muhimdir. Masalan, „ilmiy metod“ fan bilan bogʻliq juda koʻp maqolalarning asosi boʻlgani uchun muhim.

3. '''Taniqlilik va taʼsir''':
Ayniqsa shaxslar uchun: ular oʻz sohasining eng yuqori darajadagi vakillari boʻlishi va insoniyat tarixiga sezilarli taʼsir koʻrsatgan boʻlishi kerak. Masalan:

* [[Albert Einstein]] — ilm-fan
* [[William Shakespeare]] — adabiyot
* [[Chingizxon]] — siyosat/tarix

4. '''Ogʻishmaslik''':
Roʻyxat global boʻlishi kerak. Yaʼni faqat Gʻarb mamlakatlariga emas, balki butun dunyoga tegishli muhim mavzularni qamrab olishi lozim. Masalan, yirik shaharlar tanlashda [[Xitoy]] yoki [[Hindiston]] kabi davlatlarga ham yetarli eʼtibor beriladi.

5. '''Sahifa statistikasi''':
Koʻrishlar soni, boshqa tillardagi mavjudligi, muharrirlar soni kabi koʻrsatkichlar ham inobatga olinadi. Ammo bu mezon ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlatiladi, chunki u vaqtinchalik trendlar yoki tarafkashlik taʼsirida boʻlishi mumkin.
== Maqsadlar va kvotalar ==
{{shortcut|VP:MUHIMKVOTA|VP:MUHIMMAQSAD|VP:MMKVOTA|VP:MMMAQSAD}}
Muhim maqolalar roʻyxatining har bir bosqichsi maʼlum miqdordagi maqolalarni koʻzda tutuvchi maqsad (yaʼni kvota)ga ega. Bunda nafaqat muhimlikni belgilanadi, balki tanlash jarayonini ham tartibga solinadi.

=== 1–3-bosqichlar uchun maqsadlar ===
1 va 2-bosqichlarda roʻyxatlar juda barqaror va kichik boʻlib, umumiy bosqich uchun qatʼiy maqsad mavjud. Roʻyxat hajmi deyarli hech qachon oʻzgarmaydi va odatda yangi takliflar bir maqolani boshqasiga almashtirishdan iborat boʻladi. Shu bilan birga, roʻyxat kichik boʻlgani uchun maqolalarni alohida-alohida solishtirish mumkin, yaʼni ayrim toifalar boʻyicha maqolalar soni barqaror boʻlsa-da, u asosan hisobot uchun xizmat qiladi.

3-bosqichda ham asosan shu tamoyil amal qiladi, faqat roʻyxat biroz moslashuvchanroq. Shu sababli umumiy miqdor belgilangan maqsad atrofida bir necha maqolaga oʻzgarishi mumkin. Almashtirish tavsiya etiladi, lekin 3-bosqich uchun majburiy emas.

=== 4–5-bosqichlar uchun kvotalar ===
4-bosqichdan boshlab muhim maqolalar roʻyxati toifalar boʻyicha bir nechta sahifalarga boʻlinadi. 4 va 5-bosqichlarning katta hajmi sababli turli sohalar oʻrtasida toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri solishtirish amalda imkonsiz. Shu bois umumiy bosqich maqsadi koʻproq maʼlumot sifatida qoladi, toifalar boʻyicha maqolalar soni esa muhimroq ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Bu toifa boʻyicha sonlar kvota sifatida ishlaydi va roʻyxat hajmida maʼlum bosqichda farq boʻlishi mumkin. Masalan, 5-bosqichda toifa maqolalar soni belgilangan maqsadning 98% dan 102% gacha boʻlsa, „kvotaga yaqin“ deb hisoblanadi. Bu moslashuvchanlik takliflarni alohida qoʻshish yoki olib tashlash tarzida berishga imkon beradi, hatto aslida almashtirish koʻzda tutilgan boʻlsa ham — bu bahsli yoki qisman ovozlarni kamaytiradi.

Biroq bu moslashuvchanlik yashirin kvota sifatida qaralmasligi kerak; u faqat yuqori bosqichlarda oʻzgarishlarni osonlashtirish uchun berilgan. Agar biror toifa kvotadan sezilarli oshib ketsa, yangi takliflarda asosan olib tashlashga eʼtibor qaratish yoki qoʻshish bilan birga bir nechta olib tashlashni ham taklif qilish lozim.

=== Kvotani oʻzgartirish ===
Toifalar kvotasi alohida kvota takliflari orqali oʻzgartiriladi. Taklif beruvchilar turli sabablarga koʻra toifalar oʻrtasida oʻrinlarni qayta taqsimlashi mumkin, ammo muhim qoida shuki: kvota takliflari maqola takliflaridan alohida koʻrib chiqilishi kerak. Agar kimdir biror toifada maqolalar sonini oshirish yoki kamaytirish kerak deb hisoblasa, avval maqolalar boʻyicha oʻzgarishlarni taklif etib, keyin yangi hajmni kvota taklifi bilan tasdiqlashi tavsiya etiladi.

=== 5-bosqich uchun qoʻshimcha qoida ===
Ayniqsa 5-bosqichda quyidagi qoʻshimcha qoida qabul qilingan:

* Har bir sahifa kvotasi 50 ga karrali boʻlishi kerak va barcha kvota oʻzgarishlari ham 50 birlik asosida amalga oshiriladi.

Bu qoida roʻyxatni yuritishni yengillashtirish bilan birga, kamroq, ammo mazmunan muhimroq kvota takliflarini ragʻbatlantirish va kam faol toifalarni mayda qismlarga boʻlib yuborishning oldini olishga xizmat qiladi.

== Foydalanuvchi qutilari ==
Quyida loyihaga aloqador [[VP:Foydalanuvchi qutilari|foydalanuvchi qutilari]] mavjud:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Andoza
!Koʻrinishi
!Muddao
|-
|{{tl|User MM}}
|{{User MM}}
|Muhim maqolalar ishtirokchilari uchun.
|-
|{{tl|MM barnstar}} 
|{{MM barnstar}}
|Ushbu quti munosib hissa qoʻshganlar uchun.
|-
|{{tl|Yaxshi MM user}}
|{{Yaxshi MM user}}
|Ushbu foydalanuvchi quti muhim maqolani Yaxshi maqomiga olib chiqqanlar uchun.
|-
|{{tl|Tanlangan MM user}}
|{{Tanlangan MM user}}
|Ushbu foydalanuvchi quti muhim maqolani Tanlangan maqomiga olib chiqqanlar uchun.
|}
{{Muhim maqolalar}}

== Qarang ==
* [[Vikipediya:Har bir Vikipediya boʻlimida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan maqolalar roʻyxati]]

[[Turkum:Vikipediya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>SSD</title>
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      <text bytes="2068" sha1="mda5ujk2xdd8kpzv85g1t396b5pe9zh" xml:space="preserve">'''SSD''' (''[[ingliz tili|inglizcha]]'' '''''solid-state drive''''' — „qattiq [[disk yurituvchi|yurituvchi]]“) maʼlumot saqlash uskunasi boʻlib, maʼlumotni doimiy saqlash uchun ishlatiladi. [[Flesh xotira]]dan farqli raishda, MHX qattiq disklarni oʻrnini bosish maqsadida shaklan va ishlash jihatidan unga oʻxshatilgan boʻladi. Shuningedek MHXda flesh xotira oʻrniga [[DTMX]] yoki [[O'TMX]] dan foydalaniladi va koʻpincha [[Tasodifiy Murojaat Xotira]] qurilmasi deb ham ataladi.

[[Tasvir:E-disk 2-5 scsi.jpg|thumbnail|right|2.5 dyuymli SSD qurilmasi.]]
[[File:14-06-11-ssd-RalfR-N3S 7886-03.jpg|thumb|mSATA SSD]]
Mustahkam holat atamasining asl maʼnosi elektron quvurlar oʻrniga yarim oʻtkazgichlardan foydalanganligini bildirsada, ushbu oʻrinda buning maʼnosi qurulmaning harakatlanuvchi mexanik qismlari yoʻqligini ham anglatadi. Buning hisobiga xotiraga boʻlgan murojaast (oʻqish va yozish) tezligi yuqori boʻladi va sarflanadigan vaqt ham juda kam boʻladi.

SSD-lar odatda [[Qattiq magnit disk|HDD-larga]] qaraganda uzoqroq xizmat qiladi. Ikkala turdagi drayverlar koʻp yillar davom etishi mumkin boʻlsa-da, SSD disklari yomonlasha boshlashdan oldin koʻproq oʻqish/yozish davrlariga bardosh bera oladi. Ammo shuni taʼkidlash kerakki, SSD ning ishlash muddati flesh-xotira sifati va foydalanish tartibi kabi omillarga ham bogʻliq.

== Tarixi ==
1978-yil [[StorageTek]] kompaniyasi birinchi mustahkam holdagi xotira qurilmasini ishlab chiqdi. 1980 yilga kelib [[Santa Clara Systems]] „BatRam“ dunyoga tanishtirdi, u 1 megabit massivdagi DIP TMX sxemalariga asoslanib, qattiq diskni emulyatsiya qilish uchun maxsus moslamga ega edi.
[[Sharp]] yapon kompaniyasining 1983 yilda chiqargan „Sharp PC-5000“ noutbuklarida 128 kilobayt mustahkam holatdagi xotiradan foydalanilgan edi.
TMX qurilmalar 1980 yilda tizimni boshlash uskunasi (booting media) sifatida juda mashhur boʻlgandi. Bunga asosiy sabab qattiq disklarning qimmatligi va [[epchil disk]]larning murojaat tezligini pastligi boʻlgan.

{{chala}}

[[Turkum:Kompyuter]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Kichik tuzatish</comment>
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      <text bytes="124" sha1="abxe42yg1sb1q4nv9y5smncf5bkufsa" xml:space="preserve">{{nobr|{{Xitoy bayrogʻi}} [[Xitoy]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Turkum: Vikipediya:Andozalar:Davlatlar bayroqlari]]{{hujjat}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Qattiq magnit disk</title>
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      <text bytes="7441" sha1="1i968qo5kv8hy9zazwtjwz39l18emfr" xml:space="preserve">'''Vinchester''' (ing. hard disk – qattiq disk) – kompyuterdagi barcha dastur va maʼlumotlar saqlanadigan xotira qurilmasi.

'''Qattiq magnit disk'''lardagi yigʻuvchilar '''Vinchester''' nomi ostidagi qattiq magnit disklardagi yigʻuvchilar (QMDY) SHKlarda keng tarqalgan. Vinchester atamasi sigʻimi 16 Mbayt ([[IBM]], 1973-yil) boʻlgan qattiq disk birinchi modelining jargoni nomidan kelib chiqqan boʻlib, u har biri 30 ta sektordan iborat 30 ta yoʻlkaga egadir. Bu maʼlum boʻlgan „Vinchester“ ov miltigʻini „30/30“ kalibri bilan aynan mos keladi. Bu yigʻuvchilarda bitta yoki bir nechta qattiq disklar boʻlib, ular [[Aluminiy|'''alyuminiy''']] yoki '''[[kremniy]]''' qorishmasidan tayyorlangan va ferrilok bilan qoplangan, germetik yopiq korpusga oʻqish-yozish magnit kallagi bloki joylashtirilgandir. Bu yigʻuvchilarning sigʻimi olinmaydigan konstruksiya hisobiga erishiladigan oʻta yuqori yozish zichligi tufayli bir necha ming megabaytgacha yetadi; ular tezkoriligi ham EMDY ga nisbatan juda yuqoridir. 1997-yildagi eng katta qiymatlar: sigʻimi 9000 Mbayt (1997-yilga sigʻim standarti – 1200 Mbayt); aylanish tezligi – 8000 ayl/min; murojaat qilish vaqti – 5 ms; transferi – 17 bayt/s. QMDY juda rang – barangdir. Disk diametri koʻpincha 3,5&quot; (89 mm), lekin boshqalari ham bordir, xususan 5,25&quot; (133 mm) va 1,8&quot; (45 mm) ham bor. Diskovodning eng koʻp tarqalgan korpusining balandligi stol usti SHK larda- 25 mm, mashina – serverlarda – 41 mm, ixcham SHK larda −12 mm va b. Zamonaviy vinchesterlarda zonali yozish usuli ishlatila boshlandi. Bu holatda diskning butun yuzasi bir nechta zonalarga boʻlinadi, shu bilan birga sektorlarning tashqi zonalariga ichkisiga nisbatan koʻproq qiymatlar joylashadi. Bu, xususan, qattiq disklarning sigʻimini taxminan 30% oshirish imkonini beradi.

Oʻz tarkibiga yoʻlkalarni va sektorlarni olgan disk strukturasini magnit tashuvchida tasvirlash uchun unda fizik, yoki past darajali formatlash deb ataladigan jarayon bajarilishi kerak (physical, yoki 1ow-1evel formatting) Bu jarayonni bajarish paytida nazoratchi tashuvchiga xizmatchi maʼlumotni yozadi, u sektorda disk silindrlarini belgilashni aniqlaydi va ularni nomerlaydi. Past darajali formatlash diskni ishlatish jarayonida buzuq sektorlarga murojaat qilishni inkor qilish uchun ularni markirovka qilib ham chiqadi. Maksimal sigʻim va qiymatlarni uzatish tezligi yigʻuvchi ishlaydigan interfeysga bogʻliqdir (diskli interfeyslar oldingi paragrafda koʻrib chiqilgan). Standart aylanish tezligi, masalan, EIDE interfeysi uchun – 3600, 4500 va 5400 ayl/min. Protsessorning disklar bilan maʼlumotlar almashish tezligini oshirish uchun QMDY ni keshlash kerak, disklar uchun kesh xotira asosiy xotira uchun keshning funktsional vazifasi kabi vazifaga egadir, yaʼni diskka yozilayotgan yoki undan oʻqilayotgan maʼlumotlarni qisqa vaqt saqlash uchun tez harakatlanadigan xotira buferi boʻlib xizmat qiladi. Kesh-xotira diskovodga nisbatan sozlangan boʻlishi mumkin, tezkor xotirada dasturi yoʻl bilan yaratilishi ham mumkin (masalan, [[Microsoft]] Samartdrive drayveri bilan). Protsessorning disk kesh xotirasi bilan maʼlumotlarni almashish tezligi 100 Mbayt/s ga yetishi mumkin. SHKda odatda bitta, kam hollarda bir nechta qattiq magnit disklardagi yigʻuvchilar boʻladi. Lekin [[MS-DOS|MS DOS]] da dastur vositalari bilan bitta fizik disk bir nechta „mantiqiy“ disklarga boʻlinishi mumkin; shu bilan birga bitta yigʻuvchida bir nechta QMD imitatsiya qilinadi. Olinadigan vinchesterlar ham ishlatiladi – ularning sigʻimi odatda 1 Gbaytdan oshmaydi. Yaqin kunda [[Samsung|SAMSUNG]] kompaniyasi toʻrt liniyali qattiq disklarni ishlab chiqarmoqda. Spin Point TP80, Spin Point PL 40, Spin Point V80 va Spin Point VL40. P80 va VL 40 seriyasi platin aylanish tezligi 7200 ob/min, V80 va VL40seriyasidagi disklar aylanishi 5400 ob/min. Pl40 va VL40 seriyali disklar past profelli, ularning konstruksiyasida bitta disk va bitta kallak ishlatiladi. Har xil xarakteristikali texnika va katta sigʻimli xotiraga saqlashi, koʻplab foydalanuvchilarni qondiradi. Hamma modellarda 80Gbaytli keng yozuvchi plastina qoʻllanadi. Gidro dinamikli podshivkasi, NotseGuard va SillentDeek shovqin beruvchi firma texnologiyasi, shuningdek SSB va Impact Guord zarbalardan saqlash texnologiyasi. SP 1604N disk asosiy texnik xarakteristikalari 1 jadvalda keltirilgan. JADVAL Konstruktorlarga, disk ishini past- shovqin darajasi 27db dan oshmasligiga erishildi. Bunda kutish rejimida 27db va 1 qidirish rejimida 28 dbga erishildi. Testlar uchun firm Warc ning TM100-23 versiyasidagi disk berilgan. Yangi vinchesterning imkoniyatlarini tekshirish uchun SHK tarkibiga quyidagi konfiguratsiya testlar oʻtkazildi: [[Intel]] Pentium 1700 (400Mgs) professori; Asosiy platasi Albatron RX45
== Qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalari tomonidan raqobat ==
Qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalari (SSD) oʻzining yuqori tezligi (M.2 (NGFF) NVMe turidagi qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalari uchun soniyasiga 7 gigabayt yoxud PCIe kengaytirma kartali xotira qurilmalari uchun soniyasiga 2,5 gigabayt)&lt;ref&gt;{{Web manbasi|title=Intel Optane SSD 900P Series Review|url=https://www.storagereview.com/review/intel-optane-ssd-900p-series-review|access-date=2023-08-15|website=storagereview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ishonchliligi va kamroq quvvat sarfi bilan qattiq disklarni siqib chiqarmoqda.
Qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalarining razryadliligi qattiq disklarga nisbatan turt-toʻqqiz marotaba yuqori&lt;ref&gt;{{Web manbasi|title=How long before SSDs replace nearline disk drives?|url=https://blocksandfiles.com/2019/08/28/nearline-disk-drives-ssd-attack/|access-date=2023-08-15|website=blocksandfiles.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2016 yil holatiga xabar berilishicha, qattiq disklarning ishdan chiqish darajasi yiliga 2-9%ni tashkil qiladi, qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalarida esa yiliga 1-3%ni tashkil qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Web manbasi|title=Flash Reliability in Production: The Expected and the Unexpected|url=https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/fast16/fast16-papers-schroeder.pdf|access-date=2023-08-15|website=usenix.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Web manbasi|title=Competition between SSD and HDD|url=https://www.datanumen.com/blogs/competition-between-ssd-and-hdd/|access-date=2023-08-15|website=datanumen.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq, qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalaridagi maʼlumotlardagi tuzatib boʻlmas xatoliklar qattiq disklarga nisbatan koʻproq uchraydi.

Qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalari eng katta qattiq disklarga nisbatan kattaroq hajmda xotira va/yoki yanada yuqoriroq saqlash zichligini taqdim qilmoqda (100 TB va 30 TB hajmli qattiq jismli xotira qurilmalari 2,5 dyuymli qattiq diskning korpuslariga joylashadi, lekin uning balandligi 3,5 dyuymli qattiq disklarnikidek boʻladi)&lt;ref&gt;{{Web manbasi|title=Need A 100TB SSD? Nimbus Data Has You Covered With The ExaDrive DC100|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/100tb-ssd-nimbus-sata-flash,36687.html|access-date=2023-08-15|website=tomshardware.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Web manbasi|title=Samsung unveils world’s largest SSD with whopping 30TB of storage|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/2/20/17031256/worlds-largest-ssd-drive-samsung-30-terabyte-pm1643|access-date=2023-08-15|website=theverge.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;, biroq ularning narxi balandligicha qolmoqda.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{wikify}}

{{compu-stub}}
{{OʻzME}} &lt;!-- Bot tomonidan yaratildi --&gt;

[[Turkum:Kompyuter maʼlumotlarini saqlash]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Tasvir:Coat_of_arms_of_Gelfingen.svg]] [[Tasvir:CHE_Gelfingen_COA.svg]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) tufayli).</comment>
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      <text bytes="2209" sha1="28c2oyvc7hwx9pk1bdpi3jgbpjyiern" xml:space="preserve">{{Orphan|date=avgust 2024}}

{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
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| mavqe = Kommuna
| mamlakat = Shveysariya
| mintaqa turi = Shveysariya kantonlari{{!}}Kanton
| mintaqa = Lucerne (kanton)
| jadvalda mintaqa = Lucerne (kanton)
| tuman turi = Shveysariya okruglari{{!}}Okrug
| tuman = Hochdorf (okrug)
| jadvalda tuman = Hochdorf (okrug)
| jamoat turi =
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| identifikator turi = Oʻz-oʻzini boshqarish birligi identifikatsiyasi kodi{{!}}Rasmiy kodi
| raqamli identifikator = 1027
| Commons turkumi = Gelfingen
| sayt = http://www.gelfingen.ch
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}}
'''Gelfingen''' [[Shveysariya]]ning [[Lucerne (kanton)]] [[Shveysariya kantonlari|kantonida]] joylashgan kommunadir. Bu kommuna [[Hochdorf (okrug)]] okrugi tarkibiga kiradi. Maydoni – 3.86&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. 774 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladi (2006).

== Geografiyasi ==
=== Hududi ===
Gelfingenning hududi {{wikidata|p2046}} km{{sup|2}}ni tashkil etadi. Dengiz sathidan oʻrtacha {{wikidata|p2044}} m balandlikda joylashgan.

== Demografiyasi ==
{{Wikidata/Population}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum|Gelfingen}}
* [http://www.gelfingen.ch Rasmiy sayti] {{ref-de}}

{{Tashqi havolalar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gelfingen}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha aholi punktlari]]  [[Turkum:Shveysariya shaharlari]]


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  <page>
    <title>Gettnau</title>
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        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:Coat_of_arms_of_Gettnau.svg]] [[Tasvir:CHE_Gettnau_COA.svg]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) tufayli).</comment>
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      <text bytes="2190" sha1="6l1sx9mmarjw812n5oo22dfcozy6ekl" xml:space="preserve">{{Orphan|date=avgust 2024}}

{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| oʻzbekcha nomi = Gettnau
| mavqe = Kommuna
| mamlakat = Shveysariya
| mintaqa turi = Shveysariya kantonlari{{!}}Kanton
| mintaqa = Lucerne (kanton)
| jadvalda mintaqa = Lucerne (kanton)
| tuman turi = Shveysariya okruglari{{!}}Okrug
| tuman = Willisau (okrug)
| jadvalda tuman = Willisau (okrug)
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat = 
| jadvalda jamoat = 
| qaram = 
| gerb = CHE Gettnau COA.svg
| bayroq = 
 | lat_dir = N | lat_deg = 47 | lat_min = 8 | lat_sec = 25
 | lon_dir = E | lon_deg = 7 | lon_min = 58 | lon_sec = 10
| CoordAddon = 
| CoordScale = 
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 
| mintaqa xaritasi oʻlchami = 
| tuman xaritasi oʻlchami = 
| mamlakat xaritasi = 
| mintaqa xaritasi = 
| tuman xaritasi = 
| ichki bolinishi = 
| rahbar turi = Burgomistr
| rahbar = 
| asos solingan = 
| ilk eslatilishi = 
| avvalgi nomlari = 
| qachondan beri = 
| maydon = 6.06
| balandlik turi = 
| AP markazi balandligi = 548
| iqlim = 
| rasmiy til = 
| aholi = 974
| sanalgan yil = 2006
| zichlik = 
| aglomeratsiya = 
| milliy tarkib = 
| konfessiyaviy tarkib = 
| etnoxronim = 
| vaqt mintaqasi = +1
| DST = bor
| telefon kodi = 
| pochta indeksi = 6142
| pochta indekslari = 
| avtomobil kodi = LU
| identifikator turi = Oʻz-oʻzini boshqarish birligi identifikatsiyasi kodi{{!}}Rasmiy kodi
| raqamli identifikator = 1130
| Commons turkumi = Gettnau
| sayt = http://www.gettnau.ch
| sayt tili = de
}}
'''Gettnau''' [[Shveysariya]]ning [[Lucerne (kanton)]] [[Shveysariya kantonlari|kantonida]] joylashgan kommunadir. Bu kommuna [[Willisau (okrug)]] okrugi tarkibiga kiradi. Maydoni – 6.06&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. 974 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladi (2006).

== Geografiyasi ==
=== Hududi ===
Gettnauning hududi {{wikidata|p2046}} km{{sup|2}}ni tashkil etadi. Dengiz sathidan oʻrtacha {{wikidata|p2044}} m balandlikda joylashgan.

== Demografiyasi ==
{{Wikidata/Population}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum|Gettnau}}
* [http://www.gettnau.ch Rasmiy sayti] {{ref-de}}

{{Tashqi havolalar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gettnau}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha aholi punktlari]]  [[Turkum:Shveysariya shaharlari]]


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  <page>
    <title>Hasle (Lucerne)</title>
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        <id>151706</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:CHE Hasle (Luzern) COA.png]] → [[File:CHE Hasle LU COA.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="2213" sha1="58cx81xvtbv3kmen7sbc6aiwxppxxjj" xml:space="preserve">{{Orphan|date=avgust 2024}}

{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| oʻzbekcha nomi = Hasle 
| mavqe = Kommuna
| mamlakat = Shveysariya
| mintaqa turi = Shveysariya kantonlari{{!}}Kanton
| mintaqa = Lucerne (kanton)
| jadvalda mintaqa = Lucerne (kanton)
| tuman turi = Shveysariya okruglari{{!}}Okrug
| tuman = Entlebuch (okrug)
| jadvalda tuman = Entlebuch (okrug)
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat = 
| jadvalda jamoat = 
| qaram = 
| gerb = CHE Hasle LU COA.svg
| bayroq = 
 | lat_dir = N | lat_deg = 46 | lat_min = 58 | lat_sec = 42
 | lon_dir = E | lon_deg = 8 | lon_min = 2 | lon_sec = 48
| CoordAddon = 
| CoordScale = 
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 
| mintaqa xaritasi oʻlchami = 
| tuman xaritasi oʻlchami = 
| mamlakat xaritasi = 
| mintaqa xaritasi = 
| tuman xaritasi = 
| ichki bolinishi = 
| rahbar turi = Burgomistr
| rahbar = 
| asos solingan = 
| ilk eslatilishi = 
| avvalgi nomlari = 
| qachondan beri = 
| maydon = 40.30
| balandlik turi = 
| AP markazi balandligi = 718
| iqlim = 
| rasmiy til = 
| aholi = 1704
| sanalgan yil = 2006
| zichlik = 
| aglomeratsiya = 
| milliy tarkib = 
| konfessiyaviy tarkib = 
| etnoxronim = 
| vaqt mintaqasi = +1
| DST = bor
| telefon kodi = 
| pochta indeksi = 6166
| pochta indekslari = 
| avtomobil kodi = LU
| identifikator turi = Oʻz-oʻzini boshqarish birligi identifikatsiyasi kodi{{!}}Rasmiy kodi
| raqamli identifikator = 1005
| Commons turkumi = Hasle LU
| sayt = http://www.hasle-lu.ch
| sayt tili = de
}}
'''Hasle ''' [[Shveysariya]]ning [[Lucerne (kanton)]] [[Shveysariya kantonlari|kantonida]] joylashgan kommunadir. Bu kommuna [[Entlebuch (okrug)]] okrugi tarkibiga kiradi. Maydoni – 40.30&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. 1704 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladi (2006).

== Geografiyasi ==
=== Hududi ===
Haslening hududi {{wikidata|p2046}} km{{sup|2}}ni tashkil etadi. Dengiz sathidan oʻrtacha {{wikidata|p2044}} m balandlikda joylashgan.

== Demografiyasi ==
{{Wikidata/Population}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum|Hasle (Lucerne)}}
* [http://www.hasle-lu.ch Rasmiy sayti] {{ref-de}}

{{Tashqi havolalar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasle (Lucerne)}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha aholi punktlari]]  [[Turkum:Shveysariya shaharlari]]


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  <page>
    <title>Byurokratiya</title>
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        <username>Bahrom04</username>
        <id>211646</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Taypo kamchiliklar toʻgʻirlandi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2359" sha1="8i0gwpy4egretjgxncviu98t8prwjmb" xml:space="preserve">'''Byurokratiya''' (frans. bureau byuro, idora; yun. kratos — kuch, hokimiyat, xukmronlik) — dastlab hukumat idoralarining rahbarlari va amaldorlari hokimiyati; keyinchalik jamiyatning turli sohalarida paydo boʻlgan yirik tashkilotlardagi xizmatchilar qatlamini ifodalagan. Boshqaruv va maʼmuriyatning zarur qismi sifatida B. alohida ijtimoiy qatlamga aylanib boradi. B.ga xos xususiyatlar: kuyi mansabdorlarning yuqori mansabdorlarga bosqichmabosqich boʻysunishi, qattiq ish tartiboti, maxsus maʼlumotni taqozo etuvchi rasmiylashgan vazifalarni amalga oshirishda mehnat va masʼuliyat taqsimoti. Tashkilot koʻpchilik aʼzolarining mustaqil ravishda imtiyozli qatlamga aylanishga intilishi oqibatida rasmiyatchilik, oʻzboshimchalik, avtoritarizm va sharoitga moslashish kuchaya boradi, tashkilotning tartibqoida hamda maqsadvazifalariga boʻysundirilishi asosan B.ni mustahkamlash va saqlab qolish uchun xizmat qiladi. Bu hol ayniqsa [[Avtoritarizm|avtoritar]] tizimlarda yaqqol namoyon boʻladi. Mansabdor shaxs tomonidan oʻz vazifasiga vijdonsizlik va sovuqqonlik bilan harakat, fuqarolarning taklif, ariza va shikoyatlarini koʻrib chiqish tartibini buzish, ularga toʻralarcha munosabatda boʻlish hollari davlat va jamiyat manfaatlariga, fuqarolarning qonun bilan qoʻriqlanadigan huquq va manfaatlariga jiddiy zarar yetkazadi. Demokratik jamiyat B.ning mazkur salbiy xususiyatlarini bartaraf etish va cheklashga qaratilgan nazorat hamda boshqaruv shakllarini ishlab chiqishga harakat qiladi.

Shu munosabat bilan Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi JKda fuqarolarning konstitutsiyaviy huquq va erkinliklariga qarshi mansabdor shaxslarning jinoyatlari tegishlicha jarima solish, muayyan huquqdan maxrum qilish, axloqtuzatish ishlari yoki ozodlikdan mahrum etish kabilar bilan jazolanadi (VII bob). Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining “Fuqarolarning huquqlari va erkinliklarini buzadigan xattiharakatlar va qarorlar ustidan sudga shikoyat qilish toʻgrisida”gi Qonuni (1995-yil 30 avgust) ham har bir fuqaro oʻz huquqlari yoki erkinliklari buzilgan, deb hisoblasa, shikoyat bilan sudga murojaat qilish xuquqini taʼminlaydi.

== Adabiyotlar ==
* [[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
{{OʻzME}}
{{boshqaruv shakllari}}
{{politic-stub}}
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy huquq]]
[[Turkum:Siyosiy harakatlar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Diakritik belgilar</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Taypo toʻgʻirlandi</comment>
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      <text bytes="1967" sha1="qkqjpd7yt0xlo73umbt5ez01rrza4w4" xml:space="preserve">'''Diakritik belgilar''' (yun. diakritikos — farqlovchi, farqlashga xizmat qiluvchi) — satrlar ustiga yoki ostiga, kamdan-kam hollarda ichiga qoʻyiladigan, harflarga asoslangan yozuvlarda ishlatiladigan belgilar. D. b. ayrim belgi — harf mohiyatini oʻzgartirish yoki uni aniqlashga xizmat qiladi. D. b.ning quyidagi turlari farqlanadi: a) harfga yangicha funksiya yuklaydigan belgilar (mas, oʻzbek kirill alifbosidagi — y, yo, gʻ, q va b., oʻzbek lotin alifbosidagi —oʻ, Ya(q) va b.); b) tovushning variantlarini ifodalovchi belgilar (mas, frans. yo, yo, yo, bular yana maʼno farqlash xususiyatiga ham ega). Ayrim D. b. harfni ajratib oʻqishlikni koʻrsatadi (mas, frans.— I). Prosodik D. b. harf ifodalovchi tovushning choʻziq yoki qisqaligini, urgʻu va uning turlarini, tonni bildiradi (mas, Vyetnam tilida, [[xitoy tili]] uchun lotin grafikasi asosidagi baʼzi loyihalarda). D. b. baʼzi transkripsiyalar tizimida va xalqaro alifbolar loyihalarida katta ahamiyatga ega. Ayni bir xil D. b. turli milliy yozuvlarda turlicha funksiyani bajaradi. D. b. eng koʻp uchraydigan tillar — fransuz, polyak, chex, portugal, lotin, litva tillaridir. Turkiy tillarda, xususan, oʻzbek tilida ham D. b. mavjud. D. b. arab yozuvida ham keng qoʻllanadi, bularning ahamiyati ayniqsa turli arab va musulmon mamlakatlarda Qurʼoni Karimni tilovat qilishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi, yaʼni bir xil oʻqilishini taʼminlaydi. Arab alifbosi asosidagi boshqa xalqlar yozuvlari ham bundan mustasno emas (mas, fors, urdu va b. tillarda). D. b. hind yozuv tizimlarida ham uchraydi, bularda dimoqda hosil boʻladigan undoshlarni farqlaydi, shuningdek, choʻziqlik va qisqalikni koʻrsatadi (mas, “i” va “ji”). Baʼzi olimlar som (arab, yahudiy) tillarida ham D. b. mavjud deb taʼkidlaydilar, bunda [[unli tovushlar]] undoshlar ostiga nuqta va chiziqcha qoʻyish bilan anglashiladi. 

== Adabiyot ==
* [[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
{{chala}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tezkor xotira</title>
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      <text bytes="5840" sha1="apypwr7dm9wfh824ztwbelxdpyfgnkr" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RAM n.jpg|thumb|right|Kompyuterlarda tezkor xotira sifatida foydalaniladigan xotira modullari dizaynining evolyutsion rivojlanishi. Yuqoridan pastga: DIP, SIPP, SIMM 30 pin, SIMM 72 pin, DIMM, DDR DIMM]]
[[Tasvir:Personal computer, exploded 4.svg|thumb|&lt;small&gt;Shaxsiy kompyuterning sxemasi:&lt;br /&gt;
1. [[Monitor tizimi]]&lt;br /&gt;
2. [[Ona plata ]]&lt;br /&gt;
3. [[Protsessor]]&lt;br /&gt;
4. Port [[ATA]]&lt;br /&gt;
5. [[Tezkor xotira]]&lt;br /&gt;
6. [[Kengaytiruvchi kartalar]]&lt;br /&gt;
7. [[Quvvat bloki]]&lt;br /&gt;
8. [[Diskovod]]&lt;br /&gt;
9. [[Qattiq disk]]&lt;br /&gt;
10. [[Klaviatura]]&lt;br /&gt;
11. [[Kompyuter sichqoni|Sichqon]]&lt;/small&gt;]]
'''Tezkor xotira''' yoki '''RAM''' ({{lang-en|random-access memory, RAM}} ) — oʻqish yoki yozish uchun uning manzili boʻyicha istalgan yacheykaga bir vaqtning oʻzida (har doim bir vaqtning oʻzida, joylashuvidan qatʼiy nazar) kirish imkonini beruvchi [[kompyuter]] xotirasining turlaridan biri&lt;ref&gt;[http://citforum.ru/hardware/app_kis/glava_38.shtml Принципы организации основной памяти в современных компьютерах]&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Protsessor]] qisqa vaqt ichida koʻp ishlatiladigan jarayonlarni tezkor xotiraga yuklab oladi va bu kompyuterni ishlashini tezlashtirish uchun xizmat qiladi. Tezkor xotirani asosiy oʻlchov birligi uning xotira hajmi boʻlib, [[kilobayt]], [[megabayt]], [[gigabayt|gigabayt]]larda oʻlchanadi. Tezkor xotira [[chastota|chastota]]si — tezkor xotira shinalaridan maʼlum vaqt ichida oʻtadigan ''maʼlumotlar oqimi'' sonini anglatadi.

[[EHM]]larning dastlabki modellarida yuzlab yoki minglab bit sig‘imli asosiy xotira funksiyasini bajarish uchun rele, kechiktiruvchi xotira qatori yoki har xil turdagi vakuum naychalaridan foydalanilgan&lt;ref&gt;Как повышают производительность компьютеров // Воеводин В. В., Воеводин Вл. В. Параллельные вычисления. — СПб : БХВ-Петербург, 2002. — Гл. 2. — 608 с. — ISBN 5-94157-160-7.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Zamonaviy tezkor xotiraning keng tarqalgan ikkita shakli '''statik RAM''' (SRAM) va '''dinamik RAM''' (DRAM) mavjud. SRAMʼda maʼlumotlarning bir qismi oltita tranzistorli xotira hujayrasining holatidan foydalangan holda, odatda oltita MOSFET (metall-oksid-yarim oʻtkazgichli maydon effektli [[tranzistor]]lar) yordamida saqlanadi. RAMʼning bu shakli ishlab chiqarish qimmatroq boʻlib, biroq odatda tezroq hamda DRAMga qaraganda kamroq dinamik quvvat talab qiladi. Zamonaviy kompyuterlarda SRAM koʻpincha protsessor uchun kesh xotirasi sifatida ishlatiladi&lt;ref&gt;Sze, Simon M. (2002). Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology (2nd ed.). Wiley. p. 214. ISBN 0-471-33372-7.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Hozirgi kunda asosan katta hajmdagi dasturlar, [[Videooʻyin|oʻyinlar]] bilan kompyuterni band qilganda, kompyuterga tushayotgan yuklama asosan tezkor xotiraga tushadi. Bu xotiraning o’lchami dastur va o’yinlarning ishlash tezligiga katta ta’sir ko’rsatadi. Bu [[xotira]] turi vaqtinchalik axborotni o’zida saqlaydi. Dastur yuklanganda dastlab tezkor xotiraga yuklanadi va u yerdan ishga tushadi. Bundan kelib chiqadiki, tezkor xotiraning hajmi qancha katta bo’lsa, bir paytning o’zida bir necha dasturlarni yuklab, ish olib borishingiz mumkin bo’ladi (misol uchun [[musiqa]] eshitib, o’yin o’ynash mumkin).

Biror dasturni ishga tushirib (dastlab tezkor xotiraga yuklab), soʻng bu dasturdan chiqib ketib, ya’na shu dasturni ishga tushirsangiz, dastur yuklanishi biroz tezroq amalga oshiriladi. Chunki [[kompyuter]] dastlab tezkor xotiraga murojaat qiladi, agar yuklangan dastur u yerda mavjud bo’lsa, o’sha yerdan dasturni yuklaydi, aks holda dasturni izlashni boshlaydi.

Tezkor xotira 2 ta asosiy ''xarakteristikaga'' ega va bu xotirani sotib olishda uning hajmi va shu xotira ishlaydigan chastota miqdori inobatga olinadi.
Tezkor xotira chastotasi ishlash tezligini aniqlab beradi. Chastota bu vaqt birligidagi jarayondir. Misol uchun, 600 megagers (MkHz) chastotali tezkor xotira 100 MB ma’lumotni 10 sekunda yuklasa, 1000 megagersli tezkor xotira bu jarayonni 5 sekundda amalga oshiradi.
 
Tezkor xotira koʻrinishi va [[ona plata]] (материнская плата, motherboard)ga oʻrnatilishi boʻyicha bir necha turlarga boʻlinadi. Hozirgi zamon tezkor xotiralariga DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 kiradi:
* '''DDR1''' — maksimal ishlash chastotasi 400 megagersgacha;
* '''DDR2''' — maksimal chastotasi 800 megagersgacha;
* '''DDR3''' — maksimal ishlash chastotasi 1800 megagersgacha.

Har bir tezkor xotira turi o’zining platasiga ega, ya’ni platadagi slot faqat bir turdagi tezkor xotirani qabul qiladi. Misol uchun, DDR1 uchun mo’ljallangan plataga DDR2 ni o’rnatib bo’lmaydi. Chunki har bir tezkor xotira turi oʻzgacha ulanish tishlariga ega. Oʻlchami bir xil boʻlishi mumkin lekin tishlari oʻrtasida farq bor.

Muhim ma’lumotlardan biri shuki, plata shinasini ham tezkor xotirani oʻrnatishda e’tiborga olish, uning chastotasini ham bilib qoʻyish zarur. Bu ma’lumotni kompyuter platasi hujjatidan topishingiz mumkin. Misol uchun, 800 MGʼda ishlaydigan DDR2 tezkor xotirasini 533 MG shinada ishlaydigan plataga qoʻyilsa, tezkor xotira ham 533 MGʼda ishlaydi yaʼni shu chastotaga moslashadi. Agar har xil chastotada ishlaydigan 2 ta tezkor xotirani bir plataga oʻrnatilganda, umumiy ishlash chastotasi kichik bo’lgan chastota bilan bog’liq bo’ladi. Misol tariqasida 1000 MG va 600 MG chastotada ishlaydigan tezkor xotirani bitta plataga oʻrnatilsa, shunda tezkor xotira 600 MGЦ chastota bilan ishlaydi. Tezkor [[xotira]] koʻplab [[oʻyin]] va [[dastur|dastur]]lar uchun javobgardir.

Xotiralar ikki xil boʻladi: 1) [[doimiy xotira]]; 2) tezkor xotira.

== Izohlar ==
[[Turkum:Dastur]]
[[Turkum:Kompyuter]]
[[Turkum:Maʼlumot]]
[[Turkum:Tarmoq]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kuyganyor</title>
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        <id>72290</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5538" sha1="dqwxr6qmlj9bcgxjq25y4rhluo4tno8" xml:space="preserve">== '''Kuyganyor''' ==
{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| oʻzbekcha nomi       = Kuyganyor
| nomi                 = Kuyganyor
| qaram                = Andijon tumani
| mavqe                = [[Shaharcha]] (tuman markazi)
| mamlakat             = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi         = Viloyat
| mintaqa              = Andijon viloyati
| tuman turi           = Tuman
| tuman                = Andijon tumani 40°51'27.5&quot;N 72°18'50.5&quot;E
| gerb                 = 
| bayroq               = 
| lat_dir              = N
| lat_deg              = 40
| lat_min              = 51
| lat_sec              = 27
| lon_dir              = E
| lon_deg              = 72
| lon_min              = 18
| lon_sec              = 50
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 300
| rahbar turi          = Tuman hokimi
| rahbar               = Yo‘ldoshev Boburbek Bahodirovich (1.05.2024 dan buyon)
| asos solingan        = 1978
| rasmiy til           = Oʻzbek
| aholi                = 8 426&lt;ref&gt;[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Population census-1989]&lt;/ref&gt;
| sanalgan yil         = 1989
| milliy tarkib        = [[oʻzbeklar]]
| etnoxronim           = Andijonlik
| vaqt mintaqasi       = +5
| telefon kodi         = +998 74 373
| pochta indeksi       = 170600 -
| pochta indekslari    = 170601
| sayt                 = https://andijontumanihokimligi.uz/ 
https://gov.uz/oz/andijontuman
| koordinatalar        = 40.857353, 72.314114
| avtomobil kodi       = 60-69
}}

'''Kuyganyor —''' [[Andijon viloyati]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;ning [[Andijon (tuman)|Andijon tumani]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;da joylashgan shaharcha. 1978-yilda shaharcha maqomini olgan. Kuyganyor shaharchasi Andijon tumanining maʼmuriy, iqtisodiy va madaniy markazi hisoblanadi.

== Geografik joylashuvi &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://yandex.uz/maps/geo/1508545735/ |sarlavha=Kuyganyor shaharchasi}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Kuyganyor shaharchasi viloyat markazi hisoblanuvchi [[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon shahri]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;dan taxminan 7 km masofada, tumanning shimoli-g‘arbiy qismida joylashgan. Shaharcha hududidan [[Qoradaryo]] daryosi oqib o‘tadi hamda [[Katta Fargʻona kanali|Katta Fargʻona]] kanali tizimi orqali suv taʼminoti amalga oshiriladi.

== Aholisi &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php |sarlavha=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
2001-yilgi maʼlumotlarga ko‘ra, Kuyganyor shaharchasida taxminan 9,2 ming kishi istiqomat qilgan. Aholining asosiy qismini o‘zbeklar tashkil etadi. Shuningdek, ruslar, tojiklar, qirg‘izlar va boshqa millat vakillari ham yashaydi.

== Nomining kelib chiqishi &lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |title=O‘zbеkiston joy nomlarining izohli lug‘ati [Matn]: lug‘at / tuzuvchilar R.Y.Xudoyberganov [va boshq.]. – Toshkent: Donishmand ziyosi, 2022. – 624 |archive-url=https://akbt.urdu.uz/uz/books/22240|format=https://uztrj.uz/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/12-O‘zbekiston-joy-nomlarining-izohli-lugati-1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
“Kuyganyor” toponimining kelib chiqishi haqida bir nechta talqinlar mavjud. Baʼzi manbalarda u “kuygan jar” maʼnosini anglatishi qayd etiladi. Bu yerda “yor” so‘zi adabiy tildagi “jar” so‘zining dialektal shakli sifatida izohlanadi.

== Taʼlim va ilmiy muassasalar &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://andqxai.uz/ |sarlavha=Аndijon qishloq xo‘jaligi va agrotexnologiyalar instituti}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://ddeiti.uz/ |sarlavha=Don va dukkakli ekinlar ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Kuyganyorda [[Andijon qishloq xoʻjaligi va agrotexnologiyalar instituti]] joylashgan. Mazkur oliy taʼlim muassasasi 1964-yil iyun oyida [[„Toshkent irrigatsiya va qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash muhandislari instituti“ milliy tadqiqot universiteti|Toshkent irrigatsiya va qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash muhandislari instituti]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;ning Andijon filiali bazasida Andijon paxtachilik instituti nomi bilan tashkil etilgan.

Shaharchada, shuningdek [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qishloq xoʻjaligi vazirligi]] tizimiga kiruvchi [[Andijon ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish markazi]] huzuridagi [[Sug‘oriladigan yerlarda g‘alla va dukkakli ekinlar ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti]] faoliyat yuritgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2014-yil 10-fevraldagi “O‘zbekiston qishloq xo‘jaligi ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish markazi faoliyatini takomillashtirish to‘g‘risida”gi PQ-2125-son qarori bilan “Don va dukkakli ekinlar ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti”ga o‘zgartirilgan Institutda don ekinlari seleksiyasi, agrotexnika, urug‘chilik, agrokimyo, o‘simliklarni himoya qilish, iqtisodiyot va boshqa yo‘nalishlarda ilmiy bo‘limlar mavjud.

== Ijtimoiy infratuzilma ==
Kuyganyor shaharchasida Andijon tumani maʼmuriy organlari, shifoxonalar, maktabgacha taʼlim tashkilotlari, umumiy o‘rta taʼlim maktablari, kasb-hunar maktablari hamda Andijon tumani ixtisoslashtirilgan maktabi faoliyat yuritadi.

Shuningdek shaharchada quyidagi obyektlar mavjud:

* Kuyganyor nasos stansiyasi
* Aloqa uyi
* “Xotira maydoni”
* [[Ikkinchi Jahon urushi|Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] qurbonlari xotirasiga bag‘ishlangan yodgorlik
* Yoshlar madaniyat va istirohat bog‘i

== Transport ==
Avvallari Andijon [[trolleybus]] tizimi orqali Andijon shahri bilan trolleybus hamda 77-sonli avtobus qatnovi mavjud bo‘lgan. Hozirgi vaqtda esa shaharcha orqali Andijon shahriga 394-sonli avtobus va marshrutlar qatnaydi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{OʻzME}}
{{Andijon viloyati}}
{{Andijon viloyati aholi punktlari}}

[[Turkum:Andijon tumani shahar tipidagi aholi punktlari]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5516" sha1="6hk5n4nm0n9yg1lwypljaqtjfzodfuj" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| oʻzbekcha nomi       = Kuyganyor
| nomi                 = Kuyganyor
| qaram                = Andijon tumani
| mavqe                = [[Shaharcha]] (tuman markazi)
| mamlakat             = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi         = Viloyat
| mintaqa              = Andijon viloyati
| tuman turi           = Tuman
| tuman                = Andijon tumani 40°51'27.5&quot;N 72°18'50.5&quot;E
| gerb                 = 
| bayroq               = 
| lat_dir              = N
| lat_deg              = 40
| lat_min              = 51
| lat_sec              = 27
| lon_dir              = E
| lon_deg              = 72
| lon_min              = 18
| lon_sec              = 50
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 300
| rahbar turi          = Tuman hokimi
| rahbar               = Yo‘ldoshev Boburbek Bahodirovich (1.05.2024 dan buyon)
| asos solingan        = 1978
| rasmiy til           = Oʻzbek
| aholi                = 8 426&lt;ref&gt;[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php Population census-1989]&lt;/ref&gt;
| sanalgan yil         = 1989
| milliy tarkib        = [[oʻzbeklar]]
| etnoxronim           = Andijonlik
| vaqt mintaqasi       = +5
| telefon kodi         = +998 74 373
| pochta indeksi       = 170600 -
| pochta indekslari    = 170601
| sayt                 = https://andijontumanihokimligi.uz/ 
https://gov.uz/oz/andijontuman
| koordinatalar        = 40.857353, 72.314114
| avtomobil kodi       = 60-69
}}

'''Kuyganyor —''' [[Andijon viloyati]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;ning [[Andijon (tuman)|Andijon tumani]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;da joylashgan shaharcha. 1978-yilda shaharcha maqomini olgan. Kuyganyor shaharchasi Andijon tumanining maʼmuriy, iqtisodiy va madaniy markazi hisoblanadi.

== Geografik joylashuvi &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://yandex.uz/maps/geo/1508545735/ |sarlavha=Kuyganyor shaharchasi}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Kuyganyor shaharchasi viloyat markazi hisoblanuvchi [[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon shahri]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;dan taxminan 7 km masofada, tumanning shimoli-g‘arbiy qismida joylashgan. Shaharcha hududidan [[Qoradaryo]] daryosi oqib o‘tadi hamda [[Katta Fargʻona kanali|Katta Fargʻona]] kanali tizimi orqali suv taʼminoti amalga oshiriladi.

== Aholisi &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php |sarlavha=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
2001-yilgi maʼlumotlarga ko‘ra, Kuyganyor shaharchasida taxminan 9,2 ming kishi istiqomat qilgan. Aholining asosiy qismini o‘zbeklar tashkil etadi. Shuningdek, ruslar, tojiklar, qirg‘izlar va boshqa millat vakillari ham yashaydi.

== Nomining kelib chiqishi &lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |title=O‘zbеkiston joy nomlarining izohli lug‘ati [Matn]: lug‘at / tuzuvchilar R.Y.Xudoyberganov [va boshq.]. – Toshkent: Donishmand ziyosi, 2022. – 624 |archive-url=https://akbt.urdu.uz/uz/books/22240|format=https://uztrj.uz/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/12-O‘zbekiston-joy-nomlarining-izohli-lugati-1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
“Kuyganyor” toponimining kelib chiqishi haqida bir nechta talqinlar mavjud. Baʼzi manbalarda u “kuygan jar” maʼnosini anglatishi qayd etiladi. Bu yerda “yor” so‘zi adabiy tildagi “jar” so‘zining dialektal shakli sifatida izohlanadi.

== Taʼlim va ilmiy muassasalar &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://andqxai.uz/ |sarlavha=Аndijon qishloq xo‘jaligi va agrotexnologiyalar instituti}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://ddeiti.uz/ |sarlavha=Don va dukkakli ekinlar ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Kuyganyorda [[Andijon qishloq xoʻjaligi va agrotexnologiyalar instituti]] joylashgan. Mazkur oliy taʼlim muassasasi 1964-yil iyun oyida [[„Toshkent irrigatsiya va qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash muhandislari instituti“ milliy tadqiqot universiteti|Toshkent irrigatsiya va qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash muhandislari instituti]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;ning Andijon filiali bazasida Andijon paxtachilik instituti nomi bilan tashkil etilgan.

Shaharchada, shuningdek [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qishloq xoʻjaligi vazirligi]] tizimiga kiruvchi [[Andijon ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish markazi]] huzuridagi [[Sug‘oriladigan yerlarda g‘alla va dukkakli ekinlar ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti]] faoliyat yuritgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2014-yil 10-fevraldagi “O‘zbekiston qishloq xo‘jaligi ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish markazi faoliyatini takomillashtirish to‘g‘risida”gi PQ-2125-son qarori bilan “Don va dukkakli ekinlar ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti”ga o‘zgartirilgan Institutda don ekinlari seleksiyasi, agrotexnika, urug‘chilik, agrokimyo, o‘simliklarni himoya qilish, iqtisodiyot va boshqa yo‘nalishlarda ilmiy bo‘limlar mavjud.

== Ijtimoiy infratuzilma ==
Kuyganyor shaharchasida Andijon tumani maʼmuriy organlari, shifoxonalar, maktabgacha taʼlim tashkilotlari, umumiy o‘rta taʼlim maktablari, kasb-hunar maktablari hamda Andijon tumani ixtisoslashtirilgan maktabi faoliyat yuritadi.

Shuningdek shaharchada quyidagi obyektlar mavjud:

* Kuyganyor nasos stansiyasi
* Aloqa uyi
* “Xotira maydoni”
* [[Ikkinchi Jahon urushi|Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] qurbonlari xotirasiga bag‘ishlangan yodgorlik
* Yoshlar madaniyat va istirohat bog‘i

== Transport ==
Avvallari Andijon [[trolleybus]] tizimi orqali Andijon shahri bilan trolleybus hamda 77-sonli avtobus qatnovi mavjud bo‘lgan. Hozirgi vaqtda esa shaharcha orqali Andijon shahriga 394-sonli avtobus va marshrutlar qatnaydi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{OʻzME}}
{{Andijon viloyati}}
{{Andijon viloyati aholi punktlari}}

[[Turkum:Andijon tumani shahar tipidagi aholi punktlari]]</text>
      <sha1>6hk5n4nm0n9yg1lwypljaqtjfzodfuj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kuydirgi</title>
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      <text bytes="4607" sha1="iy42clibwgf49jh4ytvpapbzr9ism0l" xml:space="preserve">'''Kuydirgi''' — odam va hayvonlarda uchraydigan oʻtkir yuqumli kasallik; zoonoz kasalliklar guruhiga kiradi. Kasallik qadimdan maʼlum. Gippokrat ham bu haqda yozib qoldirgan. K. qoʻzgʻatuvchisi — Bacillus anthracis — spora hosil qiladigan harakatsiz tayoqcha. Sporalar juda chidamli boʻlib, suvda yillab, tuproqda oʻn yillab (20—30 yil va undan ortiq) saqlanishi mumkin.

Odamga kasal hayvonlardan — [[hayvon]]ni soʻyish, goʻshtini nimtalash vaqtida, shuningdek, suv, tuproq, chorva-chilik mahsulotlari orqali yuqadi. Odatda, kasallik shu soha xodimlarida, yaʼni hayvonlar bilan bevosita muloqotda boʻladigan kishilarda koʻproq kuzatiladi. Infeksiya sogʻlom odam organizmiga nafas yoʻllari, teri va ogʻiz orqali tushishi mumkin. Odamda K.ning oʻpkaga, ichakka, teriga zarar yetkazadigan va infeksiya — qonga oʻtib tarqa-ladigan septik xillari uchraydi. Kasallik alomatlari ham zararlangan aʼzolarga qarab turlicha boʻladi. K.ning teri shaklida K. qoʻzgʻatuvchisi zararlangan teri orqali kiradi. Bu shaklda yashirin (inkubatsion) davr 2—3 kun. Terining infeksiya kirgan sohasida dastlab boʻrtma (papula) paydo boʻla-di, u loyqa yoki qonli suyuqlik bilan toʻlgan pufakcha (pustoʻla)ga aylanadi. Pufakcha tez orada yorilib, qora qoʻtir boʻladi. Atrofida yangi pufakchalar hosil boʻlib, qora qoʻtir kattalashadi, uning tagida ogʻrimaydigan shish koʻzga tashlanadi. Odatda, shu jarohatni &quot;kuy-dirgi xoʻppozi&quot; deb ataladi. U koʻpincha yuz sohasi, bilak, boʻyin yoki oyoqda boʻladi. Bunda gavda temperaturasi koʻtarili-shi, [[bosh ogʻrigʻi]], darmonsizlik, uyqu-sizlik va hokazo kuzatiladi. Oradan 2—3 hafta oʻtgach, bemor tuzala boshlaydi. Oʻ p k a K.sida toʻsatdan isitma koʻtarilib, yoʻtal tutadi, qonli balgʻam kela-di, bemorning koʻkrak sohasi ogʻriydi, nafas olishi qiyinlashadi. Ichak K.si ovqatdan zaharlanishga oʻxshab boshlanadi, bemor koʻngli aynib, qusa-di, qorni qattiq ogʻriydi, ichi dam boʻladi. K.ning oʻpka va ichak shakllari juda kam uchraydi. Davolash maqsadida penitsilin va K. gammaglobulini qoʻllanadi. Profilaktika maqsadida mollar bilan muloqotda boʻladigan kasbdagilar: chorvadorlar, qassoblar, teri oshlovchilar K.ga qarshi vaksiva bilan emlanadi.

Hayvonlarda (ayniqsa, ot, qora-mol, qoʻy, echki, bugʻu) uchraydi, septitsemiya, teri osti toʻqimalari va boshqa ichki organlarga qon quyilishi va infiltrat yigʻilishi bilan kechadi. Inku-batsion davri hayvonlarda 1—3 kun. Hayvonlarga yem-xashak, iflos suv va havo, shuningdek, qon soʻruvchi hasha-rotlar, soʻva, pashsha va boshqa orqali yuqadi. Kasallik qoʻzgʻatuvchi tashqi muhitdan organizmga tushgandan keyin qon va limfaga oʻtib rivojlanadi va umumiy septitsemiyani chaqiradi, qonda oʻz at-rofida qobiq paydo qilib, koʻp miqdorda toksin ishlab chiqaradi. Tez rivojlanib koʻpaygan [[Mikroorganizmlar|mikroblar]] teri osti va boshqa toʻqimalarda shishlar paydo qiladi, toksinlar esa qon tomirlarining oʻtkazuvchanligini oshirib, butun ichki organ va toʻqimalarda qon quyilishiga olib keladi, qon aylanishi sekinlashadi.

== Klinik belgilari ==
Kasallikning yashirin davri 1 —3 kun davom etadi. Mikrobning organizmga qayerdan kirishiga qarab teri (korbunkulyoz), ichak formalari boʻladi. Kasallikni oʻtkir holatlarida hayvon bir necha soat ichida (hatto 1 soat ichida) oʻladi. Hay-vonning burun, ogʻiz teshiklaridan qon aralash koʻpik, orqa teshikdan qora rangdagi qon oqadi, harorati 41—42° ga koʻtiriladi, nafas olish va yurak urishi tezlashadi, holsizlanadi, ish-taha yoʻqoladi va koʻpincha yotadi. Kasallikning ichak turlarida oshqozon, ichak organlari faoliyati boʻziladi va oʻlgandan keyin ham orqa va boshqa tabiiy teshiklaridan qon oqadi. K. bilan kasallangan hayvonni bilmasdan soʻyganda qoni qop-qora boʻlib, ivimaydi. Bu kasallikdan gumon qilingan hayvonni soʻyish mumkin emas, chunki organizmdagi kapsula holatidagi, tez oʻldirib boʻladigan mikrob tashqi, kislorodli muhitga tushishi bilan juda chidamli spora turiga aylanadi va tuproqda 100 yilgacha saqlanib qoladi.

Tashxis epizootologik, klinik belgilarga asosan qoʻyilib, lab. tekshiruviga asosan tasdiqlanadi.

== Davolash ==
K.ga maxsus giperimmun qon zardobi, gamma-globulin va antibiotiklardan penitsillin ishlatiladi.

== Oldini olish ==
Kasal hayvonlar yakkalab qoʻyiladi, otxona, molxona, qoʻyxona, yem-xashak, asbob-anjomlar, shuningdek, goʻng dezinfeksiya qilinadi. Yaylovlar haydaladi. K.dan oʻlgan hayvonlar kuydiriladi yoki maxsus belgi qoʻyib yormasdan koʻmilib, ustiga xlorli ohak quyiladi. K. qayd etilgan joylarda sogʻlom hayvonlar emlanadi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oyna (jurnal)</title>
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      <comment>Jurnal Nomi Oyna emas Oyina bo'lgan</comment>
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      <text bytes="10652" sha1="jv7pnoskkzy1qhu9f0ygdy8f8lexu8v" xml:space="preserve">{{Gazeta bilgiqutisi
| nomi                     = Oyna (jurnal)
| shior                    =
| logo                     =
| tasvir                   = Oyna.jpg
| izoh                     = 
| turi                     = ijtimoiy siyosiy
| formati                  = Haftalik nashr
| asoschi                  = [[Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy]]
| asos solingan            = [[1913-yil]] 20-avgust
| nashrning toʻxtatilishi  = [[1915-yil]] 15-iyun
| narxi                    = 
| tegishlilik              = 
| prezident                =
| noshir                   = 
| bosh muharrir            = Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy
| siyosiyligi              = 
| tili                     = [[O'zbek]], [[fors]]
| adadi                    = 400-600 nusxa
| bosh ofisi               = [[Samarqand]]
| vebsayt                  = 
}}{{Maʼnolari|Oyna (maʼnolari)}}
'''Oyina''' – oʻzbek tilidagi dastlab tashkil etilgan jurnal hisoblanadi
Uning 1-soni 1913-yil 20-avgustda nashr etilgan. Jurnalning bosmaxona va bosh ofisi [[Samarqand|Samarqandda]] joylashgan. Nashrning nomlanishi muqovada – arab, oʻzbek, fors va rus tillarida yozilgan: „Mir’ot“, „Koʻzgu“, „Oyina“ va „Zerkalo“&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=eng birinchisi va yaxshisi…&quot; |url=https://www.oyina.uz/uz/article/108 |qaralgan sana=2022-08-17 |arxivsana=2022-09-30 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930043330/http://oyina.uz/uz/article/108 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://zarnews.uz/uz/post/milliy-matbuot-fidoyisiMilliy matbuot fidoyisi]{{Oʻlikhavola|date=noyabr 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://n.ziyouz.com/portal-haqida/xarita/uzbek-nasri/mahmudxo-ja-behbudiy-1875-1919Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy (1875—1919)]{{Oʻlikhavola|date=noyabr 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; shakllarida.&quot;Oyina&quot; jurnaliga [[Turkiston]] [[Jadidlar|jadidlarining]] rahnomasi – [[Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy]] tomonidan asos solingan va uning muharrirligida faoliyat koʻrsatgan. Jurnal har hafta nashr qilinib, har bir soni 24 sahifadan iborat boʻlgan.  Bu xususiy tipdagi jurnal boʻlib, 400—600 nusxada toshbosma usulida chop qilingan, muxlislar orasida obuna va chakana savdo yoʻli bilan tarqalgan. „Oyina“ avvaliga haftada 1-marta 24 sahifada nashr etilgan boʻlsa, keyinroq 15 kunda 1-marta 35 sahifada chiqarila boshlagan. Jurnal uchun materiallar „Bayoni hol“, „Samarqand xabarlari“, „Axbori jahon“, „Reklama“ nomli doimiy ruknlar ostida chop etilgan. Jurnalning bir qancha xorijiy Sharq mamlakatlarida ham muxlislari boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;[https://n.ziyouz.com/portal-haqida/xarita/uzbek-nasri/mahmudxo-ja-behbudiy-1875-1919Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy (1875—1919)]{{Oʻlikhavola|date=noyabr 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Fayl:Oyna jurnali nashryoti.jpg|220px|thumb|Bu binoda „Samarqand“ gazetasi, „Oyna“ jurnali chop etilgan, — deydi Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti oʻqituvchisi Dilafroʻz Rahmatova. – Shuningdek, „Padarkush“ dramasi ham ilk bor shu bino hovlisida sahnalashtirilgan&lt;ref&gt;[https://xs.uz/uz/post/samarqandda-mahmudkhozha-behbudij-uj-muzeji-ochildiSamarqandda Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy uy-muzeyi ochildi]&lt;/ref&gt;.]]
== Faoliyati ==
„Oyna“ oʻqish uchun qulay formatda edi va anʼanaviy arab yozuviga asoslangan. Oxirgi sahifalari rus tilidagi reklama va maʼlumotlar uchun ajratilgan. Jurnalning birinchi sonida Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiyning  „Ikki emas, turt til lozim“ nomli maqolasi bosilgan. Jurnalni chiqarishda M. Behbudiyga samarqandlik iqtidorli qalamkashlar: [[Saidrizo Alizoda]], Rojiy, Hoji Muinlar koʻmaklashganlar. Jurnalda chetdan maktab, madrasa muallimlari, elga tanilgan adiblar, ilm axllari hamkorlik qilganlar. M. Behbudiy noshirlik, muharrirlik vazifalarini ado etish bilan birga, jurnalning qariyb har bir sonida dolzarb mavzulardagi sermazmun, sara maqolalar bilan koʻrinib turgan. Behbudiy Samarqand viloyati harbiy gubernatoriga yozgan arizasida jurnalni [[Oʻzbek tili|oʻzbek]], [[Tojik tili|tojik]] va [[Rus tili|rus tilida]] chiqarishga izn soʻragan. Lekin mustamlakachilar tilida faqat eʼlonlar berilgan. Aftidan, ruschani ham qoʻshgani Behbudiyning arzi ijobiy hal boʻlishida muhim rol oʻynagan&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.oyina.uz/uz/article/108&quot;Jurnallarning eng birinchisi va yaxshisi…&quot;]{{Oʻlikhavola|date=mart 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. M. Behbudiy va uning jadid safdoshlari Turkistonning milliy va diniy zaminda taraqqiy etmogʻini koʻzlaganlar. Shu bois oʻlka taraqqiyotining jadidlar nazarda tutgan bu ikki asosiy yoʻnalishiga daxldor muammolar „Oyna“ jurnalining ham diqqat markazida turgan. Jurnalning 47-sonidan boshlab foto illyustratsiyalar sahifalarda aks eta boshlagan. Ushbu fotolarning koʻpchiligini Samarqand shahrining meʼmoriy yodgorliklari, M.Behbudiy sayohati davomida toʻxtagan joylar tashkil qilgan. Rasmlar orasida  &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Ismoil Gaspirali|Ismoil Gasprinskiyning]] bir qancha fotosuratlari ham boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi |last1=Алимова |first1=Д |title=Махмудходжа Бехбудий и его Самаркандский журнал «Ойна» |journal=Самарқанд шаҳрининг умумбашарий маданий тараққиёт тарихида тутган ўрни |date=2007 |page= |url=https://n.ziyouz.com/books/tarixiy/Samarqand%20shahrining%20umumbashariy%20madaniy%20taraqqiyot%20tarixida%20tutgan%20o'rni.pdf |accessdate=23-sentabr 2023-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Behbudiy arab mamlakatlariga qilgan sayohat xotiralarini &quot;„Xotiralar“ nomi ostida jurnalning 1914-yilgi sonlarida izma-iz nashr ettirib borgan&lt;ref&gt;{{kitob manbasi |last1=Xayrullayev |first1=M |title=Ma'naviyat yulduzlari |date=1999 |publisher=A.Qodiriy nomidagi xalq merosi nashriyoti |location=Toshkent |isbn=5-86484-072-6 |page=359 |accessdate=23-sentabr 2023-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Maqsadi ==
Turkistondagi tub aholini zamonaviy ilmu urfondan, maʼrifatdan bahramand etish maqsadida nashr qilingan. „Oyna“ jurnalining asosiy diqqatni oʻlkadagi milliy taʼlim tizimini yangilashga yoʻnaltirgan. Jurnal sahifalarida chop qilingan materiallarning aksariyati maorifga aloqador boʻlib u jamoatchilik oʻrtasida ham diniy, ham dunyoviy ilmlarni oʻrgatuvchi yangi „usuli jadid“ maktablarini tashviq qildi, bunday maktablar uchun darsliklar, bilimdon muallimlar tayyorlash va-zifasini eslatib turdi, milliy oʻzlikni anglash muammolariga katta eʼtibor berdi.

Vatanparvarlik, millatparvarlik gʻoyalarini, betakror tarixiy madaniy merosimizni keng targʻib qilish – „Oyna“ ning muhim xususiyatidir. Bu fazilatni M. Behbudiy qalamiga mansub „Turkiston“, „Samarqandda Sherdor madrasasi“, „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Ulugʻbek rasadxonasi]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“, „Sart soʻzi majhuldir“, „Sayohat xotiralari“ va boshqa maqolalardan yaqqol his etish mumkin. „Oyna“ milliy tilga doir maqolalarida jamoatchilikni milliy tilni taraqqiy ettirishga, uning sofligini asrashga daʼvat etib, „har millat oʻz tili ila faxr etar“, deya uqtirgan. Oyna jurnalida [[Hindiston]] universitetlarida tahsil olayotgan [[Qozon]] va [[Buxoro|Buxorodan]] borgan  musulmonlarning maktublari eʼlon qilingan boʻlib, bu jurnalning tarqalish doirasi keng ekanligini koʻrsatadi. Maktubda jurnalni nashr etishni davom ettirish haqidagi iltimos ham bor edi&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;. Jurnalda [[1902|1902-yildagi]] aholini roʻyxatga olish maʼlumotlari ham keltirilgan.

== Yopilishi ==
„Oyna“ jurnali tahririyati faoliyati doimiy nazoratda saqlangan. Oʻzbekiston Markaziy davlat arxivida bizga dalil boʻlgulik koʻpgina hujjatlar bor. Masalan, Turkiston harbiy okrugining shtab boshligʻi imzosi bilan Samarqand viloyat harbiy gubernatoriga 1914-yil 19-avgust kuni 100-raqamli xat yuborilgan. Mazmuni shundan iboratki, birinchi jahon urushi davrida „mahalliy matbuotda Rossiya manfaatiga zid maqolalar paydo boʻlishi mumkinligi bois“ Turkiston harbiy senzurasi Samarqanddagi nashrlarni nazorat qilib turishni shtabs-kapitan Otayevga topshiradi. „Oyina“ jurnali korrekturasi uchun koʻchirma (ottisk)dan jurnal bosmadan chiqishiga ikki kun qolguncha yuborilishi bosh muharrir zimmasiga yuklatiladi. Behbudiyni harbiy okrugga chaqirtirib, ushbu „oʻta maxfiy xat“ ostiga „Oʻqidim va maʼlumot uchun qabul qildim“, deya imzo chektirishgan. „Oyna“ jurnali muharriri va noshirini turli yoʻllar bilan taʼqib qiladilar. Masalan, Turkistondagi urf-odatlar, jadid maktablari, oʻzgarishlarni oʻrganayotgan missioner G.Andreyev Behbudiy va uning „Oyna“si haqida ketma-ket ikkita maqola yozadi. Birinchisida muharrir bilan suhbat qurib, fikrlarini beradi, lekin past nazar bilan qaragani „tureskiy targash“ deganidan yaqqol bilinadi. Ikkinchi maqolasida esa „Oyna“ning 1915-yil 1 (53) – sonini oʻz nuqtayi nazari, yaʼni mustamlakachi sifatida batafsil sharhlaydi, jurnal sahifalari „zerikarli“ maqolalarga toʻla ekanini aytadi. Qisqasi, muallif Behbudiyning publisistik hamda muharrirlik faoliyatiga noxolis yondashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=eng birinchisi va yaxshisi…&quot; |url=https://www.oyina.uz/uz/article/108 |qaralgan sana=2022-08-17 |arxivsana=2022-09-30 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930043330/http://oyina.uz/uz/article/108 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Baʼzi tadqiqotchilar „Oyna“ nashr etilgandan bir yil oʻtib taqiqlangan degan fikr bildirashadi. Biroq, „Oyna“ning 49-sonida muharrirlar oʻz oʻquvchilarini jurnal yopilishi haqida birinchi marta ogohlantirishgan.  Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiyning „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkestanskiye vedomosti|Туркестанские ведомости]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ nashri muharriri G.Andreyevga quyidagi maʼlumotlarni ochiqlagan:

{{Quote|O'tgan yili men 300 obunachini hisobladim va nashrning ikkinchi yilining boshiga kelib, ulardan bor-yo‘g‘i 200 tasi qolgan, o‘shanda ham Farg‘ona eng ko‘p obunachi (100 dan ortiq), bizning Samarqand viloyati esa 50 ga yaqin obunachini beradi&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi |last1=Андреев |first1=Г |title=Самаркандский журнал «Ойна» и его редактор-издатель Махмуд-Ходжа Бехбудий |journal=Туркестанские ведомости. |date=17-sentyabr 1915-yil|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.}}

Oxirgi sonlardan birida muharrirlar eʼlon berib, unda senzura tufayli jurnalning nashr etilishi kechikayotganini tushuntiradi.

„Oyna“ 1915-yilning 15-iyuniga qadar nashr qilingan. Jami 68 ta soni chiqqan.&lt;ref&gt;[[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}


{{OʻzME}}


{{chala}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston gazetalari]]
[[Turkum:Fors tilidagi gazetalar]]</text>
      <sha1>jv7pnoskkzy1qhu9f0ygdy8f8lexu8v</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pareto Vilfredo</title>
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      <text bytes="11669" sha1="6yn4m5trq36tf905e0mhk3vzwseg9na" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
|ismi            = Vilfredo Pareto
|rasmi          = Vilfredo Pareto 1870s2.jpg
|sarlavha       = Pareto, 1870-yillarda
|birth_name       = Wilfried Fritz Pareto
|tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date|1848|7|15|df=y}}
|tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[Parij]], [[Fransiya]]
|vafot_sanasi     = {{Death date and age|1923|8|19|1848|7|15|df=y}}
|vafot_joyi       = [[Céligny]], Shveysariya
|soha             = {{plainlist|
* [[Mikroiqtisodiyot]]
* [[Sotsioiqtisodiyot]]
}}
|alma_mater       = [[Turin Politexnika Universiteti]]
}}
[[File:Vilfredo Pareto signature.png|Vilfredo Pareto signature|260px|thumb|''Pareto imzosi'']]
PARETO (Pareto) Vilfredo (1848.15.7, Parij — 1923.20.8, Semi-ni, Jeneva yaqinida) — italyan iqtisodchisi va sotsiologi, iqtisodiy nazariyadagi matematika maktabi vakili, marjinalizmning „Lozanna maktabi“ anʼanalarining davomchisi. 1893— 1906-yillarda Lozanna untida iqtisodis professor P. siyosiy iqtisod kishilarnim ehtiyojlari bilan ularni qondirishnsh cheklangan vositalari oʻrtasidagi m vozanatni belgilaydigan mexanizm! i oʻrganishi kerak, buning uchun matematik va statistik tahlil usullart.i qoʻllash zarur, deb qaraydi. Daromadlarning taqsimlanishi, farovonlikning iqtisodiy nazariyasi toʻgʻrisidagi „Pareto qonuni“ni taʼriflab bergan. Marksizmga va inqilobiy harakatlarga dushmanlik koʻzi bilan qaragan. Naflikning anʼanaviy miqdoriy oʻlchash usullaridan voz kechib, „ijtimoiy maksimal naflilik“ („Pareto optimumi“) tushunchasini kiritdi. U funksional yondoshuv asosida ayir-boshlashning birdan-bir sababi naflilik (ehtiyoj) degan qoidadan voz kechib, iqtisodiy tizimni butunligicha izohlashga oʻtdi, talab va taklifga iqtisodiyotni muvozanatlovchi unsurlar sifatida qaradi.

Asosiy asarlari 2 jildli „Siyosiy iqtisod kursi“ (1896—99), „Siyosiy iqtisod darsligi“ (1906), „Umumiy [[sotsiologiya]] boʻyicha traktat“ (1916) va boshqa &lt;ref&gt;[[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iqtisodiy tushunchalari ==
=== Maksimal iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Pareto nazariyasi ===
Pareto eʼtiborini iqtisodiy masalalarga qaratdi va u erkin savdoning tarafdori boʻldi, bu esa uni Italiyaning hukumat siyosati bilan ziddiyatga solgan. Uning yozuvlari Léon Walrasning iqtisodiyot asosan matematik va tabiiy fan ekanligi gʻoyalarini aks ettiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Pareto |first1=Vilfredo |title=Cours d'économie politique professé à l'Université de Lausanne |volume=1 |publisher=F. Rouge |location=Lausanne |page=iii |date=1896}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U iqtisodiyotga mexanika bilan analogiya qilishga harakat qildi, sof (va amaliy) iqtisodiyotni sof (va amaliy) mexanikaga bogʻlab&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Pareto |first1=Vilfredo |date=1907 |title=Manuel d'économie politique |location=Paris |publisher=Giard &amp; Brière |pages=147}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki fanni solishtiruvchi moslik jadvalini taqdim etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Pareto |first1=Vilfredo |date=1897 |title=Cours d'économie politique professé à l'Université de Lausanne |volume=2|publisher=F. Rouge |location=Lausanne |pages=12–13 |url=https://archive.org/details/fp-0148-2/page/12/mode/2up}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Glötzl |first1=Erhard |last2=Glötzl |first2=Florentin |last3=Richters |first3=Oliver |title=From constrained optimization to constrained dynamics: extending analogies between economics and mechanics |journal=Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination |volume=14 |pages=623–642 |date=2019 |issue=3 |doi=10.1007/s11403-019-00252-7 |hdl=10419/171974 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=McLure |first1=Michael |last2=Samuels |first2=Warren J. |date=2001 |title=Pareto, economics and society the mechanical analogy |publisher=Routledge |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pareto „Lozana maktabi“ning yetakchilaridan biri boʻldi va Neoklassik inqilobning ikkinchi avlodini ifodalaydi. Uning umumiy muvozanat nazariyasidagi „taʼb va toʻsiqlar“ yondashuvi 1930-yillardagi buyuk „Paretian Revival“ davrida qayta jonlandi va nazariy iqtisodiyotga taʼsir koʻrsatdi&lt;ref&gt;Cirillo, Renato (1978) ''The Economics of Vilfredo Pareto''&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning ''Siyosiy Iqtisodiyot Qoʻllanmasi'' (1906) asosan „maqsadlar va cheklovlar“ boʻyicha individual masalalarning yechimlari nuqtai nazaridan muvozanatga qaratilgan edi. U Edgeworth (1881)ning befarqlik egri chizigʻidan keng foydalanib, isteʼmolchi nazariyasida va, yana bir katta yangilik sifatida, ishlab chiqaruvchi nazariyasida ishlatdi. U hozir „Edgeworth-Bowley“ qutisi deb nomlanuvchi savdo qutisini birinchi boʻlib taqdim etdi&lt;ref&gt;Mclure, Michael (2001) [https://www.questia.com/read/102813057
 ''Pareto, Economics and Society: The Mechanical Analogy''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504090948/http://www.questia.com/read/102813057
 |date=4 May 2012 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pareto birinchi boʻlib kardinal foydalilikni (cardinal utility) bekor qilish mumkinligini anglab yetdi va iqtisodiy muvozanatni tartibiy foydalilik (ordinal utility) nuqtai nazaridan tasavvur qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;Aspers&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Aspers |first=Patrik |title=Crossing the Boundary of Economics and Sociology: The Case of Vilfredo Pareto |journal=The American Journal of Economics and Sociology |date=April 2001 |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=519–545 |jstor=3487932 |doi=10.1111/1536-7150.00073 |url=https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/260702/1/01_Pareto_AJES.pdf
 |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105222435/https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/260702/1/01_Pareto_AJES.pdf
 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ya’ni, odamning bu yoki boshqa narsani qancha qadrlashini bilish shart emas edi, faqat u X ni Y ga afzal ko‘rishini bilish kifoya edi. Foydalilik — bu afzal ko‘rish tartibi edi. Shu bilan Pareto nafaqat zamonaviy mikroiqtisodiyotning asosini qo‘ydi, balki iqtisodiyot va utilitaristik falsafaning ittifoqiga qarshi chiqdi, bu esa eng ko‘p foyda eng ko‘p odamga berilishi kerakligini ta’kidlaydi; Pareto esa ''yaxshilik'' o‘lchanmasligini aytdi. U buni Pareto-optimaligi tushunchasi bilan almashtirdi, ya’ni tizimda hech kimni yomonlashtirmasdan hech kimni yaxshiroq qilish mumkin bo‘lmagan paytda tizim maksimal iqtisodiy qoniqish holatida bo‘ladi. Pareto optimaligi farovonlik iqtisodiyoti va o‘yin nazariyasida keng qo‘llaniladi. Standart teorema shuni bildiradiki, mukammal raqobatbardosh bozor boylik taqsimotini Pareto optimal darajada yaratadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/00220485.1991.10844705 |jstor=1182422 |title=How Well Do We Know Pareto Optimality? |journal=The Journal of Economic Education |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=172–178 |year=2014 |last1=Mathur |first1=Vijay K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Tushunchalari ===
Pareto ishi asosida ba’zi iqtisodiy tushunchalar 21-asrda ham ishlatilmoqda. Pareto diagrammasi muammo sabablarini kattaligiga qarab ko‘rsatish uchun ishlatiladigan maxsus [[histogram]] turidir. Bu statistika vositasi Pareto printsipi yoki 80–20 qoidani grafik tarzda namoyish qiladi. Pareto printsipi daromad taqsimotiga tegishli bo‘lsa, Pareto taqsimoti matematik ifodasi sifatida ishlatiladi va, boshqa narsalardan tashqari, Pareto qonunini amalga oshiradi; Ofelimity esa sof iqtisodiy qoniqish o‘lchovi hisoblanadi. Pareto indeksi daromad taqsimotidagi tengsizlikni o‘lchaydi. Pareto barcha mamlakatlarda va barcha davrlarda daromad va boylik taqsimoti juda egri ekanini, bir necha kishilar ko‘pchilik boylikka egalik qilishini ta’kidlagan. U barcha kuzatilgan jamiyatlar muntazam logarifmik naqshni kuzatishini aytgan:&lt;math&gt;\ N=A x^m&lt;/math&gt; bu yerda N — x dan yuqori boylikka ega odamlar soni, A va m esa doimiylar. Yillar davomida Pareto qonuni kuzatilgan ma’lumotlarga juda yaqinligi bilan ajralib turdi, iqtisodchilar uni ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''ga ko‘ra ishonarli deb topishgan. Pareto samaradorligi odatda juda noaniq, potensial Pareto-samaradorligi, shuningdek Kaldor-Hicks samaradorligi tushunchasi esa ancha noaniq va iqtisodiyotda keng qo‘llaniladi. Iqtisodiyotdan tashqari, keng tanqid shuni ko‘rsatadiki, bu tushuncha subyektiv afzal ko‘rishlarga tayanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ingham |first=Sean |date=9 October 2024 |title=Pareto-optimality |url=https://www.britannica.com/money/Pareto-optimality
 |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''Oxford Reference''ga ko‘ra, [[Pareto qonuniyati]] [[faravonlik iqtisodiyoti|farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]da bahsli bo‘lishi mumkin, chunki uning taxminlari empirik jihatdan shubhali, qiymat hukmlarini o‘z ichiga oladi va ''holatni saqlash''ga moyil bo‘ladi. Resurslarning dastlabki taqsimoti haqida sukut saqlashi sababli ko‘pchilik sotsiologlar ham Paretian farovonlik iqtisodiyotini tanqid qiladilar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Pareto principle |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100306260
 |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=Oxford Reference }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vilfredo Paretoning iqtiboslari ==

# “Menga har qanday vaqtda urug'lar bilan to'la, o'z tuzatishlari bilan yoritilgan samarali xato bering. Siz o'zingizning steril haqiqatingizni o'zingiz uchun saqlashingiz mumkin.&quot;
# &quot;Odamlarning ob'ektiv tengligi haqidagi da'vo shu qadar bema'niki, hatto uni rad etishga ham loyiq emas.&quot;
# &quot;Samimiy insonparvarlarning maqsadi jamiyatga yaxshilik qilishdir, xuddi qushni ko'p erkalab o'ldirgan bolaning maqsadi qushga yaxshilik qilishdir&quot;.
# &quot;Ular uchun foydali bo'lsa, odamlar uning nomidan boshqa hech narsani bilmaydigan nazariyaga ishonishlari mumkin.&quot;
# &quot;Uzoq vaqt davomida va ko'p sonli xalqlar orasida siyosiy hokimiyat er egalariga tegishli edi.&quot;
# &quot;Mening orzuim - samoviy mexanika, fizika va [[kimyo]] modelida sotsiologiya tizimini qurish.&quot;
# &quot;Nazorat qilinadigan elementlarning har qanday seriyasida elementlar soni bo'yicha tanlangan kichik qism har doim ta'sir nuqtai nazaridan katta qismni tashkil qiladi.&quot;                               

== Vilfredo Pareto va boshqalarning nashrlari va kitoblari. ==

* 2015, 1935. ''Aql va jamiyat'' (Trattato Di Sociologia Generale), Harcourt, Brace.
* 2014, 1906. ''Siyosiy iqtisod bo'yicha qo'llanma: tanqidiy va turli nashrlar'' . OUP Oksford.
* 1991, 1968. ''Elitalarning yuksalishi va qulashi: nazariy sotsiologiyaning qo'llanilishi'' . Tranzaksiya nashriyoti.
* 1984, 1921. ''Demokratiyaning o'zgarishi'' . Tranzaksiya nashriyoti.
* 1966. ''Sotsiologik asarlar'' . Praeger.
* 1927. ''Manuel d'économie Politique'' . Parij: Marsel Giard.
* 1920. ''Fatti va nazariya'' .
* 1916. ''Trattato sociologia the generals'' (Umumiy sotsiologiya, 1955, &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 3-89879-144-0&lt;/nowiki&gt; bo'yicha yangilangan).
* 1911. ''Le mythe et la littérature immorale vertuiste'' (Fazilat afsonasi va axloqsiz adabiyot, 1968).
* 1906. ''Iqtisodiyot siyosati bo'yicha qo'llanma'' .
* 1902. ''Les of systémes Socialistes'' .
* 1897. ''Cours d'Economie Politique'' , Journal: Revue Economique – REV ECON, jild. 7, yo'q. 3.
* 1897. ''Iqtisodiyotning yangi nazariyalari,'' Siyosiy iqtisod jurnali – J POLIT ECON, jild. 5, yo'q. 4.
* 1894. ''Il massimo di utilità dato dalla libera concorrenza'' . Giornale degli economisti, 48-66.
* 1892. ''La teoria dei prezzi dei signori Auspitz e Lieben e le osservazioni del professore Walras'' . Giornale degli economisti, 201-239.
* 1892. ''Considerazioni sui principii fondamentali dell'economia politica pura'' . Giornale degli economisti, 389-420.                              

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}2. https://www.toolshero.com/toolsheroes/vilfredo-pareto/ hayoti haqida kengroq ingliz tilida {{OʻzME}}


{{chala}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]</text>
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    <title>Xamsa (Navoiy)</title>
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      <comment>eng zor ozgartirish</comment>
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      <text bytes="63" sha1="2oga7k4asslmxjzkwztw8z44flpbuce" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Alisher Navoiy asarlari]]
quyosh has the biggest gyatt</text>
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    <revision>
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      <comment>Restored revision 5920848 by [[Special:Contributions/Javoxir Yorqulov|Javoxir Yorqulov]] ([[User talk:Javoxir Yorqulov|talk]]): Rb (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
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      <text bytes="440" sha1="6xblkcfzr7o9qe5peodndm64yyyza63" xml:space="preserve">{{Maʼnolari|Xamsa (maʼnolari)}}
„'''Xamsa'''“ ([[Arab tili|arabcha]] — besh) — [[Alisher Navoiy|Alisher Navoiyning]] besh dostondan, yaʼni „[[Hayrat ul-abror]]“, „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Farhod va Shirin]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“, „[[Layli va Majnun (Navoiy)|Layli va Majnun]]“, „[[Sabʼai sayyor]]“, „[[Saddi Iskandariy]]“dan iborat katta asari (yana qarang [[Xamsachilik]]).

{{OʻzME}}


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[[Turkum:Alisher Navoiy asarlari]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22415-02</username>
        <id>257991</id>
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      <comment>Fixed national misconsemption</comment>
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Why you are here</text>
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      <comment>[[Tasvir:Fresco_of_a_Mycenaean_woman,_circa_1300_BC.jpg]] [[Tasvir:Facsimile_of_a_Minoan_fresco_(Knossos),_Woman_Carrying_an_Ivory_Pyxis,_by_Emile_Gilliéron_père,_1912.jpg]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:C</comment>
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      <text bytes="3913" sha1="f2dsnbf3cqklzqzfx9kyvq0nbtyskpz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayl:Facsimile of a Minoan fresco (Knossos), Woman Carrying an Ivory Pyxis, by Emile Gilliéron père, 1912.jpg|thumb]]
'''Egey madaniyati''', Kritmiken madaniyati — Kiklad, [[Krit|Krit o.]], [[Yunoniston|Yunonistonning]] materik qismi va [[Kichik Osiyo]] (Gʻarbiy Anadolu)dagi [[jez davri]] tamaddunining umumiy nomi (miloddan avvalgi 3—2ming yilliklar). Uning asosiy markazlari '''[[Miken]]''' (G.Shliman) va '''[[Krit]]''' (A.Evans)dagi qazishmalar natijasida ochilgan. Bir qancha lokal arxeologik madaniyatlarga ajratilgan: Kritdagi madaniyat, orolning afsonaviy podshosi [[Minos|Minosning]] nomi bilan Minoy madaniyati deb atalgan; [[Gretsiya|Yunoniston]] materik qismining turli qismidagi madaniyatlar — [[fessaliya]], [[makedon]], [[ellada]] madaniyatlari; [[Kichik Osiyo|Kichik Osiyodagi]] — gʻarbiy anadolu madaniyati; Kikladdagi — kiklad madaniyati deb [[nom]] olgan. [[Egey]] madaniyati 3 davrga boʻlinadi: ilk (ellada madaniyati uchun — miloddan avvalgi 3000— 2/100/1900-yillar, minoy madaniyati uchun — miloddan avvalgi taxminan 3000—2200-yillar), oʻrta (tegishli ravishda, miloddan avvalgi taxminan 2100/1900—1580-yil va miloddan avvalgi taxminan 2200—1700-yillar), soʻnggi (tegishli ravishda, miloddan avvalgi taxminan 1580—1200-yillar va miloddan avvalgi taxminan 1700—1150-yillar). [[Anadolu türkləri|Gʻarbiy Anadolu]] va [[Gretsiya|Oʻrta Yunoniston]] madaniyatlari mahalliy [[neolit]] davri madaniyati, [[Egey dengizi]] sharkiy qismidagi orollar madaniyati asosida vujudga kelgan va [[Troya]] madaniyati taʼsirida taraqkiy etganlar. [[Egey]] madaniyati notekis rivojlangan. Uning markazlari turli davrda yuksalish va tanazzul davrini kechirgan.

Ingliz arxeologi [[A.Evans]] Egey madaniyati boʻyicha tadqiqot ishlari olib borib, koʻp jildli ilmiy asarlar yaratgan. Egey madaniyatiga oid &quot;[[Piktografik yozuv|'''piktografik''']]&quot; yozuvlarni oʻrgangan.

Egey madaniyatiga oid obidalar mahalliy aholining [[Misr]] va [[Old Osiyo]] bilan yaqin aloqada boʻlganini koʻrsatadi (Misr va Suriyada Egey sanʼati yodgorliklari, Krit o.da esa Misr va Old Osiyo sanʼati namunalari topilgan). Krit sanʼati oʻziga xosligi bilan ajralib turadi. Egey madaniyatining muhim markazlaridan biri '''[[Knos]]''' shahridagi Hukmdorlar saroyi (taxminan miloddan avvalgi 2000-yildan soʻng) qoldiqlari saqlangan. Saroy murakkab tarhli (16 ming m2ga yaqin maydonini egallagan), koʻp marta qayta qurilgan, 3 qavatli boʻlib, xonalar ustunli, tor hovlili, yuqori qavatlarga zinapoyalardan chiqilgan. Miloddan avvalgi 2-ming yillikning 1-yarmiga mansub kichik saroy, [[Podshoh|podsho]] villasi, karvonsaroy, 2—3 qavatli turar joylar qazib oʻrganilgan. Knos, AgiaTriadada mineral boʻyoq bilan ishlangan [[freska]] qoldiqlari topilgan, ularda [[akrobatika]] oʻyinlari, suhbatlashayotgan ayollar, hayvon, oʻsimliklar aks ettirilgan. Ayniqsa, Krit vaza rassomligi diqqatga sazovor. Suyak haykalchalar koʻp ishlangan. Miloddan avvalgi 3-ming yillik va 2-ming yillikning boshlarida Kikladda marmar ayol haykalchalari ishlash, [[sopol]] idishlar sanʼati rivojlangan. [[Tirinf akropoli]] — mustahkamlangan tepalik (miloddan avvalgi 2-ming yillikning oʻrtalari)da bino qoldiqlari saqlangan; bu bino qadimiy yunon ibodatxonalariga namuna boʻlgani koʻrinadi. Devoriy rasmlarda jang lavhalari aks ettirilgan. [[Mikenda]] relyef bilan bezatilgan '''[[Sherdor madrasasi|&quot;Sherdor darvoza&quot;]]''', usti tuproq bilan gumbazsimon qilib yopilgan maqbara saqlangan. Maqbaralardan topilgan oltin va kumush bezak buyumlari zargarlik rivojlanganligidan darak beradi. Miloddan avvalgi 2-ming yillikning oxirlarida doriy qabilalari hujumi oqibatida Egey madaniyati markazlari vayron qilingan. Egey sanʼati yunon sanʼatiga samarali taʼsir koʻrsatgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{OʻzME}} &lt;!-- Bot tomonidan yaratildi --&gt;

{{chala}}

[[Turkum:Madaniyatlar]]
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      <comment>/* Unlilar */</comment>
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      <text bytes="13391" sha1="87h767jqzauf3txga2t2e0b3passk70" xml:space="preserve">'''Eski oʻzbek yozuvi''' — arab grafikasi asosida shakllangan va 11-asrdan 20-asrning boshlarigacha qoʻllangan [[oʻzbek yozuvi]]; [[arab alifbosi]]dagi 28 ta harfga arab tilida boʻlmagan, lekin eroniy va [[turkiy tillar]]ga xos boʻlgan tovushlarni ifodalash uchun yana 4 ta harf qoʻshish bilan shakllantirilgan. Ushbu harflar arab alifbosidagi tayyor harflarga qoʻshimcha nuqta yoki chiziq orttirish yoʻli bilan hosil qilingan va ularning har biri alifbo qatorida oʻziga asos boʻlgan harfdan keyin joylashtirilgan; ularning nomlanishi ham asos harflarning nomlanishiga moslashtirilgan.

E.oʻ.yo.da arab yozuvining, arab alifbosidagi barcha harflarning yozilish xususiyatlari, ularning qanchasi nechta shaklga ega boʻlishi, oʻzidan keyingi harfga qoʻshilib yoki qoʻshilmay yozilishi holatlari va boshqalar arab yozuvidagidek aynan qabul qilingan. Alifboda harflar soni 32 taga yetgan boʻlsada, ularning asosiy shakllari 18 tani tashkil etadi, xolos; koʻp harflar bir-biridan ustiga yoki ostiga qoʻyiladigan nuqtalar bilangina farqlanadi.

E.oʻ.yo.da sof oʻzbekcha (turkiy) soʻzlardagi deyarli barcha unli va undosh tovushlar alohida harflar orqali ifodalanadi. Biroq [[oʻzbek tili]]dagi [[Arab tili|arab]] va [[Fors tili|fors]] tilidan oʻzlashgan soʻzlarda undosh tovushlar va o, u, i choʻziq unlilarigina yoziladi; qisqa unlilar talaffuz etilsada, ular alohida harfga ega boʻlmaydi. Yozuvda aks etmaydigan qisqa unlilarni va boshqalar fonetik holatlarni koʻrsatish uchun esa harakatlar deb ataladigan va tegishli undoshlar ustiga yoki ostiga qoʻyiladigan 10 dan ortiq yordamchi belgilar: fatha, kasra, zamma (forscha nomlari: zabar, zer, pesh), tanvin, madd, tashdid, hamza va boshqalar mavjud (arab yozuvi, harakatlarning shakl va vazifalari haqida q. [[Arab yozuvi]]).

E.oʻ.yoda I (alif) harfbelgisi asosan o, a tovushlarini, arabcha soʻzlar boshida esa, qaysi harakat qoʻyilishiga qarab, u, i, e tovushlarini ham bildirgan; (vov) harfbelgisi v undoshini, shuningdek, oʻzbekcha soʻzlar oʻrtasida u, oʻ unlilarini bildirgan; (yoy) harfbelgisi y undoshini hamda soʻz oʻrtasida i, e unlilarini bildirgan; harf birikmasi oʻzbekcha soʻzlar boshidagi u, oʻ tovushlarini, harf birikmasi esa oʻzbekcha soʻzlar boshidagi i, e unlilarini ifodalash uchun joriy etilgan. Arab tilida portlovchi boʻgʻiz tovushini ifodalovchi s(ayn) harfbelgisi E.oʻ.yo.da arabcha soʻzlarni yozishda [[anʼana]] sifatida alifbo qatoridan oʻrin olgan: u alohida tovush tarzida emas, balki oʻzidan keyin turadigan yoki oʻqiladigan choʻziq va qisqa unlilar bilan qoʻshib talaffuz qilinaveradi.

E.oʻ.yo. 1920—21 yillarda bir qancha oʻzbek ziyolilari, jumladan, Fitrat boshchiligidagi &quot;[[Chigʻatoy gurungi]]&quot; aʼzolari tomonidan jiddiy isloh qilindi. Bunda oʻzbek adabiy tilida mavjud boʻlgan 6 ta unli tovush uchun maxsus harflar joriy qilindi, faqat arabcha soʻzlardagina uchraydigan, oʻzbek tili uchun yot boʻlgan harflarini alifbodan chiqarish, harfining qoʻllanishini chegaralash haqida qaror qabul qilindi. 1921-yil yanvda boʻlib oʻtgan Tilimlo qurultoyining materiallari ana shu islohga amal qilib nashr etilgan dastlabki kitob boʻldi.

Shuni aytish kerakki, mazkur islohgacha Eski oʻzbek yozuvida imlo, yaʼni soʻzlarning toʻgʻri yozilishida, diakritik va punktuatsion belgilarning ishlatilishida izchillik, barqarorlik boʻlmagan. Isloh natijasida yuqoridagidek kamchilik va nuqsonlar maʼlum darajada bartaraf boʻldi.

Oʻzbek yozuvi 1929-yilda [[Lotin alifbosi|lotin grafikasi]], 1940-yilda [[Kirill alifbosi|rus grafikasi]] asosida shakllantirilgach, E.oʻ.yo.ni oʻqishoʻrganish nihoyatda sustlashdi, hatto bunga qarshiliklar ham boʻldi; uni biluvchilar doirasi ancha toraydi. [[Oʻzbekiston]] mustaqillikka erishgach, bu yozuvni oʻrganishga keng imkoniyatlar berildi, uni oʻrganish boʻyicha maxsus kurslar tashkil etildi. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining &quot;Lotin yozuviga asoslangan oʻzbek alifbosini joriy etish toʻgʻrisida&quot;gi qonunida ham arab alifbosini, yaʼni E.oʻ.yo.ni oʻrganish va undan foydalanish uchun zarur sharoitlar saqlab qolinishi alohida qayd etilgan.

LL.Shermuhamedov T.,Abdullayev F., Xalilov L., Oʻqish kitobi, 2nashri, T., 1973; (toʻldirilgan va qayta ishlangan 3-nashri — 1994); Jumaniyozov R., Eski oʻzbek yozuvi, T., 1989.

Abduvahob Madvshiyev, Ergash Umarov.

== Alifbo ==
Bular oʻzbek alifbosining harflari.
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|z
|ze
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﮊ
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |ﮋ
|ﮊ
|j
|je (zhe)
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﺱ
|ﺲ
|ﺴ
|ﺳ
|s
|sin
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﺵ
|ﺶ
|ﺸ
|ﺷ
|sh
|shin
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﺹ
|ﺺ
|ﺼ
|ﺻ
|s
|sod
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﺽ
|ﺾ
|ﻀ
|ﺿ
|z
|dod
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻁ
|ﻂ
|ﻄ
|ﻃ
|t
|to (itqi)
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻅ
|ﻆ
|ﻈ
|ﻇ
|z
|zo (izg‘i)
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻉ
|ﻊ
|ﻌ
|ﻋ
|’
|ayn
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻍ
|ﻎ
|ﻐ
|ﻏ
|g‘
|g‘ayn
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻑ
|ﻒ
|ﻔ
|ﻓ
|f
|fe
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻕ
|ﻖ
|ﻘ
|ﻗ
|q
|qof
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ک
|ک
|ﻜ
|ﻛ
|k
|kof
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﮒ
|ﮓ
|ﮕ
|ﮔ
|g
|gof
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |نگ/ݣ
|ـنگ/ـݣ
|ـنگـ/ـݣـ
|نگـ/ݣـ
|ng
|nungof
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻝ
|ﻞ
|ﻠ
|ﻟ
|l
|lam
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻡ
|ﻢ
|ﻤ
|ﻣ
|m
|mim
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻥ
|ﻦ
|ﻨ
|ﻧ
|n
|nun
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻭ
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |ﻮ
|ﻭ
|v, o‘, u
|vav
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |ﻩ
|ﻪ
|ﻬ
|ﻫ
|h, a
|hoy-i havvaz
|-
|ﻯ
|ﻰ
|ﻴ
|ﻳ
|y, e, i
|yo
|}

=== Unlilar ===
{| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Holda
!Oxirida
!O‘rtasida
!Boshida
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
!Harfning nomi
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |'''''ا'''''
|'''''ـٰا'''''
|'''''ـٰاـ'''''
|'''''آٰ'''''
|'''O'''
|Alif
|}
Qaysi so‘z bor bo‘lishidan qat’i nazar, O unlisi doimo alif bilan yoziladi. Soʻz boshida baʼzan “عٰا” ketma-ketligi boʻlishi mumkin, bu ham O tovushini hosil qiladi, lekin bu juda kam uchraydi va faqat arabcha soʻzlarda mumkin.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Holda
!Oxirida
!O‘rtasida
!Boshida
!''XFAdan'' ''Tallafuz''
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
!Harfning nomi
!
|-
|'''''ا'''''
|'''''ـا'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''''ـا'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''''آ'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |/'''a'''/
&lt;small&gt;/æ/&lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''A'''
|Alif
|Agar turkiy tildan bo‘lgan fe’l
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |'''''ه'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''''ـه'''''
|Alif + hoyi Havvaz
|Turkiy tillardan olingan soʻzlar
|-
|'''''ـَ'''''
|'''''اَ'''''
|/æ/
|Zabar
|Fors va arab tilidan kelib chiqqan so‘zlar
|}
Fors va arab soʻzlarida “A” tovushi zabar bilan ifodalanadi. Zabar baʼzi turkiy soʻzlardagi “A” harfini ifodalash uchun ham qoʻllanadi, lekin bu odatda ikkinchi boʻgʻin bilan chegaralanadi va faqat boshqa shevalarda tarixan yumshoq unlilarga ega boʻlgan va unlilar uygʻunligini saqlab qolgan turkiy soʻzlarda uchraydi. 

“A” harfi bilan tugagan turkiy kelib chiqishi fe’l va fe’l qoʻshimchalari oxirida “Hoyi Havvaz” harfi oʻrniga Alif qoʻllanib yoziladi.

Oʻzbek tilining oʻzi unlilar uygʻunligini yoʻqotgan boʻlsa-da, bu alifbo orqali eski oʻzbek tilida saqlanib qolgan. “Orqaga” unli uygʻunligi soʻzlarida “A” ni ifodalash uchun Alif harfi ishlatiladi. Tarixan &quot;old&quot; unli uyg‘unligi bo‘lgan so‘zlarda &quot;A'&quot; ifodasi uchun Zabar harfi ishlatiladi. Bu muhim, chunki uyg‘ur tilida bu farq yanada mustahkamroq va Alif ham, Zabar ham barcha vaziyatlarda turli xil tovushlarni chiqaradi, bu emas. Oʻzbek tiliga oʻxshab aralash.Shuning uchun ham eski oʻzbek tilida “A” harfini ikki xil tarzda yozish tillararo uygʻunlik uchun muhim edi.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Holda
!Oxirida
!O‘rtasida
!Boshida
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |'''''ے'''''
|'''''ـے'''''
|'''''ـېـ'''''
|'''''اېـ'''''
|'''E'''
|}
Bu faqat fors va turkiy soʻzlarning birinchi boʻgʻinida uchraydi. Arab tilida bu mavjud emas. Tarixan bu xat &quot;ای&quot; harfidan farqli ravishda yozilmagan, ammo o‘quvchiga sodda bo‘lishi uchun zamonaviy formatda berilgan.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Holda
!Oxirida
!Oʻrtasida
!Boshida
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
!Harfning nomi
!
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |'''''ی'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''''ـی'''''
|'''''ـیـ'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''''ایـ'''''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |I
|Yo
|normal holatlar
|-
|'''''ـِو'''''
|Zer+Vov
|Juda kam uchraydigan ikkinchi boʻgʻinli turkiy soʻzlar
|}
Bu har qanday va barcha bo‘g‘inlarda uchraydigan oddiy unli. 

Baʼzan ikkinchi boʻgʻinda “i” harfi ketma-ketligi “i”ni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Bu faqat turkiy so‘zlarda bo'lib, juda kam hollarda uchraydi. Bunga misol qilib “Xotun خٰاتِون”, “oʻrik اۄرِوک” “Boyin بۄیِون”, “Yomgʻir یٰامغِور” va “Oltin آٰلتِون” kabi soʻzlarni keltirish mumkin. Bu muhim oʻzgarishning saqlanishiga sabab, uygʻur tilida ikkinchi boʻgʻinda kelgan bu “vov” harfi aslida oʻz talaffuzini saqlab qolganligi, uygʻur tilidagi bu soʻzlarning “Xotun”, “oruk”, “Boʻyun”, “” talaffuz qilinishidir. Yomg'ur&quot; va &quot;Oltun&quot;. Eski oʻzbek yozuvi turkiy tillarni oʻzaro tushunishni birinchi oʻringa qoʻyish uchun uygʻunlashtirishga yordam berganining yana bir usuli bu.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Holda
!Oxirida
!Oʻrtasida
!Boshida
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |'''''ۄ'''''
|'''''ـۄ'''''
|'''''ـۄـ'''''
|'''''اۄ'''''
|'''O‘'''
|}
Bu maxsus eslatmalarsiz oddiy xat. U faqat fors va turkiy soʻzlarning birinchi boʻgʻinida uchraydi. Arabcha soʻzlarda uchramaydi. Tarixiy yozuvda bu harf &quot;او&quot; dan farqlanmaydi. Ushbu sahifada uni zamonaviy tamoyillarga koʻra farqlash uchun maxsus xat berilgan.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!Holda
!Oxirida
!Oʻrtasida
!Boshida
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
!Harfning nomi
|-
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |'''''و'''''
|'''''ـو'''''
|'''''ـوـ'''''
|'''''او'''''
|'''''U'''''
|Vov
|}
Bu oddiy xat boʻlib, qanday koʻrinsa ham yoziladi. U har qanday boʻgʻinda mavjud boʻlishi mumkin.

==== Faqat arab va fors tillariga xos unlilar. ====
Quyidagilar arab va fors tillariga xos boʻlib, afsuski, ularning joylashuvi yodga olinishi kerak.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!
!Holda
!Oxirida
!Oʻrtasida
!Boshida
!hozirgi ko‘rinshi
!Harfning nomi
|-
|Bu arab va fors tillarida tarixiy qisqa unli. uning joylashuvi yodga olinishi kerak.
| style=&quot;font-size:150%&quot; |
|'''''ـِه'''''
|'''''ـِ'''''
|'''''اِ'''''
|'''''I'''''
|Zer
|-
|Bu arab va fors tillarida tarixiy qisqa unli. uning joylashuvi yodga olinishi kerak. Yakuniy shaklga ega emas
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|'''''ـُ'''''
|'''''اُ'''''
|'''''U'''''
|Pish
|-
|Agar arabcha qoʻshimcha soʻz “an” bilan tugasa, 
“lutfan لُطفاً” yoki “zotan ذاتاً” kabi bu harf bilan yoziladi.
|'''''اً'''''
|'''''ـاً'''''
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|'''''-an'''''
|Tanvin
|}

=== Undosh tovushlar ===
Hozirgi oʻzbek tilida “ژ” harfi ham, “ج” harfi ham bir-biridan farq qiladigan tovushlarni hosil qiladi, lekin afsuski, bu zamonaviy alifboda koʻrsatilmagan.

&quot;ݣ&quot; harfi tarixan &quot;نگ/نک&quot; ketma-ketligi bilan yozilgan, ammo bu etimologik jihatdan to‘g‘ri emas. Bu harf ilk bor [[oʻrta asr]] turkiy adabiy davrida ixtiro qilingan boʻlib, turkiy soʻzlarga xos boʻlib, fors va arab tillarida uchramaydi.

Eski oʻzbek tilining undoshlari juda fonetik va izchil. O‘rgatish yoki yodlash kerak boʻlgan yagona undosh tovushlar bu arabchadir. Bu undosh tovushlar: ع، ح، ف، ث، ذ، ص، ض، ط، ظ. Arab tilidagi ildiz tizimini hisobga olsak, bu undoshlarni yodlash va joylashtirish qiyin emas. Agar siz bitta uch harfli ildizni bilsangiz, undosh tovushlarning barchasini bir oz boshqacha (lekin oʻxshash) ma’noga ega bo‘lgan kelajakdagi so‘zning ildizini bilish orqali bilishingiz mumkin. Zamonaviy Eronda arab tilini bilmaydigan ma'ruzachilar haligacha oʻzlari ko‘rmagan arabcha so‘zlarning to‘g‘ri yozilishini bashorat qila oladilar, chunki ular o‘tmishda bir xil 3 undoshli o‘xshash so‘zga duch kelishgan.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Oʻzbek yozuvi]]
* [[Oʻzbek kirill alifbosi]]
* [[Oʻzbek lotin alifbosi]]

{{OʻzME}}


{{chala}}</text>
      <sha1>87h767jqzauf3txga2t2e0b3passk70</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quvasoy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>629504</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988674</id>
      <parentid>5480510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:34:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22328-03</username>
        <id>258035</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>This is not public telegram channel, this is private telegram channel</comment>
      <origin>5988674</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4833" sha1="8o8op2pzllp0kzgjczgs804l2pxvrtd" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| ozbekcha nomi = Quvasoy
| mavqe = shahar
| mamlakat = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi = Viloyat
| mintaqa = Fargʻona viloyati{{!}}Fargʻona
| jadvalda mintaqa = Fargʻona viloyati{{!}}Fargʻona
| tuman turi =
| tuman =
| jadvalda tuman =
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat =
| jadvalda jamoat =
|nomi=Quvasoy| qaram =
| gerb =
| bayroq =
 | lat_dir = N | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 18 | lat_sec = 0
 | lon_dir = E | lon_deg = 71 | lon_min = 58 | lon_sec = 0
| CoordAddon =
| CoordScale =
| mamlakat xaritasi olchami =
| mintaqa xaritasi olchami =
| tuman xaritasi olchami =
| mamlakat xaritasi =Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa xaritasi =
| tuman xaritasi =
| ichki bolinishi =
| rahbar turi = Hokim
| rahbar = [[Zafarjon Toʻraqulov]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://fergana.uz/site/view/news/136 Quvasoy shahar hokimi va oʻrinbosarlari haqida maʼlumot]&lt;/ref&gt;
| asos solingan =1954-yil
| ilk eslatilishi = XIV asr
| avvalgi nomlari =
| qachondan beri = 1957-yil
| maydon =
|maydoni = 264
| balandlik turi = 409 ± 0 m va 815 m
| AP markazi balandligi =
| iqlim =
| rasmiy til = oʻzbekcha
| aholi = 96.8
| sanalgan yil = 2022
| zichlik =
| aglomeratsiya =
| milliy tarkib = [[Oʻzbeklar]], [[Tojiklar]], [[Ruslar]], [[Qirg'izlar]], [[Koreyslar]]
| konfessiyaviy tarkib = Musulmonlar, provoslavlar
| etnoxronim =
| vaqt mintaqasi = +5
| DST =
| telefon kodi =
| pochta indeksi = 150900-150909
| pochta indekslari =
| avtomobil kodi =
| identifikator turi =
| raqamli identifikator =
| Commons turkumi =
| sayt = [http://quvasoy.uz/ http://quvasoy.uz]
| sayt tili = uz
}}
   
'''Quvasoy''' — [[Fargʻona viloyati]]dagi 4 ta [[shahar|shahardan]] biri. Quvasoy shahri 1954-yilda tashkil topgan. Shahar markazi Quvasoy shahri. [[Fargʻona shahri]]dan janubi-sharq tomonga 22 km masofada joylashgan boʻlib, Fargʻona shahri, Quva tumani, [[Fargʻona tumani|Fargʻona tumani]] hamda [[Qirgʻiziston]] respublikasi bilan chegaradosh. Umumiy yer maydoni 264 km² ni tashkil qiladi.

== Aholisi ==
[[Aholi]]si 96,8 ming kishidan ortiq (2022-yilgi hisob-kitoblarga koʻra), shu jumladan, shahar aholisi — 42,9 ming kishi (57,6%), qishloq aholisi — 31,6 ming kishi (42,4%). Milliy tarkibga koʻra oʻzbeklar 43,5%, tojiklar 29%, qirgʻizlar 11,5%, ruslar 7,9% boshqa millat vakillari ham istiqomat qiladi. Maʼmuriy hududiy tuzilishi jihatidan 36 ta aholi yashash punktlariga boʻlinadi.

== Sanoati ==

[[Temir yoʻl stansiyasi]] bor. Quvasoyda [[kichik va oʻrta biznes|kichik]] [[korxona]], mikrofirma va boshqa turdagi korxonalar faoliyat yuritadi. Aholiga [[maishiy xizmat]] koʻrsatish korxonasi, [[shisha-oyna sanoati|shisha]], idish, [[gʻisht]], [[chinni]], [[temirbeton|temir-beton]], uy-roʻzgʻor [[kimyo sanoati|kimyosi]] [[zavod]]lari, avtokorxona, [[qurilish]] korxonalari ishlab turibdi. Markaziy [[kasalxona]], [[poliklinika]], [[dorixona]] va boshqa [[tibbiyot|tibbiy]] muassasalar mavjud. Quvasoy shahrida masjidlar va cherkovlar ham faoliyat yuritadi. Undan tashqari Quvasoy katta bozori ham faoliyat koʻrsatib kelmoqda. Quvasoydan Fargʻonaga avtobus, yengil avtomabillar va xususiy [[taksi]]lar qatnaydi.

Qulay tabiiy sharoit, ohaktosh, gips va turli gillarning eng boy konlari, yirik koʻmir konining yaqinligi, Quvasoydan oʻtgan temir yoʻl — bularning barchasi sovet davrida yirik sanoat markazining rivojlanishi uchun sharoit yaratdi.

Shaharda 5 ta yirik sanoat korxonasi mavjud:

* „Alesta Glass“ DP
* „Kvarts“ OAJ
* „United Cement Group“ UCG (Quvasaytsement)
* „Quvasoy chinnisi“ AJ
* „Elektroqishloq qurilish“ beton buyumlarni nazorat qilish punkti.

Sement, shifer, qurilish oynasi, konserva, shisha, temir-beton buyumlar ishlab chiqariladi.&lt;br /&gt;

Shaharda 8 ta qoʻshma korxona faoliyat koʻrsatmoqda:

* „TJM Deloros“ (Oʻzbek-Amerika),
* Delcons (Oʻzbek-Amerika-Italiya) hozirda ishlamayapti,
* „Imbek“ (Oʻzbek-Koreys),
* „Quvasaytsement“ (Oʻzbek-Kipr),
* „Sut vodiysi“ (Oʻzbek-Rus),
* „Fargʻona shishasi“ (Oʻzbek-Britaniya),
* Unitex LTD (Oʻzbek-Amerika),
* „Art soft ceramics“.

== Iqlimi ==
Iqlimi keskin kontinental. Iyulning oʻrtacha harorati +30 °C, yanvarda esa 0 °C ni tashkil qiladi.

== Taʼlim va madaniyat ==
Shaharda „Zebuniso“ madaniyat saroyi,  29 ta [[umumtaʼlim]] maktabi shundan 2 tasi gimnaziya ([ayrim fanlar chuqurlashtirilgan maktab]) va 1 ta Prezident maktabi va undan tashqari 2854 oʻquvchiga moʻljallangan 3 ta kasb-hunar kolleji mavjud(2020-yilgi tahririyatga koʻra). [[Kutubxona]]lar, [[madaniyat uyi|madaniyat uylari]], [[madaniyat va istirohat bogʻlari|madaniyat va istirohat bogʻi]] bor.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}2  https://t.me/Quvasoyliklar_Kanali

== Havolalar ==
* {{Rasmiy sayt|http://quvasoy.uz/}}
{{UZ-geo-stub}}

{{OʻzME}}

{{Fargʻona viloyati}}

[[Turkum:Fargʻona shaharlari]]
[[Turkum:Quvasoy| ]]</text>
      <sha1>8o8op2pzllp0kzgjczgs804l2pxvrtd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988676</id>
      <parentid>5988674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:36:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22328-03</username>
        <id>258035</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sanoati */ needs to be updated</comment>
      <origin>5988676</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4581" sha1="0wxvh8wu3ts6rd052j8my0am4le4y4o" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| ozbekcha nomi = Quvasoy
| mavqe = shahar
| mamlakat = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi = Viloyat
| mintaqa = Fargʻona viloyati{{!}}Fargʻona
| jadvalda mintaqa = Fargʻona viloyati{{!}}Fargʻona
| tuman turi =
| tuman =
| jadvalda tuman =
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat =
| jadvalda jamoat =
|nomi=Quvasoy| qaram =
| gerb =
| bayroq =
 | lat_dir = N | lat_deg = 40 | lat_min = 18 | lat_sec = 0
 | lon_dir = E | lon_deg = 71 | lon_min = 58 | lon_sec = 0
| CoordAddon =
| CoordScale =
| mamlakat xaritasi olchami =
| mintaqa xaritasi olchami =
| tuman xaritasi olchami =
| mamlakat xaritasi =Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa xaritasi =
| tuman xaritasi =
| ichki bolinishi =
| rahbar turi = Hokim
| rahbar = [[Zafarjon Toʻraqulov]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://fergana.uz/site/view/news/136 Quvasoy shahar hokimi va oʻrinbosarlari haqida maʼlumot]&lt;/ref&gt;
| asos solingan =1954-yil
| ilk eslatilishi = XIV asr
| avvalgi nomlari =
| qachondan beri = 1957-yil
| maydon =
|maydoni = 264
| balandlik turi = 409 ± 0 m va 815 m
| AP markazi balandligi =
| iqlim =
| rasmiy til = oʻzbekcha
| aholi = 96.8
| sanalgan yil = 2022
| zichlik =
| aglomeratsiya =
| milliy tarkib = [[Oʻzbeklar]], [[Tojiklar]], [[Ruslar]], [[Qirg'izlar]], [[Koreyslar]]
| konfessiyaviy tarkib = Musulmonlar, provoslavlar
| etnoxronim =
| vaqt mintaqasi = +5
| DST =
| telefon kodi =
| pochta indeksi = 150900-150909
| pochta indekslari =
| avtomobil kodi =
| identifikator turi =
| raqamli identifikator =
| Commons turkumi =
| sayt = [http://quvasoy.uz/ http://quvasoy.uz]
| sayt tili = uz
}}
   
'''Quvasoy''' — [[Fargʻona viloyati]]dagi 4 ta [[shahar|shahardan]] biri. Quvasoy shahri 1954-yilda tashkil topgan. Shahar markazi Quvasoy shahri. [[Fargʻona shahri]]dan janubi-sharq tomonga 22 km masofada joylashgan boʻlib, Fargʻona shahri, Quva tumani, [[Fargʻona tumani|Fargʻona tumani]] hamda [[Qirgʻiziston]] respublikasi bilan chegaradosh. Umumiy yer maydoni 264 km² ni tashkil qiladi.

== Aholisi ==
[[Aholi]]si 96,8 ming kishidan ortiq (2022-yilgi hisob-kitoblarga koʻra), shu jumladan, shahar aholisi — 42,9 ming kishi (57,6%), qishloq aholisi — 31,6 ming kishi (42,4%). Milliy tarkibga koʻra oʻzbeklar 43,5%, tojiklar 29%, qirgʻizlar 11,5%, ruslar 7,9% boshqa millat vakillari ham istiqomat qiladi. Maʼmuriy hududiy tuzilishi jihatidan 36 ta aholi yashash punktlariga boʻlinadi.

== Sanoati ==

[[Temir yoʻl stansiyasi]] bor. Quvasoyda [[kichik va oʻrta biznes|kichik]] [[korxona]], mikrofirma va boshqa turdagi korxonalar faoliyat yuritadi. Aholiga [[maishiy xizmat]] koʻrsatish korxonasi, [[shisha-oyna sanoati|shisha]], idish, [[gʻisht]], [[chinni]], [[temirbeton|temir-beton]], uy-roʻzgʻor [[kimyo sanoati|kimyosi]] [[zavod]]lari, avtokorxona, [[qurilish]] korxonalari ishlab turibdi. Markaziy [[kasalxona]], [[poliklinika]], [[dorixona]] va boshqa [[tibbiyot|tibbiy]] muassasalar mavjud. Quvasoy shahrida masjidlar va cherkovlar ham faoliyat yuritadi. Undan tashqari Quvasoy katta bozori ham faoliyat koʻrsatib kelmoqda. Quvasoydan Fargʻonaga avtobus, yengil avtomabillar va xususiy [[taksi]]lar qatnaydi.

Qulay tabiiy sharoit, ohaktosh, gips va turli gillarning eng boy konlari, yirik koʻmir konining yaqinligi, Quvasoydan oʻtgan temir yoʻl — bularning barchasi sovet davrida yirik sanoat markazining rivojlanishi uchun sharoit yaratdi.

Shaharda 3 ta yirik sanoat korxonasi mavjud:

* „Kvarts“ OAJ
* „United Cement Group“ UCG (Quvasaytsement)
* „Elektroqishloq qurilish“ beton buyumlarni nazorat qilish punkti.

Sement, shifer, qurilish oynasi, konserva, shisha, temir-beton buyumlar ishlab chiqariladi.&lt;br /&gt;

Shaharda 4 ta qoʻshma korxona faoliyat koʻrsatmoqda:

* „Quvasaytsement“ (Oʻzbek-Kipr),
* „Fargʻona shishasi“ (Oʻzbek-Britaniya),
* Unitex LTD (Oʻzbek-Amerika),
* „Art soft ceramics“.

== Iqlimi ==
Iqlimi keskin kontinental. Iyulning oʻrtacha harorati +30 °C, yanvarda esa 0 °C ni tashkil qiladi.

== Taʼlim va madaniyat ==
Shaharda „Zebuniso“ madaniyat saroyi,  29 ta [[umumtaʼlim]] maktabi shundan 2 tasi gimnaziya ([ayrim fanlar chuqurlashtirilgan maktab]) va 1 ta Prezident maktabi va undan tashqari 2854 oʻquvchiga moʻljallangan 3 ta kasb-hunar kolleji mavjud(2020-yilgi tahririyatga koʻra). [[Kutubxona]]lar, [[madaniyat uyi|madaniyat uylari]], [[madaniyat va istirohat bogʻlari|madaniyat va istirohat bogʻi]] bor.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Rasmiy sayt|http://quvasoy.uz/}}
{{UZ-geo-stub}}

{{OʻzME}}

{{Fargʻona viloyati}}

[[Turkum:Fargʻona shaharlari]]
[[Turkum:Quvasoy| ]]</text>
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    <title>Humoyun maqbarasi</title>
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      <text bytes="1143" sha1="1aj13dqdrg5g8l0c54zg1tg6utuqwc0" xml:space="preserve">'''Humoyun maqbarasi''' - Hindistondagi meʼmoriy yodgorlik (16-asr 2-yarmi); Dehli shahrida Humoyunnint oʻgʻli Akbarsho\ tomonidan qurilgan. Maqbara murabba tarhli (47x47 m; umumiy balandligi 37,5 m), qizil qumtosh va oq marmardan bunyod etilgan; 2 qavatli. Pastki qavati (poydevori, balandligi 7 m)ga ravoqlar qatori ishlangan. 2-qavati — asosiy bino 3 qismdan ibo-rat boʻlib, bosh tarzi peshtoq-ravoq-li, markaziy xona qoʻsh gumbazli, uning yonidagi doira-koʻshk shaklidagi xonalar tepasiga gumbazli qafa-salar ishlangan. Maqbaraning oʻzi atrofi devor bilan oʻralgan chorbogʻnnng markazida joylashgan; chorbogʻ hududi ariqlar bilan boʻlaklarga boʻlingan chorchamonlar, koʻkalamzorlardan tashkil topgan. Maqbara chorbogʻ kengligi bilan oʻzaro uygʻun; aniq va goʻzal yechimini topganligi bilan diqqatga sazovor. Maqbaraning markaziy gum-bazli mujassamotida Oʻrta Osiyo va Eron meʼmorligining taʼsiri seziladi. Humoyun maqbarasi keyinchalik bunyod etilgan Tojmahal uchun namuna vazifasini oʻtagan.


{{OʻzME}} &lt;!-- Bot tomonidan yaratildi --&gt;

[[Turkum:Hindiston meʼmoriy yodgorliklari‎]]
[[Turkum:Akbar]]


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    <title>The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History</title>
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      <comment>&quot;Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg&quot; yoʻqotildi, uni VikiOmbordan [[c:User:Aude|Aude]] File page with no file uploaded ([[:c:COM:CSD#F7|F7]]) tufayli oʻchirgan edi.</comment>
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      <text bytes="40306" sha1="d5dola9wm3xfrdvt12o6huroh6we9u2" xml:space="preserve">„'''The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History'''“ ({{tarjima|100 nafar eng buyuk tarixiy shaxs}}) — [[Michael H. Hart]]ning 1978-yil chiqarilgan va 1992-yilda qayta nashr qilingan kitobi. Ushbu kitobda tarixiy shaxslarning qisqacha biografiyalari keltirilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://ru.scribd.com/doc/28266477/the-100-ranking-of-most-influential-people-in-history-michael-hart-citadel-press-1992 The 100 — Ranking of Most Influential People in History — Michael Hart Citadel Press 1992]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://arankingofthe100.blogspot.ru/ THE 100]&lt;/ref&gt;. Ushbu roʻyxatda insoniyat rivojlanishidagi 100 nafar eng taʼsirli shaxslarning reytingi eʼlon qilingan. Shuningdek, 100 talik roʻyxatga kirmagan 87 kishining reytingi ham bor.

== 100 nafar eng nufuzli shaxs ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;max-width:90%;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot;  cellpadding=&quot;1&quot;   
|- style=&quot;height:50px&quot;
! style=&quot;width:2em;&quot;|#
! Portreti
! style=&quot;min-width:11em;&quot;|Ismi
! Yashagan yillari
! Ahamiyati
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''1'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:MuhammadCaligraphicRepresentation.png|center|82x82px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Muhammad]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[571]]—[[632]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Islom]] dinining asoschisi va paygʻambari
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''2'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Isaac Newton]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1642]]—[[1727]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Fizik, matematik, mexanik va astronom
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''3'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:StJohnsAshfield StainedGlass GoodShepherd Face.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Iso Masih|Iso]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mil. avv. 4-yil—[[29-yil]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Xristian dini]]ning asoschisi va markaziy shaxsı
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''4'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Budda]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 563-yil—mil. avv. 483-yil
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Buddaviylik]] dinining asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''5'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Confucius Tang Dynasty.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Konfutsiy]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[mil. avv. 551-yil]]—[[mil. avv. 492]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Konfutsiylik]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''6'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:El Greco - Saint Paul head.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Havoriy Pavel]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[5-yil]]—[[64-yil]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| nasroniylik apostoli
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''7'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Cai-lun.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Say Lun]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[50-yil]]—[[121-yil]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[qogʻoz]] ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''8'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Johannes Gutenberg.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Iogann Gutenberg]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1397]]—[[1468]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| kitob bosish ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''9'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Christopher Columbus.PNG|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Xristofor Kolumb]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1451]]—[[1506]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Amerika qitʼasini kashf qilgan dengizchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''10'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[fayl:Albert Einstein Head.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Albert Einstein]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1879]]—[[1955]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''11'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Louis Pasteur.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Lui Paster]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1822]]—[[1895]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Mikrobiolog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''12'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Galileo Galiley]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1564]]—[[1642]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Fizik, mexanik, astronom, faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''13'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Aristoteles Louvre.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Aristotel]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 384—mil. avv. 322
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''14'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Euklid-von-Alexandria 1.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Yevklid]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 325—mil. avv. 265
| align=&quot;left&quot;| handasa fanining otasi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''15'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Michelangelo Moses.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Muso]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. XIII asr
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[yahudiylik]] dinining asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''16'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Charles Darwin 1880.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Charlz Darvin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1809]]—[[1882]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Naturalist
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''17'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Qinshihuang.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Sin Shixuandi]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 259— mil. avv. 210
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Xitoy imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''18'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Oktavian Avgust]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 63-yil — 14-yil
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Rimning eng qudratli imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''19'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Copernicus.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Nikolay Kopernik]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1473]]—[[1543]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| astronom, matematik, mexanik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''20'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent de (1743-1794) CIPB1171.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Antuan Lavuazye]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1743]]—[[1794]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Kimyo fanining asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''21'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Constantine Chiaramonti Inv1749.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Konstantin I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[272]]—[[337]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Rim imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''22'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:James Watt by Henry Howard.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jeyms Uatt]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1736]]—[[1819]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| mexanik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''23'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Maykl Faradey]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1791]]—[[1867]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik, kimyogar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''24'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:James Clerk Maxwell big.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jeyms Maksvell]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1831]]—[[1879]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Fizik, mexanik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''25'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Martin_Luther,_1529.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Martin Lyuter]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1483]]—[[1546]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| nasroniylik dinining ruhoniysi, [[Reformatsiya]] tashkilotchisi, [[Lyuteranlik]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''26'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jorj Vashington]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1732]]—[[1799]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[AQSH]] birinchi prezidenti
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''27'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Marx3.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Karl Marks]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1818]]—[[1883]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Marksizm asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''28'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Wilbur Wright.jpg|60px|center]] [[Fayl:Orville Wright.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Aka-uka Wrightlar|Wilbur Wright]], [[Aka-uka Wrightlar|Orville Wright]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| (1867—1912)/ (1871—1948)
| align=&quot;left&quot;| aviakonstruktorlar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''29'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Genghis Khan.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Chingizxon]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1162]]—[[1227]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Moʻgʻul xoni
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''30'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:AdamSmith.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Adam Smit]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1723]]—[[1790]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| zamonaviy iqtisodiyot asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''31'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Edward-de-Vere-1575.jpg|60px|center]] [[Fayl:Hw-shakespeare.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Edward de Vere]]/[[William Shakespeare]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1550]]—[[1604]] / [[1564]]—[[1616]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| shoir va dramaturg
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''32'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:SS-dalton.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jon Dalton]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1766]]—[[1844]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| kimyogar, meteorolog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''33'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Bust Alexander BM 1857.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Iskandar Maqduniy]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 356 — mil. avv. 323
| align=&quot;left&quot;| sarkarda, imperator
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''34'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Napoleon I of France by Andrea Appiani.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Napoleon I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1769]]—[[1821]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Fransiya Imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''35'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Thomas Edison2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Tomas Edison]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1847]]—[[1931]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| ixtirochi, mexanik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''36'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Leewenhoek-Postzegel nr-299.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Antoni van Levenguk]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1632]]—[[1723]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Mikroskop ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''37'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:WTG Morton.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Uilyam Morton]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1819]]—[[1868]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Narkoz ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''38'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gulelmo Markoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1874]]—[[1937]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| radiotexnik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''39'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Adolf Gitler]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1889]]—[[1945]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Germaniya [[fyurer]]i
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''40'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Head Platon Glyptothek Munich 548.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Aflotun]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 427 — mil. avv. 347
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''41'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Oliver Kromvel]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1599]]—[[1658]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Birlashgan [[Angliya]], [[Shotlandiya]], [[Irlandiya]]ning lord-protektori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''42'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Alexander Graham Bell.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Aleksandr Bell]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1847]]—[[1922]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| telefon ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''43'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Alexander Fleming 3.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Aleksandr Fleming]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1881]]—[[1955]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| penitsillin kashfiyotchisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''44'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:John Locke.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jon Lokk]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1632]]—[[1704]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''45'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Beethoven.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Lyudvig van Betxoven]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1770]]—[[1827]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Buyuk bastakor
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''46'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Geyzenberg Verner Karl|Varner Geyzenberg]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1901]]—[[1976]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| kvant mexanikasining ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''47'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Louis Daguerre 2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Dager Lui Jak Mande|Lui Dagger]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1787]]—[[1851]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| tasvirchi, fotografiyaning asoschilaridan biri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''48'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Simón Bolívar - Juan Lovera, 1827.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Bolivar Simon|Simon Bolivar]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1783]]—[[1830]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Janubiy Amerika]]ning milliy ozodligi uchun kurashchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''49'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Rene Dekart]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1596]]—[[1650]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf, mexanik, fizik, fiziolog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''50'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Michelangelo portrait.JPG|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mikelanjelo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1475]]—[[1564]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| haykaltarosh, rassom, meʼmor, mutafakkir, shoir.
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''51'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:BlUrban_II.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Urban II]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1042]]—[[1099]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Salib yurishlarining tashkilotchisi, Rim papasi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''52'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Umar.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Umar ibn Xattab]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[585]]—[[644]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Arab xalifasi, Muhammadning izdoshi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''53'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Indian relief from Amaravati, Guntur. Preserved in Guimet Museum.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ashoka]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 304— mil. avv. 232
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Mauriya]] imperiyasi hukmdori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''54'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Antonello da Messina 009.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Avgustin Avreliy|Avreliy Avgustin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[354]]—[[430]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Xristian cherkovining asoschilaridan biri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''55'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:William Harvey-Foto.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Garvey Vilyam|Uilyam Garvey]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1578]]—[[1657]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fiziologiya va embriologiya asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''56'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Ernest Rutherford LOC.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ernest Rutherford]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1871]]—[[1937]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| yadroviy fizikaning asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''57'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Jean Calvin.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Kalvin Jan|Jan Kalvin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1509]]—[[1564]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| cherkov reformatori, ruhoniy
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''58'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gregor_Mendel_Monk.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mendel Gregor Iogan|Gregor Mendel]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1822]]—[[1884]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| irsiyat tushunchasining asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''59'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Max Planck 1933.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Max Planck]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1858]]—[[1947]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| kvant fizikasining asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''60'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:JosephLister.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jozef Lister]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1827]]—[[1912]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| antiseptik jarrohlik tuzuvchisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''61'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Nicolaus-August-Otto.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Nikolaus Otto]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1832]]—[[1891]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Ichki yonuv dvigateli]]ning ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''62'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Francisco-Pizarro-um1540.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Fransisko Pisarro]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1475]]—[[1541]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Inklar]] imperiyasi istilochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''63'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Hernán Cortés anónimo.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ernan Kortes]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1485]]—[[1547]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Asteklar]] yerining istilochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''64'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Tomas Jefferson]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1743]]—[[1826]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[AQSH]]ning 3-prezidenti, [[AQSH Mustaqillik deklaratsiyasi]]ning mualliflaridan
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''65'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:IsabellaofCastile03.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Izabella I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1451]]—[[1504]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Ispaniya qirolichasi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''66'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:JStalin Secretary general CCCP 1942 flipped.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Iosif Stalin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1878]]—[[1953]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[SSSR]] yetakchisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''67'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gaius Julius Caesar.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Yuliy Sezar]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 100— mil. avv. 44
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Rim imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''68'''&lt;/big&gt;
|
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Vilgelm I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1027]]-[[1087]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Normandiya gersogi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''69'''&lt;/big&gt;
| 
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Zigmund Freyd]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1856]]-[[1939]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Psixoanaliz]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''70'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Edward Jenner2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Edvard Jenner]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1749]]-[[1823]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| chechakka qarshi vaksina ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''71'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Roentgen2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Vilgelm Rentgen]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1845]]-[[1923]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik, Nobel mukofotining birinchi laureati
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''72'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:JSBach.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Iogann Sebastian Bax]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1685]]-[[1750]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| bastakor
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''73'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Lao Tzu - Project Gutenberg eText 15250.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Lao Szu]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. V asr
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Daosizm]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''74'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Atelier de Nicolas de Largillière, portrait de Voltaire, détail (musée Carnavalet) -002.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Volter]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1694]]-[[1778]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''75'''&lt;/big&gt;
| 
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Iogann Kepler]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1571]]-[[1630]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| sayyoralar harakatlanishi qonunini asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''76'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Enrico Fermi ID badge.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Enriko Fermi]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1901]]-[[1954]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''77'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Leonhard Euler.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Leonard Eyler]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1707]]-[[1783]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| matematika fanining asosiga hissa qoʻshgan olim
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''78'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Jean-Jacques Rousseau (painted portrait).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jan Jak Russo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1712]]-[[1778]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| davlatchilikning asoschilaridan biri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''79'''&lt;/big&gt;
|
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Nikkolo Makiavelli]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1469]]-[[1527]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Siyosiy arbob, mutafakkir
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''80'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Thomas Malthus.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Tomas Maltus]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1766]]-[[1834]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| demograf va iqtisodchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''81'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:John F. Kennedy - NARA - 518134.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jon Kennedi]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1917]]-[[1963]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| AQSH Prezidenti
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''82'''&lt;/big&gt;
|
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gregori Pinkus]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1903]]-[[1967]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| biolog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''83'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Mani, the prophet.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Moniy]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[216]]-[[273]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Moniylik]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''84'''&lt;/big&gt;
|
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Vladimir Lenin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1870]]-[[1924]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| SSSR asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''85'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Sui Wendi Tang.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Suy Ven Di]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[541]]-[[604]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Xitoyni birlashtirgan imperator
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''86'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Vasco-da-gama-2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Vasko da Gama]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1460]]-[[1524]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar]] davridagi dengizchilardan biri. Yevropadan Hindistonga boradigan yoʻlni topgan.
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''87'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Cyrus the Great II.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Kir II Buyuk]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 593— mil. avv. 530
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Ahamoniylar]] davlati asoschisi va hukmdori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''88'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Peter der-Grosse 1838.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Pyotr I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1672]]-[[1725]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Rossiya imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''89'''&lt;/big&gt;
|
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mao Szedun]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1893]]-[[1976]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Xitoy davlat arbobi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''90'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Francis Bacon, Viscount St Alban from NPG (2).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Frensis Bekon]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1561]]-[[1626]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| ingliz faylasufi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''91'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Henry ford 1919.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Genri Ford]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1863]]-[[1947]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| avtomobil ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''92'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Mencius.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Men Szi]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 372— mil. avv. 289
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''93'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:CIMRM 44-Mithraic pater (Dura Europos).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Zoroastr]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 628— mil. avv. 551
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Zardushtiylik]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''94'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Elizabeth1 Phoenix.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Yelizaveta I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1533]]-[[1603]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Buyuk Britaniya qirolichasi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''95'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:RIAN archive 850809 General Secretary of the CPSU CC M. Gorbachev (crop).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mixail Gorbachyov]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1931-yil]]da tugʻilgan
| align=&quot;left&quot;| SSSRning birinchi va oxirgi Prezidenti
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''96'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Menes.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Menes]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. XXXI asr
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Qadimgi Misrning birinchi hukmdori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''97'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Charlemagne Allemagne.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Buyuk Karl]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[742]]-[[814]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Franklar davlati]] qiroli
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''98'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Homer British Museum.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gomer]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. VIII asr
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Iliada va Odissey dostonlari muallifi, faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''99'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Meister von San Vitale in Ravenna.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Yustinian I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[483]]-[[565]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Vizantiya]] imperatori, sarkarda
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''100'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Mahavir.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Maxavira]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 599 — mil. avv. 527
| align=&quot;left&quot;| notiq, faylasuf
|}

== Boshqa kishilar ==
{| width=90 % class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=8 % | #
! width=15 % | Portret
! width=8 % | Ismi
! width=8 % | Yashagan yillari
! width=8 % | Eslatma
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''1'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Muhammad]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[571]]-[[632]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Paygʻambar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''2'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Aiken.jpeg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Howard Aiken]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1900]]—[[1973]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Mark I (kompyuter)|&quot;Mark 1&quot;]] kompyuteri yaratuvchisi.
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''3'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Aesop pushkin01.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ezop]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[mil. avv. VI asr]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| dostonchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''4'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:NSRW Susan Anthony.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ Syuzan Entoni]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1820]]—[[1906]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| ayollar huquqlari himoyachisi (feminist), [[faol]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''5'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Aristarchus Diebolt Merley cour Carree Louvre.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Aristarchus Diebolt]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. [[310]]—[[230]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf, astronom, matematik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''6'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Richard arkwright.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Richard Arkwright]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1732]]—[[1792]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| sanoatchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''7'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Neil Armstrong pose.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Neil Armstrong]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1930]]—[[2012]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| kosmonavt
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''8'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Jeremy Bentham by Henry William Pickersgill detail.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Jeremy Bentham]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1748]]—[[1832]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| jamiyatshunos
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''9'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1990-023-06A, Otto von Bismarck.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Otto fon Bismark]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1815]]—[[1898]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Olmoniya]] kansleri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''10'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Broglie Big.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Louie de Broglie]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1892]]—[[1987]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[kvant mexanikasi]] asoschilaridan biri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''11'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Sadi Carnot.jpeg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Sadi Carnot]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1796]]—[[1832]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Fransiya]] davlat arbobi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''12'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Sir Winston S Churchill.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Winston Churchill]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1874]]—[[1965]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Nobel]] adabiyot mukofoti sohobi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''13'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Clausewitz.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Carl von Clausewitz]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1780]]—[[1831]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| harbiy
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''14'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Clausius.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Rudolph Clausius]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1822]]—[[1888]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''15'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gottlieb Daimler 1890s2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gottlieb Daimler]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1834]]—[[1900]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| avtomobil ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''16'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Dante-alighieri.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Dante Alighieri]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1265]]—[[1321]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| „Xudoning kulgusi“ asari muallifi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''17'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Rey David por Pedro Berruguete.JPG|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Dovud]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. 1030-yil — mil.avv. 965-yil
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Isroil]] podshohi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''18'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Democritus2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Demokrit]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. [[460]]—[[370]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Atomizm]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''19'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Mary Baker Eddy.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mary Baker Eddy]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1821]]—[[1910]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| diniy arbob.
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''20'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Robert Ettinger Soldier WWII.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Robert Ettinger]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1918]]—[[2011]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| amerikalik olim
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''21'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:George Fox.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[George Fox]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1624]]—[[1691]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[kvakerlar]] harakati asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''22'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Friedrich Zweite Alt.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Fridrix II]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1712]]—[[1786]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Prussiya]] qiroli
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''23'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Betty Friedan 1960.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Betty Freidan]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1921]]—[[2006]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| ayollarc huquqlari himoyachisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''24'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Galen detail.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Galen]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[129]]—[[199]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| jarroh
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''25'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1777]]—[[1855]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| matematik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''26'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Milkau Oberer Teil der Stele mit dem Text von Hammurapis Gesetzescode 369-2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Xammurapi]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. [[1813]]—[[1750]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Bobil]] podshohi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''27'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Hegel portrait by Schlesinger 1831.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[George Hegel]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1770]]—[[1831]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''28'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Henry8England.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Genri VIII]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1491]]—[[1547]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Angliya qiroli
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''29'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Henry the Navigator1.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Genri]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1394]]—[[1460]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| dengizchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''30'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Theodor Herzl.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Throdor Herzl]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1860]]—[[1904]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[sionizm]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''31'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Hippocrates pushkin02.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gippokrat]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[460]]—[[370]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[tibbiyot]] „otasi“
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''32'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Thomas Hobbes (portrait).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Thomas Hobbes]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1588]]—[[1679]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| siyosatchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''33'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Hutton James portrait Raeburn.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[James Hutton]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1726]]—[[1797]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[geologiya]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''34'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Akhenaten statue.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Exnaton]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[1375]]—[[1336]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Qadimgi Misr podshohi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''35'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Isaiah (Bible Card).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Isaiah]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[VIII]] — [[VII]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Injil]]dagi paygʻambarlardan biri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''36'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Joan of arc miniature graded.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Janna dʼArk]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1412]]—[[1431]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Yuz yillik urush]] qahramonlaridan biri
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''37'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Immanuel Kant (portrait).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Immanuel Kant]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1724]]—[[1804]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''38'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Müşir Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Balıkesir, 1923.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1881]]—[[1938]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Turkiya]] mustaqilligi asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''39'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:John Maynard Keynes.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[John Maynard Keynes]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1883]]—[[1946]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| iqtisodchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''40'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Har Gobind Khorana.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Har Gobind Khorana]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1922]]—[[2011]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| biolog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''41'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Martin Luther King Jr NYWTS.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Martin Luther King]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1929]]—[[1968]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| huquq kurashuvchisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''42'''&lt;/big&gt;
|
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Alfred Kinsey]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1894]]—[[1956]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Seksologiya]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''43'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gustav Robert Kirchhoff.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gustav Robert Kirchhoff]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1824]]—[[1887]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''44'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:YuanEmperorAlbumKhubilaiPortrait.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Xubilay]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1215]]—[[1294]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| moʻgʻul xoni
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''45'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1646]]—[[1716]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''46'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Жан Жозеф Этьен Ленуар.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ethiene Lenoire]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1822]]—[[1900]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| ixtirochi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''47'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Emperor Gaozu of Han.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Lyu Ban]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[256]]—[[195]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Xan sulolasi asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''48'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Louis xiv 1638 1715 hi.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Lyudovik XIV]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1638]]—[[1715]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Fransiya]] qiroli
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''49'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:James Madison.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[James Madison]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1751]]—[[1836]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[AQSh Prezidenti]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''50'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Vladimirskaya.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Bibi Maryam]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[20]]—[[45]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Iso]]ning onalari
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''51'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Emperor Meiji painted by Takagi Haisui.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Meydzi]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1852]]—[[1912]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Yaponiya]] imperatori
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''52'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Kramskoy Mendeleev 01.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Dmitriy Mendeleyev]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1834]]—[[1907]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| kimyogar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''53'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Montesquieu 1.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Chales Louie Montesquieu]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1689]]—[[1755]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| yozuvchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''54'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:NSRW Maria Montessori.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Maria Montessori]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1870]]—[[1952]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| pedagog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''55'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Samuel Morse.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Samuel Morse]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1791]]—[[1872]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| ixtirochi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''56'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1756]]—[[1791]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| musiqachi kompozitor
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''57'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:First Umayyad gold dinar, Caliph Abd al-Malik, 695 CE.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Muoviya I]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[603]]—[[680]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Umaviylar]] sulolasi asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''58'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Gerard Kitchen ONeill.GIF|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Gerard OʻNeill]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1927]]—[[1992]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''59'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Blaise pascal.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Blaise Pascal]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1623]]—[[1662]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| matematik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''60'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Ivan Pavlov nobel.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ivan Pavlov]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1849]]—[[1936]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| shifokor
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''61'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Marco-polo-hanbury.JPG|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Marco Polo]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1254]]—[[1324]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| sayyoh va savdogar
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''62'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Ptolemy 16century.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ptolemey]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[87]]—[[165]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| astronom
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''63'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Kapitolinischer Pythagoras.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Pifagor]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil. avv. [[570]]—[[490]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| matematik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''64'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Ronald Reagan]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1911]]—[[2004]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[AQSh Prezidenti]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''65'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Rembrandt Self-portrait (Kenwood).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Rembrandt]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1606]]—[[1669]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| rassom
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''66'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Franklin D. Roosevelt - NARA - 196898.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Franklin Roosevelt]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1882]]—[[1945]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[AQSh Prezidenti]] (1933—1945)
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''67'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Adi shankara.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Shankara]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[788]]—[[820]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''68'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Erwin Schrödinger (1933).jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Erwin Schrödinger]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1887]]—[[1961]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''69'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:William Shockley, Stanford University.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[William Shockley]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1910]]—[[1989]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''70'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Joseph Smith, Jr. portrait owned by Joseph Smith III.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Joseph Smith]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1805]]—[[1844]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| diniy arbob
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''71'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Socrates Louvre.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Suqrot]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[469]]—[[399]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| faylasuf
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''72'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Sophocles pushkin.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Sofokl]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| mil.avv. [[495]]—[[406]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| dramaturg
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''73'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Sunyatsen1.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Sun Yatsen]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1866]]—[[1925]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Gomindan]] partiyasi asoschisi, Xitoy davlat arbobi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''74'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:William Henry Fox Talbot, by John Moffat, 1864.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[William Henry Fox Talbot]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1800]]—[[1877]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Fotografiya]] asoschisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''75'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Tamerlan.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Amir Temur]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1336]]—[[1405]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Temuriylar]] davlati asoschisi, sarkarda
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''76'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:EdwardTeller1958.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Edward Teller]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1908]]—[[2003]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| Fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''77'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Henry David Thoreau.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Henry David Thoreau]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1817]]—[[1862]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| abolitsionist
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''78'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Charles Hard Townes.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Charles Hard Townes]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1915]]—[[2015]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''79'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Harry_S._Truman.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Harry Truman]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1884]]—[[1972]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[AQSh Prezidenti]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |year= |title=анализ религиозных воззрений 100 самых влиятельных людей (1992) |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_influ.html |access-date=2016-03-17 |archivedate=2012-01-01 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64MsCDlMg?url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_influ.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''80'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:ETH-BIB-Volta, Alessandro (1745-1827)-Portrait-Portr 02303.tif|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Alessandro Volta]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1745]]—[[1827]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''81'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Selman Waksman NYWTS.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Selman Waksman]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1888]]—[[1973]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| fizik
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''82'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:James D Watson Genome Image.jpg|60px|center]] [[Fayl:Francis Crick.png|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[James Watson]]/[[Francis Crick]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1928]]/ (1916—2004)
| align=&quot;left&quot;| biolog
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''83'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Robert Watson-Watt.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Robert Watson-Watt]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1892]]—[[1973]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[radar]] ixtirochisi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''84'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Rothwell.tif|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Mary Shelley]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1797]]—[[1851]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| yozuvchi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''85'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Frank Lloyd Wright portrait.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1867]]—[[1959]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| meʼmor
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''86'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Boris Yeltsin 1993.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Boris Yeltsin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1931]]—[[2007]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| [[Rossiya Prezidenti]] (1991—1999)
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot;| &lt;big&gt;'''87'''&lt;/big&gt;
| [[Fayl:Zvorykin0.jpg|60px|center]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[Vladimir Zvorikin]]
| align=&quot;center&quot;| [[1888]]—[[1982]]
| align=&quot;left&quot;| muhandis
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

{{book-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:100, The}}
[[Turkum:Reytinglar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jalolquduq</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>669201</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988630</id>
      <parentid>5167037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T13:00:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Janob Mirzaolim</username>
        <id>64438</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Jalaquduq tumani]] olib tashlandi; [[Turkum:Jalaquduq tumanidagi shahar tipidagi aholi punktlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="1877" sha1="shbrev3zmcwnqqnq3r0g2mg2hdnstbp" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti 
| oʻzbekcha nomi                      = Jalolquduq &lt;br /&gt; {{lang-ru|Джалалкудук}}
| mavqe = Shaharcha
| mamlakat = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi = viloyat
| mintaqa = Andijon viloyati
| jadvalda mintaqa =
| tuman turi = tuman
| tuman = Jalaquduq (tuman)
| jadvalda tuman =
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat =
| jadvalda jamoat =
| qaram =
| gerb =
| bayroq =
   |lat_dir = N|lat_deg= 40|lat_min= 41|lat_sec=49
   |lon_dir = E|lon_deg= 72|lon_min= 37|lon_sec=0
  |CoordAddon                        = 
  |CoordScale                        =          
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 300
| mintaqa xaritasi oʻlchami =
| tuman xaritasi oʻlchami =
| mamlakat xaritasi =
| mintaqa xaritasi =
| tuman xaritasi =
| ichki bolinishi =
| rahbar turi =
| rahbar =
| asos solingan =
| ilk eslatilishi =
| avvalgi nomlari =
| qachondan beri = 2009
| maydon =
| balandlik turi =
| AP markazi balandligi =
| iqlim =
| rasmiy til =
| aholi =
| sanalgan yil =
| zichlik =
| aglomeratsiya =
| milliy tarkib =
| konfessiyaviy tarkib =
| etnoxronim =
| vaqt mintaqasi = +5
| DST =
| telefon kodi =
| pochta indeksi =
| pochta indekslari =
| sayt =
| avtomobil kodi =
| identifikator turi =
| raqamli identifikator =
| Commons turkumi =
}}
'''Jalolquduq''' ({{lang-ru|Джалалкудук}}) – [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi]] [[Andijon viloyati]] [[Jalaquduq (tuman)|Jalaquduq tumani]]ga qarashli shaharcha. 2009-yilda shaharcha maqomi berilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://static.norma.uz/documents/15.12.08/68.rtf POSTANOVLYeNIYe KABINYeTA MINISTROV RYeSPUBLIKI UZBYeKISTAN 13.03.2009 g. N 68 O DOPOLNITYeLNIX MYeRAX PO SOVYeRShYeNSTVOVANIYu ADMINISTRATIVNO-TYeRRITORIALNOGO USTROYSTVA NASYeLYeNNIX PUNKTOV RYeSPUBLIKI UZBYeKISTAN]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston:Shaharchalar]]
[[Turkum:Jalaquduq tumanidagi shahar tipidagi aholi punktlari]]


{{chala}}</text>
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        <username>Janob Mirzaolim</username>
        <id>64438</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston:Shaharchalar]] olib tashlandi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="1840" sha1="8ci5oq30g9r02y8kg1tlamdgx8wywpo" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti 
| oʻzbekcha nomi                      = Jalolquduq &lt;br /&gt; {{lang-ru|Джалалкудук}}
| mavqe = Shaharcha
| mamlakat = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi = viloyat
| mintaqa = Andijon viloyati
| jadvalda mintaqa =
| tuman turi = tuman
| tuman = Jalaquduq (tuman)
| jadvalda tuman =
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat =
| jadvalda jamoat =
| qaram =
| gerb =
| bayroq =
   |lat_dir = N|lat_deg= 40|lat_min= 41|lat_sec=49
   |lon_dir = E|lon_deg= 72|lon_min= 37|lon_sec=0
  |CoordAddon                        = 
  |CoordScale                        =          
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 300
| mintaqa xaritasi oʻlchami =
| tuman xaritasi oʻlchami =
| mamlakat xaritasi =
| mintaqa xaritasi =
| tuman xaritasi =
| ichki bolinishi =
| rahbar turi =
| rahbar =
| asos solingan =
| ilk eslatilishi =
| avvalgi nomlari =
| qachondan beri = 2009
| maydon =
| balandlik turi =
| AP markazi balandligi =
| iqlim =
| rasmiy til =
| aholi =
| sanalgan yil =
| zichlik =
| aglomeratsiya =
| milliy tarkib =
| konfessiyaviy tarkib =
| etnoxronim =
| vaqt mintaqasi = +5
| DST =
| telefon kodi =
| pochta indeksi =
| pochta indekslari =
| sayt =
| avtomobil kodi =
| identifikator turi =
| raqamli identifikator =
| Commons turkumi =
}}
'''Jalolquduq''' ({{lang-ru|Джалалкудук}}) – [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi]] [[Andijon viloyati]] [[Jalaquduq (tuman)|Jalaquduq tumani]]ga qarashli shaharcha. 2009-yilda shaharcha maqomi berilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://static.norma.uz/documents/15.12.08/68.rtf POSTANOVLYeNIYe KABINYeTA MINISTROV RYeSPUBLIKI UZBYeKISTAN 13.03.2009 g. N 68 O DOPOLNITYeLNIX MYeRAX PO SOVYeRShYeNSTVOVANIYu ADMINISTRATIVNO-TYeRRITORIALNOGO USTROYSTVA NASYeLYeNNIX PUNKTOV RYeSPUBLIKI UZBYeKISTAN]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Jalaquduq tumanidagi shahar tipidagi aholi punktlari]]


{{chala}}</text>
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    <title>Koʻkdala</title>
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        <id>64438</id>
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      <comment>[[Maxsus:Contributions/Janob Mirzaolim|Janob Mirzaolim]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Janob Mirzaolim|munozara]]) tomonidan qilingan 3988284-sonli tahrir tiklandi: Butun matn o'chirib yuborilgan</comment>
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| oʻzbekcha nomi                      = Koʻkdala
| mavqe = Shaharcha
| mamlakat = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi = viloyat
| mintaqa = Qashqadaryo viloyati
| jadvalda mintaqa =
| tuman turi = tuman
| tuman = Koʻkdala tumani
| jadvalda tuman =
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat =
| jadvalda jamoat =
| qaram =
| gerb =
| bayroq =
   |lat_dir = N|lat_deg= 39|lat_min= 13|lat_sec=20
   |lon_dir = E|lon_deg= 66|lon_min= 9|lon_sec=47
  |CoordAddon                        = 
  |CoordScale                        =          
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 300
| mintaqa xaritasi oʻlchami =
| tuman xaritasi oʻlchami =
| mamlakat xaritasi =
| mintaqa xaritasi =
| tuman xaritasi =
| ichki bolinishi =
| rahbar turi =
| rahbar =
| asos solingan =
| ilk eslatilishi =
| avvalgi nomlari =
| qachondan beri = 2009
| maydon =
| balandlik turi =
| AP markazi balandligi =
| iqlim =
| rasmiy til =
| aholi =34,500 ga yaqin
| sanalgan yil =2015
| zichlik =
| aglomeratsiya =
| milliy tarkib =oʻzbeklar
| konfessiyaviy tarkib =musulmonlar
| etnoxronim =
| vaqt mintaqasi = +5
| DST =
| telefon kodi =
| pochta indeksi =
| pochta indekslari =
| sayt =
| avtomobil kodi =
| identifikator turi =
| raqamli identifikator =
| Commons turkumi =
}}
'''Koʻkdala''' ({{lang-ru|Кукдала}}) – [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi]] [[Qashqadaryo viloyati]] [[Ko'kdala tumani]]ga qarashli shaharcha. 2009-yilda shaharcha maqomi berilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://static.norma.uz/documents/15.12.08/68.rtf ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КАБИНЕТА МИНИСТРОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН 13.03.2009 г. N 68 О ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕРАХ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

{{stub}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston:Shaharchalar]]
[[Turkum:Koʻkdala tumani shaharchalari]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988633</id>
      <parentid>5988632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T13:04:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Janob Mirzaolim</username>
        <id>64438</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston:Shaharchalar]] olib tashlandi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="1945" sha1="0t5ip3t8tkx64flwa9pz4pbpy012uah" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti 
| oʻzbekcha nomi                      = Koʻkdala
| mavqe = Shaharcha
| mamlakat = Oʻzbekiston
| mintaqa turi = viloyat
| mintaqa = Qashqadaryo viloyati
| jadvalda mintaqa =
| tuman turi = tuman
| tuman = Koʻkdala tumani
| jadvalda tuman =
| jamoat turi =
| jamoat =
| jadvalda jamoat =
| qaram =
| gerb =
| bayroq =
   |lat_dir = N|lat_deg= 39|lat_min= 13|lat_sec=20
   |lon_dir = E|lon_deg= 66|lon_min= 9|lon_sec=47
  |CoordAddon                        = 
  |CoordScale                        =          
| mamlakat xaritasi oʻlchami = 300
| mintaqa xaritasi oʻlchami =
| tuman xaritasi oʻlchami =
| mamlakat xaritasi =
| mintaqa xaritasi =
| tuman xaritasi =
| ichki bolinishi =
| rahbar turi =
| rahbar =
| asos solingan =
| ilk eslatilishi =
| avvalgi nomlari =
| qachondan beri = 2009
| maydon =
| balandlik turi =
| AP markazi balandligi =
| iqlim =
| rasmiy til =
| aholi =34,500 ga yaqin
| sanalgan yil =2015
| zichlik =
| aglomeratsiya =
| milliy tarkib =oʻzbeklar
| konfessiyaviy tarkib =musulmonlar
| etnoxronim =
| vaqt mintaqasi = +5
| DST =
| telefon kodi =
| pochta indeksi =
| pochta indekslari =
| sayt =
| avtomobil kodi =
| identifikator turi =
| raqamli identifikator =
| Commons turkumi =
}}
'''Koʻkdala''' ({{lang-ru|Кукдала}}) – [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi]] [[Qashqadaryo viloyati]] [[Ko'kdala tumani]]ga qarashli shaharcha. 2009-yilda shaharcha maqomi berilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://static.norma.uz/documents/15.12.08/68.rtf ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КАБИНЕТА МИНИСТРОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН 13.03.2009 г. N 68 О ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ МЕРАХ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

{{stub}}

[[Turkum:Koʻkdala tumani shaharchalari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Sloveniya Prezidentlari</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>673283</id>
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        <id>42650</id>
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      <comment>+</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="644" sha1="bmryxhouzfzuw9ozaj6u5a88548e0e8" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name   = Sloveniya Prezidentlari
| title  = [[Sloveniya Prezidenti|Sloveniya Prezidentlari]]
| state = collapsed
|listclass = hlist

| list1  =
* [[Josip Vidmar]]
* [[Miha Marinko]]
* [[Vida Tomšič]]
* [[Viktor Avbelj]]
* [[Ivan Maček]]
* [[Sergej Kraigher]]
* [[Tone Kropušek]]
* [[Marijan Brecelj]]
* [[Sergej Kraigher]]
* [[Viktor Avbelj]]
* [[France Popit]]
* [[Janez Stanovnik]]
* [[Milan Kučan]]
* [[Janez Drnovšek]]
* [[Danilo Türk]]
* [[Borut Pahor]]
* [[Nataša Pirc Musar]]
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Turkum:Andozalar:Sloveniya]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Turkum:Sloveniya Prezidentlari]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Sloveniya Bosh vazirlari</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>673284</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:34:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Upwinxp</username>
        <id>42650</id>
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      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>5988952</origin>
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      <text bytes="828" sha1="fzn9diqfkuke713291ohwed0jnhj8br" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name   = Sloveniya Bosh vazirlari
| title  = [[Sloveniya Bosh vaziri|Sloveniya Bosh vazirlari]]
| state = &lt;includeonly&gt;collapsed&lt;/includeonly&gt;
| listclass = hlist
| list1  = [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|40px|right]]
* [[Boris Kidrič]]
* [[Miha Marinko]]
* [[Boris Kraigher]]
* [[Viktor Avbelj]]
* [[Janko Smole]]
* [[Stane Kavčič]]
* [[Andrej Marinc]]
* [[Anton Vratuša]]
* [[Janez Zemljarič]]
* [[Dušan Šinigoj]]
* [[Lojze Peterle]]
* [[Janez Drnovšek]]
* [[Andrej Bajuk]]
* [[Janez Drnovšek]]
* [[Anton Rop]]
* [[Janez Janša]]
* [[Borut Pahor]]
* [[Janez Janša]]
* [[Alenka Bratušek]]
* [[Miro Cerar]]
* [[Marjan Šarec]]
* [[Janez Janša]]
* [[Robert Golob]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Turkum:Andozalar:Sloveniya]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Turkum:Sloveniya Bosh vazirlari]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2014-yil kinoda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>681183</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5989009</id>
      <parentid>5952963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:28:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Kichik tuzatish</comment>
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      <text bytes="2345" sha1="qexnmto2kiz82387s8lfd85gtalibfz" xml:space="preserve">{{yillar kinoda}}

Ushbu maqola [[2014-yil]]da [[kino sanoati]]da yuz bergan voqealar, jumladan, eng kassabop [[Film|filmlar]], [[kinofestival]]lar, shu yili vafot etgan eʼtiborga molik kino arboblari haqida umumiy maʼlumot beradi.

==Eng kassabop filmlar==
2014-yildagi eng kassabop filmlar TOP 10'taligi:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&amp;yr=2014&amp;p=.htm 2014 Yearly Box Office Results Mojo&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!-- Note: We only link the distributors ONCE--&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; margin:auto;&quot;
|+2014-yildagi eng kassabop filmlar
|-
! O‘rin!! Film !! Distributor !! Daromad
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 1
| ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' 
| [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]]
| $1,104,054,072
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 2
| ''[[Hobbit: Besh koinotning urushi]]''
| [[Warner Bros.]]
| $956,019,788
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3
| ''[[Galaktika Qoʻriqchilari (film)|Galaktika Qoʻriqchilari]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2 | [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Disney]]&lt;!--DISTRIBUTOR ONLY--&gt;
| $773,328,629
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4
| '' [[Maleficent (film)|Maleficent]]''
| $758,539,785
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 5
| ''[[Hayot mamot oʻyinlari: Olov qushi – 1-qism]]''
| [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]]
| $755,356,711			 
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 6
| ''[[Gʻaroyib odamlar: Oʻtgan kelajak]]''
| [[20th Century Fox]] 
| $747,862,775		
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 7
| ''[[Kapitan Amerika: Qish askari]]''
| Disney
| $714,264,267	
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 8
| ''[[Maymunlar sayyorasi: Inqilob]]''
| 20th Century Fox
| $710,644,566	 
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 9
| ''[[Yangi Oʻrgimchak-odam 2]]''
| [[Sony Pictures]]
| $708,982,323
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 10
| ''[[Interstellar]]''
| Paramount / Warner Bros.
| $677,463,813
|}

==Oʻlimlar==

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar == 
* [https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature,short&amp;release_date=2014-01-01,2014-12-31&amp;adult=include&amp;sort=num_votes,desc 2014-yilda ekranlarga chiqarilgan filmlar roʻyxati] [[IMDb]]da
* [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2014/?grossesOption=calendarGrosses 2014-yilning eng kassabop filmlari roʻyxati] [[Box Office Mojo]]da

{{Portal bar|Kino}}

[[Turkum:2014-yil kinoda| ]]
[[Turkum:Yillar boʻyicha kino]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Transformers (film)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>681857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988944</id>
      <parentid>5980398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:22Z</timestamp>
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        <id>49138</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988944</origin>
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      <text bytes="8099" sha1="3jizsnq5qp1zuknpf9ycnhjvkek1dcx" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar
| asl_nom              = Transformers
| tasvir               = Transformerlar07.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* [[Roberto Orci]]
* [[Alex Kurtzman]]
}}
| hikoya               = {{Plainlist|
* John Rogers
* Roberto Orci
* Alex Kurtzman
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shia LaBeouf]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[Anthony Anderson]]
* [[Megan Fox]]
* [[Rachael Taylor]]
* [[John Turturro]] 
* [[Jon Voight]]
}}
| operator             = Mitchell Amundsen
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Paul Rubell
* Glen Scantlebury
* Thomas A. Muldoon
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* [[DreamWorks Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;numbers&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers (2007) - Financial Information|work=[[The Numbers]] |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Transformers#tab=summary |access-date=20-aprel 2021-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2007|6|10|N Seoul Tower|2007|7|3|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 143 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/transformers-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0znzq3ntu | title=''Transformers'' | website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | access-date=11-may 2022-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $150–200 million&lt;ref name=&quot;Tourtellotte (2007)&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |author=Bob Tourtellotte |title=&quot;Transformers&quot; film yields big bang on fewer bucks |date=1-iyul 2007-yil |work=[[Reuters]] |quote=But the producers of &quot;Transformers&quot;, Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Ian Bryce, say they have spent only $150 million on &quot;Transformers&quot;, and they reckon they got a bargain. |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2943327020070702 |access-date=19-avgust 2010-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |author1=ALEX CHADWICK |author2=KIM MASTERS |title='Spider-Man 3': Why So Expensive? |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9914883 |website=[[NPR]] |date=30-aprel 2007-yil |access-date=29-aprel 2020-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $709,7 million&lt;ref name=&quot;boxmojo&quot;&gt;{{Cite Box Office Mojo|title=Transformers|id=0418279|access-date=16-fevral 2021-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]]''
}}
'''''Transformerlar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers'''}}) 2007-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] birinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy mualliflari esa [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Shia LaBeouf]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[Anthony Anderson]], [[Megan Fox]], [[Rachael Taylor]], [[John Turturro]] va [[Jon Voight]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar'' AQShda 3-iyul 2007-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $709 million toʻplab, [[2007-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2007-yilning 5&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning besh sikveli bor: ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]]'' (2009), ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]'' (2011), ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' (2014), ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

== Rollarda ==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
{{div col}}
* [[Shia LaBeouf]] — [[Sam Witwicky]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — kapitan [[William Lennox]]
* [[Megan Fox]] — [[Mikaela Banes]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]] — serjant [[Robert Epps]]&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://yourcinemafilms.com/2020/03/they-offered-me-tyresses-role-ashley-walters-on-having-to-turn-down-transformers-securing-top-boy-as-a-result-ashleywalters82-watch-now/ | title='They offered me Tyresse's role' Ashley Walters on having to turn down Transformers &amp; securing Top Boy — a result! @Ashleywalters82 &amp;#124; WATCH NOW – Your Cinema }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Rachael Taylor]] — Maggie Madsen
* [[Anthony Anderson]] — Glen Whitmann
* [[John Turturro]] — agent [[Seymour Simmons]]
* [[Jon Voight]] — John Keller
* [[Michael O'Neill]] — Tom Banachek
* [[Kevin Dunn]] — [[Ron Witwicky]]: Sam{{'}}ning otasi.
* [[Julie White]] — [[Judy Witwicky]]: Sam{{'}}ning onasi.
* [[Amaury Nolasco]] — Jorge „Fig“ Figueroa
* [[Zack Ward]] — serjant Donnelly
* [[W. Morgan Sheppard]] — kapitan Archibald Witwicky
* [[Bernie Mac]] — Bobby Bolivia
* [[John Robinson]] — Miles Lancaster: Sam{{'}}ning yaqin doʻsti.
* [[Travis Van Winkle]] — [[Trent DeMarco]]: Mikaela{{'}}ning sobiq yigiti.
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — polkovnik Sharp
{{div col end}}

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]
* [[Mark Ryan]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
* [[Darius McCrary]] — [[Jazz (Transformerlar)|Jazz]]
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Ironhide
* [[Hugo Weaving]] — [[Megatron]]
* Jim Wood — Bonecrusher
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Frenzy&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/02/the-lost-roles-of-howard-stern.html |title=The Lost Roles of Howard Stern |work=Vulture |last=Evans |first=Bradford |date=9-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=31-avgust 2021-yil |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.darkhorizons.com/stern-turns-down-transformers/ | title=Stern Turns Down Transformers | date=5-iyun 2007-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Charlie Adler]] — Starscream

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot; heights=&quot;130&quot;&gt;
File:Optimusprimealtmoviemode.jpg|[[Peterbilt 379]] Optimus Prime{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:BumblebeeCamaro-02.jpg|[[Chevrolet Camaro]] Bumblebee{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:Jazz-realcar.jpg|[[Pontiac Solstice]] Jazz{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:ironhide-movievehicle.jpg|[[GMC Topkick]] Ironhide{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:Hummer H2 Transformer.jpg|[[Hummer H2]] Ratchet{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Musiqasi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!align=&quot;center&quot;|#
!align=&quot;center&quot;|Nom
!align=&quot;center&quot;|Ijrochi(lar)
|-
|1
| „[[What I've Done]]“
|[[Linkin Park]]
|-
|2
| „[[Doomsday Clock]]“
|[[The Smashing Pumpkins|Smashing Pumpkins]]
|-
|3
| „This Moment“
|[[Disturbed]]
|-
|4
| „Before Itʼs Too Late“
|[[Goo Goo Dolls]]
|-
|5
| „[[Pretty Handsome Awkward]]“
|[[The Used]]
|-
|6
| „[[Venus Doom|Passionʼs Killing Floor]]“
|[[HIM]]
|-
|7
| „[[What's It Feel Like to Be a Ghost?]]“
|[[Taking Back Sunday]]
|-
|8
| „Second to None (ft. [[Mike Shinoda]])“
|[[Styles of Beyond]]
|-
|9
| „End of the World“
|[[Armor for Sleep]]
|-
|10
| „Retina and the Sky“
|[[Idiot Pilot]]
|-
|11
| „Technical Difficulties“
|[[Julien-K]]
|-
|12
| „Transformers Theme“
|[[Mutemath]]
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons category|Transformers (film)}}
* {{IMDbda film|0418279|Transformers}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2007-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:DreamWorks Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>3jizsnq5qp1zuknpf9ycnhjvkek1dcx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988980</id>
      <parentid>5988944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:12:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan sahifa nomini [[Transformerlar (film)]]dan [[Transformers (film)]]ga yoʻnaltirish ustidan koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988944</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8099" sha1="3jizsnq5qp1zuknpf9ycnhjvkek1dcx" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar
| asl_nom              = Transformers
| tasvir               = Transformerlar07.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* [[Roberto Orci]]
* [[Alex Kurtzman]]
}}
| hikoya               = {{Plainlist|
* John Rogers
* Roberto Orci
* Alex Kurtzman
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shia LaBeouf]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[Anthony Anderson]]
* [[Megan Fox]]
* [[Rachael Taylor]]
* [[John Turturro]] 
* [[Jon Voight]]
}}
| operator             = Mitchell Amundsen
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Paul Rubell
* Glen Scantlebury
* Thomas A. Muldoon
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* [[DreamWorks Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;numbers&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers (2007) - Financial Information|work=[[The Numbers]] |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Transformers#tab=summary |access-date=20-aprel 2021-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2007|6|10|N Seoul Tower|2007|7|3|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 143 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/transformers-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0znzq3ntu | title=''Transformers'' | website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | access-date=11-may 2022-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $150–200 million&lt;ref name=&quot;Tourtellotte (2007)&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |author=Bob Tourtellotte |title=&quot;Transformers&quot; film yields big bang on fewer bucks |date=1-iyul 2007-yil |work=[[Reuters]] |quote=But the producers of &quot;Transformers&quot;, Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Ian Bryce, say they have spent only $150 million on &quot;Transformers&quot;, and they reckon they got a bargain. |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2943327020070702 |access-date=19-avgust 2010-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |author1=ALEX CHADWICK |author2=KIM MASTERS |title='Spider-Man 3': Why So Expensive? |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9914883 |website=[[NPR]] |date=30-aprel 2007-yil |access-date=29-aprel 2020-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $709,7 million&lt;ref name=&quot;boxmojo&quot;&gt;{{Cite Box Office Mojo|title=Transformers|id=0418279|access-date=16-fevral 2021-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]]''
}}
'''''Transformerlar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers'''}}) 2007-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] birinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy mualliflari esa [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Shia LaBeouf]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[Anthony Anderson]], [[Megan Fox]], [[Rachael Taylor]], [[John Turturro]] va [[Jon Voight]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar'' AQShda 3-iyul 2007-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $709 million toʻplab, [[2007-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2007-yilning 5&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning besh sikveli bor: ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]]'' (2009), ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]'' (2011), ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' (2014), ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

== Rollarda ==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
{{div col}}
* [[Shia LaBeouf]] — [[Sam Witwicky]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — kapitan [[William Lennox]]
* [[Megan Fox]] — [[Mikaela Banes]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]] — serjant [[Robert Epps]]&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://yourcinemafilms.com/2020/03/they-offered-me-tyresses-role-ashley-walters-on-having-to-turn-down-transformers-securing-top-boy-as-a-result-ashleywalters82-watch-now/ | title='They offered me Tyresse's role' Ashley Walters on having to turn down Transformers &amp; securing Top Boy — a result! @Ashleywalters82 &amp;#124; WATCH NOW – Your Cinema }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Rachael Taylor]] — Maggie Madsen
* [[Anthony Anderson]] — Glen Whitmann
* [[John Turturro]] — agent [[Seymour Simmons]]
* [[Jon Voight]] — John Keller
* [[Michael O'Neill]] — Tom Banachek
* [[Kevin Dunn]] — [[Ron Witwicky]]: Sam{{'}}ning otasi.
* [[Julie White]] — [[Judy Witwicky]]: Sam{{'}}ning onasi.
* [[Amaury Nolasco]] — Jorge „Fig“ Figueroa
* [[Zack Ward]] — serjant Donnelly
* [[W. Morgan Sheppard]] — kapitan Archibald Witwicky
* [[Bernie Mac]] — Bobby Bolivia
* [[John Robinson]] — Miles Lancaster: Sam{{'}}ning yaqin doʻsti.
* [[Travis Van Winkle]] — [[Trent DeMarco]]: Mikaela{{'}}ning sobiq yigiti.
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — polkovnik Sharp
{{div col end}}

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]
* [[Mark Ryan]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
* [[Darius McCrary]] — [[Jazz (Transformerlar)|Jazz]]
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Ironhide
* [[Hugo Weaving]] — [[Megatron]]
* Jim Wood — Bonecrusher
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Frenzy&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/02/the-lost-roles-of-howard-stern.html |title=The Lost Roles of Howard Stern |work=Vulture |last=Evans |first=Bradford |date=9-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=31-avgust 2021-yil |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.darkhorizons.com/stern-turns-down-transformers/ | title=Stern Turns Down Transformers | date=5-iyun 2007-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Charlie Adler]] — Starscream

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot; heights=&quot;130&quot;&gt;
File:Optimusprimealtmoviemode.jpg|[[Peterbilt 379]] Optimus Prime{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:BumblebeeCamaro-02.jpg|[[Chevrolet Camaro]] Bumblebee{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:Jazz-realcar.jpg|[[Pontiac Solstice]] Jazz{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:ironhide-movievehicle.jpg|[[GMC Topkick]] Ironhide{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
File:Hummer H2 Transformer.jpg|[[Hummer H2]] Ratchet{{'}}ni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Musiqasi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!align=&quot;center&quot;|#
!align=&quot;center&quot;|Nom
!align=&quot;center&quot;|Ijrochi(lar)
|-
|1
| „[[What I've Done]]“
|[[Linkin Park]]
|-
|2
| „[[Doomsday Clock]]“
|[[The Smashing Pumpkins|Smashing Pumpkins]]
|-
|3
| „This Moment“
|[[Disturbed]]
|-
|4
| „Before Itʼs Too Late“
|[[Goo Goo Dolls]]
|-
|5
| „[[Pretty Handsome Awkward]]“
|[[The Used]]
|-
|6
| „[[Venus Doom|Passionʼs Killing Floor]]“
|[[HIM]]
|-
|7
| „[[What's It Feel Like to Be a Ghost?]]“
|[[Taking Back Sunday]]
|-
|8
| „Second to None (ft. [[Mike Shinoda]])“
|[[Styles of Beyond]]
|-
|9
| „End of the World“
|[[Armor for Sleep]]
|-
|10
| „Retina and the Sky“
|[[Idiot Pilot]]
|-
|11
| „Technical Difficulties“
|[[Julien-K]]
|-
|12
| „Transformers Theme“
|[[Mutemath]]
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons category|Transformers (film)}}
* {{IMDbda film|0418279|Transformers}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2007-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:DreamWorks Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>3jizsnq5qp1zuknpf9ycnhjvkek1dcx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>681926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988947</id>
      <parentid>5980400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7476" sha1="lrvs0r17fjkczw5ukim063a6n1l37r9" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi
| asl_nom              = Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
| tasvir               = TF2SteelPoster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* Ehren Kruger
* [[Roberto Orci]]
* [[Alex Kurtzman]]
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Shia LaBeouf]]
* [[Megan Fox]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]]
* [[John Turturro]]
}}
| operator             = Ben Seresin
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Roger Barton
* Paul Rubell
* Joel Negron
* Thomas A. Muldoon
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* [[DreamWorks Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;/&gt;
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2009|06|08|[[Tokio]]|2009|06|24|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 149 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url= https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-revenge-fallen-2009-1 | title=''TRANSFORMERS: REVENGE OF THE FALLEN'' (12A) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]] | date=15-iyun 2009-yil | access-date=19-yanvar 2016-yil |url-status=dead |archive-date=21-yanvar 2016-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121074412/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-revenge-fallen-2009-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $200–210 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Transformers-Revenge-of-the-Fallen#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety-budget&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=25-iyun 2014-yil |last=Lang |first=Brent |title='Transformers': The Anatomy of a Cross-Platform Money Maker |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/transformers-the-anatomy-of-a-cross-platform-money-maker-1201245881/ |website=Variety |quote=With a pricetag north of $210 million after rebates, it’s one of the summer’s most expensive titles. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $836,3 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers2.htm|title=Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=17-oktabr 2009-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar (film)|Transformerlar]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]''
}}'''''Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen'''}}) 2009-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] ikkinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy mualliflari esa Ehren Kruger, [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Shia LaBeouf]], [[Megan Fox]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[Tyrese Gibson]] va [[John Turturro]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi'' AQShda 24-iyun 2009-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $836 million toʻplab, [[2009-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2009-yilning 4&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning toʻrt sikveli bor: ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]'' (2011), ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' (2014), ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

==Rollarda==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}

* [[Shia LaBeouf]] — Sam Witwicky
* [[Megan Fox]] — Mikaela Banes
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — William Lennox:
* [[Tyrese Gibson]] — Robert Epps
* [[John Turturro]] — Seymour Simmons
* [[Ramón Rodríguez]] — Leo Spitz&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi | url=https://ew.com/article/2008/05/07/jonah-hill/ | title=Jonah Hill no longer in talks for 'Transformers 2' | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | qaralgan sana=2023-03-05 | arxiv-sana=2023-01-10 | arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051940/https://ew.com/article/2008/05/07/jonah-hill/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/20/magazine/seth-rogen.html | title=Seth Rogen and the Secret to Happiness | work=The New York Times | date=20-aprel 2021-yil | last1=Weiner | first1=Jonah }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kevin Dunn]] — Ron Witwicky
* [[Julie White]] — Judith Witwicky
* [[Isabel Lucas]] — Alice
* [[John Benjamin Hickey]] — Theodore Galloway
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — &lt;small&gt;general&lt;/small&gt; Morshower
* [[Matthew Marsden]] — Graham
* [[Rainn Wilson]] — &lt;small&gt;professor&lt;/small&gt; R. A. Colan
* [[Michael Papajohn]] — Colin „Cal“ Banes

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
[[File:Transformers The Ride at Universal Studios Florida.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Universal Studios|Universal Studios Florida]]{{'}}da [[Optimus Prime]]ga atalgan haykal.]]
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]
* [[Hugo Weaving]] — [[Megatron]]
* [[Tony Todd]] — Fallen
* [[Mark Ryan]] — Jetfire
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Ironhide
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet
* [[Charlie Adler]] — Starscream
* [[Frank Welker]] — Soundwave, Reedman va Devastator
* [[Tom Kenny]] — Wheelie
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Mudflap
* [[Grey DeLisle]] — Arcee
* Calvin Wimmer — Demolishor
* John DiCrosta — Scalpel
* [[Michael York]] — Prime #1
* [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] — Prime #2
* [[Robin Atkin Downes]] — Prime #3

== Musiqasi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|#
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Nom
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Ijrochi(lar)
|-
|1
| „[[New Divide]]“
|[[Linkin Park]]
|-
|2
| „[[21 Guns (qoʻshiq)|21 Guns]]“
|[[Green Day]]
|-
|3
| „Let It Go“
|[[Cavo]]
|-
|4
| „Capital M-E“
|[[Taking Back Sunday]]
|-
|5
| „[[Never Say Never]]“
|[[The Fray]]
|-
|6
| „[[Burn It to the Ground]]“
|[[Nickelback]]
|-
|7
| „[[Burning Down the House]]“
|[[The Used]]
|-
|8
| „[[Not Meant to Be]]“
|[[Theory of a Deadman]]
|-
|9
| „Real World“
|[[The All-American Rejects]]
|-
|10
| „I Donʼt Think I Love You“
|[[Hoobastank]]
|-
|11
| „[[This Is It]]“
|[[Staind]]
|-
|12
| „[[Almost Easy]]“
|[[Avenged Sevenfold]]
|-
|13
| „Transformers: The Fallen Remix“
|[[Cheap Trick]]
|}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum}}
* {{IMDbda film|1055369}}
* {{Mojoda film|transformers2}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2009-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:DreamWorks Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Intiqom haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh komediya filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>lrvs0r17fjkczw5ukim063a6n1l37r9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988985</id>
      <parentid>5988947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:14:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]] sahifasini [[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]ga koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7476" sha1="lrvs0r17fjkczw5ukim063a6n1l37r9" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi
| asl_nom              = Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
| tasvir               = TF2SteelPoster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* Ehren Kruger
* [[Roberto Orci]]
* [[Alex Kurtzman]]
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Shia LaBeouf]]
* [[Megan Fox]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]]
* [[John Turturro]]
}}
| operator             = Ben Seresin
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Roger Barton
* Paul Rubell
* Joel Negron
* Thomas A. Muldoon
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* [[DreamWorks Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;/&gt;
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2009|06|08|[[Tokio]]|2009|06|24|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 149 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url= https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-revenge-fallen-2009-1 | title=''TRANSFORMERS: REVENGE OF THE FALLEN'' (12A) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]] | date=15-iyun 2009-yil | access-date=19-yanvar 2016-yil |url-status=dead |archive-date=21-yanvar 2016-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121074412/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-revenge-fallen-2009-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $200–210 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Transformers-Revenge-of-the-Fallen#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;variety-budget&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=25-iyun 2014-yil |last=Lang |first=Brent |title='Transformers': The Anatomy of a Cross-Platform Money Maker |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/transformers-the-anatomy-of-a-cross-platform-money-maker-1201245881/ |website=Variety |quote=With a pricetag north of $210 million after rebates, it’s one of the summer’s most expensive titles. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $836,3 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers2.htm|title=Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=17-oktabr 2009-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar (film)|Transformerlar]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]''
}}'''''Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen'''}}) 2009-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] ikkinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy mualliflari esa Ehren Kruger, [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Shia LaBeouf]], [[Megan Fox]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[Tyrese Gibson]] va [[John Turturro]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi'' AQShda 24-iyun 2009-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $836 million toʻplab, [[2009-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2009-yilning 4&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning toʻrt sikveli bor: ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]'' (2011), ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' (2014), ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

==Rollarda==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}

* [[Shia LaBeouf]] — Sam Witwicky
* [[Megan Fox]] — Mikaela Banes
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — William Lennox:
* [[Tyrese Gibson]] — Robert Epps
* [[John Turturro]] — Seymour Simmons
* [[Ramón Rodríguez]] — Leo Spitz&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi | url=https://ew.com/article/2008/05/07/jonah-hill/ | title=Jonah Hill no longer in talks for 'Transformers 2' | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | qaralgan sana=2023-03-05 | arxiv-sana=2023-01-10 | arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051940/https://ew.com/article/2008/05/07/jonah-hill/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/20/magazine/seth-rogen.html | title=Seth Rogen and the Secret to Happiness | work=The New York Times | date=20-aprel 2021-yil | last1=Weiner | first1=Jonah }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kevin Dunn]] — Ron Witwicky
* [[Julie White]] — Judith Witwicky
* [[Isabel Lucas]] — Alice
* [[John Benjamin Hickey]] — Theodore Galloway
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — &lt;small&gt;general&lt;/small&gt; Morshower
* [[Matthew Marsden]] — Graham
* [[Rainn Wilson]] — &lt;small&gt;professor&lt;/small&gt; R. A. Colan
* [[Michael Papajohn]] — Colin „Cal“ Banes

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
[[File:Transformers The Ride at Universal Studios Florida.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Universal Studios|Universal Studios Florida]]{{'}}da [[Optimus Prime]]ga atalgan haykal.]]
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]
* [[Hugo Weaving]] — [[Megatron]]
* [[Tony Todd]] — Fallen
* [[Mark Ryan]] — Jetfire
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Ironhide
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet
* [[Charlie Adler]] — Starscream
* [[Frank Welker]] — Soundwave, Reedman va Devastator
* [[Tom Kenny]] — Wheelie
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Mudflap
* [[Grey DeLisle]] — Arcee
* Calvin Wimmer — Demolishor
* John DiCrosta — Scalpel
* [[Michael York]] — Prime #1
* [[Kevin Michael Richardson]] — Prime #2
* [[Robin Atkin Downes]] — Prime #3

== Musiqasi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|#
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Nom
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|Ijrochi(lar)
|-
|1
| „[[New Divide]]“
|[[Linkin Park]]
|-
|2
| „[[21 Guns (qoʻshiq)|21 Guns]]“
|[[Green Day]]
|-
|3
| „Let It Go“
|[[Cavo]]
|-
|4
| „Capital M-E“
|[[Taking Back Sunday]]
|-
|5
| „[[Never Say Never]]“
|[[The Fray]]
|-
|6
| „[[Burn It to the Ground]]“
|[[Nickelback]]
|-
|7
| „[[Burning Down the House]]“
|[[The Used]]
|-
|8
| „[[Not Meant to Be]]“
|[[Theory of a Deadman]]
|-
|9
| „Real World“
|[[The All-American Rejects]]
|-
|10
| „I Donʼt Think I Love You“
|[[Hoobastank]]
|-
|11
| „[[This Is It]]“
|[[Staind]]
|-
|12
| „[[Almost Easy]]“
|[[Avenged Sevenfold]]
|-
|13
| „Transformers: The Fallen Remix“
|[[Cheap Trick]]
|}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum}}
* {{IMDbda film|1055369}}
* {{Mojoda film|transformers2}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2009-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:DreamWorks Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Intiqom haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh komediya filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>lrvs0r17fjkczw5ukim063a6n1l37r9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers: Dark of the Moon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>681949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988946</id>
      <parentid>5984359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9443" sha1="ocqd0olfuiu09fwmcct748x3tagjlzb" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar
| asl_nom              = Transformers: Dark of the Moon
| tasvir               = Transformers dark of the moon ver5.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = Ehren Kruger
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shia LaBeouf]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[John Turturro]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]]
* [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]]
* [[Patrick Dempsey]]
* [[Kevin Dunn]]
* [[Julie White]]
* [[John Malkovich]]
* [[Frances McDormand]]
}}
| operator             = Amir Mokri
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Roger Barton
* William Goldenberg
* Joel Negron
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2011|6|23|[[Moskva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Premiere&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/transformers-dark-of-the-moon-presents-linkin-park-%E2%80%93-live-in-moscow-on-june-23rd-in-support-of-movie |title=Transformers: Dark Of The Moon Presents Linkin Park – Live In Moscow On June 23 In Support Of Movie's World Premiere In Russia |publisher=[[Paramount Pictures]]|date=23-may 2011-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320074730/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/transformers-dark-of-the-moon-presents-linkin-park-%E2%80%93-live-in-moscow-on-june-23rd-in-support-of-movie|archive-date=March 20, 2012|access-date=12-fevral 2016-yil|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|2011|6|29|AQSh&lt;ref name=&quot;reldates&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.transformersmovie.com/intl/releasedates/release-dates.html |title=Global sites &amp; Release Dates |publisher=Paramount Pictures|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221123017/http://www.transformersmovie.com/intl/releasedates/release-dates.html|archive-date=February 21, 2011|access-date=12-fevral 2016-yil|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;datechange&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|url=https://ew.com/article/2011/05/20/transformers-3-release-date/|title='Transformers: Dark of the Moon' gets new release date|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|first=Jeff|last=Labrecque|access-date=20-may 2011-yil|archive-date=15-mart 2022-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315161358/https://ew.com/article/2011/05/20/transformers-3-release-date/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| davomiylik           = 154 daqiqa&lt;ref name=&quot;runtime&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-dark-moon-2011-3 |title=Transformers – Dark Of The Moon|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]]|date=21-iyun 2011-yil|access-date=28-iyun 2011-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $195 million&lt;ref name=&quot;Fernandez&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Fernandez |first=Jay A. |title=Michael Bay Reveals James Cameron's Secret Role in the Making of 'Transformers' |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=25-may 2011-yil|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/michael-bay-reveals-james-camerons-191774|access-date=August 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BoxOfficeMojo&quot;/&gt;
| daromad              = $1,124 milliard&lt;ref name=&quot;BoxOfficeMojo&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers3.htm | title=Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=18-yanvar 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
}}'''''Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar''''' ({{lang-en|Transformers: Dark of the Moon}}) 2011-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] uchinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy muallifi esa Ehren Kruger{{'}}dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Shia LaBeouf]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[John Turturro]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]], [[Patrick Dempsey]], [[Kevin Dunn]], [[Julie White]], [[John Malkovich]] va [[Frances McDormand]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar'' AQShda 29-iyun 2011-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $1,124 milliard toʻplab, [[2011-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2011-yilning 2&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning uch sikveli bor: ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' (2014), ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

==Rollarda==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
=== Odamlar ===
* [[Shia LaBeouf]] — Sam Witwicky
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — polkovnik William Lennox
* [[John Turturro]] — Seymour Simmons
* [[Tyrese Gibson]] — Robert Epps
* [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]] — [[Carly Witwicky|Carly Spencer]], Sam{{'}}ning qiz doʻsti
* [[Patrick Dempsey]] — Dylan Gould
* [[Kevin Dunn]] — Ron Witwicky: Sam{{'}}ning otasi.
* [[Julie White]] — Judy Witwicky: Sam{{'}}ning onasi.
* [[John Malkovich]] — Bruce Brazos: Sam{{'}}ning boshligʻi
* [[Frances McDormand]] — Charlotte Mearing
* [[Keiko Agena]] — yordamchi
* [[Lester Speight]] — „Hardcore“ Eddie
* [[Josh Kelly]] — Stone
* [[Alan Tudyk]] — Dutch Gerhardt&lt;ref name=&quot;avclub&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.avclub.com/alan-tudyk-on-never-playing-the-same-role-twice-except-1798270141|title=Alan Tudyk on never playing the same role twice—except that one time|first=Sonia|last=Saraiya|work=The A.V. Club|quote=Confession: The same role I did in [[28 Days (film)|''28 Days'']], with [[Sandra Bullock]]—I did it in ''Transformers''. His name was Dutch, but I said: He’s the same guy. Not only does he kind of seem like the same guy—he’s the ''absolute'' same guy. |date=7-iyul 2014-yil|access-date=7-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ken Jeong]] — Jerry „Deep“ Wang
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — general Sharp Morshower
* [[Buzz Aldrin]] — oʻzi
* [[Bill O'Reilly]] — oʻzi
* [[Elya Baskin]] — fazogir Dimitri
* [[Andy Daly]] — Donnie
* [[Iqbal Theba]] — [[BMT]] kotibi
* [[Sammy Sheik]] — Faraj
* [[Mindy Sterling]] — Martha
* [[Chris Sheffield]]

=== Transformerlar ===
[[File:OptimusPrimeTF3BotCon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Peterbilt 379]] Optimus Prime{{'}}ning alternativ versiyasini tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.]]
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]
* [[Hugo Weaving]] — [[Megatron]]
* [[Leonard Nimoy]] — Sentinel Prime
* [[Mark Ryan]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Ironhide
* [[Charlie Adler]] — Starscream
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet
* [[James Remar]] — Sideswipe
* [[Francesco Quinn]] — Dino / Mirage
* [[George Coe]] — Que / Wheeljack
* [[Tom Kenny]] — Wheelie
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Brains
* [[Frank Welker]] — Shockwave
* [[John DiMaggio]] — Leadfoot
* [[Keith Szarabajka]] — Laserbeak
* [[Greg Berg]] — Igor

== Musiqasi ==
{{Tracklist
| total_length      = 59:47
| title1            = Dark Side of the Moon
| length1           = 3:49
| title2            = Sentinel Prime
| length2           = 3:16
| title3            = Lost Signal
| length3           = 4:08
| title4            = In Time You'll See
| length4           = 3:16
| title5            = Impress Me
| length5           = 3:00
| title6            = We Were Gods Once
| length6           = 4:22
| title7            = Battle
| length7           = 3:40
| title8            = There Is No Plan
| length8           = 3:36
| title9            = We All Work for the Decepticons 
| length9           = 1:51
| title10           = The Fight Will Be Your Own 
| length10          = 4:41
| title11           = Shockwave's Revenge 
| length11          = 2:00
| title12           = No Prisoners, Only Trophies 
| length12          = 3:32
| title13           = The World Needs You Now 
| length13          = 1:59
| title14           = It's Our Fight 
| length14          = 6:32
| title15           = I'm Just the Messenger
| length15          = 4:25
| title16           = I Promise
| length16          = 1:58
| title17           = Our Final Hope
| length17          = 3:42
}}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum|Transformers: Dark of the Moon}}
* {{IMDbda film|1399103}}
* {{AllMovie title|483210}}
* {{Mojoda film|transformers3}}

{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2011-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2011-yil 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:DreamWorks Pictures filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>ocqd0olfuiu09fwmcct748x3tagjlzb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988989</id>
      <parentid>5988946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:16:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan sahifa nomini [[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]dan [[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]ga yoʻnaltirish ustidan koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9443" sha1="ocqd0olfuiu09fwmcct748x3tagjlzb" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar
| asl_nom              = Transformers: Dark of the Moon
| tasvir               = Transformers dark of the moon ver5.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = Ehren Kruger
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|
* [[Shia LaBeouf]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[John Turturro]]
* [[Tyrese Gibson]]
* [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]]
* [[Patrick Dempsey]]
* [[Kevin Dunn]]
* [[Julie White]]
* [[John Malkovich]]
* [[Frances McDormand]]
}}
| operator             = Amir Mokri
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Roger Barton
* William Goldenberg
* Joel Negron
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2011|6|23|[[Moskva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Premiere&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/transformers-dark-of-the-moon-presents-linkin-park-%E2%80%93-live-in-moscow-on-june-23rd-in-support-of-movie |title=Transformers: Dark Of The Moon Presents Linkin Park – Live In Moscow On June 23 In Support Of Movie's World Premiere In Russia |publisher=[[Paramount Pictures]]|date=23-may 2011-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320074730/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/transformers-dark-of-the-moon-presents-linkin-park-%E2%80%93-live-in-moscow-on-june-23rd-in-support-of-movie|archive-date=March 20, 2012|access-date=12-fevral 2016-yil|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|2011|6|29|AQSh&lt;ref name=&quot;reldates&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.transformersmovie.com/intl/releasedates/release-dates.html |title=Global sites &amp; Release Dates |publisher=Paramount Pictures|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221123017/http://www.transformersmovie.com/intl/releasedates/release-dates.html|archive-date=February 21, 2011|access-date=12-fevral 2016-yil|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;datechange&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|url=https://ew.com/article/2011/05/20/transformers-3-release-date/|title='Transformers: Dark of the Moon' gets new release date|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|first=Jeff|last=Labrecque|access-date=20-may 2011-yil|archive-date=15-mart 2022-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315161358/https://ew.com/article/2011/05/20/transformers-3-release-date/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| davomiylik           = 154 daqiqa&lt;ref name=&quot;runtime&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-dark-moon-2011-3 |title=Transformers – Dark Of The Moon|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]]|date=21-iyun 2011-yil|access-date=28-iyun 2011-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $195 million&lt;ref name=&quot;Fernandez&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Fernandez |first=Jay A. |title=Michael Bay Reveals James Cameron's Secret Role in the Making of 'Transformers' |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=25-may 2011-yil|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/michael-bay-reveals-james-camerons-191774|access-date=August 14, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BoxOfficeMojo&quot;/&gt;
| daromad              = $1,124 milliard&lt;ref name=&quot;BoxOfficeMojo&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers3.htm | title=Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=18-yanvar 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
}}'''''Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar''''' ({{lang-en|Transformers: Dark of the Moon}}) 2011-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] uchinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy muallifi esa Ehren Kruger{{'}}dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Shia LaBeouf]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[John Turturro]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]], [[Patrick Dempsey]], [[Kevin Dunn]], [[Julie White]], [[John Malkovich]] va [[Frances McDormand]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar'' AQShda 29-iyun 2011-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $1,124 milliard toʻplab, [[2011-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2011-yilning 2&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning uch sikveli bor: ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' (2014), ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

==Rollarda==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
=== Odamlar ===
* [[Shia LaBeouf]] — Sam Witwicky
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — polkovnik William Lennox
* [[John Turturro]] — Seymour Simmons
* [[Tyrese Gibson]] — Robert Epps
* [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]] — [[Carly Witwicky|Carly Spencer]], Sam{{'}}ning qiz doʻsti
* [[Patrick Dempsey]] — Dylan Gould
* [[Kevin Dunn]] — Ron Witwicky: Sam{{'}}ning otasi.
* [[Julie White]] — Judy Witwicky: Sam{{'}}ning onasi.
* [[John Malkovich]] — Bruce Brazos: Sam{{'}}ning boshligʻi
* [[Frances McDormand]] — Charlotte Mearing
* [[Keiko Agena]] — yordamchi
* [[Lester Speight]] — „Hardcore“ Eddie
* [[Josh Kelly]] — Stone
* [[Alan Tudyk]] — Dutch Gerhardt&lt;ref name=&quot;avclub&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.avclub.com/alan-tudyk-on-never-playing-the-same-role-twice-except-1798270141|title=Alan Tudyk on never playing the same role twice—except that one time|first=Sonia|last=Saraiya|work=The A.V. Club|quote=Confession: The same role I did in [[28 Days (film)|''28 Days'']], with [[Sandra Bullock]]—I did it in ''Transformers''. His name was Dutch, but I said: He’s the same guy. Not only does he kind of seem like the same guy—he’s the ''absolute'' same guy. |date=7-iyul 2014-yil|access-date=7-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ken Jeong]] — Jerry „Deep“ Wang
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — general Sharp Morshower
* [[Buzz Aldrin]] — oʻzi
* [[Bill O'Reilly]] — oʻzi
* [[Elya Baskin]] — fazogir Dimitri
* [[Andy Daly]] — Donnie
* [[Iqbal Theba]] — [[BMT]] kotibi
* [[Sammy Sheik]] — Faraj
* [[Mindy Sterling]] — Martha
* [[Chris Sheffield]]

=== Transformerlar ===
[[File:OptimusPrimeTF3BotCon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Peterbilt 379]] Optimus Prime{{'}}ning alternativ versiyasini tasvirlash uchun ishlatilgan.]]
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]
* [[Hugo Weaving]] — [[Megatron]]
* [[Leonard Nimoy]] — Sentinel Prime
* [[Mark Ryan]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Ironhide
* [[Charlie Adler]] — Starscream
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet
* [[James Remar]] — Sideswipe
* [[Francesco Quinn]] — Dino / Mirage
* [[George Coe]] — Que / Wheeljack
* [[Tom Kenny]] — Wheelie
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Brains
* [[Frank Welker]] — Shockwave
* [[John DiMaggio]] — Leadfoot
* [[Keith Szarabajka]] — Laserbeak
* [[Greg Berg]] — Igor

== Musiqasi ==
{{Tracklist
| total_length      = 59:47
| title1            = Dark Side of the Moon
| length1           = 3:49
| title2            = Sentinel Prime
| length2           = 3:16
| title3            = Lost Signal
| length3           = 4:08
| title4            = In Time You'll See
| length4           = 3:16
| title5            = Impress Me
| length5           = 3:00
| title6            = We Were Gods Once
| length6           = 4:22
| title7            = Battle
| length7           = 3:40
| title8            = There Is No Plan
| length8           = 3:36
| title9            = We All Work for the Decepticons 
| length9           = 1:51
| title10           = The Fight Will Be Your Own 
| length10          = 4:41
| title11           = Shockwave's Revenge 
| length11          = 2:00
| title12           = No Prisoners, Only Trophies 
| length12          = 3:32
| title13           = The World Needs You Now 
| length13          = 1:59
| title14           = It's Our Fight 
| length14          = 6:32
| title15           = I'm Just the Messenger
| length15          = 4:25
| title16           = I Promise
| length16          = 1:58
| title17           = Our Final Hope
| length17          = 3:42
}}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum|Transformers: Dark of the Moon}}
* {{IMDbda film|1399103}}
* {{AllMovie title|483210}}
* {{Mojoda film|transformers3}}

{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2011-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2011-yil 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:DreamWorks Pictures filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>ocqd0olfuiu09fwmcct748x3tagjlzb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers: Age of Extinction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>681951</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988949</id>
      <parentid>5980402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988949</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16674" sha1="o5qjgmhevqi40hcnbgnqy76ivifdtjr" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformers: Age of Extinction
| tasvir               = Transformers Age of Extinction Poster.jpeg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = Ehren Kruger
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|&lt;!-- manba: http://www.impawards.com/2014/transformers_age_of_extinction_ver13_xlg.html --&gt;
* [[Mark Wahlberg]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| operator             = Amir Mokri
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist |
* William Goldenberg
* Roger Barton
* Paul Rubell
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* Hasbro Studios 
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2014|6|19|[[Hong Kong]]|2014|6|27|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 165 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-age-extinction-film | title=''TRANSFORMERS: AGE OF EXTINCTION'' (12A) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=19-iyun 2014-yil |quote=Approved Running time 164m 54s | access-date=10-oktabr 2020-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $210 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BoxOfficeMojo&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=transformers4.htm | title=Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014)|website= [[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=22-oktabr 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $1,104 milliard&lt;ref name=&quot;BoxOfficeMojo&quot; /&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi Ritsar]]''
}}
'''''Transformers: Age of Extinction''''' 2014-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] toʻrtinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy muallifi esa Ehren Kruger{{'}}dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Mark Wahlberg]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Kelsey Grammer]], [[Nicola Peltz]], [[Jack Reynor]], [[Sophia Myles]], [[Bingbing Li]], [[Titus Welliver]] va [[T.J. Miller]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformers: Age of Extinction'' AQShda 27-iyun 2014-yilda premyera qilindi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |date= 12-mart 2014-yil |first= Germain |last= Lussier |title= 'Transformers 4' IMAX Poster: Giant Robots On the Giant Screen |publisher=/Film |url= https://www.slashfilm.com/transformers-4-imax-poster/ |access-date= 20-mart 2014-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Film umumjahon boʻylab $1,104 milliard toʻplab, [[2014-yil filmlari#Eng kassabop film|2014-yilning 1&lt;sup&gt;chi&lt;/sup&gt; eng kassabop filmi]]ga aylandi.

Filmning ikki sikveli bor: ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017) va ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

Film oʻzbek tiliga „Favvora“ film studiyasi tomonidan dublyaj qilingan{{manba kerak}}.

==Rollarda==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
=== Odamlar ===
* [[Mark Wahlberg]] — Cade Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Wahlberg&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://michaelbay.com/2012/11/08/michel-bay-re-teams-with-his-pain-gain-star-mark-mark-wahlberg-for-transformers-4/ |title=Michael Bay Re-Teams With His 'Pain &amp; Gain' Star Mark Wahlberg for Transformers 4|publisher=Michael Bay.com|date=11-noyabr 2012-yil |access-date=3-fevral 2014-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210024506/http://michaelbay.com/2012/11/08/michel-bay-re-teams-with-his-pain-gain-star-mark-mark-wahlberg-for-transformers-4/|archive-date=February 10, 2014 |url-status= dead |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Stanley Tucci]] — Joshua Joyce&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=16-aprel 2013-yil |author=SILAS LESNICK |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/cinemaconnews.php?id=103034 |title=CinemaCon: Stanley Tucci Joins Transformers 4 |publisher=Comingsoon.net |access-date=13-iyul 2020-yil |arxivsana=6-oktabr 2014-yil |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112712/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/cinemaconnews.php?id=103034 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Meares |first=Tasha |url=http://fansided.com/2014/06/18/seven-new-images-transformers-age-extinction |title=Seven new images from Transformers: Age of Extinction |publisher=Fansided.com |date=18-iyun 2014-yil |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil |arxivsana=2014-09-11 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911083139/http://fansided.com/2014/06/18/seven-new-images-transformers-age-extinction/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kelsey Grammer]] — Harold Attinger&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|last=Fleming |first=Mike |url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/05/kelsey-grammer-lands-lead-human-villain-in-transformers-sequel/ |title=Kelsey Grammer Lands Lead (Human) Villain In 'Transformers' Sequel |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=1-may 2013-yil |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nicola Peltz]] — Tessa Yeager
* [[Jack Reynor]] — Shane Dyson&lt;ref name=&quot;THRHotYoung2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/michael-bay-testing-hot-young-390516 |title=Michael Bay Testing Hot Young Actors for 'Transformers 4' Leads (Exclusive) |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=14-noyabr 2012-yil |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=25-iyun 2013-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reynor2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jack-reynor-lands-starring-role-409850 |title=Jack Reynor Lands Starring Role |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=8-yanvar 2013-yil |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=3-fevral 2014-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Sophia Myles]] — Darcy Tyril&lt;ref name=&quot;thewrap.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/sophia-myles-join-mark-wahlberg-michael-bays-transformers-4-exclusive-89661 |title=Sophia Myles to Join Mark Wahlberg in Michael Bay's 'Transformers 4' (Exclusive) |publisher=TheWrap.com |date=6-may 2013-yil |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil |arxivsana=2020-01-08 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108133049/https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/sophia-myles-join-mark-wahlberg-michael-bays-transformers-4-exclusive-89661/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://collider.com/stanley-tucci-sophia-myles-transformers-age-of-extinction/ |title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Interview with Stanley Tucci |publisher=Collider.com |date=20-noyabr 2013-yil |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Li Bingbing]] — Su Yueming: (苏月明 ''Sū Yuèmíng'')&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |date= 19-may 2013-yil | author= Clarence Tsui |title=China's Li Bingbing Boards 'Transformers 4' |url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/chinas-li-bingbing-boards-transformers-525370 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date= 26-dekabr 2019-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Titus Welliver]] — James Savoy&lt;ref name=&quot;Titus Welliver&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://deadline.com/2013/07/transformers-4-adds-titus-welliver|title='Transformers 4' Adds Titus Welliver|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=24-iyul 2013-yil|qaralgan sana=2023-03-05|arxivsana=2014-05-06|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506001632/http://www.deadline.com/2013/07/transformers-4-adds-titus-welliver/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[T.J. Miller]] — Lucas Flannery&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/tj-miller-joins-transformers-4-559359 |title=T.J. Miller Joins 'Transformers4' |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=28-may 2013-yil |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[James Bachman]] — Gill Wembley&lt;ref name=&quot;Moviehole.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://moviehole.net/201473773melanie-specht-on-her-transformers-age-of-extinction-role|title=Melanie Specht on her 'Transformers: Age of Extinction' Role|last=Dennis|first=Carly|publisher=Moviehole.com|date=23-fevral 2014-yil|access-date=27-fevral 2014-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809201835/http://moviehole.net/201473773melanie-specht-on-her-transformers-age-of-extinction-role|archive-date=August 9, 2015 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://vivaglammagazine.com/culture/people-society/4286-victoria-summer.html |title=Victoria Summer: On Playing Julie Andrews and Working with Michael Bay |publisher=Viva Glam Magazine |date=13-dekabr 2013-yil |access-date=2-fevral 2014-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202205339/http://vivaglammagazine.com/culture/people-society/4286-victoria-summer.html |archive-date=2-fevral 2014-yil  |url-status= dead  |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Han Geng&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://michaelbay.com/2013/07/14/han-geng/ |title=Han Geng |publisher=Michaelbay.com |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil |archive-date=17-iyul 2013-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717133017/http://michaelbay.com/2013/07/14/han-geng/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.tfw2005.com/transformers-news/transformers-movie-just-movie-31/gms-top-designer-ed-welburn-to-make-cameo-appearance-in-transformers-4-age-of-extinction-180434/ |title=GM's Top Designer Ed Welburn To Make Cameo Appearance In Transformers 4 Age Of Extinction&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News |publisher=TFW2005 |date=20-iyun 2014-yil |access-date=13-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.aveleyman.com/FilmCredit.aspx?FilmID=31089|title=Transformers Age of Extinction|work=aveleyman.com|qaralgan sana=2023-03-05|arxivsana=2015-03-16|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316162350/http://www.aveleyman.com/FilmCredit.aspx?FilmID=31089}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/22/peter-cullen-back-as-optimus-for-transformers-4|title=Peter Cullen Back — Optimus for Transformers 4|last=Collura|first=Scott|website=IGN|date=21-sentabr 2012-yil|access-date=3-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/02/transformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-preview/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer Preview|last=Lovett|first=James|publisher=Comicbook.com|date=2-fevral 2014-yil|access-date=4-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Analysis&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://screenrant.com/transformers-4-trailer-analysis/|title='Transformers: Age of Extinction' Trailer Analysis, Photos, and Video|last=Kendrick|first=Ben|publisher=Screenrant.com|date=6-mart 2014-yil|access-date=6-mart 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Character Bios&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.hasbro.com/transformers/en_US/bots.cfm|title=Transformers Bios|publisher=Hasbro.com|date=21-aprel 2014-yil|access-date=21-aprel 2014-yil|archive-date=16-iyun 2014-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616061608/http://www.hasbro.com/transformers/en_US/bots.cfm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MichaelBay&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://michaelbay.com/2014/05/08/john-goodman-and-ken-watanabe-join-the-autobot-voice-cast-in-michael-bays-transformers-age-of-extinction/|title=John Goodman And Ken Watanabe Join The Autobot Voice Cast in Michael Bay's 'Transformers: Age Of Extinction'|last=Bay|first=Michael|work=Michael Bay|date=8-may 2014-yil|access-date=8-may 2014-yil|archive-date=11-aprel 2016-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411112554/http://michaelbay.com/2014/05/08/john-goodman-and-ken-watanabe-join-the-autobot-voice-cast-in-michael-bays-transformers-age-of-extinction/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Frank Welker]] — Galvatron&lt;ref name=&quot;Character Bios&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MichaelBay&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Screenrant.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://screenrant.com/transformers-4-age-extinction-ny-toy-fair-2014/|title='Transformers: Age of Extinction' Toy Images Reveal New Characters|last=Vieira|first=Anthony|publisher=Screenrant.com|date=15-fevral 2014-yil|access-date=15-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Transformers-Age-Extinction-CinemaCon-Footage-Brings-Dinosaurs-Explosions-More-42240.html|title=Transformers: Age Of Extinction CinemaCon Footage Brings Dinosaurs, Explosions And More|last=Eisenberg|first=Eric|website=Cinemablend.com|date=24-mart 2014-yil|access-date=25-mart 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John Goodman]] — Hound&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/02/transformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-preview/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer Preview|last=Lovett|first=James|date=2-fevral 2014-yil|publisher=Comicbook.com|access-date=4-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Character Bios2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.hasbro.com/transformers/en_US/bots.cfm|title=Transformers Bios|date=21-aprel 2014-yil|publisher=Hasbro.com|access-date=21-aprel 2014-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424120933/http://www.hasbro.com/transformers/en_US/bots.cfm|archive-date=April 24, 2014 |url-status= dead |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MichaelBay2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://michaelbay.com/2014/05/08/john-goodman-and-ken-watanabe-join-the-autobot-voice-cast-in-michael-bays-transformers-age-of-extinction/|title=John Goodman And Ken Watanabe Join The Autobot Voice Cast in Michael Bay's 'Transformers: Age Of Extinction'|last=Bay|first=Michael|date=8-may 2014-yil|work=Michael Bay|access-date=8-may 2014-yil|archive-date=11-aprel 2016-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411112554/http://michaelbay.com/2014/05/08/john-goodman-and-ken-watanabe-join-the-autobot-voice-cast-in-michael-bays-transformers-age-of-extinction/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ken Watanabe]] — Drift
* [[Robert Foxworth]] — Ratchet va Leadfoot
* [[John DiMaggio]] — Crosshairs&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
* [[Mark Ryan]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Brains

==Musiqasi==
{{Treklist
| all_writing       = Steve Jablonsky&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/id896006953 |title=Transformers: Age of Extinction (Music from the Motion Picture) |date=3-iyul 2014-yil |website=[[iTunes]] |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |access-date=5-iyul 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| total_length      = 77:42
| title1            = Decision
| length1           = 4:20
| title2            = Best Thing That Ever Happened
| length2           = 2:06
| title3            = I'm an Autobot
| length3           = 5:06
| title4            = Optimus Is Alive
| length4           = 2:17
| title5            = Cemetery Wind
| length5           = 5:53
| title6            = His Name Is Shane and He Drives
| length6           = 5:17
| title7            = Hacking the Drone
| length7           = 2:05
| title8            = Transformium
| length8           = 3:24
| title9            = Galvatron Is Online
| length9           = 1:56
| title10           = Your Creators Want You Back
| length10          = 3:26
| title11           = The Final Knight
| length11          = 4:07
| title12           = Punch Hold Slide Repeat
| length12          = 2:12
| title13           = The Presence of Megatron
| length13          = 2:51
| title14           = Galvatron Is Active
| length14          = 4:13
| title15           = Have Faith Prime
| length15          = 1:29
| title16           = Hong Kong Chase
| length16          = 1:43
| title17           = The Legend Exists
| length17          = 1:16
| title18           = Dinobot Charge
| length18          = 6:37
| title19           = Thatʼs a Big Magnet
| length19          = 2:51
| title20           = Drive Backwards
| length20          = 2:05
| title21           = Honor to the End
| length21          = 5:18
| title22           = Leave Planet Earth Alone
| length22          = 3:47
| title23           = The Knight Ship
| length23          = 3:21
}}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum|Transformers: Age of Extinction}}
* {{IMDbda film|2109248|Transformers: Age of Extinction}}
* {{Allmovie|557779|Transformers: Age of Extinction}}

{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2014-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2014-yil 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Xitoy 3D-filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>o5qjgmhevqi40hcnbgnqy76ivifdtjr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers: The Last Knight</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:28Z</timestamp>
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        <id>49138</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20856" sha1="1s3a24m6nntzzm6nke2mrhf278vl5uu" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar
| asl_nom              = Transformers: The Last Knight
| tasvir               = Transformers The Last Knight poster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* Art Marcum
* Matt Holloway 
* Ken Nolan
}}
| hikoya               = {{Plainlist|
* Akiva Goldsman
* Art Marcum
* Matt Holloway
* Ken Nolan 
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Mark Wahlberg]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
* [[Anthony Hopkins]]
}}
| operator             = Jonathan Sela
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Mark Sanger
* John Refoua
* Debra Neil-Fisher
* Roger Barton
* Adam Gerstel
* Calvin Wimmer
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Transformers-The-Last-Knight#tab=summary |website=The Numbers |access-date=3-fevral 2023-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hasbro Studios&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers&quot;/&gt;
* di Bonaventura Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers&quot;/&gt;
* Huahua Media&lt;ref name=&quot;THRreview&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Scheck |first=Frank |title='Transformers: The Last Knight': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/transformers-last-knight-2-1014985/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=3-fevral 2023-yil |date=20-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Weying Galaxy&lt;ref name=&quot;THRreview&quot;/&gt;
* The H Collective&lt;ref name=&quot;THRreview&quot;/&gt;
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2017|06|18|Odeon Leicester Square|ref1=&lt;ref name=tfw2005&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/05/22/transformers-last-knight-worldwide-premiere-18-june-leicester-square-london-uk-339352|title=Transformers The Last Knight Worldwide Premiere is 18 June in Leicester Square, London, UK|website=TFW 2005|date=22-may 2017-yil|access-date=11-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;|2017|06|21|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 149 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/transformers-the-last-knight-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtotk3nzk3 | title=Transformers: The Last Knight [2D] |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=12-iyun 2017-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630072632/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-last-knight-2017 |archive-date=30-iyun 2017-yil |url-status=live |quote=149m 0s }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $217–260 million&lt;ref name=&quot;2017FFS&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|date=2018-yil avgust|title=2017 Feature Film Study|url=https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2017_film_study_v3-WEB.pdf|journal=FilmL.A. Feature Film Study|page=25|access-date=9-avgust 2018-yil|arxiv-sana=2019-05-15|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515141751/https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2017_film_study_v3-WEB.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite Box Office Mojo|id=3371366|title=Transformers: The Last Knight|access-date=4-mart 2021-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $605,4 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]''
}}'''''Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers: The Last Knight'''}}) 2017-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] beshinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy mualliflari esa Art Marcum, Matt Holloway va Ken Nolan{{'}}dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Mark Wahlberg]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[John Turturro]], [[Glenn Morshower]], [[Laura Haddock]], [[Isabela Moner]], [[Jerrod Carmichael]], [[Santiago Cabrera]] va [[Anthony Hopkins]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar'' AQShda 21-iyun 2017-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $605 million toʻpladi.

Filmning bir sikveli bor: ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

== Rollarda ==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}

=== Odamlar ===
* [[Mark Wahlberg]] — Cade Yeager
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — William Lennox&lt;ref name=&quot;Duhamel&quot; /&gt;
* [[Stanley Tucci]] — sehrgar [[Merlin]]
* [[Anthony Hopkins]] — ser Edmund Burton&lt;ref name=&quot;hollywoodreporter.com&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/anthony-hopkins-joins-transformers-5-899343|title=Anthony Hopkins Joins 'Transformers 5'|date=3-iyun 2016-yil|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Mia|last=Galuppo|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/12/06/the-future-of-the-transformers-cinematic-universe|title=The Future of the Transformers Cinematic Universe|first=Adam|last=DiLeo|date=6-dekabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Laura Haddock]] — Viviane Wembly&lt;ref name=&quot;Haddock&quot;&gt;{{video manbasi |url=https://twitter.com/laurajhaddock/status/744915023299026944 |title=Laura J. Haddock on Twitter: &quot;VERY EXCITED to tell you guys..... #transformers&quot; |date=20-iyun 2016-yil |publisher=[[Twitter]] |access-date=12-iyul 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;collider.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/05/27/transformers-last-knight-viviane-wembly-profile-339676 |title=Transformers: The Last Knight Viviane Wembly Profile&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005 |date=27-may 2017-yil |website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM |access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Isabela Moner]] — Izabella&lt;ref name=&quot;TWR&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.thewrap.com/transformers-5-eyes-nickelodeon-star-isabela-moner-for-lead-role-exclusive/ |title='Transformers 5' Eyes Nickelodeon Star Isabela Moner for Lead Role (Exclusive) |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |work=The Wrap |date=13-aprel 2016-yil |access-date=14-aprel 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/23/closer-look-transformers-last-knight-squeeks-317680 |title=Closer Look At Transformers: The Last Knight Squeeks&amp;nbsp;– Transformer World 2005 |website=TFW2005.com |date=23-iyun 2016-yil |access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jerrod Carmichael]] — Jimmy&lt;ref name=&quot;Duhamel&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/05/17/josh-duhamel-back-for-transformers-the-last-knight |title=JOSH DUHAMEL BACK FOR TRANSFORMERS: THE LAST KNIGHT |date=17-may 2016-yil |first=Steve |last=Watts |work=[[IGN]] |access-date=17-may 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Santiago Cabrera]] — Santos&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://santiagocabrera.net/2016/08/santiago-cabrera-keeping-navy-seals-transformers-5/ |title=Santiago Cabrera keeping up with Navy Seals Transformers 5 |website=SantiagoCabrera.net |access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil |archive-date=18-mart 2017-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318164730/http://santiagocabrera.net/2016/08/santiago-cabrera-keeping-navy-seals-transformers-5/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;collider.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://collider.com/transformers-5-what-we-know-so-far/#breaking-ilm-computers|title='Transformers: The Last Knight': 45 Things to Know about the Sequel|website=Collider|date=5-dekabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/05/24/transformers-last-knight-agent-santos-profile-online-339493|title=Transformers: The Last Knight&amp;nbsp;— Agent Santos Profile Online&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=24-may 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John Turturro]] — Seymour Simmons&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw-turturro&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|last=Optimus |first=Silver |url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/10/14/michael-bay-confirms-john-turturro-tf5-teaser-trailer-novemberdecember-326427 |title=Michael Bay Confirms John Turturro For TF5. Teaser Trailer In November/December? |website=TFW2005 |date=14-oktabr 2016-yil |access-date=22-oktabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — &lt;small&gt;general&lt;/small&gt; Morshower
* [[Liam Garrigan]] — qirol Arthur&lt;ref name=&quot;mashable1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|first=Jeff |last=Sneider |url=http://mashable.com/2016/08/29/transformers-the-last-knight-king-arthur-liam-garrigan/ |title='Transformers: The Last Knight' finds its King Arthur (Exclusive) |website=Mashable |date=29-avgust 2016-yil |access-date=5-sentabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;twitter1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://twitter.com/mitchpileggi1/status/743667068138979329|title=Mitch Pileggi on Twitter: &quot;Had the extreme pleasure of working on the new Transformers movie with @michaelbay. It's fascinating watching this cat work.&quot;|date=16-iyun 2016-yil|type=[[Twitter]] post|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{video manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-SZktNrEIA|title=Transformers 5 &quot;Tessa&quot; Trailer (2017) The Last Knight Movie HD |via= [[YouTube]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/06/09/new-transformers-last-knight-tv-spots-reveal-returning-character-341190|title=More New Transformers: The Last Knight TV Spots Reveal a Returning Character - Transformers News - TFW2005|date=9-iyun 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]] / Nemesis Prime&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.truckersnews.com/western-star-5700ex-transformers-film/|title=Western Star 5700EX stars in next Transformers film|publisher=TruckersNews|date=9-avgust 2016-yil|access-date=11-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Frank Welker]] — [[Megatron]]&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw2005.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/05/31/first-look-transformers-5-megatron-316313|title=First Look At Transformers 5 Megatron|date=31-may 2016-yil|website=TFW2005|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/02/18/toy-fair-2017-transformers-last-knight-premier-series-official-images-333645|title=Toy Fair 2017 Transformers The Last Knight Premier Series Official Images|date=18-fevral 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=19-fevral 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Gemma Chan]] — Quintessa
* [[Erik Aadahl]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]] / ZB-7&lt;ref name=&quot;instagram.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=4-iyun 2016-yil |author=transformersmovie |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BGPsjYZoMpq/  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/transformersmovie/1265425965742344810 |archive-date=23-dekabr 2021-yil |url-access=subscription|title=Instagram photo by Transformers |via=Instagram |quote=Bee is back. @generalmotors really got it done with this custom-built 2016 Camaro. 🐝 #transformers }}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.tfw2005.com/boards/transformers-movie-discussion/1083194-mark-ryan-return-voice-transformers-last-knight.html|title=Mark Ryan Return To Voice In Transformers The Last Knight|date=12-avgust 2016-yil|work=TFW2005|access-date=15-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jim Carter]] — Cogman&lt;ref name=&quot;Explosive&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=15-may 2017-yil |first=Willow |last=Green |title=Exclusive, Explosive New Look At Bumblebee In Transformers: The Last Knight |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/exclusive-explosive-new-look-bumblebee-transformers-last-knight/ |website=Empire (film magazine) }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |first = Optimus |last = Silver |url= http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/09/10/even-images-london-set-transformers-last-knight-324717 |title=Even More Images From The London Set Of Transformers: The Last Knight |website=TFW2005 |date=10-sentabr 2016-yil |access-date=30-sentabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/06/01/even-new-tlk-toys-reveals-hot-rod-cogman-340149|title=Even More New TLK Toy Reveals&amp;nbsp;— Hot Rod, Cogman and More! - Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=1-iyun 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omar Sy]] — Hot Rod&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/08/04/hot-rod-coming-transformers-last-knight-321051|title=Hot Rod Coming to Transformers The Last Knight|last=Bacala|first=Tony|work=TFW2005|date=3-avgust 2016-yil|access-date=3-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/12/06/transformers-last-knight-plot-roundup-329777|title=Transformers: The Last Knight Plot Roundup|date=6-dekabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.seibertron.com/transformers/news/omar-sy-to-voice-hot-rod-in-transformers-the-last-knight/38570/|title=Omar Sy to voice Hot Rod in Transformers: The Last Knight|last=Prowl4|first=Kurona|work=Seibertron|date=17-iyun 2017-yil|access-date=17-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ken Watanabe]] — Drift&lt;ref&gt;{{tweet manbasi |user=michaelbay |number=748887911043624960 |date=1-iyul 2016-yil |title=The samurai returns thanks to @MercedesAMG GT R. Looking good, Drift. #transformers @MercedesBenz }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John Goodman]] — Hound&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/08/08/transformers-5-last-knight-hound-revealed-321237|title=Transformers 5: The Last Knight&amp;nbsp;– Hound Revealed|work=TFW2005|date=8-avgust 2016-yil|access-date=8-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John DiMaggio]] — Crosshairs&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/22/transformers-last-knight-plot-leak-squeaks-crosshairs-confirmed-317574|title=Transformers: The Last Knight Plot Leak&amp;nbsp;– Squeaks And Crosshairs Confirmed&amp;nbsp;– Transformer World 2005|last=Optimus|first=Silver|work=TFW2005|date=22-iyun 2016-yil|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; va Nitro Zeus&lt;ref name=&quot;DecepticonProfiles&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://tformers.com/trf-dossiers-collected-profiles-on-nitro-zeus-megatron-barricade-berserker-onslaught-mohawk-dreadbot/31693/news.html|title=TRF Dossiers Collected! Profiles On Nitro Zeus, Megatron, Barricade, Berserker, Onslaught, Mohawk, &amp; Dreadbot|date=3-iyun 2017-yil|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Sqweeks&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/29/hasbro-files-transformers-last-knight-autobot-sqweeks-toy-trademark-318153|title=Hasbro Files For Transformers: The Last Knight Autobot Sqweeks Toy Trademark&amp;nbsp;– Transformer World 2005|last=Optimus|first=Silver|work=TFW2005|date=24-iyun 2016-yil|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; va Mohawk&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/06/new-vehicles-spotted-set-transformers-last-knight-316598|title=New Vehicles Spotted On The Set Of Transformers: The Last Knight&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|last=Optimus|first=Silver|date=6-iyun 2016-yil|website=News.tfw2005.com|access-date=22-oktabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Barricade&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/10/transformers-5-barricade-vehicle-mode-revealed-316832|title=Transformers 5: Barricade Vehicle Mode Revealed|date=10-iyun 2016-yil|work=TFW2005|access-date=2-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tom Kenny]] — Wheelie
* [[Steve Buscemi]] — Daytrader&lt;ref&gt;{{video manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faXJyDezFcE|title=Transformers 5 - &quot;Wreck-Gar&quot; TV Spot|first=|last=lászlo vén|date=8-iyun 2017-yil|publisher=|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Steven Barr]] — Topspin
* [[Mark Ryan]] — „WWII Tank“&lt;ref&gt;{{video manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sw3uPLebnyI/|title=Transformers 5 : The Last Knight Hot Rod and Bulldog Revealed|first=|last=Ancient Robot|date=8-may 2017-yil|publisher=|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Lieutenant“, bir necha ritsarlar (Dragonicus, Stormreign, Steelbane va Skullitron)&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/06/01/transformers-movie-toys-revealed-cybertron-planet-leader-dragonstorm-voyager-nitro-340070|title=Transformers Movie Toys Revealed&amp;nbsp;— Cybertron (Planet), Leader Dragonstorm, Voyager Nitro and More! - Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=1-iyun 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Canopy&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/03/11/transformers-last-knight-kca-2017-trailer-now-online-335282|title=Transformers: The Last Knight KCA 2017 Trailer Now Online&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=11-mart 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Berserker&lt;ref name=&quot;DecepticonProfiles&quot; /&gt; va Onslaught&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/07/27/transformers-last-knight-decepticon-onslaught-revealed-320383|title=Transformers: The Last Knight – Decepticon Onslaught Revealed|date=27-iyul 2016-yil|work=TFW2005|access-date=27-iyul 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DecepticonProfiles&quot; /&gt;

==Musiqasi==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! #
! Trek nomi
! Davomiyligi
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 1.
| '''Sacrifice'''
| 6:47
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 2.
| '''The Coming of Cybertron'''
| 4:59
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 3.
| '''Merlinʼs Staff'''
| 5:49
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 4.
| '''No-Go Zone'''
| 3:29
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 5.
| '''Stay and Fight'''
| 6:26
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 6.
| '''Code Red'''
| 2:13
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 7.
| '''Izzy'''
| 4:00
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 8.
| '''Purity of Heart'''
| 3:34
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 9.
| '''Megatron Negotiation'''
| 3:38
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 10.
| '''Today We Hunt'''
| 1:47
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 11.
| '''Running Out Of Tomorrows'''
| 1:21
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 12.
| '''Drone Chase'''
| 5:08
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 13.
| '''You Have Been Chosen'''
| 2:18
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 14.
| '''Seglass Ni Tonday'''
| 6:27
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 15.
| '''Quintessa'''
| 6:36
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 16.
| '''Vivian'''
| 3:52
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 17.
| '''Abduction'''
| 3:04
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 18.
| '''History of Transformers'''
| 4:23
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 19.
| '''Cogman Sings'''
| 2:09
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 20.
| '''Vivian Follows Merlin'''
| 6:41
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 21.
| '''The Greatest Mission of All'''
| 2:19
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 22.
| '''Dive'''
| 3:15
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 23.
| '''Two Moons'''
| 2:03
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 24.
| '''Merlinʼs Tomb'''
| 3:18
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 25.
| '''Claim the Staff'''
| 3:36
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 26.
| '''Prime Versus Bee'''
| 2:45
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 27.
| '''Your Voice'''
| 4:34
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 28.
| '''I Had My Moment'''
| 2:29
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 29.
| '''Ospreys'''
| 1:49
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 30.
| '''Battlefield'''
| 3:43
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 31.
| '''Did You Forget Who I Am'''
| 1:56
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 32.
| '''We Have To Go'''
| 5:48
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 33.
| '''Calling All Autobots'''
| 2:55
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 34.
| '''Sir Edmund Burton'''
| 4:10
|}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum|Transformers: The Last Knight}}
* {{rasmiy sayt|http://www.transformersmovie.com/}}
* {{IMDbda film|3371366}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2017-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2017-yil 3D-filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>1s3a24m6nntzzm6nke2mrhf278vl5uu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5989011</id>
      <parentid>5988948</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:30:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan sahifa nomini [[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]dan [[Transformers: The Last Knight]]ga yoʻnaltirish ustidan koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20856" sha1="1s3a24m6nntzzm6nke2mrhf278vl5uu" xml:space="preserve">{{Rasmiy tarjima}}
{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar
| asl_nom              = Transformers: The Last Knight
| tasvir               = Transformers The Last Knight poster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Michael Bay]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Ian Bryce]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* Art Marcum
* Matt Holloway 
* Ken Nolan
}}
| hikoya               = {{Plainlist|
* Akiva Goldsman
* Art Marcum
* Matt Holloway
* Ken Nolan 
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Mark Wahlberg]]
* [[Josh Duhamel]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
* [[Anthony Hopkins]]
}}
| operator             = Jonathan Sela
| montajyor            = {{Plainlist|
* Mark Sanger
* John Refoua
* Debra Neil-Fisher
* Roger Barton
* Adam Gerstel
* Calvin Wimmer
}}
| bastakor             = [[Steve Jablonsky]]
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Transformers-The-Last-Knight#tab=summary |website=The Numbers |access-date=3-fevral 2023-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hasbro Studios&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers&quot;/&gt;
* di Bonaventura Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;Numbers&quot;/&gt;
* Huahua Media&lt;ref name=&quot;THRreview&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Scheck |first=Frank |title='Transformers: The Last Knight': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/transformers-last-knight-2-1014985/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=3-fevral 2023-yil |date=20-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Weying Galaxy&lt;ref name=&quot;THRreview&quot;/&gt;
* The H Collective&lt;ref name=&quot;THRreview&quot;/&gt;
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2017|06|18|Odeon Leicester Square|ref1=&lt;ref name=tfw2005&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/05/22/transformers-last-knight-worldwide-premiere-18-june-leicester-square-london-uk-339352|title=Transformers The Last Knight Worldwide Premiere is 18 June in Leicester Square, London, UK|website=TFW 2005|date=22-may 2017-yil|access-date=11-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;|2017|06|21|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 149 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/transformers-the-last-knight-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtotk3nzk3 | title=Transformers: The Last Knight [2D] |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=12-iyun 2017-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630072632/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/transformers-last-knight-2017 |archive-date=30-iyun 2017-yil |url-status=live |quote=149m 0s }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $217–260 million&lt;ref name=&quot;2017FFS&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|date=2018-yil avgust|title=2017 Feature Film Study|url=https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2017_film_study_v3-WEB.pdf|journal=FilmL.A. Feature Film Study|page=25|access-date=9-avgust 2018-yil|arxiv-sana=2019-05-15|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515141751/https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2017_film_study_v3-WEB.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite Box Office Mojo|id=3371366|title=Transformers: The Last Knight|access-date=4-mart 2021-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $605,4 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
| keyingi_film         = ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]''
}}'''''Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers: The Last Knight'''}}) 2017-yil ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] beshinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. Film rejissori — [[Michael Bay]], ssenariy mualliflari esa Art Marcum, Matt Holloway va Ken Nolan{{'}}dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Mark Wahlberg]], [[Josh Duhamel]], [[John Turturro]], [[Glenn Morshower]], [[Laura Haddock]], [[Isabela Moner]], [[Jerrod Carmichael]], [[Santiago Cabrera]] va [[Anthony Hopkins]] ijro etishgan.

''Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar'' AQShda 21-iyun 2017-yilda premyera qilindi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $605 million toʻpladi.

Filmning bir sikveli bor: ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023). Shuningdek, ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018) nomli [[spin-off]] ham chiqarilgan.

== Rollarda ==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}

=== Odamlar ===
* [[Mark Wahlberg]] — Cade Yeager
* [[Josh Duhamel]] — William Lennox&lt;ref name=&quot;Duhamel&quot; /&gt;
* [[Stanley Tucci]] — sehrgar [[Merlin]]
* [[Anthony Hopkins]] — ser Edmund Burton&lt;ref name=&quot;hollywoodreporter.com&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/anthony-hopkins-joins-transformers-5-899343|title=Anthony Hopkins Joins 'Transformers 5'|date=3-iyun 2016-yil|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Mia|last=Galuppo|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/12/06/the-future-of-the-transformers-cinematic-universe|title=The Future of the Transformers Cinematic Universe|first=Adam|last=DiLeo|date=6-dekabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Laura Haddock]] — Viviane Wembly&lt;ref name=&quot;Haddock&quot;&gt;{{video manbasi |url=https://twitter.com/laurajhaddock/status/744915023299026944 |title=Laura J. Haddock on Twitter: &quot;VERY EXCITED to tell you guys..... #transformers&quot; |date=20-iyun 2016-yil |publisher=[[Twitter]] |access-date=12-iyul 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;collider.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/05/27/transformers-last-knight-viviane-wembly-profile-339676 |title=Transformers: The Last Knight Viviane Wembly Profile&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005 |date=27-may 2017-yil |website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM |access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Isabela Moner]] — Izabella&lt;ref name=&quot;TWR&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.thewrap.com/transformers-5-eyes-nickelodeon-star-isabela-moner-for-lead-role-exclusive/ |title='Transformers 5' Eyes Nickelodeon Star Isabela Moner for Lead Role (Exclusive) |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |work=The Wrap |date=13-aprel 2016-yil |access-date=14-aprel 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/23/closer-look-transformers-last-knight-squeeks-317680 |title=Closer Look At Transformers: The Last Knight Squeeks&amp;nbsp;– Transformer World 2005 |website=TFW2005.com |date=23-iyun 2016-yil |access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jerrod Carmichael]] — Jimmy&lt;ref name=&quot;Duhamel&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/05/17/josh-duhamel-back-for-transformers-the-last-knight |title=JOSH DUHAMEL BACK FOR TRANSFORMERS: THE LAST KNIGHT |date=17-may 2016-yil |first=Steve |last=Watts |work=[[IGN]] |access-date=17-may 2016-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Santiago Cabrera]] — Santos&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://santiagocabrera.net/2016/08/santiago-cabrera-keeping-navy-seals-transformers-5/ |title=Santiago Cabrera keeping up with Navy Seals Transformers 5 |website=SantiagoCabrera.net |access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil |archive-date=18-mart 2017-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318164730/http://santiagocabrera.net/2016/08/santiago-cabrera-keeping-navy-seals-transformers-5/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;collider.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://collider.com/transformers-5-what-we-know-so-far/#breaking-ilm-computers|title='Transformers: The Last Knight': 45 Things to Know about the Sequel|website=Collider|date=5-dekabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/05/24/transformers-last-knight-agent-santos-profile-online-339493|title=Transformers: The Last Knight&amp;nbsp;— Agent Santos Profile Online&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=24-may 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John Turturro]] — Seymour Simmons&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw-turturro&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|last=Optimus |first=Silver |url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/10/14/michael-bay-confirms-john-turturro-tf5-teaser-trailer-novemberdecember-326427 |title=Michael Bay Confirms John Turturro For TF5. Teaser Trailer In November/December? |website=TFW2005 |date=14-oktabr 2016-yil |access-date=22-oktabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Glenn Morshower]] — &lt;small&gt;general&lt;/small&gt; Morshower
* [[Liam Garrigan]] — qirol Arthur&lt;ref name=&quot;mashable1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|first=Jeff |last=Sneider |url=http://mashable.com/2016/08/29/transformers-the-last-knight-king-arthur-liam-garrigan/ |title='Transformers: The Last Knight' finds its King Arthur (Exclusive) |website=Mashable |date=29-avgust 2016-yil |access-date=5-sentabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;twitter1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://twitter.com/mitchpileggi1/status/743667068138979329|title=Mitch Pileggi on Twitter: &quot;Had the extreme pleasure of working on the new Transformers movie with @michaelbay. It's fascinating watching this cat work.&quot;|date=16-iyun 2016-yil|type=[[Twitter]] post|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{video manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-SZktNrEIA|title=Transformers 5 &quot;Tessa&quot; Trailer (2017) The Last Knight Movie HD |via= [[YouTube]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/06/09/new-transformers-last-knight-tv-spots-reveal-returning-character-341190|title=More New Transformers: The Last Knight TV Spots Reveal a Returning Character - Transformers News - TFW2005|date=9-iyun 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]] / Nemesis Prime&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.truckersnews.com/western-star-5700ex-transformers-film/|title=Western Star 5700EX stars in next Transformers film|publisher=TruckersNews|date=9-avgust 2016-yil|access-date=11-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Frank Welker]] — [[Megatron]]&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw2005.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/05/31/first-look-transformers-5-megatron-316313|title=First Look At Transformers 5 Megatron|date=31-may 2016-yil|website=TFW2005|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/02/18/toy-fair-2017-transformers-last-knight-premier-series-official-images-333645|title=Toy Fair 2017 Transformers The Last Knight Premier Series Official Images|date=18-fevral 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=19-fevral 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Gemma Chan]] — Quintessa
* [[Erik Aadahl]] — [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]] / ZB-7&lt;ref name=&quot;instagram.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=4-iyun 2016-yil |author=transformersmovie |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BGPsjYZoMpq/  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/transformersmovie/1265425965742344810 |archive-date=23-dekabr 2021-yil |url-access=subscription|title=Instagram photo by Transformers |via=Instagram |quote=Bee is back. @generalmotors really got it done with this custom-built 2016 Camaro. 🐝 #transformers }}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.tfw2005.com/boards/transformers-movie-discussion/1083194-mark-ryan-return-voice-transformers-last-knight.html|title=Mark Ryan Return To Voice In Transformers The Last Knight|date=12-avgust 2016-yil|work=TFW2005|access-date=15-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jim Carter]] — Cogman&lt;ref name=&quot;Explosive&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=15-may 2017-yil |first=Willow |last=Green |title=Exclusive, Explosive New Look At Bumblebee In Transformers: The Last Knight |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/exclusive-explosive-new-look-bumblebee-transformers-last-knight/ |website=Empire (film magazine) }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |first = Optimus |last = Silver |url= http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/09/10/even-images-london-set-transformers-last-knight-324717 |title=Even More Images From The London Set Of Transformers: The Last Knight |website=TFW2005 |date=10-sentabr 2016-yil |access-date=30-sentabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/06/01/even-new-tlk-toys-reveals-hot-rod-cogman-340149|title=Even More New TLK Toy Reveals&amp;nbsp;— Hot Rod, Cogman and More! - Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=1-iyun 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omar Sy]] — Hot Rod&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/08/04/hot-rod-coming-transformers-last-knight-321051|title=Hot Rod Coming to Transformers The Last Knight|last=Bacala|first=Tony|work=TFW2005|date=3-avgust 2016-yil|access-date=3-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/12/06/transformers-last-knight-plot-roundup-329777|title=Transformers: The Last Knight Plot Roundup|date=6-dekabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.seibertron.com/transformers/news/omar-sy-to-voice-hot-rod-in-transformers-the-last-knight/38570/|title=Omar Sy to voice Hot Rod in Transformers: The Last Knight|last=Prowl4|first=Kurona|work=Seibertron|date=17-iyun 2017-yil|access-date=17-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ken Watanabe]] — Drift&lt;ref&gt;{{tweet manbasi |user=michaelbay |number=748887911043624960 |date=1-iyul 2016-yil |title=The samurai returns thanks to @MercedesAMG GT R. Looking good, Drift. #transformers @MercedesBenz }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John Goodman]] — Hound&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/08/08/transformers-5-last-knight-hound-revealed-321237|title=Transformers 5: The Last Knight&amp;nbsp;– Hound Revealed|work=TFW2005|date=8-avgust 2016-yil|access-date=8-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[John DiMaggio]] — Crosshairs&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/22/transformers-last-knight-plot-leak-squeaks-crosshairs-confirmed-317574|title=Transformers: The Last Knight Plot Leak&amp;nbsp;– Squeaks And Crosshairs Confirmed&amp;nbsp;– Transformer World 2005|last=Optimus|first=Silver|work=TFW2005|date=22-iyun 2016-yil|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; va Nitro Zeus&lt;ref name=&quot;DecepticonProfiles&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://tformers.com/trf-dossiers-collected-profiles-on-nitro-zeus-megatron-barricade-berserker-onslaught-mohawk-dreadbot/31693/news.html|title=TRF Dossiers Collected! Profiles On Nitro Zeus, Megatron, Barricade, Berserker, Onslaught, Mohawk, &amp; Dreadbot|date=3-iyun 2017-yil|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Reno Wilson]] — Sqweeks&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/29/hasbro-files-transformers-last-knight-autobot-sqweeks-toy-trademark-318153|title=Hasbro Files For Transformers: The Last Knight Autobot Sqweeks Toy Trademark&amp;nbsp;– Transformer World 2005|last=Optimus|first=Silver|work=TFW2005|date=24-iyun 2016-yil|access-date=30-iyun 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; va Mohawk&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/06/new-vehicles-spotted-set-transformers-last-knight-316598|title=New Vehicles Spotted On The Set Of Transformers: The Last Knight&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|last=Optimus|first=Silver|date=6-iyun 2016-yil|website=News.tfw2005.com|access-date=22-oktabr 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Barricade&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/06/10/transformers-5-barricade-vehicle-mode-revealed-316832|title=Transformers 5: Barricade Vehicle Mode Revealed|date=10-iyun 2016-yil|work=TFW2005|access-date=2-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tom Kenny]] — Wheelie
* [[Steve Buscemi]] — Daytrader&lt;ref&gt;{{video manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faXJyDezFcE|title=Transformers 5 - &quot;Wreck-Gar&quot; TV Spot|first=|last=lászlo vén|date=8-iyun 2017-yil|publisher=|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Steven Barr]] — Topspin
* [[Mark Ryan]] — „WWII Tank“&lt;ref&gt;{{video manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sw3uPLebnyI/|title=Transformers 5 : The Last Knight Hot Rod and Bulldog Revealed|first=|last=Ancient Robot|date=8-may 2017-yil|publisher=|via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Lieutenant“, bir necha ritsarlar (Dragonicus, Stormreign, Steelbane va Skullitron)&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/06/01/transformers-movie-toys-revealed-cybertron-planet-leader-dragonstorm-voyager-nitro-340070|title=Transformers Movie Toys Revealed&amp;nbsp;— Cybertron (Planet), Leader Dragonstorm, Voyager Nitro and More! - Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=1-iyun 2017-yil|website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM|access-date=6-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Canopy&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/03/11/transformers-last-knight-kca-2017-trailer-now-online-335282|title=Transformers: The Last Knight KCA 2017 Trailer Now Online&amp;nbsp;— Transformers News&amp;nbsp;— TFW2005|date=11-mart 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Berserker&lt;ref name=&quot;DecepticonProfiles&quot; /&gt; va Onslaught&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2016/07/27/transformers-last-knight-decepticon-onslaught-revealed-320383|title=Transformers: The Last Knight – Decepticon Onslaught Revealed|date=27-iyul 2016-yil|work=TFW2005|access-date=27-iyul 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DecepticonProfiles&quot; /&gt;

==Musiqasi==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! #
! Trek nomi
! Davomiyligi
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 1.
| '''Sacrifice'''
| 6:47
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 2.
| '''The Coming of Cybertron'''
| 4:59
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 3.
| '''Merlinʼs Staff'''
| 5:49
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 4.
| '''No-Go Zone'''
| 3:29
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 5.
| '''Stay and Fight'''
| 6:26
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 6.
| '''Code Red'''
| 2:13
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 7.
| '''Izzy'''
| 4:00
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 8.
| '''Purity of Heart'''
| 3:34
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 9.
| '''Megatron Negotiation'''
| 3:38
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 10.
| '''Today We Hunt'''
| 1:47
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 11.
| '''Running Out Of Tomorrows'''
| 1:21
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 12.
| '''Drone Chase'''
| 5:08
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 13.
| '''You Have Been Chosen'''
| 2:18
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 14.
| '''Seglass Ni Tonday'''
| 6:27
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 15.
| '''Quintessa'''
| 6:36
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 16.
| '''Vivian'''
| 3:52
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 17.
| '''Abduction'''
| 3:04
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 18.
| '''History of Transformers'''
| 4:23
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 19.
| '''Cogman Sings'''
| 2:09
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 20.
| '''Vivian Follows Merlin'''
| 6:41
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 21.
| '''The Greatest Mission of All'''
| 2:19
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 22.
| '''Dive'''
| 3:15
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 23.
| '''Two Moons'''
| 2:03
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 24.
| '''Merlinʼs Tomb'''
| 3:18
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 25.
| '''Claim the Staff'''
| 3:36
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 26.
| '''Prime Versus Bee'''
| 2:45
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 27.
| '''Your Voice'''
| 4:34
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 28.
| '''I Had My Moment'''
| 2:29
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 29.
| '''Ospreys'''
| 1:49
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 30.
| '''Battlefield'''
| 3:43
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 31.
| '''Did You Forget Who I Am'''
| 1:56
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 32.
| '''We Have To Go'''
| 5:48
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 33.
| '''Calling All Autobots'''
| 2:55
|- style=&quot;text-align: center; vertical-align: top;&quot;
| 34.
| '''Sir Edmund Burton'''
| 4:10
|}

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

==Havolalar==
{{Commons turkum|Transformers: The Last Knight}}
* {{rasmiy sayt|http://www.transformersmovie.com/}}
* {{IMDbda film|3371366}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Michael Bay}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2017-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2017-yil 3D-filmlari]]</text>
      <sha1>1s3a24m6nntzzm6nke2mrhf278vl5uu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bumblebee (film)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <parentid>5980311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13898" sha1="l45f1fp4kkkmu8ttxtdfv1mobo8orn6" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Bumblebee
| tasvir               = Bumblebee tizer poster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = Travis Knight
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Michael Bay]]
* Mark Vahradian
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = Christina Hodson
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
* [[John Cena]]
* [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]]
* [[John Ortiz]]
* [[Jason Drucker]]
* [[Pamela Adlon]]
}}
| operator             = Enrique Chediak
| montajyor            = Paul Rubell
| bastakor             = Dario Marianelli
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* Allspark Pictures
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
* Bay Films
* Tencent Pictures
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2018|12|3|Sony Center|2018|12|21|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 114 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title= BUMBLEBEE (2018)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/bumblebee-2018 |website= [[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date= 15-dekabr 2018-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title= BUMBLEBEE [Re-edited version,2D] |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/bumblebee-film |website= [[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date= 9-yanvar 2019-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109112400/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/bumblebee-film |archive-date= 9-yanvar 2019-yil |url-status=live |df= mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = {{Plainlist|
* {{USA}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Bumblebee (2018)|work=[[British Film Institute]]|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5c461581d79d5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{CHN}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
}}
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $102–135&amp;nbsp;million&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;&gt;{{cite the numbers|title= Bumblebee|id=Bumblebee|access-date= 4-mart 2021-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221230854/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bumblebee|archive-date=December 21, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cagov&quot;&gt;{{cite report|title=Film and Television Tax Credit Program Program 2.0|url=http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/CFC-Approved-Projects-List.pdf|publisher=California Film Commission|page=9|access-date=4-oktabr 2018-yil|date=|archive-date=4-oktabr 2017-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004180757/http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/CFC-Approved-Projects-List.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=2017-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004180757/http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/CFC-Approved-Projects-List.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $468&amp;nbsp;million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite Box Office Mojo |title=Bumblebee |id=4701182 |access-date=4-mart 2021-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''''Bumblebee''''' (yoki '''''BumbleBee''''' va '''''Transformers: Bumblebee''''')&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Transformers Bumblebee Movie Prequel by John Barber|url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/transformers-bumblebee-movie-prequel-9781684052295|website=Penguin.com.au|qaralgan sana=5-mart 2023-yil|arxivsana=26-oktabr 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026134143/https://www.penguin.com.au/books/transformers-bumblebee-movie-prequel-9781684052295}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Bumblebee Transformers Figure by ThreeA Toys|url=https://www.sideshow.com/collectibles/transformers-bumblebee-threea-toys-904237|website=Sideshow Collectibles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Transformers: Bumblebee Movie Prequel: From Cybertron with Love - Comics by comiXology|url=https://www.comixology.com/Transformers-Bumblebee-Movie-Prequel-From-Cybertron-with-Love/digital-comic/695910#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030225157/https://www.comixology.com/Transformers-Bumblebee-Movie-Prequel-From-Cybertron-with-Love/digital-comic/695910|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2020|website=Comixology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[2018-yil filmlari|2018-yilda]] ekranlarga chiqarilgan [[ilmiy fantastika]] va [[jangari]] janrlaridagi AQSh [[film]]idir. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] oltinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasidagi]] [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]] personajiga asoslangan. Film rejissori — Travis Knight, ssenariy muallifi esa Christina Hodson{{'}}dir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Hailee Steinfeld]], [[John Cena]], [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]], [[John Ortiz]], [[Jason Drucker]] va [[Pamela Adlon]] ijro etishgan.

''Bumblebee'' AQShda 21-dekabr 2018-yilda premyera qilindi. Kinoteatrlarda 2D, [[Real D 3D]] va [[Dolby Cinema]] formatlarida qoʻyildi. Film umumjahon boʻylab $468 million toʻpladi.

Filmning sikveli ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]'' 2023-yilda chiqariladi.

== Syujeti ==
[[Cybertron]] sayyorasida Autobotʼlar Decepticonʼlarga qarshi urush olib borayotgan edi. Decepticonlar soni koʻpligi tufayli Autobotʼlar taslim boʻlishi mumkin edi. Autobotlar sardori [[Optimus Prime]], B-127 nomli [[robot]]ni [[Yer]] sayyorasiga joʻnatadi.

B-127, [[Transformerlar (film)|birinchi film]] voqealaridan yigirma yil oldin, yaʼni 1987-yilda [[Kaliforniya]]'dagi kichik plyaj shaharchasida boshpana topadi. U yerda Charlie Watson ismli oʻsmir qiz bilan tanishadi. Charlie T-34’ning rangi [[ari]]ga oʻxshashligi tufayli unga [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]] deb nom qoʻyadi. Biroq koʻp oʻtmay, ular ikkalasi ham agent Burns boshchiligidagi 7-sektor deb nomlanadigan davlat idorasida oʻlja boʻlishadi. Bumblebee va Charlie ulardan qochib ketayotganlarida, Bee [[Yer]]dagi yagona Transformer emasligini, boshqalar esa bunga doʻstona munosabatda boʻlmasliklarini bilishardi. Yaʼni Desepticonʼlar Beeʼni topishgan edi.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2007.com/2011/09/09/hascon-2011-bumblebee-movie-tidbits-348630|sarlavha=Hascon 2011: The Bumblebee Movie Tidbits - Transformers News - TFW2005|sana=9-sentabr 2017-yil|nashriyot=}}{{oʻlikhavola|date=2021-yil dekabr |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=2018-yil noyabr |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rollarda ==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
=== Odamlar ===
* [[Hailee Steinfeld]] — Charlie Watson, Bumblebeeni topib olgan qiz va uning doʻsti
* [[John Cena]] — Burns, Sector 7 agenti
* [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]] — Charliening doʻsti
* [[John Ortiz]] — Powell, Sector 7 agenti
* [[Jason Drucker]] — Otis Watson, Charliening ukasi
* [[Pamela Adlon]] — Charliening onasi
* [[Rachel Crow]]
* [[Abby Quinn]]
* [[Gracie Dzienny]]
* [[Ricardo Hoyos]]
* [[Kenneth Choi]]
* Stephen Schneider
* [[Rory Markham]] — Adams, Sector 7 agenti
* [[Len Cariou]]

=== Transformerlar ===
==== Autobotlar ====
* [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]], sariq tusdagi Autobot.
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]], Autobotlar sardori&lt;ref name=&quot;news.tfw2005.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/10/02/peter-cullen-confirmed-bumblebee-movie-351131|sarlavha=Peter Cullen Confirmed In The Bumblebee Movie - Transformers News - TFW2005|muallif=James Dyer|sana=2-oktabr 2017-yil|nashriyot=|qaralgan sana=2-oktabr 2017-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005013223/http://news.tfw2005.com/2017/10/02/peter-cullen-confirmed-bumblebee-movie-351131|arxiv-sana=5-oktabr 2017-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi| url=http://www.movieweb.com/amp/bumblebee-movie-optimus-prime-confirmed| sarlavha=Optimus Prime Is Definitely in Bumblebee Movie| muallif=Ryan Scott| sana=23-iyul 2018-yil| vebsayt=MovieWeb| qaralgan sana=24-iyul 2018-yil| arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724033658/https://movieweb.com/amp/bumblebee-movie-optimus-prime-confirmed/| arxiv-sana=24-iyul 2018-yil| dead-url=no| df=mdy-all| archive-date=24-iyul 2018-yil| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724033658/https://movieweb.com/amp/bumblebee-movie-optimus-prime-confirmed/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wheeljack]] — Autobot&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|qaralgan sana=22-oktabr 2018-yil|sarlavha=Bumblebee Trailer Breakdown With Director Travis Knight|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/bumblebee-trailer-breakdown-travis-knight/|vebsayt=Empire|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023035049/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/bumblebee-trailer-breakdown-travis-knight/|arxiv-sana=23-oktabr 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Decepticonlar ====
* [[Angela Bassett]] — Shatter&lt;ref name=&quot;EWeekly&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://ew.com/movies/2018/07/13/bumblebee-decepticon-trackers-first-look/|sarlavha=First Look: Bumblebee unveils two new Decepticon muscle cars|sana=13-iyul 2018-yil|nashriyot=Entertainment Weekly|qaralgan sana=13-iyul 2018-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713170612/http://ew.com/movies/2018/07/13/bumblebee-decepticon-trackers-first-look/|arxiv-sana=13-iyul 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[David Sobolov]] — Blitzwing&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAIX12F6958|sarlavha=Bumblebee (2018) - Official Teaser Trailer - Paramount Pictures|sana=5-iyun 2018-yil|nashriyot=|qaralgan sana=5-iyun 2018-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605113944/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAIX12F6958|arxiv-sana=5-iyun 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2018/07/20/san-diego-comic-con-2018-bumblebee-the-movie-panel-368692|sarlavha=San Diego Comic Con 2018 - Bumblebee The Movie Panel - Transformers News - TFW2005|vebsayt=news.tfw2005.com|qaralgan sana=21-iyul 2018-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721043814/http://news.tfw2005.com/2018/07/20/san-diego-comic-con-2018-bumblebee-the-movie-panel-368692|arxiv-sana=21-iyul 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jess Harnell]] — Barricade&lt;ref name=&quot;tfw2005.com&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2018/05/31/jess-harnell-reprises-his-role-as-barricade-for-transformers-bumblebee-364640|sarlavha=Jess Harnell Reprises His Role As Barricade For Transformers: Bumblebee - Transformers News|vebsayt=TFW2005|qaralgan sana=31-may 2018-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141135/http://news.tfw2005.com/2018/05/31/jess-harnell-reprises-his-role-as-barricade-for-transformers-bumblebee-364640|arxiv-sana=12-iyun 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Shockwave — Decepticon&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollywood Reporter trailer&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/how-bumblebee-trailer-redesigns-transformers-a-new-era-1146549|sarlavha=How 'Bumblebee' Trailer Demonstrates Best of Both Worlds|3=|vebsayt=The Hollywood Reporter|qaralgan sana=27-sentabr 2018-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928043928/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/how-bumblebee-trailer-redesigns-transformers-a-new-era-1146549|arxiv-sana=28-sentabr 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Martin Short]] ham ovoz berishda qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://news.tfw2005.com/2018/04/14/martin-short-working-voice-transformers-bumblebee-362330|sarlavha=Martin Short Working On Voice-over For Transformers: Bumblebee - Transformers News - TFW2005|vebsayt=news.tfw2005.com|qaralgan sana=14-aprel 2018-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140450/http://news.tfw2005.com/2018/04/14/martin-short-working-voice-transformers-bumblebee-362330|arxiv-sana=12-iyun 2018-yil|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Musiqasi ==
{{Treklist
| extra_column   = Ijrochi(lar)
| title1         = Back to Life
| extra1         = [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| length1        = 3:53
| title2         = Bigmouth Strikes Again
| extra2         = The Smiths
| length2        = 3:15
| title3         = Things Can Only Get Better
| extra3         = Howard Jones
| length3        = 3:56
| title4         = Runaway
| extra4         = [[Bon Jovi]]
| length4        = 3:52
| title5         = Save a Prayer
| extra5         = [[Duran Duran]]
| length5        = 3:46
| title6         = Higher Love
| extra6         = Steve Winwood
| length6        = 5:49
| title7         = Take On Me
| extra7         = A-ha
| length7        = 3:48
| title8         = Everybody Wants to Rule the World
| extra8         = Tears for Fears
| length8        = 4:12
| title9         = It Takes Two
| extra9         = Rob Base &amp; DJ E-Z Rock
| length9        = 5:01
| title10        = The Touch
| extra10        = Stan Bush
| length10       = 3:56
| title11        = I Can't Wait
| extra11        = Nu Shooz
| length11       = 3:38
| title12        = I Can't Drive 55
| extra12        = Sammy Hagar
| length12       = 4:12
| title13        = Dance Hall Days
| extra13        = Wang Chung
| length13       = 4:00
| title14        = Girlfriend in a Coma
| extra14        = The Smiths
| length14       = 2:04
| title15        = Don't You (Forget About Me)
| extra15        = Simple Minds
| length15       = 4:22
| title16        = Back to Life (80s Remix)
| extra16        = [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| length16       = 3:13

| total_length   = 1:02:57
}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.bumblebeemovie.com/ Rasmiy Facebook’dagi sahifasi]
* {{IMDbda film|5090566}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2018-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2018-yil 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Coming-of-age janridagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Spin-off filmlar]]
[[Turkum:Xitoy 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:4DX-filmlar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12482" sha1="t88wdqc9kzm8o92i5omccdtj4n08nk8" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Bumblebee
| tasvir               = Bumblebee tizer poster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Travis Knight]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Michael Bay]]
* [[Mark Vahradian]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = [[Christina Hodson]]
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformers]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist| 
* [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
* [[John Cena]]
* [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]]
* [[John Ortiz]]
* [[Jason Drucker]]
* [[Pamela Adlon]]
}}
| operator             = Enrique Chediak
| montajyor            = Paul Rubell
| bastakor             = Dario Marianelli
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* {{tah|Allspark|en}}&lt;!--Hasbro--&gt;
* {{tah|Di Bonaventura Pictures|en}}
* Bay Films
* {{tah|Tencent Pictures|en}}
}}
| distribyutor         = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2018|12|3|[[Berlin]]|2018|12|21|AQSH}}
| davomiylik           = 114 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title= BUMBLEBEE (2018)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/bumblebee-2018 |website= [[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date= 15-dekabr 2018-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title= BUMBLEBEE [Re-edited version,2D] |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/bumblebee-film |website= [[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date= 9-yanvar 2019-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109112400/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/bumblebee-film |archive-date= 9-yanvar 2019-yil |url-status=live |df= mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = {{Plainlist|
* {{AQSH}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Bumblebee (2018)|work=British Film Institute|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5c461581d79d5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Xitoy}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi&quot; /&gt;
}}
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $102—135 million&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;&gt;{{cite the numbers|title= Bumblebee|id=Bumblebee|access-date= 4-mart 2021-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221230854/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bumblebee|archive-date=December 21, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cagov&quot;&gt;{{cite report|title=Film and Television Tax Credit Program Program 2.0|url=http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/CFC-Approved-Projects-List.pdf|publisher=California Film Commission|page=9|access-date=4-oktabr 2018-yil|date=|archive-date=4-oktabr 2017-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004180757/http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/CFC-Approved-Projects-List.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=2017-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004180757/http://film.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/CFC-Approved-Projects-List.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $468 million&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite Box Office Mojo |title=Bumblebee |id=4701182 |access-date=4-mart 2021-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = „[[Transformers: The Last Knight]]“ {{small|(xronologiya boʻyicha)}}
| keyingi_film         = „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]“
}}

„'''Bumblebee'''“&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Transformers Bumblebee Movie Prequel by John Barber|url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/transformers-bumblebee-movie-prequel-9781684052295|website=Penguin.com.au|qaralgan sana=5-mart 2023-yil|arxivsana=26-oktabr 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026134143/https://www.penguin.com.au/books/transformers-bumblebee-movie-prequel-9781684052295}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Bumblebee Transformers Figure by ThreeA Toys|url=https://www.sideshow.com/collectibles/transformers-bumblebee-threea-toys-904237|website=Sideshow Collectibles}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=Transformers: Bumblebee Movie Prequel: From Cybertron with Love - Comics by comiXology|url=https://www.comixology.com/Transformers-Bumblebee-Movie-Prequel-From-Cybertron-with-Love/digital-comic/695910#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030225157/https://www.comixology.com/Transformers-Bumblebee-Movie-Prequel-From-Cybertron-with-Love/digital-comic/695910|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2020|website=Comixology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{talaffuz|Bamblbi}}) — [[AQSH|amerika]] [[ilmiy-fantastik film]]i. [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)|„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi]] doirasidagi oltinchi kartina. [[2018-yil kinoda|2018-yilda]] ekranlarga chiqqan. [[Bumblebee|Shu nomdagi oʻyinchoq qahramoni]] asosida yaratilgan. Filmga [[Travis Knight]] rejissyorlik qilgan, ssenariyni [[Christina Hodson]] yozgan. Bosh rollarni [[Hailee Steinfeld]], [[John Cena]], [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]], [[John Ortiz]], [[Jason Drucker]], [[Pamela Adlon]] va boshqalar ijro etgan.

Filmdagi hodisalar [[1987-yil]]da sodir boʻladi. Unda Bumblebeening boshpana izlab [[Yer]] sayyorasiga borishi va u yerda Charlie ({{talaffuz|Charli}}) ismli oʻspirin qiz bilan doʻst tutinishi haqida hikoya qilinadi.

„Bumblebee“ 2018-yil 3-dekabrda [[Berlin]] shahrida premyera qilingan. AQSHda 2018-yil 21-dekabrda prokatga chiqarilgan. Kinotanqidchilar tomonidan yaxshi kutib olingan. Butun jahon boʻylab prokatda 468 million [[AQSH dollari|dollar]] ishlab topgan.

== Rollarda ==
{{asosiy|„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati}}

=== Insonlar ===
* [[Hailee Steinfeld]] — ''Charlie Watson'' ({{talaffuz|Charli Uotson}})
* [[John Cena]] — ''agent Jack Burns'' ({{talaffuz|Jek Byorns}})
* [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]] — ''Memo''
* [[John Ortiz]] — ''doktor Powell'' ({{talaffuz|Pauell}})
* [[Jason Drucker]] — ''Otis Watson (Charliening ukasi)''
* [[Pamela Adlon]] — ''Sally Watson (Charliening onasi)''
* [[Stephen Schneider]] — ''Ron''
* [[Len Cariou]] — ''Hank'' ({{talaffuz|Henk}})
* [[Glynn Turman]] — ''general Whalen'' ({{talaffuz|Ueylen}})
* [[Gracie Dzienny]] — ''Tina Lark''
* [[Ricardo Hoyos]] — ''Tripp Summers''
* [[Lenny Jacobson]] — ''Roy''
* [[Megyn Price]] — ''Amber''

=== Ovoz berganlar ===
==== Avtobotlar ====
* [[Dylan O'Brien]] — ''[[Bumblebee|Bumblebee / {{abbr|B-127|bi — yuz yigirma yetti}}]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ign-dylan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/12/03/transformers-bumblebee-movie-voice-actor-dylan-obrien|title=Bumblebee Voice Actor Revealed|last=Vejvoda|first=Jim|website=IGN|date=December 3, 2018|access-date=December 3, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308014719/https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/12/03/transformers-bumblebee-movie-voice-actor-dylan-obrien|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Peter Cullen]] — ''[[Optimus Prime]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;movieweb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.movieweb.com/bumblebee-movie-optimus-prime-confirmed | title=Optimus Prime Is Definitely in Bumblebee Movie| first= Ryan |last= Scott| date= July 23, 2018| website= MovieWeb| access-date= July 24, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724033517/https://movieweb.com/bumblebee-movie-optimus-prime-confirmed/ | archive-date=July 24, 2018| url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Grey DeLisle|Grey Griffin]] — ''Arcee''&lt;ref name=&quot;GreyDeLisle&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GreyDeLisle/status/1071894398906986496|title=Go watch the @transformers @bumblebeemovie !!! It's SO GOOD! #arcee #BumblebeeMovie #Transformerspic.twitter.com/iHXqdjLUxN|first=Grey|last=DeLisle-Griffin|date=December 9, 2018|access-date=December 9, 2018|archive-date=January 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110120456/https://twitter.com/GreyDeLisle/status/1071894398906986496|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Steve Blum]] — ''Wheeljack''&lt;ref name=&quot;CastConfirmation&quot;&gt;{{cite tweet|user=GreyDeLisle|number=1071894398906986496|date=December 9, 2018|title=Go watch the @transformers @bumblebeemovie !!! It's SO GOOD! #arcee #BumblebeeMovie #Transformers}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kirk Baily]] — ''Brawn''&lt;ref name=&quot;CastConfirmation&quot;/&gt;
* Dennis Singletary — ''Ratchet''&lt;ref name=&quot;CastConfirmation&quot;/&gt;

==== Deseptikonlar ====
* [[Angela Bassett]] — ''Shatter''&lt;ref name=&quot;EWeekly&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/07/13/bumblebee-decepticon-trackers-first-look/ |first=Anthony |last=Breznican |title=First Look: Bumblebee unveils two new Decepticon muscle cars|date=July 13, 2018|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713170612/http://ew.com/movies/2018/07/13/bumblebee-decepticon-trackers-first-look/|archive-date=July 13, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Justin Theroux]] — ''Dropkick''&lt;ref name=&quot;EWeekly&quot;/&gt;
* [[David Sobolov]] — ''Blitzwing''&lt;ref name=&quot;movieweb&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1st trailer&quot;&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAIX12F6958 |title=Bumblebee (2018) - Official Teaser Trailer - Paramount Pictures |date=June 5, 2018 |publisher= Paramount Pictures |via= [[YouTube]] |access-date=June 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605113944/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAIX12F6958 |archive-date= June 5, 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Jon Bailey — ''[[Shockwave]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollywood Reporter trailer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/how-bumblebee-trailer-redesigns-transformers-a-new-era-1146549 |date=September 24, 2018 |first=Graeme |last=McMillan|title=How 'Bumblebee' Trailer Demonstrates Best of Both Worlds|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=September 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928043928/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/how-bumblebee-trailer-redesigns-transformers-a-new-era-1146549|archive-date=September 28, 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ''[[Soundwave]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Hollywood Reporter trailer&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bailey-Twitter&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EpicVoiceGuy/status/1071967974200758272|title=I'm just gonna go ahead &amp; claim these for the @bumblebeemovie toys of the characters I voiced. @transformers #JoinTheBuzz #TransformersSeigepic.twitter.com/Ygw9yDET8e|first=Jon|last=Bailey|date=December 9, 2018|access-date=December 10, 2018|archive-date=February 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218205026/https://twitter.com/EpicVoiceGuy/status/1071967974200758272|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Musiqasi ==
{{Treklist
| extra_column   = Ijrochi(lar)
| title1         = Back to Life
| extra1         = [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| length1        = 3:53
| title2         = Bigmouth Strikes Again
| extra2         = [[The Smiths]]
| length2        = 3:15
| title3         = Things Can Only Get Better
| extra3         = Howard Jones
| length3        = 3:56
| title4         = Runaway
| extra4         = [[Bon Jovi]]
| length4        = 3:52
| title5         = Save a Prayer
| extra5         = [[Duran Duran]]
| length5        = 3:46
| title6         = Higher Love
| extra6         = Steve Winwood
| length6        = 5:49
| title7         = Take On Me
| extra7         = A-ha
| length7        = 3:48
| title8         = Everybody Wants to Rule the World
| extra8         = Tears for Fears
| length8        = 4:12
| title9         = It Takes Two
| extra9         = Rob Base &amp; DJ E-Z Rock
| length9        = 5:01
| title10        = The Touch
| extra10        = Stan Bush
| length10       = 3:56
| title11        = I Can't Wait
| extra11        = Nu Shooz
| length11       = 3:38
| title12        = I Can't Drive 55
| extra12        = Sammy Hagar
| length12       = 4:12
| title13        = Dance Hall Days
| extra13        = Wang Chung
| length13       = 4:00
| title14        = Girlfriend in a Coma
| extra14        = The Smiths
| length14       = 2:04
| title15        = Don't You (Forget About Me)
| extra15        = Simple Minds
| length15       = 4:22
| title16        = Back to Life (80s Remix)
| extra16        = [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| length16       = 3:13
}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190330220647/http://www.bumblebeemovie.com/ Rasmiy sayti] {{in lang|en}}
* {{IMDbda film|5090566}}

{{Transformers (kinofranshiza)}}
{{portal bar|AQSh|Xitoy|Kino}}
{{tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2018-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2018-yil 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Coming-of-age janridagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Spin-off filmlar]]
[[Turkum:Xitoy filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Xitoy 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:4DX-filmlar]]</text>
      <sha1>t88wdqc9kzm8o92i5omccdtj4n08nk8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
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      <text bytes="15744" sha1="ppkime3c7jgspdgsobm7uhnuhqvx4sv" xml:space="preserve">{{maʼnolari}}
{{Mediafranshiza bilgiqutisi
| title = Transformerlar
| image = Transformers 2014 logo.png
| caption = Rasmiy logotip (2014-yildan)
| creator = {{ubl|[[Takara]]|[[Hasbro]]}}
| origin = „[[The Transformers]]“
| based_on = [[Diaclone]] and [[Microman|Micro Change]]
| years = 1984-yildan
| books =
| comics = [[#Komikslar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| films = [[#Kinofilmlar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| tv =
| atv = [[#Multseriallar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| games = 
| vgs = [[#Videooʻyinlar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| radio = 
| soundtracks =
| music = 
| toys = 
}}
'''Transformerlar''' ({{lang-en|Transformers}}; {{lang-ja|トランスフォーマー, Toransufo:ma}})
— [[Hasbro]] ([[AQSH]]) va [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]] ([[Yaponiya]]) kompaniyalari yaratgan [[mediafranshiza]]. [[Oʻyinchoq]]lar, [[multfilm]]lar, [[komiks]]lar, [[videooʻyin]]lar, [[kinofilm]]larni oʻz ichiga oladi. Franshiza markazida shaklini [[transport vositalari]]ga ([[avtomobil]], [[yuk mashinasi]], [[samolyot]] va boshqalar) aylantira oladigan [[Oʻzga sayyoraliklar|boshqa planetalik]] ikki firqa — tinchliksevar [[avtobotlar]] va mustabid [[deseptikonlar]] turadi. 2011-yil holatiga koʻra, „Transformerlar“ butun jahon boʻylab 2 trillion [[iyena]]dan ortiq daromad keltirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=政府、ハリウッドにアニメ・玩具セールス 国策会社設立|url=http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201111020783.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402201834/http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201111020783.html|access-date=31 May 2021|work=The Asahi Shimbun|date=2011-11-03|archive-date=April 2, 2012|language=yaponcha|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va tarixdagi eng muvaffaqiyatli franshizalar qatoridan oʻrin egallagan.

== Komikslar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |№
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nom
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Adad
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nashr sanasi
|-
!Birinchi
!Oxirgi
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Marvel Comics]]
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!1
|''The Transformers''
|80
|1984-yil sentyabr
|1991-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!2
|''The Transformers UK''
|332
|1984-yil sentyabr
|1991-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |
!3
|''G.I. Joe and the Transformers''
|4
|1987-yil yanvar
|1987-yil aprel
|-
! style=&quot;background:lightblue;&quot; |
!4
|''The Transformers: Headmasters''
|4
|1987-yil iyul
|1988-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!5
|''Transformers: Generation 2''
|12
|1993-yil noyabr
|1994-yil oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!6
|''The Transformers: Regeneration One''
|20
|2012-yil iyul
|2014-yil mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!7
|''Transformers '84: Secrets &amp; Lies''
|4
|2019-yil avgust
|2020-yil oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[3H Enterprises]] Beast Wars
|-
! style=&quot;background:black;&quot; |
!8
|''Tales from the Beast Wars''
|2
|1997-yil iyul
|2000-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#FF7F00&quot; |
!9
|''Transformers: The Wreckers''
|3
|2001-yil iyul
|2004-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#AC1F24&quot; |
!10
|''Transformers: Universe''
|3
|2003-yil avgust
|2004-yil iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Dreamwave Generation One
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!11
|''Transformers: Generation One''
|26
|2002-yil aprel
|2004-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!12
|''Transformers: The War Within''
|15
|2002-yil oktyabr
|2003-yil dekabr
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!13
|''Transformers: Micromasters''
|4
|2004-yil iyun
|2004-yil sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Dreamwave Unicron
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!14
|''Transformers: Armada''
|18
|2002-yil iyul
|2003-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!15
|''Transformers: Energon''
|12
|2004-yil yanvar
|2004-yil dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
! style=&quot;background:#000080;&quot; |
!16
!IDW 2005 comics continuity
|427
|2005-yil oktyabr
|2018-yil noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW Beast Wars
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!17
|''Beast Wars: The Gathering''
|4
|2006-yil fevral
|2006-yil may
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!18
|''Beast Wars: The Ascending''
|4
|2007-yil oktyabr
|2008-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
!19
|''Transformers: Beast Wars''
|18
|2021-yil fevral
|2022-yil iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!20
!''The Transformers: Hearts of Steel''
|4
|2006-yil iyun
|2006-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!21
!IDW movie comics
|59
|2007-yil fevral
|2011-yil avgust
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!22
!''Transformers'' (Titan)
|75
|2007-yil iyul
|2014-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!23
!''[[Transformers: Animated|Transformers Animated]]: The Arrival''
|6
|2008-yil avgust
|2008-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:black;&quot; |
!24
!IDW Aligned Continuity comics
|21
|2010-yil iyun
|2015-yil dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW
|-
! style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
!25
|''Transformers vs. G.I. Joe''
|13
|2014-yil iyul
|2016-yil iyun
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!26
|''Star Trek vs. Transformers''
|5
|2018-yil sentyabr
|2019-yil fevral
|-
! style=&quot;background:white;&quot; |
!27
|''Transformers/Ghostbusters''
|5
|2019-yil iyun
|2019-yil oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!28
|''Transformers vs. The Terminator''
|4
|2020-yil mart
|2020-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!29
|''My Little Pony/Transformers''
|8
|2020-yil avgust
|2021-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!30
|''Transformers/Back to the Future''
|4
|2020-yil oktyabr
|2021-yil may
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW 2019
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
!31
|''Transformers''
|35
|2019-yil mart
|2022-yil iyun
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!32
|''Transformers: Galaxies''
|12
|2019-yil sentyabr
|2020-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!33
|''Transformers: Escape''
|5
|2020-yil dekabr
|2021-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!34
|''Wreckers: Tread &amp; Circuits''
|4
|2021-yil oktyabr
|2022-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:white;&quot; |
!35
|''Transformers: War's End''
|4
|2022-yil fevral
|2022-yil may
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!36
!''Transformers: King Grimlock''
|5
|2021-yil avgust
|2022-yil fevral
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!37
!''Transformers: Shattered Glass''
|10
|2021-yil avgust
|2022-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!38
!''Transformers: Last Bot Standing''
|4
|2022-yil may
|2022-yil avgust
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Energon ([[Skybound Entertainment]])
|-
!
!39
!''Transformers''
!24
!2023-yil oktyabr
!{{TBA|—}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jami
!1245
!1984-yil sentyabr
!2024-yil iyun
|}

== Multseriallar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | №
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nom
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Epizodlar&lt;br&gt;soni
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Premyera&lt;br&gt;sanasi
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „[[GoBots]]“
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
! 1
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Challenge of the GoBots]]''
| 65
| 1984-yil 8-sentyabr — 1985-yil 13-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords]]''
| — 
| 1986-yil 21-mart
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Transformers: Generation 1“
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
! 2
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[The Transformers]]''
| 98
| 1984-yil 17-sentyabr — 1987-yil 11-noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[The Transformers: The Movie]]''
| — 
| 1986-yil 8-avgust
|-
! style=&quot;background:indigo;&quot; |
! 3
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: The Headmasters]]''
| 35
| 1987-yil 3-iyul — 1988-yil 25-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |
! 4
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Super-God Masterforce]]''
| 42
| 1988-yil 12-aprel — 1989-yil 7-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
! 5
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Victory]]''
| 44
| 1989-yil 14-mart — 1989-yil 19-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[OVA]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Zone]]''
| –
| 1990-yil 21-iyul 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#DF511E;&quot; |
! 6
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Generation 2]]''
| 52
| 1993-yil 20-avgust — 1993-yil 23-sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Beast Era“
|-
! style=&quot;background:#0F52BA;&quot; |
! 7
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars: Transformers]]''
| 52
| 1996-yil 16-sentyabr — 1999-yil 7-may
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
! 8
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars II]]''
| 43
| 1998-yil 1-aprel — 1999-yil 27-yanvar
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars II: Lio Convoy's Close Call!]]''
| –
| 1998-yil 19-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
! 9
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars Neo]]''
| 35
| 1999-yil 3-fevral — 1999-yil 29-sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#B9F2FF;&quot; |
! 10
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Machines]]''
| 26
| 1999-yil 18-sentyabr — 2000-yil 18-noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#DF511E;&quot; |
! 11
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise]]'' (2000)
| 39
| 2000-yil 5-aprel — 2000-yil 27-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Unicron“ trilogiyasi
|-
! style=&quot;background:#D174D1;&quot; |
! 12
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Armada]]''
| 52
| 2002-yil 23-avgust — 2003-yil 26-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#009CEF;&quot; |
! 13
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Energon]]''
| 51
| 2004-yil 9-yanvar — 2004-yil 24-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#D1FF33;&quot; |
! 14
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cybertron]]''
| 52
| 2005-yil 8-yanvar — 2005-yil 31-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#E35D5D;&quot; |
! 15
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Animated]]''
| 42
| 2007-yil 26-dekabr — 2009-yil 23-may
|-
! style=&quot;background:cyan;&quot; |
! 16
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyber Missions]]''
| 13
| 2010-yil 21-yanvar — 2010-yil 29-sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Aligned Continuity“
|-
! style=&quot;background:#FEBE00;&quot; |
! 17
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Prime]]''
| 65
| 2010-yil 29-noyabr — 2013-yil 26-iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#7FC01E;&quot; |
! 18
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots]]''
| 104
| 2012-yil 18-fevral — 2016-yil 22-oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | OVA
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers Go!]]''
| 10
| 2013-yil 1-iyul — 2014-yil 1-aprel
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers Prime Beast Hunters: Predacons Rising]]''
| –
| 2013-yil 4-oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#B20D21;&quot; |
! 19
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise]]'' (2015)
| 71
| 2015-yil 14-mart — 2017-yil 11-noyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#9ACD32;&quot; |
! 20
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots Academy]]''
| 104
| 2019-yil 5-yanvar — 2021-yil 5-iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Mystery of Convoy“
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
! 21
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Q Transformers: Mystery of Convoy Returns''
| 13
| 2015-yil 6-yanvar — 2015-yil 31-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
! 22
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Q Transformers: The Road to Additional Popularity''
| 13
|2015-yil 6-iyul — 2015-yil 1-oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Prime Wars“ trilogiyasi
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
! 23
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Combiner Wars]]''
| 8
| 2016-yil 2-avgust — 2016-yil 20-sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:indigo;&quot; |
! 24
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Titans Return]]''
| 10
| 2017-yil 14-noyabr — 2018-yil 9-yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |
! 25
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Power of the Primes]]''
| 10
| 2018-yil 1-may — 2018-yil 3-iyul
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|- 
! style=&quot;background:#000080;&quot; |
! 26
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyberverse]]''
| 64
| 2018-yil 27-avgust — 2021-yil 22-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
! 27 
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron Trilogy|War for Cybertron Trilogy]]''
| 18
| 2020-yil 30-iyul — 2021-yil 29-iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:lightblue;&quot;| 
! 28
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: BotBots]]''
| 10
| 2022-yil 25-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:#CDBA88;&quot;| 
! 29
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: EarthSpark]]''
| 46
| 2022-yil 11-noyabr — 2025-yil 5-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background: #6B695F ;&quot;| 
! 30
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyberworld]]''
| 19
| 2025-yil 12-iyul — 
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Jami
! 1306
! 1984-yil 8-sentyabr — hozirgacha
|}

== Kinofilmlar ==
{{main|Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)}}

== Videooʻyinlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nom
!Yil
!Platformalar
!Ishlab chiqaruvchi
|-
|''[[The Transformers (oʻyin)|The Transformers]]''
|{{sana|1986}}
|[[ZX Spectrum]], [[Commodore 64]]
|Denton Designs
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: The Battle to Save the Earth|en}}''
|{{sana|1986}}
|Commodore 64
|Activision
|-
|''[[The Transformers: Mystery of Convoy]]''
|{{sana|1986}}
|[[Nintendo Entertainment System|Famicom]]
|{{tah|ISCO|en|ISCO (videogame developer)}}
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Headmasters (oʻyin)|Transformers: The Headmasters]]''
|{{sana|1987}}
|[[Family Computer Disk System]]
|Takara
|-
|''[[Transformers: Beast Wars (oʻyin)|Transformers: Beast Wars]]''
|{{sana|1997}}
|[[Windows]], [[PlayStation]]
|[[Guerrilla Cambridge|SCE Studio Cambridge]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Beast Wars Transmetals]]''
|{{sana|1999}}
|[[Nintendo 64]], PlayStation
|Locomotive, Wavedge
|-
|''[[Kettō Transformers Beast Wars: Beast Senshi Saikyō Ketteisen]]''
|{{sana|1999}}
|[[Game Boy Color]]
|[[Gaibrain]]
|-
|''[[Transformers (oʻyin, 2003)|Transformers]]''
|{{sana|2003}}
|[[PlayStation 2]]
|{{tah|Winkysoft|en}}
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers (oʻyin, 2004)|en|Transformers (2004 video game)|lt=Transformers}}''
|{{sana|2004}}
|PlayStation 2
|Atari Melbourne House
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Game]]''
|{{sana|2007}}
|Windows, [[Nintendo DS]], PlayStation 2, [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Wii]], [[Xbox 360]]
|Traveller's Tales
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers Animated: The Game|en}}''
|{{sana|2008}}
|Nintendo DS
|Artificial Mind &amp; Movement
|-
|''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen''
|{{sana|2009}}
|Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Xbox 360
|[[Luxoflux]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron]]''
|{{sana|2010}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
|[[High Moon Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Cybertron Adventures]]''
|{{sana|2010}}
|Wii
|[[Next Level Games]]
|-
|''Transformers: Dark of the Moon''
|{{sana|2011}}
|[[Nintendo 3DS]], Nintendo DS, [[iOS]], PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360
|High Moon Studios, Behaviour Interactive
|-
|''[[Transformers: Fall of Cybertron]]''
|{{sana|2012}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, [[PlayStation 4]], Xbox 360, [[Xbox One]]
|High Moon Studios
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: Prime – The Game|en}}''
|{{sana|2012}}
|Wii, [[Wii U]], Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS
|[[Now Production]], [[Altron Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark]]''
|{{sana|2014}}
|Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U
|Edge of Reality
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: Devastation|en}}''
|{{sana|2015}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One
|PlatinumGames
|-
|''[[Transformers: Battlegrounds]]''
|{{sana|2020}}
|[[Nintendo Switch]], PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows
|Coatsink
|-
|''[[Transformers: EarthSpark — Expedition]]''
|{{sana|2023}}
|Windows, PlayStation 4, [[PlayStation 5]], Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, [[Xbox Series X/S]]
|[[Tessera Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Galactic Trials]]''
|{{sana|2024}}
|Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S
|3DClouds S.r.l.
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{commons category|Transformers}}
* {{URL|https://shop.hasbro.com/en-us/transformers|Rasmiy sayti (Hasbro)}} {{in lang|en}}
* {{URL|https://tf.takaratomy.co.jp/|Rasmiy sayti (Tomy)}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{portal bar|AQSh|Yaponiya|Konikslar|Televidenite|Kino|Multiplikatsiya|Anime va manga|Kitoblar|Musiqa|Hayvonlar|Tarix}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar|*Transformerlar]]</text>
      <sha1>ppkime3c7jgspdgsobm7uhnuhqvx4sv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988934</id>
      <parentid>5988927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:58:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Kichik tuzatish</comment>
      <origin>5988934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="15742" sha1="8p5iscu02eodwq77yxllwehixdki6zp" xml:space="preserve">{{maʼnolari}}
{{Mediafranshiza bilgiqutisi
| title = Transformerlar
| image = Transformers 2014 logo.png
| caption = Rasmiy logotip (2014-yildan)
| creator = {{ubl|[[Takara]]|[[Hasbro]]}}
| origin = „[[The Transformers]]“
| based_on = [[Diaclone]] and [[Microman|Micro Change]]
| years = 1984-yildan
| books =
| comics = [[#Komikslar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| films = [[#Kinofilmlar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| tv =
| atv = [[#Multseriallar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| games = 
| vgs = [[#Videooʻyinlar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| radio = 
| soundtracks =
| music = 
| toys = 
}}
'''Transformerlar''' ({{lang-en|Transformers}}; {{lang-ja|トランスフォーマー, Toransufo:ma}})
— [[Hasbro]] ([[AQSH]]) va [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]] ([[Yaponiya]]) kompaniyalari yaratgan [[mediafranshiza]]. [[Oʻyinchoq]]lar, [[multfilm]]lar, [[komiks]]lar, [[videooʻyin]]lar, [[kinofilm]]larni oʻz ichiga oladi. Franshiza markazida shaklini [[transport vositalari]]ga ([[avtomobil]], [[yuk mashinasi]], [[samolyot]] va boshqalar) aylantira oladigan [[Oʻzga sayyoraliklar|boshqa planetalik]] ikki firqa — tinchliksevar [[avtobotlar]] va mustabid [[deseptikonlar]] turadi. 2011-yil holatiga koʻra, „Transformerlar“ butun jahon boʻylab 2 trillion [[iyena]]dan ortiq daromad keltirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=政府、ハリウッドにアニメ・玩具セールス 国策会社設立|url=http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201111020783.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402201834/http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201111020783.html|access-date=31 May 2021|work=The Asahi Shimbun|date=2011-11-03|archive-date=April 2, 2012|language=yaponcha|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va tarixdagi eng muvaffaqiyatli franshizalar qatoridan oʻrin egallagan.

== Komikslar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |№
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nom
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Adad
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nashr sanasi
|-
!Birinchi
!Oxirgi
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Marvel Comics]]
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!1
|''The Transformers''
|80
|1984-yil sentyabr
|1991-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!2
|''The Transformers UK''
|332
|1984-yil sentyabr
|1991-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |
!3
|''G.I. Joe and the Transformers''
|4
|1987-yil yanvar
|1987-yil aprel
|-
! style=&quot;background:lightblue;&quot; |
!4
|''The Transformers: Headmasters''
|4
|1987-yil iyul
|1988-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!5
|''Transformers: Generation 2''
|12
|1993-yil noyabr
|1994-yil oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!6
|''The Transformers: Regeneration One''
|20
|2012-yil iyul
|2014-yil mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!7
|''Transformers '84: Secrets &amp; Lies''
|4
|2019-yil avgust
|2020-yil oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[3H Enterprises]] Beast Wars
|-
! style=&quot;background:black;&quot; |
!8
|''Tales from the Beast Wars''
|2
|1997-yil iyul
|2000-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#FF7F00&quot; |
!9
|''Transformers: The Wreckers''
|3
|2001-yil iyul
|2004-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#AC1F24&quot; |
!10
|''Transformers: Universe''
|3
|2003-yil avgust
|2004-yil iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Dreamwave Generation One
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!11
|''Transformers: Generation One''
|26
|2002-yil aprel
|2004-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!12
|''Transformers: The War Within''
|15
|2002-yil oktyabr
|2003-yil dekabr
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!13
|''Transformers: Micromasters''
|4
|2004-yil iyun
|2004-yil sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Dreamwave Unicron
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!14
|''Transformers: Armada''
|18
|2002-yil iyul
|2003-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!15
|''Transformers: Energon''
|12
|2004-yil yanvar
|2004-yil dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
! style=&quot;background:#000080;&quot; |
!16
!IDW 2005 comics continuity
|427
|2005-yil oktyabr
|2018-yil noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW Beast Wars
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!17
|''Beast Wars: The Gathering''
|4
|2006-yil fevral
|2006-yil may
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!18
|''Beast Wars: The Ascending''
|4
|2007-yil oktyabr
|2008-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
!19
|''Transformers: Beast Wars''
|18
|2021-yil fevral
|2022-yil iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!20
!''The Transformers: Hearts of Steel''
|4
|2006-yil iyun
|2006-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!21
!IDW movie comics
|59
|2007-yil fevral
|2011-yil avgust
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!22
!''Transformers'' (Titan)
|75
|2007-yil iyul
|2014-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!23
!''[[Transformers: Animated|Transformers Animated]]: The Arrival''
|6
|2008-yil avgust
|2008-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:black;&quot; |
!24
!IDW Aligned Continuity comics
|21
|2010-yil iyun
|2015-yil dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW
|-
! style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
!25
|''Transformers vs. G.I. Joe''
|13
|2014-yil iyul
|2016-yil iyun
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!26
|''Star Trek vs. Transformers''
|5
|2018-yil sentyabr
|2019-yil fevral
|-
! style=&quot;background:white;&quot; |
!27
|''Transformers/Ghostbusters''
|5
|2019-yil iyun
|2019-yil oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!28
|''Transformers vs. The Terminator''
|4
|2020-yil mart
|2020-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!29
|''My Little Pony/Transformers''
|8
|2020-yil avgust
|2021-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!30
|''Transformers/Back to the Future''
|4
|2020-yil oktyabr
|2021-yil may
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW 2019
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
!31
|''Transformers''
|35
|2019-yil mart
|2022-yil iyun
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!32
|''Transformers: Galaxies''
|12
|2019-yil sentyabr
|2020-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!33
|''Transformers: Escape''
|5
|2020-yil dekabr
|2021-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!34
|''Wreckers: Tread &amp; Circuits''
|4
|2021-yil oktyabr
|2022-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:white;&quot; |
!35
|''Transformers: War's End''
|4
|2022-yil fevral
|2022-yil may
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!36
!''Transformers: King Grimlock''
|5
|2021-yil avgust
|2022-yil fevral
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!37
!''Transformers: Shattered Glass''
|10
|2021-yil avgust
|2022-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!38
!''Transformers: Last Bot Standing''
|4
|2022-yil may
|2022-yil avgust
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Energon ([[Skybound Entertainment]])
|-
!
!39
!''Transformers''
!24
!2023-yil oktyabr
!{{TBA|—}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jami
!1245
!1984-yil sentyabr
!2024-yil iyun
|}

== Multseriallar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | №
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nom
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Epizodlar&lt;br&gt;soni
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Premyera&lt;br&gt;sanasi
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „[[GoBots]]“
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
! 1
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Challenge of the GoBots]]''
| 65
| 1984-yil 8-sentyabr — 1985-yil 13-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords]]''
| — 
| 1986-yil 21-mart
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Transformers: Generation 1“
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
! 2
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[The Transformers]]''
| 98
| 1984-yil 17-sentyabr — 1987-yil 11-noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[The Transformers: The Movie]]''
| — 
| 1986-yil 8-avgust
|-
! style=&quot;background:indigo;&quot; |
! 3
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: The Headmasters]]''
| 35
| 1987-yil 3-iyul — 1988-yil 25-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |
! 4
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Super-God Masterforce]]''
| 42
| 1988-yil 12-aprel — 1989-yil 7-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
! 5
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Victory]]''
| 44
| 1989-yil 14-mart — 1989-yil 19-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[OVA]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Zone]]''
| –
| 1990-yil 21-iyul 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#DF511E;&quot; |
! 6
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Generation 2]]''
| 52
| 1993-yil 20-avgust — 1993-yil 23-sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Beast Era“
|-
! style=&quot;background:#0F52BA;&quot; |
! 7
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars: Transformers]]''
| 52
| 1996-yil 16-sentyabr — 1999-yil 7-may
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
! 8
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars II]]''
| 43
| 1998-yil 1-aprel — 1999-yil 27-yanvar
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars II: Lio Convoy's Close Call!]]''
| –
| 1998-yil 19-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
! 9
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars Neo]]''
| 35
| 1999-yil 3-fevral — 1999-yil 29-sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#B9F2FF;&quot; |
! 10
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Machines]]''
| 26
| 1999-yil 18-sentyabr — 2000-yil 18-noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#DF511E;&quot; |
! 11
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise]]'' (2000)
| 39
| 2000-yil 5-aprel — 2000-yil 27-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Unicron“ trilogiyasi
|-
! style=&quot;background:#D174D1;&quot; |
! 12
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Armada]]''
| 52
| 2002-yil 23-avgust — 2003-yil 26-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#009CEF;&quot; |
! 13
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Energon]]''
| 51
| 2004-yil 9-yanvar — 2004-yil 24-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#D1FF33;&quot; |
! 14
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cybertron]]''
| 52
| 2005-yil 8-yanvar — 2005-yil 31-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#E35D5D;&quot; |
! 15
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Animated]]''
| 42
| 2007-yil 26-dekabr — 2009-yil 23-may
|-
! style=&quot;background:cyan;&quot; |
! 16
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyber Missions]]''
| 13
| 2010-yil 21-yanvar — 2010-yil 29-sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Aligned Continuity“
|-
! style=&quot;background:#FEBE00;&quot; |
! 17
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Prime]]''
| 65
| 2010-yil 29-noyabr — 2013-yil 26-iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#7FC01E;&quot; |
! 18
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots]]''
| 104
| 2012-yil 18-fevral — 2016-yil 22-oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | OVA
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers Go!]]''
| 10
| 2013-yil 1-iyul — 2014-yil 1-aprel
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers Prime Beast Hunters: Predacons Rising]]''
| –
| 2013-yil 4-oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#B20D21;&quot; |
! 19
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise]]'' (2015)
| 71
| 2015-yil 14-mart — 2017-yil 11-noyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#9ACD32;&quot; |
! 20
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots Academy]]''
| 104
| 2019-yil 5-yanvar — 2021-yil 5-iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Mystery of Convoy“
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
! 21
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Q Transformers: Mystery of Convoy Returns''
| 13
| 2015-yil 6-yanvar — 2015-yil 31-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
! 22
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Q Transformers: The Road to Additional Popularity''
| 13
|2015-yil 6-iyul — 2015-yil 1-oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Prime Wars“ trilogiyasi
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
! 23
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Combiner Wars]]''
| 8
| 2016-yil 2-avgust — 2016-yil 20-sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:indigo;&quot; |
! 24
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Titans Return]]''
| 10
| 2017-yil 14-noyabr — 2018-yil 9-yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |
! 25
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Power of the Primes]]''
| 10
| 2018-yil 1-may — 2018-yil 3-iyul
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|- 
! style=&quot;background:#000080;&quot; |
! 26
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyberverse]]''
| 64
| 2018-yil 27-avgust — 2021-yil 22-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
! 27 
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron Trilogy|War for Cybertron Trilogy]]''
| 18
| 2020-yil 30-iyul — 2021-yil 29-iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:lightblue;&quot;| 
! 28
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: BotBots]]''
| 10
| 2022-yil 25-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:#CDBA88;&quot;| 
! 29
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: EarthSpark]]''
| 46
| 2022-yil 11-noyabr — 2025-yil 5-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background: #6B695F ;&quot;| 
! 30
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyberworld]]''
| 19
| 2025-yil 12-iyul — 
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Jami
! 1306
! 1984-yil 8-sentyabr — hozirgacha
|}

== Kinofilmlar ==
{{main|Transformers (kinofranshiza)}}

== Videooʻyinlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nom
!Yil
!Platformalar
!Ishlab chiqaruvchi
|-
|''[[The Transformers (oʻyin)|The Transformers]]''
|{{sana|1986}}
|[[ZX Spectrum]], [[Commodore 64]]
|Denton Designs
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: The Battle to Save the Earth|en}}''
|{{sana|1986}}
|Commodore 64
|Activision
|-
|''[[The Transformers: Mystery of Convoy]]''
|{{sana|1986}}
|[[Nintendo Entertainment System|Famicom]]
|{{tah|ISCO|en|ISCO (videogame developer)}}
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Headmasters (oʻyin)|Transformers: The Headmasters]]''
|{{sana|1987}}
|[[Family Computer Disk System]]
|Takara
|-
|''[[Transformers: Beast Wars (oʻyin)|Transformers: Beast Wars]]''
|{{sana|1997}}
|[[Windows]], [[PlayStation]]
|[[Guerrilla Cambridge|SCE Studio Cambridge]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Beast Wars Transmetals]]''
|{{sana|1999}}
|[[Nintendo 64]], PlayStation
|Locomotive, Wavedge
|-
|''[[Kettō Transformers Beast Wars: Beast Senshi Saikyō Ketteisen]]''
|{{sana|1999}}
|[[Game Boy Color]]
|[[Gaibrain]]
|-
|''[[Transformers (oʻyin, 2003)|Transformers]]''
|{{sana|2003}}
|[[PlayStation 2]]
|{{tah|Winkysoft|en}}
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers (oʻyin, 2004)|en|Transformers (2004 video game)|lt=Transformers}}''
|{{sana|2004}}
|PlayStation 2
|Atari Melbourne House
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Game]]''
|{{sana|2007}}
|Windows, [[Nintendo DS]], PlayStation 2, [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Wii]], [[Xbox 360]]
|Traveller's Tales
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers Animated: The Game|en}}''
|{{sana|2008}}
|Nintendo DS
|Artificial Mind &amp; Movement
|-
|''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen''
|{{sana|2009}}
|Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Xbox 360
|[[Luxoflux]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron]]''
|{{sana|2010}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
|[[High Moon Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Cybertron Adventures]]''
|{{sana|2010}}
|Wii
|[[Next Level Games]]
|-
|''Transformers: Dark of the Moon''
|{{sana|2011}}
|[[Nintendo 3DS]], Nintendo DS, [[iOS]], PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360
|High Moon Studios, Behaviour Interactive
|-
|''[[Transformers: Fall of Cybertron]]''
|{{sana|2012}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, [[PlayStation 4]], Xbox 360, [[Xbox One]]
|High Moon Studios
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: Prime – The Game|en}}''
|{{sana|2012}}
|Wii, [[Wii U]], Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS
|[[Now Production]], [[Altron Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark]]''
|{{sana|2014}}
|Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U
|Edge of Reality
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: Devastation|en}}''
|{{sana|2015}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One
|PlatinumGames
|-
|''[[Transformers: Battlegrounds]]''
|{{sana|2020}}
|[[Nintendo Switch]], PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows
|Coatsink
|-
|''[[Transformers: EarthSpark — Expedition]]''
|{{sana|2023}}
|Windows, PlayStation 4, [[PlayStation 5]], Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, [[Xbox Series X/S]]
|[[Tessera Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Galactic Trials]]''
|{{sana|2024}}
|Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S
|3DClouds S.r.l.
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{commons category|Transformers}}
* {{URL|https://shop.hasbro.com/en-us/transformers|Rasmiy sayti (Hasbro)}} {{in lang|en}}
* {{URL|https://tf.takaratomy.co.jp/|Rasmiy sayti (Tomy)}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{portal bar|AQSh|Yaponiya|Konikslar|Televidenite|Kino|Multiplikatsiya|Anime va manga|Kitoblar|Musiqa|Hayvonlar|Tarix}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar|*Transformerlar]]</text>
      <sha1>8p5iscu02eodwq77yxllwehixdki6zp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988978</id>
      <parentid>5988934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:04:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Kichik tuzatish</comment>
      <origin>5988978</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="15741" sha1="djm9cymei26sf06r7maa33yurh9arej" xml:space="preserve">{{maʼnolari}}
{{Mediafranshiza bilgiqutisi
| title = Transformerlar
| image = Transformers 2014 logo.png
| caption = Rasmiy logotip (2014-yildan)
| creator = {{ubl|[[Takara]]|[[Hasbro]]}}
| origin = „[[The Transformers]]“
| based_on = [[Diaclone]] and [[Microman|Micro Change]]
| years = 1984-yildan
| books =
| comics = [[#Komikslar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| films = [[#Kinofilmlar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| tv =
| atv = [[#Multseriallar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| games = 
| vgs = [[#Videooʻyinlar|''Bu yerga qarang'']]
| radio = 
| soundtracks =
| music = 
| toys = 
}}
'''Transformerlar''' ({{lang-en|Transformers}}; {{lang-ja|トランスフォーマー, Toransufo:ma}})
— [[Hasbro]] ([[AQSH]]) va [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]] ([[Yaponiya]]) kompaniyalari yaratgan [[mediafranshiza]]. [[Oʻyinchoq]]lar, [[multfilm]]lar, [[komiks]]lar, [[videooʻyin]]lar, [[kinofilm]]larni oʻz ichiga oladi. Franshiza markazida shaklini [[transport vositalari]]ga ([[avtomobil]], [[yuk mashinasi]], [[samolyot]] va boshqalar) aylantira oladigan [[Oʻzga sayyoraliklar|boshqa planetalik]] ikki firqa — tinchliksevar [[avtobotlar]] va mustabid [[deseptikonlar]] turadi. 2011-yil holatiga koʻra, „Transformerlar“ butun jahon boʻylab 2 trillion [[iyena]]dan ortiq daromad keltirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=政府、ハリウッドにアニメ・玩具セールス 国策会社設立|url=http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201111020783.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402201834/http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201111020783.html|access-date=31 May 2021|work=The Asahi Shimbun|date=2011-11-03|archive-date=April 2, 2012|language=yaponcha|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va tarixdagi eng muvaffaqiyatli franshizalar qatoridan oʻrin egallagan.

== Komikslar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |№
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nom
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Adad
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nashr sanasi
|-
!Birinchi
!Oxirgi
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Marvel Comics]]
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!1
|''The Transformers''
|80
|1984-yil sentyabr
|1991-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!2
|''The Transformers UK''
|332
|1984-yil sentyabr
|1991-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |
!3
|''G.I. Joe and the Transformers''
|4
|1987-yil yanvar
|1987-yil aprel
|-
! style=&quot;background:lightblue;&quot; |
!4
|''The Transformers: Headmasters''
|4
|1987-yil iyul
|1988-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!5
|''Transformers: Generation 2''
|12
|1993-yil noyabr
|1994-yil oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!6
|''The Transformers: Regeneration One''
|20
|2012-yil iyul
|2014-yil mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!7
|''Transformers '84: Secrets &amp; Lies''
|4
|2019-yil avgust
|2020-yil oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[3H Enterprises]] Beast Wars
|-
! style=&quot;background:black;&quot; |
!8
|''Tales from the Beast Wars''
|2
|1997-yil iyul
|2000-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#FF7F00&quot; |
!9
|''Transformers: The Wreckers''
|3
|2001-yil iyul
|2004-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#AC1F24&quot; |
!10
|''Transformers: Universe''
|3
|2003-yil avgust
|2004-yil iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Dreamwave Generation One
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!11
|''Transformers: Generation One''
|26
|2002-yil aprel
|2004-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!12
|''Transformers: The War Within''
|15
|2002-yil oktyabr
|2003-yil dekabr
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!13
|''Transformers: Micromasters''
|4
|2004-yil iyun
|2004-yil sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Dreamwave Unicron
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!14
|''Transformers: Armada''
|18
|2002-yil iyul
|2003-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!15
|''Transformers: Energon''
|12
|2004-yil yanvar
|2004-yil dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
! style=&quot;background:#000080;&quot; |
!16
!IDW 2005 comics continuity
|427
|2005-yil oktyabr
|2018-yil noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW Beast Wars
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!17
|''Beast Wars: The Gathering''
|4
|2006-yil fevral
|2006-yil may
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!18
|''Beast Wars: The Ascending''
|4
|2007-yil oktyabr
|2008-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
!19
|''Transformers: Beast Wars''
|18
|2021-yil fevral
|2022-yil iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!20
!''The Transformers: Hearts of Steel''
|4
|2006-yil iyun
|2006-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!21
!IDW movie comics
|59
|2007-yil fevral
|2011-yil avgust
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!22
!''Transformers'' (Titan)
|75
|2007-yil iyul
|2014-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!23
!''[[Transformers: Animated|Transformers Animated]]: The Arrival''
|6
|2008-yil avgust
|2008-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:black;&quot; |
!24
!IDW Aligned Continuity comics
|21
|2010-yil iyun
|2015-yil dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW
|-
! style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
!25
|''Transformers vs. G.I. Joe''
|13
|2014-yil iyul
|2016-yil iyun
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!26
|''Star Trek vs. Transformers''
|5
|2018-yil sentyabr
|2019-yil fevral
|-
! style=&quot;background:white;&quot; |
!27
|''Transformers/Ghostbusters''
|5
|2019-yil iyun
|2019-yil oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!28
|''Transformers vs. The Terminator''
|4
|2020-yil mart
|2020-yil sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!29
|''My Little Pony/Transformers''
|8
|2020-yil avgust
|2021-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!30
|''Transformers/Back to the Future''
|4
|2020-yil oktyabr
|2021-yil may
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |IDW 2019
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
!31
|''Transformers''
|35
|2019-yil mart
|2022-yil iyun
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
!32
|''Transformers: Galaxies''
|12
|2019-yil sentyabr
|2020-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
!33
|''Transformers: Escape''
|5
|2020-yil dekabr
|2021-yil iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
!34
|''Wreckers: Tread &amp; Circuits''
|4
|2021-yil oktyabr
|2022-yil yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:white;&quot; |
!35
|''Transformers: War's End''
|4
|2022-yil fevral
|2022-yil may
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
|-
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
!36
!''Transformers: King Grimlock''
|5
|2021-yil avgust
|2022-yil fevral
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
!37
!''Transformers: Shattered Glass''
|10
|2021-yil avgust
|2022-yil dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
!38
!''Transformers: Last Bot Standing''
|4
|2022-yil may
|2022-yil avgust
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Energon ([[Skybound Entertainment]])
|-
!
!39
!''Transformers''
!24
!2023-yil oktyabr
!{{TBA|—}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Jami
!1245
!1984-yil sentyabr
!2024-yil iyun
|}

== Multseriallar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | №
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nom
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Epizodlar&lt;br&gt;soni
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Premyera&lt;br&gt;sanasi
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „[[GoBots]]“
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
! 1
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Challenge of the GoBots]]''
| 65
| 1984-yil 8-sentyabr — 1985-yil 13-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords]]''
| — 
| 1986-yil 21-mart
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Transformers: Generation 1“
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
! 2
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[The Transformers]]''
| 98
| 1984-yil 17-sentyabr — 1987-yil 11-noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[The Transformers: The Movie]]''
| — 
| 1986-yil 8-avgust
|-
! style=&quot;background:indigo;&quot; |
! 3
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: The Headmasters]]''
| 35
| 1987-yil 3-iyul — 1988-yil 25-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |
! 4
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Super-God Masterforce]]''
| 42
| 1988-yil 12-aprel — 1989-yil 7-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |
! 5
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Victory]]''
| 44
| 1989-yil 14-mart — 1989-yil 19-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[OVA]]
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Zone]]''
| –
| 1990-yil 21-iyul 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#DF511E;&quot; |
! 6
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Generation 2]]''
| 52
| 1993-yil 20-avgust — 1993-yil 23-sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Beast Era“
|-
! style=&quot;background:#0F52BA;&quot; |
! 7
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars: Transformers]]''
| 52
| 1996-yil 16-sentyabr — 1999-yil 7-may
|-
! style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
! 8
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars II]]''
| 43
| 1998-yil 1-aprel — 1999-yil 27-yanvar
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars II: Lio Convoy's Close Call!]]''
| –
| 1998-yil 19-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
! 9
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Wars Neo]]''
| 35
| 1999-yil 3-fevral — 1999-yil 29-sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#B9F2FF;&quot; |
! 10
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Beast Machines]]''
| 26
| 1999-yil 18-sentyabr — 2000-yil 18-noyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#DF511E;&quot; |
! 11
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise]]'' (2000)
| 39
| 2000-yil 5-aprel — 2000-yil 27-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Unicron“ trilogiyasi
|-
! style=&quot;background:#D174D1;&quot; |
! 12
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Armada]]''
| 52
| 2002-yil 23-avgust — 2003-yil 26-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#009CEF;&quot; |
! 13
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Energon]]''
| 51
| 2004-yil 9-yanvar — 2004-yil 24-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#D1FF33;&quot; |
! 14
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cybertron]]''
| 52
| 2005-yil 8-yanvar — 2005-yil 31-dekabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|-
! style=&quot;background:#E35D5D;&quot; |
! 15
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Animated]]''
| 42
| 2007-yil 26-dekabr — 2009-yil 23-may
|-
! style=&quot;background:cyan;&quot; |
! 16
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyber Missions]]''
| 13
| 2010-yil 21-yanvar — 2010-yil 29-sentyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Aligned Continuity“
|-
! style=&quot;background:#FEBE00;&quot; |
! 17
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Prime]]''
| 65
| 2010-yil 29-noyabr — 2013-yil 26-iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:#7FC01E;&quot; |
! 18
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots]]''
| 104
| 2012-yil 18-fevral — 2016-yil 22-oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | OVA
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers Go!]]''
| 10
| 2013-yil 1-iyul — 2014-yil 1-aprel
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Multfilm
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers Prime Beast Hunters: Predacons Rising]]''
| –
| 2013-yil 4-oktyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#B20D21;&quot; |
! 19
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Robots in Disguise]]'' (2015)
| 71
| 2015-yil 14-mart — 2017-yil 11-noyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#9ACD32;&quot; |
! 20
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rescue Bots Academy]]''
| 104
| 2019-yil 5-yanvar — 2021-yil 5-iyun
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Mystery of Convoy“
|-
! style=&quot;background:pink;&quot; |
! 21
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Q Transformers: Mystery of Convoy Returns''
| 13
| 2015-yil 6-yanvar — 2015-yil 31-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:red;&quot; |
! 22
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Q Transformers: The Road to Additional Popularity''
| 13
|2015-yil 6-iyul — 2015-yil 1-oktyabr
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | „Prime Wars“ trilogiyasi
|-
! style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |
! 23
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Combiner Wars]]''
| 8
| 2016-yil 2-avgust — 2016-yil 20-sentyabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:indigo;&quot; |
! 24
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Titans Return]]''
| 10
| 2017-yil 14-noyabr — 2018-yil 9-yanvar
|-
! style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |
! 25
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Power of the Primes]]''
| 10
| 2018-yil 1-may — 2018-yil 3-iyul
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ccccff;&quot; | 
|- 
! style=&quot;background:#000080;&quot; |
! 26
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyberverse]]''
| 64
| 2018-yil 27-avgust — 2021-yil 22-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background:#50C878;&quot; |
! 27 
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron Trilogy|War for Cybertron Trilogy]]''
| 18
| 2020-yil 30-iyul — 2021-yil 29-iyul
|-
! style=&quot;background:lightblue;&quot;| 
! 28
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: BotBots]]''
| 10
| 2022-yil 25-mart
|-
! style=&quot;background:#CDBA88;&quot;| 
! 29
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: EarthSpark]]''
| 46
| 2022-yil 11-noyabr — 2025-yil 5-dekabr
|-
! style=&quot;background: #6B695F ;&quot;| 
! 30
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Cyberworld]]''
| 19
| 2025-yil 12-iyul — 
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Jami
! 1306
! 1984-yil 8-sentyabr — hozirgacha
|}

== Kinofilmlar ==
{{main|Transformers (kinofranshiza)}}

== Videooʻyinlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Nom
!Yil
!Platformalar
!Ishlab chiqaruvchi
|-
|''[[The Transformers (oʻyin)|The Transformers]]''
|{{sana|1986}}
|[[ZX Spectrum]], [[Commodore 64]]
|Denton Designs
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: The Battle to Save the Earth|en}}''
|{{sana|1986}}
|Commodore 64
|Activision
|-
|''[[The Transformers: Mystery of Convoy]]''
|{{sana|1986}}
|[[Nintendo Entertainment System|Famicom]]
|{{tah|ISCO|en|ISCO (videogame developer)}}
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Headmasters (oʻyin)|Transformers: The Headmasters]]''
|{{sana|1987}}
|[[Family Computer Disk System]]
|Takara
|-
|''[[Transformers: Beast Wars (oʻyin)|Transformers: Beast Wars]]''
|{{sana|1997}}
|[[Windows]], [[PlayStation]]
|[[Guerrilla Cambridge|SCE Studio Cambridge]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Beast Wars Transmetals]]''
|{{sana|1999}}
|[[Nintendo 64]], PlayStation
|Locomotive, Wavedge
|-
|''[[Kettō Transformers Beast Wars: Beast Senshi Saikyō Ketteisen]]''
|{{sana|1999}}
|[[Game Boy Color]]
|[[Gaibrain]]
|-
|''[[Transformers (videooʻyin)|Transformers]]''
|{{sana|2003}}
|[[PlayStation 2]]
|{{tah|Winkysoft|en}}
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers (oʻyin, 2004)|en|Transformers (2004 video game)|lt=Transformers}}''
|{{sana|2004}}
|PlayStation 2
|Atari Melbourne House
|-
|''[[Transformers: The Game]]''
|{{sana|2007}}
|Windows, [[Nintendo DS]], PlayStation 2, [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation Portable]], [[Wii]], [[Xbox 360]]
|Traveller's Tales
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers Animated: The Game|en}}''
|{{sana|2008}}
|Nintendo DS
|Artificial Mind &amp; Movement
|-
|''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen''
|{{sana|2009}}
|Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Xbox 360
|[[Luxoflux]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: War for Cybertron]]''
|{{sana|2010}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
|[[High Moon Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Cybertron Adventures]]''
|{{sana|2010}}
|Wii
|[[Next Level Games]]
|-
|''Transformers: Dark of the Moon''
|{{sana|2011}}
|[[Nintendo 3DS]], Nintendo DS, [[iOS]], PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360
|High Moon Studios, Behaviour Interactive
|-
|''[[Transformers: Fall of Cybertron]]''
|{{sana|2012}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, [[PlayStation 4]], Xbox 360, [[Xbox One]]
|High Moon Studios
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: Prime – The Game|en}}''
|{{sana|2012}}
|Wii, [[Wii U]], Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS
|[[Now Production]], [[Altron Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark]]''
|{{sana|2014}}
|Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U
|Edge of Reality
|-
|''{{tah|Transformers: Devastation|en}}''
|{{sana|2015}}
|Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One
|PlatinumGames
|-
|''[[Transformers: Battlegrounds]]''
|{{sana|2020}}
|[[Nintendo Switch]], PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows
|Coatsink
|-
|''[[Transformers: EarthSpark — Expedition]]''
|{{sana|2023}}
|Windows, PlayStation 4, [[PlayStation 5]], Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, [[Xbox Series X/S]]
|[[Tessera Studios]]
|-
|''[[Transformers: Galactic Trials]]''
|{{sana|2024}}
|Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S
|3DClouds S.r.l.
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{commons category|Transformers}}
* {{URL|https://shop.hasbro.com/en-us/transformers|Rasmiy sayti (Hasbro)}} {{in lang|en}}
* {{URL|https://tf.takaratomy.co.jp/|Rasmiy sayti (Tomy)}} {{in lang|ja}}

{{portal bar|AQSh|Yaponiya|Konikslar|Televidenite|Kino|Multiplikatsiya|Anime va manga|Kitoblar|Musiqa|Hayvonlar|Tarix}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar|*Transformerlar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar (maʼnolari)</title>
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    <id>684387</id>
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      <id>5988979</id>
      <parentid>4724395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:10:34Z</timestamp>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="746" sha1="r89qkqj9y5it2geuyytkvazyfiazg9s" xml:space="preserve">„'''[[Transformerlar]]'''“ — boshqa planetalik robotlar haqidagi mediafranshiza.

'''Transformerlar''':

{{TOC right}}
== Kino ==
* „[[The Transformers: The Movie|Transformerlar]]“ (multfilm, 1986)
* [[The Transformers|„Transformerlar“ (multserial)]]
* [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)|„Transformerlar“ (kinofranshiza)]]
** „[[Transformers (film)|Transformerlar]]“ (2007)

== Videooʻyinlar ==
* „[[The Transformers (videooʻyin, 1986)|The Transformers]]“ (1986)
* „[[Transformers (videooʻyin)|Transformers]]“ (2003)
* „[[Transformers (videooʻyin, 2004)|Transformers]]“ (2004)

== Komikslar ==
* [[Transformers (komiks)|''Transformers'' (komiks)]]

== Musiqa ==
* „[[Transformers: The Score]]“

{{disambig}}</text>
      <sha1>r89qkqj9y5it2geuyytkvazyfiazg9s</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers (videooʻyin)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>684390</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988975</id>
      <parentid>3710222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:01:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2663" sha1="ptuclavz8cpjwof8ohh5ad93f355m9e" xml:space="preserve">{{Videooʻyin bilgiqutisi
| nomi       = Transformers
| tasvir     = Transformers (2003) Coverart.png
| izoh       = 
| developer  = [[Winkysoft]]
| publisher  = [[Takara]]
| producer   = Norihiro Hayasaka
| director   = Kenichiro Matsumoto
| composer   = Tatsuya Fujiwara
| designer   = 
| engine     = 
| released   = {{Yaponiya bayrogʻi}} [[2003-yil]] [[30-oktyabr]]&lt;ref name=impress&gt;{{cite web|author=福田柵太郎|title=「トランスフォーマー」 PS2ゲームレビュー|url=https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20031128/tf.htm|website={{tah|Impress Watch|ja}}|date=2003-11-28|accessdate=2020-04-12|lang=ja|archive-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204212452/https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20031128/tf.htm|deadlink=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genre     = [[ekshen]]
| modes     = bir oʻyinchi
| platforms = [[PlayStation 2]]
}}
„'''Transformers'''“ ({{lang-ja|トランスフォーマー}}; boshqa nomlari — „'''Transformers Tatakai'''“&lt;ref name=irwin&gt;{{cite web|author=Irwin, Mary Jane|title=TGS 2003: Transformers Tatakai|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2003/09/26/tgs-2003-transformers-tatakai|website=IGN|date=2003-06-26|access-date=2020-04-12|lang=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=vandal&gt;{{cite web|author=Sanjurjo, Luis|title=Avance Transformers Takatai (PS2)|url=https://vandal.elespanol.com/avances/ps2/transformers-takatai/1741/1|website=Vandal|publisher=El Español|date=2003-07-18|access-date=2020-04-12|lang=es|archive-date=2020-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126014803/https://vandal.elespanol.com/avances/ps2/transformers-takatai/1741/1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, '''Tataki'''&lt;ref name=gamesetwatch&gt;{{cite web|author=Barder, Ollie|title=COLUMN: 'Roboto-chan!': Transformers - Robots in Demise|url=http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2009/07/draft_column_robotochan_transf.php|website=GameSetWatch|date=2009-07-31|access-date=2020-04-14|lang=en|archive-date=2020-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601204539/http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2009/07/draft_column_robotochan_transf.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „'''Transformers: Call of the Future'''“&lt;ref name=cbr&gt;{{cite web|author=Ashford, Sage|title=15 Transformers Games, Ranked From Worst To Best|url=https://www.cbr.com/transformers-games-ranked/|website=CBR|date=2017-08-23|access-date=2020-04-14|lang=en|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125010051/http://www.cbr.com/transformers-games-ranked/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;) — [[ekshen]] janridagi [[videooʻyin]]. [[Winkysoft]] kompaniyasi ishlab chiqargan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{videogame-stub}}

[[Turkum:Ekshen janridagi videooʻyinlar]]</text>
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    <title>„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>684481</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati]] sahifasini [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
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      <text bytes="19918" sha1="18ndszh5fww9og8uxo9p3yw9t1lvnkt" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
Bu sahifada [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasidagi]] oʻynagan '''aktyorlar''' roʻyxati keltirilgan.

== Aktyorlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:102%;&quot;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | Personaj
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Film
|-
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar (film)|Transformerlar]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi|{{small|Transformerlar:}}&lt;br /&gt;Razillar qasosi]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar|{{small|Transformerlar:}}&lt;br /&gt;Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|{{small|Transformers:}}&lt;br /&gt;Age of Extinction]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar|{{small|Transformerlar:}}&lt;br /&gt;Soʻnggi ritsar]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|{{small|Transformers:}}&lt;br /&gt;Rise of the Beasts]]''
|-
! 2007
! 2009
! 2011
! 2014
! 2017
! 2018
! 2023
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ddf;&quot; |

=== Autobotlar ===
|-
! [[Optimus Prime]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Peter Cullen]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
| [[Mark Ryan (actor)|Mark Ryan]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Radio sounds
| [[Erik Aadahl]]
| [[Dylan O'Brien]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Ironhide]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Jess Harnell]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Photograph
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Jazz (Transformerlar)|Jazz]]
| [[Darius McCrary]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Ratchet (Transformerlar)|Ratchet]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Robert Foxworth]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Dennis Singletary
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Sideswipe (Transformerlar)|Sideswipe]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[André Sogliuzzo]]
| [[James Remar]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Jolt (Transformerlar)|Jolt]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Skids (Transformerlar)|Skids]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Tom Kenny]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Cameo
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Mudflap (Transformerlar)|Mudflap]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Reno Wilson]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Arcee]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=3| [[Grey DeLisle|Grey Griffin]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Photograph
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Grey Griffin
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Chromia (Transformerlar)|Chromia]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Elita-One]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Jetfire]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Mark Ryan
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Wheelie (Transformerlar)|Wheelie]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Tom Kenny
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Tom Kenny
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Brains
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Reno Wilson
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Mirage (Transformerlar)|Mirage]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Francesco Quinn]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Wheeljack]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[George Coe]]
| Photograph
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Steve Blum]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Topspin (Transformerlar)|Topspin]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| No voice actor
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Steven Barr]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Roadbuster]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Ron Bottitta]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Leadfoot (Transformerlar)|Leadfoot]]
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[John DiMaggio]]
| Archive footage
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Sentinel Prime]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Leonard Nimoy]]
| Head
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Hound (Transformerlar)|Hound]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/02/transformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-preview/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer Preview|last=Lovett|first=James|publisher=Comicbook.com|date=2-fevral 2014-yil|accessdate=4-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[John Goodman]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Crosshairs (Transformerlar)|Crosshairs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | John DiMaggio
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Drift (Transformerlar)|Drift]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ken Watanabe]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Grimlock]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Slag (Transformerlar)|Slug]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Screenrant.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/transformers-4-age-extinction-ny-toy-fair-2014/|title='Transformers: Age of Extinction' Toy Images Reveal New Characters|last=Vieira|first=Anthony|publisher=Screenrant.com|date=February 15, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Strafe (Transformerlar)|Strafe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/03/tranformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-five-questions-raised/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer: Five Questions Raised|last=Lovett|first=Jamie|publisher=Comicbook.com|date=3-fevral 2014-yil|accessdate=15-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Scorn&lt;ref name=&quot;Screenrant.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Rodimus|Hot Rod]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Omar Sy]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Sqweeks
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Reno Wilson
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Cogman
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Jim Carter (actor)|Jim Carter]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Canopy
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Frank Welker]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Daytrader
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Steve Buscemi]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Trench
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! „Bulldog“
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mark Ryan
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Lieutenant
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Cliffjumper]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Andrew Morgado
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Brawn (Transformerlar)|Brawn]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Kirk Baily]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ddf;&quot; |
=== Insonlar ===
|-
! [[Spike Witwicky|Sam Witwicky]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Shia LaBeouf]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Picture&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://screenrant.com/transformers-last-knight-witwiccans-shia-labeouf-cameo/|title=Transformers 5: The Witwiccans Explained|date=21-iyun 2017-yil|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! William Lennox
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Josh Duhamel]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Josh Duhamel
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Seymour Simmons
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[John Turturro]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | John Turturro
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Nick Pilla
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Robert Epps
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Tyrese Gibson]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Sparkplug (Transformers)#Transformers Cinematic Universe|Ron Witwicky]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Kevin Dunn]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Judy Witwicky
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Julie White]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Morshower
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Glenn Morshower
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Glenn Morshower
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Mikaela Banes
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Megan Fox]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Bobby Bolivia
| [[Bernie Mac]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Maggie Madsen
| [[Rachael Taylor]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Glen Whitmann
| [[Anthony Anderson]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! John Keller
| [[Jon Voight]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tom Banachek
| [[Michael O'Neill (actor)|Michael OʻNeill]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jorge Figueroa
| [[Amaury Nolasco]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Patrick Donnelly
| [[Zack Ward]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Archibald Witwicky
| [[W. Morgan Sheppard]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Miles Lancaster
| [[John Robinson (American actor)|John Robinson]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Trent DeMarco
| [[Travis Van Winkle]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Colonel Sharp
| [[Glenn Morshower]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Leo Spitz
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ramón Rodríguez (actor)|Ramón Rodríguez]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Theodore Galloway
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Benjamin Hickey]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Graham
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Matthew Marsden]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! R. A. Colan
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Rainn Wilson]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Sharsky
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Walker Howard
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Fassbinder
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Jonathan Trent
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tova Simmons
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Annie Korzen]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Carly Witwicky#Transformers Cinematic Universe|Carly Spencer]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dylan Gould
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Patrick Dempsey]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Bruce Brazos
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Malkovich]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Charlotte Mearing
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Frances McDormand]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Hardcore Eddie
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Lester Speight]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dutch
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Alan Tudyk]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jerry Wang
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ken Jeong]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dimitri
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Elya Baskin]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Alexi Voskhod
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ravil Isyanov]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Neil Armstrong]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Don Jeanes
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Cade Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mark Wahlberg]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tessa Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | [[Nicola Peltz]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Nicola Peltz&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;small&gt;Vocal Cameo&lt;/small&gt;)
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Joshua Joyce
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Stanley Tucci]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Shane Dyson&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jack Reynor]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Harold Attinger
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Kelsey Grammer]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! James Savoy
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Titus Welliver]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Darcy Tirrel
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Sophia Myles]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Su Yueming
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Li Bingbing]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Lucas Flannery
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[T. J. Miller]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Gill Wembley
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[James Bachman]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Chief of Staff
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Thomas Lennon (actor)|Thomas Lennon]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Izabella
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Isabela Moner]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Sir Edmund Burton
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Anthony Hopkins]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Viviane Wembly
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Laura Haddock]] &lt;br /&gt; Minti Gorne (young)
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Santos
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Santiago Cabrera]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jimmy
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jerrod Carmichael]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[King Arthur]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Liam Garrigan]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Merlin]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Stanley Tucci
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! TRF Group Leader
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Mitch Pileggi]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! JPL Engineer
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Tony Hale]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Chief Sherman
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Gil Birmingham]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Charlie Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Memo
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jack Burns
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Cena]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Otis Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jason Drucker]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Sally Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Pamela Adlon]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dr. Powell
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Ortiz]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tripp
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ricardo Hoyos]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tina
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Gracie Dzienny]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Ron
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Stephen Schneider (actor)|Stephen Schneider]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ddf;&quot; |

=== Boshqa Cybertronliklar ===
|-
! Dispensor
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Ejector
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Ovoz aktyori yoʻq
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Prime #1
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Michael York]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Prime #2
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Kevin Michael Richardson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Prime #3
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Robin Atkin Downes]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Lockdown&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Mark Ryan
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Shadow Raiders
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=2| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Steeljaws
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|- `
! Skullitron
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=2| Frank Welker
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Stormreign
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Talisman Knight
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| John DiMaggio
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Quintessa
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Gemma Chan]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Infernocus
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=5| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dragonicus
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Steelbane
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dragonstorm
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Unicron]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)]]</text>
      <sha1>18ndszh5fww9og8uxo9p3yw9t1lvnkt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988951</id>
      <parentid>5988935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988951</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19913" sha1="clme5qrrmwtv76xo9d459i1yes3gnhc" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}
Bu sahifada [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasidagi]] oʻynagan '''aktyorlar''' roʻyxati keltirilgan.

== Aktyorlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:102%;&quot;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | Personaj
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Film
|-
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar (film)|Transformerlar]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi|{{small|Transformerlar:}}&lt;br /&gt;Razillar qasosi]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar|{{small|Transformerlar:}}&lt;br /&gt;Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|{{small|Transformers:}}&lt;br /&gt;Age of Extinction]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar|{{small|Transformerlar:}}&lt;br /&gt;Soʻnggi ritsar]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]''
! align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;11%&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|{{small|Transformers:}}&lt;br /&gt;Rise of the Beasts]]''
|-
! 2007
! 2009
! 2011
! 2014
! 2017
! 2018
! 2023
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ddf;&quot; |

=== Autobotlar ===
|-
! [[Optimus Prime]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Peter Cullen]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Bumblebee (Transformerlar)|Bumblebee]]
| [[Mark Ryan (actor)|Mark Ryan]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Radio sounds
| [[Erik Aadahl]]
| [[Dylan O'Brien]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Ironhide]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Jess Harnell]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Photograph
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Jazz (Transformerlar)|Jazz]]
| [[Darius McCrary]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Ratchet (Transformerlar)|Ratchet]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Robert Foxworth]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Dennis Singletary
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Sideswipe (Transformerlar)|Sideswipe]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[André Sogliuzzo]]
| [[James Remar]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Jolt (Transformerlar)|Jolt]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Skids (Transformerlar)|Skids]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Tom Kenny]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Cameo
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Mudflap (Transformerlar)|Mudflap]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Reno Wilson]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Arcee]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=3| [[Grey DeLisle|Grey Griffin]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Photograph
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Grey Griffin
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Chromia (Transformerlar)|Chromia]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Elita-One]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Jetfire]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Mark Ryan
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Wheelie (Transformerlar)|Wheelie]]
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Tom Kenny
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Tom Kenny
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Brains
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Reno Wilson
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Mirage (Transformerlar)|Mirage]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Francesco Quinn]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Wheeljack]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[George Coe]]
| Photograph
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Steve Blum]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Topspin (Transformerlar)|Topspin]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| No voice actor
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Steven Barr]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Roadbuster]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Ron Bottitta]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Leadfoot (Transformerlar)|Leadfoot]]
 | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[John DiMaggio]]
| Archive footage
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Sentinel Prime]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Leonard Nimoy]]
| Head
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Hound (Transformerlar)|Hound]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/02/transformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-preview/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer Preview|last=Lovett|first=James|publisher=Comicbook.com|date=2-fevral 2014-yil|accessdate=4-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[John Goodman]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Crosshairs (Transformerlar)|Crosshairs]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | John DiMaggio
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Drift (Transformerlar)|Drift]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ken Watanabe]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Grimlock]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Slag (Transformerlar)|Slug]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Screenrant.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/transformers-4-age-extinction-ny-toy-fair-2014/|title='Transformers: Age of Extinction' Toy Images Reveal New Characters|last=Vieira|first=Anthony|publisher=Screenrant.com|date=February 15, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Strafe (Transformerlar)|Strafe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/03/tranformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-five-questions-raised/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer: Five Questions Raised|last=Lovett|first=Jamie|publisher=Comicbook.com|date=3-fevral 2014-yil|accessdate=15-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Scorn&lt;ref name=&quot;Screenrant.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Rodimus|Hot Rod]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Omar Sy]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Sqweeks
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| Reno Wilson
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Cogman
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Jim Carter (actor)|Jim Carter]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Canopy
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Frank Welker]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Daytrader
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| [[Steve Buscemi]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Trench
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! „Bulldog“
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mark Ryan
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! Lieutenant
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; |
|-
! [[Cliffjumper]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Andrew Morgado
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Brawn (Transformerlar)|Brawn]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Kirk Baily]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ddf;&quot; |
=== Insonlar ===
|-
! [[Spike Witwicky|Sam Witwicky]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Shia LaBeouf]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Picture&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://screenrant.com/transformers-last-knight-witwiccans-shia-labeouf-cameo/|title=Transformers 5: The Witwiccans Explained|date=21-iyun 2017-yil|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! William Lennox
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Josh Duhamel]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Josh Duhamel
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Seymour Simmons
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[John Turturro]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | John Turturro
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Nick Pilla
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Robert Epps
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Tyrese Gibson]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Sparkplug (Transformers)#Transformers Cinematic Universe|Ron Witwicky]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Kevin Dunn]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Judy Witwicky
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Julie White]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Morshower
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Glenn Morshower
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Glenn Morshower
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Mikaela Banes
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Megan Fox]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Bobby Bolivia
| [[Bernie Mac]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Maggie Madsen
| [[Rachael Taylor]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Glen Whitmann
| [[Anthony Anderson]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! John Keller
| [[Jon Voight]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tom Banachek
| [[Michael O'Neill (actor)|Michael OʻNeill]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jorge Figueroa
| [[Amaury Nolasco]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Patrick Donnelly
| [[Zack Ward]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Archibald Witwicky
| [[W. Morgan Sheppard]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Miles Lancaster
| [[John Robinson (American actor)|John Robinson]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Trent DeMarco
| [[Travis Van Winkle]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Colonel Sharp
| [[Glenn Morshower]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Leo Spitz
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ramón Rodríguez (actor)|Ramón Rodríguez]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Theodore Galloway
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Benjamin Hickey]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Graham
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Matthew Marsden]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! R. A. Colan
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Rainn Wilson]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Sharsky
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Walker Howard
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Fassbinder
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Jonathan Trent
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tova Simmons
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Annie Korzen]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Carly Witwicky#Transformers Cinematic Universe|Carly Spencer]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dylan Gould
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Patrick Dempsey]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Bruce Brazos
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Malkovich]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Charlotte Mearing
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Frances McDormand]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Hardcore Eddie
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Lester Speight]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dutch
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Alan Tudyk]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jerry Wang
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ken Jeong]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dimitri
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Elya Baskin]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Alexi Voskhod
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ravil Isyanov]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Neil Armstrong]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Don Jeanes
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Cade Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mark Wahlberg]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tessa Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | [[Nicola Peltz]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | Nicola Peltz&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;small&gt;Vocal Cameo&lt;/small&gt;)
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Joshua Joyce
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Stanley Tucci]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Shane Dyson&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jack Reynor]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Harold Attinger
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Kelsey Grammer]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! James Savoy
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Titus Welliver]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Darcy Tirrel
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Sophia Myles]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Su Yueming
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Li Bingbing]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Lucas Flannery
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[T. J. Miller]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Gill Wembley
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[James Bachman]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Chief of Staff
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Thomas Lennon (actor)|Thomas Lennon]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Izabella
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Isabela Moner]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Sir Edmund Burton
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Anthony Hopkins]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Viviane Wembly
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Laura Haddock]] &lt;br /&gt; Minti Gorne (young)
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Santos
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Santiago Cabrera]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jimmy
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jerrod Carmichael]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[King Arthur]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Liam Garrigan]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Merlin]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Stanley Tucci
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! TRF Group Leader
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Mitch Pileggi]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! JPL Engineer
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Tony Hale]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Chief Sherman
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Gil Birmingham]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Charlie Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Memo
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Jack Burns
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Cena]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Otis Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Jason Drucker]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Sally Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Pamela Adlon]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dr. Powell
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[John Ortiz]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tripp
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Ricardo Hoyos]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Tina
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Gracie Dzienny]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Ron
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Stephen Schneider (actor)|Stephen Schneider]]
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#ddf;&quot; |

=== Boshqa Cybertronliklar ===
|-
! Dispensor
| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Ejector
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Ovoz aktyori yoʻq
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Prime #1
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Michael York]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Prime #2
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Kevin Michael Richardson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Prime #3
| style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Robin Atkin Downes]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Lockdown&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| Mark Ryan
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Shadow Raiders
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=2| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Steeljaws
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|- `
! Skullitron
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=2| Frank Welker
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Stormreign
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Talisman Knight
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| John DiMaggio
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Quintessa
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| [[Gemma Chan]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Infernocus
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=5| No voice actor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dragonicus
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Steelbane
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! Dragonstorm
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
! [[Unicron]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightgrey;&quot; | &amp;nbsp;
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988958</id>
      <parentid>5988951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:50:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
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      <text bytes="10949" sha1="1nffhnjizh1llrbdkm7in0gmhny5taz" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:„''Transformers''“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati}}
[[Fayl:Logo of Transformers.png|thumb|right|„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi logotipi]]
Ushbu sahifada [[Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)|„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi]] personajlari roʻyxati keltirilgan.

== Personajlar ==
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; | class=&quot;wikitable collapsible&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; width:99%;&quot;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:13%;&quot;| Personaj
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:11%;&quot;| „[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]“
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:13%;&quot;| „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:11%;&quot;| „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon|Dark of the Moon]]“
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:11%;&quot;| „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|Age of Extinction]]“
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:11%;&quot;| „[[Transformers: The Last Knight|The Last Knight]]“
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:11%;&quot;| „[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]
! style=&quot;text-align:center; width:11%;&quot;| „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|Rise of the Beasts]]“
|-
! 2007 !! 2009 !! 2011 !! 2014 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2023
|-
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot;|
[[Avtobotlar]]
|-
! [[Optimus Prime|Optimus Prime/Nemesis Prime]]
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[Peter Cullen]]
|-
! [[Bumblebee (Transformers)|Bumblebee]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Mark Ryan]]
| [[Ben Schwartz]]
| [[Erik Aadahl]]
| [[Dylan O'Brien]]
| {{N/A|''Radio sounds''}}
|-
! [[Jazz (Transformers)|Jazz]]
| [[Darius McCrary]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Ironhide
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Jess Harnell]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Ratchet
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Robert Foxworth]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| Dennis Singletary
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Sideswipe]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[André Sogliuzzo]]
| [[James Remar]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Wheelie
| {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Tom Kenny]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| Tom Kenny
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Skids
| {{cEmpty}}
| Tom Kenny
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{N/A|''Epizodik rolda''}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Mudflap
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Reno Wilson]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Jetfire]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Mark Ryan]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Elita-One
| {{cEmpty}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Grey DeLisle]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Chromia
| {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Arcee|Arcee]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| {{cEmpty}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| {{cEmpty}}
| Grey DeLisle
| [[Liza Koshy]]
|-
! Que/Wheeljack
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[George Coe]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Steve Blum]]
| [[Cristo Fernández]]
|-
! Dino/Mirage
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Francesco Quinn]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Pete Davidson]]
|-
! [[Sentinel Prime]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Leonard Nimoy]]
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Brains
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Reno Wilson
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Topspin
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Steven Barr]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Leadfoot
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[John DiMaggio]]
| {{N/A|''Arxiv kadri''}}
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Roadbuster
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| Ron Bottitta
| {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Hound&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://comicbook.com/blog/2014/02/02/transformers-age-of-extinction-super-bowl-trailer-preview/|title=Transformers: Age of Extinction Super Bowl Trailer Preview|last=Lovett|first=James|publisher=Comicbook.com|date=2-fevral 2014-yil|accessdate=4-fevral 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[John Goodman]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Crosshairs&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | John DiMaggio
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Drift&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ken Watanabe]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Hot Rod
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Omar Sy]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Cogman
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Jim Carter]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Cliffjumper|Cliffjumper]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| Andrew Morgado
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Brawn
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Kirk Baily]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Stratosphere
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| John DiMaggio
|-
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot;|
[[Deseptikonlar]]
|-
! [[Megatron|Megatron]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Hugo Weaving]]
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| [[Frank Welker]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Starscream|Starscream]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Charlie Adler]]
| {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Barricade
| Jess Harnell
| {{cEmpty}}
| Frank Welker
| {{N/A|''Arxiv kadri''}}
| Jess Harnell
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Frenzy
| Reno Wilson
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! The Fallen&lt;br&gt;{{small|Megatronus}}
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Tony Todd]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Shockwave
| {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Frank Welker
| {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jon Bailey]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Soundwave]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Frank Welker
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Ravage
| {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''—''}}
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Demolishor
| {{cEmpty}}
| Calvin Wimmer
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Laserbeak
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Keith Szarabajka]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Igor
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Greg Berg]]
| {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Megatron|Galvatron]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| Frank Welker
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Nitro Zeus
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| John DiMaggio
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Mohawk
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| Reno Wilson
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Shatter
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Angela Bassett]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Dropkick
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Justin Theroux]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Blitzwing
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[David Sobolov]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot;|
Boshqa [[kibertron]]liklar
|-
! Lockdown&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Mark Ryan]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Grimlock]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{N/A|''—''}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{N/A|''Epizodik rolda''}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Slug&lt;ref name=&quot;Screenrant.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/transformers-4-age-extinction-ny-toy-fair-2014/|title='Transformers: Age of Extinction' Toy Images Reveal New Characters|last=Vieira|first=Anthony|publisher=Screenrant.com|date=February 15, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Quintessa
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Gemma Chan]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! [[Unicron]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''Dialogda tilga olingan''}}
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Colman Domingo]]
|-
! Scourge
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Peter Dinklage]]
|-
! Nighbird
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Michaela Jaé Rodriguez]]
|-
! Battletrap
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | David Sobolov
|-
! Apelinq
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Optimus Primal
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Ron Perlman]]
|-
! Airazor
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Michelle Yeoh]]
|-
! Cheetor
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Tongayi Chirisa]]
|-
! Rhinox
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''—''}}
|-
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot;|
[[Inson]]lar
|-
! Seymour Simmons
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[John Turturro]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| John Turturro
| Nick Pilla
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Sam Witwicky
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Shia LaBeouf]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| {{N/A|''Fotosurat''}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://screenrant.com/transformers-last-knight-witwiccans-shia-labeouf-cameo/|title=Transformers 5: The Witwiccans Explained|date=21-iyun 2017-yil|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! William Lennox
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Josh Duhamel]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| Josh Duhamel
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Colonel Sharp&lt;hr&gt;General Morshower
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Glenn Morshower]]
| {{cEmpty}}
| Glenn Morshower
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Robert Epps
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Tyrese Gibson]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Ron Witwicky
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Kevin Dunn]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Judy Witwicky
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Julie White]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Mikaela Banes
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Megan Fox]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Glen Whitman
| [[Anthony Anderson]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Maggie Madsen
| [[Rachael Taylor]]
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Leo Spitz
| {{cEmpty}}
| [[Ramón Rodríguez]]
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Carly Spencer
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Rosie Huntington-Whiteley]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Dylan Gould
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Patrick Dempsey]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Bruce Brazos
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[John Malkovich]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Charlotte Mearing
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Frances McDormand]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Dutch Gerhardt
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Alan Tudyk]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Jerry Wang
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Ken Jeong]]
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Cade Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Mark Wahlberg]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Tessa Yeager&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; | [[Nicola Peltz]]
| {{N/A|Nicola Peltz}} {{small|(ovoz)}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Shane Dyson&lt;ref name=&quot;Comicbook.com&quot; /&gt;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Jack Reynor]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Joshua Joyce
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Stanley Tucci]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Harrold Attinger
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Kelsey Grammer]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! James Savoy
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Titus Welliver]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Darcy Tirrel
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Sophia Myles]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Su Yueming
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Li Bingbing]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
| Lucas Flannery
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[T.J. Miller]]
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Izabella
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Isabela Merced]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Viviane Wembly
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Laura Haddock]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Edmund Burton
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Anthony Hopkins]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Jimmy
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Jerrod Carmichael]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Charlie Watson
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Hailee Steinfeld]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Memo
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Jorge Lendeborg Jr.]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Jack Burns
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[John Cena]]
| {{cEmpty}}
|-
! Noah Diaz
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Anthony Ramos]]
|-
! Elena Wallace
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Dominique Fishback]]
|-
! Reek
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; {{cEmpty}}
| [[Tobe Nwigwe]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddf;&quot; |
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Transformers (kinofranshiza)}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)|*Personajlar]]</text>
      <sha1>1nffhnjizh1llrbdkm7in0gmhny5taz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bad Boys for Life</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>690740</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>5980559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:45:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
      <origin>5988838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8182" sha1="563hi9qitzj349fy9slwi4d8xf2f4qr" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Bad Boys for Life
| tasvir               = Bad Boys for Life poster.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = [[Adil El Arbi va Bilall Fallah|{{ubl|Adil El Arbi|Bilall Fallah}}]]
| prodyuser            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]
* [[Will Smith]]
* [[Doug Belgrad]]
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{plainlist|
* Chris Bremner
* [[Peter Craig]]
* [[Joe Carnahan]]
}}
| hikoya               = {{plainlist|
* Peter Craig
* Joe Carnahan
}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|
* [[Will Smith]]
* [[Martin Lawrence]]
* [[Vanessa Hudgens]]
* [[Alexander Ludwig]]
* [[Paola Núñez]] 
* [[Charles Melton]]
* [[Kate del Castillo]]
* [[Nicky Jam]]
* [[Joe Pantoliano]]
}}
| operator             = Robrecht Heyvaert
| montajyor            = {{plainlist |
* Dan Lebental
* Peter McNulty
}}
| bastakor             = [[Lorne Balfe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Lorne Balfe to Score 'Bad Boys for Life' |url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2019/07/23/lorne-balfe-to-score-bad-boys-for-life/ |website=Film Music Reporter |accessdate=23-iyul 2019-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723215204/http://filmmusicreporter.com/2019/07/23/lorne-balfe-to-score-bad-boys-for-life/ |archive-date=23-iyul 2019-yil |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Columbia Pictures]]
* 2.0 Entertainment
*[[Don Simpson]]/Jerry Bruckheimer Films
* [[Overbrook Entertainment]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi
 |url=https://deadline.com/2018/09/sony-overbrook-entertainment-12-oclock-boys-film-1202463691/ |title=Sony &amp; Overbrook Entertainment Team On Film About Dirt-Bike Riders |access-date=22-may 2019-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509124227/https://deadline.com/2018/09/sony-overbrook-entertainment-12-oclock-boys-film-1202463691/ |archive-date=9-may 2019-yil |url-status=live |work=deadline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| distribyutor         = [[Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2020|01|17|AQSH}}
| davomiylik           = 124 daqiqa&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/bad-boys-life-film-0|title=Bad Boys for Life (15)|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=14-yanvar 2020-yil|accessdate=15-yanvar 2020-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115155724/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/bad-boys-life-film-0|archive-date=15-yanvar 2020-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| mamlakat             = {{AQSH}}&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title= Bad Boys for Life (2020) |url= https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5ddbd53927c08 |website= British Film Institute |access-date= 18-yanvar 2020-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;/&gt;
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $90 million&lt;ref name=BOM/&gt;
| daromad              = $426,5 million&lt;ref name=&quot;NUM&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi
|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bad-Boys-For-Life-(Bad-Boys-3)-(2020)#tab=summary|title=Bad Boys for Life (2020)|website=[[The Numbers]]|accessdate=24-yanvar 2020-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230202109/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bad-Boys-For-Life-(Bad-Boys-3)-(2020)#tab=summary|archive-date=30-dekabr 2019-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi
 |url= https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1182631425/?ref_=bo_da_table_1 |title=Bad Boys for Life (2020) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |accessdate=24-yanvar 2020-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| avvalgi_film         = „[[Bad Boys II]]“ (2003)
| keyingi_film         = „[[Bad Boys: Ride or Die]]“ (2024)
}}

„'''Bad Boys for Life'''“ — [[Adil El Arbi va Bilall Fallah]] ishlagan [[jangari film|jangari]] [[kinokomediya]]. „[[Bad Boys II]]“ (2003) filmining [[Sikvel|davomi]]. [[2020-yil kinoda|2020-yilda]] ekranlarga chiqqan. Bosh rollarni [[Will Smith]], [[Martin Lawrence]], [[Vanessa Hudgens]], [[Alexander Ludwig]], [[Paola Núñez]], [[Charles Melton]], [[Kate del Castillo]], [[Nicky Jam]], [[Joe Pantoliano]] va boshqalar ijro etgan.

Film AQSHda prokatga 2020-yil 17-yanvarda chiqarilgan. Kinotanqidchilar tomonidan yaxshi kutib olingan. Jahon prokatida 426,5 million [[AQSH dollari]] ishlab topib, [[2020-yil kinoda#Eng kassabop filmlar|shu yining eng kassabop filmlari]] qatoridan oʻrin olgan.

== Rollarda ==
* [[Will Smith]] — ''detektiv Michael Eugene (Mike) Lowrey'' ({{talaffuz|Maykl Yujin (Mayk) Louri}})
* [[Martin Lawrence]] — ''detektiv Marcus Miles Burnett'' ({{talaffuz|Markus Maylz Byornett}})
* [[Vanessa Hudgens]] — ''Kelly''&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi
|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/film/bad-boys-life-trailer-reveals-20816984|sarlavha=Bad Boys for Life trailer reveals action-packed scenes for Will Smith sequel|familiya=Knight|ism=Lewis|sana=5-noyabr 2019-yil|vebsayt=mirror|qaralgan sana=13-noyabr 2019-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113171551/https://www.mirror.co.uk/film/bad-boys-life-trailer-reveals-20816984|arxiv-sana=13-noyabr 2019-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Alexander Ludwig]] — ''Dorn''
* [[Charles Melton]] — ''Rafe'' ({{talaffuz|Reyf}})
* [[Paola Núñez]] — ''Rita''
* [[Kate del Castillo]] — ''Isabel Aretas'' ({{talaffuz|Izabel Aretas}})
* [[Nicky Jam]] — ''Zway-Lo''&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi
 |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/bad-boys-sequel-nicky-jam-1203111208/ |sarlavha=Reggaeton Star Nicky Jam Joins 'Bad Boys' Sequel (EXCLUSIVE) |familiya=Kroll |ism=Justin |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |sana=18-yanvar 2019-yil |vebsayt=Variety |til=inglizcha|kirish sanasi=23-mart 2019-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174400/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/bad-boys-sequel-nicky-jam-1203111208/|arxiv-sana=19-yanvar 2019-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Joe Pantoliano]] — ''kapitan Conrad Howard'' ({{talaffuz|Konrad Hovard}})
* [[Theresa Randle]] — ''Theresa Burnett''&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1054885-theresa-randle-will-return-as-marcus-wife-in-bad-boys-for-life |sarlavha=Theresa Randle Will Return as Marcus' Wife in Bad Boys for Life |ism=Max |familiya=Evry |vebsayt=Comingsoon.net |sana=30-mart 2019-yil |kirish sanasi=26-aprel 2019-yil |arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405115510/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1054885-theresa-randle-will-return-as-marcus-wife-in-bad-boys-for-life |arxiv-sana=5-aprel 2019-yil |url-status=live |qaralgan sana=2020-01-25 |arxivsana=2019-04-05 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405115510/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1054885-theresa-randle-will-return-as-marcus-wife-in-bad-boys-for-life }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Jacob Scipio]] — ''Armando Armas''
* [[Massi Furlan]] — ''Lee Taglin'' ({{talaffuz|Li Taglin}})
* Dennis Greene — ''Reggie''
* Bianca Bethune — ''Megan Burnett''
* [[Michael Bay]] — ''Wedding MC''
* [[DJ Khaled]]&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi
 |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/dj-khaled-bad-boys-sequel-1203108932/ |sarlavha=DJ Khaled Joins 'Bad Boys' Sequel (EXCLUSIVE) |familiya=Kroll |ism=Justin |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |sana=15-yanvar 2019-yil |vebsayt=Variety |til=inglizcha|kirish sanasi=23-mart 2019-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116095949/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/dj-khaled-bad-boys-sequel-1203108932/|arxiv-sana=16-yanvar 2019-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; — ''qassob Manny''&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi
 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKO56PoO1XQ |sarlavha=BAD BOYS HAS BEGUN |sana=21-mart 2019-yil |vebsayt=YouTube |til=inglizcha|kirish sanasi=25-mart 2019-yil|arxiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325204331/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKO56PoO1XQ|arxiv-sana=25-mart 2019-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://www.badboysforlife.movie/ Rasmiy sayti] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118214644/https://www.badboysforlife.movie/ |date=18-yanvar 2020-yil }} {{ref-en}}
* {{IMDbda film|1502397}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|bad_boys_for_life}}

{{film-stub}}

[[Turkum:2020-yil filmlari]]
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[[Turkum:Columbia Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Sony Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:Intiqom haqidagi filmlar]]</text>
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    <title>Qozon konservatoriyasi</title>
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      <text bytes="3465" sha1="ld5ztkly3965m6gh3t83tsvgvytbtir" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi
 |nomi                 = Нәҗип Җиһанов исемендәге Казан дәүләт консерваториясе 
 |qisqartma            = 
 |ramz                 = 
 |tasvir               = Nobility house, Kazan (2022-07-15) 10.jpg
 |original             = 
 |xalqaronom           =
 |shior                =
 |asos_yil             = [[1945-yil]]
 |turi                 = akademiya
 |tipi                 = &lt;!-- tibbiyot/mashinasozlik (kichik harflar bilan) [[]] teglarisiz kiritilishi kerak. --&gt;
 |sohasi               = &lt;!-- stomatologiya/shunga oʻxshash (kichik harflar bilan) [[]] teglarisiz kiritilishi kerak. --&gt;
 |prezident            = 
 |rektor               =  Rubin Kabir oʻgʻli Abdullin
 |talabalar            = 700 ta
 |fakultet             = &lt;!-- kiritilgan maʼlumotdan keyin „ta“ qoʻshiladi. --&gt;
 |bakalavriat          = 
 |magistratura         = 
 |aspirantura          =
 |doktorantura         =
 |akademik             = &lt;!-- kiritilgan maʼlumotdan keyin „ta“ qoʻshiladi. --&gt;
 |doktor               = 11 ta
 |professor            = 34 ta
 |oʻqituvchi           = 205 ta
 |kampus               =
 |manzil               = &lt;!-- Bu parametr yoki quyidagi uch parametr taʼlim muassasi manzilini kiritish uchun. --&gt;
 |Davlat nomi          = Rossiya, Tatariston
 |Shahar nomi          = Qozon
 |koʻchasi             = Zur Kizil Uram, 38
 |vebsayt              = http://www.kazancons.ru/
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'''N.G.Jiganova nomidagi Qozon konservatoriyasi'''— [[Qozon]] shahridagi oliy musiqa bilim yurti. [[Jiganov Nozib Gayazovich]] sharafiga nomlangan. [[Rossiya]] va dunyoning yetakchi musiqa universitetlaridan biri. 
== Tarixi ==
[[1945-yil]] konservatoriyaga asos solingan. Qozon davlat konservatoriyasi Oʻrta Volga va Ural mintaqalari: Tatariston, Boshqirdiston, Chuvashiya, Udmurtiya, Mordoviya, Mari El respublikalari uchun yuqori malakali musiqachilar (oʻqituvchilar, ijrochilar, bastakorlar, musiqashunoslar) uchun oʻquv markazi sifatida tashkil etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://moyakazan.narod.ru/abitura10.html|title=НЕОФИЦИАЛЬНЫЙ САЙТ КАЗАНИ.|publisher=moyakazan.narod.ru|accessdate=2019-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning birinchi rektori tatar madaniyatining taniqli arbobi, bastakor [[Nozib Jiganov]] (1911-1988) edi. Qozon bastakorlar maktabi professorlar G. Litinskiy, A. Leman, N. Jiganov rahbarligida tashkil etilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;kazan1000.ru&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.kazan1000.ru/rus/conservatory/kazan.htm|title=Казанская государственная консерватория|website=1000-летие Казани|deadlink=yes|accessdate=2019-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009001101/http://www.kazan1000.ru/rus/conservatory/kazan.htm|archivedate=2007-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[1990-yil]]da konservatoriya nashr etish huquqini oldi va ilmiy, oʻquv va musiqiy nashrlarni chiqara boshladi; [[1993-yil]]da universitetda opera studiyasi ochildi&lt;ref name=&quot;kazan1000.ru&quot;/&gt;. Konservatoriyada muntazam ravishda musiqachilarning turli tanlovlari oʻtkaziladi. Taʼlim dasturlari 8 fakultet va 20 kafedrada amalga oshiriladi. Qozon konservatoriyasida aspirantura (3 yillik oʻqish) va assistent — mutaxassisliklarni bajarish amaliyoti (2 yil oʻqish) mavjud. Qozon konservatoriyasi binolaridan birida, shuningdek, N. G. Jiganov nomli oʻrta maxsus musiqa maktabi mavjud.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Rossiyadagi universitetlar]]


{{University-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mark Wahlberg</title>
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      <text bytes="2510" sha1="nmc32edmnhln4cj580zjym50ldhc8jd" xml:space="preserve">{{Aktyor bilgiqutisi
| ismi             =  Mark Wahlberg
| tasvir           = Mark Wahlberg Max Payne 2008.jpg
| eni              = 
| imzo             = 
| sarlavha         = Wahlberg 2008-yilda
| tugʻilgan_paytidagi_ismi = {{nowrap|Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg}}
| tavalludi_sanasi ={{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1971|6|5|mf=y}}
| tavallud_joyi =[[Boston, Massachusetts]],{{AQSh}}
| vafot_sanasi =
| vafot_joyi =
| fuqaroligi ={{AQSh}}
| kasbi = aktyor, prodyuser, restavrator, sobiq reper.
| faoliyat_yillari = 1989-yildan
| bolalari = 4
| sovrinlar =
| imdb_id =0000242
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'''Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg''' ([[1971]]-yil 5-iyun kuni tugʻilgan) — [[Amerikaliklar|amerikalik]] [[aktyor]], [[prodyuser]], restavrator va sobiq reper. Ikki karra [[Oscar]] va Ikki karra [[Oltin globus]] mukofotlari nomzodi. [[Uygʻonish davri odami]] (1994), [[Maymunlar sayyorasi: Qoʻzgʻolon|Maymunlar sayyorasi]] (2001), [[Murtadlar]] (2006), [[Transformers: Age of Extinction]] (2014) va [[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi Ritsar]] (2017) kabi koʻplab filmlarda rollar ijro etgan&lt;ref name=biography.com&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.biography.com/people/mark-wahlberg-9542335 |title=Mark Wahlberg Biography: Film Actor, Rapper (1971–) |publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV network)|FYI]] / [[A&amp;E Networks]]) |accessdate=14-avgust 2010-yil| archivedate=2-oktabr 2015-yil| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002105429/http://www.biography.com/people/mark-wahlberg-9542335 | url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/mark-wahlberg-on-his-mom-shes-not-speaking-to-me-right-now-2013512|title=Mark Wahlberg: 'My Mom's Not Speaking to Me Right Now'|work=[[Us Weekly]]|first=Stephanie|last=Webber|date=5-dekabr 2013-yil|access-date=26-dekabr 2015-yil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227095217/http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/mark-wahlberg-on-his-mom-shes-not-speaking-to-me-right-now-2013512|archive-date=27-dekabr 2015-yil|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{IMDbda kishi}}
{{Commons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wahlberg, Mark}}
[[Turkum:Amerikalik erkak modellar]]
[[Turkum:Amerikalik erkak aktyorlar]]
[[Turkum:Amerikalik erkak televideniye aktyorlari]]
[[Turkum:Amerikalik erkak qoʻshiqchilar]]
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]
[[Turkum:Amerikalik erkak reperlar]]
[[Turkum:Amerikalik kinoprodyuserlar]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻshiqlari Billboard Hot 100 xit-paradida eng yuqori pogʻonaga koʻtarilgan ijrochilar]]</text>
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    <title>Jamshid Xoʻjayev</title>
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      <text bytes="14043" sha1="5v89uy7xzpb8jt2omr6bh8hoa3y0t30" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi
|ismi=Jamshid Xo'jayev
|tasvir=[[File:Jamshid Khodjaev.jpg|230px]]
|lavozimi=Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi tashqi savdo vaziri 
|oʻtmishdoshi=[[Sardor Umrzoqov]]
|boshlanish davri= [[2022-yil]] [[16-iyul]]dan
|premyer=[[Abdulla Oripov (siyosatchi)]] 
|prezident=[[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]
|boshlanish davri_2=[[2017-yil]] [[1-noyabr]]dan
|tugash davri_2=[[2019-yil]] [[28-yanvar]]gacha
|premyer_2=[[Abdulla Oripov (siyosatchi)]] 
|prezident_2=[[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]
|oʻtmishdoshi_2=[[Elyor Gʻaniyev]]
|vorisi_2=[[Sardor Umrzoqov]]
|lavozimi_3=[[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qishloq va suv xoʻjaligi vazirligi|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qishloq xoʻjaligi vaziri]] 
|oʻtmishdoshi_3=[[Bahodir Yusupov]]
|vorisi_3=[[Aziz Voitov]]
|boshlanish davri_3= [[2019-yil]] [[28-yanvar]]dan
|tugash davri_3=[[2022-yil]] [[16-iyul]]gacha
|premyer_3=[[Abdulla Oripov (siyosatchi)]] 
|prezident_3=[[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]
|lavozimi_4 = [[Oʻzbekiston Bosh vaziri]]ning oʻrinbosari
|boshlanish davri_4 = [[2022-yil]] [[16-iyul]]&lt;ref name=&quot;kun.uz&quot;&gt;https://kun.uz/uz/news/2022/07/16/jamshid-xojayev-tashqi-savdo-vaziri-lavozimiga-qaytdi&lt;/ref&gt;
|tugash davri_4=
|prezident_4 = [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]
|premyer_4 = [[Abdulla Oripov (siyosatchi)]]
|bayroq = Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq_3 = Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq_4 = Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq_5 = Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq_6 = Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq2=Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq2_3=Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq2_4=Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq2_5=Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg
|bayroq2_6=Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg
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|tavallud joyi={{TavalludJoyi|Qoʻqon}}, [[Fargʻona viloyati]], [[OʻzSSR]]
|maʼlumoti = [[Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti]]&lt;br /&gt;Birmingem universiteti
|mukofotlari ={{Mehnat shuhrati ordeni}}
}}
''Ushbu maqola iqtisodchi haqida. Pedagog haqida [[Jamshid Xoʻjayev (pedagog)]] maqolasiga qarang.''

'''Jamshid Abduxakimovich Xodjayev''' (1979-yil, [[Fargʻona viloyati]],Qo‘qon shahrida tug‘ilgan) – oʻzbek moliyachisi va davlat arbobi. 2022-yil 30-dekabrdan buyon '''O‘zbekiston Respublikasi investitsiyalar va tashqi iqtisodiy aloqalar masalalari bo‘yicha Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritadi.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |til=ru |url=https://miit.uz/ru/news/xodjayev-jamshid-abduhakimovich-ozbekiston-respublikasi-bosh-vazirining-investitsiyalar-tashqi-iqtisodiy-aloqalar-va-turizm-masalalari-boyicha-orinbosari-etib-tayinlandi |sarlavha=Жамшид Ходжаев одобрен на должность вице-премьера |muallif=miit.uz |ish=miit.uz |sana=30.12.2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |til=Русский |url=https://mift.uz/ru/news/zhamshid-hodzhaev-vozglavil-ministerstvo-investitsij-i-vneshnej-torgovli17072022 |sarlavha=Жамшид Ходжаев возглавил Министерство инвестиций и внешней торговли |muallif=Министерство инвестиций и внешней торговли Республики Узбекистан |ish=Министерство инвестиций и внешней торговли Республики Узбекистан |sana=17.07.2022 |nashriyot=https://mift.uz/ru |qaralgan sana=2023-06-11 |arxivsana=2022-07-17 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717120340/https://mift.uz/ru/news/zhamshid-hodzhaev-vozglavil-ministerstvo-investitsij-i-vneshnej-torgovli17072022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2024-yilda u “Mehnat shuhrati” ordeni bilan taqdirlangan.

== Biografiyasi ==
Jamshid Xoʻjayev 1979-yilda [[Fargʻona viloyati]] [[Qoʻqon]] shahrida tavallud topgan.

== Taʼlimi ==
2000-yilda [[Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti|Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universitetini]] tamomlagan. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti tashabbusi bilan iqtidorli talabalar uchun tashkil etilgan [[Umid jamgʻarmasi|&quot;Umid&quot; jamgʻarmasi]] stipendiyasi sohibi. 2002-yilda [[Yevropa]] davlat boshqaruvi institutini (EIPA) tamomlagan, shundan soʻng 2003-yilda [[Birmingem]] universitetida ([[Birlashgan Qirollik|Buyuk Britaniya]]) xalqaro iqtisodiy munosabatlar, davlat boshqaruvi boʻyicha magistrlik darajasini olgan. Ixtisosligi – xalqaro iqtisodiy munosabatlar, davlat boshqaruvi

Commerzbank ([[Germaniya]]), [[Xalqaro valyuta jamgʻarmasi|IMF]] ([[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|AQSh]]), Standard Bank ([[Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi|Janubiy Afrika]]), [[JPMorgan Chase]] (AQSh), Bank of Russia (RF), Natixis ([[Fransiya]]), KB Kookmin, ([[Janubiy Koreya]]), [[DBS Bank Limited|DBS]] ([[Singapur]]), Credit Suisse ([[Shveysariya]]) va boshqa koʻplab tashkilotlarning bir qator xorijiy treninglari va malaka oshirish kurslarini tamomlagan.

== Mehnat faoliyati ==
2000-yildan O‘zbekiston bank tizimida ishlagan. Turli yillarda &quot;O‘zprivatbank,&quot; Markaziy bank, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyat milliy bankida faoliyat yuritgan. 2017-yilda Tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyat milliy banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi o‘rinbosari bo‘lgan (manbalar: UzReport, CA Trade Forum). [https://uzreport.news/politics/jamshid-khodjaev-appointed-minister-of-investments-and-foreign-trade] 

2017-yil avgust oyida – Hisob palatasi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari – [[Davlat byudjeti]] tushumlarining toʻliqligini nazorat qilish inspeksiyasi boshligʻi lavozimida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |til=ru |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2019/01/28/agro/ |sarlavha=Жамшид Ходжаев возглавил Министерство сельского хозяйства |ish=Газета.uz |sana=2019-01-28 |qaralgan sana=2021-03-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tashqi savdo vaziri ==
2017-yil 29-noyabrda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi tashqi savdo vaziri tomonidan tasdiqlangan.[https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2026/01/31/compliance/]

== Qishloq xo‘jaligi vaziri ==
2019-yil 28-yanvar kuni O‘zbekiston prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoyev Jamshid Xodjayevni O‘zbekiston qishloq xo‘jaligi vaziri etib tayinladi. Xodjayev rahbarligida, mahalliy va xorijiy ekspertlar ishtirokida hamda xalqaro tashkilotlar ko‘magida “O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qishloq xo‘jaligini rivojlantirishning 2020–2030-yillarga mo‘ljallangan strategiyasi” ishlab chiqildi va keyinchalik O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining Farmoni bilan tasdiqlandi.[https://lex.uz/doc-passport/-4567334]

Qishloq xo‘jaligi vazirligidagi faoliyati davomida O‘zbekiston nomidan xalqaro tarmoq platformalarida ishtirok etdi. 2020-yilda FAOning Yevropa bo‘yicha mintaqaviy konferensiyasining 32-sessiyasi raisi etib, 2020-yil dekabr oyida esa Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdo‘stligining agrosanoat majmuasi masalalari bo‘yicha hukumatlararo kengashi (MDH ASM) raisi etib saylandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |til=ru |url=https://tcicc.uz/32-ya-sessiya-regionalnoj-konferenczii-fao-po-evrope-2-4-noyabrya-2020-g |sarlavha=32-я сессия Региональной конференции ФАО по Европе 2-4 ноября 2020 г. |ish=Tashkent city - Congress centre |qaralgan sana=2023-06-11 |arxivsana=2021-04-28 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428132721/https://tcicc.uz/32-ya-sessiya-regionalnoj-konferenczii-fao-po-evrope-2-4-noyabrya-2020-g/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=UzDaily |date=16/05/2022 |title=Европа и Центральная Азия обязуются обеспечить продовольственную безопасность, устойчивость и инклюзивность агропродовольственных систем |work=UzDaily |url=https://uzdaily.uz/ru/post/68951}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

J. Xodjayev qishloq xo‘jaligi vaziri lavozimida ishlagan yillarda Toshkent shahrida Buyuk Britaniyaning Qirollik qishloq xo‘jaligi universiteti (Royal Agricultural University) bilan hamkorlikda Xalqaro qishloq xo‘jaligi universiteti tashkil etilib, o‘z faoliyatini boshladi. Universitet vazirlik tashabbusi bilan hamda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2022-yil 7-maydagi PQ-237-sonli qarori asosida tashkil etilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=газета.uz |date=11 сентября 2021, 18:15 |title=Жамшид Ходжаев стал врио ректора Аграрного университета |work=газета.uz |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/09/11/agrar-university}}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2022/05/08/university/] [https://lex.uz/docs/-5996837]

== Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari – investitsiyalar va tashqi savdo vaziri ==
2022-yil 16-iyul kuni Qonunchilik palatasi deputatlari uning nomzodini O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Bosh vazirining investitsiyalar va tashqi iqtisodiy aloqalar masalalari bo‘yicha o‘rinbosari — investitsiyalar va tashqi savdo vaziri lavozimiga ma’qullagan. [https://uzreport.news/society/jamshid-xojayev-investitsiyalar-va-tashqi-savdo-vazirligiga-rahbar-etib-tayinlandi]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://uzreport.news/society/jamshid-xojayev-investitsiyalar-va-tashqi-savdo-vazirligiga-rahbar-etib-tayinlandi |sarlavha=Jamshid Xo'jayev Investitsiyalar va tashqi savdo vazirligiga rahbar etib tayinlandi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2022-yilning dekabr oyi oxirida Xodjayev Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari lavozimini saqlab qolgan holda investitsiyalar va tashqi savdo vaziri lavozimidan ketgan. [https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2022/12/30/khodjaev-kudratov/]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2022/12/30/khodjaev-kudratov/ |sarlavha=Лазиз Кудратов возглавил Министерство инвестиций, промышленности и торговли Узбекистана. Жамшид Ходжаев сохраняет должность вице-премьера.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Bosh vazirining o‘rinbosari ==
2024-yil 21-noyabr kuni hukumatning yangilangan tarkibi shakllantirilganidan so‘ng, Xodjayev O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Bosh vazirining o‘rinbosari lavozimiga tayinlandi. Vazirlar Mahkamasining rasmiy sahifasida u investitsiyalar, sanoat va savdo masalalari bo‘yicha Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari sifatida qayd etilgan. [https://www.gazeta.uz/uz/2024/11/21/ministers/]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/uz/2024/11/21/ministers/ |sarlavha=Ўзбекистон ҳукумати аъзолигига номзодлар маъқулланди ва тайинланди. Барча вазирлар ўз жойида қолди}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Investitsiyalarni jalb qilish‚ sanoatni rivojlantirish va savdoni tartibga solish masalalari boʻyicha'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://lex.uz/ru/docs/-6540957?ONDATE=29.01.2025 |sarlavha=Maʼmuriy islohotlar doirasida investitsiyalar, sanoat va savdo sohasida davlat boshqaruvini samarali tashkil qilish chora-tadbirlari toʻgʻrisida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2023-yil 21-iyuldagi PF-111-sonli Farmoni bilan Investitsiyalarni jalb etish, sanoatni rivojlantirish va savdoni tartibga solish masalalari bo‘yicha Hukumat komissiyasi raisi etib tayinlangan. [https://lex.uz/ru/docs/-6540957?ONDATE=29.01.2025]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://lex.uz/ru/docs/-6540957?ONDATE=29.01.2025 |sarlavha=Maʼmuriy islohotlar doirasida investitsiyalar, sanoat va savdo sohasida davlat boshqaruvini samarali tashkil qilish chora-tadbirlari toʻgʻrisida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''JST bilan ishlash bo‘yicha idoralararo komissiya raisi'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://lex.uz/docs/-6480161?ONDATE=04.06.2024 |sarlavha=Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Jahon savdo tashkilotiga aʼzo boʻlish jarayonini jadallashtirishga doir qoʻshimcha chora-tadbirlar toʻgʻrisida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2023-yil 2-iyundagi PQ-181-sonli qaroriga muvofiq Jahon savdo tashkiloti bilan ishlash bo‘yicha Idoralararo komissiya raisi etib tayinlandi.[https://lex.uz/docs/-6480161?ONDATE=04.06.2024]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://lex.uz/docs/-6480161?ONDATE=04.06.2024 |sarlavha=Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Jahon savdo tashkilotiga aʼzo boʻlish jarayonini jadallashtirishga doir qoʻshimcha chora-tadbirlar toʻgʻrisida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Osiyo taraqqiyot banki Boshqaruvchilar kengashi raisi'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.adb.org/who-we-are/organization/board-governors |sarlavha=Board of Governors. The Agreement Establishing the Asian Development Bank, known as the ADB Charter, vests all the powers of the institution in the Board of Governors, which in turn delegates some of these powers to the Board of Directors.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2025-yilning may oyida Milan shahrida (Italiya) bo‘lib o‘tgan Osiyo taraqqiyot banki (OTB) Boshqaruvchilar kengashining 58-yillik yig‘ilishida Jamshid Xodjayev OTB Boshqaruvchilar kengashining 2025–2026-yillar uchun raisi etib tasdiqlandi.[https://www.adb.org/who-we-are/organization/board-governors] [https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/zhamshid-khodzhaev-utverzhdion-predsedatelem-soveta-upravliaiushchikh-abr-na-2025-2026-gody/]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/zhamshid-khodzhaev-utverzhdion-predsedatelem-soveta-upravliaiushchikh-abr-na-2025-2026-gody/ |sarlavha=Жамшид Ходжаев утверждён председателем Совета управляющих АБР на 2025–2026 годы}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2020-yil 1-sentyabrda – Xoʻjayevning nomzodi [[Oʻzbekiston Liberal demokratik partiyasi]] siyosiy kengashi aʼzosi sifatida tasdiqlangan&lt;ref&gt;https://uzlidep.uz/ru/&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
[[2024-yil]] [[24-avgust]]da [[Mehnat shuhrati ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://president.uz/uz/lists/view/7491|title=Ўзбекистон Республикаси мустақиллигининг ўттиз уч йиллиги муносабати билан давлат хизматчилари ҳамда ишлаб чиқариш ва ижтимоий-иқтисодий соҳалар ходимларидан бир гуруҳини мукофотлаш тўғрисида}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xoʻjayev, Jamshid}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining shaxsiy tarkibi}}

[[Turkum:Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti bitiruvchilari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>One Piece</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T01:13:21Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Stephan1000000</username>
        <id>46619</id>
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      <comment>1157</comment>
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      <text bytes="5098" sha1="tsjxxz0c3ce6zc4b10127fa4vqomgdq" xml:space="preserve">{{Telekoʻrsatuv bilgiqutisi
| nomi = One Piece&lt;br /&gt;ワンピース
| tasvir = 
| image_ex = OnePiece 1.jpg
| izoh = 
| genre = [[Sarguzasht]], [[fantaziya]]
| creator = 
| developer =
| presenter =
| starring = 
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = {{flagicon|Japan}}
| language = [[Yapon tili|Yaponcha]]
| num_series = 
| num_episodes = 1157
| list_episodes = One Piece qismlari roʻyxati
| executive_producer =
| producer = 
| asst_producer =
| editor = 
| location = 
| runtime = 
| network = 
| picture_format = 
| audio_format = 
| first_run =
| first_aired = [[20-Oktyabr]] [[1999]]
| last_aired =  bugun
| preceded_by = 
| followed_by = 
| related = 
| vebsayt = 
| imdb_id = 
| tv_com_id = 
}}'''One Piece''' — Yaponiyaning eng mashhur '''[[anime]]''' seriyalaridan biri bo‘lib, '''[[Eiichiro Oda]]''' yaratgan shon-shuhratli manga seriyasiga asoslangan. Anime serialni '''[[Toei Animation]]''' studiyasi ishlab chiqargan va 1999-yil 20-oktyabrda efirga uzatila boshladi. O‘zining birinchi chiqishidan boshlab, '''One Piece''' tezda katta e'tiborga sazovor bo‘ldi va hozirgi kunga qadar dunyodagi eng uzoq davom etgan va muvaffaqiyatli anime seriyalaridan biri bo‘lib qoldi.

== Syujet haqida ==
'''One Piece'''ning voqealari dengiz sarguzashtlari, do‘stlik va kuchli dushmanlarga qarshi kurashga asoslanadi. Asosiy qahramon — yosh va g‘ayratli yigit '''[[Monkey D. Luffy]]''', u bolaligidan beri afsonaviy &quot;One Piece&quot; xazinasini topishni va shu orqali &quot;Dengizlar qiroli&quot; bo‘lishni orzu qiladi. Luffy tasodifan '''[[Gomu Gomu no Mi]]''' deb ataladigan sehrli meva yeydi, bu unga tanasini kauchukka o‘xshatib cho‘zish qobiliyatini beradi, ammo bu bilan u suzish qobiliyatini ham yo‘qotadi.

Luffy o‘zining sarguzashtlari davomida turli do‘stlar va ittifoqchilarni to‘playdi. Ularning har biri o‘zining maqsadlariga ega va ekipajning bir qismi sifatida birlashadi. Luffy va uning ekipaji — '''[[Straw Hat Pirates]]''' — dengizlarni kezib, kuchli dushmanlar, dengizchilar, va boshqa to‘siqlarga duch kelishadi.

== Qahramonlar ==

* '''Monkey D. Luffy''' — serialning bosh qahramoni va '''Straw Hat Pirates''' jamoasining sardori. Uning maqsadi &quot;One Piece&quot; xazinasini topish va &quot;Dengizlar qiroli&quot; bo‘lish.
* '''Roronoa Zoro''' — Luffyning eng yaqin do‘sti va ekipajning bosh jangchisi, u uchta qilich bilan jang qiladi va eng kuchli qilichboz bo‘lishni orzu qiladi.
* '''Nami''' — ekipajning navigatori, u dunyoning eng yaxshi xaritasini chizish orzusiga ega.
* '''Usopp''' — ekipajning snayperi va eng kekkaygan, ammo sadoqatli a’zo. U ham qahramon bo‘lishni orzu qiladi.
* '''Sanji''' — ekipaj oshpazi, janglarda oyoqlarini ishlatadi va &quot;All Blue&quot; deb atalgan afsonaviy dengizni topishni maqsad qilgan.

Bundan tashqari, serial davomida ekipajga boshqa ko‘plab qahramonlar qo‘shiladi, masalan, '''Tony Tony Chopper''' (shifokor), '''Nico Robin''' (arxeolog), '''Franky''' (konstruktor) va '''Brook''' (skelet musiqa ijrochisi).

== Asosiy mavzular ==
'''One Piece''' anime seriyasi ko‘plab chuqur mavzularni o‘z ichiga oladi, jumladan, erkinlik, do‘stlik, sadoqat, kuch va orzular. Luffy va uning ekipajining asosiy maqsadi har bir a’zoning o‘z orzusiga yetishishida bir-birini qo‘llab-quvvatlash va dengizda erkin yashashdir. Bu erkinlik masalasi serialning asosiy mavzusi bo‘lib, uni ko‘plab dushmanlar va to‘siqlar sinovdan o‘tkazadi.

== Dunyo qurilishi ==
'''One Piece''' dunyosi nihoyatda keng va murakkab. Serialda bir nechta asosiy geografik zonalar va xalqaro tashkilotlar tasvirlangan. Masalan, &quot;[[Grand Line]]&quot; deb nomlangan xavfli dengiz bo‘ylab joylashgan turli orollar seriyadagi asosiy jang maydonidir. Bu dengizning eng katta xavfi kuchli dengizchilar, piratlar, hukumat agentlari va tabiiy ofatlardir.

Dunyodagi eng kuchli dengizchilar &quot;[[Yonkou]]&quot; deb ataladi, ular dengizlarda eng katta ta'sirga ega bo‘lgan to‘rt katta dengiz qaroqchilari sardorlaridir. Shu bilan birga, Jahon hukumati va uning bir qismi bo‘lgan &quot;[[Marines]]&quot; ham tinchlikni saqlashga harakat qilmoqda, ammo bu hukumatning qorong‘i tomonlari ham bor.

== Muvaffaqiyati va ta'siri ==
'''One Piece'''ning muvaffaqiyati mangadan ancha kengaygan. Ushbu anime Yaponiyada va butun dunyo bo‘ylab minglab muxlislar tomonidan qadrlanadi. Serial ko‘plab animatsion mukofotlarni qo‘lga kiritgan va '''[[Netflix]]''', '''[[Crunchyroll]]''' kabi platformalarda namoyish etilgan. Anime serial o‘zining yuqori reytingli voqealari, qiziqarli jang sahnalari va o‘ziga xos qahramonlar bilan keng muxlislar bazasiga ega bo‘ldi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDbda film|id=0388629}} 
* {{Rasmiy sayt|http://one-piece.com/}} (yapon tilida)
* [http://www.shonenjump.com/j/rensai/onepiece.html Weekly Shōnen Jump sayti] (yapon tilida)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160110161646/http://www.onepiece.com.au/grandline/ Madman Entertainment sayti] (ingliz tilida)


[[Turkum:Anime]]
[[Turkum:Manga]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya teleseriallari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andijon qirgʻizlari</title>
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      <text bytes="5172" sha1="e3sek6xgkq3z1ajxotihsie6x0389xb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Millat
|group      = Andijon qirgʻizlari&lt;br&gt;''Анжиян кыргыздары'', ''Себей кыргыздары''
|image      = [[Fayl:Андижанские киргизы Кургантепинский район 1930 г..jpg]] Qo'rg'ontepa tumani Chiroqtamga qishlog'i 1930 yil 
|tagyozuv= [[Andijon qirgʻizlari]] (XX asr fotosurati)
|population = 400 mingdan 550 mingacha
|region1    = 
[[Andijon viloyati]]
|pop1 = 400 ming kishi[https://wikiston.uz/a/29-andijon-qirg%CA%BBizlari.html]
|ref1 = 
|region2 = 
Qo'rg'ontepa tumani
|pop2 = 115 ming kishi (rasmiy)
|ref2 = 200 ming kishi (norasmiy)
|region3 = Jalolquduq tumani
|pop3 = 87 ming kishi(rasmiy), 105 ming kishi (norasmiy)
|region4 = Xonobod shahar
|pop4 = 10.7 ming kishi (rasmiy)
|ref4 = 12 ming kishi (norasmiy)
|ref3 = 
|region6 = Xo'jaobod tumani
|pop6 = 
|ref6 = 
|region5 = Buloqboshi tumani
|pop5 =
|ref5 = 
|region7 = Asaka tumani
|pop7 = 
|ref7 = 
|region8 = Oltinko'l tumani
|pop8 = aniq malumot yo'q 
|ref8 = 
|region9 = Paxtaobod tumani
|pop9 = 
|ref9 = 
|region10 = Izboskan tumani
|pop10 = 
|ref10 = 
|region11 = Marhamat tumani
|pop11 = 
|ref11 = 
|languages = [[Qirgʻiz tili]] [[andijon qirgʻiz shevasi]], Sharqiy sheva, G'arbiy sheva &lt;br /&gt;
|religions = [[Islom]], [[Sunniy]] [[hanafiy]] 40%, [[Shofeiy]] 60%,
|related = [[Qirgʻizlar]], [[Qozoqlar]], [[Qoraqalpoglar]],[[No'gaylar]]
}}
[[Fayl:万国来朝图 Andijan (安集延) delegates in Peking in 1761.jpg]] Andijon qirgʻizlari Pekinda 1761-yil


'''Andijon qirgʻizlari''' — [[Andijon viloyati|Andijon viloyat]]idagi [[Etnos|etnik]] guruh. [[Qirgʻizlar]]ning [[Oʻzbekiston]] hududidagi eng yirik [[subetnos]]i. Viloyatning sharqiy tumanlari aholisi (210 ming kishi rasmiy), 400 ming kishi (norasmiy). [[Qoʻrgʻontepa tumani|Qoʻrgʻontepa]], [[Jalaquduq tumani|Jalaquduq]], [[Xo'jaobod tumani|Xo'jaobod]], [[Marhamat tumani|Marhamat]], [[Buloqboshi tumani|Buloqboshi]] va [[Asaka tumani|Asaka]] tumanlarida yashashadi. [[Qirgʻiz tili]]da soʻzlashadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12933/UZ Kyrgyz in Uzbekistan]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Andijonda qirgʻiz millatining shakllanishi ==
Qo'qon xonligi davrida Fargʻona vodiyisida Qirgʻizlar 3 guruhga bo'lingan.
*Oloy qirgʻizlari (Алай кыргыздары)
*Aqsi qirgʻizlari (Аксы кыргыздары)
*Andijon qirgʻizlari (Анжиян кыргыздары, Булгачы кыргыздары, Себей кыргыздары).
[[Markaziy Osiyo]] xalqlarining XIX asr 2-yarmi — XX asr boshlaridagi tarixiy taqdiri va taraqqiyot bosqichlari chor Rossiyasining mustamlakachiligi davri bilan bogʻliq. 

Tarixchi M.Vaxobovning taʼkidlashicha, Andijon Qirgʻizlari millat sifatida 19-asr oxiri - 20-asr boshlarida, yaʻni kapitalistik munosabatlarning mintaqaga kirib borishi bilan shakllana boshlagan&lt;ref&gt;Vakhabov M. G. Formirovaniye kirgizskoy sotsialisticheskoy natsii. T.,1961&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Qoʻrgʻontepa tumani ==
Qoʻrgʻontepa tumanida O'zbekiston Respublikasida eng ko'p qirgʻizlar istiqomad qiladi. Tumanda 175 ming (norasmiy), 150ming (rasmiy) istiqomad qiladi. Dardoq, Azad,Bo'riliq, Manas (muqur), Ashqaltepa, Madaniyat, Chimyon, Eshonobod, Sutqon, Oltinsoy, Namuna, Tashloq, Dardoqtepa, Boshtut, Yortibosh, Dehqonchek, Chiroqtamga, Qizil bayroq, Beshqaltaq, Bo'ston, Ishtimayat va Savayning barcha hududlarida yashab kelmoqdalar. Tumanda 8ta qirgʻiz maktab va Respublikasida yagona litsey faoliyat koʻrsatadi.
Tumanda qirgʻizlar urf odatlarni juda yaxshi saqlanib qolgan. To'y va marosimlarda milliy qalpog' va kiyimlarini qiyishadi. Sunnat to'ylarda qo'noq (Конок) boqishadi. O'limlarda esa pul mablag'lari to'plashadi.

==Milliy bayroq ==
[[File:Андижанские киргизы флаги .jpg]]
Bayroq rasmiy hisoblanmaydi ushbu Bayroq etnik bayroq hisoblanadi. 
Ushbu bayroq Andijon qirgʻizlarining bayrog'i hisoblanadi. 
* Qizil rang tomirimizdagi qon,Yarim oy Andijon qirgʻizlari musulmon ekanligini bildiradi. Uch yulduz esa Ichkilik, O'ng qanot, So'l qanot tarmoqlari hisoblanadi. Oq rang esa Ena suti Ena tili hisoblanadi.

== Xonobod shahri ==
Xonobod shahrining Xidirsha, Qorabogish va Pozilmon qishlogʻida joylashgan. 2 ta Qirgʻiz tilida o'rta taʼlim maktabi bor.

== Jalaquduq tumani ==
== Xo'jaobod tumani ==

Asosan Orday, Qorabuloq, Uchkoʻcha, Mustahkam hududlarida yashashadi

== Marhamat tumani ==
== Shahrixon tumani ==
Shahrixon tumanida Bo'ston, Xidirsha, Quruqsoy, Nayman, 
Toyit, Qalmoq va Qo'rg'oncha qishlog'idagi tub aholi qirgʻizlar hisoblanadi.
*Bo'ston qishlog'ida Bo'ston urugi,
*Naymanda Nayman va Munduz urugi,
*Xidirshada Xidirsha, Qesaq va Qipchoq urugi,
*Qalmoq qishlog'ida Teyit urugi,
*Toyit va Qo'rg'oncha qishlog'ida Teyit urugilar istiqomad qiladi. 
Shahrixon tumani Qirgʻiz maktab yo'q  shuning uchun yoshlar o'zbek tilida muloqot qilishadi. Oqsoqollar esa Qirgʻiz tilini bemalol muloqot qilishadi.
To'y va marosimlar O'zbeklashib ketgan. Sunnat to'ylar bir oz saqlanib qolgan.

== Asaka tumani ==
== Buloqboshi tumani ==
Asosan Sharq Yulduz, Novvoq, Paxtaobod, Bo’ston va boshqa joylarda yashaydi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}

{{no iwiki}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan [[Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)]] sahifasini [[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
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      <text bytes="147" sha1="bbmd00jkrniya740uq3zr7aexkkq8lv" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Kinofranshizalar]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Superqahramonlar haqidagi AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]</text>
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        <id>49138</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Turkum qoʻshildi</comment>
      <origin>5989040</origin>
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      <text bytes="187" sha1="tvp2ir1ovpdk4cjmpstshibh6arazlx" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Transformerlar|Kinofranshiza]]
[[Turkum:Kinofranshizalar]]
[[Turkum:Michael Bay filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Superqahramonlar haqidagi AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]</text>
      <sha1>tvp2ir1ovpdk4cjmpstshibh6arazlx</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Yarim buta</title>
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      <comment>/* Adabiyotlar */</comment>
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[[Fayl:Wild_raspberri.jpg|thumb|Oddiy malina – buta namunasi.]]
[[Fayl:Vaccinium-myrtillus-0175.jpg|thumb|Myrtle blueberry –(heather)oilasiga mansub yarim buta.]]
'''Yarim buta''' ([[Lotin tili|lotincha]]: Suffrutrex) – oʻsimliklarning hayot shakli (biomorf); koʻp yilli, yarim yogʻochli, yarim oʻtsimon oʻsimlik, buta va butalardan farqli oʻlaroq, faqat kurtaklarning pastki qismi qotib qoladi va koʻp yillar davomida qishda saqlanadi, yuqori qismi esa sovuq boshlanishi bilan oʻladi, issiqlik boshlanishi bilan qayta oʻsadi.

Raunker tizimiga koʻra, yarim tunikalar Hamefit kabi toʻrtta kichik [[Turlanish (biologiya)|turlardan]] biridir.Butalarning yangilanishi odatda 20sm yoki undan ortiqroq balandlikda joylashgan boʻlib, bu-ularning otsu oʻsimligidan koʻp yillik farqidir.Yarim butalar, odatda,80 sm dan yuqori emas, kamdan-kam hollarda ular 150-200 smga yetadi.

[[Moʻtadil iqlim|Moʻtadil zonada]] pastki butalar orasida [[malina]], karabuak, koʻkatlar mavjud.

== Adabiyotlar ==

* Polukustarniki // Plata – Prob. – M.: Sovetskaya ensiklopediya, 1975. – (Bolshaya sovetskaya ensiklopediya: [v 30 t.] / gl. red. A. M. Proxorov; 1969—1978, t. 20).
* Polukustarniki // Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar Brokgauza i Yefrona: v 86 t. (82 t. i 4 dop.). – SPb., 1890—1907.
* ''Korovkin O. A.'' Anatomiya i morfologiya visshix rasteniy, slovar terminov. – M.: Drofa, 2007. – ISBN 978-5-358-01214-1.


== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.ecosystema.ru/07referats/slovgeo/648.htm ''Polukustarnik'' – statya na sayte „Ekosistema“]

[[Turkum:O'simliklarning hayot shakllari]]
[[Turkum:Yarim Butalar]]
[[Turkum:Botanika]]
[[Turkum:Fan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1703" sha1="jg1h5o3rqsqrf3cnlqwvt2h3larrb5d" xml:space="preserve">{{xatolar}}
{{wikify}}
[[Fayl:Wild_raspberri.jpg|thumb|Oddiy malina – buta namunasi.]]
[[Fayl:Vaccinium-myrtillus-0175.jpg|thumb|Myrtle blueberry –(heather)oilasiga mansub yarim buta.]]
'''Yarim buta''' ([[Lotin tili|lotincha]]: Suffrutrex) – oʻsimliklarning hayot shakli (biomorf); koʻp yilli, yarim yogʻochli, yarim oʻtsimon oʻsimlik, buta va butalardan farqli oʻlaroq, faqat kurtaklarning pastki qismi qotib qoladi va koʻp yillar davomida qishda saqlanadi, yuqori qismi esa sovuq boshlanishi bilan oʻladi, issiqlik boshlanishi bilan qayta oʻsadi.

Raunker tizimiga koʻra, yarim tunikalar Hamefit kabi toʻrtta kichik [[Turlanish (biologiya)|turlardan]] biridir.Butalarning yangilanishi odatda 20sm yoki undan ortiqroq balandlikda joylashgan boʻlib, bu-ularning otsu oʻsimligidan koʻp yillik farqidir.Yarim butalar, odatda,80 sm dan yuqori emas, kamdan-kam hollarda ular 150-200 smga yetadi.

[[Moʻtadil iqlim|Moʻtadil zonada]] pastki butalar orasida [[malina]], karabuak, koʻkatlar mavjud.

== Adabiyotlar ==

* Polukustarniki // Plata – Prob. – M.: Sovetskaya ensiklopediya, 1975. – (Bolshaya sovetskaya ensiklopediya: [v 30 t.] / gl. red. A. M. Proxorov; 1969—1978, t. 20).
* Polukustarniki // Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar Brokgauza i Yefrona: v 86 t. (82 t. i 4 dop.). – SPb., 1890—1907.
* ''Korovkin O. A.'' Anatomiya i morfologiya visshix rasteniy, slovar terminov. – M.: Drofa, 2007. – ISBN 978-5-358-01214-1.


==== Havolalar ====
* [http://www.ecosystema.ru/07referats/slovgeo/648.htm ''Polukustarnik'' – statya na sayte „Ekosistema“]

[[Turkum:O'simliklarning hayot shakllari]]
[[Turkum:Yarim Butalar]]
[[Turkum:Botanika]]
[[Turkum:Fan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>„Jasurlik uchun“ medali</title>
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        <id>72834</id>
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      <text bytes="3875" sha1="lfriyfwf9uu6e0xsra9pa8yhqls8ny8" xml:space="preserve">{{Mukofot bilgiqutisi
|Nomi             = „Jasurlik uchun“ medali (Медаль «За отвагу»)
|Tasvir          =
|TasvirLenta     = SU Medal For Courage ribbon.svg
|Tasvir oʻlchami   = 150px
|Lenta oʻlchami         = 100px
|OriginalName         = 
|Shior                = 
|Mamlakat               = [[SSSR]]
|Turi = medal
|KimgaTopshiriladi = 
|TaqdirlashAsosi =
|Holati = 
|Koʻrsatkichlari = 
|TaʼsisSanasi = 17.10.1938
|BirinchiTaqdirlash = 19.10.1939
|OxirgiTaqdirlash =
|Soni = 4 569 893
|ToʻngʻichMukofot = 
|KenjaMukofot = 
|Mos keladi =
}}
'''„Jasurlik uchun“ medali''' — Vatan himoyasi va harbiy burchni bajarishda koʻrsatilgan Jasurlik uchun SSSRning davlat mukofoti.

== Medal tarixi ==
&quot;Jasurlik uchun&quot; medali SSSR Qurolli Kuchlari Prezidiumining 17-oktabr 1938-yildagi „Jasurlik uchun“ medalini taʼsis etish toʻgʻrisidagi farmoni bilan taʼsis etilgan. Medal toʻgʻrisidagi Nizomda shunday deyilgan: „Jasurlik uchun“ medali sosialistik Vatanni himoya qilish va harbiy burchni bajarishda koʻrsatilgan jasoratni taqdirlash uchun taʼsis etilgan. „Jasurlik uchun“ medali Qizil Armiya, Harbiy-dengiz floti, chegara va ichki qoʻshinlari harbiy xizmatchilari va SSSRning boshqa fuqarolariga beriladi. „Jasurlik uchun“ medali — SSSR mukofotlari tizimidagi eng oliy medal.

1938-yil 19-oktabrdagi birinchi farmon&lt;ref&gt;Ukaz Prezidiuma Verxovnogo Soveta SSSR „O nagrajdenii komandnogo, nachalstvuyuщego sostava, krasnoarmeysev Raboche-Krestyanskoy Krasnoy Armii i voysk NKVD“&lt;/ref&gt; bilan 62 nafar harbiy xizmatchi „Jasurlik uchun“ medali bilan taqdirlandi. Birinchi farmon (1938-yil 22-oktabr) ushbu medal bilan Hasan koʻli yaqinida bir guruh diversantlarni qoʻlga olgan Qizil Armiya chegarachilari N. E. Gulyayev va B. F. Gulyayevni taqdirladi. Jangovar topshiriqlarni namunali bajarganliklari, Xasan koʻli hududini himoya qilishda koʻrsatgan jasorati uchun 1938-yil 25-oktabrdagi Farmoni bilan 1326 nafar harbiy xizmatchilar, qoʻmondonlik xodimlarining oila aʼzolari, kasalxona xodimlari va savdo floti taqdirlandilar. Ulugʻ Vatan urushi boshlanishidan oldin SSSR davlat chegaralarini himoya qilishda va Sovet-Finlandiya urushida Jasurlik uchun 26 mingga yaqin harbiy xizmatchilar medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref&gt;''Lebedev V.'' Nagradi zovut na podvig. // [[Военно-исторический журнал]]. — 1978. — № 10. — S.122-123.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ulugʻ Vatan urushi davrida 1941-yildan 1945-yilgacha boʻlgan davrda 4 milliondan ortiq mukofotlar berildi.

Ulugʻ Vatan urushi yillarida Qizil Armiya askarlarining bir qismi toʻrtta, beshta va hatto oltita (S. V. Gresov) „Jasurlik uchun“ medallari bilan taqdirlangan.

„Jasurlik uchun“ medali yaratilganidan buyon front askarlari orasida alohida hurmat va qadriyatga ega boʻldi.

Umuman olganda, „Jasurlik uchun“ medali 4,6 millionga yaqin kishiga topshirildi.
[[Fayl:Medal_&quot;For_Courage&quot;.jpg|thumb|Medal „For Courage“ 1942]]
[[Fayl:Medal_&quot;For_Courage&quot;_reverse.jpg|thumb|Medal „For Courage“ 1942]]

== Medal tavsiri ==
&quot;Jasurlik uchun&quot; medali kumush rangda, diametri 37 mm boʻlgan doira shaklida, har ikki tomonida qavariq chetlari bor. Medalning old tomonining yuqori qismida uchta uchuvchi samolyot tasvirlangan. Samolyotlar ostida ikki qatorda „Za otvagu“ yozuvi bor.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==

* Volodin A. N., Merlay N. M. Medali SSSR. — SPb.: Pechatniy dvor, 1997. — S. 29—32. — 301 s. — 3000 ekz. — &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 5-7062-0111-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* {{Книга|автор=Колесников Г. А., Рожков А. М.|заглавие=Ордена и медали СССР|место=Мн.|издательство=Народная асвета|год=1986|страницы=58—59|isbn=|ref=Колесников, Рожков}}
[[Turkum:Sovet Ittifoqi medallari]]</text>
      <sha1>lfriyfwf9uu6e0xsra9pa8yhqls8ny8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyevning xalqaro safarlari roʻyxati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>731189</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988896</id>
      <parentid>5868437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:35:06Z</timestamp>
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        <username>QazNorth</username>
        <id>171473</id>
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      <comment>/* 2023-yil */</comment>
      <origin>5988896</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25719" sha1="36do8rnis5usm8999vlal64a8217y11" xml:space="preserve">Bu [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi]] Prezidenti '''[[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]ning xalqaro prezidentlik safarlari roʻyxati'''.
[[Fayl:Informal meeting with Nursultan Nazarabayev and Shavkat Mirziyoyev 02.jpg|thumb|250px|Shavkat Mirziyoyev [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] va [[Vladimir Putin]] bilan, [[Sariagʻash]], [[Qozogʻiston]], 2018-yil 20-oktabr.]]
== 2017-yil ==
[[Fayl:Vladimir Putin and Shavkat Mirziyoev (2017-04-05) 15.jpg|thumb|250px|Shavkat Mirziyoyev [[Moskva]]da, 2017-yil 5-aprel.]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;115&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]],
[[Turkmanobod]]
|6-7 mart
|Davlat tashrifi.  [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] bilan uchrashdi. [[Turkmanobod]]da yodgorlik majmuasi va [[Islom Karimov]] byusti ochilishida ishtirok etdi
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|22-23 mart
|Davlat tashrifi. Prezident [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] bilan uchrashgan
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Moskva]]
|4–5-aprel
|Davlat tashrifi. Prezident Vladimir Putin bilan uchrashgan
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Janubiy Qozogʻiston]]
|29-aprel
|Ishchi tashrif
|-
|{{Xitoy bayrogʻi}} [[Xitoy]]
|[[Pekin]]
|10–14-may
|Davlat tashrifi. Shuningdek, Pekindagi “Bir kamar, bir yoʻl” xalqaro forumida ishtirok etgan. Turkiya prezidenti [[Receb Tayyip Erdoğan|Rajab Toyyib Erdoʻgʻan]] bilan uchrashgan
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]]
|19–20-may
|Ishchi tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://president.uz/en/lists/view/518|title=President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has departed on a working visit for Turkmenistan|website=president.uz|access-date=12-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Saudiya Arabistoni bayrogʻi}} [[Saudiya Arabistoni]]
|[[Ar-Riyod]]
|20–21-may
|Arab Islom Amerika sammitida ishtirok etgan. [[Ozarbayjon]], [[Tojikiston]], [[Qozogʻiston]], [[AQSh]], [[Afgʻoniston]] Prezidentlari, [[Qirgʻiziston]] Bosh vaziri, [[Turkiya]] Tashqi ishlar vaziri, [[Saudiya Arabistoni]] Qiroli bilan uchrashgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://president.uz/en/lists/view/529|title=President Shavkat Mirziyoyev attends the Arab Islamic American Summit|website=president.uz|language=inglizcha|access-date=12-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|8–9-iyun
|[[Shanxay hamkorlik tashkiloti]] (ShHT) Davlat rahbarlari kengashining majlisida va Ostona EXPO koʻrgazmasining ochilishida ishtirok etgan. Ispaniya Qiroli,
Qirgʻiziston va Afgʻoniston Prezidentlari, Pokiston va Hindiston Bosh vazirlari bilan uchrashgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://president.uz/en/lists/view/630|title=SCO Heads of State's meeting in private session|website=president.uz|language=inglizcha|access-date=12-iyun 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qirgʻiziston bayrogʻi}} [[Qirgʻiziston]]
|[[Bishkek]]
|5–6-sentabr
|Tarixiy davlat tashrifi. Hamkorlik va chegarani belgilash boʻyicha hujjatlar toʻplami imzolangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.tashkenttimes.uz/national/1370-shavkat-mirziyoyev-to-visit-kyrgyzstan-on-september-6|title = Shavkat Mirziyoyev to visit Kyrgyzstan on September 6}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was the first visit to Kyrgyzstan by an Uzbek president in 17 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2017/09/18/feature-01|title = Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan reach historic new stage in relations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|9–10-sentabr
|Islom hamkorlik tashkilotining fan va texnologiyalar boʻyicha sammiti, EXPO yopilish marosimida ishtirok etgan, [[Turkiya]], [[Eron]] va [[Afgʻoniston]] prezidentlari bilan ikki tomonlama uchrashuvlar oʻtkazgan.
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]]
|17-sentabr
|Yopiq inshootlardagi va jang san’atlari sport turlari boʻyicha V Osiyo oʻyinlarining ochilish marosimida qatnashgan, [[Turkmaniston]] va [[Tojikiston]] Prezidentlari bilan uchrashgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://prezident.uz/en/lists/view/1034|title = President Shavkat Mirziyoyev will visit Turkmenistan on September 17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{AQSh bayrogʻi}} [[AQSH]]
|[[Nyu-York]]
|18-20-sentabr
|BMT Bosh Assambleyasida ishtirok etgan, Bolgariya Prezidenti, Gruziya Bosh vaziri, BMT Bosh kotibi, Jahon banki guruhi Prezidenti, BMTning Inson huquqlari boʻyicha Oliy komissari, Xalqaro valyuta jamgʻarmasi boshqaruvchi direktori bilan uchrashgan, Oʻzbekiston-AQSh biznes forumida ishtirok etgan, Nyu-Yorkda yashovchi oʻzbekistonlik fuqarolar bilan uchrashgan
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Sochi]]
|11-oktabr
|MDH sammitida ishtirok etdi, [[Rossiya]] va [[Belarus]] prezidentlari bilan uchrashdi.
|-
|{{Turkiya bayrogʻi}} [[Turkiya]]
|[[Anqara]], [[Istanbul]]
|25–27-oktabr
|Davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{Janubiy Koreya bayrogʻi}} [[Janubiy Koreya]]
|[[Seul]]
|22–25-noyabr
|Davlat tashrifi
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Moskva]]
|26-dekabr
|Ishchi tashrif, MDH Davlat rahbarlarining norasmiy uchrashuvida ishtirok etgan.
|}

== 2018-yil ==
[[Fayl:President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev Signs the Department of State Guest Book (41454516094).jpg|thumb|Shavkat Mirziyoyev AQSh Davlat kotibi [[Mayk Pompeo]] bilan AQSh Davlat departamentida uchrashuvdan oldin mehmonlar kitobiga imzo chekkan, 2018-yil 17-may.]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tahsrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Tojikiston bayrogʻi}} [[Tojikiston]]
|[[Dushanbe]]
|9-10mart
|Davlat tashrifi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/high-hopes-for-mending-tajikistan-uzbekistan-relations-ahead-of-state-visit/|title=High Hopes for Mending Tajikistan-Uzbekistan Relations Ahead of State Visit}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|15 mart
|Ishchi tashrifi. Markaziy Osiyoning beshta davlatlari rahbarlari saammitida ishtirok etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/rahmon-nazarbaev-meeting-tajikistan-kazakhstan/29098957.html|title=The summit will also be attended by Kyrgyz President Sooronbai Jeenbekov and Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoev.|work=Radio Free Europe|accessdate=14-mart 2018-yil|date=14-mart 2018-yil|language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{AQSh bayrogʻi}} [[AQSH]]
|[[Vashington]]
|15-17-may
|Rasmiy tashrif, [[Donald Tramp]], [[Mayk Pompeo]] bilan uchrashgan, Kongress va Pentagonda uchrashuvlar oʻtkazgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/events/upcoming-events/detail/opening-in-uzbekistan-a-preview-of-president-mirziyoyevs-visit|title=Opening in Uzbekistan: A Preview of President Mirziyoyev's Visit}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://eadaily.com/en/news/2018/05/11/uzbekistan-and-us-to-resume-bilateral-strategic-partnership|title = Uzbekistan and U.S. To resume bilateral strategic partnership}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Xitoy bayrogʻi}} [[Xitoy]]
|[[Sindao]]
|9-10-iyun
|[[ShHT]] Sammitida ishtirok etdi, [[Xitoy]], [[Rossiya]], [[Hindiston]], [[Pokiston]], [[Afgʻoniston]] rahbarlari va BMT Bosh kotibining birinchi oʻrinbosari bilan uchrashdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://en.trend.az/casia/uzbekistan/2910211.html|title=Mirziyoyev to meet Putin, Modi and Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the SCO Summit|website=Trend News Agency|date=30-may 2018-yil|language=inglizcha|access-date=3-iyun 2018-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Moskva]]
|14-iyun
|2018-yilgi futbol boʻyicha Jahon chempionati ochilish marosimida ishtirok etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://tass.com/sport/1009268/amp|title=Kremlin: Donald Trump welcome guest at FIFA World Cup|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|5-6-iyul
|Ishchi tashrif.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://m.kun.uz/news/2018/07/04/savkat-mirzieev-kozogistonga-boradi|title=Шавкат Мирзиёев Қозоғистонга боради|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]]
|24-avgust
|Ishchi tashrif, Orol dengizi sammiti&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://m.akipress.com/news:608358/&amp;#|title = President of Turkmenistan invites President Mirziyoyev to visit Ashgabat this August}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qirgʻiziston bayrogʻi}} [[Qirgʻiziston]]
|[[Cho'lpon-ota]]
|3-4-sentabr
|Ishchi tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.azernews.az/region/135257.html|title=Mirziyoyev to take part in summit of Turkic Council in Kyrgyzstan|date=24-iyul 2018-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://m.akipress.com/news:610078&amp;#|title=Presidents of Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Uzbekistan and the Prime Minister of Hungary to attend World Nomad Games opening ceremony}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://en.trend.az/casia/uzbekistan/2946505.html|title = Uzbek president to leave for Kyrgyzstan Sept. 3|date = 2018-yil sentabr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Tojikiston bayrogʻi}} [[Tojikiston]]
|[[Dushanbe]]
|27-28-sentabr
|Ishchi tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://en.trend.az/casia/tajikistan/2944993.html|title = Uzbek president due in Tajikistan|date = 28-avgust 2018-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url = https://dnd.com.pk/uzbek-president-shavkat-mirziyoyev-greeted-prime-minister-imran-khan/148988/amp|title = Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev greeted Prime Minister Imran Khan|date = 20-avgust 2018-yil|qaralgan sana = 6-iyun 2022-yil|arxivsana = 29-avgust 2018-yil|arxivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829095312/https://dnd.com.pk/uzbek-president-shavkat-mirziyoyev-greeted-prime-minister-imran-khan/148988/amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://m.akipress.com/news:610247/&amp;#|title = President Mirziyoyev to attend CIS summit in Dushanbe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Hindiston bayrogʻi}} [[Hindiston]]
|[[Dehli]], [[Agra]]
|30-sentabr — 1-oktabr
|Davlat tashrifi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.uzdaily.com/articles-id-43274.htm|title=President of Uzbekistan plans to visit India in autumn|qaralgan sana=6-iyun 2022-yil|arxivsana=4-aprel 2018-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073731/https://www.uzdaily.com/articles-id-43274.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://tehelka.com/president-kovind-accords-ceremonial-welcome-to-uzbekistan-president-shavkat-mirziyoyev/|title=President Kovind accords ceremonial welcome to Uzbekistan President Shavkat Mirziyoyev &amp;#124; Tehelka|qaralgan sana=2022-06-06|arxivsana=2018-10-01|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001123345/http://tehelka.com/president-kovind-accords-ceremonial-welcome-to-uzbekistan-president-shavkat-mirziyoyev/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Fransiya bayrogʻi}} [[Fransiya]]
|[[Parij]]
|8-9-oktabr
|Davlat tashriif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbek-president-visits-france-in-first-trip-to-eu-country/4605848.html|title = Uzbek President Visits France in First Trip to EU Country}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Sariagʻash]]
|20-oktabr
|Ishchi tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58864 | title=Informal meeting with Nursultan Nazarabayev and Shavkat Mirziyoyev }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Sankt-Peterburg]]
|6-dekabr
|Ishchi tashrif
|}

== 2019-yil ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Hindiston bayrogʻi}} [[Hindiston]]
|[[Gujarot]]
|18-yanvar
|Ishchi tashrif
|-
|{{Germaniya bayrogʻi}} [[Germaniya]]
|[[München]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Berlin]]
|20–22-yanvar
|Davlat tashrifi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://tashkenttimes.uz/national/3025-shavkat-mirziyoyev-to-visit-germany-in-january-german-ambassador|title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev to visit Germany in January - German ambassador}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{BAA bayrogʻi}} [[BAA]]
|[[Abu-Dabi]]
|25–26 mart
|Davlat tashrifi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=https://thenational.ae/uae/government/sheikh-mohamed-receives-president-of-uzbekistan-1.841152 |title=Archived copy |access-date=31-mart 2019-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401030756/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/sheikh-mohamed-receives-president-of-uzbekistan-1.841152 |archive-date=1-aprel 2019-yil |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Xitoy bayrogʻi}} [[Xitoy]]
|[[Pekin]]
|24–27-aprel
|&quot;Bir kamar, bir yoʻl&quot; sammitida ishtirok etdi, [[Xitoy]], [[Tojikiston]], [[XVJ]] rahbarlari va [[BMT]] Bosh kotibi bilan uchrashdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.president.uz/en/lists/view/2523|title=Uzbekistan's President meets with Xi Jinping|website=President.uz|language=inglizcha|access-date=26-aprel 2019-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Qirgʻiziston bayrogʻi}} [[Qirgʻiziston]]
|[[Bishkek]]
|14–15-iyun
|SHHT sammitida ishtirok etishi rejalashtirilgan edi.
|-
|{{Tojikiston bayrogʻi}} [[Tojikiston]]
|[[Dushanbe]]
|15-iyun
|Osiyoda hamkorlik va ishonch choralari kengashi sammitida ishtirok etdi, [[Bangladesh]] va [[Turkiya]] prezidentlari bilan uchrashdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://president.uz/en/lists/view/2667|title=CICA summit in progress in Dushanbe}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Belorussiya bayrogʻi}} [[Belarus]]
|[[Minsk]]
|1-avgust&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://qazaqtimes.com/en/article/64099|title=President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to visit Belarus in August|website=qazaqtimes.com|language=inglizcha|access-date=24-iyul 2019-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://tashkenttimes.uz/national/4035-shavkat-mirziyoyev-to-visit-belarus-in-august|title=Shavkat Mirziyoyev to visit Belarus in August|last=akbaryusupov|website=tashkenttimes.uz|access-date=24-iyul 2019-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.uzbekembassy.in/shavkat-mirziyoyev-to-visit-belarus-in-august/|title = Shavkat Mirziyoyev to visit Belarus in August – uzbekembassy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Davlat tashrifi
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]]
|11-oktabr
|[[MDH]] sammitida qatnashdi, [[Turkmaniston]], [[Tojikiston]], [[Moldova]] Prezidentlari va [[Armaniston]] Bosh vaziri bilan uchrashdi.
|-
|{{Ozarbayjon bayrogʻi}} [[Ozarbayjon]]
|[[Boku]]
|14–15-oktabr
|Turkiy tilli davlatlar sammitida ishtirok etdi, [[Ozarbayjon]], [[Turkiya]] Prezidentlari, [[Vengriya]] Bosh vaziri va [[Qozogʻiston]] Birinchi Prezidenti bilan uchrashdi.
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]] 
|[[Sankt-Peterburg]]
|20-dekabr
|Ishchi tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/62376 | title=CIS informal summit }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Yaponiya bayrogʻi}} [[Yaponiya]]
|[[Tokio]]
|17–20-dekabr
|Davlat tashrifi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=arxiv nusxasi |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/26/business/uzbekistan-aiming-lure-japanese-investment-presidential-visit/#.Xf431R5Ok0M |qaralgan sana=2022-06-06 |arxivsana=2019-11-28 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128223341/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/26/business/uzbekistan-aiming-lure-japanese-investment-presidential-visit/#.Xf431R5Ok0M }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://menafn.com/1099421346/Uzbek-president-to-be-on-visit-to-Japan-from-Dec-17-20&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== 2020-yil ==
[[Fayl:2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade 007.jpg|thumb|Shavkat Mirziyoyevning [[Vladimir Putin]] bilan 2020-yil Moskvadagi Gʻalaba paradi oldidan uchrashuvi.]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Turkiya bayrogʻi}} [[Turkiya]]
|[[Anqara]]
|19–20-fevral
|Rasmiy tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=arxiv nusxasi |url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/analysis/Shavkat-Mirziyoyev-to-open-Turkish-Presidential-library.html |qaralgan sana=6-iyun 2022-yil |arxivsana=26-fevral 2020-yil |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226010618/http://vestnikkavkaza.net/analysis/Shavkat-Mirziyoyev-to-open-Turkish-Presidential-library.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Moskva]]
|24-iyun
|2020-yilgi Moskva Gʻalaba kuni paradida ishtirok etdi.&lt;ref&gt;https://tass.com/society/1171125 {{Bare URL inline|date=2022-yil may}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== 2021-yil ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]] va [[Qipchoq]]
|29-aprel
|Ish va shaxsiy tashrif. Ikki tomonlama munosabatlar muhokama qilindi, [[Saparmurat Niyozov]] maqbarasi ziyorat qilindi, otasining yaqinda vafot etgani munosabati bilan Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]]ga hamdardlik izhor qilindi. Tantanali [[iftor]] qilindi.
|-
|{{Tojikiston bayrogʻi}} [[Tojikiston]]
|[[Dushanbe]] and [[Sugʻd (viloyat)|Soʻgʻd]]
|9–10-iyun
|Rasmiy tashrif.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=По итогам визита Шавката Мирзиёева в Таджикистан намечено подписание свыше 30 документов|url=https://uzreport.news/politics/po-itogam-vizita-shavkata-mirziyoeva-v-tadjikistan-namecheno-podpisanie-svishe-30-dokument|access-date=2021-06-10|website=UzReport.news|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Turkmanboshi (shahar)|Turkmanboshi]] va [[Avaza]]
|5–6-avgust
|Ishchi tashrif. Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari rahbarlari sammitida ishtirok etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/4528 | title=Президент Узбекистана прибыл в Туркменистан }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Turkiya bayrogʻi}} [[Turkiya]]
|[[Istanbul]]
|11–13-noyabr
|Ishchi tashrif. Turkiy davlatlar tashkilotida ishtirok etgan. [[Turkiya]] va [[Qirgʻiziston]] prezidentlari bilan uchrashgan.
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Moskva]]
|19-noyabr
|Ishch tashrif.
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}} [[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]]
|28-noyabr
|Ishchi tashrif. [[Iqtisodiy hamkorlik tashkiloti]]ning 15-sammitida ishtirok etgan, [[Turkmaniston]], [[Tojikiston]], [[Pokiston]] va [[Eron]] Prezidentlari bilan uchrashdi.
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Nur-Sulton]]
|5–6-dekabr
|Davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{Janubiy Koreya bayrogʻi}} [[Janubiy Koreya]]
|[[Seul]]
|16–17-dekabr
|Davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} [[Rossiya]]
|[[Sankt-Peterburg]]
|28–29-dekabr
|Ishchi tashrif. [[MDH]]ning norasmiy sammitida ishtirok etgan.
|-
|}

== 2022-yil ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Xitoy bayrogʻi}} [[Xitoy]]
|[[Pekin]]
|4-5-fevral
|Ishchi va ommaviy tashrif. 2022-yilgi Qishki Olimpiya oʻyinlarining ochilish marosimida ishtirok etgan. 
|-
|{{Pokiston bayrogʻi}} [[Pokiston]]
|[[Islomobod]]
|3–4 mart
|Davlat tashrifi
|-
|{{BAA bayrogʻi}} [[BAA]] 
|[[Abu-Dabi]]
|15-may
|Ishchi tashrif. BAA Prezidenti, Abu Dabi amiri Shayx Xalifa bin Zoid Ol Nahayonning vafot etgani munosabati bilan ta’ziya bildirish uchun tashrif bilan ushbu mamlakatda boʻldi. BAAning yangi saylangan Prezidenti Muhammad bin Zoid Ol Nahayon va boshqa rasmiy shaxslar bilan uchrashdi.
|-
|{{Qirgʻiziston bayrogʻi}} [[Qirgʻiz Respublikasi]] 
|[[Choʻlpon-ota]]
|21-iyul
|Ishchi tashrif. Markaziy Osiyo davlatlari rahbarlarining Maslahat uchrashuvida ishtirok etish uchun ushbu mamlakatga tashrif buyuradi. Tashrif doirasida Tojikiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Emomali Rahmon bilan ushrashuv boʻldi.
|-
|{{Saudiya Arabistoni bayrogʻi}} [[Saudiya Arabistoni]]
|[[Jidda, Makka va Madina]]
|17-18-avgust
|Davlat tashrifi. Saudiya Arabistoni podshohligi Valiahd shahzoda Muhammad bin Salmon Ol Saud bilan muzokara oʻtkazdi. Uning natijalari boʻyicha Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi bilan Podshohligi oʻrtasida keng qamrovli sheriklik munosabatlarini yanada kengaytirish toʻgʻrisida Qoʻshma bayonot, shuningdek, energetika, bojxona, fuqaro aviatsiyasi, turizm, qishloq xoʻjaligi, sogʻliqni saqlash, mehnat munosabatlari sohalarida 15 ta hujjat qabul qilindi.
18-avgust kuni Islom hamkorlik tashkiloti hamda Islom taraqqiyot banki rahbarlari, saudiyalik ishbilarmonlar bilan uchrashuvlar oʻtkazildi.
Makka va Madina shaharlari ziyorati ham tashrifning alohida e’tiborli voqeasi boʻldi. Davlat rahbari Umra amallarini bajardi
|-
|{{Vengriya bayrogʻi}} 
[[Vengriya]] 
|[[Budapesht]] 
|3-4-oktyabr 
|davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{Rossiya bayrogʻi}} 
[[Rossiya Federatsiyasi]] 
|[[Sankt-Peterburg]]
|7-oktyabr
|amaliy tashrif.
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|12-14-oktyabr
|amaliy tashrif.
|-
|{{Turkmaniston bayrogʻi}}
[[Turkmaniston]]
|[[Ashxobod]]
|20-21-oktyabr
|davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{Qozogʻiston bayrogʻi}} [[Qozogʻiston]]
|[[Ostona]]
|27-oktyabr
|amaliy tashrif.
|-
|{{Fransiya bayrogʻi}}
[[Fransiya]]
|[[Parij]]
|21-22-noyabr
|amaliy tashrif.
|}

== 2023-yil ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-

|{{SIN}}
|[[Singapur]]
|17-yanvar
|Davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{flag|Qirgʻiziston}}
|[[Bishkek]]
|26-27-yanvar
|Davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{EGY}}
|[[Qohira]]
|20-21-fevral
|Davlat tashrifi. Shavkat Mirziyoyev va [[Abdulfattoh as-Sisi]] siyosiy, savdo-iqtisodiy, investitsiya, madaniyat va taʼlim sohalaridagi hamkorlikni kengaytirishga qaratilgan Qoʻshma bayonotni qabul qildi.
|-
|{{AZE}}
|[[Boku]]
|1-2-fevral
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{KAZ}}
|[[Chimkent]]
|3-mart
|Norasmiy uchrashuv
|-
|{{TUR}}
|[[Anqara]]
|15-16-mart
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{GER}}
|[[Berlin]]
|2-3-may
|Rasmiy tashrif
|-
|{{RUS}}
|[[Moskva]]
|8-9-may
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{CHN}}
|[[Sindao]]
|18-19-may
|Davlat tashrifi
|-
|{{flag|Qirgʻiziston}}
|[[Choʻlponota]]
|2-iyun
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{TUR}}
|[[Anqara]]
|3-iyun
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{ITA}}
|[[Rim]] [[Milan]]
|7-9-iyun
|Rasmiy tashrif
|-
|{{IRN}}
|[[Tehron]]
|18-iyun
|Rasmiy tashrif
|-
|{{SAU}}
|[[Jidda]] [[Makka]]
|18-20-avgust
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{TJK}}
|[[Dushanbe]]
|14-15-sentyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{USA}}
|[[Nyu-York]]
|19-20-sentyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{GER}}
|[[Berlin]]
|28-30-sentyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{QAT}}
|[[Doha]]
|1-2-oktyabr
|Davlat tashrifi
|-
|{{flag|Qirgʻiziston}}
|[[Bishkek]]
|13-oktyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{RUS}}
|[[Moskva]] [[Qozon]]
|5-7-oktyabr
|Rasmiy tashrif
|-
|{{CHN}}
|[[Pekin]]
|17-18-oktyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{KAZ}}
|[[Ostona]]
|2-3-noyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{AZE}}
|[[Boku]]
|23-24-noyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|{{ARE}}
|[[Dubay]]
|30-noyabr—2-dekabr
|Amaliy tashrif; [[Malayziya]] Shohi, [[Hindiston]] Bosh vaziri, [[Indoneziya]], [[Mongoliya]] va [[Turkiya]] Prezidentlar bilan uchrashuv oʻtkazildi
|-
|{{RUS}}
|[[Sankt-Peterburg]]
|25-26-noyabr
|Amaliy tashrif
|-
|}
== 2024-yil ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyurilgan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-

|{{CHN}}
|[[Pekin]]
|23-25-yanvar
|Davlat tashrifi.
|}

== Kelgusi tashriflar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto&quot;
! width=&quot;120&quot; |Davlat
! width=&quot;100&quot; |Tashrif buyuriladigan hududlar
! width=&quot;90&quot; |Sanalar
! width=&quot;550&quot; |Izoh
|-
|{{Yevropa Ittifoqi bayrogʻi}} [[Yevropa Ittifoqi]]
|[[Bryussel]]
|2023-yil
|Rasmiy tashrif&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://kun.uz/ru/news/2021/11/18/prezident-uzbekistana-posetit-s-vizitom-belgiyu | title=Президент Узбекистана посетит с визитом Бельгию }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.podrobno.uz/cat/politic/mirziyeev-v-budushchem-godu-otpravitsya-s-vizitom-v-bryussel-uzbekistan-planiruet-podpisat-soglashen/ | title=Мирзиёев в будущем году отправится с визитом в Брюссель. Узбекистан планирует подписать соглашение о расширенном партнерстве с ЕС | qaralgan sana=2022-06-06 | arxivsana=2022-08-17 | arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817193333/https://podrobno.uz/cat/politic/mirziyeev-v-budushchem-godu-otpravitsya-s-vizitom-v-bryussel-uzbekistan-planiruet-podpisat-soglashen/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Bangladesh bayrogʻi}} [[Bangladesh]]
|[[Dakka]]
|2022-yil yoki 2023-yil
|Davlat tashrifi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://nova24.uz/news/shavkat-mirziyoev-prinyal-ministr-inostrannyx-del-bangladesh/ | title=Шавкат Мирзиёев провёл переговоры с делегацией из Бангладеш – Новости Узбекистана – NOVA24.UZ | date=17-iyul 2021-yil }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Misr bayrogʻi}} [[Misr]]
|[[Qohira]] va ehtimol [[Giza]]
|2022-yil yoki 2023-yil
|Davlat tashrifi.
|-
|{{Eron bayrogʻi}} [[Eron]]
|[[Tehron]] va ehtimol boshqa shaharlar
|2023-yil sentabr
|Ishchi ([[Shanxay hamkorlik tashkiloti|SHHT]] sammiti) va ehtimoliy davlat tashrifi
|-
|{{Uganda bayrogʻi}} [[Uganda]]
|[[Kampala]]
|2023-yil kuzi yoki dekabr
|Ehtimoliy ishchi tashrifi. [[Qo'shilmaslik harakati]] sammitida ishtirok.
|-
|{{Qirgʻiziston bayrogʻi}} [[Qirgʻiz Respublikasi]]
|[[Bishkek]]
|2023-yil
|Davlat tashrifi. 
|-
|{{Belgiya bayrogʻi}} [[Belgiya]]
|[[Bryussel]]
|2023-yil 
|Amaliy tashrif.
|}

== Tashriflar soni ==
[[Fayl:Map of the international presidential trips made by Shavkat Mirziyoyev.jpg|right|thumb|550px|2022-yil aprel]]
''2023-yil 24-yanvar holatiga koʻra.''
{| class=&quot;standard sortable&quot; style=&quot;float:center; margin:2ex 0 2ex 2ex;&quot;
|-
! Davlat
! Tashrif soni
|-
| {{RUS}} 
| 11
|-
| {{KAZ}} 
| 11
|-
| {{TKM}} 
| 9
|-
| {{CHN}} 
| 5
|-
| {{TJK}}
| 4
|-
| {{KGZ}} 
| 5
|-
| {{TUR}} 
| 3
|-
| {{IND}}
| 2
|-
|{{KOR}}
| 2
|-
| {{USA}} 
| 2
|-
|{{AZE}}
| 1
|-
|{{BLR}}
| 1
|-
|{{FRA}}
| 2
|-
|{{GER}}
| 2
|-
|{{JPN}}
| 1
|-
|{{PAK}}
| 1
|-
| {{KSA}} 
| 2
|-
|{{UAE}}
| 2
|-
|{{HUN}}
| 1
|-
|{{SGP}}
|1
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]</text>
      <sha1>36do8rnis5usm8999vlal64a8217y11</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Internet firibgarligi</title>
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      <text bytes="20016" sha1="3n8kx9qfg2ui99w5x4pbabzmb52b83z" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayl:Nina_Kollars_-_Confessions_of_an_Nespresso_Money_Mule_-_DEF_CON_27_Conference.webm|thumb|[[Harbiy dengiz kolleji]] xodimi Nina Kollars [[eBay]]'da xarid qilish paytida aniqlangan [[Internet]] firibgarligi sxemasini tushuntirmoqda. (video ingliz tilida)]]
'''Internetdagi firibgarlik''' — [[Internet]] orqali insonlarga tegishli pul, qimmatbaho narsalar va [[meros]] kabi [[shaxsiy mulk]]larini oʻgʻirlash, oʻmarish, talom-toroj qilish maqsadida tashkillashtiriluvchi [[Kiberjinoyat|kiberjinoy]] [[Tovlamachilik|firibgarlik]], aldov turlaridan biri&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ED9XDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=internet+fraud+definition&amp;pg=PT1125|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of the Internet|last=Warf|first=Barney|date=2018-05-16|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781526450432|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Internet firibgarligi yagona, oʻziga xos jinoyat hisoblanmaydi, biroq [[kibermakon]]da sodir etiladigan bir qator noqonuniy harakatlarni oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Firibgarlikning ushbu turi [[o'g'irlik]] jinoyatidan farq qiladi. Chunki bu holatda jabrlanuvchi ongli ravishda firibgarga shaxsiy maʼlumoti, pul yoki mol-mulkidan foydalanish ixtiyorini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p31MCAAAQBAJ&amp;q=internet+fraud+different+theft+voluntary&amp;pg=PT33|title=Cyberthreats: The Emerging Fault Lines of the Nation State|last=Brenner|first=Susan W.|date=2009-01-16|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190452568|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|title=Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention|last=Fisher|first=Bonnie S.|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2010|isbn=9781412960472|location=Thousand Oaks, CA|pages=493}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari [[Federal Qidiruv Byurosi|FQB]]sining 2017-yildagi [[onlayn]] jinoyatlar toʻgʻrisidagi hisobotiga koʻra, Internetdagi jinoyatlar boʻyicha shikoyat markaziga (IC3) 300 000ga yaqin shikoyat kelib tushgan. Jabrlanuvchilar 2017-yilda onlayn firibgarlik tufayli 1,4 milliard dollardan koʻproq zarar koʻrishgan&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI 2017 ICR&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=FBI 2017 Internet Crime Report|url=https://pdf.ic3.gov/2017_IC3Report.pdf|ish=FBI.gov|nashriyot=Federal Bureau of Investigation|kirish sanasi=28 August 2018|sana=May 7, 2018|qaralgan sana=2022-06-05|arxivsana=2021-01-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129005656/https://pdf.ic3.gov/2017_IC3Report.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Strategik va xalqaro tadqiqotlar markazi (CSIS) va [[McAfee]] tomonidan oʻtkazilgan tadqiqotga koʻra, kiberjinoyatlar jahon iqtisodiyotiga 600 milliard dollarga tushgan. Bu umumiy global [[Yalpi ichki mahsulot|yalpi ichki mahsulotning]] 0,8 foizini tashkil qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/executive-summaries/es-economic-impact-cybercrime.pdf|sarlavha=The Economic Impact of Cybercrime— No Slowing Down|sana=2018|ish=McAfee|kirish sanasi=October 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Onlayn firibgarlik koʻp shakllarda, elektron pochta spamerligidan tortib hijakinggacha, namoyon boʻladi. Onlayn firibgarlik, qisman, Internet xizmatlaridan foydalanishga asoslangan.

== Xayriya firibgarligi ==
Firibgar oʻzini [[tabiiy ofat]], [[terakt]] (masalan, [[2001-yil 11-sentabr terror xurujlari|11-sentabr xuruji]]), mintaqaviy mojaro yoki [[epidemiya]] qurbonlariga yordam soʻrab chiqqan [[xayriya tashkiloti]] sifatida namoyon qiladi. [[Katrina to'foni]] va 2004-yildagi tsunami [[Xayriya firibgarligi|xayriya firibgarlik]]larini amalga oshiruvchi firibgarlarning mashhur nishoni boʻlgan. Boshqa soxta xayriya tashkilotlari [[Saraton (kasallik)|saraton]], [[Orttirilgan immun tanqisligi sindromi|OITS]] yoki [[Ebola gemorragik isitmasi|Ebola virusi]]ni tadqiq qilish, bolalar uylari (firibgar oʻzini bolalar uyida yoki u bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan notijorat tashkilotda ishlaydigan shaxsdek tutadi.), [[Qizil Xoch]] va [[Amerika birdamlik yo'li]] kabi xayriya tashkilotlari uchun pul yigʻishni maqsad qilib olganlar qiyofasida namoyon boʻlishadi. Soʻnggi yillarda xayriya ishlarini boshlagan odamlar niqobi ostida firibgarlik qilish holatlari koʻp uchramoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|last=Goel|first1=Rajeev K.|date=2020|title=Uncharitable Acts in Charity: Socioeconomic Drivers of Charity-Related Fraud|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ssqu.12794|journal=Social Science Quarterly|language=en|volume=101|issue=4|pages=1397–1412|doi=10.1111/ssqu.12794|issn=1540-6237}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bunga [[Long Island xayriya tashkiloti|Long Island]] xayriya tashkiloti rahbari [[Wafa Abbound]] misol boʻla oʻladi. Abbound million dollarga yaqin pul oʻgʻirlashda aybdor deb toilgan hamda [[bank firibgarligi]], [[pul yuvish]] va oʻzlashtirishda ayblangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Burke|ism=Cathy|sarlavha=L.I. charity chief convicted of embezzling nearly 7 million meant for disabled|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-long-island-charity-embezzle-scheme-convicted-20190710-bu6y4kvlpzbabgus55aqgbm3j4-story.html|kirish sanasi=2021-04-22|ish=nydailynews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Firibgarlar foydalanadigan koʻplab usullar mavjud. Birinchidan, ular odamlardan yordam uchun xayriya qilishni soʻrashadi, koʻpincha onlayn yangiliklarda shu haqda maqolalar joylashtirishadi va ularni mablagʻ jalb qilishga koʻmaklashuvchi soxta hikoyalar bilan mustahkamlashadi. Firibgarning qurbonlari ehson qiluvchi odamlar boʻlib, ular munosib ishda yordam berayotganiga ishonadilar va buning evaziga hech narsa kutmaydilar. Yuborilgandan soʻng, pul ham va firibgar ham tezda koʻzdan gʻoyib boʻlishadi. Jabrlanuvchi baʼzan daromad soligʻidan taxminiy xayr-ehsonlarini chegirib tashlaganidan keyin oʻzini huquqiy muammoga duchor qilishi mumkin. Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari [[soliq]] qonunchiligida aytilishicha, qilngan xayriyalar faqat nyfyzli notijorat tashkilotlarga qilingan taqdirda chegirib tashlanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p526.pdf|sarlavha=Charitable Contributions: For use in preparing 2016 Returns}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Firibgar jabrlanuvchiga qilayotgan ehsoni chegirib tashlanishi mumkinligini aytishi va xayriyaning barcha kerakli dalillarini taqdim etishi mumkin, ammo firibgar tomonidan taqdim etilgan maʼlumotlar soxtadir va agar tekshirilsa, firibgarlik natijasida jabrlanuvchi qattiq jazoga tortiladi. Garchi ushbu firibgarliklar, ayniqsa, katta ofatdan keyin eng yuqori muvaffaqiyat koʻrsatkichlariga ega boʻlsa va butun dunyo boʻylab firibgarlar tomonidan qoʻllanilsa-da, jabrlanuvchining oʻrtacha yoʻqotishi boshqa firibgarlik sxemalariga qaraganda kamroq. Buning sababi shundaki, koʻp kutilgan toʻlovni oʻz ichiga olgan firibgarliklardan farqli oʻlaroq, jabrlanuvchi ehson qilish qarz olish ehtimoli kamroq&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.scamwatch.gov.au/types-of-scams/unexpected-money/nigerian-scams|sarlavha=Scam Watch - Nigerian Scams|nashriyot=Scam Watch - Australian Government|sana=12 May 2016|qaralgan sana=2022-06-05|arxivsana=2021-03-08|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308051411/https://www.scamwatch.gov.au/types-of-scams/unexpected-money/nigerian-scams}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Onlayn chipta firibgarligi ==
Internet-marketing firibgarligining oʻziga xosligi kontsertlar, shoular va sport tadbirlari kabi izlanayotgan tadbirlarga chiptalarni taklif qilishidir. Chiptalar soxta yoki hech qachon yetkazilmaydi. Onlayn chipta agentliklarining koʻpayishi tajribali va insofsiz [[Chipta qogʻozi|chipta]] sotuvchilarning mavjudligi bunday firibgarlikni kuchaytiradi. Koʻpgina bunday firibgarliklar [[Birlashgan Qirollik|Britaniya]] chipta agentliklari tomonidan boshqariladi, ammo ular boshqa mamlakatlarda oʻz operatsiyalarini asoslashi mumkin&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Jamie Doward |date=2008-03-09 |title=How boom in rogue ticket websites fleeces Britons |work=The Observer |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/mar/09/olympicgames2008.internet |access-date=9-mart 2008-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

AQShda roʻyxatdan oʻtgan „Xclusive Leisure and Hospitality“ tomonidan boshqariladigan [[2008-yilgi Yozgi Olimpiada oʻyinlari|2008-yilgi Pekin Olimpiadasi oʻyinlari]] chiptalarining „Pekin 2008 chiptalari“ nomi bilan professional tarzda ishlab chiqilgan veb-sayt orqali sotilgani bunga yorqin misol boʻladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.sports-city.org/news_details.php?news_id=5066&amp;idCategory=1|sarlavha=USOC and IOC file lawsuit against fraudulent ticket seller|ish=Sports City|kirish sanasi=1 August 2008|arxivsana=2014-02-04|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204090216/http://www.sports-city.org/news_details.php/?news_id=5066&amp;idCategory=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 4-avgust kuni veb-sayt orqali 50 million Avstraliya dollaridan ortiq soxta chiptalar sotilgani xabar qilingan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Jacquelin Magnay |date=4-avgust 2008-yil |title=Ticket swindle leaves trail of losers |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/latest-news/ticket-swindle-leaves-trail-of-losers/2008/08/03/1217701854125.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 6-avgust kuni maʼlum boʻlishicha, butunlay Xitoydan tashqarida joylashgan firibgarlik ortidagi shaxs Britaniyalik [[Terans Shepherd]] ismli shaxs boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Kelly Burke |date=6-avgust 2008-yil |title=British fraud ran Beijing ticket scam |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/off-the-field/olympic-ticket-scammer-unmasked/2008/08/05/1217702042881.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Onlayn sovgʻa kartasi firibgarligi ==
Chakana sotuvchilar va boshqa korxonalar oʻgʻirlangan kredit karta raqamlari bilan sotib olingan gift kartalardan foydalanishning oldini olish borasida nima qilish mumkinligi haqida tashvishlanayotganligi paytda, kiber jinoyatchilar soʻnggi paytlarda gift kartalardan foydalanishga eʼtibor qaratishmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.csoonline.com/article/3196035/fraud/what-not-to-get-mom-for-mother-s-day.html|sarlavha=What not to get Mom for Mother's Day|muallif=Francis|ism=Ryan|sana=2017-05-11|ish=CSO from IDG|kirish sanasi=2017-11-28|qaralgan sana=2022-06-05|arxivsana=2017-12-01|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201082210/https://www.csoonline.com/article/3196035/fraud/what-not-to-get-mom-for-mother-s-day.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Xakerlar, oʻgʻirlangan, lekin pul yechilmagan kartalarga tegishli maʼlumotlarni olishga harakat qilishgan. Gift karta maʼlumotlarini oʻgʻirlash usullaridan baʼzilari ularni saqlaydigan [[chakana savdo]] tizimlariga kuchli hujumlarni amalga oshiradigan avtomatlashtirilgan botlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Birinchidan, xakerlar gift karta maʼlumotlarini oʻgʻirlaydilar, chakana sotuvchining onlayn xizmati orqali mavjud balansni tekshiradilar va keyin bu mablagʻlarni tovarlarni sotib olish yoki uchinchi tomon veb-saytida qayta sotish uchun ishlatishga harakat qiladilar. Sovgʻa kartalari qayta sotilgan hollarda, tajovuzkorlar qolgan mablagʻni naqd pulda olishadi, bu [[pul yuvish]] usuli sifatida ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Bu xaridorning gift karta tajribasiga, chakana sotuvchining brend idrokiga zarar yetkazadi va unga yirik miqdorda zarar keltirishi mumkin. Gift kartalarini firibgarlik qilishning yana bir usuli — yangi gift kartalarini sotib olish uchun odamning kredit karta maʼlumotlarini oʻgʻirlash.

== Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar va firibgarlik ==
Odamlar [[ijtimoiy tarmoq]] profillarida oʻzlari haqida koʻproq shaxsiy maʼlumotlarni (masalan, tugʻilgan kun, elektron pochta, manzil, tugʻilgan shahar va munosabatlar holati) oshkor qilishga moyildirlar&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|last=Hew|first1=Khe Foon|title=Students' and teachers' use of Facebook|journal=Computers in Human Behavior|date=March 2011|volume=27|issue=2|pages=662–676|doi=10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.020}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shaxsning aniqlash mumkin boʻlgan maʼlumotlari firibgarlar tomonidan foydalanuvchilarning shaxsiy maʼlumotlarini oʻgʻirlash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin va bu maʼlumotni ijtimoiy tarmoqlarga joylashtirish firibgarlar uchun uni nazorat qilishni ancha osonlashtiradi.

Onlayn sharhlardagi haqiqiylik muammosi uzoq vaqtdan beri davom etayotgan va naxsli muammodir. 2004-yilda sodir boʻlgan mashhur voqealardan birida Amazonning Kanadadagi sayti tasodifan AQShdagi ilgari anonim boʻlgan minglab kitob sharhlovchilarining haqiqiy shaxsini oshkor qilib yuboradi. Anonimlikdan maqsad shunda ediki, koʻplab mualliflar oʻz kitoblariga ijobiy baho olish uchun soxta ismlardan foydalanishgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Kugler&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|last=Kugler|first1=Logan|title=Keeping online reviews honest|journal=Communications of the ACM|date=27-oktabr 2014-yil|volume=57|issue=11|pages=20–23|doi=10.1145/2667111}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, 72 % ijobiy sharhlar ularni biznesga koʻproq ishonishga undaydi, 88 % esa „toʻgʻri sharoitlarda“ shaxsiy tavsiyalar kabi onlayn sharhlarga ham ishonishini aytishadi&lt;ref name=&quot;Kugler&quot; /&gt;.

Firibgarlar jinoiy faoliyatni amalga oshirish uchun ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning kuchidan tobora koʻproq foydalanayotgan boʻlsa-da, aqlli xavf menejerlari va ularning sugʻurta kompaniyalari sugʻurta firibgarligiga qarshi kurashish vositasi sifatida ijtimoiy media maʼlumotlaridan foydalanish yoʻllarini topmoqdalar&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilson&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|last=Wilson|first1=Brian|title=Using Social Media to Fight Fraud|journal=Risk Management|place=New York|volume=64|issue=2|date=Mar 2017|pages=10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Mahalliy politsiya maʼlumotlariga koʻra, Buyuk Britaniyalik bir ayolni „[[ishqiy firibgarlik]]“ bilan aldashadi. Xabar qilinishicha, 50 yoshlardagi ayol ota-onasidan olingan 320 ming funt sterling miqdoridagi merosidan mahrum boʻlgan, ular keyinchalik yoʻqotishdan keyin undan voz kechgan. Tim ismi ostida oʻzini namoyon qilgan jinoyatchi 2019-yilda turmush oʻrtogʻini yoʻqotganidan soʻng, jabrlanuvchi bilan tanishuv veb-saytida uchrashgan. U avvaliga bojxona toʻlovlari nomidan 68 ming funt sterling olAdi, soʻngra undan pudratchilarni himoya qilish va jihozlarini saqlash uchun tarjimoniga toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri 200 ming funt sterling toʻlashini soʻradi, jami yoʻqotilgan summa 320 ming funt sterlingni tashkil qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-somerset-54613937|sarlavha=Woman loses £320,000 in 'romance fraud' scam|kirish sanasi=20 October 2020|ish=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Soxta pochta joʻnatmalari ==
AQSH FQBsi maʼlumotlariga koʻra, 2005-yil 26-aprelda kichik Tom Zeller ''[[The New York Times|The New York Times gazetasida]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;frd-time&quot;&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Tom Zeller Jr |date=26-aprel 2005-yil |title=A Common Currency for Online Fraud: Forgers of U.S. Postal Money Orders Grow |work=New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907EED81231F935A15757C0A9639C8B63&amp;n=...&amp;smid=pl-share}}&lt;/ref&gt; AQSh pochta joʻnatmalarini qalbakilashtirish miqdori va sifatining oshishi va undan onlayn firibgarlik uchun foydalanish haqida maqola yozgan. Soxta pul sotuvchilar bu firibgarliklarni elektron pochta yoki chat xonalari orqali amalga oshiradilar. Agar biror kishi oʻz narsasini sotishga yoki berishga harakat qilsa, qalbaki pul sotuvchilar ularni [[eBay]] kabi auktsion saytlari bilan bogʻliqligiga ishontirishadi. Hozircha bu soxta buyurtmalar orqali qancha pul olinayotganini aniqlashning imkoni yoʻq, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari pochta xizmati bu millionlab deb hisoblaydi. Eng koʻp maqsadli odamlar — bu internet orqali ishlaydigan kichik chakana sotuvchilar yoki Internetda narsalarni sotadigan yoki toʻlaydigan oddiy odamlar. Qoidalarning yoʻqligi yoki qalbaki pul sotuvchilari haqida ogohlantiruvchi belgilarning yoʻqligi tufayli koʻproq odamlar zarar koʻradi.

[[UPS]] va [[Federal Express]] kabi koʻplab kompaniyalar pul joʻnatmalarini nazorat qilishni boshlash uchun [[AQSH|Qoʻshma Shtatlar]] pochta xizmati bilan hamkorlik qilishni boshladilar. Shunday qilib, ular haqiqiyni soxtadan farqlay oladilar, ammo buni aytish osonroq, shuning uchun ular foydalanuvchilarni pochta orqali pul oʻtkazishda ehtiyot boʻlishga chaqiradilar. Hibsga olishlar boʻlib oʻtdi, 2004-yildan 2005-yilgacha 160 ta qalbaki pul sotuvchisi qoʻlga olindi. Ushbu hibsga olinganlarning koʻpchiligi oʻgʻirlangan pullarni naqd qilish jarayonida qoʻlga olingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sana=2017-09-07|sarlavha=Counterfeit Money Orders: The Ultimate Guide|url=https://www.fraudguides.com/internet/counterfeit-money-orders/|kirish sanasi=2021-04-22|ish=Fraud Guides|til=en-US|qaralgan sana=2022-06-05|arxivsana=2021-04-22|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422090702/https://www.fraudguides.com/internet/counterfeit-money-orders/}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarida]] qalbaki pochta joʻnatmalarini yasaganlik yoki undan foydalanganlik uchun jazo oʻn yilgacha qamoq va/yoki 25 000 AQSh dollari miqdorida jarimaga tortiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.cybercops.com/counterfeit_postal_money_orders.php|sarlavha=CyberCops.com - Counterfeit Postal Money Orders|ish=www.cybercops.com|kirish sanasi=23 May 2017|arxivsana=2020-08-09|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809173217/https://cybercops.com/counterfeit_postal_money_orders.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Sotib olishda firibgarlik ==
Firibgar mavjud boʻlmagan tovarlar yoki xizmatlarni [[reklama]] qilish uchun [[Butunjahon oʻrgimchak toʻri|World Wide]] Webdan foydalanadi. Toʻlov masofadan yuboriladi, lekin tovarlar yoki xizmatlar hech qachon kelmaydi. Ushbu firibgarlar qoʻllaydigan usullar shundaki, ular ushbu soxta mahsulotlarga juda past narxlarni berishadi, ular [[elektron pul]] oʻtkazmalari orqali toʻlovlarni amalga oshirishni xohlashadi va ular buni darhol qilishni soʻrashadi. Toʻlovlar [[PayPal]] yoki [[kredit kartala]]ri orqali amalga oshirilmaydi. Ushbu xizmatlar juda xavfsiz va firibgarlar uchun muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi. Bu usullarning barchasi, shuningdek, bu firibgarlik yoki yoʻqligini aniqlash usullaridir. Firibgarlikni aniqlashning yana bir usuli — maxfiylik va aloqa maʼlumotlari, yetkazib berish haqidagi maʼlumotlar, shartlar va boshqalar taqdim etilmaydi. Firibgarlar soxta doʻkonlardan foydalanadilar. Firibgarlar ishlaydigan bu soxta doʻkonlar ularni ijtimoiy tarmoqlar orqali tarqatilinadi. Bu, birinchi navbatda, ijtimoiy tarmoqlardan foydalanadigan koʻplab odamlar borligi va ularning soni kundan-kunga oʻsib borayotganligi sababli amalga oshiriladi. Ushbu doʻkonlar uzoq vaqt davomida ishlamaydi. Ular faqat bir nechta sotuvlar uchun qoladi, keyin ular harakat qilishadi va saytni yopishadi. Odatda, bu soxta doʻkonlarni aniqlashning yoʻli onlayn sharhlarni izlashdir, agar ularda sharhlar boʻlmasa, ular soxta&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Online Shopping Scams / Scams and Fraud / Consumer Resources / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture &amp; Consumer Services|url=https://www.fdacs.gov/Consumer-Resources/Scams-and-Fraud/Online-Shopping-Scams|kirish sanasi=2021-04-22|ish=www.fdacs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shuningdek qarang: ==
{{Columns-list|* [[Avans to'lovi firibgarligi]]
* [[Biznes manfaatlar suiste'molligi]]
* [[Karding]]
* [[Kredit karta firibgarligi]]
* [[Elektron pochta firibgarligi]]
* [[Ish bilan bog'liq firibgarliklar]]
* [[FBR]]
* [[Forex firibgarligi]]
* [[Firibgarlik]]
* [[Hijak qilingan jurnallar]]
* [[Pochta va o'tkazmalar firibgarligi]]
* [[Onlayn dorixona]]
* [[Farmasevtika]]
* [[Ishqiy firibgarlik]]
* [[Kasal chaqaloq firibgarligi]]|colwidth=22em}}

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar|30em}}

== Adabiyotlar ==

* {{jurnal manbasi|id=|last=Legend|first1=Therza|title=CYBER FRAUD: How to be aware, to protect yourself and your business|journal=Podiatry Review|date=1-yanvar 2018-yil|volume=75|issue=1|pages=32–34|seperator=}}
* {{jurnal manbasi|last=Lin|first1=Kan-Min|title=Understanding undergraduates' problems from determinants of Facebook continuance intention|journal=Behaviour &amp; Information Technology|date=September 2016|volume=35|issue=9|pages=693–705|doi=10.1080/0144929X.2016.1177114}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Curlie|Society/Issues/Fraud/Internet}}
[[Turkum:Internet firibgarligi]]
[[Turkum:Internet]]
[[Turkum:Internet terminologiyasi]]
[[Turkum:Jinoyatlar]]</text>
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{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                   = Qalandar Xodjaevich Abdurahmonov
| tasvir                 = Abdurakhmanov K..jpg
| tavallud_sanasi        = {{Tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1946|2|2}}
| tavallud_joyi          = {{TavalludJoyi|Qashqadaryo}} viloyati, [[OʻzSSR]], [[SSSR]]
| fuqaroligi             = {{SSSR}} {{UZB}}
| ilmiy_darajasi = iqtisodiyot fanlari doktori
| ilmiy_unvoni = akademik
| mukofotlari = [[File:Dustlik rib.png|Doʻstlik ordeni|40px]] [[File:Orden of Friendship.png|Doʻstlik ordeni (Rossiya)|40px]] [[File:Medal Pushkin rib.png|Pushkin medali|40px]]
}}
'''Qalandar Xodjaevich Abdurahmonov''' ([[1946|1946-yil]] [[2-fevral]], [[Qashqadaryo viloyati]], [[Oʻzbekiston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — oʻzbek iqtisodchisi, iqtisod fanlari doktori, [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi]] va qator xalqaro fanlar akademiyalarining akademigi, Toshkentdadagi G. V. Plexanov nomli PRUE filiali direktori, ayni vaqtda [[Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti]] Mehnat iqtisodiyoti va sotsiologiyasi kafedrasi professori. [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining faxriy unvonlari|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xizmat koʻrsatgan xalq taʼlimi xodimi]] (1992-yil)&lt;ref name=&quot;acad&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.academy.uz/ru/academics/members |sarlavha=Действительные члены АН РУз |nashriyot=www.academy.uz |qaralgan sana=2019-11-01 |arxivsana=2021-01-13 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113121153/http://www.academy.uz/ru/academics/members}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=О ВУЗе |url=http://reu.uz/about_the_university/detail.php%3FID%3D174 |website=reu.uz |accessdate=16-iyul 2024-yil |arxivsana=2019-08-27 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827121020/http://reu.uz/about_the_university/detail.php%3FID%3D174 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimai holi ==
Moskva xalq xoʻjaligi institutini imtiyozli diplom bilan yakunlagan. Oʻsha yili G. V. Plexanov instituti tomonidan maqsadli aspiranturaga qabul qilindi. „Ilmiy-texnika taraqqiyoti sharoitida malakali kadrlar tayyorlash“ mavzusida nomzodlik dissertatsiyasini ajoyib himoya qilgan.

* 1995-yildan hozirgacha — Toshkent shahridagi G. V. Plexanov nomidagi Rossiya iqtisodiyot universiteti filiali direktori.

* 1993—1995-yillar — [[O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Kambag‘allikni qisqartirish va bandlik vazirligi|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Mehnat vazirligi]] huzuridagi Mehnat, bandlik va aholini ijtimoiy muhofaza qilish muammolarini oʻrganish Respublika ilmiy markazi direktori.
* 1991—1993-yillar — [[Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti]] prorektori.
* 1986—1991-yillar — Toshkent xalq xoʻjaligi instituti kafedra mudiri.
* 1978—1986-yillar — Toshkent xalq xoʻjaligi instituti dekan muovini va ayni vaqtda kafedra dotsenti.
* 1973—1978-yillar — Toshkent xalq xoʻjaligi instituti kafedrasi oʻqituvchisi.

== Ijtimoiy faoliyati ==
* „Oʻzbekiston — Rossiya“ doʻstlik jamiyati raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari
* „Oʻzbekiston — AQSh“ doʻstlik jamiyati Prezidiumi aʼzosi
* Ilmiy kengash raisi DSC.28.12.2017. I. 16. 02 Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universitetida ilmiy daraja berish toʻgʻrisida
* Rossiya Federatsiyasining „Ekonomika truda“ jurnali, Rossiya Federatsiyasining „Nails I praktka“, Rossiya Federatsiyasining „Ekanomika firmi“, „Biznes-ekspert“ Respublika jurnali tahririyati aʼzosi, Respublika „Oʻzbekiston iqtisodiyoti xabarchisi“ jurnali, „Iqtisodiyot va moliya“ Respublika gazetalarida faoliyat yuritgan.

== Monografiyalari (2013—2018) ==
* Oʻzbekiston innovatsion rivojlanish yoʻlida / Mualliflar jamoasi, tahrir. ed. Iqtisodiyot fanlari doktori, akademik Q. X. Abdurahmonov: Monografiya. — T.: ODKB Toshkent filiali. G. V. Plexanova, 2018.— 136 b.
* Iqtisodiyot va taʼlimning yangi tendentsiyalari (ikkinchi nashri). Kafedralar ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlari boʻyicha Strategik rejaning II bosqichi yakunlari: Monografiya.— T.: ADPU Toshkent filiali. G. V. Plexanova, 2017. — 176 b.

* Oʻzbekiston: strategik yoʻnalishlar va rivojlanish istiqbollari / Mualliflar jamoasi, umumiy. ed. Iqtisodiyot fanlari doktori, professor Q. X. Abdurahmonov: Monografiya. — T.: G. V. Plexanova nomidagi Rossiya iqtisodiyot universitetining Toshkent filiali. 2017. — 262 b.
* Q. X. Abdurahmonov. (Kollektiv muallif) Iqtisodiyot va taʼlimdagi yangi tendentsiyalar (ikkinchi nashr). Kafedralar ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlarining Strategik rejasining I bosqichi natijalari: Monografiya. — T.: G. V. Plexanov nomidagi Rossiya iqtisodiyot universitetining Toshkent filiali. 2016. — 185 b.
*

== Mukofotlari ==
* [[Doʻstlik ordeni]] ([[2020|2020-yil]] [[27-avgust]]'') — xalqimizning ilmiy, intellektual va maʼnaviy salohiyatini yuksaltirish, taʼlim, madaniyat, adabiyot, sanʼat, jismoniy tarbiya va sportni rivojlantirishdagi alohida xizmatlari, mustaqillikni mustahkamlashga qoʻshgan munosib hissasi, Vatan ravnaqi, mamlakatimizda tinchlik va ijtimoiy-maʼnaviy barqarorlikni taʼminlash, koʻp yillik samarali ijtimoiy faoliyati uchun''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://uza.uz/ru/documents/o-nagrazhdenii-v-svyazi-s-dvadtsatidevyatiletiem-nezavisimos-27-08-2020 |sarlavha=Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан от 27 августа 2020 года «О награждении в связи с двадцатидевятилетием независимости Республики Узбекистан группы работников сфер науки, образования, литературы, культуры, искусства и средств массовой информации» |qaralgan sana=2020-08-27 |arxivsana=2020-09-01 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901174934/http://uza.uz/ru/documents/o-nagrazhdenii-v-svyazi-s-dvadtsatidevyatiletiem-nezavisimos-27-08-2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Doʻstlik ordeni (Rossiya)|Doʻstlik ordeni]] ([[2015|2015-yil]] [[28-iyul]], [[Rossiya]]) —''Rossiya Federatsiyasi bilan doʻstlik va hamkorlikni mustahkamlash, savdo-iqtisodiy aloqalarni rivojlantirish, chet elda rus tili va madaniyatini saqlash va ommalashtirishga qoʻshgan katta hissasi uchun''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201507280024?index=0&amp;rangeSize=1 |sarlavha=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 28 июля 2015 года № 385 «О награждении государственными наградами Российской Федерации» |qaralgan sana=2020-03-25 |arxivsana=2020-06-06 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606171031/http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201507280024?index=0&amp;rangeSize=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Pushkin medali]] ([[2008|2008-yil]] [[28-fevral]], [[Rossiya]]) — ''rus tilini targʻib qilish, oʻrganish va madaniy merosni saqlash, xalqlar va elatlar madaniyatini yaqinlashtirish va oʻzaro boyitishga qoʻshgan katta hissasi uchun''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/26964 |sarlavha=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 28 февраля 2008 года № 261 «О награждении медалью Пушкина иностранных граждан» |qaralgan sana=2020-03-25 |arxivsana=2019-05-28 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528133634/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/26964}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining faxriy unvonlari|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xizmat koʻrsatgan xalq taʼlimi xodimi]] ([[1992|1992-yil]] [[8-yanvar]]) — ''koʻp yillik vijdonan mehnati, taraqqiyot, ilm-fanga qoʻshgan hissasi, xalq xoʻjaligining yuqori malakali mutaxassislarini tayyorlash va jamiyat hayotidagi faol ishtiroki uchun''&lt;ref&gt;[https://lex.uz/ru/docs/2395063 Ukaz Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistan ot 8 yanvarya 1992 goda № UP-315 „	O nagrajdenii rabotnikov Tashkentskix gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta i finansovogo instituta“]&lt;/ref&gt;.
* „Lomonosov ordeni“ jamoat mukofoti (2008).
* Rossiya Tabiiy fanlar akademiyasining „Orden orla“ faxriy nishoni (2006).
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Oliy kasb-hunar taʼlimining faxriy xodimi (2006).
* „Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasining 25 yilligi“ koʻkrak nishoni (2017).
* „Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligining 25 yilligi“ koʻkrak nishoni (2016).
* „Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligining 15 yilligi“ koʻkrak nishoni (2006).
* Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi oliy taʼlim aʼlochisi (2000).

== Ilmiy unvonlari ==
* [[Oʻzbekiston Fanlar akademiyasi|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi]]. 2017-yil 29-dekabrdagi UP-5293-sonli qarori bilan.
* [https://www.gunadarma.ac.id/ Faxriy professor. Gunadarma universiteti rektorining qarori], Jakarta, Indoneziya, 2012-yil 13-sentabrdagi 437/SK/REK/UG/2012-sonli bayonnoma, Jakarta.
* [http://raen.info/ Rossiya Tabiiy fanlar akademiyasining akademigi], 2004-yil 26-fevraldagi 409-sonli qarori bilan.
* [https://igu-online.org/ Xalqaro geografik ittifoq aʼzosi], 2001-yil yanvar
* [https://www.nyas.org/ Akademik, Nyu-York Fanlar Akademiyasi (AQSh)], 1999-yil aprel.
* [[Академии труда и занятости Российской Федерации|Rossiya Federatsiyasi Mehnat va bandlik akademiyasining]] akademigi. 1999-yil 3-martdagi 83-sonli Diplom.
* [[Академик Международной академии наук высшей школы|Oliy taʼlim xalqaro fanlar akademiyasining akademigi]] . Diplom № 927, 1998-yil 30-oktyabrdagi 9-sonli bayonnoma.
* [[Академии гуманитарных наук Российской Федерации|Rossiya Federatsiyasi Gumanitar fanlar akademiyasining]] akademigi. AGN 236-sonli diplom, 1997-yil 23-oktyabrdagi 8-sonli bayonnoma.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistondagi oliy oʻquv yurtlari rektorlari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Fanlar akademiyasi akademiklari]]
[[Turkum:Rossiyaning Doʻstlik ordeni sohiblari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik ordeni sohiblari]]
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot fanlari doktorlari]]</text>
      <sha1>asowoe6otaddjkqy1pyokn3g0slcgh4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Elo chart</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>746561</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988712</id>
      <parentid>2768718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:38:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988712</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="762" sha1="420b8sbk282jf8qqcv0idrlpm54qmjj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Шаблон:Эло-диаграмма/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;diagram&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{width|}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;position:relative;left:{{#expr:({{{width}}} / 800 - 1) * 100 / 2.5}}%&quot;&gt;}}'''Elo oʻzgarishi&lt;ref&gt;FIDE ro‘yxatlari bo‘yicha Elo reytingi. Manbalar: [https://ratings.fide.com/download.phtml fide.com], [http://www.benoni.de/schach/elo/qry_elo_de.html benoni.de], [http://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/ olimpbase.org]&lt;/ref&gt;'''{{#if:{{{width|}}}|&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{WikidataChart|P1087|pageIds={{{id|}}}|chart=Elo rating (automatic)|xMax={{#if: {{{xmax|}}} | {{{xmax}}} | }}|yMin={{#if: {{{ymin|}}} | {{{ymin}}} | }}|precision=10|zoom={{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{#expr:{{{width}}} / 800 * 100}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>420b8sbk282jf8qqcv0idrlpm54qmjj</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988715</id>
      <parentid>5988712</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:41:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988715</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="740" sha1="j3rhbpw1g03yy0pp7kajiqp7o7fmj8l" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Andoza:Elo chart/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;diagram&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{width|}}}|&lt;span style=&quot;position:relative;left:{{#expr:({{{width}}} / 800 - 1) * 100 / 2.5}}%&quot;&gt;}}'''Elo oʻzgarishi&lt;ref&gt;FIDE ro‘yxatlari bo‘yicha Elo reytingi. Manbalar: [https://ratings.fide.com/download.phtml fide.com], [http://www.benoni.de/schach/elo/qry_elo_de.html benoni.de], [http://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/ olimpbase.org]&lt;/ref&gt;'''{{#if:{{{width|}}}|&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{WikidataChart|P1087|pageIds={{{id|}}}|chart=Elo rating (automatic)|xMax={{#if: {{{xmax|}}} | {{{xmax}}} | }}|yMin={{#if: {{{ymin|}}} | {{{ymin}}} | }}|precision=10|zoom={{#if:{{{width|}}}|{{#expr:{{{width}}} / 800 * 100}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j3rhbpw1g03yy0pp7kajiqp7o7fmj8l</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Emine Şenlikoğlu</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>755466</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5989034</id>
      <parentid>4905723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:51:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22461-07</username>
        <id>258214</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mariya ktobi haqida */ yangi mavzu</comment>
      <origin>5989034</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="311" sha1="mn8rvo58u8esgf9xyq8iboqhmts9v7f" xml:space="preserve">{{Munozara}}
{{WikiAyollar loyihasi}}
{{WikiStipendiya marafoni}}
{{Shaxsiyatlar loyihasi}}

== Mariya ktobi haqida ==

Men u boyicha yozuvchiga savollarim bor [[Maxsus:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-22461-07|&amp;#126;2026-22461-07]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:&amp;#126;2026-22461-07|talk]]) 10:51, 2026-yil 12-aprel (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>mn8rvo58u8esgf9xyq8iboqhmts9v7f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xitoy fuqarolik pasporti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>758918</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988682</id>
      <parentid>5977603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:54:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:Chinese_passport.svg]] [[Tasvir:People's_Republic_of_China_Passport_2012.svg]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) tu</comment>
      <origin>5988682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4671" sha1="qz84cbuwh7hpgq1co8f7n74lus48ip9" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsni tasdiqlovchi hujjat bilgiqutisi
| hujjat_nomi           = Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi fuqarolik pasporti&lt;br /&gt;[[Xitoy tili|Xitoycha]]: 中华人民共和国护照
| tasvir                = [[File:People's Republic of China Passport 2012.svg|300px]]
| tasvir_hajmi          = 
| tasvir_eni            =
| tasvir_alt            =
| tasvir_izohi          = 
| tasvir2               = 
| tasvir_hajmi2         =
| tasvir_eni2           =
| tasvir_alt2           =
| tasvir_izohi2         = Joriy Xitoy [[biometrik pasport]]ining shaxsiy maʼlumotlar sahifasi
| ilk_marta             = [[1949|1949-yil]]
| kim_tomonidan         = Milliy immigratsiya boshqarmasi, {{Bayroqikon|Xitoy}}
| yaroqlilik            =
| hujjat_turi           = pasport
| maqsad                = shaxsni tasdiqlash
| muvofiqlik            =
| yaroqlilik_muddati    = 10 yil&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=《中俄边境旅游暂行管理实施细则》 |url=http://www.aihui.gov.cn/html/index/content/2012/04/792.html |website=www.aihui.gov.cn |language=zh-hans |kirish sanasi=2022-07-30 |arxivsana=2020-10-30 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030110133/http://www.aihui.gov.cn/html/index/content/2012/04/792.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| narx                  = 120 [[Xitoy yuani|¥]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://cs.mfa.gov.cn/zggmzhw/hzlxz/sbhzlxz/|title=申办护照/旅行证|website=cs.mfa.gov.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| huquqlar              = 
| hajm_olcham           =
}}
[[Fayl:Passport_PRC_97.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Passport_PRC_97.jpg/220px-Passport_PRC_97.jpg|thumb| Xitoy pasportining &quot;Forma 97&quot; versiyasi.]]
[[Fayl:Passport_Cn_50s.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Passport_Cn_50s.JPG/220px-Passport_Cn_50s.JPG|thumb| XXR pasportining birinchi ikki varianti 1949-yil.]]
'''Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi fuqarosi pasporti''' ([[Xitoy tili|xitoycha]]: '''中华人民共和国护照'''), Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi fuqarolari sifatida roʻyxatdan oʻtgan XXR fuqarolariga shaxsini tasdiqlash va chet elga chiqish uchun beriladigan rasmiy hujjat.

Gonkong va Makao uchun ularning tegishli pasportlaridan foydalaniladi.

== Turlari ==
Xitoyda bir necha turdagi pasportlar beriladi:

* oddiy (&quot;shaxsiy oddiy&quot;) pasport;
* rasmiy pasport;
* diplomatik pasport;
* Maxsus Ma'muriy Hudud pasporti, ya'ni, Makao pasporti va Gonkong pasporti.

Oddiy Xitoy pasportining yangi versiyalari (&quot;Forma 97-2&quot;) 2007-yildan beri o'zidan oldingi &quot;Forma 92&quot; va &quot;Forma 97-1&quot; o'rnini egallab bormoqda.

'''Oddiy pasport - Ichida'''

Pasport &quot;Forma 97-2&quot; - bu oddiy Xitoy pasporti (machine readable passport (MRP)).

Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar old muqova ostida joylashgan - maxfiy raqamli texnologiya yordamida chop etilgan rangli fotosurat ham shu yerda. Xususan, quyidagilar mavjud:

* Pasport turi (P)
* Mamlakat kodi (CHN)
* Pasport raqami (Gxxxxxxxx)
* Ism (familiya va ism)
* Jinsi (M) yoki (F)
* Olti xonali ma'muriy qismning kodi , sakkiz xonali tug'ilgan sana, uch xonali seriya raqami va chek raqamidan iborat identifikatsiya kartasi raqami (18 xonali kod).
* Tug'ilgan sana (DD. MMM. YYYY)
* Chiqarilgan sana (DD. MMM. YYYY)
* Tug'ilgan joyi (viloyat yoki mamlakat, agar yo'lda tug'ilgan bo'lsa)
* Berilgan joy (viloyat yoki chet elda berilgan diplomatik/konsullik uyi)
* Yaroqlilik muddati (DD. MMM. YYYY)
* Imzo

'''Tillar'''

Barcha ma'lumotlar xitoy va ingliz tillarida.

'''Pasport yozuvlari'''

Xitoy tilida

中华人民共和国外交部请各国军政机关对持照人予以通行的便利和必要的协助.

Inzgliz tilida

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China requests all civil and military authorities of foreign countries to allow the bearer of this passport to pass freely and afford assistance in case of need.

''O'zbek tiliga tarjimasi:''

''Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi Tashqi ishlar vazirligi xorijiy davlatlarning barcha harbiy va maʼmuriy muassasalaridan erkin harakatlanishni taʼminlash va zarur hollarda pasport egasiga yordam berishni soʻraydi.''

== Oddiy XXR pasportlari bilan vizasiz kirish mumkin bo'lgan mamlakatlar ==
Oddiy Xitoy pasporti egalari Gonkong yoki Makao pasporti egalariga qaraganda ancha kam sonli mamlakatlarga vizasiz kirishlari mumkin.
[[Fayl:Visa Requirements for Chinese Citizens.svg|center|thumb|800x800px| Oddiy XXR pasportlari bilan vizasiz kirish mumkin bo'lgan mamlakatlar]]

== Xitoy bo'ylab sayohat ==
Oddiy xitoy pasporti egalari materikdagi Xitoy boʻylab erkin harakatlanishlari mumkin. [[Hong Kong|Gonkong]] va [[Makao]]ning maxsus ma'muriy hududlariga kirish uchun ular Xitoy rasmiylaridan maxsus ruxsat olishlari kerak.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Turkumsiz|date=Aprel 2024}}</text>
      <sha1>qz84cbuwh7hpgq1co8f7n74lus48ip9</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Modul:WikidataChart</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>772628</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988714</id>
      <parentid>2768720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:40:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988714</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5106" sha1="rqzn8hnufsbhe3esiihvi1p8renni48" xml:space="preserve">local defaultFormat = {
	[0] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: billion years
	[1] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: hundred million years
	[2] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: ten million years
	[3] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: million years
	[4] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: hundred thousand years
	[5] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: ten thousand years
	[6] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: millennium
	[7] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: century
	[8] = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: decade
	[9]  = &quot;Y&quot;,				-- precision: year
	[10] = &quot;M Y&quot;,			-- precision: month
	[11] = &quot;j F Y&quot;,			-- precision: day
	[12] = &quot;j F Y ga&quot;,		-- precision: hour
	[13] = &quot;j F Y g:ia&quot;,	-- precision: minute
	[14] = &quot;j F Y g:i:sa&quot;	-- precision: second
}

local p = {}

function p.plot(frame)
	local property = frame.args[1] or error(&quot;Wikidata property to chart required&quot;)
	local xQualifier = frame.args[2] or error(&quot;Wikidata qualifier for x axis required&quot;)
	local yIds = mw.text.split(frame.args[&quot;pageIds&quot;] or &quot;&quot;, &quot;,&quot;, true)
	local xStart = frame.args[&quot;xStart&quot;]
	local xEnd = frame.args[&quot;xEnd&quot;]
	local precision = tonumber(frame.args[&quot;precision&quot;])
	local xAxisFormat = defaultFormat[precision or 9]	
	
	-- Collect data
	local series = { captions = {}, points = {} }
	for seriesIdx, id in ipairs(yIds) do
		if id == &quot;&quot; then id = nil end
		local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(id)
		
		local labels = entity.labels or {}
		series.captions[seriesIdx] = (labels.en or labels.de or {}).value or id

		local property = entity.claims[property]
		for _, item in ipairs(property) do
			if item.qualifiers and item.qualifiers[xQualifier] and item.qualifiers[xQualifier][1] then
				local qualifier = item.qualifiers[xQualifier][1]
				if qualifier.snaktype ~= &quot;value&quot; or qualifier.datatype ~= &quot;time&quot; then
					error(&quot;'xQualifier' parameter must be a time&quot;)
				end
				local x = applyPrecision(mw.text.trim(qualifier.datavalue.value.time, &quot;+&quot;), precision)
				
				if (not xStart or x &gt;= xStart) and (not xEnd or string.sub(x, 1, #xEnd) &lt;= xEnd) and qualifier.datavalue.value.precision &gt;= (precision or 0) then
					local mainsnak = item.mainsnak
					if mainsnak.snaktype ~= &quot;value&quot; or mainsnak.datatype ~= &quot;quantity&quot; then
						error(&quot;'property' parameter must be numeric&quot;)
					end
					local y = tonumber(mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount)
	
					if not series.points[x] then series.points[x] = {} end
					series.points[x][seriesIdx] = y
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Sort x values
	local xValues = {}
	for k in pairs(series.points) do table.insert(xValues, k) end
	table.sort(xValues)

    -- default values, can be overwritten
	local chartArgs =
	{
		type = &quot;line&quot;,
		xType = &quot;date&quot;,
		x = table.concat(xValues, &quot;,&quot;),
		yType = &quot;number&quot;,
		
		-- these are not supported anymore with new chart extension as of now..
--		xAxisTitle = mw.wikibase.label(xQualifier),		
--		yAxisTitle = mw.wikibase.label(property)
	}
	-- Set legends / series titles
	for seriesIdx, caption in ipairs(series.captions) do
		chartArgs[&quot;y&quot; .. seriesIdx] = &quot;&quot;
		chartArgs[&quot;y&quot; .. seriesIdx .. &quot;Title&quot;] = caption
	end
	-- Set values
	local seriesCount = #series.captions
	for _, x in ipairs(xValues) do
		yValues = series.points[x]
		for seriesIdx = 1, seriesCount do
			chartArgs[&quot;y&quot; .. seriesIdx] = chartArgs[&quot;y&quot; .. seriesIdx] .. &quot;,&quot; .. (yValues[seriesIdx] or &quot;&quot;)
		end
	end
	-- Remove separators at the beginning
	for seriesIdx, _ in ipairs(series.captions) do
		chartArgs[&quot;y&quot; .. seriesIdx] = mw.ustring.sub(chartArgs[&quot;y&quot; .. seriesIdx], 2)
	end
	-- Transfer diagram parameters (all parameters that start with chart_ are transferred directly to the Graph module without a prefix)
	for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
		local chartParam = string.match(k, &quot;^chart_(.+)&quot;)
		if chartParam then chartArgs[chartParam] = v end
	end

 	
	--workaround, to better show dates since the extension doesn't support them yet properly
	if chartArgs[&quot;xType&quot;]==&quot;date&quot; then
		xValuesCutted = {}
		for _, k in pairs(xValues) do
			table.insert(xValuesCutted,string.sub( k, 1, 10))
		end
		chartArgs[&quot;x&quot;] = table.concat(xValuesCutted, &quot;,&quot;)
	end
	-- if number, use precision to round (default 9=years)
	if chartArgs[&quot;xType&quot;]==&quot;number&quot; then
		xValuesCutted = {}
		for _, k in pairs(xValues) do
			table.insert(xValuesCutted,mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate(xAxisFormat, k))
		end
		chartArgs[&quot;x&quot;] = table.concat(xValuesCutted, &quot;,&quot;)
	end
	
	-- create the plot
	local resultplot
	resultplot = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate {
		title = 'Template:ChartDirect',
		args = chartArgs
		}
		
	return resultplot
end

function p.plotWrapper(frame)
	return p.plot(frame:getParent())
end

function applyPrecision(date, precision)
	if not precision then precision = math.huge end

	local _, _, year, month, day, hour, minute, second, timezone = string.find(date, &quot;^(.?%d+)-(%d+)-(%d+)T(%d+):(%d+):(%d+)(.+)$&quot;)
	if precision &lt; 14 then second = &quot;00&quot; end
	if precision &lt; 13 then minute = &quot;00&quot; end
	if precision &lt; 12 then hour = &quot;00&quot; end
	if precision &lt; 11 or day == &quot;00&quot; then day = &quot;01&quot; end
	if precision &lt; 10 or month == &quot;00&quot; then month = &quot;01&quot; end
	return year .. &quot;-&quot; .. month .. &quot;-&quot; .. day .. &quot;T&quot; .. hour .. &quot;:&quot; .. minute .. &quot;:&quot; .. second .. timezone
end

return p</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ifloslanish</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>776012</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988846</id>
      <parentid>5969205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T22:21:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>58913</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>1 ta manba qutqarildi hamda 0 tasi oʻlik sifatida belgilandi.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55033" sha1="bdr7peta4dihg4syxtce2il3hizcpo8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayl:Litter.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Litter.JPG/300px-Litter.JPG|thumb|300x300px| [[Gayana]] qirgʻoqlaridagi chiqindi qoldiqlari]]
'''Ifloslanish''' — tabiiy muhitga salbiy oʻzgarishlarni keltirib chiqaradigan ifloslantiruvchi moddalarning kiritilishidir&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pollution|sarlavha=Pollution – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|nashriyot=[[Merriam-Webster]]|sana=2010-08-13|kirish sanasi=2010-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ifloslanish har qanday modda (qattiq, suyuq yoki gaz) yoki energiya (radioaktivlik, issiqlik, tovush yoki yorugʻlik kabi) shaklida boʻlishi mumkin. Atrof-muhitning ifloslanishiga tabiiy hodisalar sabab boʻlishi mumkin boʻlsa-da, ifloslanish soʻzi odatda ifloslantiruvchi moddalarning antropogen manbaga ega ekanligini anglatadi. Inson faoliyati bilan bog‘liq ifloslanishlar [[antropogen ifloslanish]], deb ataladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334570332_Impact_and_control_of_anthropogenic_pollution_on_the_ecosystem_-_A_review#:~:text=INTRODUCTION,and%20decay.|sarlavha=Impact and control of anthropogenic pollution on the ecosystem – A review|kirish sanasi=19-avgust 2022-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

20-asrning oxirlarida atrof-muhitni tartibga solish va ifloslanish siyosati paydo bo'lgunga qadar 19-20-asrlarda ko'plab ifloslanish manbalari sanoatlashtirishning tartibga solinmagan qismlari edi. Tabiatga zarar beruvchi moddalarni keltirib chiqaradigan sanoatlar faoliyatini to'xtatgandan keyin ham ifloslanish atrof muhitda doimiy qolishi mumkin. Ifloslanishning asosiy shakllariga [[havoning ifloslanishi]], [[yorug'lik bilan ifloslanish]], axlat, [[shovqinli ifloslanish]], [[plastik ifloslanish]], [[tuproqning ifloslanishi]], [[radioaktiv ifloslanish]], [[termal ifloslanish]], [[vizual ifloslanish]] va [[suvning ifloslanishi]] kiradi.

2015-yilda ifloslanish butun dunyo boʻylab toʻqqiz million odamning hayotiga zomin boʻlgan (har oltinchi oʻlim)&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pollution-killed-9-million-people-2015|sarlavha=Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015|ism=Laura|muallif=Beil|sana=15 November 2017|ish=[[Science News]]|kirish sanasi=1 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Carrington&quot;&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=October 20, 2017 |title=Global pollution kills 9m a year and threatens 'survival of human societies' |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/oct/19/global-pollution-kills-millions-threatens-survival-human-societies |access-date=October 20, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu koʻrsatgich 2019-yilgacha oʻzgarishsiz qolgan. Avvalgi oʻlimlarning ¾ qismini havo ifloslanishi tashkil etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Dickie |first=Gloria |date=18 May 2022 |title=Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/pollution-killing-9-million-people-year-africa-hardest-hit-study-2022-05-17/ |access-date=23 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ifloslanish turi va manbalari jihatidan fizik, kimyoviy, biologik, mexanik va boshqa turlarga bo‘linadi. Masalan, fizik ifloslanishning o‘zi issiqlik, yorug‘lik, shovqin, radiaktiv, elektromagnit ifloslanishga ajraladi&lt;ref name=&quot;10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fuller|first1=Richard|last2=Landrigan|first2=Philip J|last3=Balakrishnan|first3=Kalpana|last4=Bathan|first4=Glynda|last5=Bose-O'Reilly|first5=Stephan|last6=Brauer|first6=Michael|last7=Caravanos|first7=Jack|last8=Chiles|first8=Tom|last9=Cohen|first9=Aaron|title=Pollution and health: a progress update|journal=The Lancet Planetary Health|date=June 2022|volume=6|issue=6|pages=e535–e547|doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0|pmid=35594895 |issn = 2542-5196 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yilgi adabiyotlar so‘rovi shuni ko‘rsatdiki, antropogen kimyoviy ifloslanish darajasi sayyoraga qo`yilgan ifloslanish chegaralaridan oshib ketgan va hozirda butun dunyo bo‘ylab butun ekotizimlarga tahdid solmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pollution-killed-9-million-people-2015 |sarlavha=Pollution killed 9 million people in 2015 |qaralgan sana=1-Dekabr 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ifloslovchi moddalar ko'pincha bolalar va qariyalar hamda [[Marjinalizm|marginallashgan jamoalar]] kabi zaif aholi qatlamlariga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi, chunki ifloslantiruvchi sanoatlar va zaharli chiqindilari mavjud bo`lgan hududlar odatda iqtisodiy va siyosiy kuchga ega bo'lmagan aholi bilan birlashtiriladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://news.umich.edu/targeting-minority-low-income-neighborhoods-for-hazardous-waste-sites/ |sarlavha=Targeting minority, low-income neighborhoods for hazardous waste sites |qaralgan sana=2023-03-11. |sana=2016-01-19 |muallif=University of Michigan News.}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu katta ta'sir ekologik adolat harakatining shakllanishining asosiy sababidir&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |title=Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice. The Justice of Environmental Justice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. |publisher=Schlosberg, David (2002). |pages=79 |editor=Light, Andrew; De-Shalit, Avner}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |title=Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature. |url=https://archive.org/details/definingenvironm0000schl |publisher=Oxford University Press. |author=Schlosberg, David. |year=(2007)}}&lt;/ref&gt; va ayniqsa, [[Global Janub|Global Janubda]] ekologik mojarolarning asosiy elementi bo'lib qolmoqda.

== Taʼriflari va turlari ==
Ifloslanishning turli xil taʼriflari mavjud. Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish boshqarmasi ([[Inglizcha]]'': Environmental Protection Administration'') ifloslanishni

{{Quote|text=Atrof-muhitning tabiiy sifatini yomonlashtiradigan, ko'rish, ta'm yoki hid bilish omillarini buzadigan yoki sog'liq uchun xavf tug'diradigan suv, tuproq yoki havodagi har qanday moddalardir. Tabiiy resursning foydaliligi odatda ifloslantiruvchi moddalar mavjudligi bilan yomonlashadi.}}

deya taʼriflaydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=System of Registries {{!}} US EPA|url=https://sor.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/termreg/searchandretrieve/glossariesandkeywordlists/search.do;jsessionid=uJCB5Gu4w83V2Rvwe9ICdwSYPN92FIBDbphBhn8YAqz9GhWQ2_kk!918770883?details=&amp;vocabName=Environmental%20Issues%20Glossary&amp;filterTerm=pollution&amp;checkedAcronym=false&amp;checkedTerm=false&amp;hasDefinitions=false&amp;filterTerm=pollution&amp;filterMatchCriteria=Contains|kirish sanasi=2022-05-01|ish=sor.epa.gov|til=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bundan farqli oʻlaroq, [[Birlashgan millatlar tashkiloti|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti]] (BMT) ifloslanishni „Muhitning tabiati, joylashuvi yoki hajmi istalmagan va zararli ekologik taʼsirlarni keltirib chiqaradigan (havo, suv, quruqlik) moddalar va issiqlikning mavjudligi“ deb hisoblaydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=UNdata {{!}} glossary|url=http://data.un.org/Glossary.aspx?q=pollution#:~:text=UNdata%20source:%20Environment%20Glossary%20%7C%20United, activity%20that%20generates%20pollutants.|kirish sanasi=2022-05-01|ish=data.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Fayl:Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow,_06.08.2010.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG/220px-Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG|thumb| 2010-yil avgust oyidagi [https://uz.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3 smog] (tutunli tuman bilan) bilan qoplangan [[Moskva]] markazi ]]
Ifloslanishning asosiy shakllari quyida ularning har biriga tegishli alohida ifloslantiruvchi moddalar bilan birga sanab o‘tilgan:

* [[Havoning ifloslanishi]]: atmosferaga [[kimyoviy moddalar]] va zarralarning tarqalishi. Umumiy gazsimon ifloslantiruvchi moddalarga sanoat va avtotransport vositalari tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan [[Is gazi|uglerod oksidi]], [[oltingugurt dioksidi]], [[xlorftorokarbonlar]] va [[azot oksidlari]] kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gaseous-air-pollutant|sarlavha=Gaseous Air Pollutant}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Fotokimyoviy [[ozon]] va tutunli azot oksidi hamda [[Uglevodorodlar|uglevodorodlarning]] quyosh nuriga taʼsir qilishi natijasida hosil boʻladi. Zarralar yoki mayda chang ularning [[Mikrometr (o'lchov)|mikrometr]] oʻlchamlari PM &lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; dan PM &lt;sub&gt;2,5&lt;/sub&gt; gacha boʻlgani bilan tavsiflanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311077/|sarlavha=History of air pollution and its health consequences}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Elektromagnit ifloslanish]]: ionlashtiruvchi boʻlmagan shakldagi [[Elektromagnit nurlanish|elektromagnit nurlanishning]] haddan tashqari koʻpligi, masalan, radio, televizor, Wi-Fi va boshqa tarmoqlarni uzatish orqali kelib chiqadi. Odamlarga aniq taʼsir koʻrsatmasa ham, radio-astronomiya bilan shovqinlar yuzaga kelishi hamda samolyotlar va avtomobillarning xavfsizlik tizimlariga taʼsir qilishi mumkin&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet56/oet56e4.pdf|sarlavha=Questions and Answers about Biological Effects and Potential Hazards of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields|sana=Cleveland Jr RF, Ulcek JL (August 1999)}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Yorugʻlik ifloslanish|Yorugʻlik bilan ifloslanish]]: ortiqcha yoritish va [[Astronomiya|astronomik]] shovqinlarni oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.standardpro.com/light-pollution/|sarlavha=All you need about light pollution|sana=2018-10-18.|qaralgan sana=2022-08-19|arxivsana=2021-06-30|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630081130/https://www.standardpro.com/light-pollution/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Chiqindi]] tashlash: inson tomonidan yaratilgan nomaqbul buyumlarni jamoat joylariga va xususiy mulklar hududlariga jinoiy ravishda tashlash.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006152103/http://www.blacktown.nsw.gov.au/environment/issues/littering/littering-information.cfm|sarlavha=&quot;Littering Information&quot;.|arxivurl=https://naturschutzbund.at/umweltthemen/articles/zigaretten.html|arxivsana=October 6, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Shovqinli ifloslanish]]: [[yo'l shovqini]], [[samolyot shovqini]], [[sanoat shovqini]], shuningdek, yuqori intensiv [[Exolot|exolotni]] oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|title=Senate Public Works Committee. Noise Pollution and Abatement Act of 1972. S. Rep. No. 1160, 92nd Congress. 2nd session}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Plastik ifloslanish]]: yovvoyi tabiatga, yovvoyi tabiatning yashash muhitiga yoki odamlarga salbiy taʼsir koʻrsatadigan atrof-muhitda plastik mahsulotlar va mikroplastmassalarning toʻplanishini oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Plastics-in-the-marine-environment%3A-the-dark-side-a-Hammer-Kraak/43553427495a7cc4d727f75bebc6b67b4e710393|sarlavha=&quot;Plastics in the marine environment: the dark side of a modern gift&quot;.}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Tuproqning ifloslanishi]]: kimyoviy moddalar toʻkilishi yoki ularning yer osti oqishi natijasida paydo boʻladi. Eng asosiy tuproq ifloslantiruvchi moddalar orasida [[uglevodorodlar]], [[og'ir metallar]], [[MTBE]] (Metil tert-butil efir)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.gov/mtbe/water.htm#concerns Concerns about MTBE] from [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. EPA]] website&lt;/ref&gt;, [[gerbitsidlar]], [[pestitsidlar]] va [[xlorli uglevodorodlar]] mavjud.
* [[Radioaktiv ifloslanish]]: 20-asr [[Atom fizikasi|atom fizikasidagi]] yadroviy energiya ishlab chiqarish va yadroviy qurollarni tadqiq qilish va joylashtirish faoliyati natijasida kelib chiqqan. (Atrof-muhitdagi [[Alfa-zarralar|alfa-emitterlar]] va [[aktinidlarga]] qarang)&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1290_web.pdf|sarlavha=IAEA Safety Glossary: Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Issiqlik ifloslanish|Termal ifloslanish]] — bu inson taʼsiridan kelib chiqadigan tabiiy suv havzalarida [[Harorat|haroratning]] oʻzgarishi. Elektr stantsiyasiyalarini sovutish sifatida suvdan foydalanish bunga misol boʻla oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.epa.gov/npdes-permits/brayton-point-station-power-plant-somerset-ma-final-npdes-permit|sarlavha=Brayton Point Station Power Plant, Somerset, MA: Final NPDES Permit|sana=2021-05-21.}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Vizual ifloslanish]]: havo [[Elektr tokini uzatish|elektr uzatish liniyalari]], avtomobil yoʻllarining reklama taxtalari, yorilgan, qazilgan yer shakllari, chiqindini ochiq havoda saqlash, qattiq maishiy chiqindilar yoki [[Fazo chiqindilari|fazo chiqindilar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.futura-sciences.us/dico/d/sustainable-development-visual-pollution-50000735/|sarlavha=&quot;Visual pollution&quot;.|kirish sanasi=2021-07-04.|qaralgan sana=2022-08-19|arxivsana=2021-07-09|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184417/http://www.futura-sciences.us/dico/d/sustainable-development-visual-pollution-50000735/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* [[Suvning ifloslаnishi|Suvning ifloslanishi]]: tijorat va sanoat chiqindilarini (qasddan yoki toʻkish orqali) yer usti suvlariga oqizish natijasida yuzaga keladigan ifloslanish; tozalanmagan kanalizatsiya va xlor kabi kimyoviy ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni kanalizatsiyadan chiqarib yuborish; va yer usti suvlariga oqadigan oqimlarga chiqindilar va ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni chiqarish, tashlash (shu jumladan, kimyoviy oʻgʻitlar va pestitsidlarni oʻz ichiga olishi mumkin boʻlgan shahar oqimi va qishloq xoʻjaligi oqavalari)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Aboyeji|first1=Oyebanji Oluseun|date=2013-12-01|title=Freshwater Pollution in Some Nigerian Local Communities, Causes, Consequences and Probable Solutions|url=https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/view/2307|journal=Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies|doi=10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n13p111}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Englande|first1=A.J.|title=Wastewater Treatment &amp;Water Reclamation☆|date=2015|journal=Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences|pages=B978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7|isbn=978-0-12-409548-9|pmc=7158167|last2=Krenkel|first2=Peter|last3=Shamas|first3=J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Ahmed|first1=Jebin|title=CHAPTER 1. Industrial Wastewater and Its Toxic Effects|date=2021|url=http://ebook.rsc.org/?DOI=10.1039%2F9781839165399-00001|journal=Chemistry in the Environment|pages=1–14|editor-last=Shah|editor-first=Maulin P|place=Cambridge|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|doi=10.1039/9781839165399-00001|isbn=978-1-83916-279-4|access-date=2022-06-07|last2=Thakur|first2=Abhijeet|last3=Goyal|first3=Arun|archivedate=2023-01-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060955/https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/chapter/9781839165399-00001/978-1-83916-539-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ifloslantiruvchilar ===
[[Fayl:Canal-pollution.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canal-pollution.jpg/200px-Canal-pollution.jpg|thumb| [[Monreal (Kanada)|Monrealdagi]] Lachin kanali, [[Quebec (provinsiya)|Kvebek]], Kanada]]
[[Fayl:Yellow_Fish.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yellow_Fish.jpg/200px-Yellow_Fish.jpg|thumb| Moviy [[drenaj quvurlari]] va sariq baliq belgisi Buyuk Britaniya atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish agentligi tomonidan ifloslantiruvchi sirt drenajining ekologik taʼsiri haqida xabardorlikni oshirish uchun ishlatiladi.]]
Ifloslantiruvchi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8811958/ |sarlavha=Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities |sana=2022 18-yanvar |qaralgan sana=22-fevral 2022 |muallif=Persson L, Carney Almroth BM, Collins CD, Cornell S, de Wit CA, Diamond ML}}&lt;/ref&gt; - atrof-muhitga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan yoki resursning foydaliligiga salbiy ta'sir o`tkazadigan modda yoki energiya. Ifloslovci moddalar tabiiy ravishda hosil bo'lishi mumkin (masalan, minerallar yoki neft kabi qazib olingan birikmalar) yoki kelib chiqishi antropogen (ya'ni, ishlab chiqarilgan materiallar yoki biologik parchalanishdan olingan yon mahsulotlar) bo`lgan mahsulotlar tufayli. Ifloslantiruvchi moddalarning jiddiylik darajasi uchta omil bilan belgilanadi: uning kimyoviy turi, kontsentratsiyasi, zarar darajasi va davomiyligidir&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Aqeel|first1=Muhammad|title=Soil Contamination, Risk Assessment and Remediation|date=2014-03-26|url=http://www.intechopen.com/books/environmental-risk-assessment-of-soil-contamination/soil-contamination-risk-assessment-and-remediation|journal=Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination|editor-last=Hernandez Soriano|editor-first=Maria C.|publisher=InTech|language=en|doi=10.5772/57287|isbn=978-953-51-1235-8|access-date=2022-06-07|last2=Jamil|first2=Mohd.|last3=Yusoff|first3=Ismail}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ifloslantiruvchi o'simlik yoki hayvon turlarining o'sish sur'atlarini o'zgartirish yoki insonning qulayliklari, sog'lig'i yoki mulkiy qadriyatlariga aralashish orqali uzoq yoki qisqa muddatli zarar yetkazishi mumkin. Ba'zi ifloslantiruvchi moddalar [[Biologik parchalanish|biologik parchalanadi]] va shuning uchun uzoq muddatda [[Atrof muhit|atrof-muhitda]] saqlanib qolmaydi.

== Tabiiy sabablar ==
[[Fayl:Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution's_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv|left|thumb|Kemalar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan tutun natijasida havo ifloslanishi bulutlarni oʻzgartirishi va global haroratga taʼsir qilishi mumkin.]]
Eng muhim tabiiy ifloslanish manbalaridan biri [[Vulqon|vulqonlar]] boʻlib, ular otilish paytida atmosferaga koʻp miqdorda zararli gazlarni chiqaradi. [[Vulqon gazlari]] orasida katta konsentratsiyalarda halokatli boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan va [[Iqlim o'zgarishi|iqlim oʻzgarishiga]] olib keluvchi [[karbonat angidrid]], [[kislota yomg'iri]]ni keltirib chiqaradigan [[vodorod galogenid]]lari, hayvonlar uchun zararli va [[Ozonosfera|ozon qatlamiga]] zarar yetkazadigan oltingugurt dioksidlari va oʻldirishga qodir boʻlgan vodorod sulfidlari kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Volcanic gases can be harmful to health, vegetation and infrastructure|url=https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-gases-can-be-harmful-health-vegetation-and-infrastructure|kirish sanasi=2022-05-07|ish=United States Geologic Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vulqon undan otiluvchi [[Margimush|mishyak]], [[Qoʻrgʻoshin|qoʻrgʻoshin]] hamda [[simob]] kabi zaharli va oʻta nozik kimyoviy zarralarni oʻz ichiga oladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Trejos|first1=Erika M.|last2=Silva|first2=Luis F. O.|last3=Hower|first3=James C.|last4=Flores|first4=Eriko M. M.|last5=González|first5=Carlos Mario|last6=Pachón|first6=Jorge E.|last7=Aristizábal|first7=Beatriz H.|date=2021-03-01|title=Volcanic emissions and atmospheric pollution: A study of nanoparticles|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987120302036|journal=Geoscience Frontiers|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=746–755|doi=10.1016/j.gsf.2020.08.013|issn=1674-9871}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tabiiy ravishda chaqmoq urishi natijasida yuzaga kelishi mumkin boʻlgan oʻrmon yongʻinlari ham havo ifloslanishining muhim sababi hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=118916|sarlavha=Does Pollution Make Thunderstorms More Severe?|sana=September 27, 2021|kirish sanasi=18-avgust 2022-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yovvoyi yongʻindan kelib chiqqan tutun [[Asfiksiya|asfiksiyaga]] olib kelishi mumkin boʻlgan karbonat angidrid va karbon monoksitning katta miqdorini oʻz ichiga oladi. Koʻp miqdordagi zaharli mayda zarralar hayvonlarning sogʻligʻiga xavf tugʻdiradigan oʻrmon yongʻinlari tutuni ichida ham topilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Wildfires|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/wildfires|kirish sanasi=2022-05-08|ish=[[World Health Organization]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inson omili ==
Avtotransport vositalarining chiqindilari havo ifloslanishining asosiy sabablaridan biridir.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2006/publications/drs/atmosphere/issue/188/index.html State of the Environment, Issue: Air Quality] ([[Australia|Australian]] Government website page)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/pollution.htm|sarlavha=Pollution|sana=11 April 2007|kirish sanasi=1 December 2017|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411002000/http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/pollution.htm|arxivsana=11 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitoy, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari, Rossiya, Hindiston&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_tp20.html|sarlavha=Top 20 Emitting Countries by Total Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions for 2009|ism=Oak Ridge National|muallif=Laboratory|ish=Cdiac.ornl.gov|kirish sanasi=1 December 2017|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2017-05-11|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511124547/http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_tp20.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meksika va Yaponiya havoni ifloslantiruvchi chiqindilar boʻyicha dunyoda yetakchi hisoblanadi. Asosiy ifloslanish manbalariga [[kimyo zavodlari]], koʻmir [[Elektr stansiyasi|elektr stansiyalari]], [[neftni qayta ishlash zavodlari]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Aqueous&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|last=Beychok, Milton R.|title=Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants|edition=1st|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|year=1967|isbn=978-0-471-07189-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[neft-kimyo zavodlari]], [[Yadroviy chiqindilarni|yadroviy chiqindilar]]ni yoqish zavodlari, yirik [[chorvachilik fermalari]] (sigirlar, choʻchqalar, parrandalar va boshqalar) [[Polivinilxlorid|PVX]] zavodlari, metall ishlab chiqarish zavodlari, plastmassa ishlab chiqarish zavodlari va boshqa [[og'ir sanoat]]lar kiradi. Qishloq xoʻjaligi havosining ifloslanishi tabiiy oʻsimliklarni kesish va yoqish, shuningdek pestitsidlar va gerbitsidlarni purkash kabi zamonaviy amaliyotlardan kelib chiqadi.&lt;ref&gt;''Silent Spring'', R Carlson, 1962&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunyo boʻylab har yili 400 million tonnaga yaqin [[xavfli chiqindilar]] hosil boʻladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570933_2/Pollution.html|sarlavha=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009.|kirish sanasi=2009-10-21|qaralgan sana=2022-08-19|arxivsana=2009-10-21|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021014815/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570933_2/Pollution.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Birgina Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining oʻzida 250 million tonnaga yaqin chiqindi toʻplanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Solid Waste – The Ultimate Guide|url=http://www.ppsthane.com/blog/solid-hazardous-waste-ultimate-guide|ish=Ppsthane.com|kirish sanasi=1 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amerikaliklar [[Yer aholisi|dunyo aholisining]] 5 % dan kamrogʻini tashkil qilsa-da, dunyodagi [[Karbonat angidrid|CO]]ning taxminan 25 % ni&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2008a/080407GurneyVulcan.html Revolutionary {{CO2}} maps zoom in on greenhouse gas sources] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501115653/https://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2008a/080407GurneyVulcan.html |date=2020-05-01 }}&quot;. [[Purdue universiteti|Purdue University]]. April 7, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; va dunyo chiqindilarining taxminan 30 % ni ishlab chiqaradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/FAC/docs/ww092001.pdf|sarlavha=Waste Watcher|kirish sanasi=2010-08-26|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2020-05-10|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510211714/https://www.oregon.gov/DAS/FAC/docs/ww092001.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2006/08/31/alarm_sounds_on_us_population_boom/ Alarm sounds on US population boom]. August 31, 2006. The Boston Globe.&lt;/ref&gt; 2007-yilda [[Xitoy]] COning dunyodagi eng yirik ishlab chiqaruvchisi sifatida Qoʻshma Shtatlarni ortda qoldirgan&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/jun/19/china.usnews China overtakes US as world’s biggest {{CO2}} emitter]&quot;. Guardian.co.uk. June 19, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;, ayni paytda aholi jon boshiga ifloslanish boʻyicha (dunyo davlatlari orasida 78-oʻrinda) ancha orqada.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/top2008.cap Ranking of the world’s countries by 2008 per capita fossil-fuel CO2 emission rates.] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927213509/http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/top2008.cap |date=2011-09-27 }}&quot;. CDIAC. 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayl:Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG/220px-Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG|thumb| [[Xitoy|Xitoyning]] Yangzhou shahri markazidan janubda, elektr stansiyasi joylashgan sanoat hududi]]
Xlorli uglevodorodlar (XU), ogʻir metallar (masalan, xrom, kadmiy — qayta zaryadlanuvchi batareyalarda va qoʻrgʻoshin — qoʻrgʻoshin boʻyoqlari, aviatsiya yoqilgʻisi va hatto baʼzi mamlakatlarda benzinda topilgan), [[MTBE]] (metil-tret-butil efiri), sink, mishyak va benzol eng koʻp uchraydigan tuproq ifloslantiruvchilaridan hisoblanadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 2001-yilda chop etilgan, „Fateful Harves“ kitobining nashr etilishi bilan yakunlangan bir qator matbuot xabarlari sanoat qoldiqlarini o‘g‘itga qayta ishlash natijasida tuproqning metall bilan zaharlanishiga olib keladigan keng tarqalgan amaliyotni yoritib bergan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Environmental Pollution {{!}} Chemistry Science Fair Project|url=https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Chemistry/Environmental-Pollution.php|kirish sanasi=2022-06-07|ish=www.seminarsonly.com|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2022-11-08|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108045450/https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Chemistry/Environmental-Pollution.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oddiy shahar [[chiqindixona]]lari koʻplab kimyoviy moddalar tuproq muhitiga (va koʻpincha yer osti suvlari) kirib borish manbai boʻlib, ular turli xil qabul qilingan chiqindilardan, ayniqsa u yerga noqonuniy ravishda tashlab yuborilgan moddalardan yoki 1970-yilgacha boʻlgan poligonlardan iboratdir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987AtmEn..21...29B/abstract|sarlavha=Beychok, Milton R. (January 1987). &quot;A data base for dioxin and furan emissions from refuse incinerators&quot;. Atmospheric Environment. 21 (1): 29–36.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ifloslanish [[tabiiy ofatlar]] natijasida ham yuzaga kelishi mumkin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Masalan, boʻronlar koʻpincha kanalizatsiya ifloslanishiga va qayiqlar yoki avtomobillarning portlashidan neft-kimyoning toʻkilishiga olib keladi. Baxtsiz hodisalar sodir boʻlganda, baʼzi ifloslantiruvchi manbalar, masalan, atom elektr stantsiyalari yoki neft kemalari keng va potentsial halokatli emissiyalarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Environmental disasters|url=https://www.lenntech.com/environmental-disasters.htm|kirish sanasi=2022-06-07|ish=www.lenntech.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avtomobil shovqinli ifloslanishning eng keng tarqalgan sababi boʻlib, butun dunyo boʻylab barcha kiruvchi shovqinlarning 90 % dan ortigʻini tashkil qiladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71662|sarlavha=Vehicular Noise Pollution: Its Environmental Implications and Strategic Control}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Issiqxona gazlarining chiqarilishi ==
[[Fayl:CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png/300px-CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png|thumb| Mamlakatlar bo‘yicha tarixiy va prognoz qilingan CO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissiyasi (2005-yil holatiga).&lt;br /&gt;Manba: Energiya axborot boshqarmasi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://rainforests.mongabay.com/09-carbon_emissions.htm Carbon dioxide emissions chart] (graph on Mongabay website page based on Energy Information Administrationʼs tabulated data)&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Karbonat angidrid]] [[fotosintez]] uchun muhim boʻlsa-da, baʼzan u ifloslanish omili deb ataladi, chunki atmosferadagi gazning koʻtarilishi Yer iqlimiga taʼsir qiladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/18/7427/pdf#:~:text=CO2%20emissions%20act%20like%20a,weather%20pattern%2C%20and%20sea%20levels.|sarlavha=Issues, Impacts, and Mitigations of Carbon Dioxide
Emissions in the Building Sector|sana=10 September 2020|kirish sanasi=18-avgust 2022-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaqinda oʻtkazilgan tadqiqotlar atmosferadagi karbonat angidrid miqdorining uzoq muddatli koʻtarilishi okean suvlari kislotaligining ozgina, ammo jiddiy oʻsishiga olib kelishi va buning dengiz ekotizimlariga mumkin boʻlgan taʼsirini oʻrganib chiqdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts/ocean-acidification|sarlavha=Ocean acidification|sana=April 1, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2007-yil fevral oyida 120 dan ortiq mamlakatdan 2500 olim, iqtisodchi va siyosatchilarning ishini aks ettirgan Iqlim oʻzgarishi boʻyicha hukumatlararo ekspert guruhi ([[inglizcha]]: ''Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'' ('''IPCC''')) hisoboti 1950-yildan beri global isishning asosiy sababi insonlar ekanligini tasdiqlagan. Insonlarda issiqxona gazlari chiqarilishini kamaytirish va global isish oqibatlaridan qochishning baʼzi yoʻllari bor, deb xulosa qilingan asosiy iqlim hisobotida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Global Warming Can Be Stopped, World Climate Experts Say|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/05/070504-global-warming.html|kirish sanasi=2010-08-26|nashriyot=News.nationalgeographic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taʼsirlari ==

=== Inson salomatligi ===
[[Fayl:Health_effects_of_pollution.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Health_effects_of_pollution.png/350px-Health_effects_of_pollution.png|thumb| Baʼzi keng tarqalgan ifloslanish turlarining inson salomatligiga taʼsiri haqida umumiy maʼlumot (inglizcha tasvir)]]
Zararli havo sifati koʻplab organizmlarni, shu jumladan odamlarni ham oʻldirishi mumkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.indianpediatrics.net/may2008/may-388-390.htm|sarlavha=Indian Pediatrics|kirish sanasi=May 1, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ozonning ifloslanishi [[nafas yo'llari kasalliklari]], [[yurak-qon tomir hastaliklari]], [[Tomoq yallig'lanis|tomoq yalligʻlanishi]], koʻkrak qafasidagi ogʻriqlar va nafas yoʻllarining boʻgʻilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. [[Suvning ifloslаnishi|Suvning ifloslanishi]] kuniga taxminan 14 000 kishining oʻlimiga sabab boʻladi, bu asosan rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda tozalanmagan kanalizatsiya bilan [[Suvning ifloslаnishi|ichimlik suvining ifloslanishi]] tufayli yuz beradi. Taxminan 500 million [[Hindiston|hindlarning]] kanalizatsiyali hojatxonaga kirish imkoni yoʻq,&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.unicef.org/rosa/survival_development_2544.htm|sarlavha=UNICEF ROSA – Young child survival and development – Water and Sanitation|kirish sanasi=11 November 2011|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2017-12-03|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203013741/https://www.unicef.org/rosa/survival_development_2544.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindistonda 2013-yilda oʻn milliondan ortiq odam suv orqali yuqadigan kasalliklarga chalingan va buning oqibatida 1535 kishi vafot etgan, ularning aksariyati bolalardir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Over-1500-lives-lost-to-diarrhoea-in-2013-delay-in-treatment-blamed/articleshow/39186504.cms|sarlavha=Over 1,500 lives lost to diarrhoea in 2013, delay in treatment blamed|ish=The Times of India|muallif=Isalkar|ism=Umesh|sana=29 July 2014|nashriyot=[[Indiatimes]]|kirish sanasi=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2007-yil holatiga koʻra qariyb 500 million xitoylik xavfsiz ichimlik suviga ega emas edi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/world/asia/26china.html As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes]&quot;. The New York Times. August 26, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; 2010-yilgi tahlilga koʻra, [[Xitoy|Xitoyda]] har yili 1,2 million odam havo ifloslanishi tufayli bevaqt vafot etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/world/asia/air-pollution-linked-to-1-2-million-deaths-in-china.html|sarlavha=Air Pollution Linked to 1.2 Million Deaths in China|ism=Edward|muallif=Wong|sana=1 April 2013|kirish sanasi=1 December 2017|ish=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xitoyda uzoq vaqtdan beri avj olayotgan yuqori tutun darajasi inson tanasiga zarar yetkazishi va turli kasalliklarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Maji|first1=Kamal Jyoti|last2=Arora|first2=Mohit|last3=Dikshit|first3=Anil Kumar|date=2017-04-01|title=Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China|journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research|language=en|volume=24|issue=12|pages=11559–11572|doi=10.1007/s11356-017-8575-7|pmid=28321701|issn=0944-1344}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti|JSST]] 2007-yilda havo ifloslanishi Hindistonda yiliga yarim million oʻlimga olib kelishini taxmin qilgan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/07/070709-china-pollution.html Chinese Air Pollution Deadliest in World, Report Says]. National Geographic News. July 9, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Tadqiqotlar shuni koʻrsatdiki, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarida bu koʻrsatkich har yili 50 000 dan ortiq boʻlishi mumkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=David, Michael, and Caroline|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/air_pollution_-_effects.html|sarlavha=Air Pollution – Effects|nashriyot=Library.thinkquest.org|kirish sanasi=2010-08-26|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2011-04-30|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430113828/http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/air_pollution_-_effects.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shovqin bilan ifloslanish [[eshitish qobiliyatini yo'qotish]], [[yuqori qon bosimi]], [[stress]] va [[uyqu buzilishi]]ga olib keladi. Keksa odamlar asosan havo ifloslanishidan kelib chiqadigan kasalliklarga duchor boʻlishadi. Bolalar va chaqaloqlar ham jiddiy xavf ostidaligi olimlar tomonidan aytiladi. Qoʻrgʻoshin va boshqa ogʻir metallar nevrologik muammolarni keltirib chiqarishi isbotlangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://dutable.com/2015/08/26/environmental-pollution-has-become-2/|sarlavha=Environmental pollution has become an endemic and global attendance issues in Nigeria. The irreversible damage cannot be quantified in relation to environmental sustainability.|sana=26 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kimyoviy va [[Radioaktivlik|radioaktiv]] moddalar [[Saraton (kasallik)|saraton]] va [[tug'ma nuqsonlar]]ga olib kelishi mumkin. 2017-yil oktyabr oyida Lancetning ifloslanish va salomatlik komissiyasi ([[inglizcha]]: ''Commission on Pollution and Health'') tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqoti shuni koʻrsatdiki, global ifloslanish, xususan, zaharli havo, suv, tuproq va ish joylari har yili toʻqqiz million odamni hayotiga zomin boʻladi, bu [[OITS]], sil va bezgakdan vafot etganlar sonidan uch baravar koʻpdir, shuningdek, urushlar va inson zoʻravonligining boshqa shakllari natijasida kelib chiqqan oʻlimlardan 15 baravar yuqoridir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Stanglin |first=Doug |date=October 20, 2017 |title=Global pollution is the world's biggest killer and a threat to survival of mankind, study finds |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/10/20/study-global-pollution-worlds-biggest-killer-and-threat-survival-mankind/783321001/ |access-date=October 20, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tadqiqot xulosasiga koʻra, „ifloslanish [[antropotsen]] davrining eng katta [[ekzistensial]] muammolaridan biridir. Ifloslanish Yerning qoʻllab-quvvatlovchi tizimlarining barqarorligini xavf ostiga qoʻyadi va insoniyat jamiyatlarining davomiy omon qolishiga tahdid soladi.“

2022-yilda ''[[GeoHealth]]''da chop etilgan tadqiqot shuni koʻrsatdiki, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarida energiya bilan bogʻliq qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻi chiqindilarini yoʻq qilish har yili 46,900 — 59,400 ta erta oʻlimning oldini oladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GeoHealth_20220516&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mailloux|first1=Nicholas A.|last2=Abel|first2=David W.|last3=Holloway|first3=Tracey|last4=Patz|first4=Jonathan A.|title=Nationwide and Regional PM2.5-Related Air Quality Health Benefits From the Removal of Energy-Related Emissions in the United States|journal=GeoHealth|volume=6|issue=5|date=16 May 2022|pages=e2022GH000603|doi=10.1029/2022GH000603|pmid=35599962|pmc=9109601}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Atrof-muhit ===
[[Fayl:Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/220px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg|thumb| Tinch okeanining katta axlat yamogʻi]]
[[Atrof muhit]]da ifloslanish keng tarqalgani aniqlangan. Buning bir qator taʼsirlari mavjud:

[[Fayl:CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg/190px-CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg.png|thumb|190x190px| Yurisdiktsiya boʻyicha global karbonat angidrid chiqindilari (2015-yil holatiga)]]

* [[Karbonat angidrid]] chiqindilari okeanlarning kislotalanishiga olib keladi.
* Issiqxona gazlarining chiqarilishi ekotizimlarga koʻp jihatdan taʼsir qiladigan [[Iqlim o'zgarishi|global isishga]] olib keladi.

* [[Invaziv turlar]] mahalliy turlardan ustun turishi va biologik xilma-xillikni kamaytirishi mumkin. Invaziv oʻsimliklar tuproq va atrof-muhitning kimyoviy tarkibini oʻzgartirishi mumkin boʻlgan qoldiqlar va biomolekulalarga ([[allelopatiya]]) hissa qoʻshishi mumkin, bu koʻpincha mahalliy turlarning raqobatbardoshligini pasaytiradi.

* [[Azot oksidlari]] havodan yomgʻir orqali tushadi va ekotizimlar tarkibini oʻzgartirishi mumkin boʻlgan yerni kimyoviy [[Oʻgʻit|oʻgʻitlantiradi]].
* Tutun — [[Fotosintez|fotosintezni]] amalga oshirish uchun oʻsimliklar tomonidan qabul qilinadigan quyosh nuri miqdorini kamaytirishi va oʻsimliklarga zarar yetkazadigan [[troposfera ozoni]]ni ishlab chiqarishga olib kelishi mumkin.
* Tuproq unumsiz boʻlib, oʻsimliklar uchun yaroqsizga aylanishi mumkin. Bu oziq-ovqat tarmogʻidagi boshqa [[Organizm|organizmlarga]] taʼsir qiladi.
* [[Oltingugurt dioksidi]] va [[Azot oksidlari|azot oksidi]] [[kislotali yomg'ir]]ga olib kelishi mumkin, bu esa tuproqning [[pH]] qiymatini pasaytiradi.
* Suv oqimlarining organik ifloslanishi [[kislorod]] miqdorini va turlarning xilma-xilligini kamaytirishi mumkin.

2022-yilda [[Environmental Science &amp; Technology]] jurnalida chop etilgan tadqiqot shuni ko‘rsatdiki, antropogen kimyoviy ifloslanish darajasi hozirda butun dunyo bo‘ylab barcha ekotizimlarga tahdid solmoqda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Persson|first1=Linn|display-authors=etal.|date=2022|title=Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities|journal=Environmental Science &amp; Technology|volume=56|issue=3|pages=1510–1521|doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c04158|pmid=35038861|pmc=8811958|bibcode=2022EnST...56.1510P}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=January 18, 2022 |title=Chemical pollution has passed safe limit for humanity, say scientists |work=The Guardian |location= |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jan/18/chemical-pollution-has-passed-safe-limit-for-humanity-say-scientists |access-date=January 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari Milliy Tibbiyot Kutubxonasida ([[inglizcha]]: ''United States National Library of Medicine ('''''NLM''')) Toksikologiya va Atrof-muhit salomatligi haqida maʼlumot dasturi (''Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program ('''''TEHIP'''))&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html|sarlavha=SIS.nlm.nih.gov|nashriyot=SIS.nlm.nih.gov|sana=2010-08-12|kirish sanasi=2010-08-26|arxivsana=2018-09-01|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901172235/https://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; TEHIP va boshqa davlat idoralari va tashkilotlari tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan resurslarga kirishni oʻz ichiga olgan toksikologiya va atrof-muhit salomatligi boʻyicha keng qamrovli veb-saytni yuritadi. Ushbu veb-sayt maʼlumotlar bazalari, adabiyotlar, oʻquv qoʻllanmalari va boshqa ilmiy havolalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. TEHIP, shuningdek, Internetda bepul mavjud boʻlgan Toksikologiya Maʼlumotlar Tarmogʻi (TOXNET)&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/|sarlavha=Toxnet.nlm.nih.gov|nashriyot=Toxnet.nlm.nih.gov|kirish sanasi=2010-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; toksikologiya va atrof-muhit salomatligi maʼlumotlar bazalarining integratsiyalashgan tizimi uchun javobgardir.

=== Jinoyat ===
2021-yilgi tadqiqot shuni koʻrsatdiki, ifloslanish zoʻravonlik jinoyatlarining koʻpayishiga olib keladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Herrnstadt|first1=Evan|last2=Heyes|first2=Anthony|last3=Muehlegger|first3=Erich|last4=Saberian|first4=Soodeh|date=2021|title=Air Pollution and Criminal Activity: Microgeographic Evidence from Chicago|url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20190091|journal=American Economic Journal: Applied Economics|language=en|volume=13|issue=4|pages=70–100|doi=10.1257/app.20190091|issn=1945-7782}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Maktab natijalari ===
2019-yilgi tadqiqot ifloslanishni bolalarning maktabdagi salbiy natijalari bilan bogʻlagan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Heissel|first1=Jennifer|last2=Persico|first2=Claudia|last3=Simon|first3=David|date=2019|title=Does Pollution Drive Achievement? The Effect of Traffic Pollution on Academic Performance|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w25489|doi=10.3386/w25489}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ishchi mahsuldorligi ===
Bir qator tadqiqotlar shuni koʻrsatadiki, ifloslanish ham yopiq, ham ochiq ishchilarning mahsuldorligiga salbiy taʼsir koʻrsatadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zivin|first1=Joshua Graff|last2=Neidell|first2=Matthew|date=2012-12-01|title=The Impact of Pollution on Worker Productivity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-economic-review_2012-12_102_7/page/3652|journal=American Economic Review|volume=102|issue=7|pages=3652–3673|doi=10.1257/aer.102.7.3652|issn=0002-8282|pmc=4576916|pmid=26401055}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tartibga solish ==
Atrof-muhit ifloslanishining salbiy taʼsiridan himoya qilish uchun dunyoning koʻplab davlatlari turli xil ifloslanish turlarini tartibga solish, shuningdek ifloslanishning salbiy oqibatlarini yumshatish uchun qonunlarni qabul qilganlar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254437620_Optimal_Institutional_Arrangements_for_Pollution_Control|sarlavha=Optimal Institutional Arrangements for Pollution Control}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nazorat ==
[[Fayl:Litter_trap.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Litter_trap.jpg/220px-Litter_trap.jpg|thumb| Axlat tuzogʻi Yarra daryosida suzib yurgan chiqindilarni ushlaydi, sharqiy-markaziy [[Viktoriya (shtat)|Viktoriya]], Avstraliya]]
[[Fayl:Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg/220px-Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg|thumb| Termal oksidlovchi sifatida tanilgan havo ifloslanishini nazorat qilish tizimi, [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|AQSh.]] Zavoddagi sanoat havo oqimlaridan zararli gazlarni parchalaydi.]]
[[Fayl:Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg/220px-Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg|thumb| [[Prishtina]], [[Kosovo|Kosovodagi]] chang yigʻuvchi]]
Ifloslanishni nazorat qilish — bu atrof-muhitni boshqarishda ishlatiladigan atama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/pollution-control#:~:text=pollution%20control%2C%20in%20environmental%20engineering,of%20harmful%20substances%20and%20energies.|sarlavha=pollution control|kirish sanasi=18-avgust 2022-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifloslanishning nazorat qilinmasligi, ortiqcha isteʼmol qilish, isitish, qishloq xoʻjaligi, togʻ-kon sanoati, ishlab chiqarish, transport va boshqa inson faoliyatining chiqindilari, ularning toʻplanishi yoki tarqalishidan qatʼi nazar, atrof-muhitni buzilishiga olib keladi.

=== Amaliyotlar ===

* Qayta ishlash
* Qayta foydalanish
* Chiqindilarni minimallashtirish
* Yumshatish
* Ifloslanishning oldini olish
* [[Kompost]]

=== Qurilmalar ===

* Havoning ifloslanishini nazorat qilish
* Changni yigʻish tizimlari
* Termal oksidlovchi
* Bagajlar
* Siklonlar
* Elektrostatik choʻktirgichlar

* [[Biologik suzgich]]
* Sedimentatsiya (birlamchi davolash)
* Faollashtirilgan loy biotozalagichlari (ikkilamchi tozalash; sanoat oqava suvlari uchun ham ishlatiladi)
* Gazlangan lagunalar
* Qurilgan botqoq yerlar (shuningdek, shahar oqimi uchun ishlatiladi)
* Sanoat oqava suvlarini tozalash
* API moy-suv separatorlari&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|last=American Petroleum Institute (API)|title=Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil–Water Separators|edition=1st|publisher=American Petroleum Institute|date=February 1990|authorlink=American Petroleum Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Bakterial filtrlar|Biofiltrlar]]
* Kukunli faollashtirilgan uglerod bilan ishlov berish
* Ultrafiltratsiya
* Bugʻ bilan qayta tiklash tizimlari
* Fitoremediatsiya

== Narxi ==

Ifloslantirishning narxi bor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/01/29/the-staggering-economic-cost-of-air-pollution/|sarlavha=The staggering economic cost of air pollution|sana=January 29, 2016 at 3:04 p.m. EST}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifloslanish, firmalar uchun turli xarajatlarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. 2005-yilda AQShda ifloslanishni kamaytirish uchun kapital va operatsion xarajatlar qariyb 27 milliard dollarni tashkil etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=EPA,OA,OP,NCEE|ism=US|sarlavha=Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures: 2005 Survey {{!}} US EPA|url=https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/pollution-abatement-costs-and-expenditures-2005-survey|kirish sanasi=2018-03-07|ish=US EPA|sana=31 March 2016|til=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Eng ifloslantiruvchi sanoatlar ==
Rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda hayotga xavf tug‘diruvchi ifloslanishni bartaraf etishga bag‘ishlangan „The Pure Earth“ xalqaro notijorat tashkiloti har yili dunyodagi eng ifloslantiruvchi sanoat tarmoqlari ro‘yxatini eʼlon qiladi. Quyida 2016-yil uchun roʻyxat berilgan:&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=World's Worst Pollution Problems|url=http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/WorldsWorst2016.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Qoʻrgʻoshin kislotali akkumulyatorlarni qayta ishlash
* [[Kon sanoati|Konchilik]] va qazib oluvchi metallurgiya
* Qoʻrgʻoshin eritish
* [[Oshlash]]
* Chiqindixonalar
* Sanoat parklari
* [[Kimyo sanoati]]
* Ishlab chiqarish
* Boʻyash

Qishloq xoʻjaligi va savdo siyosati instituti hamda [[GRAIN]]ning 2018-yilgi hisobotida aytilishicha, goʻsht va sut ishlab chiqarish sanoati dunyoning eng yomon ifloslantiruvchilari sifatida neft sanoatidan ham oʻzib ketishga tayyor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Gabbatiss |first=Josh |date=July 18, 2018 |title=Meat and dairy companies to surpass oil industry as world's biggest polluters, report finds |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/meat-dairy-industry-greenhouse-gas-emissions-fossil-fuels-oil-pollution-iatp-grain-a8451871.html |access-date=June 29, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻi bilan bogʻliq sanoatlar ===
Faqatgina qazib olinadigan yoqilgʻidan foydalanish bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan tashqi havoning ifloslanishi har yili 3,61 million kishining oʻlimiga sabab boʻladi, bu esa iqlim oʻzgarishining asosiy omili boʻlishdan tashqari, inson oʻlimiga eng katta hissa qoʻshuvchi omillardan biriga aylangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6462052/|sarlavha=Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (25 March 2019).|arxivsana=|sana=25 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarixi ==

=== 19-asrgacha ===
Havoning ifloslanishi har doim [[sivilizatsiya]]larga hamroh boʻlgan. Ifloslanish [[ibtidoiy jamiyat]]dan, yaʼni inson birinchi [[Olov|olovni]] yaratgan paytdan boshlangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983Sci...221....9S/abstract|sarlavha=Indoor Air Pollution: A Public Health Perspective|sana=July 1983}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Metall zarb qilish uydan tashqaridagi havoning sezilarli darajada ifloslanishini yaratishda asosiy burilish nuqtasi boʻlib koʻrinadi. Grenlandiyadagi muzliklarning asosiy namunalari yunon, rim va xitoy metallarini ishlab chiqarishi bilan bogʻliq ifloslanishning koʻpayganini koʻrsatadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hong|first1=Sungmin|display-authors=etal|year=1996|title=History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=272|issue=5259|pages=246–249 [p. 248]|bibcode=1996Sci...272..246H|doi=10.1126/science.272.5259.246}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayl:DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg/220px-DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg|thumb| AQShda havoning ifloslanishi, 1973-yil]]
Koʻmir va oʻtinning yoqilishi va koʻplab otlarning jamoa joylarida toʻplanishi shaharlarni asosiy ifloslanish manbalariga aylantirgan. Angliya qiroli [[Edward I]] 1272-yilda [[London|Londonda]] [[wiktionary:seacoal|dengiz koʻmirini yoqishni]] eʼlon qilib, uning tutuni muammoga aylanganidan keyin yoqishni taqiqlangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pea-souper&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=David Urbinato|sana=Summer 1994|sarlavha=London's Historic &quot;Pea-Soupers&quot;|url=https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/londons-historic-pea-soupers|kirish sanasi=2006-08-02|nashriyot=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deadly&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sana=2003-01-17|sarlavha=Deadly Smog|url=https://www.pbs.org/now/science/smog.html|kirish sanasi=2006-08-02|nashriyot=PBS|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2011-06-28|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628202229/http://www.pbs.org/now/science/smog.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 19-asr ===
Sanoat inqilobi bugungi kunda biz bilgan atrof-muhitning ifloslanishini tugʻdirgan. London, shuningdek, 1858-yilda Temza [[Temza|boʻylab]] suv sifati bilan bogʻliq muammolarning oldingi ekstremal holatlaridan birini qayd etgan, bu esa tez orada London kanalizatsiya tizimining qurilishiga olib kelgan. Aholining oʻsishi mahallalarning chiqindilar bilan bogʻliq muammolarini hal qilish qobiliyatidan ancha oshib ketganligi sababli ifloslanish holatlari kuchaygan. Islohotchilar kanalizatsiya tizimlarini va toza suvni talab qila boshlaganlar.&lt;ref&gt;Lee Jackson, ''Dirty Old London: The Victorian Fight Against Filth'' (2014)&lt;/ref&gt;

1870-yilda [[Berlin|Berlindagi]] sanitariya sharoitlari Yevropadagi eng yomon sharoitlardan biri edi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|title=Cited in David Clay Large, Berlin (2000) pp 17-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 20 — 21-asrlar ===
Jahon milliy poytaxti uchun ibtidoiy sharoitlar chidab boʻlmas edi va [[Germaniya imperiyasi]] hukumati nafaqat kamchiliklarni bartaraf etish, balki Berlinni dunyoning namunaviy shahri sifatida shakllantirish uchun olimlar, muhandislar va shaharsozlarni qurilish ishlariga jalb qilgan. 1906-yilda ingliz mutaxassisi Berlin „jamoat hayotining ilm-fan, tartib va uslubining eng toʻliq qoʻllanishi“ degan xulosaga kelgan va „bu fuqarolik boshqaruvining moʻjizasi, u yerdagi eng zamonaviy va eng mukammal tashkil etilgan shahar“ deb qoʻshimcha qilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Berlin|volume=03|last=Phillips|first=Walter Alison|authorlink=Walter Alison Phillips|pages=785&amp;ndash;791; see page 786|quote=Dr A. Shadwell (Industrial Efficiency, London, 1906) describes it as representing “the most complete application of science.... ”}}&lt;/ref&gt;

20-asrning boshlariga qadar, Ichki ishlar vazirligi qoshida havo ifloslanishi boʻyicha qisqa muddatli idora tashkil etilgunga qadar boshqa shaharlar ham mamlakat boʻylab kuzatilgan. 1940-yillarning oxirida Los-Anjeles va [[Donora|Donora (Pensilvaniya]]) shaharlarida ekstremal tutun hodisalari kuzatilgan va bu yana bir ommaviy eslatma boʻlib xizmat qilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Donora&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Fleming|ism=James R.|sarlavha=History of the Clean Air Act|url=http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/|kirish sanasi=2006-02-14|nashriyot=[[American Meteorological Society]]|qaralgan sana=2022-08-14|arxivsana=2011-06-10|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610133251/http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayl:Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG/220px-Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG|thumb| [[Xitoy Respublikasi|Tayvan]]ning tutun bilan ifloslangan koʻrinishi]]
Kechqurun yoqiladigan yorugʻliklar bilan ifloslanish global muammoga aylanib bormoqda, muammo shahar markazlarida yanada jiddiyroq aks etadi, ammo shunga qaramay, shaharlardan uzoqda joylashgan katta hududlarni ham ifloslantirmoqda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Falchi|first1=Fabio|last2=Cinzano|first2=Pierantonio|last3=Duriscoe|first3=Dan|last4=Kyba|first4=Christopher C. M.|last5=Elvidge|first5=Christopher D.|last6=Baugh|first6=Kimberly|last7=Portnov|first7=Boris A.|last8=Rybnikova|first8=Nataliya A.|last9=Furgoni|first9=Riccardo|date=2016-06-01|title=The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness|journal=[[Science Advances]]|language=en|volume=2|issue=6|pages=e1600377|arxiv=1609.01041|bibcode=2016SciA....2E0377F|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1600377|issn=2375-2548|pmc=4928945|pmid=27386582}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahalliy va global ifloslanishning oʻsib borayotgan dalillaridan tobora xabardor boʻlgan jamoatchilik orasida atrof-muhitga nisbatan inson taʼsirini cheklashga intiladigan [[ekologiya va atrof-muhit harakati]]ning paydo boʻlishiga olib kelgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/environmental-issues/|sarlavha=John Tarantino. The Environmental Blog|sana=2012-01-11|qaralgan sana=2022-08-19|arxivsana=2012-01-11|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111153436/http://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/environmental-issues/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Biologik ifloslanish]]
* [[Kimyoviy ifloslanish]]
* [[Atrof-muhit salomatligi]]
* [[Ekologik irqchilik]]
* [[Aholining haddan tashqari ko'payishi]]
* [[Ifloslanishning neyroplastik ta'siri]]
* [[Toza havo qonuni bo'yicha issiqxona gazlarini tartibga solish]]
* ''[[Ifloslanish mustamlakachilikdir]]''
* [[Qurbonlik zonasi]]

{|
| style=&quot;width:250px; text-align:left;&quot; |'''Havoning ifloslanishi'''
----

* [[Havo dispersiyasini modellashtirish]]
* [[Arden Papa]]
* [[Emissiya standarti]]
* [[Issiqxona gazi]]
| style=&quot;width:250px; text-align:left;&quot; | '''Tuproqning ifloslanishi'''
----

* [[Ekologik tuproqshunoslik]]
* [[Qattiq maishiy chiqindilarni qayta ishlash texnologiyalari ro'yxati]]
* [[Chiqindilarni qayta ishlash kompaniyalari ro'yxati]]
* [[Chiqindilarni boshqarish mavzulari ro'yxati]]
| style=&quot;width:250px; text-align:left;&quot; | '''[[Suvning ifloslаnishi|Suvning ifloslanishi]]'''
----

* [[Kruiz kemalari orqali ifloslanish]]
* [[Dengiz qoldiqlari|Dengiz chiqindilari]]
* [[Dengizning ifloslanishi]]
* [[Shahar oqava suvlari]]
* [[Sanoat oqava suvlari]]
* [[Oqava suvlarning sifat ko'rsatkichlari]]
| style=&quot;width:250px; text-align:left;&quot; | '''Boshqalar'''
----

* [[Ishqor yog'ingarchiligi]]
* [[Iqlim o'zgarishi]]
* [[Kontaminatsiyani nazorat qilish]]
* [[Yer kuni]]
* [[Elektromagnit nurlanish va salomatlik]]
* [[Genetik ifloslanish]]
* [[Issiqlik bilan ifloslanish]]
* [[Nur bilan ifloslanish]]
* [[Ekologik muammolar ro'yxati]]
* [[Shovqinning sog'liqqa ta'siri]]
* [[Fazo chiqindilari]]
* [[Radioaktivlik]]
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Tabiat]]</text>
      <sha1>bdr7peta4dihg4syxtce2il3hizcpo8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ijtimoiy fakt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>789549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988848</id>
      <parentid>3761481</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T23:25:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>58913</id>
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      <comment>1 ta manba qutqarildi hamda 0 tasi oʻlik sifatida belgilandi.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7575" sha1="a3cvrpxdjtg5ode29ozdg520n2sskkj" xml:space="preserve">[[Sotsiologiya|Sotsiologiyada]] '''ijtimoiy faktlar''' — bu shaxsdan ustun turadigan va ijtimoiy nazoratni amalga oshirishi mumkin boʻlgan qadriyatlar, madaniy meʼyorlar va ijtimoiy tuzilmalar. Fransuz sotsiologi [[Émile Durkheim|Emile Dyurkgeym]] bu atamaga taʼrif berib, sotsiologiya fanini ijtimoiy faktlarni empirik o‘rganish sifatida tushunish kerakligini taʼkidladi. Dyurkgeym uchun ijtimoiy faktlar „individdan tashqarida harakat qilish, fikrlash va his qilish odoblaridan iborat boʻlib, ular majburlash kuchiga ega boʻlib, ular ustidan nazoratni amalga oshiradilar“. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rules&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|first=Émile|last=Durkheim|title=The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and its Method|others=W. D. Halls (translator)|editor=Lukes|location=New York|publisher=Free Press|year=1982|origyear=1st pub. 1895}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dyurkgeymning ijtimoiy haqiqati ==
Dyurkgeym ''&quot;Sotsiologik usul qoidalari&quot;'' asarida sotsiologiya nazariyasini „ijtimoiy faktlar haqidagi fan“ sifatida belgilab berdi. U ijtimoiy faktlarni „tasvirlar va harakatlardan iborat“ deb hisobladi, yaʼni „ularni organik hodisalar bilan ham, jismoniy hodisalar bilan ham aralashtirib boʻlmaydi, faqat individual ongda va u orqali mavjud boʻlmaydi“. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rules&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Emile Durkheim: What Is a Social Fact?|url=http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/durkheim02.htm|ish=www.csudh.edu|kirish sanasi=2016-02-09|qaralgan sana=2022-09-08|arxivsana=2016-03-11|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311033026/http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/durkheim02.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dyurkgeym ijtimoiy faktni quyidagicha taʼriflagan:

: „Ijtimoiy fakt — bu har qanday harakat usuli, qatʼiy yoki qatʼiy boʻlmagan, shaxsga tashqi cheklovlarga taʼsir qilishi mumkin;
:: yoki:
: Bu maʼlum bir jamiyat uchun umumiy boʻlib, uning individual namoyon boʻlishidan qatʼiy nazar, oʻziga xos mavjudotga ega“ &lt;ref name=&quot;Rules&quot;/&gt; .

U buni insonning kundalik hayotiga taʼsir qiladigan aniq gʻoya sifatida koʻrdi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Durkheim|first1=Emile|title=What is a Social Fact|journal=The Rules of Sociological Method|date=1982|page=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dyurkgeymning ijtimoiy faktlarning misollari orasida qarindoshlik va nikoh, valyuta, til, din, siyosiy tashkilot kabi ijtimoiy institutlar va jamiyatimizning boshqa aʼzolari bilan kundalik oʻzaro munosabatlarimizda hisobga olishimiz kerak boʻlgan barcha ijtimoiy institutlar kiradi. Bunday muassasalarning meʼyorlaridan chetga chiqish shaxsni guruhga nomaqbul yoki mos kelmaydigan qiladi.

Dyurkgeymning eng koʻp eʼtiborga olingan ishlaridan biri uning [[Oʻzini oʻldirish|oʻz joniga qasd qilish]] darajasining „ijtimoiy faktini“ kashf etishi edi. Turli tumanlarda [[Politsiya|politsiyaning]] oʻz joniga qasd qilish [[Statistika|statistikasini]] diqqat bilan oʻrganib chiqib, Dyurkgeym [[Katolik cherkovi|katolik]] jamoalarining oʻz joniga qasd qilish darajasi [[Protestantizm|protestant]] jamoalariga qaraganda past ekanligini aniqladi. U buni ''ijtimoiy'' (individualdan farqli oʻlaroq) sababga bogʻladi. &lt;ref&gt;Durkheim, E. ''Suicide''. 1897.&lt;/ref&gt; Bu yangilik deb hisoblangan.

Dyurkgeymning ijtimoiy faktlarni kashf etishi muhim ahamiyatga ega edi, chunki u alohida shaxslarning emas, balki butun jamiyatlarning xatti-harakatlarini oʻrganish imkonini beradi. Dyurkgeym jamiyatdagi har xil turdagi xatti-harakatlarning misollari yoki ifodalari sifatida individual harakatlarga ishora qiladi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|last=Schmaus|first=Warren|title=Durkheim's Philosophy of Science and the Sociology of Knowledge: Creating an Intellectual Niche|url=https://archive.org/details/durkheimsphiloso0000schm|date=1994|publisher=Univ. of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0226742519|page=[https://archive.org/details/durkheimsphiloso0000schm/page/38 38]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maks Atkinson va Jek Duglas kabi baʼzi zamonaviy, sharhlovchi, sotsiologlar Dyurkgeymning tadqiqotlariga ikki xil maqsadda murojaat qilishadi:

* Dyurkgeymning tadqiqotlari ijtimoiy tadqiqotchi tahlil qilish uchun toʻplangan maʼlumotlarning toʻgʻriligini taʼminlash uchun qanchalik ehtiyotkor boʻlishi kerakligining grafik namoyishidir. Dyurkgeymning oʻz joniga qasd qilish koʻrsatkichlari, asosan, turli jamoalar tomonidan maʼlum oʻlimlar „oʻz joniga qasd qilish“ yoki „oʻz joniga qasd qilmaslik“ deb tasniflanganining artefakti boʻlgan. U aniqlagan narsa ''oʻz joniga qasd qilishning har xil koʻrsatkichlari'' emas, balki oʻz joniga ''qasd qilish haqida turli xil fikrlash'' usullari edi.
* Uning tadqiqotlari, shuningdek, ijtimoiy maʼnoni oʻrganishga kirish nuqtasi boʻlib, bir xil koʻrinadigan individual harakatlarni empirik tarzda tasniflab boʻlmaydi. Ijtimoiy ''harakatlar'' (hatto oʻz joniga qasd qilish kabi shaxsiy va individual harakat), bu zamonaviy nuqtai nazarga koʻra, har doim ijtimoiy ''aktyorlar'' tomonidan koʻriladi (va tasniflanadi). Bundan kelib chiqadiki, bunday xatti-harakatlar toʻgʻrisidagi ijtimoiy faktlarni aniqlash umuman mumkin emas va istalmagan — lekin odamlarning muayyan harakatlarni qanday idrok etishi va tasniflashini aniqlash — bu tushunchadir. Bu inʼikos va tasniflarni bizning „kashfiyotimiz“ holati haqida soʻrash orqali yana bir murakkablik kiritiladi. Axir, bunday „kashfiyotlar“ tasniflashning ijtimoiy singdirilgan amaliyotlarini ''ham'' aks ettirmaydimi? Ammo, agar ijtimoiy faktlarni idrok etishning taxminiy kashfiyoti shubhali boʻlmasa, ijtimoiy faktlar haqidagi asl daʼvolar nima uchun ekanligini tushunish qiyin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Deviance and Social Control Unit M5: Suicide (2)|url=http://www.sociology.org.uk/devs2.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|last=Douglas|first=Jack D.|title=Social Meanings of Suicide|url=https://archive.org/details/socialmeaningsof0000jack|date=1967|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691621173}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maussning umumiy ijtimoiy haqiqati ==
Marsel Mauss (Dyurkgeymning jiyani va hamkori) uchun ''jami ijtimoiy fakt'' (fransuzcha ''fait social total'') „jamiyat, iqtisodiy, huquqiy, siyosiy va diniy sohalarda taʼsir koʻrsatadigan faoliyatdir“. &lt;ref&gt;Edgar (1999), 64&lt;/ref&gt; Ijtimoiy va psixologik hayotning turli yoʻnalishlari u ''umumiy ijtimoiy faktlar'' deb atagan narsa orqali birlashtiriladi. Jami ijtimoiy fakt juda aniq koʻrinadigan amaliyot va institutlarni xabardor qiladi va tashkil qiladi. &lt;ref&gt;Edgar (2002), 157&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Quote|These phenomena are at once legal, economic, religious, aesthetic, morphological and so on. They are legal in that they concern individual and collective rights, organized and diffuse morality; they may be entirely obligatory, or subject simply to praise or disapproval. They are at once political and domestic, being of interest both to classes and to clans and families. They are religious; they concern true religion, animism, magic and diffuse religious mentality. They are economic, for the notions of value, utility, interest, luxury, wealth, acquisition, accumulation, consumption and liberal and sumptuous expenditure are all present...&lt;ref&gt;Mauss (1966), 76–77&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar|30em}}

== Qoʻshimcha oʻqish ==

* Shaffer, L.&amp;nbsp;S. (2006). „Dyurkgeym aforizmi, asoslash gipotezasi va ijtimoiy faktlarning tabiati“. ''Sotsiologik nuqtai nazarlar'', kuz soni '','' 57-70. [http://pasocsociety.org/article5.pdf Toʻliq matn] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119174916/http://pasocsociety.org/article5.pdf |date=2018-11-19 }} .
[[Turkum:Ijtimoiy tushunchalar]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mamlakatlar pasportlari</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:54:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:Chinese_passport.svg]] [[Tasvir:People's_Republic_of_China_Passport_2012.svg]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) tu</comment>
      <origin>5988683</origin>
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      <text bytes="30913" sha1="nyrpfbo3i4gx2loutdqrxw0izwxky1w" xml:space="preserve">[[Pasportlar|Pasport]] — bu shaxsni tasdiqlovchi hujjat, mamlakatlar fuqarolariga boshqa mamlakatlarga borishiga ruxsat beruvchi buklet. Baʼzi hollarda mamlakatlar fuqarolariga pasportga oʻxshash sayohat hujjatlarini ham beradilar. Shuningdek, xalqaro tashkilotlar, xodimlariga odatda ''[[Sayohat hujjati|laissez-passer]]'' deb ataladigan sayohat hujjatlarini beradi. Ushbu maqolada hozirda chiqarilgan turli xil pasportlarning tasvirlari koʻrsatilgan.

== Zamonaviy oddiy pasportlar ==
[[Fayl:Passport_design_world_map.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Passport_design_world_map.png/730px-Passport_design_world_map.png|center|thumb|1000px| Dunyo boʻylab oddiy pasport muqovalari ranglari]]

=== Maxsus holatlar ===
Mamlakat sarlavhasi ''kursiv'' bilan koʻrsatilgan pasportlar miqdori juda cheklangan tan olingan hududlar yoki Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga aʼzo boʻlmagan davlatlar yoki Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga aʼzo boʻlmagan kuzatuvchi davlatlar tomonidan beriladi.

Biroq, Tayvan atigi 14 ta davlat bilan rasmiy diplomatik aloqalarga ega boʻlsa ham, uning „Xitoy Respublikasi (Tayvan) pasporti“ hali ham dunyoning aksariyat mamlakatlarida haqiqiy sayohat hujjati sifatida qabul qilinadi. Garchi uning pasporti (Tayvanda yashash huquqiga ega boʻlgan fuqarolar uchun) 137 mamlakatda vizasiz (yoki kirishda vizasiz) maqomiga ega boʻlsa-da, oddiy [[Tayvan pasporti]] [[Viza|Viza cheklovlari indeksiga]] koʻra dunyoda 29-oʻrinni egallaydi (Urugvay bilan bogʻliq)&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Global Ranking - Visa Restriction Index 2016|url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/files/download/HP/hvri/HP%20Visa%20Restrictions%20Index%20160223.pdf|nashriyot=Henley &amp; Partners|kirish sanasi=1 March 2016|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312121441/https://www.henleyglobal.com/files/download/HP/hvri/HP%20Visa%20Restrictions%20Index%20160223.pdf|arxivsana=12 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Argentina]], [[Braziliya]], [[Xitoy|Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi]] ([[Xitoy|XXR]]), [[Yamayka]] va Mavrikiy kabi baʼzi davlatlar Tayvanning siyosiy maqomiga oid pozitsiyalariga koʻra, Tayvan pasportlariga viza berish yoki muhr qoʻyishdan bosh tortadilar va buning tayvanlik sayohatchilarga Tayvanning Xitoy Xalq Respublikasidan (XXR) ajralib turadigan davlat sifatida tan olinishini oldini olish uchun hujjat yoki alohida qogʻoz varaqasi yoki alohida sayohatga vizalar beradilar.

=== Afrika ===
[[Fayl:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/170px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|left|frameless]]
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Passeport biométrique algérien Couverture.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algerian passport|Jazoir]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cover of Beninese Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Benin}} [[Beninese passport|Benin]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cape Verdean Passport Cover.jpg|{{flagicon|Cape Verde}}
Fayl:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Chadian passport|Chad]]
Fayl:Comorian Passport.png|{{flagicon|Comoros}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:New Djiboutian Passport 2022.png|{{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Djibouti passport|Jibuti]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cover of Congolese Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[Democratic Republic of the Congo passport|Kongo Demokratik Respublikasi]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:New Egyptian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egyptian passport|Misr]]
Fayl:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}} [[Eritrean passport|Eritreya]]
Fayl:Cover of Swazi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Eswatini}} [[Swazi passport|Esvatini]]
Fayl:Current Ethiopian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}
Fayl:Cover of Gabonese passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Gabon}} [[Gabonese passport|Gabon]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Ghana Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Ghana}} [[Ghanaian passport|Gana]]
Fayl:Passaporte Guiné-Bissau.jpg|{{Flag|Gvineya-Bisau}} &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Kenyan E-passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenyan passport|Keniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Libyan New Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libyan passport|Liviya]]
Fayl:Malagasy Passport Cover 2013.svg|{{flagicon|Madagascar}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Mauritanian passport|Mavritaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Moroccan passport|Marokash]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cover of Mozambican Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Mozambique}} [[Mozambican passport|Mozambik]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Namibia Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Namibia}} [[Namibian passport|Namibiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Niger Passport.JPG|{{flagicon|Niger}}
Fayl:Helenacover.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|Saint Helena}} [[St. Helena passport|Muqaddas Yelena oroli]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cover of Santomean Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|São Tomé and Príncipe}} [[Santomean passport|San Tome va Prinsipi]]
Fayl:Senegalese Passport 2025.jpg|{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Senegalese passport|Senegal]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passport of Seychelles cover cropped.jpg|{{flagicon|Seychelles}} [[Seychellois passport|Seyshel orollari]]
Fayl:Passport of Somalia nonbimetric.jpg|{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somali passport|Somali]]
Fayl:SA Passport Coat of Arms 2010 web.jpg|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South African passport|Janubiy Afrika]]
Fayl:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passport TZ.jpg|{{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Tanzanian passport|Tanzaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Togo passport.png|{{flagicon|Togo}} [[Togolese passport|Togo]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunisian passport|Tunis]]
Fayl:Uganda Passport - Ordinary Passport New 2019.jpg|{{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Ugandan passport|Uganda]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|SADR}} [[Sahrawi passport|Gʻarbiy Sahroi Kabir]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Shimoliy Amerika ===
[[Fayl:Location_North_America.svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/170px-Location_North_America.svg.png|left|frameless]]
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:British passport (Anguilla) new.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|AIA}} [[Anguillan passport|Anguilla]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Antígua-e-barbuda.passaporte.jpg|{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[Antigua and Barbuda passport|Antigua va Barbuda]]
Fayl:British passport (Government of Bermuda).jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|BMU}} [[Bermudian passport|Bermud orollari]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:British passport (Cayman Islands).jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|CYM}} [[British passport (Cayman Islands)|Kayman orollari]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Portada del Pasaporte Costarricense desde 2022.png|{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Costa Rican passport|Kosta-Rika]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Current cover Cuban passport.JPG|{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cuban passport|Kuba]]
Fayl:Dominican Republic Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Dominican Republic passport|Dominikan Respublikasi]]
Fayl:Passeport Groenland.jpg|{{flagicon|Daniya}} {{flagicon|GRL}} [[Greenlandic passport|Grenlandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Caribbean Community Grenada Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Grenada}} [[Grenadian passport|Grenada]]
Fayl:Honduran Passport Front Cover 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Honduran passport|Gonduras]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Jamaican Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jamaica}} [[Jamaican passport|Yamayka]]
Fayl:Pasaporte-electronico.png|{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican passport|Meksika]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:British passport (Montserrat) new.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|MSR}} [[Montserratian passport|Montserrat]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Front cover of the Panamanian biometric passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panamanian passport|Panama]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:SVG passport cover.png|{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines passport|Sent-Vinsent va Grenadin orollari]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:British passport (Turks and Caicos Islands).jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|Turks and Caicos Islands}} [[Turks and Caicos Islands passport|Turks va Kaykos orollari]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Us-passport.jpg|{{flagicon|USA}} [[United States passport|Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Janubiy Amerika ===
[[Fayl:South_America_(orthographic_projection).svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/170px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|left|frameless]]
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;120&quot; heights=&quot;120&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Passport of Brazil (2019).png|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian passport|Braziliya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Portada del pasaporte biométrico actual, vigente desde 2013.jpg|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chilean passport|Chili]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:PasaporteColombiaBiometrico.jpg|{{flagicon|Colombia}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Biometric Passport Peru.jpg|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peruvian passport|Peru]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Pasaporte Venezolano Mercosur.jpeg|{{flagicon|UNASUR}} {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuelan passport|Venesuela]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Osiyo ===
[[Fayl:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/170px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|left|frameless]]
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;120&quot; heights=&quot;120&quot; class=&quot;center&quot; classes=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Abkhazian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Abkhazia}} ''[[Abkhazian passport|Abxaziya]]''
Fayl:Afghan Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistani passport|Afgʻoniston]]
Fayl:Armenia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Armenian passport|Armaniston]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Karabakh passport.jpg|{{Flagicon|Republic of Artsakh}} ''[[Artsakh passport|Artsax]]''
Fayl:Azerbaijan Passport.svg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijani passport|Ozarbayjon]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Bahraincover.png| {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Bahraini passport|Bahrayn]]
Fayl:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladeshi passport|Bangladesh]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Brunei biometric passport.jpg| {{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Bruneian passport|Bruney]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cambodian Passport.svg|{{Flagicon|Kambodja}} [[Cambodian passport|Kambodja]]
Fayl:People's Republic of China Passport 2012.svg|{{flagicon|People's Republic of China}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Cover of East Timorese Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|East Timor}} [[East Timorese passport|Sharqiy Timor]]
Fayl:Georgian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgian passport|Gruziya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Hong Kong SAR of P.R.China Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport|Gonkong SAR (maxsus maʼmuriy rayoni)]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Indian Passport cover 2015.jpg|{{flagicon|India}} [[Indian passport|Hindiston]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fayl:Epaspor-nusantara.png|{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesian passport|Indoneziya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Iranian Biometric Passport Cover.jpg|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iranian passport|Eron]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Biometric passport of Israel.jpg|{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israeli passport|Isroil]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japanese passport|Yaponiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Kazakhstan Passport.svg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Kazakhstani passport|Qozogʻiston]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Kuwait passport.png|{{Flagicon|Quvayt}} [[Kuwaiti passport|Quvayt]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Kirguiz.jpg|{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstani passport|Qirgʻiziston]]
Fayl:Laos Passport.svg|{{flagicon|Laos}} [[Laotian passport|Laos]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanese passport|Lebanon]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Macau Biom Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} {{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macao Special Administrative Region passport|Makao SAR (maxsus maʼmuriy rayoni)]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:PMA-ICAO2010.jpg|{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysian passport|Malayziya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Maldives ePassport.jpg|{{flagicon|Maldives}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:PassportMongolia.png|{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Mongolian passport|Mongoliya]]
Fayl:Cover of Burmese Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Burma}} [[Burmese passport|Myanmar]]
Fayl:New nepalese passport front.jpg|{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepalese passport|Nepal]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Democratic People's Republic of Korea Biometric passport.jpg|{{flagicon|PRK}} [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea passport|Shimoliy Koreya (Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi (KXDR))]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Pakistani Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistani passport|Pokiston]]
Fayl:Regular Philippine Passport.svg|{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippine passport|Filippin]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Qa.png|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Qatari passport|Qatar]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|KSA}} [[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudiya Arabistoni]]
Fayl:2018 singapore passport cover.jpg|{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore passport|Singapur]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:KOR ePassport.jpg|{{flagicon|Republic of Korea}} [[Republic of Korea passport|(Koreya Respublikasi (KR))]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:South Ossetian passport cover.jpg|{{flagicon|South Ossetia}} ''[[South Ossetian passport|Janubiy Osetiya]]''
Fayl:Sri Lankan Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lankan passport|Shri Lanka]]
Fayl:REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN) PASSPORT 2020.png|{{flagicon|Taiwan}} ''[[Taiwan passport|Xitoy Respublikasi (Tayvan)]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:P TJK NEW.jpg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Tajik passport|Tojikiston]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Thai passport version3 cover 2020.png|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thai passport|Tailand]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Turkmenistan passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Turkmen passport|Turkmaniston]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:United Arab Emirates Passport Cover.png|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Emirati passport|Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passport of citizen of Uzbekistan. Cover.JPG|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Uzbekistani passport|Oʻzbekiston]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Vietnamese passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vietnamese passport|Vyetnam]]
Fayl:Republic-of-yemen-passport-non-biometric-01.JPG|{{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemeni passport|Yaman]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Yevropa ===
[[Fayl:Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/170px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png|left|frameless]]
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;120&quot; heights=&quot;120&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Åland passport.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Finland}} ''[[Finnish passport#Åland|Aland]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Albanian biometric passport (crop).jpg|{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Albanian passport|Albaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passaport andorrà.jpg|{{flagicon|AND}} [[Andorran passport|Andorra]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Reisepass at.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian passport|Avstriya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Пашпарт. Рэспубліка Беларусь. 2001.jpg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarusian passport|Belarus]]
Fayl:Belgian Passport 2008 cover.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian passport|Belgiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Bosnian Passport Cover.jpg|{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Bosnia and Herzegovina passport|Bosniya va Gersegovina]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passportbg.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgarian passport|Bolgariya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Croatian biometric passport.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Croatia}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Czech passport 2007 cover.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Czech passport|Chexiya Respublikasi]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:DK Passport Cover.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Danish passport|Daniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Eesti pass.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonian passport|Estoniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passeport Îles Féroé.jpg|{{flagicon|FRO}} [[Faroese passport|Farer orollari]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Finnish passport cover PRADO.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finnish passport|Finlandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:French Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|France}} [[French passport|Fransiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Reisepass Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Einband Vorderseite 2017.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Germany}} [[German passport|Germaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passport of Gibraltar.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|Gibraltar}} [[Gibraltar passport|Gibraltar]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Greek Passport.svg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greek passport|Gretsiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Guernsey passport.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Guernsey passport|Guernsey]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Hungarian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian passport|Vengriya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Icelandic Passport Front Cover.jpg|{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Icelandic passport|Islandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Eirepas.JPG|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Irish passport|Irlandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Isle of man passport.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Manx passport|Men oroli]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Italian biometric passport.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian passport|Italiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Jersey passport.jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{flagicon|JEY}} [[Jersey passport|Jersey]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passaporta e Kosoves.svg|{{flagicon|Kosovo}} [[Kosovan passport|''Kosovo'']]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:LR Pase.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvian passport|Latviya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:FürstentumLiechtensteinReisepassCover.jpg|{{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} [[Liechtenstein passport|Lixtenshteyn]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Pasas2008.gif|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuanian passport|Litva]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Luxembourg Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Luxembourgish passport|Lyuksemburg]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:PAEM.jpg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldovan passport|Moldova]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passport of Montenegro.png|{{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Montenegrin passport|Chernogoriya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Nederlanden paspoort 2011.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch passport|Niderlandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:North Macedonian Passport.png|{{Flagicon|MKD}} [[North Macedonia passport|Shimoliy Makedoniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passport Northern Cyprus.jpg|{{flagicon|Northern Cyprus}} ''[[Northern Cypriot passport|Shimoliy Kipr]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Norwegian Passport, New Design.jpg|{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Norwegian passport|Norvegiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Polska ePaszport 2019.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polish passport|Polsha]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Passaporte Português .jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese passport|Portugaliya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Romanian New Passport 2019.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Romanian passport|Ruminiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Russian ePassport.jpg|{{flagicon|CIS}} {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian passport|Rossiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Serbian Passport.svg|{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbian passport|Serbiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Slovak passport biometric.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Slovak passport|Slovakiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Slovenian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenian passport|Sloveniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Nya svensk pass.png|{{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Swedish passport|Shvetsiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Swiss Pass 2010.jpg|{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Swiss passport|Shveysariya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Transnistria.jpg|{{flagicon|Transnistria}} ''[[Transnistrian passport|Pridnestrovye]]''
Fayl:TurkeyPassport.jpg|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish passport|Turkiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Ukrainian passport 2015.jpg|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukrainian passport|Ukraina]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Vatican passport.jpg|{{Flagicon|Vatikan shahri}} [[Vatican passport|Vatikan shahri]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Okeaniya ===
[[Fayl:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/170px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|left|frameless]]
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;120&quot; heights=&quot;120&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Australian Passport Cover of P - Series.jpg|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian passport|Avstraliya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:RMI passport cover.jpg|{{flagicon|Marshall Islands}}
Fayl:Micronesia passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Micronesia}}
Fayl:Cover of Papua New Guinean Passport.gif|{{Flagicon|Papua Yangi Gvineya}} [[Papua New Guinean passport|Papua-Yangi Gvineya]]
Fayl:Cover of Tuvaluan Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Tuvalu}} [[Tuvaluan passport|Tuvalu]]
Fayl:Cover of Vanuatuan Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Vanuatu}}
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Xalqaro tashkilotlar va xalqaro huquqning suveren subyektlari ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;120&quot; heights=&quot;120&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Interpol passport|Interpol]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:UN-laissez-passer.jpg|[[United Nations laissez-passer|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laissez-Passer]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:UN-laissez-passer red.jpg|[[United Nations laissez-passer|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diplomatik Laissez-Passer]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Zamonaviy diplomatik pasportlar ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;120&quot; heights=&quot;120&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Australian passport|Avstraliya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Austrian passport|Avstriya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Canadian passport|Kanada]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:PRC passport (Diplomatic).png|[[Chinese passport|Xitoy]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Croatia - diplomatic passport.jpg|[[Croatian passport|Xorvatiya]]
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Danish passport|Daniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Estonian passport|Estoniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Finlanddippassport.jpg|[[Finnish passport|Finlandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[French passport|Fransiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Diplopass deutsch.jpg|[[German passport|Germaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Ghana Biometric Diplomatic Passport.jpg|[[Ghanaian passport|Gana]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Greek Passport (Diplomatic).svg|[[Greek passport|Gretsiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Hungarian Diplomatic Passport.jpg|[[Hungarian passport|Vengriya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Indonesian Diplomatic Passport.png|[[Indonesian passport|Indoneziya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Diplomatic Passport.jpeg|[[Kenyan passport|Keniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:New Zealand Diplomatic Passport Outside Front Cover.png|[[New Zealand passport|Yangi Zelandiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Image not available.png|[[Polish passport|Polsha]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:QueensMessengerpassport.jpg|[[Queen's Messenger|Qirolichaning Messenger]] pasporti
Fayl:Diplomatic passport of Russia.jpg|[[Russian passport|Rossiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Diplomatski Pasoš Srbije.png|[[Serbian passport|Serbiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Pasaporte ES.svg|[[Spanish passport|Ispaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Diplomatikpassport.jpg|[[Turkish passport|Turkiya]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:Diplomatic Passport of Ukraine.jpg|[[Ukrainian passport|Ukraina]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
Fayl:US Diplomatic Passport.JPG|[[United States passport|Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Fayl:EPassport_logo.svg|20x20px]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Turlari ==

* [[Biometrik pasport]]
* [[Ichki pasport]]
* [[Pasportlar|Xalqaro pasport]]
* [[Mashinada o'qiladigan pasport]]

=== Maxsus pasportlar ===

* [[Kamuflyaj pasporti]]
* [[Soxta pasport]]
* [[Yashil kitob (Tibet hujjati)]]
* [[Haj pasporti]]
* [[Uy hayvonlari pasporti]]

==== Turar joy huquqini bermaslik ====
Baʼzi pasportlar qoʻshimcha tasdiqlanmagan holda, hech qanday joyda yashash huquqini bermaydi va sayohat uchun turli xalqaro qabullarga ega:

* {{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Britaniya milliy (chet el) pasporti|Britaniya milliy (chet el) pasporti — GBN]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/en/6204/index.html PRADO documentation for British National (Overseas) passports] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424145557/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/6204/index.html |date=2017-04-24 }} Qaraldi: 14-mart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; xalqaro sayohatlar uchun keng qabul qilinadi
* {{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Britaniya mavzusi|Britaniya Subyekt pasporti — GBS]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/en/6207/index.html PRADO documentation for British Subject passports] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426153636/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/6207/index.html |date=2017-04-26 }} Qaraldi: 14-mart 2016&lt;/ref&gt; xalqaro sayohatlar uchun keng qabul qilinadi
* {{Flagicon|TON}} [[Tonga pasporti|Tonga himoyalangan shaxs pasporti]] sayohatni qabul qilish juda cheklangan

=== Fuqaro boʻlmagan shaxslarga berilgan sayohat hujjatlari ===

* [[Qochqin uchun sayohat hujjati|1951-yil Konvensiyasi sayohat hujjati]]
* [[1954-yil Konvensiyasi sayohat hujjati]]
* [[Shaxsni tasdiqlovchi guvohnoma]]
* [[Interpol pasporti]]
* [[Laissez-passer]] (Yevropa Ittifoqi va [[Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti pasporti|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti]] tomonidan chiqarilgan)
* [[Nansen pasporti]]
* [[Sayohat hujjati]]

=== Umumiy dizayn pasport guruhlari ===

* [[And pasporti]]
* [[CARICOM pasporti]]
* [[CEMAC pasporti]]
* [[Markaziy Amerika-4 pasporti]]
* [[ECOWAS pasporti]]
* [[Mercosul/Mercosur pasporti]]
* [[Yevropa Ittifoqi pasportlari|Yevropa Ittifoqi pasporti]]
* [[Yevropa Ittifoqiga nomzod davlatlar tomonidan berilgan pasportlar]]
* [[Besh Millatlar pasport guruhi]]

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Sayohat hujjati]]
* [[Shaxsiy guvohnoma|Shaxsni tasdiqlovchi hujjat]]

== Manbalar ==
[[Turkum:Pasport]]
[[Turkum:Davlat]]</text>
      <sha1>nyrpfbo3i4gx2loutdqrxw0izwxky1w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>HESA Ababil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>816005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988883</id>
      <parentid>5897387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T05:00:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:InfoboxHez.PNG]] [[Tasvir:Flag_of_Hezbollah_(thumbnail_placeholder).png]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · Hez could mean many things. tufayli).</comment>
      <origin>5988883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34055" sha1="hotivts1hzb2m1g9rvloby729l6fzyn" xml:space="preserve">{|{{Aircraft boshlanishi
| name = HESA Ababil
| image = Hezbollah Ababil UAV.jpg &lt;!--Please discuss image changes on talk page to gain consensus --&gt;
| caption = [[Hizbulloh]] Ababil-2 UAV, kuzatuv yukiga ega ikki dumli variant, [[Mleeta]], Livanda namoyish etiladi. Ushbu maxsus dron [[Mirsad-1]] sifatida tasvirlangan.
| alt = 
}}{{Aircraft turi
| type = '''Ababil-2''': [[Target drone]]/[[O'q-dorilar]]/Nazorat&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ababil-3''': [[Uchuvchisiz kuzatuv va razvedka havo apparati]] va [[Uchuvchisiz jangovar havo apparati]] (qurolli variant)
| national origin = [[Iran]]
| manufacturer = HESA Isfahan factory
| design group = [[Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company]]
| first flight = 1986&lt;ref name=&quot;advent&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://rasanah-iiis.org/english/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/THE-ADVENT-OF-DRONES-IRAN%E2%80%99S-WEAPON-OF-CHOICE-1.pdf|title=The Advent of Drones: Iran's Weapon of Choice|date=2-iyun 2019-yil|first=Naveed|last=Ahmad|publisher=International Institute for Iranian Studies (Rasanah)}}{{Dead link|date=2019-yil avgust}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| introduced = bahsli&lt;!-- Date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service --&gt;
| status = Faol
| primary user = [[Iran]]&lt;!-- Limit one primary user.  Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of their fleets. --&gt;
[[Tajikistan]]
| more users = [[Sudan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Syria]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Iraq]]&lt;!-- Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with &lt;br /&gt;. See Operators section for others. --&gt;
| produced = 1980dan-hozirgi kungacha
| number built = 370 &lt;small&gt;(2006)&lt;/small&gt;{{citation needed|date=2020-yil dekabr}}
}}
|}'''HESA Ababil''' ({{lang-fa|ابابیل}}) — Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan bir dvigatelli koʻp maqsadli taktik [[uchuvchisiz uchish apparati]]. Ababil ikkita asosiy turlari mavjud: Ababil-2 va Ababil-3. Ularning bir nechta variantlari mavjud. U uzoq masofali, past texnologiyali dron hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR449.html|sarlavha=Armed and Dangerous? UAVs and U.S. Security|nashriyot=RAND Corporation|muallif=Davis, Lynn E., Michael J. McNerney, James S. Chow, Thomas Hamilton, Sarah Harting, and Daniel Byman|sana=2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ababil dasturi Eron-Iroq urushi paytida boshlangan. 1990-yillarda ishlab chiqilgan Ababil-2 oddiy kuzatuv qobiliyatiga ega va oʻq-dori sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin asosan nishonga oid uchuvchisiz samolyot sifatida ishlatiladi. 2000-yillarda taqdim etilgan kattaroq va koʻproq funksiyalarga ega Ababil-3 razvedka, kuzatuv va nazorat qilish maqsadlarida foydalanish uchun moʻljallangan boʻlib, kuzatuv imkoniyatlarini yaxshilagan.  Umuman olganda, Ababil „arzon, sodda va foydalanish qulayligi“ tufayli „juda qulay va tayyor tizim“ deb taʼriflangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/transmission-iran-drones-syria/24680025.html|sarlavha=Are These Really Iranian Drones?|nashriyot=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|ism=Zach|muallif=Peterson|sana=17-avgust 2012-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ababil-2 va Ababil-3 Yaqin Sharq va boshqa mamlakatlardagi hukumatlar va harbiylashtirilgan kuchlarga keng koʻlamda eksport qilingan. Ababil 2006-yilgi Livan urushi, [[Iroq urushi]] va Sudan, Suriya, Iroq va Yamandagi fuqarolar urushlarida foydalanilgan. 

== Rivojlanishi ==
Ababilning dastlabki kelib chiqish tarixi aniq emas. Janeʼning xabar berishicha, Ababil dasturi Qods Aviation Industries kompaniyasida 1986-yilda boshlangan va birinchi yetkazib berish 1993-yilda toʻgʻri keladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft: Unmanned 2014–2015|year=2014|editor=Martin Streetly|publisher=IHS Jane's|location=London|isbn=978-0-7106-3096-4|pages=79–80}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eronlik harbiy ekspert Galen Raytning yozishicha, dastur 1980-yillarning oʻrtalarida Iran Electronics Industries kompaniyasida boshlangan va 1986-yilda Eron-Iroq urushida foydalanish mumkin boʻlgan sharoitda ommaviy ishlab chiqarish boshlangan. 

== Dizayni ==
[[Fayl:AbibilUAV.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/AbibilUAV.png/220px-AbibilUAV.png|thumb| Ababil-R ning pnevmatik yuk mashinasidan ishga tushirilishi.]]
Ababil silindrsimon fyuzelyajga, orqaga surish vertikal qanotiga va itaruvchi dvigatelga ega.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot; /&gt; U orqaga oʻrnatilgan qanotli oddiy ikki qanotli itaruvchi pervanel bilan ishlaydi va yaxshi tutib turish, barqarorlik va manevr xususiyatlari uchun oldingi kanardga ega. Barcha variantlarda 100 dan ortiq diapazonga ega va barcha variantlar butunlay metall konstruktsiya bilan taʼminlangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;/&gt;

Ababil nol uzunlikdagi JATO platformasidan yoki Mercedes Benz 911 pnevmatik yuk mashinasidan ishga tushirilishi mumkin.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;/&gt; Raketa uchirish tizimi kema palubasidan ishlatilishi mumkin va portativlik uchun yigʻilishi yoki parchalanishi mumkin. Qayta tiklash uchun parashyut 4 m/s tushish tezligini taʼminlaydi yoki skidlarni uchish-qoʻnish yoʻlagi yoki maydonga odatiy qoʻnish uchun ishlatish mumkin. Baʼzi samolyot korpuslari qoʻnish moslamalari bilan ham koʻrilgan. 

== Variantlari ==
Ababil bir qancha mukammal boʻlmagan hujjatlashtirilgan variantlarda qurilgan.{{Efn|A number of sources report a spurious &quot;Ababil-5&quot; designation based on a misreading of the name Ababil-S.}}

=== Ababil-1 ===
Ababil-1 1980-yillarda ishlab chiqarilganilk avlod droni edi. Uning texnik xususiyatlari nomaʼlum, maʼlum fotosuratlar yoʻq va u qachonlardir jangovar harakatlarda ishlatilganmi yoki yoʻqmi nomaʼlum. U xizmatdan chiqqan deb ishoniladi. 

Bir manbaning yozishicha, Ababil-1 aslida Ababil-2 ning prototipi yoki ishlab chiqarishdan oldingi versiyasi boʻlgan. U 40kg portlovchi moddalarga ega [[kamikadze]] dron sifatida tasvirlangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.pahpad.com/fa/news/348/%da%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%87%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7|sarlavha=چهارمین قدرت پهپادی دنیا ؛ از سینما تا جهان نما|ism=موسسه پرنده های هدایت پذیر از|muallif=دور|ish=موسسه پرنده های هدایت پذیر از دور|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2023-11-30|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130100512/https://www.pahpad.com/fa/news/348/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ababil-2 ===
[[Fayl:Ababil.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ababil.png/220px-Ababil.png|thumb| Rassomning Ababil-2 haqidagi taassurotlari]]
Ababil-2 takomillashtirilgan parvozni boshqarish tizimiga ega. Jaynʼning xabar berishicha, Ababil-2 birinchi parvozini 1997-yilda amalga oshirgan. Galen Rayt esa 1992-yilda ishlab chiqarishga kirgan. Ikkala manba ham Ababil-2 1999-yilda ommaga oshkor qilinganiga rozi boʻlgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;/&gt; Baʼzi manbalarda Ababil-2 ham '''Ababil-II''' deb nomlanadi.

==== Maqsadli dron ====
Eng keng tarqalgan Ababil-2 varianti havo hujumidan mudofaa ekipajlarini tayyorlash uchun foydalaniladigan maqsadli dron variantidir. Ababil variantlarining nomi nomaʼlum, ammo Jaynʼning xabar berishicha, bu variant '''Ababil-B''' deb ataladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;/&gt; Ababil-B missiyasining foydali yuklari akustik masofa koʻrsatkichlari, [[Infraqizil nurlanish|infraqizil]] qurilmalar va radar reflektorlaridir.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot; /&gt; Bu variant eng oldingi Ababil-2 variantidir va u 2001-yildan foydalana boshlangan.&lt;ref&gt;Interavia: Business &amp; Technology, Issues 649-659 (2001)&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nazorat ====
[[Fayl:Ababil-B_2006.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ababil-B_2006.jpg/220px-Ababil-B_2006.jpg|thumb| Eron Ababil-B JATO ishga tushirgichda.]]
Ababil-2 kuzatuv variantining nomi ham xuddi shunday noaniq, ammo Jany’ning xabarlariga koʻra, bu '''Ababil-S''' deb ataladi.

==== Ikki dumli variant ====
Ababil-2, shuningdek, egizak dumli variantda mavjud boʻlib, baʼzi (lekin hammasi emas) manbalarda '''Ababil-T''' deb nomlanadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;/&gt; Bu variant kuzatuv, maqsadli dron yoki bir martalik zarba beruvchi oʻq-dori yuklari bilan jihozlanishi mumkin. U Hizbulloh tomonidan boshqariladigan „Mirsad-1“ UBA bilan bir xil boʻlishi mumkin&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot; /&gt; va husiylar xizmatida „Qasef-1“ deb oʻzgartirilgan boʻlishi mumkin.&lt;ref name=&quot;conflictarm201703&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.conflictarm.com/download-file/?report_id=2465&amp;file_id=2467|sarlavha='Kamikaze' drones used by Houthi forces to attack Coalition missile defence systems|nashriyot=Conflict Armament Research|sana=2017-yil mart}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ababil-CH ====
Ababil-CH ning Ababil-T kabi ikkita orqa dumi bor, Ababil-B kabi maqsadli dron sifatida ishlatiladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;iaia&quot;/&gt; U Ababil-T dan biroz kattaroq.&lt;ref name=&quot;conflictarm201703&quot;/&gt;

==== Qasef-1 ====
Qasef-1 va Qasef-2K oʻq-dorilar ortiladigan versiyalari Ababil-2 samolyot korpusiga asoslangan va 30 kilogrammli jangovar kallakka ega.&lt;ref name=&quot;Janes201703&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.janes.com/article/68423/yemeni-rebels-display-uavs|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302184730/http://www.janes.com/article/68423/yemeni-rebels-display-uavs|arxivsana=2 March 2017|sarlavha=Yemeni rebels display UAVs|sana=2-mart 2017-yil|nashriyot=IHS Jane's|muallif=Jeremy Binnie}}&lt;/ref&gt; U faqat [[Yaman]] husiylari tomonidan boshqarilgan, ular asosan MIM-104 Patriot yer-havo raketalarining radar qismlariga hujum qilish uchun foydalanganlar.&lt;ref name=&quot;conflictarm201703&quot;/&gt; Qasef-1 2016-yil oxiridan beri foydalanilmoqda va baʼzi misollar Yamanga tranzit paytida aniqlangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;conflictarm201703&quot; /&gt; Bu [[Portlovchi moddalar|portlovchi]] zaryad yoki jangovar kallak oʻrnatilgan Ababil-T nomini oʻzgartirgan yoki oʻzgartirilgan boʻlishi mumkin.&lt;ref name=&quot;conflictarm201703&quot; /&gt;

Husiylar Qasef-1 samolyotlarini oʻzlari ishlab chiqarganini daʼvo qilmoqda, ammo bu daʼvo bahsli va u Eronda ishlab chiqarilgan degan shubha keng tarqalgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;conflictarm201703&quot;/&gt;
[[Fayl:Ababil-3.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chitgar_Naval_Exhibition_-_Ababil-3.jpg/220px-Chitgar_Naval_Exhibition_-_Ababil-3.jpg|thumb| Eronning Ababil-3. Eʼtibor bering, oʻrta tana qanoti, egizak dumi va gorizontal dumi bilan Ababil-3 boshqa Ababillardan juda farq qiladi.]]

=== Ababil-3 ===
Ababil-3 — bu Ababilning toʻliq qayta ishlanga versiyasi boʻlib, takomillashtirilgan havo korpusi faqat kuzatuv uchun ishlatiladi. u yaxshi jihozlarga ega va havoda uzoqroq vaqt davomida turishi mumkin. Baʼzi manbalarda Ababil-3 ham '''Ababil-III''' deb atalgan. Ababil-3 [[Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi|Janubiy Afrikaning]] Denel Dynamics Seeker va xususan, Seeker-2D modeliga asoslangan deb taxmin qilinadi. U Ababil-2 ga qaraganda kengroq eksport qilinadi va 2008-yilga kelib ishlab chiqarilayotgani maʼlum. 2006-yilda ishlab chiqarilgan oʻziga xos modellarga ega.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.uasvision.com/2020/04/02/is-irans-ababil-3-a-bribe-from-a-south-african-telco/|sarlavha=Is Iran's Ababil 3 a Bribe from a South African Telco ? &amp;#124; UAS VISION|sana=2-aprel 2020-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/iran%E2%80%99s-ababil-3-drone-might-be-bribe-south-african-telecom-company-139057|sarlavha=The National Interest: Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayl:Ababil_III_video_sample.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ababil_III_video_sample.jpg/220px-Ababil_III_video_sample.jpg|thumb| Ababil-3 real vaqtda video saqlashi mumkin.]]
Ababil-3 silindrsimon korpusga ega boʻlib, qanotlari tepaga oʻrnatilgan, korpusning oxirida esa H shaklidagi egizak dium joylashgan. Qanot dizayni toʻrtburchak boʻlib, uning yarmidan keyin qanot uchlari tomon torayib boradi. Ababil-3 qanotlari kengligi taxminan 7 metr, Ababil-2da esa 3 metr.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.janes.com/article/50922/hizbullah-airstrip-revealed|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718124644/http://www.janes.com/article/50922/hizbullah-airstrip-revealed|arxivsana=18 July 2015|sarlavha=Hizbullah airstrip revealed|sana=23-aprel 2015-yil|nashriyot=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|muallif=Nicholas Blanford}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bu nemis kompaniyasi Limbach Flugmotoren dvigatelidan foydalanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.generalbundesanwalt.de/de/showpress.php?newsid=467|sarlavha=Der Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof: Pressemitteilung|ish=www.generalbundesanwalt.de|sana=20-fevral 2013-yil|qaralgan sana=24-oktabr 2022-yil|arxivsana=30-mart 2019-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330114943/http://www.generalbundesanwalt.de/de/showpress.php?newsid=467}}&lt;/ref&gt;, yooki Limbach L550E boʻlishi ham mumkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08STATE50301_a.html|sarlavha=UAE-Based Intermediary Working to Supply Iranian Entity with German-Origin Uav Engines|sana=12-may 2008-yil|muallif=US State Department|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-12-02|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202071001/https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08STATE50301_a.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boshqa manbalarga koʻra, Ababil-3 L550 ning Xitoy yoki Eron klonlari tomonidan quvvatlanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.uskowioniran.com/2014/01/pahpad-ab-3-uav-powerplant.html|sarlavha=Pahpad AB-3 UAV powerplant|ism=Mark|muallif=Pyruz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ababil-3 ichidagi boshqa alohida qismlar irlandiyalik mudofaa pudratchilaridan olingan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/parts-made-by-irish-manufacturer-found-in-sudan-drone-426669-Apr2012/|sarlavha=Parts made by Irish manufacturer found in Sudan drone - reports|ism=Jennifer|muallif=Wade|ish=TheJournal.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayl:Qasef-1_composition.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Qasef-1_composition.jpg/220px-Qasef-1_composition.jpg|thumb| Yamandagi husiylardan saqlab qolingan Qasef-1da koʻrilgan Ababil-Tning shisha tolali konstruktsiyasi aniq koʻrinib turibdi.]]
Iroqda IShID nazorati ostidagi hududda urib tushirilgan Ababil-3 samolyotining tahlili, ehtimol mexanik nosozlik tufayli, Ababil-3 kompozit materiallardan qurilganini aniqladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://inteloniran.blogspot.com/2017/02/technical-commentary-on-captured.html|sarlavha=Intel on Iran: Technical commentary on a captured Iranian UAV|ism=Mark|muallif=Pyruz|sana=13-fevral 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elektr sxemasi tekis sirtli silindrli kallaklarga ega edi. Dvigatel Eron yoki Xitoyda ishlab chiqarilganmi yoki yoʻq aniq emas. Umuman olganda, ishlab chiqarish „juda tejamkor“ edi va Ababil-3 arzon narxlarda ishlab chiqilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Urib tushirilgan Ababil-3 modelida ham bir qator nuqsonlar bor boʻlib, ular yomon ishlab chiqarish yoki dalada ishlov berishni koʻrsatishi mumkin boʻlgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Ababil-3 samolyotlari [[Bandar-Abbos|Bandar Abbos]] yaqinidagi Minob shahri tashqarisidagi havo maydonida joylashgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;offiziere.ch&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=27907|sarlavha=Drone Activity in Iran|muallif=Dan Gettinger|qaralgan sana=31-dekabr 2018-yil|arxivsana=12-avgust 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812185823/https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=27907}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ababil-3 samolyotlari Bandar Abbos xalqaro aeroportida joylashgani ham maʼlum.&lt;ref name=&quot;offiziere.ch&quot; /&gt; Uni Ababil-3 RQ-2 bilan solishtirish mumkin boʻlgan versiyasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;offiziere.ch&quot; /&gt;

Ababil-3 ning havodagi maksimal tezligi {{Convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, uning diapazoni {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} ga teng (qaytish) va u {{Convert|5,000|m|ft|abbr=on}} xizmat koʻrsatish chegarasiga ega. Uning uchish davomiyligi 4 soat. 2019-yil iyul oyi holatiga koʻra, 217 ta Ababil-3 ishlab chiqarilgan. 

2014-yilda Eron Ababil-3 uchun tungi koʻrish qobiliyatini ishlab chiqqanini eʼlon qildi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/iranian-made_ababil-3_swallow-3_drone_is_now_equipped_with_night_vision_capability_0207143.html Iranian-made Ababil-3 Swallow-3 drone is now equipped with night vision capability] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712220001/http://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/iranian-made_ababil-3_swallow-3_drone_is_now_equipped_with_night_vision_capability_0207143.html |date=2017-07-12 }} — Armyrecognition.com, 2 July 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Avvalgi Ababil variantlari kunduz kunlarida foydalanishda eng samarali boʻlgan. 2020-yildan boshlab Eron Ababil-3 dronining qurolli versiyalariga ega.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.janes.com/article/95629/iran-unveils-armed-ababil-3-uav|sarlavha=Janes &amp;#124; Latest defence and security news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ababil-3 samolyotlari Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushida keng qoʻllangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;winter&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|last=Lucas Winter|date=2015-yil aprel|title=Special Look: Counter UAV.|journal=Operational Environment Watch: Foreign News &amp; Perspectives of the Operational Environment|volume=5|issue=4|pages=12|publisher=Foreign Military Studies Office}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rejim tarafdori kuchlarning xilma-xilligi ulardan foydalanishni kim boshqarishi yoki nazorat qilishini aniqlashni qiyinlashtiradi.&lt;ref name=&quot;winter&quot; /&gt; Ababil-3 2019-yil iyul oyida Pokiston hududida qulagan yoki urib tushirilgan. 

== Operatsion tarixi ==

=== Livan ===
[[Fayl:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Hezbollah_UAV.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Hezbollah_UAV.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Hezbollah_UAV.jpg|thumb| Hizbulloh Ababil-2ning vayronalari 2006-yil 7-avgustda uchirilgan.]]
Hizbulloh 2002-yilda Ababil-2 dronlarini (egizak dumli variant) sotib oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4221414,00.html|sarlavha=Hezbollah boosting drone unit|sana=27-aprel 2012-yil|nashriyot=Ynetnews|muallif=Ronen Bergman}}&lt;/ref&gt; va ularni Mirsad-1 nomi ostida boshqargan. [[Isroil]] 2006-yilgi Livan urushidan oldin Hizbulloh kamida 12 Ababil olganini aytgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;lamb&quot;&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Lambeth, Benjamin S. |year=2011 |title=Air operations in Israel's war against Hezbollah: learning from Lebanon and getting it right in Gaza |publisher=RAND Corporation |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG835.html |access-date=14-avgust 2018-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mojaro paytida uchta Ababil uchirilgan.

Birinchi Ababil 2006-yil 7-avgustda Shimoliy Isroil sohillarida Isroil F-16 tomonidan urib tushirilgan. Ikkinchi Ababil 13-avgust kuni Livan hududida qulagan. Hizbulloh tomonidan joylashtirilgan uchinchi Ababil Isroilning shimoliy chegarasida yana F-16 tomonidan urib tushirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;lamb&quot;/&gt; Hizbulloh 2009-yilda bir nechta Ababil uchuvchisiz uchoqlariga ega deb baholangan&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|url=https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09TELAVIV2501_a.html|title=40th Jpmg: Countersmuggling Technical Discussion (part 2 of 4)}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ammo boshqa hisob-kitoblarga koʻra 12 dan 24-30 gacha boʻlgan. 2018-yilga kelib Hizbulloh Mirsad-1 xizmatidan chiqqanini eʼlon qildi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://central-media.org/33806/634|sarlavha=الإعلام الحربي المركزي-في ذكرى #نصر_تموز... قوة #المقاومة الجوية حاضرة في #مليتا|ish=central-media.org|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2022-10-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025072912/https://central-media.org/33806/634}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hizbulloh Livanning [[Biqo vodiysi|Bekaa vodiysida]] ham katta havo yoʻlagi qurgan. Ushu koy samolyot yoʻlagidan kattaroq, uchish-qoʻnish yoʻlagidan uchiriladigan Ababil-3 uchuvchisiz uchoqlarni qoʻllab-quvvatlashi mumkin degan taxminlar bor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/this-new-airstrip-could-be-home-to-hezbollah-s-drones-bdec97ff36a8|sarlavha=New Airstrip Could Be Home to Hezbollah's Drones|ism=Adam|muallif=Rawnsley|sana=25-aprel 2015-yil|nashriyot=War is Boring}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hizbullohning Ababil-3ni boshqarishi aniq maʼlum emas.

=== Sudan ===
Ababil-3 Sudan bilan xizmatda. 2008-yilda Ababil-3 kuzatuv missiyasini bajarayotganda halokatga uchragan yoki urib tushirilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/sudans-drones-are-dropping-like-flies-ffa1be165291|sarlavha=Sudan's Drones Are Dropping Like Flies|ism=Peter|muallif=Dörrie|sana=5-may 2014-yil|nashriyot=War is Boring}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2012-yil 13-mart kuni Janubiy Kordofanning Toroji yaqinida yana bir sudanlik Ababil jangda yoʻqolgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;SAS Kordofan&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SAF-weapons-SK.pdf|series=HSBA Arms and Ammunition Tracing Desk|title=SAF weapons documented in South Kordofan|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]|date=2012-yil aprel|page=3|chapterurl=http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SAF-weapons-SK.pdf|access-date=2022-10-24|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022153116/http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SAF-weapons-SK.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sudanlik SPLA-N isyonchilari uni yerdan otishma yordamida urib tushirganliklarini aytishdi, Sudan hukumati esa bu mexanik nosozlik tufayli boʻlganini aytdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Warplanes: Iranian UAVs In Africa|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20120318.aspx|kirish sanasi=9-aprel 2012-yil|sana=18-mart 2012-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iroq ===
[[Fayl:Ababil_UAV.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ababil_UAV.jpg/220px-Ababil_UAV.jpg|thumb| Ababil-2 ning pastki qismi.]]
2009-yil 16-mart kuni [[Iroq|Iroqda]] faoliyat yuritayotgan Amerikaning F-16 samolyoti 2009-yil 25-fevralda Iroq havo hududi orqali „deyarli bir soat 10 daqiqa“ parvoz qilgan Eronning Ababil 3 uchuvchisiz samolyotini urib tushirdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=16-mart 2009-yil |title=Iranian drone 'shot down in Iraq' |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7946758.stm |access-date=16-mart 2009-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dron Bagʻdoddan 60 milya shimoli-sharqda, Iroq hududidan 12 milya ichkarida, [[Diyala muhofazoti|Diyala viloyatidagi]] Balad Ruz shahri yaqinida qulagan. Iroq Mudofaa va Ichki ishlar vazirliklari rasmiylari uchuvchisiz samolyot Eron qurollarini mamlakatga noqonuniy olib kirish yoʻllarini qidirib yurgan boʻlishi mumkinligini taxmin qilishdi.&lt;ref&gt;Shadid, Anthony, „U.S. Downed Iranian Drone Over Iraq“, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt; Biroq, ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'', uchuvchisiz samolyot Iroqdagi eronlik dissidentlarni, masalan, uchuvchisiz samolyot halokatga uchragan joyga yaqin joylashgan Ashraf Kampidagilarni kuzatayotganini taxmin qildi.&lt;ref&gt;Nordland, Rod, and [[Alissa J. Rubin]], „[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/world/middleeast/17iraq.html U.S. Says It Shot Down An Iranian Drone Over Iraq]“, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 17, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Iroq mudofaa vazirligining harbiy operatsiyalar boʻlimi boshligʻi Abdul Aziz Muhammad Jassimning taʼkidlashicha, dron „10km Iroq ichiga kirishda xato boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin.“&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=16-mart 2009-yil |title=Iranian drone 'shot down in Iraq' |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7946758.stm |access-date=23-aprel 2010-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yaqinda Ababil-3 PUAlari Iroqdagi fuqarolar urushida keng qoʻllandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;winter&quot;/&gt; Ulardan foydalanish 2014-yilning yozida [[Mosulning qulashi|, Mosul qulaganidan]] koʻp oʻtmay, Rashid havo bazasidan boshlangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/world/middleeast/iran-iraq.html|sarlavha=Iran Secretly Sending Drones and Supplies Into Iraq, U.S. Officials Say|ish=New York Times|sana=25-iyun 2014-yil|muallif=Michael R. Gordon and Eric Schmitt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Eron ===
Eron Ababil UBAlarning asosiy operatori hisoblanadi. Eron asosan havo hujumidan mudofaa ekipajlarini oʻqitish uchun koʻp sonli Ababil-2 BUAlarini boshqaradi va kuzatuv uchun Ababil-3 UBAlardan foydalanadi. 

=== Suriya ===
Ababil-3 PUAlari 2012-yildan beri Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushida foydalanilmoqda.&lt;ref&gt;Dan Gettinger, (December 2016) ''Drones Operating in Syria and Iraq''. &lt;/ref&gt; Ular juda koʻp ishlatilgan va urushda eng koʻp qoʻllaniladigan BUAlardan biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;serr&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/a-bunch-of-iranian-drones-have-crashed-in-iraq-a7610cdb815b|sarlavha=A Bunch of Iranian Drones Have Crashed in Iraq|ism=Adam|muallif=Rawnsley|sana=14-fevral 2015-yil|nashriyot=War is Boring}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ular ayniqsa [[Damashq]]da koʻp uchraydi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://osimint.com/2014/01/08/uavs-over-syria/|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027080129/http://osimint.com/2014/01/08/uavs-over-syria/|arxivsana=27 October 2014|sarlavha=UAVs Over Syria|sana=27-oktabr 2014-yil|nashriyot=Open Source IMINT|muallif=Galen Wright}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gʻazo ===
2014-yilning 14-dekabrida HAMAS jangarilari tashkilot tashkil etilganining 27 yilligiga bagʻishlangan Gʻazo sektoridagi parad ustidan uchuvchisiz havo vositasida uchib oʻtishdi. Isroil manbalari samolyot Eronda ishlab chiqarilgan Ababil ekanligini aniqladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Israel scrambles fighters as Hamas parades Ababil UAV|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-scrambles-fighters-as-hamas-parades-ababil-uav-407115/|sana=15 December 2014|muallif=Arie Egozi|nashriyot=FlightGlobal}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2021-yilgi mojaroda ham foydalanilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=&quot;So găng&quot; dàn vũ khí uy lực đốt nóng chảo lửa Gaza của Israel - Hamas|url=https://dantri.com.vn/the-gioi/so-gang-dan-vu-khi-uy-luc-dot-nong-chao-lua-gaza-cua-israel-hamas-20210515162532761.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yaman ===
[[Fayl:Qasef-1.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Qasef-1.jpg/220px-Qasef-1.jpg|thumb| Yamandan Qasef-1 samolyotining boʻlaklari.]]
Husiy isyonchilar Saudiya va Amirlik radar batareyalarini nishonga olish uchun „Qassef-1“ nomi ostida Ababil-T oʻq-dorilari dronlarini ishlatgan. Husiylarga koʻra, „Qassef-2K“ nomli dronning yangi varianti havoda 20 metr balandlikdan portlash va nishonga yomgʻir parchalari kabi tushishi uchun moʻljallangan va koalitsiya nazorati ostidagi [[Yaman|Yamandagi]] Al Anad havo bazasi 6 kishini oʻldirish uchun ishlatilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=10-yanvar 2019-yil |title=Houthi rebel drone kills several at Saudi coalition military parade |publisher=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190110-houthi-shiite-rebel-drone-kills-saudi-coalition-military-parade-yemen}}&lt;/ref&gt; Najron, Ar-Riyoddan 840 km janubi-gʻarbda Saudiya-Yaman chegarasida ham husiylarning uchuvchisiz uchoqlari hujumlarini olmoqda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/yemen-houthi-rebels-attack-saudi-najran-airport-190523140308211.html|sarlavha=Yemen's Houthi rebels attack Saudi's Najran airport – again}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2019-yil 14-sentabrda Saudiya Arabistonining neft infratuzilmasiga husiylar hujumidan soʻng, Saudiya Arabistoni raketalar bilan qurollangan F-15 qiruvchi samolyotlariga MIM-104 Patriot&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/iranian-backed-houthi-rebels-yemen-ramp-drone-missile-attacks-saudi-n1260488|sarlavha=Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen ramp up drone, missile attacks on Saudis|ish=[[NBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kabi quruqlikdagi baland balandlikdagi raketa tizimlari bilan toʻsqinlik qilish qiyin boʻlgan past uchuvchi dronlarni tutib olishni topshirdi. Oʻshandan beri bir nechta uchuvchisiz samolyotlar urib tushirildi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39186/yemens-houthi-rebels-strike-airliner-in-new-drone-attack-on-saudi-airport|sarlavha=Yemen's Houthi Rebels Strike Airliner In New Drone Attack On Saudi Airport|ism=Thomas|muallif=Newdick|sana=10-fevral 2021-yil|ish=The Drive|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-10-20|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112030/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39186/yemens-houthi-rebels-strike-airliner-in-new-drone-attack-on-saudi-airport}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2021-yil 7-mart kuni Saudiya Arabistonining bir nechta neft inshootlariga husiylar hujumi paytida Saudiyaning F-15 samolyotlari issiqlik izlovchi AIM-9 Sidewinder raketalari yordamida urib tushirilgan bir nechta hujumchi dronlarni urib tushirdi. Videoda kamida ikkita Samad-3 UBA va bitta Qasef-2K urib tushirilgani koʻrsatilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.seelatest.com/india/middle-east-saudi-f-15s-shoot-down-iran-backed-houthi-drones|sarlavha=Middle East: Saudi F-15s shoot down Iran-backed Houthi Drones - See Latest|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-09-27|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927034208/https://www.seelatest.com/india/middle-east-saudi-f-15s-shoot-down-iran-backed-houthi-drones}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/continued-houthi-strikes-threaten-saudi-oil-and-global-economic-recovery|sarlavha=Continued Houthi Strikes Threaten Saudi Oil and the Global Economic Recovery}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2021-yil 30-mart kuni Saudiya Arabistoni chegarachilari tomonidan tayyorlangan videoda Saudiya Arabistoni F-15 samolyoti AIM-120 AMRAAM qisqa masofadan oʻqqa tutilishi bilan Husilar Quasef-2K uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchoqni urib tushirganini koʻrsatdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39992/watch-a-saudi-f-15-fighter-swoop-in-low-to-blast-a-houthi-rebel-drone-out-of-the-sky|sarlavha=Watch a Saudi F-15 Fighter Swoop in Low to Blast a Houthi Rebel Drone Out of the Sky|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-10-20|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020143211/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39992/watch-a-saudi-f-15-fighter-swoop-in-low-to-blast-a-houthi-rebel-drone-out-of-the-sky}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Operatorlar ==

=== Joriy davlat operatorlari ===

* {{Bayroq|Iran}}&lt;ref name=&quot;2018b&quot; /&gt;
** Islom inqilobi qoʻriqchilari korpusining Aerokosmik kuchlari: Ababil-1, Ababil-2 va Ababil-3 
** Eron Islom Respublikasi havo kuchlari: Ababil-3 
** Eron Islom Respublikasi armiyasi: Ababil-2 
* {{Bayroq|Iraq}}: Ababil-3&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=180399|sarlavha=Hard landing Accident Ghods Ababil 3-2-R 139, 13 Oct 2015|ism=Harro|muallif=Ranter|ish=aviation-safety.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Bayroq|Sudan}}: Ababil-3,&quot;Zagil III-B&quot; deb oʻzgartirilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;serr&quot;/&gt;
* {{Bayroq|Syria}}
** Syrian Arab Army: Ababil-3&lt;ref name=&quot;2018b&quot;&gt;{{jurnal manbasi|last=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2018|journal=The Military Balance|volume=118|publisher=Routledge|date=14-fevral 2018-yil|language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Bayroq|Tajikistan}} Ababil-2, litsenziya ishlab chiqarish bilan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Iran Opens Military Drone Factory in Tajikistan - Politics news|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/05/17/2712404/iran-opens-military-drone-factory-in-tajikistan|kirish sanasi=17-may 2022-yil|ish=Tasnim News Agency|til=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nodavlat operatorlar ===

* {{Flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Xamas|Hamas]]
* Ababil-T, rebranded as „Qasef-1“.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png}} [[Hizbulloh|Hezbollah]]: Ababil-2, rebranded as „Mirsad-1“.
* [[Kataib Hizbulloh|Kataib Hezbollah]]: Ababil-3, rebranded as „Basir-1“. 
* {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Liviya milliy armiyasi|Libyan National Army]]: Ababil-2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Mitzer|ism=Stijn|sarlavha=Tracking Arms Transfers By The UAE, Russia, Jordan And Egypt To The Libyan National Army Since 2014|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/06/types-of-arms-and-equipment-supplied-to.html|ish=Oryx Blog|sana=23-mart 2021-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Texnik xususiyatlari (Ababil-2) ==
[[Fayl:Ababil-2_silhouette.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ababil-2_silhouette.jpg/220px-Ababil-2_silhouette.jpg|thumb| Ababil-2ning yerdan koʻrinishi.]]


'''Umumiy xarakteristika'''

* '''Ekipaj:''' yoʻq
* '''Yuk koʻtarish hajmi:''' 40 kg
* '''Uzunligi:''' 2.88&amp;nbsp;m (9&amp;nbsp;ft 5&amp;nbsp;in)
* '''Qanotlari uzunligi:''' 3.25&amp;nbsp;m (10&amp;nbsp;ft 8&amp;nbsp;in)
* '''Balandligi:''' 0.91&amp;nbsp;m (3&amp;nbsp;ft 0&amp;nbsp;in)
* '''Qanot hajmi:''' 1.76&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (18.9&amp;nbsp;sq&amp;nbsp;ft)
* '''Boʻsh holatdagi vazni:''' 30&amp;nbsp;kg (66&amp;nbsp;lb) taxminan.
* '''Maksimal yuk ortganda oʻgʻriligi:''' 83&amp;nbsp;kg (183&amp;nbsp;lb)
* '''Yoqilgʻi hajmi:''' 16 litr
* '''Quvvati:''' 1 × WAE-342 ikki silindrli pistonli dvigatel, 19 kVt (25 ot kuchi)
* '''Propellers:''' 2 qanotli

'''Texnik imkoniyatlari'''

* '''Maksimal tezligi:''' 370&amp;nbsp;km/h (230&amp;nbsp;mph, 200&amp;nbsp;kn) tekis parvozda
* '''Kreyser tezligi:''' 250-305&amp;nbsp;km/h (155-190&amp;nbsp;mph, 135-165&amp;nbsp;kn)
* '''Jang hoatdagi masofa:''' 120&amp;nbsp;km (75&amp;nbsp;mi, 65&amp;nbsp;nmi)
* '''Chidamlilik:''' 1 ¼ — 2 hr
* '''Ishlash balandligi:''' 3,000&amp;nbsp;m (9,800&amp;nbsp;ft) yoki undan balandroq

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Qods Mohajer]]&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;&gt;The Ababil-2 compares with the Mohajer-2; the Ababil-3 compares with the Mohajer-4.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[SAGEM Crecerelle]]
* [[Altec MART]]/Altec S-MART
* Aerosonde Mk 4.7

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{Notelist}}'''Atribut:'''

*

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum|Ababil}}
[[Turkum:HESA dronlari]]
[[Turkum:Eron uchuvchsiz boshqaruv apparati]]
[[Turkum:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>hotivts1hzb2m1g9rvloby729l6fzyn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Qods Yasir</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>816052</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988884</id>
      <parentid>3178341</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T05:01:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:InfoboxHez.PNG]] [[Tasvir:Flag_of_Hezbollah_(thumbnail_placeholder).png]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · Hez could mean many things. tufayli).</comment>
      <origin>5988884</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12120" sha1="k6ayr0i7m56jg7o01ar9qsvy7anmopp" xml:space="preserve">{|{{Aircraft boshlanishi
| name = Qods Yasir
| image = Yasir UAV 2013.jpg
| caption = 
}}{{Aircraft turi
| type = [[taktik kuzatuv va razvedka]]
| national origin = Eron
| designer = [[Qods Aviation Industry Company]]
| introduced = 2013-yil 28-sentyabr&lt;ref name=&quot;still&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://theaviationist.com/2013/09/29/yasir-drone/|title=Iran has unveiled a new drone based on a captured U.S. Boeing ScanEagle|date=29-sentabr 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| status = ishlab chiqarishda va xizmat koʻrsatishda davom etmoqda
| primary user = Eron
| more users = Iroq shia jangarilari
| produced = 2013'dan–hozirgacha
| developed from = [[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle]]
}}
|}'''Quds Yasir''' ({{lang-fa|یاسر}}), '''Sayed-2''' nomi bilan ham tanilgan, Eronning yengil taktik kuzatuv va razvedka [[Uchuvchisiz uchish apparati|uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz havo apparati]] (UBA)&lt;ref name=&quot;DOSI&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://dronecenter.bard.edu/files/2016/12/Drones-in-Iraq-and-Syria-CSD.pdf|sarlavha=Drones Operating in Syria and Iraq|nashriyot=Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College|muallif=Gettinger|ism=Dan|sana=2016-yil dekabr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qods Aviation tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://twitter.com/klkamashiq/status/915528136519012352|sarlavha=YASIR (يسير) أرشيف معرض الأمن والدفاع 2017 / بغداد|nashriyot=twitter|sana=4-oktabr 2017-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bu goʻyoki Eron tomonidan qoʻlga olingan va teskari ishlab chiqilgan Amerika Boeing Insitu ScanEagle dronining litsenziyasiz nusxasi, lekin dizaynda ba’zi oʻzgarishlar mavjud.

Eron 2012-yil dekabr oyida Scaneagleni qoʻlga oldi va „Qods Yasir“ taxminan oʻn oydan soʻng, 2013-yil sentyabr oyida taqdim etildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;DOSI&quot;/&gt; Yasirning yagona davlat operatori Erondir. U kamida bitta nodavlat aktyorga eksport qilingan va yana bir nechtasiga eksport qilingani aytilmoqda.&lt;ref name=&quot;DOSI&quot; /&gt;

Yasir UBAlari Eron ittifoqchilari tomonidan [[Iroq]] va [[Suriya|Suriyadagi]] fuqarolik urushlarida ishlatilgan, ehtimol Eronning kattaroq uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchish apparatlari bilan solishtirganda ularning maydoni kichikligi sababli.&lt;ref name=&quot;advent&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://rasanah-iiis.org/english/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/THE-ADVENT-OF-DRONES-IRAN%E2%80%99S-WEAPON-OF-CHOICE-1.pdf|sarlavha=The Advent of Drones: Iran's Weapon of Choice|sana=2-iyun 2019-yil|ism=Naveed|muallif=Ahmad|nashriyot=International Institute for Iranian Studies (Rasanah)}}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=noyabr 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rivojlanishi ==
[[Fayl:Yasir_(6).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Yasir_%286%29.jpg/220px-Yasir_%286%29.jpg|thumb| Launcherda Yasir.]]
2012-yil 4-dekabrda Eron [[Fors koʻrfazi|Fors koʻrfazi]] ustidagi havo hududini buzgan Amerikaning Boeing Insitu ScanEagle samolyotini qoʻlga olganini eʼlon qildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=7-fevral 2012-yil |title=Iran broadcasts footage 'extracted from CIA spy drone' |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/07/iran-footage-cia-spy-drone |access-date=31-yanvar 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; AQSh harbiy-dengiz kuchlari oʻzining ScanEagle samolyotlaridan hech biri yoʻqolmaganini ma’lum qildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=4-dekabr 2012-yil |title=U.S. Navy Denies Iran's Claim to Have Captured Drone |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/05/world/middleeast/iran-says-it-seized-another-american-drone.html |access-date=31-yanvar 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biroq, Yaqin Sharqda boshqa ScanEagle operatorlari mavjud. Oʻsha oyning oxirida, 2012-yil 17-dekabrda Eron uchta ScanEagle&lt;ref name=&quot;haaretz&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/iran-says-it-captured-two-more-u-s-drones-before-scaneagle-1.485396|sarlavha=Iran says it captured two more U.S. drones before ScanEagle|nashriyot=Haaretz|qaralgan sana=31-yanvar 2014-yil|sana=17-dekabr 2012-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; daʼvosiga oʻzgartirish kiritdi va ScanEagle’ni teskari muhandislik va ommaviy ishlab chiqarishga harakat qilishlarini aytdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;upi&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Technology/2012/12/17/Iran-says-its-producing-ScanEagle-drone/UPI-31951355758637|sarlavha=Iran says it will produce ScanEagle-type drone|nashriyot=UPI|qaralgan sana=31-yanvar 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajablanarlisi shundaki, Eron, shuningdek, ScanEagle-ni allaqachon teskari muhandislik, ommaviy ishlab chiqarish va foydalanishga topshirishni daʼvo qildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;haaretz&quot; /&gt; UBA 2013-yil sentabr oyida xizmatga kirgan va “Yosir” nomini olganida ommaviy axborot vositalariga taqdim etilgan. 

2013-yil oktabr oyida IRGK Rossiya Harbiy-havo kuchlari qoʻmondoni general-leytenant [[Viktor Bondarev|Viktor Bondarevga]] sovgʻa sifatida “Yasir” uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchoqni sovgʻa qildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;theguardian&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/21/iran-russia-us-scaneagle-spy-drone-production-capture|sarlavha=Iran gives Russia copy of US ScanEagle drone as proof of mass production|sana=21-oktabr 2013-yil|nashriyot=theguardian.com|qaralgan sana=31-yanvar 2014-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dizayni ==
Yasir qanotlarini orqaga surib, burni ostida katta yuk pufakchasi bor. ScanEagle-dan farqli oʻlaroq, u teskari V-dumli va egizak bumli empennajga ega. Yasir bitta, nomaʼlum, ikki qanotli pervaneli dvigatelga ega.&lt;ref name=&quot;DOSI&quot;/&gt; U elektro-optik foydali yukni koʻtaradi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cjs&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/141007_Iran_Rocket_Missile_forces.pdf|sarlavha=Iran's Rocket and Missile Forces and Strategic Options|muallif=Anthony H. Cordesman, with the assistance of Scott Modell, Aaron Lin, and Michael Peacock|sana=7-oktabr 2014-yil|nashriyot=Center for Strategic and International Studies|qaralgan sana=24-oktabr 2022-yil|arxivsana=18-oktabr 2017-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018131618/https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/141007_Iran_Rocket_Missile_forces.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shuningdek, u bir martalik zarba beruvchi oʻq-dori sifatida foydalanish uchun portlovchi yuk bilan jihozlanishi mumkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2015/01/06/610132/senior-army-commander-iran-turns-yasir-into-suicide-drone|sarlavha=Senior Army Commander: Iran Turns Yasir into Suicide Drone|nashriyot=Tasnim News Agency|sana=6-yanvar 2015-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yosirning uzunligi 1,19 metr, qanotlari uzunligi 3,05 metr va ogʻirligi 18 kgni tashkil qiladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1397/09/02/1882422/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%BA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3|sarlavha=تکرار/ کلکسیون پهپادهای غنیمتی سپاه از آمریکا + عکس- اخبار سیاسی - اخبار تسنیم - Tasnim}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bu ScanEagle-ga oʻxshaydi, lekin bir oz kichikroq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.janes.com/article/27825/iran-shows-off-new-yasir-uav|sarlavha=Janes &amp;#124; Latest defence and security news}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uning tezligi 120&amp;nbsp;km/soatga teng. Maksimal uchish chidamlilik 20 soat, yuqorilash balandligi 16000 metr va aloqa masofasi 100 kmgacha yetadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1395/07/10/1201464/پیشرفت-شگرف-ایران-در-عرصه-پهپادی-نمایش-اولین-بمب-افکن-ساخت-سپاه-تصاویر|sarlavha=خبرگزاری تسنیم - پیشرفت شگرف ایران در عرصه پهپادی/ نمایش اولین بمب‌افکن ساخت سپاه + تصاویر|ish=www.tasnimnews.com|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004091246/http://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1395/07/10/1201464/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B5%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1|arxivsana=2016-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Operatsion tarixi ==
[[Fayl:Disassembled_Yasir_UAV_in_carrying_case.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Disassembled_Yasir_UAV_in_carrying_case.jpg/220px-Disassembled_Yasir_UAV_in_carrying_case.jpg|thumb| Demontaj qilingan Yasir o'zining yuk qutisida]]

=== Eron ===
Hech boʻlmaganda baʼzi Yasirlar Eronning Qeshm orolidagi dron bazasida joylashgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/03/13/iran-relocates-radar-expands-uav-airfield-qeshm/|sarlavha=Iran Relocates Radar and Expands UAV Airfield on Qeshm - bellingcat|sana=13-mart 2018-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Livan ===
2014-yil boshida Livan kuchlari rahbari Samir Geajaning Maʼarab majmuasi ustida nomaʼlum uchuvchisiz uchuvchi samolyotning takroriy uchishi ortidan deputat Antuan Zahra Hizbullohni Geageani kuzatish va ehtimol uni oʻldirish maqsadida Yasir uchuvchisiz uchoqda uchganlikda aybladi.  Isroil manbalariga koʻra, Hizbulloh Yasir uchuvchisiz uchoqlarini ham boshqargan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.debka.com/article/25558/Drone-over-N-Israel-Iranian-with-stolen-US-apps-|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805082040/https://www.debka.com/article/25558/Drone-over-N-Israel-Iranian-with-stolen-US-apps-|arxivsana=5 August 2016|sarlavha=Drone over N. Israel: Iranian with stolen US apps|sana=5-avgust 2016-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayl:Yasir_UAV_sensor.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Yasir_UAV_sensor.jpg/220px-Yasir_UAV_sensor.jpg|thumb| Sensorlari]]
[[Fayl:Yasir_(0).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Yasir_%280%29.jpg/220px-Yasir_%280%29.jpg|thumb| Uchirish moslamasi bilan UBA]]

=== Iroq ===
Iroqning shia jangarilari Harakat Hizbullah al-Nujaba oltita Yasir uchuvchisiz uchoqlarini oldi.&lt;ref name=&quot;trackpersia.com&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=31076|sarlavha=How Iranian-backed Shiite militias in Iraq got US drones|ish=Offiziere.ch|sana=6-iyun 2017-yil|muallif=Austin Michael Bodetti|qaralgan sana=13-sentabr 2018-yil|arxivsana=13-sentabr 2018-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913223611/https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=31076}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xabarlarga koʻra, &quot;Kataib Hizbulloh &quot; ham „Yosir“ uchuvchisiz uchoqlarini qabul qilib olgan, ammo ular kamdan-kam ishlatadilar.&lt;ref name=&quot;trackpersia.com&quot; /&gt; “Jund al-Imom Ali” shia militsiyasi ham Yasir uchuvchisiz uchoqlarini qabul qilib olgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;trackpersia.com&quot; /&gt;

=== Suriya ===
Yasir 2013-yilda [[Damashq]] uzra koʻrindi&lt;ref name=&quot;DOSI&quot;/&gt; Ular [[Hims|Homs]] va [[Halab|Halabda]] ham kuzatilgan. 

== Operatorlar ==

=== Davlat operatorlari ===

;  Eron

* IRGC
* Eron Islom Respublikasi armiyasi quruqlikdagi kuchlari&lt;ref name=&quot;DOSI&quot;/&gt;

=== Nodavlat operatorlar ===

* Harakat Hizbulloh al-Nujaba
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png}}[[Hizbulloh]] (iddao qilingan)
* [[Katoib Hizbulloh]] (iddao qilingan)
* Kataib al-Imam Ali (iddao qilingan)

== Texnik xususiyatlari ==
'''Umumiy xarakteristikasi'''

* '''Ekipaj:''' yoʻq
* '''Qanotlari:''' 1.19&amp;nbsp;m (3&amp;nbsp;ft 11&amp;nbsp;in)
* '''Qanotlari kengligi:''' 3.05&amp;nbsp;m (10&amp;nbsp;ft 0&amp;nbsp;in)
* '''Vazni:''' 19&amp;nbsp;kg (42&amp;nbsp;lb)
* '''Propellari:''' 2 qanotli

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 120%;&quot;&gt;'''Texnik imkoniyatlari'''&lt;/span&gt;
* '''Maksimal tezligi:''' 120&amp;nbsp;km/h (75&amp;nbsp;mph, 65&amp;nbsp;kn)
* '''Chidamlilik:''' 8 soatdan 20 soatgacha
* '''Ishlash balandligi:''' 4,600&amp;nbsp;m (15,000&amp;nbsp;ft)

== Yana qarang ==

* Eron-AQSh RQ-170 hodisasi - Eron tomonidan qoʻlga olingan Amerika UAVning oldingi va shunga oʻxshash hodisasi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Dronlar]]
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  <page>
    <title>Ilam (Eron)</title>
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      <comment>1 ta manba qutqarildi hamda 0 tasi oʻlik sifatida belgilandi.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="4660" sha1="91f9zkarot964ja1h651si3k916onfj" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti|asl nomi=ئیلام|mavqe=Shahar|tasvir=Ilam3.jpg|asos solingan=|sanalgan yil=2016 Census|aholi=194,030&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.amar.org.ir/english | title=Statistical Center of Iran &gt; Home }}&lt;/ref&gt;|vaqt mintaqasi=[[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]|sayt={{URL|http://www.e-ilam.ir/}}|nomi=|mamlakat=Eron}}
'''Ilam''' ({{lang-fa|{{audio|fa-Ilam.ogg|ایلام|help=no}}}}; '''Īlām''' sifatida romanizatsiya qilingan)&lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet3|-3067203}}&lt;/ref&gt; — [[Eron]]ning Ilam viloyatidagi shahar va uning markazi. 2011-yilgi aholini roʻyxatga olish maʼlumotlariga koʻra, uning aholisi 213,579 kishi, 52,474 oila edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/2/pdf/jamiat_shahrestan_keshvar3.pdf|sarlavha=www.amar.org.ir|kirish sanasi=4-oktabr 2017-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801022208/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/2/pdf/jamiat_shahrestan_keshvar3.pdf|arxivsana=1 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kabir Kuh togʻ tizmasi shahardan sharqda joylashgan. Gʻarbdan [[Iroq]] bilan chegaradosh.
== Tili ==
Shaharda janubiy kurd tilida gaplashadigan kurdlar yashaydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |title=زبان و گویش مردم ایلام |language=forscha |work=خبرگزاری برنا |url=https://www.borna.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-70/468835-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 |access-date=15-sentabr 2018-yil |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803121117/https://www.borna.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-70/468835-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tillar tarkibi:&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|muallif=|ism=|sana=|sarlavha=Language distribution: Ilam Province|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.ilam#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiI5MTIyOTFmNDM3Yjg4NzkxNThkOTQ2ZTNhNjQwOTkyZCIsInMiOjE2Mjk3Mjc3MDcwNTZ9|arxivurl=|arxivsana=|kirish sanasi=23-avgust 2021-yil|ish=Iran Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Bar box|title=Ilamda so'zlashiladigan tillar|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|[[Janubiy kurdcha]]|yellow|83}}
{{bar percent|[[Fors tili]]|orange|10}}
{{bar percent|[[Luri tili|Luri]]|navy|3}}
{{bar percent|[[Laki tili|Laki]]|green|2}}
{{bar percent|[[Arab tili]]|darkred|2}}}}
== Arxitekturasi ==
Eronning boshqa koʻplab mintaqalari singari Ilomdagi meʼmorchilik anʼanaviy va zamonaviy davrlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Hududda aholining koʻpayib borishi va rivojlanish meʼmorchilikning anʼanaviy uslubdan zamonaviy uslubga oʻtishiga yordam berdi.

Gubernator qal’asi, Falahati saroyi va Mirgʻulom qal’asi Ilamda saqlanib qolgan anʼanaviy binolarga misoldir. Hovlili uy anʼanaviy uslub binolarining asosiy turi hisoblanadi. Ushbu turdagi binolar iqlim va madaniy sabablarga koʻra butun Eronda asosiy qurilish turi sifatida qabul qilingan. Bu kabi binolar, asosan, gʻishtdan qurilgan. Eron anʼanaviy binolari uchun koʻrsatilgan ''passiv issiqlik texnikasi'' odatda bu binolarda qoʻllanadi.

Ilam Gubernator qal’asi hovli tipida qurilgan. Yozda haroratni pasaytirish yashil landshaft, baland daraxtlar va hovuz yordamida amalga oshirilgan. Ilamning Mirgʻulom qal’asi klassik Eron hovlisiga misol boʻla oladi. Ilgari Ilamdagi anʼanaviy binolarda tekis tomlardan foydalanilgan. Buni Falahati saroyi tomida ham koʻrishimiz mumkin&lt;ref&gt;J Khodakarami. &lt;/ref&gt;.

== Iqlimi ==
Ilam Eronning sovuq togʻli mintaqasi dengiz sadhidan {{Convert|1319|m|ft|-1}} yuqori. U Eron gʻarbida 33° 38´ shimoliy kenglikda va 46° 26´ sharqiy uzunlikda joylashgan. Bu shahar togʻlar bilan oʻralgan boʻlsa-da, uning iqlimiga gʻarb va janubdagi choʻllar iqlimining ham taʼsiri bor. Mintaqada yillik ob-havo oʻzgaruvchan. Qishda kuchli yomgʻir yoki qor, yozda esa chang, issiq, quruq ob-havo boʻlishi mintaqa uchun odatiy holdir&lt;ref&gt;[[J Khodakarami]] and I Knight. &lt;/ref&gt;.

Ilam iqlimi Köppen iqlim tasnifi ostida kontinental taʼsirga ega Oʻrta yer dengizi iqlimi (''Csa'') sifatida tasniflanadi.

== Taʼlim ==
Ilamda quyidagi universitetlar mavjud:

* Ilam tibbiyot fanlari universiteti
* [http://www.ilam.ac.ir/ Ilam universiteti] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111125712/http://www.ilam.ac.ir/ |date=2014-11-11 }}
* Ilom islomiy Azad universiteti
* Safir Danesh
* Farhanjon universiteti, Shahid ''Modares Ilom kampusi'' '' (erkaklar)'' va Imom Jafar Sodiq Ilom shaharchasi (ayollar)

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}{{Eronning maʼmuriy-hududiy boʻlinishi}}

[[Turkum:Eron ustonlari markazlari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qorabogʻ jangi</title>
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      <text bytes="11398" sha1="05n9thpjqynocrv2gwhkcotfvn32b9p" xml:space="preserve">{{Urush bilgiqutisi
| nomi = Qorabogʻ janggi
| qismi = 
| tasvir = [[Fayl:NK Mountains.JPG|260px]]
| sana = 1469-yil 4-fevral
| yer = Qorabogʻ (Hozirga Ozarbayjon)
| sabab = Sulton Abusaid mirzo qoʻshinlari Qamalda 14kun och qolgan va tarqalib ketgan  Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qolgan qoʻshin bilan Hurosonga chekinish vaqtida Shaxzoda Xalil va Zaynal tomonidan asir olingan.
| natija = Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qoʻshini magʻlubiyatga uchradi va Sulton Abusaid Mirzo asirga tushdi.
| oʻzgarishlar = 
| raqib1 = [[Fayl:Flag of Ak Koyunlu.svg|20px]] [[Oq qoʻyunli]]
Shirvonshohlar
| raqib2 = [[Fayl:Timurid.svg|20px]] Temruriylar Imperyasi
Qoraquyunlilar davalati
| raqib3 = 
| qomondon1 = Uzun Hasan Shahzoda Xalil Shahzoda Zaynal Shahzoda Yoqub
| qomondon2 = Abu Said Mirzo &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(asir tushgan va qatl qilingan)&lt;/small&gt; Mahmud Mirzo   Qoraquyinli Hasan Ali
| qomondon3 = 
| harbiy_birlik1 = 
| harbiy_birlik2 = 
| harbiy_birlik3 = 
| kuch1 = 40.000-50.000askarlik  qoʻshin. 15.000 Otliq 
15.000piyoda 
5.000 Zahira qoʻshini 
5.000 Avangard qoʻshini
5.000 Ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch2 = 80.000-120.000 Harbiy qoʻshin. 40.000 Otliq qoʻshin
30.000 Piyoda qoʻshin
10.000 Kamonchi Manjaniqchi va Katapultachilar 
20.000 Zahira va ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch3 = 
| yoqotishlar1 = 20.000-25.000 askar
| yoqotishlar2 = 75.000 nafar askar Oʻldirilgan va asir tushgan. Qolgan 40.000 dan ortiq askar Eron va Hurosonga chekinishga muoffaq boʻlgan.
| yoqotishlar3 = 
| umumiy_yoʻqotishlar = 95.000-100.000 askar
| ilova = 
}}
'''Qorabogʻ janggi''' 1469-yil 4-fevralda [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Oq qoʻyunli|Oq qoʻyunli]] va [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] boshchiligidagi [[Movarounnahr]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylari]] oʻrtasida boʻlib oʻtgan, Natijada Abusaid Mirzo magʻlubiyatga uchragan, qamoqqa olingan va qatl etilgan. Jangdan soʻng temuriylar [[Iroq]] va gʻarbiy [[Eron|Eronni]] oʻz saltanatiga qaytarishga umidlarini abadiy yoʻqotdilar.

== Jang tafsiloti ==
Jahonshoh boshchiligidagi [[Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati|Qora qoʻyunli]] (Qora qoʻyunli turkman) va [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Jahonshoh|Oq qoʻyunlui]] (Oq [[Oq qoʻyunli|qoʻylunli]] turkman) oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuv XV asrda hal qiluvchi burilish yasadi. Jahonshoh hukmronligi davrida Qoraqoʻyunli hududi eng katta hududga yetib bordi, jumladan, [[Onadoʻli|Anadoludagi]] ulkan yerlar, hozirgi [[Iroq|Iroqning]] koʻp qismi, Markaziy [[Eron]] va hatto oxir-oqibat [[Kermon|Kirmon]] . U va undan oldingilar [[Samarqand]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylarining]] vassallari edilar. Biroq 15-asr oʻrtalariga kelib Jahonshoh Xurosondagi temuriylar hokimiyatining zaifligini tan olib, 1458-yil yozida uni bosib oldi. Samarqandning temuriy hukmdori [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] bu istiloga toqat qilolmadi. Jahonshoh [[Hirot|Hirotni]] qoʻlga kiritgach, oʻzining Qoraqoʻyunlu podsholigining bosimi va Oqqoʻyunlu Uzun Hasanning tobora kuchayib borayotgan tahdidi tufayli qiyin ahvolga tushib qoldi va uni ushlab tura olmadi. U oʻz davlatining chegaralarini Abusaid Mirzo hududlari hisobiga kengaytirmoqchi edi lekin  Abu Said Mirzo bilan boʼlgan jangda magʻlubiyatga ucharadi.  Shu sababli Jahoshoh Sulton Abusaid Mirzo bilan Muzokaralar olib  borishga majbur boʻlgan va muzokaralardan soʻng Jahonshoh hududiy demarkatsiyani Shohrux davriga qaytarishga rozi boʻlgan (Jahonshoh Iroq-i Arabni [[Shohrux Mirzo|,]] Abu Said esa Iroq-i Ajamni va Xurosonni ushlab turgan). Shunday qilib, Xuroson, Fors, Kirmon, Eron, Iroq-i Ajam  [[Mozandaron ustoni|Mozandaron]] va [[Goʻrgon (shahar)|Jurjon]] temuriylarga qaytarildi va Abu Said Mirzo qaytib kelib, 1458-yil 22-dekabrda Hirotni ikkinchi marta egalladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC|title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7|last=[[Maria Subtelny]]|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004160316|pages=411|accessdate=13-yanvar 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun Hasan oʻz navbatida [[Amir Temur|Temurning]] oʻzi tomonidan hududga olib kelingan temuriylarga sodiqligini eʼtirof etgan. Uzun Hasan yaqinda [[Diyorbakir|Diyarbakirda]] Sharqiy Anadoluda taxtga daʼvogarlarini magʻlub etganidan soʻng ustunlikka erishgan edi. U [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonli saltanati]] va Qoraqoʻyunlularning tahdidlariga duch keldi va ularga qarshi keng koʻlamli yurishlarda ashaddiy jangchi sifatida shuhrat qozondi. Jahonshoh 1467-yil 30-oktabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZI3AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=A History of Persian Literature Under Tartar Dominion (A.D, 1265–1502)|last=Edward Granville Browne|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge: The University press Publication|page=89|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; (yoki 11-noyabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|pages=1120|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;)da hozirgi [[Turkiya|Turkiyaning]] [[Bingöl (viloyat)|Chapakchur sanjagi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA907|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Alexander Mikaberidze|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598843361|page=907|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA173|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|page=173|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaqinidagi Chapakchur jangida Jahonshoh Uzun Hasan tomonidan magʻlubiyatga uchradi. Uzun Hasan jadallikni davom ettirdi va Marandda Jahon Shoning oʻgʻli Hasan Alini magʻlub etdi.

Hasan Ali Xurosonga qochib, oʻsha paytda [[Marv|Marvda]] turgan Abu Said Mirzodan yordam soʻradi. Uzun Hasan bu rivojdan xavotirlanib, temuriylar podshosiga oʻz xonadonining temuriylarga doimiy sodiqligini, Qoraqoʻyunluning bevafoligini eslatib xat yozadi. Ammo Abu Said Mirzoning Uzun Hasanning niyati haqida oʻziga xos mulohazalari bor edi. U ham oʻz hududini bobosi Temurning shon-shuhratiga yetib borishini orzu qilgan. U Yaqin Sharqqa bostirib kirish uchun Hasan Alini taxtga qaytarish asosidan foydalanishni oʻyladi. Keyingi ekspeditsiya sharq tarixida mashhur boʻlib, uni [[Bobur]] (Abu Said Mirzoning nabirasi) ''Iroq-i Ajam falokati'' nomi bilan tez-tez tilga oladi.

== Jang ==
Abu Said Mirzo oʻz yoʻlida mamlakatni boʻysundirgan qudratli qoʻshin bilan Iroq-i Ajam [[Ozarbayjon|Ozarbayjoniga]] yoʻl oldi. U ikkita otryad yubordi; biri Iroq-i Ajamni, ikkinchisi [[Fors|Forsni]] egallash uchun. U Ozarbayjon tepaliklari orasidan Ardabil va [[Tabriz]] tomon [[Ardabil|yurarkan]], [[Uzun Hasan]] oʻzining muvaffaqiyatidan xavotirlanib, tinchlik soʻrab sudga bir necha marta elchixonalar yubordi, ammo Abu Said Mirzo turkmanni uning huzurida boʻlishini va avlodi oldida oʻzini kamtar boʻlishini talab qilgani behuda edi. Temur.

Uzun Hasan boʻysunishdan bosh tortdi va oʻzini oʻlka toʻl-koʻl boʻlgan togʻlar va toʻqnashuvlarga olib bordi va temuriylarni taʼqib qilish va rizqini uzishda tinmay qoʻshinlarini ishga soldi, dalada uchrashishdan ehtiyotkor boʻldi. Qilich erisha olmagan narsa ocharchilik bilan yakunlandi. Uzun Hasan Abu Said mirzoni qishki ahmoqona ishda yetaklagan edi. Abu Said Mirzoning koʻp sonli qoʻshini qish uchun mablagʻ yetishmasligi hamda oziq-ovqat zahiralarining kamayishi bosimidan aziyat cheka boshladi. 14 kun podshoh otlarida arpa yoʻq edi, natijada askar va zobitlar Abu Said Mirzoni xavotirga solib, koʻp boʻlib sahroga keta boshladilar. Qoʻshin parchalanib ketgan Abu Said Mirzo qochib ketayotganda xavfsizlik izlashga majbur boʻldi. Ammo 873-yil 22-rajab yoki (1469-yil 4-fevral) Uzun Hasanning oʻgʻillari yoki ularning odamlari taʼqib qilib, asirga olingan. Abu Said Mirzoning qudratli qoʻshini orasidan bir qanchasi oʻz uylariga qaytdi. Koʻp qismi uzoq vaqt chekinish paytida asirga olingan yoki oʻldirilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] |year=2002 |title=Ain-I Akbari |publisher=Manas Publications |pages=1716 |isbn=9788175362284 |accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oqibati ==
Oradan uch kun oʻtgach, Abu Said Mirzo Uzun Hasanning ittifoqchisi boʻlgan Shohruhning nevarasi [[Yodgor Mirzo|Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoga]] topshirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari|title=Ain-I Akbari|last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]|year=2002|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788175362284|pages=1716|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yodgor Muhammad Mirzo Abu Said Mirzoning katta buvisi [[Gavharshod begim|Gavhar Shodni]] oʻldirganligi bahonasida yo boshini kesib yoki [[Zaharlar|zaharli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P8gAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=abu+sa%27id+mirza+100,000+uzun+hasan|title=Links: cultural, historical, and literary links between India and the Soviet Union in the words of their great writers, poets, and artists|last=[[Feliks Feodosʹevich Kuznet︠s︡ov]]|year=1987|publisher=Rajpal and Sons|isbn=9788170280019|pages=360|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; oʻldirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&amp;q=Uzun+Hasan+yadgar|title=First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936|last=[[Martijn Theodoor Houtsma]]|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004097964|page=105|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot; /&gt; Keyinchalik 1469-yilda Uzun Hasan Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoni Abu Saidning vorisi deb eʼlon qilib, unga oʻsha paytda [[Husayn Boyqaro|Sulton Husayn Boyqaro]] nazorati ostida boʻlgan Xurosonni egallashi uchun qoʻshinlar bilan taʼminladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot; /&gt; Temuriylarning magʻlubiyati hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Bu koʻplab davlatlarga parchalanib ketgan [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|Temuriylar saltanatiga]] soʻnggi zarba berdi. Temuriylar saltanati oxir-oqibat ikki qismga, Xuroson va [[Movarounnahr|Transoxaniyaga]] va ularga tutash viloyatlarga boʻlindi. Poytaxti Hirot boʻlgan Xurosondagi hokimiyat Sulton Husayn Boyqaro qoʻliga oʻtdi; Holbuki, Maovarunnahr Abu Said Mirzoning toʻrt oʻgʻli oʻrtasida boʻlingan, yaʼni;

* [[Sulton Ahmad Mirzo]], [[Samarqand]] , [[Buxoro]],Shohruhiya, Sayram, Toshkent, va Shimoliy Xorazm Hukumdori boʻlgan. keyinchalik ukasi Umarshayx Mirzo II ni yengib Andijon Fargʻona va Namanganni egallagan.
* [[Balx]], [[Kunduz (shahar)|Qunduz]], [[Xatlon (viloyat)|Xatlon]], [[Chagʻoniyon|Chagʻoniyon]], [[Badaxshon]] va Hisor podshosi [[Sulton Mahmud Mirzo]]
* Ulugʻbek Mirzo II, [[Kobul (shahar)|Kobul]] va  [[Gʻazna|Gʻazna]]  shohi bir muddat Qandahor va Balxni boshqargan.
* [[Umarshayx Mirzo (temuriy)|Umar Shayx Mirzo II]], [[Fargʻona]] Andijon Namangan Margʻilon va [[Xoʻjand]] podshosi

Bu viloyatlar hukmdorlari bir-biri bilan tez-tez urushib turishgan.

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Qorabogʻ]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar imperiyasi ishtirokidagi janglar]]</text>
      <sha1>05n9thpjqynocrv2gwhkcotfvn32b9p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988687</id>
      <parentid>5988686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:59:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22281-99</username>
        <id>258040</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988687</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11398" sha1="b3ru2l28txlmbi38vehtnkx2vuq6i51" xml:space="preserve">{{Urush bilgiqutisi
| nomi = Qorabogʻ janggi
| qismi = 
| tasvir = [[Fayl:NK Mountains.JPG|260px]]
| sana = 1469-yil 4-fevral
| yer = Qorabogʻ (Hozirgi Ozarbayjon)
| sabab = Sulton Abusaid mirzo qoʻshinlari Qamalda 14kun och qolgan va tarqalib ketgan  Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qolgan qoʻshin bilan Hurosonga chekinish vaqtida Shaxzoda Xalil va Zaynal tomonidan asir olingan.
| natija = Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qoʻshini magʻlubiyatga uchradi va Sulton Abusaid Mirzo asirga tushdi.
| oʻzgarishlar = 
| raqib1 = [[Fayl:Flag of Ak Koyunlu.svg|20px]] [[Oq qoʻyunli]]
Shirvonshohlar
| raqib2 = [[Fayl:Timurid.svg|20px]] Temruriylar Imperyasi
Qoraquyunlilar davalati
| raqib3 = 
| qomondon1 = Uzun Hasan Shahzoda Xalil Shahzoda Zaynal Shahzoda Yoqub
| qomondon2 = Abu Said Mirzo &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(asir tushgan va qatl qilingan)&lt;/small&gt; Mahmud Mirzo   Qoraquyinli Hasan Ali
| qomondon3 = 
| harbiy_birlik1 = 
| harbiy_birlik2 = 
| harbiy_birlik3 = 
| kuch1 = 40.000-50.000askarlik  qoʻshin. 15.000 Otliq 
15.000piyoda 
5.000 Zahira qoʻshini 
5.000 Avangard qoʻshini
5.000 Ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch2 = 80.000-120.000 Harbiy qoʻshin. 40.000 Otliq qoʻshin
30.000 Piyoda qoʻshin
10.000 Kamonchi Manjaniqchi va Katapultachilar 
20.000 Zahira va ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch3 = 
| yoqotishlar1 = 20.000-25.000 askar
| yoqotishlar2 = 75.000 nafar askar Oʻldirilgan va asir tushgan. Qolgan 40.000 dan ortiq askar Eron va Hurosonga chekinishga muoffaq boʻlgan.
| yoqotishlar3 = 
| umumiy_yoʻqotishlar = 95.000-100.000 askar
| ilova = 
}}
'''Qorabogʻ janggi''' 1469-yil 4-fevralda [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Oq qoʻyunli|Oq qoʻyunli]] va [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] boshchiligidagi [[Movarounnahr]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylari]] oʻrtasida boʻlib oʻtgan, Natijada Abusaid Mirzo magʻlubiyatga uchragan, qamoqqa olingan va qatl etilgan. Jangdan soʻng temuriylar [[Iroq]] va gʻarbiy [[Eron|Eronni]] oʻz saltanatiga qaytarishga umidlarini abadiy yoʻqotdilar.

== Jang tafsiloti ==
Jahonshoh boshchiligidagi [[Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati|Qora qoʻyunli]] (Qora qoʻyunli turkman) va [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Jahonshoh|Oq qoʻyunlui]] (Oq [[Oq qoʻyunli|qoʻylunli]] turkman) oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuv XV asrda hal qiluvchi burilish yasadi. Jahonshoh hukmronligi davrida Qoraqoʻyunli hududi eng katta hududga yetib bordi, jumladan, [[Onadoʻli|Anadoludagi]] ulkan yerlar, hozirgi [[Iroq|Iroqning]] koʻp qismi, Markaziy [[Eron]] va hatto oxir-oqibat [[Kermon|Kirmon]] . U va undan oldingilar [[Samarqand]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylarining]] vassallari edilar. Biroq 15-asr oʻrtalariga kelib Jahonshoh Xurosondagi temuriylar hokimiyatining zaifligini tan olib, 1458-yil yozida uni bosib oldi. Samarqandning temuriy hukmdori [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] bu istiloga toqat qilolmadi. Jahonshoh [[Hirot|Hirotni]] qoʻlga kiritgach, oʻzining Qoraqoʻyunlu podsholigining bosimi va Oqqoʻyunlu Uzun Hasanning tobora kuchayib borayotgan tahdidi tufayli qiyin ahvolga tushib qoldi va uni ushlab tura olmadi. U oʻz davlatining chegaralarini Abusaid Mirzo hududlari hisobiga kengaytirmoqchi edi lekin  Abu Said Mirzo bilan boʼlgan jangda magʻlubiyatga ucharadi.  Shu sababli Jahoshoh Sulton Abusaid Mirzo bilan Muzokaralar olib  borishga majbur boʻlgan va muzokaralardan soʻng Jahonshoh hududiy demarkatsiyani Shohrux davriga qaytarishga rozi boʻlgan (Jahonshoh Iroq-i Arabni [[Shohrux Mirzo|,]] Abu Said esa Iroq-i Ajamni va Xurosonni ushlab turgan). Shunday qilib, Xuroson, Fors, Kirmon, Eron, Iroq-i Ajam  [[Mozandaron ustoni|Mozandaron]] va [[Goʻrgon (shahar)|Jurjon]] temuriylarga qaytarildi va Abu Said Mirzo qaytib kelib, 1458-yil 22-dekabrda Hirotni ikkinchi marta egalladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC|title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7|last=[[Maria Subtelny]]|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004160316|pages=411|accessdate=13-yanvar 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun Hasan oʻz navbatida [[Amir Temur|Temurning]] oʻzi tomonidan hududga olib kelingan temuriylarga sodiqligini eʼtirof etgan. Uzun Hasan yaqinda [[Diyorbakir|Diyarbakirda]] Sharqiy Anadoluda taxtga daʼvogarlarini magʻlub etganidan soʻng ustunlikka erishgan edi. U [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonli saltanati]] va Qoraqoʻyunlularning tahdidlariga duch keldi va ularga qarshi keng koʻlamli yurishlarda ashaddiy jangchi sifatida shuhrat qozondi. Jahonshoh 1467-yil 30-oktabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZI3AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=A History of Persian Literature Under Tartar Dominion (A.D, 1265–1502)|last=Edward Granville Browne|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge: The University press Publication|page=89|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; (yoki 11-noyabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|pages=1120|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;)da hozirgi [[Turkiya|Turkiyaning]] [[Bingöl (viloyat)|Chapakchur sanjagi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA907|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Alexander Mikaberidze|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598843361|page=907|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA173|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|page=173|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaqinidagi Chapakchur jangida Jahonshoh Uzun Hasan tomonidan magʻlubiyatga uchradi. Uzun Hasan jadallikni davom ettirdi va Marandda Jahon Shoning oʻgʻli Hasan Alini magʻlub etdi.

Hasan Ali Xurosonga qochib, oʻsha paytda [[Marv|Marvda]] turgan Abu Said Mirzodan yordam soʻradi. Uzun Hasan bu rivojdan xavotirlanib, temuriylar podshosiga oʻz xonadonining temuriylarga doimiy sodiqligini, Qoraqoʻyunluning bevafoligini eslatib xat yozadi. Ammo Abu Said Mirzoning Uzun Hasanning niyati haqida oʻziga xos mulohazalari bor edi. U ham oʻz hududini bobosi Temurning shon-shuhratiga yetib borishini orzu qilgan. U Yaqin Sharqqa bostirib kirish uchun Hasan Alini taxtga qaytarish asosidan foydalanishni oʻyladi. Keyingi ekspeditsiya sharq tarixida mashhur boʻlib, uni [[Bobur]] (Abu Said Mirzoning nabirasi) ''Iroq-i Ajam falokati'' nomi bilan tez-tez tilga oladi.

== Jang ==
Abu Said Mirzo oʻz yoʻlida mamlakatni boʻysundirgan qudratli qoʻshin bilan Iroq-i Ajam [[Ozarbayjon|Ozarbayjoniga]] yoʻl oldi. U ikkita otryad yubordi; biri Iroq-i Ajamni, ikkinchisi [[Fors|Forsni]] egallash uchun. U Ozarbayjon tepaliklari orasidan Ardabil va [[Tabriz]] tomon [[Ardabil|yurarkan]], [[Uzun Hasan]] oʻzining muvaffaqiyatidan xavotirlanib, tinchlik soʻrab sudga bir necha marta elchixonalar yubordi, ammo Abu Said Mirzo turkmanni uning huzurida boʻlishini va avlodi oldida oʻzini kamtar boʻlishini talab qilgani behuda edi. Temur.

Uzun Hasan boʻysunishdan bosh tortdi va oʻzini oʻlka toʻl-koʻl boʻlgan togʻlar va toʻqnashuvlarga olib bordi va temuriylarni taʼqib qilish va rizqini uzishda tinmay qoʻshinlarini ishga soldi, dalada uchrashishdan ehtiyotkor boʻldi. Qilich erisha olmagan narsa ocharchilik bilan yakunlandi. Uzun Hasan Abu Said mirzoni qishki ahmoqona ishda yetaklagan edi. Abu Said Mirzoning koʻp sonli qoʻshini qish uchun mablagʻ yetishmasligi hamda oziq-ovqat zahiralarining kamayishi bosimidan aziyat cheka boshladi. 14 kun podshoh otlarida arpa yoʻq edi, natijada askar va zobitlar Abu Said Mirzoni xavotirga solib, koʻp boʻlib sahroga keta boshladilar. Qoʻshin parchalanib ketgan Abu Said Mirzo qochib ketayotganda xavfsizlik izlashga majbur boʻldi. Ammo 873-yil 22-rajab yoki (1469-yil 4-fevral) Uzun Hasanning oʻgʻillari yoki ularning odamlari taʼqib qilib, asirga olingan. Abu Said Mirzoning qudratli qoʻshini orasidan bir qanchasi oʻz uylariga qaytdi. Koʻp qismi uzoq vaqt chekinish paytida asirga olingan yoki oʻldirilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] |year=2002 |title=Ain-I Akbari |publisher=Manas Publications |pages=1716 |isbn=9788175362284 |accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oqibati ==
Oradan uch kun oʻtgach, Abu Said Mirzo Uzun Hasanning ittifoqchisi boʻlgan Shohruhning nevarasi [[Yodgor Mirzo|Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoga]] topshirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari|title=Ain-I Akbari|last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]|year=2002|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788175362284|pages=1716|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yodgor Muhammad Mirzo Abu Said Mirzoning katta buvisi [[Gavharshod begim|Gavhar Shodni]] oʻldirganligi bahonasida yo boshini kesib yoki [[Zaharlar|zaharli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P8gAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=abu+sa%27id+mirza+100,000+uzun+hasan|title=Links: cultural, historical, and literary links between India and the Soviet Union in the words of their great writers, poets, and artists|last=[[Feliks Feodosʹevich Kuznet︠s︡ov]]|year=1987|publisher=Rajpal and Sons|isbn=9788170280019|pages=360|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; oʻldirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&amp;q=Uzun+Hasan+yadgar|title=First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936|last=[[Martijn Theodoor Houtsma]]|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004097964|page=105|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot; /&gt; Keyinchalik 1469-yilda Uzun Hasan Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoni Abu Saidning vorisi deb eʼlon qilib, unga oʻsha paytda [[Husayn Boyqaro|Sulton Husayn Boyqaro]] nazorati ostida boʻlgan Xurosonni egallashi uchun qoʻshinlar bilan taʼminladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot; /&gt; Temuriylarning magʻlubiyati hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Bu koʻplab davlatlarga parchalanib ketgan [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|Temuriylar saltanatiga]] soʻnggi zarba berdi. Temuriylar saltanati oxir-oqibat ikki qismga, Xuroson va [[Movarounnahr|Transoxaniyaga]] va ularga tutash viloyatlarga boʻlindi. Poytaxti Hirot boʻlgan Xurosondagi hokimiyat Sulton Husayn Boyqaro qoʻliga oʻtdi; Holbuki, Maovarunnahr Abu Said Mirzoning toʻrt oʻgʻli oʻrtasida boʻlingan, yaʼni;

* [[Sulton Ahmad Mirzo]], [[Samarqand]] , [[Buxoro]],Shohruhiya, Sayram, Toshkent, va Shimoliy Xorazm Hukumdori boʻlgan. keyinchalik ukasi Umarshayx Mirzo II ni yengib Andijon Fargʻona va Namanganni egallagan.
* [[Balx]], [[Kunduz (shahar)|Qunduz]], [[Xatlon (viloyat)|Xatlon]], [[Chagʻoniyon|Chagʻoniyon]], [[Badaxshon]] va Hisor podshosi [[Sulton Mahmud Mirzo]]
* Ulugʻbek Mirzo II, [[Kobul (shahar)|Kobul]] va  [[Gʻazna|Gʻazna]]  shohi bir muddat Qandahor va Balxni boshqargan.
* [[Umarshayx Mirzo (temuriy)|Umar Shayx Mirzo II]], [[Fargʻona]] Andijon Namangan Margʻilon va [[Xoʻjand]] podshosi

Bu viloyatlar hukmdorlari bir-biri bilan tez-tez urushib turishgan.

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Qorabogʻ]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar imperiyasi ishtirokidagi janglar]]</text>
      <sha1>b3ru2l28txlmbi38vehtnkx2vuq6i51</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988689</id>
      <parentid>5988687</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:01:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22281-99</username>
        <id>258040</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11405" sha1="12pfaqypohngke7v56b39oriy7orh0s" xml:space="preserve">{{Urush bilgiqutisi
| nomi = Qorabogʻ janggi
| qismi = 
| tasvir = [[Fayl:NK Mountains.JPG|260px]]
| sana = 1469-yil 4-fevral
| yer = Qorabogʻ (Hozirgi Ozarbayjon)
| sabab = Sulton Abusaid mirzo qoʻshinlari Qamalda 14kun och qolgan va tarqalib ketgan  Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qolgan qoʻshin bilan Hurosonga chekinish vaqtida Shaxzoda Xalil va Zaynal tomonidan asir olingan.
| natija = Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qoʻshini magʻlubiyatga uchradi va Sulton Abusaid Mirzo asirga tushdi.
| oʻzgarishlar = 
| raqib1 = [[Fayl:Flag of Ak Koyunlu.svg|20px]] [[Oq qoʻyunli]]
Shirvonshohlar
| raqib2 = [[Fayl:Timurid.svg|20px]] Temruriylar Imperyasi
Qoraquyunlilar davalati
| raqib3 = 
| qomondon1 = Uzun Hasan Shahzoda Xalil Shahzoda Zaynal Shahzoda Yoqub
| qomondon2 = Abu Said Mirzo &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(asir tushgan va qatl qilingan)&lt;/small&gt; Mahmud Mirzo   Qoraquyinli Hasan Ali
| qomondon3 = 
| harbiy_birlik1 = 
| harbiy_birlik2 = 
| harbiy_birlik3 = 
| kuch1 = 40.000-50.000askarlik  qoʻshin. 15.000 Otliq 
15.000piyoda 
5.000 Zahira qoʻshini 
5.000 Avangard qoʻshini
5.000 Ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch2 = 80.000-120.000 Harbiy qoʻshin. 40.000 Otliq qoʻshin
30.000 Piyoda qoʻshin
10.000 Kamonchi Manjaniqchi va Katapultachilar 
20.000 Zahira va ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch3 = 
| yoqotishlar1 = 20.000-25.000 askar
| yoqotishlar2 = 50.000-70.000 nafar askar Oʻldirilgan va asir tushgan. Qolgan 40.000 dan ortiq askar Eron va Hurosonga chekinishga muoffaq boʻlgan.
| yoqotishlar3 = 
| umumiy_yoʻqotishlar = 70.000-100.000 askar
| ilova = 
}}
'''Qorabogʻ janggi''' 1469-yil 4-fevralda [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Oq qoʻyunli|Oq qoʻyunli]] va [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] boshchiligidagi [[Movarounnahr]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylari]] oʻrtasida boʻlib oʻtgan, Natijada Abusaid Mirzo magʻlubiyatga uchragan, qamoqqa olingan va qatl etilgan. Jangdan soʻng temuriylar [[Iroq]] va gʻarbiy [[Eron|Eronni]] oʻz saltanatiga qaytarishga umidlarini abadiy yoʻqotdilar.

== Jang tafsiloti ==
Jahonshoh boshchiligidagi [[Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati|Qora qoʻyunli]] (Qora qoʻyunli turkman) va [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Jahonshoh|Oq qoʻyunlui]] (Oq [[Oq qoʻyunli|qoʻylunli]] turkman) oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuv XV asrda hal qiluvchi burilish yasadi. Jahonshoh hukmronligi davrida Qoraqoʻyunli hududi eng katta hududga yetib bordi, jumladan, [[Onadoʻli|Anadoludagi]] ulkan yerlar, hozirgi [[Iroq|Iroqning]] koʻp qismi, Markaziy [[Eron]] va hatto oxir-oqibat [[Kermon|Kirmon]] . U va undan oldingilar [[Samarqand]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylarining]] vassallari edilar. Biroq 15-asr oʻrtalariga kelib Jahonshoh Xurosondagi temuriylar hokimiyatining zaifligini tan olib, 1458-yil yozida uni bosib oldi. Samarqandning temuriy hukmdori [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] bu istiloga toqat qilolmadi. Jahonshoh [[Hirot|Hirotni]] qoʻlga kiritgach, oʻzining Qoraqoʻyunlu podsholigining bosimi va Oqqoʻyunlu Uzun Hasanning tobora kuchayib borayotgan tahdidi tufayli qiyin ahvolga tushib qoldi va uni ushlab tura olmadi. U oʻz davlatining chegaralarini Abusaid Mirzo hududlari hisobiga kengaytirmoqchi edi lekin  Abu Said Mirzo bilan boʼlgan jangda magʻlubiyatga ucharadi.  Shu sababli Jahoshoh Sulton Abusaid Mirzo bilan Muzokaralar olib  borishga majbur boʻlgan va muzokaralardan soʻng Jahonshoh hududiy demarkatsiyani Shohrux davriga qaytarishga rozi boʻlgan (Jahonshoh Iroq-i Arabni [[Shohrux Mirzo|,]] Abu Said esa Iroq-i Ajamni va Xurosonni ushlab turgan). Shunday qilib, Xuroson, Fors, Kirmon, Eron, Iroq-i Ajam  [[Mozandaron ustoni|Mozandaron]] va [[Goʻrgon (shahar)|Jurjon]] temuriylarga qaytarildi va Abu Said Mirzo qaytib kelib, 1458-yil 22-dekabrda Hirotni ikkinchi marta egalladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC|title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7|last=[[Maria Subtelny]]|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004160316|pages=411|accessdate=13-yanvar 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun Hasan oʻz navbatida [[Amir Temur|Temurning]] oʻzi tomonidan hududga olib kelingan temuriylarga sodiqligini eʼtirof etgan. Uzun Hasan yaqinda [[Diyorbakir|Diyarbakirda]] Sharqiy Anadoluda taxtga daʼvogarlarini magʻlub etganidan soʻng ustunlikka erishgan edi. U [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonli saltanati]] va Qoraqoʻyunlularning tahdidlariga duch keldi va ularga qarshi keng koʻlamli yurishlarda ashaddiy jangchi sifatida shuhrat qozondi. Jahonshoh 1467-yil 30-oktabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZI3AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=A History of Persian Literature Under Tartar Dominion (A.D, 1265–1502)|last=Edward Granville Browne|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge: The University press Publication|page=89|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; (yoki 11-noyabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|pages=1120|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;)da hozirgi [[Turkiya|Turkiyaning]] [[Bingöl (viloyat)|Chapakchur sanjagi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA907|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Alexander Mikaberidze|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598843361|page=907|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA173|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|page=173|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaqinidagi Chapakchur jangida Jahonshoh Uzun Hasan tomonidan magʻlubiyatga uchradi. Uzun Hasan jadallikni davom ettirdi va Marandda Jahon Shoning oʻgʻli Hasan Alini magʻlub etdi.

Hasan Ali Xurosonga qochib, oʻsha paytda [[Marv|Marvda]] turgan Abu Said Mirzodan yordam soʻradi. Uzun Hasan bu rivojdan xavotirlanib, temuriylar podshosiga oʻz xonadonining temuriylarga doimiy sodiqligini, Qoraqoʻyunluning bevafoligini eslatib xat yozadi. Ammo Abu Said Mirzoning Uzun Hasanning niyati haqida oʻziga xos mulohazalari bor edi. U ham oʻz hududini bobosi Temurning shon-shuhratiga yetib borishini orzu qilgan. U Yaqin Sharqqa bostirib kirish uchun Hasan Alini taxtga qaytarish asosidan foydalanishni oʻyladi. Keyingi ekspeditsiya sharq tarixida mashhur boʻlib, uni [[Bobur]] (Abu Said Mirzoning nabirasi) ''Iroq-i Ajam falokati'' nomi bilan tez-tez tilga oladi.

== Jang ==
Abu Said Mirzo oʻz yoʻlida mamlakatni boʻysundirgan qudratli qoʻshin bilan Iroq-i Ajam [[Ozarbayjon|Ozarbayjoniga]] yoʻl oldi. U ikkita otryad yubordi; biri Iroq-i Ajamni, ikkinchisi [[Fors|Forsni]] egallash uchun. U Ozarbayjon tepaliklari orasidan Ardabil va [[Tabriz]] tomon [[Ardabil|yurarkan]], [[Uzun Hasan]] oʻzining muvaffaqiyatidan xavotirlanib, tinchlik soʻrab sudga bir necha marta elchixonalar yubordi, ammo Abu Said Mirzo turkmanni uning huzurida boʻlishini va avlodi oldida oʻzini kamtar boʻlishini talab qilgani behuda edi. Temur.

Uzun Hasan boʻysunishdan bosh tortdi va oʻzini oʻlka toʻl-koʻl boʻlgan togʻlar va toʻqnashuvlarga olib bordi va temuriylarni taʼqib qilish va rizqini uzishda tinmay qoʻshinlarini ishga soldi, dalada uchrashishdan ehtiyotkor boʻldi. Qilich erisha olmagan narsa ocharchilik bilan yakunlandi. Uzun Hasan Abu Said mirzoni qishki ahmoqona ishda yetaklagan edi. Abu Said Mirzoning koʻp sonli qoʻshini qish uchun mablagʻ yetishmasligi hamda oziq-ovqat zahiralarining kamayishi bosimidan aziyat cheka boshladi. 14 kun podshoh otlarida arpa yoʻq edi, natijada askar va zobitlar Abu Said Mirzoni xavotirga solib, koʻp boʻlib sahroga keta boshladilar. Qoʻshin parchalanib ketgan Abu Said Mirzo qochib ketayotganda xavfsizlik izlashga majbur boʻldi. Ammo 873-yil 22-rajab yoki (1469-yil 4-fevral) Uzun Hasanning oʻgʻillari yoki ularning odamlari taʼqib qilib, asirga olingan. Abu Said Mirzoning qudratli qoʻshini orasidan bir qanchasi oʻz uylariga qaytdi. Koʻp qismi uzoq vaqt chekinish paytida asirga olingan yoki oʻldirilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] |year=2002 |title=Ain-I Akbari |publisher=Manas Publications |pages=1716 |isbn=9788175362284 |accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oqibati ==
Oradan uch kun oʻtgach, Abu Said Mirzo Uzun Hasanning ittifoqchisi boʻlgan Shohruhning nevarasi [[Yodgor Mirzo|Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoga]] topshirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari|title=Ain-I Akbari|last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]|year=2002|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788175362284|pages=1716|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yodgor Muhammad Mirzo Abu Said Mirzoning katta buvisi [[Gavharshod begim|Gavhar Shodni]] oʻldirganligi bahonasida yo boshini kesib yoki [[Zaharlar|zaharli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P8gAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=abu+sa%27id+mirza+100,000+uzun+hasan|title=Links: cultural, historical, and literary links between India and the Soviet Union in the words of their great writers, poets, and artists|last=[[Feliks Feodosʹevich Kuznet︠s︡ov]]|year=1987|publisher=Rajpal and Sons|isbn=9788170280019|pages=360|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; oʻldirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&amp;q=Uzun+Hasan+yadgar|title=First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936|last=[[Martijn Theodoor Houtsma]]|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004097964|page=105|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot; /&gt; Keyinchalik 1469-yilda Uzun Hasan Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoni Abu Saidning vorisi deb eʼlon qilib, unga oʻsha paytda [[Husayn Boyqaro|Sulton Husayn Boyqaro]] nazorati ostida boʻlgan Xurosonni egallashi uchun qoʻshinlar bilan taʼminladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot; /&gt; Temuriylarning magʻlubiyati hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Bu koʻplab davlatlarga parchalanib ketgan [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|Temuriylar saltanatiga]] soʻnggi zarba berdi. Temuriylar saltanati oxir-oqibat ikki qismga, Xuroson va [[Movarounnahr|Transoxaniyaga]] va ularga tutash viloyatlarga boʻlindi. Poytaxti Hirot boʻlgan Xurosondagi hokimiyat Sulton Husayn Boyqaro qoʻliga oʻtdi; Holbuki, Maovarunnahr Abu Said Mirzoning toʻrt oʻgʻli oʻrtasida boʻlingan, yaʼni;

* [[Sulton Ahmad Mirzo]], [[Samarqand]] , [[Buxoro]],Shohruhiya, Sayram, Toshkent, va Shimoliy Xorazm Hukumdori boʻlgan. keyinchalik ukasi Umarshayx Mirzo II ni yengib Andijon Fargʻona va Namanganni egallagan.
* [[Balx]], [[Kunduz (shahar)|Qunduz]], [[Xatlon (viloyat)|Xatlon]], [[Chagʻoniyon|Chagʻoniyon]], [[Badaxshon]] va Hisor podshosi [[Sulton Mahmud Mirzo]]
* Ulugʻbek Mirzo II, [[Kobul (shahar)|Kobul]] va  [[Gʻazna|Gʻazna]]  shohi bir muddat Qandahor va Balxni boshqargan.
* [[Umarshayx Mirzo (temuriy)|Umar Shayx Mirzo II]], [[Fargʻona]] Andijon Namangan Margʻilon va [[Xoʻjand]] podshosi

Bu viloyatlar hukmdorlari bir-biri bilan tez-tez urushib turishgan.

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Qorabogʻ]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar imperiyasi ishtirokidagi janglar]]</text>
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      <parentid>5988689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:02:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22281-99</username>
        <id>258040</id>
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      <text bytes="11412" sha1="jfrlfkio08xv0bao0bdje7aybc9s58w" xml:space="preserve">{{Urush bilgiqutisi
| nomi = Qorabogʻ janggi
| qismi = 
| tasvir = [[Fayl:NK Mountains.JPG|260px]]
| sana = 1469-yil 4-fevral
| yer = Qorabogʻ (Hozirgi Ozarbayjon)
| sabab = Sulton Abusaid mirzo qoʻshinlari Qamalda 14kun och qolgan va tarqalib ketgan  Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qolgan qoʻshin bilan Hurosonga chekinish vaqtida Shaxzoda Xalil va Zaynal tomonidan asir olingan.
| natija = Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qoʻshini magʻlubiyatga uchradi va Sulton Abusaid Mirzo asirga tushdi.
| oʻzgarishlar = 
| raqib1 = [[Fayl:Flag of Ak Koyunlu.svg|20px]] [[Oq qoʻyunli]]
Shirvonshohlar
| raqib2 = [[Fayl:Timurid.svg|20px]] Temruriylar Imperyasi
Qoraquyunlilar davalati
| raqib3 = 
| qomondon1 = Uzun Hasan Shahzoda Xalil Shahzoda Zaynal Shahzoda Yoqub
| qomondon2 = Abu Said Mirzo &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(asir tushgan va qatl qilingan)&lt;/small&gt; Mahmud Mirzo   Qoraquyinli Hasan Ali
| qomondon3 = 
| harbiy_birlik1 = 
| harbiy_birlik2 = 
| harbiy_birlik3 = 
| kuch1 = 40.000-50.000askarlik  qoʻshin. 15.000 Otliq 
15.000piyoda 
5.000 Zahira qoʻshini 
5.000 Avangard qoʻshini
5.000 Ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch2 = 80.000-120.000 Harbiy qoʻshin. 40.000 Otliq qoʻshin
30.000 Piyoda qoʻshin
10.000 Kamonchi Manjaniqchi va Katapultachilar 
20.000 Zahira va ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch3 = 
| yoqotishlar1 = 20.000-25.000 askar
| yoqotishlar2 = 50.000-70.000 nafar askar Oʻldirilgan va asir tushgan. Qolgan 25.000-40.000 dan ortiq askar Eron va Hurosonga chekinishga muoffaq boʻlgan.
| yoqotishlar3 = 
| umumiy_yoʻqotishlar = 70.000-100.000 askar
| ilova = 
}}
'''Qorabogʻ janggi''' 1469-yil 4-fevralda [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Oq qoʻyunli|Oq qoʻyunli]] va [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] boshchiligidagi [[Movarounnahr]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylari]] oʻrtasida boʻlib oʻtgan, Natijada Abusaid Mirzo magʻlubiyatga uchragan, qamoqqa olingan va qatl etilgan. Jangdan soʻng temuriylar [[Iroq]] va gʻarbiy [[Eron|Eronni]] oʻz saltanatiga qaytarishga umidlarini abadiy yoʻqotdilar.

== Jang tafsiloti ==
Jahonshoh boshchiligidagi [[Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati|Qora qoʻyunli]] (Qora qoʻyunli turkman) va [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Jahonshoh|Oq qoʻyunlui]] (Oq [[Oq qoʻyunli|qoʻylunli]] turkman) oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuv XV asrda hal qiluvchi burilish yasadi. Jahonshoh hukmronligi davrida Qoraqoʻyunli hududi eng katta hududga yetib bordi, jumladan, [[Onadoʻli|Anadoludagi]] ulkan yerlar, hozirgi [[Iroq|Iroqning]] koʻp qismi, Markaziy [[Eron]] va hatto oxir-oqibat [[Kermon|Kirmon]] . U va undan oldingilar [[Samarqand]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylarining]] vassallari edilar. Biroq 15-asr oʻrtalariga kelib Jahonshoh Xurosondagi temuriylar hokimiyatining zaifligini tan olib, 1458-yil yozida uni bosib oldi. Samarqandning temuriy hukmdori [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] bu istiloga toqat qilolmadi. Jahonshoh [[Hirot|Hirotni]] qoʻlga kiritgach, oʻzining Qoraqoʻyunlu podsholigining bosimi va Oqqoʻyunlu Uzun Hasanning tobora kuchayib borayotgan tahdidi tufayli qiyin ahvolga tushib qoldi va uni ushlab tura olmadi. U oʻz davlatining chegaralarini Abusaid Mirzo hududlari hisobiga kengaytirmoqchi edi lekin  Abu Said Mirzo bilan boʼlgan jangda magʻlubiyatga ucharadi.  Shu sababli Jahoshoh Sulton Abusaid Mirzo bilan Muzokaralar olib  borishga majbur boʻlgan va muzokaralardan soʻng Jahonshoh hududiy demarkatsiyani Shohrux davriga qaytarishga rozi boʻlgan (Jahonshoh Iroq-i Arabni [[Shohrux Mirzo|,]] Abu Said esa Iroq-i Ajamni va Xurosonni ushlab turgan). Shunday qilib, Xuroson, Fors, Kirmon, Eron, Iroq-i Ajam  [[Mozandaron ustoni|Mozandaron]] va [[Goʻrgon (shahar)|Jurjon]] temuriylarga qaytarildi va Abu Said Mirzo qaytib kelib, 1458-yil 22-dekabrda Hirotni ikkinchi marta egalladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC|title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7|last=[[Maria Subtelny]]|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004160316|pages=411|accessdate=13-yanvar 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun Hasan oʻz navbatida [[Amir Temur|Temurning]] oʻzi tomonidan hududga olib kelingan temuriylarga sodiqligini eʼtirof etgan. Uzun Hasan yaqinda [[Diyorbakir|Diyarbakirda]] Sharqiy Anadoluda taxtga daʼvogarlarini magʻlub etganidan soʻng ustunlikka erishgan edi. U [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonli saltanati]] va Qoraqoʻyunlularning tahdidlariga duch keldi va ularga qarshi keng koʻlamli yurishlarda ashaddiy jangchi sifatida shuhrat qozondi. Jahonshoh 1467-yil 30-oktabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZI3AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=A History of Persian Literature Under Tartar Dominion (A.D, 1265–1502)|last=Edward Granville Browne|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge: The University press Publication|page=89|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; (yoki 11-noyabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|pages=1120|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;)da hozirgi [[Turkiya|Turkiyaning]] [[Bingöl (viloyat)|Chapakchur sanjagi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA907|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Alexander Mikaberidze|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598843361|page=907|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA173|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|page=173|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaqinidagi Chapakchur jangida Jahonshoh Uzun Hasan tomonidan magʻlubiyatga uchradi. Uzun Hasan jadallikni davom ettirdi va Marandda Jahon Shoning oʻgʻli Hasan Alini magʻlub etdi.

Hasan Ali Xurosonga qochib, oʻsha paytda [[Marv|Marvda]] turgan Abu Said Mirzodan yordam soʻradi. Uzun Hasan bu rivojdan xavotirlanib, temuriylar podshosiga oʻz xonadonining temuriylarga doimiy sodiqligini, Qoraqoʻyunluning bevafoligini eslatib xat yozadi. Ammo Abu Said Mirzoning Uzun Hasanning niyati haqida oʻziga xos mulohazalari bor edi. U ham oʻz hududini bobosi Temurning shon-shuhratiga yetib borishini orzu qilgan. U Yaqin Sharqqa bostirib kirish uchun Hasan Alini taxtga qaytarish asosidan foydalanishni oʻyladi. Keyingi ekspeditsiya sharq tarixida mashhur boʻlib, uni [[Bobur]] (Abu Said Mirzoning nabirasi) ''Iroq-i Ajam falokati'' nomi bilan tez-tez tilga oladi.

== Jang ==
Abu Said Mirzo oʻz yoʻlida mamlakatni boʻysundirgan qudratli qoʻshin bilan Iroq-i Ajam [[Ozarbayjon|Ozarbayjoniga]] yoʻl oldi. U ikkita otryad yubordi; biri Iroq-i Ajamni, ikkinchisi [[Fors|Forsni]] egallash uchun. U Ozarbayjon tepaliklari orasidan Ardabil va [[Tabriz]] tomon [[Ardabil|yurarkan]], [[Uzun Hasan]] oʻzining muvaffaqiyatidan xavotirlanib, tinchlik soʻrab sudga bir necha marta elchixonalar yubordi, ammo Abu Said Mirzo turkmanni uning huzurida boʻlishini va avlodi oldida oʻzini kamtar boʻlishini talab qilgani behuda edi. Temur.

Uzun Hasan boʻysunishdan bosh tortdi va oʻzini oʻlka toʻl-koʻl boʻlgan togʻlar va toʻqnashuvlarga olib bordi va temuriylarni taʼqib qilish va rizqini uzishda tinmay qoʻshinlarini ishga soldi, dalada uchrashishdan ehtiyotkor boʻldi. Qilich erisha olmagan narsa ocharchilik bilan yakunlandi. Uzun Hasan Abu Said mirzoni qishki ahmoqona ishda yetaklagan edi. Abu Said Mirzoning koʻp sonli qoʻshini qish uchun mablagʻ yetishmasligi hamda oziq-ovqat zahiralarining kamayishi bosimidan aziyat cheka boshladi. 14 kun podshoh otlarida arpa yoʻq edi, natijada askar va zobitlar Abu Said Mirzoni xavotirga solib, koʻp boʻlib sahroga keta boshladilar. Qoʻshin parchalanib ketgan Abu Said Mirzo qochib ketayotganda xavfsizlik izlashga majbur boʻldi. Ammo 873-yil 22-rajab yoki (1469-yil 4-fevral) Uzun Hasanning oʻgʻillari yoki ularning odamlari taʼqib qilib, asirga olingan. Abu Said Mirzoning qudratli qoʻshini orasidan bir qanchasi oʻz uylariga qaytdi. Koʻp qismi uzoq vaqt chekinish paytida asirga olingan yoki oʻldirilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] |year=2002 |title=Ain-I Akbari |publisher=Manas Publications |pages=1716 |isbn=9788175362284 |accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oqibati ==
Oradan uch kun oʻtgach, Abu Said Mirzo Uzun Hasanning ittifoqchisi boʻlgan Shohruhning nevarasi [[Yodgor Mirzo|Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoga]] topshirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari|title=Ain-I Akbari|last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]|year=2002|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788175362284|pages=1716|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yodgor Muhammad Mirzo Abu Said Mirzoning katta buvisi [[Gavharshod begim|Gavhar Shodni]] oʻldirganligi bahonasida yo boshini kesib yoki [[Zaharlar|zaharli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P8gAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=abu+sa%27id+mirza+100,000+uzun+hasan|title=Links: cultural, historical, and literary links between India and the Soviet Union in the words of their great writers, poets, and artists|last=[[Feliks Feodosʹevich Kuznet︠s︡ov]]|year=1987|publisher=Rajpal and Sons|isbn=9788170280019|pages=360|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; oʻldirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&amp;q=Uzun+Hasan+yadgar|title=First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936|last=[[Martijn Theodoor Houtsma]]|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004097964|page=105|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot; /&gt; Keyinchalik 1469-yilda Uzun Hasan Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoni Abu Saidning vorisi deb eʼlon qilib, unga oʻsha paytda [[Husayn Boyqaro|Sulton Husayn Boyqaro]] nazorati ostida boʻlgan Xurosonni egallashi uchun qoʻshinlar bilan taʼminladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot; /&gt; Temuriylarning magʻlubiyati hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Bu koʻplab davlatlarga parchalanib ketgan [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|Temuriylar saltanatiga]] soʻnggi zarba berdi. Temuriylar saltanati oxir-oqibat ikki qismga, Xuroson va [[Movarounnahr|Transoxaniyaga]] va ularga tutash viloyatlarga boʻlindi. Poytaxti Hirot boʻlgan Xurosondagi hokimiyat Sulton Husayn Boyqaro qoʻliga oʻtdi; Holbuki, Maovarunnahr Abu Said Mirzoning toʻrt oʻgʻli oʻrtasida boʻlingan, yaʼni;

* [[Sulton Ahmad Mirzo]], [[Samarqand]] , [[Buxoro]],Shohruhiya, Sayram, Toshkent, va Shimoliy Xorazm Hukumdori boʻlgan. keyinchalik ukasi Umarshayx Mirzo II ni yengib Andijon Fargʻona va Namanganni egallagan.
* [[Balx]], [[Kunduz (shahar)|Qunduz]], [[Xatlon (viloyat)|Xatlon]], [[Chagʻoniyon|Chagʻoniyon]], [[Badaxshon]] va Hisor podshosi [[Sulton Mahmud Mirzo]]
* Ulugʻbek Mirzo II, [[Kobul (shahar)|Kobul]] va  [[Gʻazna|Gʻazna]]  shohi bir muddat Qandahor va Balxni boshqargan.
* [[Umarshayx Mirzo (temuriy)|Umar Shayx Mirzo II]], [[Fargʻona]] Andijon Namangan Margʻilon va [[Xoʻjand]] podshosi

Bu viloyatlar hukmdorlari bir-biri bilan tez-tez urushib turishgan.

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Qorabogʻ]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar imperiyasi ishtirokidagi janglar]]</text>
      <sha1>jfrlfkio08xv0bao0bdje7aybc9s58w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988692</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22281-99</username>
        <id>258040</id>
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      <text bytes="11596" sha1="kb8hphfdv5f898ahzuoyagenf6fx2g6" xml:space="preserve">{{Urush bilgiqutisi
| nomi = Qorabogʻ janggi
| qismi = 
| tasvir = [[Fayl:NK Mountains.JPG|260px]]
| sana = 1469-yil 4-fevral
| yer = Qorabogʻ (Hozirgi Ozarbayjon)
| sabab = Sulton Abusaid mirzo qoʻshinlari Qamalda 14kun och qolgan va tarqalib ketgan  Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qolgan qoʻshin bilan Hurosonga chekinish vaqtida Shaxzoda Xalil va Zaynal tomonidan asir olingan.
| natija = Sulton Abusaid Mirzo qoʻshini magʻlubiyatga uchradi va Sulton Abusaid Mirzo asirga tushdi.
| oʻzgarishlar = 
| raqib1 = [[Fayl:Flag of Ak Koyunlu.svg|20px]] [[Oq qoʻyunli]]
Shirvonshohlar
| raqib2 = [[Fayl:Timurid.svg|20px]] Temruriylar Imperyasi
Qoraquyunlilar davalati
| raqib3 = 
| qomondon1 = Uzun Hasan Shahzoda Xalil Shahzoda Zaynal Shahzoda Yoqub
| qomondon2 = Abu Said Mirzo &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(asir tushgan va qatl qilingan)&lt;/small&gt; Mahmud Mirzo   Qoraquyinli Hasan Ali
| qomondon3 = 
| harbiy_birlik1 = 
| harbiy_birlik2 = 
| harbiy_birlik3 = 
| kuch1 = 40.000-50.000askarlik  qoʻshin. 15.000 Otliq 
15.000piyoda 
5.000 Zahira qoʻshini 
5.000 Avangard qoʻshini
5.000 Ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch2 = 80.000-120.000 Harbiy qoʻshin. 40.000 Otliq qoʻshin
30.000 Piyoda qoʻshin
10.000 Kamonchi Manjaniqchi va Katapultachilar 
20.000 Zahira va ehtiyot quvati.
| kuch3 = 
| yoqotishlar1 = 20.000-25.000 askar
| yoqotishlar2 = 50.000-70.000 nafar askar Oʻldirilgan va asir tushgan. Qolgan 25.000-40.000 dan ortiq askar Eron va Hurosonga chekinishga muoffaq boʻlgan.
| yoqotishlar3 = 
| umumiy_yoʻqotishlar = 70.000-100.000 askar
| ilova = 
| Hududiy oʻzgarishlar = Ozarbayjon Iroqi-Ajam sharqiy Eron va Fors viloyati Oqquyunlilar tasarrufiga oʻtadi. Seyiston bir necha yil davomida  Oqquyunlilar davlatiga qaram boʻladi.
}}
'''Qorabogʻ janggi''' 1469-yil 4-fevralda [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Oq qoʻyunli|Oq qoʻyunli]] va [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] boshchiligidagi [[Movarounnahr]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylari]] oʻrtasida boʻlib oʻtgan, Natijada Abusaid Mirzo magʻlubiyatga uchragan, qamoqqa olingan va qatl etilgan. Jangdan soʻng temuriylar [[Iroq]] va gʻarbiy [[Eron|Eronni]] oʻz saltanatiga qaytarishga umidlarini abadiy yoʻqotdilar.

== Jang tafsiloti ==
Jahonshoh boshchiligidagi [[Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati|Qora qoʻyunli]] (Qora qoʻyunli turkman) va [[Uzun Hasan]] boshchiligidagi [[Jahonshoh|Oq qoʻyunlui]] (Oq [[Oq qoʻyunli|qoʻylunli]] turkman) oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuv XV asrda hal qiluvchi burilish yasadi. Jahonshoh hukmronligi davrida Qoraqoʻyunli hududi eng katta hududga yetib bordi, jumladan, [[Onadoʻli|Anadoludagi]] ulkan yerlar, hozirgi [[Iroq|Iroqning]] koʻp qismi, Markaziy [[Eron]] va hatto oxir-oqibat [[Kermon|Kirmon]] . U va undan oldingilar [[Samarqand]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylarining]] vassallari edilar. Biroq 15-asr oʻrtalariga kelib Jahonshoh Xurosondagi temuriylar hokimiyatining zaifligini tan olib, 1458-yil yozida uni bosib oldi. Samarqandning temuriy hukmdori [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] bu istiloga toqat qilolmadi. Jahonshoh [[Hirot|Hirotni]] qoʻlga kiritgach, oʻzining Qoraqoʻyunlu podsholigining bosimi va Oqqoʻyunlu Uzun Hasanning tobora kuchayib borayotgan tahdidi tufayli qiyin ahvolga tushib qoldi va uni ushlab tura olmadi. U oʻz davlatining chegaralarini Abusaid Mirzo hududlari hisobiga kengaytirmoqchi edi lekin  Abu Said Mirzo bilan boʼlgan jangda magʻlubiyatga ucharadi.  Shu sababli Jahoshoh Sulton Abusaid Mirzo bilan Muzokaralar olib  borishga majbur boʻlgan va muzokaralardan soʻng Jahonshoh hududiy demarkatsiyani Shohrux davriga qaytarishga rozi boʻlgan (Jahonshoh Iroq-i Arabni [[Shohrux Mirzo|,]] Abu Said esa Iroq-i Ajamni va Xurosonni ushlab turgan). Shunday qilib, Xuroson, Fors, Kirmon, Eron, Iroq-i Ajam  [[Mozandaron ustoni|Mozandaron]] va [[Goʻrgon (shahar)|Jurjon]] temuriylarga qaytarildi va Abu Said Mirzo qaytib kelib, 1458-yil 22-dekabrda Hirotni ikkinchi marta egalladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC|title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7|last=[[Maria Subtelny]]|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004160316|pages=411|accessdate=13-yanvar 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun Hasan oʻz navbatida [[Amir Temur|Temurning]] oʻzi tomonidan hududga olib kelingan temuriylarga sodiqligini eʼtirof etgan. Uzun Hasan yaqinda [[Diyorbakir|Diyarbakirda]] Sharqiy Anadoluda taxtga daʼvogarlarini magʻlub etganidan soʻng ustunlikka erishgan edi. U [[Usmonlilar imperiyasi|Usmonli saltanati]] va Qoraqoʻyunlularning tahdidlariga duch keldi va ularga qarshi keng koʻlamli yurishlarda ashaddiy jangchi sifatida shuhrat qozondi. Jahonshoh 1467-yil 30-oktabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZI3AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=A History of Persian Literature Under Tartar Dominion (A.D, 1265–1502)|last=Edward Granville Browne|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge: The University press Publication|page=89|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; (yoki 11-noyabr&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=jahan+shah+defeated+by+uzun+hasan|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|pages=1120|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;)da hozirgi [[Turkiya|Turkiyaning]] [[Bingöl (viloyat)|Chapakchur sanjagi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA907|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Alexander Mikaberidze|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598843361|page=907|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&amp;q=sanjaq+chapakchur&amp;pg=PA173|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6|last=Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521200943|page=173|accessdate=13-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; yaqinidagi Chapakchur jangida Jahonshoh Uzun Hasan tomonidan magʻlubiyatga uchradi. Uzun Hasan jadallikni davom ettirdi va Marandda Jahon Shoning oʻgʻli Hasan Alini magʻlub etdi.

Hasan Ali Xurosonga qochib, oʻsha paytda [[Marv|Marvda]] turgan Abu Said Mirzodan yordam soʻradi. Uzun Hasan bu rivojdan xavotirlanib, temuriylar podshosiga oʻz xonadonining temuriylarga doimiy sodiqligini, Qoraqoʻyunluning bevafoligini eslatib xat yozadi. Ammo Abu Said Mirzoning Uzun Hasanning niyati haqida oʻziga xos mulohazalari bor edi. U ham oʻz hududini bobosi Temurning shon-shuhratiga yetib borishini orzu qilgan. U Yaqin Sharqqa bostirib kirish uchun Hasan Alini taxtga qaytarish asosidan foydalanishni oʻyladi. Keyingi ekspeditsiya sharq tarixida mashhur boʻlib, uni [[Bobur]] (Abu Said Mirzoning nabirasi) ''Iroq-i Ajam falokati'' nomi bilan tez-tez tilga oladi.

== Jang ==
Abu Said Mirzo oʻz yoʻlida mamlakatni boʻysundirgan qudratli qoʻshin bilan Iroq-i Ajam [[Ozarbayjon|Ozarbayjoniga]] yoʻl oldi. U ikkita otryad yubordi; biri Iroq-i Ajamni, ikkinchisi [[Fors|Forsni]] egallash uchun. U Ozarbayjon tepaliklari orasidan Ardabil va [[Tabriz]] tomon [[Ardabil|yurarkan]], [[Uzun Hasan]] oʻzining muvaffaqiyatidan xavotirlanib, tinchlik soʻrab sudga bir necha marta elchixonalar yubordi, ammo Abu Said Mirzo turkmanni uning huzurida boʻlishini va avlodi oldida oʻzini kamtar boʻlishini talab qilgani behuda edi. Temur.

Uzun Hasan boʻysunishdan bosh tortdi va oʻzini oʻlka toʻl-koʻl boʻlgan togʻlar va toʻqnashuvlarga olib bordi va temuriylarni taʼqib qilish va rizqini uzishda tinmay qoʻshinlarini ishga soldi, dalada uchrashishdan ehtiyotkor boʻldi. Qilich erisha olmagan narsa ocharchilik bilan yakunlandi. Uzun Hasan Abu Said mirzoni qishki ahmoqona ishda yetaklagan edi. Abu Said Mirzoning koʻp sonli qoʻshini qish uchun mablagʻ yetishmasligi hamda oziq-ovqat zahiralarining kamayishi bosimidan aziyat cheka boshladi. 14 kun podshoh otlarida arpa yoʻq edi, natijada askar va zobitlar Abu Said Mirzoni xavotirga solib, koʻp boʻlib sahroga keta boshladilar. Qoʻshin parchalanib ketgan Abu Said Mirzo qochib ketayotganda xavfsizlik izlashga majbur boʻldi. Ammo 873-yil 22-rajab yoki (1469-yil 4-fevral) Uzun Hasanning oʻgʻillari yoki ularning odamlari taʼqib qilib, asirga olingan. Abu Said Mirzoning qudratli qoʻshini orasidan bir qanchasi oʻz uylariga qaytdi. Koʻp qismi uzoq vaqt chekinish paytida asirga olingan yoki oʻldirilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]] |year=2002 |title=Ain-I Akbari |publisher=Manas Publications |pages=1716 |isbn=9788175362284 |accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oqibati ==
Oradan uch kun oʻtgach, Abu Said Mirzo Uzun Hasanning ittifoqchisi boʻlgan Shohruhning nevarasi [[Yodgor Mirzo|Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoga]] topshirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSytwAACAAJ&amp;q=ain+i+akbari|title=Ain-I Akbari|last=[[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak]]|year=2002|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=9788175362284|pages=1716|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yodgor Muhammad Mirzo Abu Said Mirzoning katta buvisi [[Gavharshod begim|Gavhar Shodni]] oʻldirganligi bahonasida yo boshini kesib yoki [[Zaharlar|zaharli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P8gAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=abu+sa%27id+mirza+100,000+uzun+hasan|title=Links: cultural, historical, and literary links between India and the Soviet Union in the words of their great writers, poets, and artists|last=[[Feliks Feodosʹevich Kuznet︠s︡ov]]|year=1987|publisher=Rajpal and Sons|isbn=9788170280019|pages=360|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt; oʻldirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&amp;q=Uzun+Hasan+yadgar|title=First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913–1936|last=[[Martijn Theodoor Houtsma]]|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004097964|page=105|accessdate=4-fevral 2013-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FazlP1716&quot; /&gt; Keyinchalik 1469-yilda Uzun Hasan Yodgor Muhammad Mirzoni Abu Saidning vorisi deb eʼlon qilib, unga oʻsha paytda [[Husayn Boyqaro|Sulton Husayn Boyqaro]] nazorati ostida boʻlgan Xurosonni egallashi uchun qoʻshinlar bilan taʼminladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;HoutsmaP105&quot; /&gt; Temuriylarning magʻlubiyati hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega boʻldi. Bu koʻplab davlatlarga parchalanib ketgan [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|Temuriylar saltanatiga]] soʻnggi zarba berdi. Temuriylar saltanati oxir-oqibat ikki qismga, Xuroson va [[Movarounnahr|Transoxaniyaga]] va ularga tutash viloyatlarga boʻlindi. Poytaxti Hirot boʻlgan Xurosondagi hokimiyat Sulton Husayn Boyqaro qoʻliga oʻtdi; Holbuki, Maovarunnahr Abu Said Mirzoning toʻrt oʻgʻli oʻrtasida boʻlingan, yaʼni;

* [[Sulton Ahmad Mirzo]], [[Samarqand]] , [[Buxoro]],Shohruhiya, Sayram, Toshkent, va Shimoliy Xorazm Hukumdori boʻlgan. keyinchalik ukasi Umarshayx Mirzo II ni yengib Andijon Fargʻona va Namanganni egallagan.
* [[Balx]], [[Kunduz (shahar)|Qunduz]], [[Xatlon (viloyat)|Xatlon]], [[Chagʻoniyon|Chagʻoniyon]], [[Badaxshon]] va Hisor podshosi [[Sulton Mahmud Mirzo]]
* Ulugʻbek Mirzo II, [[Kobul (shahar)|Kobul]] va  [[Gʻazna|Gʻazna]]  shohi bir muddat Qandahor va Balxni boshqargan.
* [[Umarshayx Mirzo (temuriy)|Umar Shayx Mirzo II]], [[Fargʻona]] Andijon Namangan Margʻilon va [[Xoʻjand]] podshosi

Bu viloyatlar hukmdorlari bir-biri bilan tez-tez urushib turishgan.

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Qorabogʻ]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar imperiyasi ishtirokidagi janglar]]</text>
      <sha1>kb8hphfdv5f898ahzuoyagenf6fx2g6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Killian Tillie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988843</id>
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        <username>Sandro Halank</username>
        <id>78740</id>
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      <text bytes="5772" sha1="0k7gwrvgxs4e2ev2bhfnz7csjqmtfe2" xml:space="preserve">{{Basketbolchi bilgiqutisi
| name = Killian Tillie
| image = 2026-04-08 ALBA Berlin gegen Unicaja Málaga (Basketball Champions League 2025-26) by Sandro Halank–002.jpg
| caption = 
| position = 
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 9
| weight_lb = 220
| league = 
| team = Free agent
| number = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|3|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Parij]], Fransiya
| high_school =
| college = [[Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball|Gonzaga]] (2016-2020)
| draft_year = 2020-yil
| career_start = 2020-yil
| highlights =
| medal_templates =
}}

'''Killian Wiard Tillie''' (1998-yil 5-martda tugʻilgan) — fransuz professional [[Basketbol|basketbolchisi]], hozirda erkin agent hisonlanadi. U Gonzaga Bulldogs uchun kollej basketboli musobaqalarida oʻynagan. Boʻyi 2.08 m, ogʻirligi 100 kg bolib, u kuchli hujumchi va markaziy pozitsiyalarda himoyachi sifatida oʻynaydi. Tille 2016—2017-yilgi mavsumida Gonzaga universiteti jamoasiga qoʻshilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Tillie&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=French forward Killian Tillie commits to Gonzaga|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/aug/29/french-forward-killian-tillie-commits-gonzaga/|sana=August 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Dastlabki faoliyati ==
Tillie 14 yoshiga qadar basketbol va voleybol bilan shugʻullangan, keyinchalik basketbolga eʼtibor qaratgan. U oʻzining basketboldgi faoliyatini olti yoshida Cagnes Basketdagi yoshlar jamoasida boshlagan. Keyin u 2013-yilda Olimpik d’Antibes yoshlar akademiyasiga qoʻshilishdan oldin Stade Laurentin Basketga oʻtgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Killian Tillie : nouvelle pépite du basket français|url=http://sportsspirit.org/2014/11/29/killian-tillie-nouvelle-pepite-du-basket-francais/|ish=SportsSpirit|qaralgan sana=February 6, 2016|muallif=umdf|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206232825/http://sportsspirit.org/2014/11/29/killian-tillie-nouvelle-pepite-du-basket-francais/|arxivsana=February 6, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2014—2015-yilgi mavsum oldidan u INSEP akademiyasiga qoʻshilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Basket-Ball : un Tillie en cache toujours un autre|url=http://www.paris-normandie.fr/detail_sport/articles/1246712/tiens-encore-un-tillie-#.VrY1E8eJR8c|ish=www.paris-normandie.fr|qaralgan sana=February 6, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Sportga kirishi ===
2015-yil yanvar oyida Tillie [[ESPN]] tomonidan 2015-yil va 2016-yilgi bosqichlarda kollej basketbolini oʻynashga intilayotgan beshta eng yaxshi xalqaro oʻyinchilar orasida eʼtirof etilgan. Oʻsha paytda u Kaliforniyadan katta qiziqish uygʻotgan va jamoalar uning hayratlanarli hujumkor reboundi, yuqori energiyasini koʻrib hayratda qolishgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=The next wave of international prospects|url=http://insider.espn.go.com/blog/ncbrecruiting/on-the-trail/insider/post?id=12808|sana=January 31, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Kollej faoliyati ==
2017—2018-yilda ikkinchi kurs talabasi sifatida Tillie Gonzaganing ikkinchi eng yaxshi to‘purari bo‘lgan, har bir o‘yinda 26,2 daqiqada o‘rtacha 12,9 ball to‘plagan va har bir bahsda 5,9 ribaund va 1 blokdan zarba berishga muyassar boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.gozags.com/sports/m-baskbl/stats/2017-2018/teamcume.html#TEAM.IND|sarlavha=2017-18 Gonzaga Men's Basketball Season Box Score|ish=gozags.com|qaralgan sana=March 27, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Oʻzining porloq mavsumiga kelib, Tillie Preseason All-WCC jamoasiga tayinlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://wccsports.com/news/2018/10/18/mens-basketball-wcc-unveils-2018-19-preseason-poll-all-wcc-team.aspx|sarlavha=Gonzaga picked to Win 2018-19 Men's Basketball Championship|ish=[[West Coast Conference]]|sana=October 18, 2018|qaralgan sana=October 18, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2018-yil 30-oktabrda Tillie to‘pig‘idagi sinishi tufayli taxminan sakkiz haftani o‘tkazib yuborishi eʼlon qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Johnson |first=Raphielle |date=October 30, 2018 |title=Stress fracture to sideline Gonzaga C Killian Tillie eight weeks |work=[[NBC Sports]] |url=https://collegebasketball.nbcsports.com/2018/10/30/stress-fracture-to-sideline-gonzaga-c-killian-tillie-eight-weeks/ |access-date=October 30, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Terma jamoadagi faoliyati ==
Tillie Fransiyaning 16 yoshgacha boʻlgan yoshlar terma jamoasiga 2014-yilgi FIBA 16 yoshgacha boʻlganlar oʻrtasidagi Yevropa chempionatida gʻolib boʻlishiga hissa qoʻshgan, oʻrtacha 14,3 ochko, 9,6 ribaund, 1,7 assist, 1,2 blokli zarba va 1,2 toʻp oʻgʻirlash bilan turnirning eng yaxshi basketbolchisi deb tan olingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Tillie Towers Above The Competition {{!}} U16 Europe Championship Men — Division A|url=http://u16men.fibaeurope.com/en/coid_RZGz4WBjI0EEwGX6OT5LZ1.articleMode_on.html|ish=u16men.fibaeurope.com|qaralgan sana=February 6, 2016|arxivsana=2015-05-09|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509194941/http://u16men.fibaeurope.com/en/coid_RZGz4WBjI0EEwGX6OT5LZ1.articleMode_on.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U 25-pogʻonaga tushib ketgan va 18-pogʻonada yakunlagan, chempionlik uchun oʻyinda mezbon Latviya ustidan 78-53 hisobida gʻalaba qozongan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.fibaeurope.com/compID_YUjW-7-FJ%2CkK9s431Lyr41.season_2014.roundID_9771.gameID_10124-72-A-1.html|sarlavha=Boxscore Final Latvia - France|sana=August 30, 2014|qaralgan sana=February 6, 2016|ish=fibaeurope.com|nashriyot=FIBA Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
U Fransiya terma jamoasining sobiq professional voleybolchisi va murabbiyi Loran Tillie va Gollandiyadan sobiq professional voleybolchi Karolin Keulen-Tillining oʻgʻli hisoblanadi. Killianning ukalari ham professional sportchilar: Kim Tillie basketbol oʻynaydi, Kevin Tillie voleybol oʻynaydi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tillie, Killian}}
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]
[[Turkum:1998-yilda tugʻilganlar]]</text>
      <sha1>0k7gwrvgxs4e2ev2bhfnz7csjqmtfe2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:Location map/data/Vietnam Hanoi</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>884148</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988881</id>
      <parentid>3809009</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T04:31:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:Hanoi_location_map.svg]] [[Tasvir:Hanoi_location_map_(pre-2025).svg]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: 2025 reorganization radically changed internal boundaries. tufayli).</comment>
      <origin>5988881</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="140" sha1="kft0il4cpwr3pg9c9yxvk32ex0a0eco" xml:space="preserve">return {
	name = 'Hanoi',
	top = 21.425,
	bottom = 20.525,
	left = 105.155,
	right = 106.128,
	image = 'Hanoi location map (pre-2025).svg'
}</text>
      <sha1>kft0il4cpwr3pg9c9yxvk32ex0a0eco</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers: Rise of the Beasts</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>910210</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988950</id>
      <parentid>5980403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9123" sha1="3bvlh2l10dtnxn02mew3deqqnnitz9j" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformers:&lt;br /&gt;Rise of the Beasts
| tasvir               = Transformers- Rise of the Beasts.jpg
| izoh                 = Film posteri
| rejissyor            = Steven Caple Jr.
| prodyuser            = {{plainlist|
* [[Don Murphy]]
* [[Tom DeSanto]]
* [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
* [[Michael Bay]]
* Mark Vahradian
* Duncan Henderson
}}
| ssenariy_muallifi    = {{Plainlist|
* Joby Harold
* Darnell Metayer
* Josh Peters
* Erich Hoeber
* Jon Hoeber
}}
| rollarda             = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anthony Ramos]]
* [[Dominique Fishback]]
* [[Lauren Vélez|Luna Lauren Vélez]]
* [[Tobe Nwigwe]]
}}
| operator             = Enrique Chediak
| montajyor            = Stuart Levy&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Stuart Levy, ACE |url=https://gersh.com/production/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/LEVY-S-RES.pdf |qaralgan sana=2023-02-19 |arxivsana=2022-10-11 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011233436/https://gersh.com/production/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/LEVY-S-RES.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brett M. Reed&lt;br /&gt;William Goldenberg
| bastakor             = Jongnic Bontemps
| studiya              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paramount Pictures]]
* Skydance&lt;ref name=&quot;Grobar&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=22-iyun 2021-yil |title=Steven Caple Jr. &amp; Lorenzo Di Bonaventura Unveil Title For Seventh 'Transformers' Film, Tease New Character &amp; Story Details |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/transformers-7-steven-caple-jr-reveals-title-anthony-ramos-dominique-fishback-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-paramount-1234779155/ |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Entertainment One
* Di Bonaventura Pictures
* New Republic Pictures&lt;ref name=&quot;Grobar&quot; /&gt;
* Bay Films&lt;ref name=&quot;Collider&quot; /&gt;
}}
| distribyutor         = Paramount Pictures
| premyera             = {{premyera sanasi|2023|6|9|AQSh}}
| davomiylik           = 
| mamlakat             = AQSh
| til                  = inglizcha
| byudjet              = $200 million&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers will be filmed in Montreal |url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2021/03/23/transformers-sera-tourne-a-montreal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| daromad              = $433,8 million
}}
'''''Transformers: Rise of the Beasts''''' [[2013-yil filmlari|2023-yilda]] ekranlarga chiqarilishi kutilayotgan AQSh [[Ilmiy fantastika|ilmiy fantastik]] [[film|filmdir]]. [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|''Transformerlar'' filmlar seriyasining]] yettinchi filmi. Film gʻoyasi [[Hasbro]] shirkati ishlab chiqaradigan [[Transformerlar|shu nomdagi oʻyinchoqlar liniyasiga]] asoslangan. [[Paramount Pictures]], Skydance, Entertainment One, Di Bonaventura Pictures, New Republic Pictures va Bay Films studiyalari tomonidan ishlangan hamda Paramount Pictures tomonidan tarqatilgan. Film rejissori — Steven Caple Jr., produserlari — [[Don Murphy]], [[Tom DeSanto]], [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]], [[Michael Bay]], Mark Vahradian va Duncan Henderson, ssenariy mualliflari esa Joby Harold, Darnell Metayer, Josh Peters, Erich Hoeber va Jon Hoeberdir. Filmda bosh rollarni [[Anthony Ramos]], [[Dominique Fishback]], [[Lauren Vélez|Luna Lauren Vélez]] va [[Tobe Nwigwe]] ijro etgan.

Filmning ilk relizi 9-iyun 2023-yilda boʻlib oʻtdi.

== Rollarda ==
{{Asosiy|Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati}}

=== Odamlar ===
* [[Anthony Ramos]] — Noah Diaz&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=23-iyun 2021-yil |title='Transformers 7' Cast &amp; Filmmakers on the 90s Setting, Beast Wars, and Moving Away From the Michael Bay Films |url=https://collider.com/transformers-7-cast-rise-of-the-beasts-setting-differences-anthony-ramos-interview/ |url-status=live |access-date=12-iyul 2021-yil |website=Collider |language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi | url=https://ew.com/movies/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-everything-we-know/ | title=Everything we know about 'Transformers: Rise of the Beasts' | magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dominique Fishback]] — Elena Wallace&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi | url=https://ew.com/movies/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-everything-we-know/ | title=Everything we know about 'Transformers: Rise of the Beasts' | magazine=Entertainment Weekly }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Lauren Vélez]] — Noah{{'}}ning onasi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Chase |first=Stephanie |date=22-iyun 2021-yil |title=Transformers confirms new sequel title and plot details |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a36804725/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-plot-details/ |url-status=live |access-date=12-iyul 2021-yil |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tobe Nwigwe]] — Reek&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |date=1-dekabr 2022-yil |title=Transformers Rise of the Beasts – New Voice Actors Confirmed |url=https://news.tfw2005.com/2022/12/01/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-new-voice-actors-confirmed-471197 |access-date=4-dekabr 2022-yil |website=Transformer World 2005 - TFW2005.COM |language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=What the heck is a Maximal? Everything we know about Transformers: Rise of the Beasts |url=https://news.yahoo.com/heck-maximal-everything-know-transformers-214251774.html |access-date=4-dekabr 2022-yil |website=news.yahoo.com |language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CoD3qnIroWA/?igshid=NDk5N2NlZjQ%3D | title=Steven Caple Jr. On Instagram: &quot;True story… Reek Speaks 🕊🙏🏽&quot; }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Transformerlar ===
* [[Peter Cullen]] — [[Optimus Prime]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rise.release_Deadline&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=1-may 2020-yil |title=Paramount Dates New 'Transformers' Movie For 2022 |url=https://deadline.com/2020/05/paramount-dates-new-transformers-movie-for-2022-1202924176/ |access-date=22-iyun 2021-yil |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ron Perlman]] — Optimus Primal&lt;ref name=&quot;Collider&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Sneider |first=Jeff |date=28-iyun 2021-yil |title=Exclusive: 'Transformers: Rise of the Beasts' Adds Ron Perlman — Voice of Optimus Primal |url=https://collider.com/ron-perlman-optimus-primal-voice-transformers-7-rise-of-the-beasts/ |access-date=1-iyul 2021-yil |website=Collider}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Peter Dinklage]] — Scourge&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Goh |first=Marcus |date=22-iyun 2021-yil |title=Transformers: Rise Of The Beasts will feature Beast Transformers and Terrorcons |url=https://sg.style.yahoo.com/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-feature-beast-transformers-terrorcons-022053279.html |access-date=1-iyul 2021-yil |website=Yahoo! Lifestyle |language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Pete Davidson]] — Mirage&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Steven Caple Jr. On Instagram: &quot;Pete Davidson in disguise. 😂 @transformersmovie cast is amazing, man. Sneak peek of Pete voicing Mirage &amp; @michelleyeoh_official blessing us — the voice of Airazor 🫣 #rotb 2023&quot; |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cjlx3PPPC_J/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Liza Koshy]] — Arcee&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |last2=Cordero |first2=Rosy |date=1-dekabr 2022-yil |title='Transformers: Rise Of The Beasts' Adds Peter Dinklage, Liza Koshy, John DiMaggio &amp; More; Watch Trailer |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-peter-dinklage-liza-koshy-john-dimaggio-cast-1235186104/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Cristo Fernández]] — Wheeljack&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;
* [[John DiMaggio]]:
** Stratosphere&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;
** Transit&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi | url=https://ew.com/movies/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-everything-we-know/ | title=Everything we know about 'Transformers: Rise of the Beasts' | magazine=Entertainment Weekly }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Michelle Yeoh]] — Airazor&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;
* [[David Sobolov]]:
** Rhinox&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
** Battletrap&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last1=Cordero |first1=Anthony D'Alessandro,Rosy |last2=D'Alessandro |first2=Anthony |last3=Cordero |first3=Rosy |date=1-dekabr 2022-yil |title='Transformers: Rise Of The Beasts' Adds Peter Dinklage, Liza Koshy, John DiMaggio &amp; More; Watch Trailer |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/transformers-rise-of-the-beasts-peter-dinklage-liza-koshy-john-dimaggio-cast-1235186104/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Michaela Jaé Rodriguez]] — Nightbird&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi |title=Transformers Cars – Posts |url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F241517319219139%2Fposts%2F4618748274829333%2F%3Fd%3Dn |url-status=live |access-date=6-oktabr 2021-yil |website=Facebook |language=inglizcha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Rasmiy sayt|https://www.transformersmovie.com}}
* {{IMDbda film|5090568}}


{{Tashqi havolalar}}

{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}
{{Portal bar|AQSh|Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
[[Turkum:2023-yil filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:AQSh filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh ilmiy fantastik filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh jangari filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Paramount Pictures filmlari]]
[[Turkum:Robotlar haqidagi filmlar]]
[[Turkum:IMAX filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSh sarguzasht filmlari]]
[[Turkum:2023-yil 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:AQSH 3D-filmlari]]
[[Turkum:4DX-filmlar]]</text>
      <sha1>3bvlh2l10dtnxn02mew3deqqnnitz9j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Transformers (kinofranshiza)</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>914440</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988945</id>
      <parentid>3997801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988945</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2458" sha1="8lh88suvzxg0pe46jobnxdy9zrxliiz" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox
|name   = Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi
|title  = ''[[Transformerlar]]'' [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|filmlar seriyasi]]
|state  = {{{state|}}}
|bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = Filmlar
| list1 =  {{Navbox|subgroup
  | group1 = Original filmlar
  | list1  = 
* ''[[Transformerlar (film)|Transformerlar]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi|Razillar qasosi]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar|Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|Age of Extinction]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar|Soʻnggi ritsar]]'' (2017)
  | group2 = Prikvel filmlar
  | list2  = 
* ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|Rise of the Beasts]]'' (2023)
}}

| group2 = Musiqa
| list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup
  | group1 = Audio-relizlar
  | list1  = 
* ''Transformers: The Album''
* ''[[Transformers: The Score]]''
* ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – The Album''
* ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen – The Score''
* ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon – The Album''
* ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon – The Score''
* ''Transformers: Age of Extinction – The Score''
* ''Transformers: The Last Knight – Music from the Motion Picture''

 | group2 = Qoʻshiqlar
 | list2  = 
* „[[What I've Done]]“ 
* „[[Doomsday Clock]]“
* &quot;Before It's Too Late&quot;
* „[[Pretty Handsome Awkward]]“
* „[[New Divide]]“
* „[[Never Say Never]]“
* „[[Iridescent]]“
* „[[Monster]]“
* „[[All That You Are]]“
* „[[Battle Cry]]“
* „[[Until It's Gone]]“
* „[[Back to Life]]“
}}

| group3 = Videooʻyinlar
| list3 =
* ''[[Transformers: The Game|The Game]]''
** ''[[Transformers Autobots|Autobots]]''
** ''[[Transformers Decepticons|Decepticons]]''
* ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (videooʻyin)|Revenge of the Fallen]]''
** ''[[Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Autobots|Autobots]]''
** ''[[Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Decepticons|Decepticons]]''
* ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (videooʻyin)|Dark of the Moon]]''
* ''[[Transformers: Human Alliance|Human Alliance]]''
* ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark|Rise of the Dark Spark]]''

| group4 = Aloqador
| list4 =
* [[Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati]]

| below =
* {{Icon|Turkum}} '''[[:Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)|Turkum]]'''

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988954</id>
      <parentid>5988945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:41:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
      <origin>5988954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2269" sha1="80rzkag3bf98mpmb4og1is1w9db7k0d" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox
|name   = Transformers (kinofranshiza)
|title  = [[Transformers|„Transformers“]] [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)|kinofranshizasi]]
|state  = collapsed
|bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = Filmlar
| list1  = 
* „[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]“ (2007)
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen|Revenge of the Fallen]]“ (2009)
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon|Dark of the Moon]]“ (2011)
* „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|Age of Extinction]]“ (2014)
* „[[Transformers: The Last Knight|The Last Knight]]“ (2017)
* „[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]“ (2018)
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|Rise of the Beasts]]“ (2023)

| group2 = Musiqa
| list2  = {{Navbox|subgroup
  | group1 = Saundtreklar
  | list1  = 
* „[[Transformers: The Score|Transformers]]“
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (saundtrek)|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (saundtrek)|Dark of the Moon]]“
* „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction – The Score|Age of Extinction]]“
* „[[Transformers: The Last Knight – Music from the Motion Picture|The Last Knight]]“
* „[[Bumblebee (saundtrek)|Bumblebee]]“
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts (saundtrek)|Rise of the Beasts]]“

 | group2 = Qoʻshiqlar
 | list2  = 
* „[[What I've Done]]“ 
* „[[Doomsday Clock]]“
* „[[Before It's Too Late]]“
* „[[Pretty Handsome Awkward]]“
* „[[New Divide]]“
* „[[Never Say Never]]“
* „[[Iridescent]]“
* „[[Monster (qoʻshiq)|Monster]]“
* „[[All That You Are]]“
* „[[Battle Cry]]“
* „[[Until It's Gone]]“
* „[[Back to Life]]“
}}

| group3 = Videooʻyinlar
| list3  = 
* „[[Transformers: The Game]]“
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (oʻyin)|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (oʻyin)|Dark of the Moon]]“
* „[[Transformers: Human Alliance|Human Alliance]]“
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark|Rise of the Dark Spark]]“

| group4 = Aloqador
| list4  = 
* [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati|Personajlari roʻyxati]]

| below  = 
* {{Icon|Category}} [[:Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)|Turkum]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988955</id>
      <parentid>5988954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:41:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan [[Andoza:Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi]] sahifasini [[Andoza:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2269" sha1="80rzkag3bf98mpmb4og1is1w9db7k0d" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox
|name   = Transformers (kinofranshiza)
|title  = [[Transformers|„Transformers“]] [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)|kinofranshizasi]]
|state  = collapsed
|bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = Filmlar
| list1  = 
* „[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]“ (2007)
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen|Revenge of the Fallen]]“ (2009)
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon|Dark of the Moon]]“ (2011)
* „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|Age of Extinction]]“ (2014)
* „[[Transformers: The Last Knight|The Last Knight]]“ (2017)
* „[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]“ (2018)
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|Rise of the Beasts]]“ (2023)

| group2 = Musiqa
| list2  = {{Navbox|subgroup
  | group1 = Saundtreklar
  | list1  = 
* „[[Transformers: The Score|Transformers]]“
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (saundtrek)|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (saundtrek)|Dark of the Moon]]“
* „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction – The Score|Age of Extinction]]“
* „[[Transformers: The Last Knight – Music from the Motion Picture|The Last Knight]]“
* „[[Bumblebee (saundtrek)|Bumblebee]]“
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts (saundtrek)|Rise of the Beasts]]“

 | group2 = Qoʻshiqlar
 | list2  = 
* „[[What I've Done]]“ 
* „[[Doomsday Clock]]“
* „[[Before It's Too Late]]“
* „[[Pretty Handsome Awkward]]“
* „[[New Divide]]“
* „[[Never Say Never]]“
* „[[Iridescent]]“
* „[[Monster (qoʻshiq)|Monster]]“
* „[[All That You Are]]“
* „[[Battle Cry]]“
* „[[Until It's Gone]]“
* „[[Back to Life]]“
}}

| group3 = Videooʻyinlar
| list3  = 
* „[[Transformers: The Game]]“
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (oʻyin)|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (oʻyin)|Dark of the Moon]]“
* „[[Transformers: Human Alliance|Human Alliance]]“
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark|Rise of the Dark Spark]]“

| group4 = Aloqador
| list4  = 
* [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati|Personajlari roʻyxati]]

| below  = 
* {{Icon|Category}} [[:Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)|Turkum]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2272" sha1="qwixu9u9pvr4ytdaxz29cs2v54wsbv4" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox
|name   = Transformers (kinofranshiza)
|title  = [[Transformers|„Transformers“]] [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)|kinofranshizasi]]
|state  = collapsed
|bodyclass = hlist

| group1 = Filmlar
| list1  = 
* „[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]“ (2007)
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen|Revenge of the Fallen]]“ (2009)
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon|Dark of the Moon]]“ (2011)
* „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction|Age of Extinction]]“ (2014)
* „[[Transformers: The Last Knight|The Last Knight]]“ (2017)
* „[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]“ (2018)
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts|Rise of the Beasts]]“ (2023)

| group2 = Musiqa
| list2  = {{Navbox|subgroup
  | group1 = Saundtreklar
  | list1  = 
* „[[Transformers: The Score|Transformers]]“
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (saundtrek)|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (saundtrek)|Dark of the Moon]]“
* „[[Transformers: Age of Extinction – The Score|Age of Extinction]]“
* „[[Transformers: The Last Knight – Music from the Motion Picture|The Last Knight]]“
* „[[Bumblebee (saundtrek)|Bumblebee]]“
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts (saundtrek)|Rise of the Beasts]]“

 | group2 = Qoʻshiqlar
 | list2  = 
* „[[What I've Done]]“ 
* „[[Doomsday Clock]]“
* „[[Before It's Too Late]]“
* „[[Pretty Handsome Awkward]]“
* „[[New Divide]]“
* „[[Never Say Never]]“
* „[[Iridescent]]“
* „[[Monster (qoʻshiq)|Monster]]“
* „[[All That You Are]]“
* „[[Battle Cry]]“
* „[[Until It's Gone]]“
* „[[Back to Life]]“
}}

| group3 = Videooʻyinlar
| list3  = 
* „[[Transformers: The Game]]“
* „[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (oʻyin)|Revenge of the Fallen]]“
* „[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon (oʻyin)|Dark of the Moon]]“
* „[[Transformers: Human Alliance|Human Alliance]]“
* „[[Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark|Rise of the Dark Spark]]“

| group4 = Aloqador
| list4  = 
* [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati|Personajlari roʻyxati]]

| below  = 
* {{Icon|Category}} [[:Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)|Turkum]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)| Andoza]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkum:Transformerlar personajlari</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>914442</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5989041</id>
      <parentid>3599634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T11:39:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Turkum qoʻshildi</comment>
      <origin>5989041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="114" sha1="etovix6lvj06p6k6j0o0jmvfsuhrt84" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons category|Transformers characters}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar|personajlar]]
[[Turkum:Xayoliy personajlar]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformers (kinofranshiza)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>914455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988928</id>
      <parentid>5960466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:54:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)]] sahifasini [[Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi: -&gt; kinofranshiza</comment>
      <origin>5960466</origin>
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      <text bytes="4537" sha1="r87est9o8wcy82pwn8218rqp0hjtkvm" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar
| tasvir               = Logo of Transformers.png
| izoh                 = 
| rejissyor            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Michael Bay]] (1–5)
* [[Travis Knight]] (6)
* [[Steven Caple Jr.]] (7)
&lt;!-- * [[Josh Cooley]] (8) --&gt;
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]] va Tomy}}
| rollarda             = 
| distribyutor         = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| premyera             = 2007–hozir
| davomiylik           = {{Sum|143|150|154|165|149|114}} daqiqa (6 ta film)
| mamlakat             = {{USA}}
| til                  = [[inglizcha]]
| byudjet              = $1,1 milliard
| daromad              = $4,8 milliard
}}'''''Transformerlar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers'''}}) ''[[Transformerlar]]'' franshizasiga asoslangan [[ilmiy fantastik]]-[[jangari]] [[film]]lar seriyasidir&lt;ref name=&quot;Bay&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Vary |first=Adam B. |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/14/michael-bay-transformers-pain-and-gain/ |title='Transformers 4' lands Michael Bay as director |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=14-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=9-iyun 2020-yil |arxivsana=2020-06-19 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619194920/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/14/michael-bay-transformers-pain-and-gain/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;producer confirmation&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1679197/transformers-four-michael-bay/ |title=Michael Bay To Direct 'Transformers 4,' Producer Confirms |publisher=MTV |date=14-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=9-iyun 2020-yil |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521040628/http://movienight.mtv.ca/2012/02/michael-bay-to-direct-transformers-4-producer-confirms/ |archive-date=21-may 2012-yil |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiewire1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/producer-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-says-transformers-4-coming-for-summer-2014 |title=Producer Lorenzo Di Bonaventura Says 'Transformers 4' Coming For Summer 2014 &amp;#124; The Playlist |publisher=Indiewire |access-date=8-may 2012-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419032355/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/producer-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-says-transformers-4-coming-for-summer-2014 |archive-date=19-aprel 2012-yil |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Filmlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
! Film
! Reliz sanasi
! Rejissor (lar)
! Ssenariychi (lar)
! Hikoyachi (lar)
! Produser (lar)
! Maqom
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2007|07|03}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Michael Bay]]
| [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]
| [[John Rogers]], Roberto Orci va Alex Kurtzman
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ian Bryce]], [[Don Murphy]], [[Tom DeSanto]] va [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Chiqarilgan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2009|06|24}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ehren Kruger]], Roberto Orci va Alex Kurtzman
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2011|06|29}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ehren Kruger
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2014|06|27}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: The Last Knight]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2017|06|21}}
| [[Ken Nolan]], [[Art Marcum and Matt Holloway|Art Marcum va Matt Holloway]]
| Ken Nolan, Art Marcum, Matt Holloway va [[Akiva Goldsman]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2018|12|21}}
| [[Travis Knight]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Christina Hodson]]
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Michael Bay, [[Mark Vahradian]] va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2023|06|09}}
| [[Steven Caple Jr.]]
| [[Joby Harold]], Darnell Metayer, Josh Peters, Erich Hoeber va Jon Hoeber
| Joby Harold
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Michael Bay, Mark Vahradian, [[Duncan Henderson]] va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
| 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Transformers: A New Generation''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2024|07|19}}
| [[Josh Cooley]]
| Josh Cooley, Andrew Barrer va Gabriel Ferrari
| Andrew Barrer va Gabriel Ferrari
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Mark Vahradian, Aaron Dem va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
| 
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)| ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988931</id>
      <parentid>5988928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:55:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)]] sahifasini [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi: -&gt; Transformers</comment>
      <origin>5960466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4537" sha1="r87est9o8wcy82pwn8218rqp0hjtkvm" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar
| tasvir               = Logo of Transformers.png
| izoh                 = 
| rejissyor            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Michael Bay]] (1–5)
* [[Travis Knight]] (6)
* [[Steven Caple Jr.]] (7)
&lt;!-- * [[Josh Cooley]] (8) --&gt;
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]] va Tomy}}
| rollarda             = 
| distribyutor         = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| premyera             = 2007–hozir
| davomiylik           = {{Sum|143|150|154|165|149|114}} daqiqa (6 ta film)
| mamlakat             = {{USA}}
| til                  = [[inglizcha]]
| byudjet              = $1,1 milliard
| daromad              = $4,8 milliard
}}'''''Transformerlar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers'''}}) ''[[Transformerlar]]'' franshizasiga asoslangan [[ilmiy fantastik]]-[[jangari]] [[film]]lar seriyasidir&lt;ref name=&quot;Bay&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Vary |first=Adam B. |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/14/michael-bay-transformers-pain-and-gain/ |title='Transformers 4' lands Michael Bay as director |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=14-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=9-iyun 2020-yil |arxivsana=2020-06-19 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619194920/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/14/michael-bay-transformers-pain-and-gain/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;producer confirmation&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1679197/transformers-four-michael-bay/ |title=Michael Bay To Direct 'Transformers 4,' Producer Confirms |publisher=MTV |date=14-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=9-iyun 2020-yil |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521040628/http://movienight.mtv.ca/2012/02/michael-bay-to-direct-transformers-4-producer-confirms/ |archive-date=21-may 2012-yil |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiewire1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/producer-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-says-transformers-4-coming-for-summer-2014 |title=Producer Lorenzo Di Bonaventura Says 'Transformers 4' Coming For Summer 2014 &amp;#124; The Playlist |publisher=Indiewire |access-date=8-may 2012-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419032355/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/producer-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-says-transformers-4-coming-for-summer-2014 |archive-date=19-aprel 2012-yil |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Filmlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
! Film
! Reliz sanasi
! Rejissor (lar)
! Ssenariychi (lar)
! Hikoyachi (lar)
! Produser (lar)
! Maqom
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2007|07|03}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Michael Bay]]
| [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]
| [[John Rogers]], Roberto Orci va Alex Kurtzman
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ian Bryce]], [[Don Murphy]], [[Tom DeSanto]] va [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Chiqarilgan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2009|06|24}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ehren Kruger]], Roberto Orci va Alex Kurtzman
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2011|06|29}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ehren Kruger
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2014|06|27}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: The Last Knight]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2017|06|21}}
| [[Ken Nolan]], [[Art Marcum and Matt Holloway|Art Marcum va Matt Holloway]]
| Ken Nolan, Art Marcum, Matt Holloway va [[Akiva Goldsman]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2018|12|21}}
| [[Travis Knight]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Christina Hodson]]
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Michael Bay, [[Mark Vahradian]] va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2023|06|09}}
| [[Steven Caple Jr.]]
| [[Joby Harold]], Darnell Metayer, Josh Peters, Erich Hoeber va Jon Hoeber
| Joby Harold
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Michael Bay, Mark Vahradian, [[Duncan Henderson]] va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
| 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Transformers: A New Generation''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2024|07|19}}
| [[Josh Cooley]]
| Josh Cooley, Andrew Barrer va Gabriel Ferrari
| Andrew Barrer va Gabriel Ferrari
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Mark Vahradian, Aaron Dem va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
| 
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}

[[Turkum:Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)| ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988942</id>
      <parentid>5988931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Eski nomdagi turkum yangi nomga oʻtkazildi</comment>
      <origin>5988942</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4530" sha1="bt43g7kcqppajow6gzvn6a2fknavlwa" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| nom                  = Transformerlar
| tasvir               = Logo of Transformers.png
| izoh                 = 
| rejissyor            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Michael Bay]] (1–5)
* [[Travis Knight]] (6)
* [[Steven Caple Jr.]] (7)
&lt;!-- * [[Josh Cooley]] (8) --&gt;
}}
| asoslangan           = {{Based on|''[[Transformerlar]]''|[[Hasbro]] va Tomy}}
| rollarda             = 
| distribyutor         = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| premyera             = 2007–hozir
| davomiylik           = {{Sum|143|150|154|165|149|114}} daqiqa (6 ta film)
| mamlakat             = {{USA}}
| til                  = [[inglizcha]]
| byudjet              = $1,1 milliard
| daromad              = $4,8 milliard
}}'''''Transformerlar''''' ({{lang-en|'''Transformers'''}}) ''[[Transformerlar]]'' franshizasiga asoslangan [[ilmiy fantastik]]-[[jangari]] [[film]]lar seriyasidir&lt;ref name=&quot;Bay&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |last=Vary |first=Adam B. |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/14/michael-bay-transformers-pain-and-gain/ |title='Transformers 4' lands Michael Bay as director |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=14-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=9-iyun 2020-yil |arxivsana=2020-06-19 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619194920/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/14/michael-bay-transformers-pain-and-gain/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;producer confirmation&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1679197/transformers-four-michael-bay/ |title=Michael Bay To Direct 'Transformers 4,' Producer Confirms |publisher=MTV |date=14-fevral 2012-yil |access-date=9-iyun 2020-yil |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521040628/http://movienight.mtv.ca/2012/02/michael-bay-to-direct-transformers-4-producer-confirms/ |archive-date=21-may 2012-yil |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiewire1&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/producer-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-says-transformers-4-coming-for-summer-2014 |title=Producer Lorenzo Di Bonaventura Says 'Transformers 4' Coming For Summer 2014 &amp;#124; The Playlist |publisher=Indiewire |access-date=8-may 2012-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419032355/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/producer-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-says-transformers-4-coming-for-summer-2014 |archive-date=19-aprel 2012-yil |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Filmlar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
! Film
! Reliz sanasi
! Rejissor (lar)
! Ssenariychi (lar)
! Hikoyachi (lar)
! Produser (lar)
! Maqom
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2007|07|03}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Michael Bay]]
| [[Roberto Orci]] va [[Alex Kurtzman]]
| [[John Rogers]], Roberto Orci va Alex Kurtzman
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Ian Bryce]], [[Don Murphy]], [[Tom DeSanto]] va [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Chiqarilgan
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2009|06|24}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ehren Kruger]], Roberto Orci va Alex Kurtzman
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2011|06|29}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ehren Kruger
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2014|06|27}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: The Last Knight]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2017|06|21}}
| [[Ken Nolan]], [[Art Marcum and Matt Holloway|Art Marcum va Matt Holloway]]
| Ken Nolan, Art Marcum, Matt Holloway va [[Akiva Goldsman]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2018|12|21}}
| [[Travis Knight]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Christina Hodson]]
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Michael Bay, [[Mark Vahradian]] va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Transformers: Rise of the Beasts]]''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2023|06|09}}
| [[Steven Caple Jr.]]
| [[Joby Harold]], Darnell Metayer, Josh Peters, Erich Hoeber va Jon Hoeber
| Joby Harold
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Michael Bay, Mark Vahradian, [[Duncan Henderson]] va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
| 
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Transformers: A New Generation''
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Start date|2024|07|19}}
| [[Josh Cooley]]
| Josh Cooley, Andrew Barrer va Gabriel Ferrari
| Andrew Barrer va Gabriel Ferrari
| Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Mark Vahradian, Aaron Dem va Lorenzo di Bonaventura
| 
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}


{{Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi}}

[[Turkum:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkum:Ekshen janridagi videooʻyinlar</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>919797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988974</id>
      <parentid>4719520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:00:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Turkum qoʻshildi</comment>
      <origin>5988974</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31" sha1="6z4xgcissmhgjr89whglfziyhtaa6l6" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Videooʻyin janrlari]]</text>
      <sha1>6z4xgcissmhgjr89whglfziyhtaa6l6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saturday Night Live</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>948900</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988852</id>
      <parentid>5974946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T01:34:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stephan1000000</username>
        <id>46619</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>1005</comment>
      <origin>5988852</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5585" sha1="29j9h3uyf4gs7up25m1qqnrfhcnz79z" xml:space="preserve">{{Telekoʻrsatuv bilgiqutisi
| tasvir                    = SNL s48 logo.svg
| izoh                      = 
| janr                      = {{Plainlist|
*[[Komediya]]
}}
| muallif                   = Lorne Michaels
| ssenariy_muallifi         = 
| rejissor                  = {{Plainlist|
*Dave Wilson&lt;br /&gt;(1975–1986; 1989–1995)&lt;ref name=&quot;thrdirector&quot; /&gt;
*Paul Miller&lt;br /&gt;(1986–1989)&lt;ref name=&quot;thrdirector&quot; /&gt;
*Beth McCarthy-Miller&lt;br /&gt;(1995–2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;thrdirector&quot; /&gt;
*Don Roy King&lt;br /&gt;(2006–2021)&lt;ref name=&quot;thrdirector&quot; /&gt;
*Liz Patrick&lt;br /&gt;(2021–bugun)&lt;ref name=&quot;thrdirector&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |last1=Porter |first1=Rick |title='Saturday Night Live' Director Don Roy King Retiring |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/snl-director-don-roy-king-retiring-1235021763/ |access-date=14-iyun 2021-yil |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=28-sentabr 2021-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009231904/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/snl-director-don-roy-king-retiring-1235021763/ |archive-date=9-oktabr 2021-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| rollarda                  = 
| sharhlovchi               = Don Pardo&lt;br /&gt;Mel Brandt&lt;br /&gt;Bill Hanrahan&lt;br /&gt;Darrell Hammond
| mamlakat                  = {{USA}}
| til                       = [[inglizcha]]
| mavsumlar_soni            = 51
| qismlar_soni              = 1005
| ijrochi_produser          = Lorne Michaels&lt;br /&gt;(1975–1980; 1985–bugun)&lt;br /&gt;Jean Doumanian (1980—1981)&lt;br /&gt;Dick Ebersol (1981—1985)
| joy                       = Studio 8H, [[NBC|NBC Studios]], [[Nyu-York shahri]]
| qism_davomiyligi          = 93 daqiqa
| studiya                   = {{Plainlist|
*[[Broadway Video]] {{small|(1981–bugun)}}
{{collapsible list|title=Boshqa studiyalar:|
*[[NBC]] {{small|(1975–1982)}}
*[[Universal Television|NBC Productions]] {{small|(1982–1996)}}
*[[Universal Television|NBC Studios]] {{small|(1996–1999)}}
*[[SNL Studios]] {{small|(1999–bugun)}}}}
}}
| telekanal                 = [[NBC]]
| tasvir_formati            = {{Plainlist|
*[[NTSC]] &lt;small&gt;(1975–2005)&lt;/small&gt;
*[[HDTV]] [[1080i]] &lt;small&gt;(2005–bugun)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| ilk_efirga_chiqqan_sanasi = {{Start date|1975|10|11}}
| oxirgi_efirga_chiqqan_sanasi = bugun
}}
'''''{{lang|en|Saturday Night Live}}''''' [[AQSh]]ning [[NBC]] telekanalida efirga uzatilib kelinayotgan oqshomgi [[Musiqiy film|musiqiy]]-[[Komediya|yumoristik]] koʻrsatuvdir. Koʻrsatuv AQSh televideniyesi tarixidagi eng mashhur va uzoq davom etgan dasturlardan biridir. Premyerasi [[1975-yil]] [[11-oktyabr]]da boʻlib oʻtgan.

== Xalqaro versiyalari ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
! Davlat
! Nomi
! Telekanal
! Qachon efirga uzatilgan
! Til
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Brazil}}
| ''Saturday Night Live''
| RedeTV!
| 27-may, 2012 – 20-oktabr, 2012
| portugalcha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Canada}}
| ''SNL Québec''
| Télé-Québec
| 8-fevral, 2014 – 21-mart, 2015
| fransuzcha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|China}}
| ''周六夜现场''
| Youku
| 23-iyun, 2018 – 8-sentabr, 2018
| xitoycha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|France}}
| ''Le Saturday Night Live''
| M6
| 5-yanvar, 2017 
| fransuzcha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Germany}}
| ''RTL Samstag Nacht''
| RTL Television
| 6-noyabr, 1993 – 23-may, 1998
| nemischa
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Italy}}
| ''Saturday Night Live from Milano''&lt;br /&gt;''Saturday Night Live''
| Italia 1&lt;br /&gt;TV8
| 2006 – 2011&lt;br /&gt;7-aprel, 2018 – 12-may, 2018
| italyancha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Japan}}
| ''サタデーナイトライブ JPN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Saturday Night Live JPN&lt;/small&gt;''
| Fuji TV
| 27-oktabr, 2012 – 17-noyabr, 2012
| yaponcha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Poland}}
| ''SNL Polska''
| Showmax
| 2-dekabr, 2017 – 17-mart, 2018
| polyakcha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Russia}}
| ''Суббота. Вечер. Шоу''&lt;br /&gt;''Сегодня. Вечер. Шоу''
| NTV
| 13-sentabr, 2013 – 11-yanvar, 2014
| ruscha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Flagicon|South Korea}}
| ''SNL 코리아''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Saturday Night Live Korea&lt;/small&gt;
| TVN
| 3-dekabr, 2011 – 18-noyabr, 2017
| koreyscha
|-
| ''SNL 코리아''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Saturday Night Live Korea&lt;/small&gt;
| Coupang Play
| 4-sentabr, 2021 – present
| koreyscha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Spain}}
| ''Saturday Night Live''
| Cuatro
| 5-fevral, 2009 – 13-may, 2009
| ispancha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Finland}}
| ''Saturday Night Live Suomi''
| MTV3
| 6-fevral, 2016 – 23-aprel, 2016
| fincha
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{Flagicon|Egypt}}
| ''ساترداي نايت لايف بالعربي&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Saturday Night Live Arabic&lt;/small&gt;''
| OSN
| 20-fevral, 2016 – 6-yanvar, 2018
| arabcha
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar == 
{{commons category}}
*{{Rasmiy sayt|http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live}}
*{{Curlie|Arts/Television/Programs/Comedy/Sketch_Comedy/Saturday_Night_Live/}}
*{{IMDbda film|id=0072562|title=Saturday Night Live}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151228172458/https://screen.yahoo.com/snl/ ''Saturday Night Live''] [[Yahoo!|Yahoo! Screen]]da

{{Portal bar|Komediya|Televideniye|AQSh}}

[[Turkum:1970-yillar teleseriallari]]
[[Turkum:1980-yillar teleseriallari]]
[[Turkum:1990-yillar teleseriallari]]
[[Turkum:2000-yillar teleseriallari]]
[[Turkum:2010-yillar teleseriallari]]
[[Turkum:2020-yillar teleseriallari]]
[[Turkum:NBC dasturlari]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz tilidagi televizion shoular]]</text>
      <sha1>29j9h3uyf4gs7up25m1qqnrfhcnz79z</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eron-suadiya mojarosi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T05:01:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Tasvir:InfoboxHez.PNG]] [[Tasvir:Flag_of_Hezbollah_(thumbnail_placeholder).png]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · Hez could mean many things. tufayli).</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61956" sha1="6qsml5ko9a994trfc7i98he13zpbn1k" xml:space="preserve">'''Eron va Saudiya Arabistoni -''' [[Yaqin Sharq]] va musulmon dunyosining boshqa mintaqalarida ta'sir o'tkazish uchun davom etayotgan kurashda.  Ikki davlat yaqin atrofdagi mojarolarda, jumladan [[Suriya]]  va [[Yaman]]dagi fuqarolar urushlarida qarama-qarshi tomonlarga turli darajada yordam koʻrsatdi; Bahrayn, Livan, Qatar,  va Iroqdagi nizolar.  Shuningdek, u jahon miqyosidagi boshqa mamlakatlarda, shu jumladan G'arbiy,   Shimoliy  va Sharqiy Afrikada,  Janubiy  nizolarga yoki kengroq raqobatga taalluqlidir.  Markaziy,   Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo, Bolqon,  va Kavkaz.  Sovuq urush deb ta'riflangan davrda mojaro mintaqaviy gegemonlikka intilish uchun geosiyosiy, iqtisodiy va mazhablararo ta'sir tufayli bir necha darajalarda olib borilmoqda.  Raqobat [[Sovuq urush|Sovuq Urush]] davri dinamikasi bilan taqqoslangan.  2023-yil 10-martdan boshlab Eron va Saudiya Arabistoni oʻrtasidagi diplomatik munosabatlar Xitoy-Iroq vositachiligidagi muzokaralar  tufayli tiklandi, bu esa Yaqin Sharqdagi siyosiy iqlimga katta ijobiy taʼsir koʻrsatishi mumkin.

===  Kelib chiqishi ===
Arab-Eron mojarosi     yoki arab-fors mojarosi Arab Ligasi mamlakatlari va Eron oʻrtasidagi zamonaviy mojaroga nisbatan qoʻllanadigan atamadir. Kengroq maʼnoda bu atama arablar va forslar oʻrtasida asrlar davomida mavjud boʻlgan tarixiy etnik ziddiyatlarga  hamda Saudiya Arabistoni tufayli shia va sunniy musulmonlar oʻrtasidagi tarixiy diniy mazhab mojarosiga nisbatan ham qoʻllanadi  va inqilobdan keyingi Eron o'zlarini mos ravishda sunniy musulmonlar va shia musulmonlari uchun yetakchi yetakchi davlatlar sifatida ko'radi. Bu mojaroda Eronning Iroq, Suriya, Livan, Jazoir va Tunis kabi ko'plab arab davlatlari bilan juda ijobiy aloqalari borligi e'tiborga molik. [[Qatar]], shuningdek, Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushi bo'yicha turlicha qarashlariga qaramay, Tehron bilan yaqin hamkorlik aloqalarini o'rnatdi, Qatar diplomatik inqirozida Saudiya Arabistoni va boshqa Fors ko'rfazi davlatlariga qarshi Qatarni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun arab bo'lmagan ikki davlat - Eron va Turkiya bilan. ikki yildan ortiq. Shu nuqtai nazardan, raqobat va keskinlik ko'pincha Eron va Fors ko'rfazi arab monarxiyalari (ularning barchasi ko'proq teokratik boshqaruv bilan bog'liq), masalan, GCC davlatlari va ularning ittifoqchilari: [[Misr]], [[Sudan]], [[Iordaniya]] va [[Marokash]] o'rtasida bo'ladi. Arab-Eron mojarosidagi eng katta raqobat Saudiya Arabistoni va Eron o'rtasida bo'lib, ular 1970-yillarning oxiridan beri bir-biriga qarshi og'ir proksi urush olib bormoqda.
===Eron inqilobi===
Proksi-to'qnashuvni 1979 yildagi Eron inqilobi, AQSh tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan monarxik Eron Imperator Davlati islomiy respublikaga aylangan paytdan kuzatish mumkin. Inqilobchilar monarxiyalar va dunyoviy hukumatlarni ag'darib tashlashni islomiy respublikalar bilan almashtirishga chaqirishdi, bu esa mintaqadagi sunniylar tomonidan boshqariladigan arab monarxiyalari Saudiya Arabistoni, Baaschi Iroq, Quvayt va boshqa Fors ko'rfazi davlatlarini xavotirga soldi. monarxiyalar bo'lgan va ularning barchasida shialarning katta aholisi bor edi. 1979 yilda Saudiya Arabistonida, 1981 yilda Misr va Bahraynda, 1982 yilda Suriyada, 1983 yilda Livanda islomiy isyonchilar kuchaydi.
[[Eron inqilobi|Eron inqilobidan]] oldin bu ikki davlat Nikson doktrinasining Yaqin Sharqdagi “egizak ustun” siyosatini tashkil qilgan.  Monarxiyalar, xususan, 1953-yilda AQSh boshchiligidagi davlat toʻntarishidan keyin Eron, Fors koʻrfazi mintaqasida barqarorlikni taʼminlash va Gamal Abdel Nosir boshchiligidagi Saudiya Arabistoni va Misr oʻrtasidagi sovuq arab urushi davrida Sovet taʼsiriga qarshi qoʻrgʻon vazifasini bajarish uchun AQSh bilan ittifoqchi boʻlgan. Alyans Saudiya-Eron munosabatlariga mo'tadil ta'sir ko'rsatdi. 
Bu davrda Saudiya Arabistoni o'zini musulmon olamining yetakchisi sifatida ko'rsatdi va o'zining qonuniyligini qisman muqaddas Makka va Madina shaharlarini nazorat qilishiga asosladi. 1962 yilda Makkada bo'lib o'tgan Bosh Islom konferentsiyasiga homiylik qildi va unda Musulmonlar Jahon Ligasini tuzish to'g'risida rezolyutsiya qabul qilindi. Tashkilot Saudiya Arabistoni nuqtai nazaridan [[Islom|islomni]] yoyish va islom birdamligini rivojlantirishga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, islomni, xususan Saudiya hukumati tomonidan ilgari surilgan konservativ vahhobiy ta'limotini targ'ib qilishda muvaffaqiyat qozongan.  Saudiya Arabistoni 1969 yilda Islom hamkorlik tashkilotining tashkil etilishiga ham boshchilik qilgan.
Saudiya Arabistonining musulmon dunyosi yetakchisi sifatidagi imidji 1979-yilda Al Saud sulolasining qonuniyligi va uning Ikki Muqaddas Masjidning Homiysi sifatidagi obro‘siga qarshi chiqqan Oyatulloh Xomayniy boshchiligidagi Eronning yangi teokratik hukumati paydo bo‘lishi bilan putur yetkazdi.   Podshoh Xolid dastlab Eronni tabrikladi va “Islom birdamligi” ikki davlat o‘rtasidagi yaqin munosabatlarning asosi bo‘lishi mumkinligini aytdi, biroq keyingi o‘n yil ichida munosabatlar sezilarli darajada yomonlashdi.

== Qatif mojarosi  ==
1979 yilgi Eron inqilobidan so'ng Qatif qo'zg'olonining to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qo'zg'atuvchisi Saudiya Arabistonida ommaviy ravishda nishonlanishi taqiqlangan shia diniy Ashura bayramiga bag'ishlangan motam marosimi edi. Keyingi yurishlar va noroziliklar keskinlikning kuchayishiga olib keldi, natijada keyingi bir necha kun ichida namoyishchilar va Saudiya xavfsizlik kuchlari o'rtasida qonli to'qnashuvlar bo'lib, ikkinchisi birinchisiga qarata o't ochdi. Keyingi oylarda ommaviy hibsga olishlar va zo'ravonliklarni o'z ichiga olgan ketma-ket norozilik namoyishlari bo'lib o'tdi, ammo ular asosan kamsitish, ekspluatatsiya, asosiy erkinliklarning yo'qligi va modernizatsiya va rivojlanish bo'yicha amalga oshirilmagan va'dalardan umidsizlik kabi mahalliy va jamoatchilik tashvishlarini aks ettirdi. Bu qoʻzgʻolon Oyatulloh Humayniyning inqilobga daʼvatiga toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri javob emas, balki Eron inqilobidan ilhomlangan. Qoʻzgʻolon voqealarida Eron bilan aloqada boʻlgan mintaqaviy faol tashkilot boʻlgan Arab yarimorolidagi Islom inqilobi tashkiloti (OIR yoki OIRAP) ishtirok etgan. Tashkilot Erondan radio stantsiyani boshqaradi va Tehronda vakolatxonasi bor edi. Bu shia qarshiliklarini va ijtimoiy va siyosiy muammolarni hal qilish talablarini rag'batlantirdi. 
1980-yillar davomida shia va davlat o'rtasidagi munosabatlar surgundagi yuzlab faollar bilan keskin bo'lib qoldi, chunki shia muxolifati 1979 yildan keyin o'sha paytdagi tegishli shartlar asosida Eronga ko'chib o'tdi. OIRAP Saudiya Arabistonida Erondan zo'ravonliksiz, ammo radikal ritorika bilan Saudiya hukumatini noqonuniy deb hisoblagan holda nashr qilish, mablag' yig'ish va ijtimoiy harakatni qurishga e'tibor qaratdi. 1982 yildan 1984 yil o'rtalariga qadar OIRAPning yuzlab xayrixohlari asosan harakat adabiyotlarini tarqatish, graffiti yozish, mablag' yig'ish va keng ko'lamli safarbarlik urinishlari uchun hibsga olindi, 1985 yilgacha ommaviy hibsga olish Saudiya Arabistonidagi ichki tashkilotni tarqatib yubordi. 1987 yildagi &quot;haj voqeasi&quot; Saudiya Arabistoni va Eron o'rtasidagi ziddiyatning kuchayishiga olib keldi va OIRAP adovatga berilib ketmaslik uchun o'z faoliyatini Erondan tashqariga ko'chirishga qaror qildi. Islom inqilobi qo'riqchilari korpusi Saudiya Arabistonida harbiy qanot yaratish va davlatga qarshi hujumlar uyushtirishdan bosh tortdi. 
&quot;Haj voqeasi&quot; ortidan yangi tashkilot paydo bo'ldi, Hizbulloh al-Hijoz Eron bilan ittifoq tuzishga va harbiy yo'l bilan javob qaytarishga tayyor edi. Uning uzoq muddatli siyosiy maqsadi Arabiston yarim orolida islomiy respublikani barpo etish edi va Saudiya Arabistonining Sharqiy viloyatini ajratib olishni nazarda tutuvchi zo'ravonlik yo'li bilan Saudiya hukumatini ag'darish tarafdori edi. Hizbulloh al-Hijoz Imom Humayniy yo'nalishi tarafdorlarini nazarda tutgan Xatul Imom harakatining harbiy qanoti edi. Harakat dastlab diniy, ijtimoiy va madaniy xarakterga ega bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, keyinchalik siyosiylashgan. Ikki o'rtasidagi munosabatlar noaniqligicha qolmoqda. Hizbulloh al-Hijoz OIRAPning Saudiya Arabistonidagi shia muxolifat spektrini tubdan tugatish va Eronning Saudiya Arabistoniga qarshi tashviqot harakatlaridagi rolini o'z zimmasiga oldi. Ikkisi bir-biridan uzoqlashdi va bu Saudiya shia islomiy muxolifatining parchalanishiga olib keldi. Hizubloh al-Hijoz Saudiya Arabistonida 1988-yil 26-aprelda Saudiya Arabistonining Eron bilan diplomatik aloqalarini uzishiga sabab boʻlgan “haj voqeasi”ga javoban portlashlar uyushtirdi. Biroq 1989 yildan keyin Hizbulloh al-Hijoz va Xatul Imomning Saudiya Arabistoni ichidagi tarmoqlari uning koʻplab yetakchilarining hibsga olinishi tufayli jiddiy zaiflashdi. 
Ayni paytda, Fors ko'rfazi urushi paytida OIRAP o'z nomini Shia Reform Harakati (RMS) va u bilan bo'lgan strategiyasiga o'zgartirdi, islomiy va shia nutqidan uzoqlashdi va Qatifda to'plangan hukumat muxolifati bilan demokratiya va inson huquqlari tarafdori faolligiga o'tdi. Sharqiy viloyat. Saudiya shialari muxolifatda muhim rol o'ynagan, ammo Fors ko'rfazi urushi paytida OIRAP Saudiya Arabistoniga sodiq qolgan. Muxolifat va hukumat o'rtasidagi yaqinlashuv Imom Humayniy vafotidan va Fors ko'rfazi urushi tugagandan so'ng, Eron va Saudiya Arabistoni o'rtasida 1991 yil 26 martda diplomatik aloqalar tiklanganidan keyin mumkin bo'ldi. Hizbulloh al-Hijoz 1993 yilda asosan shia muxolifati va hukumat o'rtasidagi kelishuvga qarshi chiqdi, hatto hukumat shia siyosiy mahbuslarni ozod qilgan va surgundagilarga amnistiya e'lon qilganida ham, shialar uchun haqiqiy yutuqlarga erishilgan taqdirdagina uni qo'llab-quvvatlashini ta'kidlagan. Xat al-Imom harakati 1996 yildagi Xoban minoralari portlashlaridan oldin, ba'zi shialarning kelishuvdan hafsalasi pir bo'lganidan keyin qisqa vaqt ichida mashhur bo'ldi. 1996 yilda Xoban minoralariga qilingan hujumdan so'ng, tashkilot o'z ishtirokini inkor etsa ham, uning ko'plab a'zolari va unga aloqador shaxslar va Hizbulloh al-Hijoz a'zolarini qamoqqa tashlash uchun keng tarqalgan ommaviy hibsga olish kampaniyasi o'tkazildi. Biroq, u hukumatga qarshi kurashni davom ettirishga va'da berdi va 1993 yildagi kelishuvni, hatto a'zolarining aksariyati hibsga olingan taqdirda ham qoraladi. 
Eron Hizbulloh al-Hijoz ustidan o'z ta'sirini saqlab qoldi, ammo Saudiya hukumati RMSni o'z vakili sifatida qabul qilgandan keyin Saudiya shialarining asosiy oqimi undan uzoqlashdi. Biroq, siyosiy islohotlar va Saudiya shialarining Saudiya fuqarolari sifatida to'liq tan olinishi va ularning davlatga integratsiyalashuvi amalga oshmadi. Sharqiy provintsiyadagi keskinlik yillar davomida kuchayib bordi va 2011-yilgi arab bahori paytida avj oldi, ammo Saudiya Arabistoni tarkibidagi Qatif va Sharqiy viloyat bilan chegaralanib qoldi. Shia vakillari, yetakchilar va taniqli shaxslar, jumladan, Xatul-Imom hukumat tarafida bo'lib, aholidan mazhablar tinchligini saqlash uchun norozilik namoyishlarini to'xtatishni so'rashdi, natijada bu sodir bo'ldi. Namoyishlar hibsga olishlar, zo'ravonlik va demokratiya, islom birligi va siyosiy mahbuslarni ozod qilish talablari bilan kechdi. Shialarning sodiqligi shubha ostiga olindi va Saudiya davlati Eronni aybladi. 
==Xuziston mojarosi==
Eron inqilobi va undan keyingi siyosiy inqiroz davrida Axvaz shahridagi Xuzistonlik bo'lginchilar o'z maqsadlariga erishish imkoniyatini ko'rdilar, ammo yangi rejim bu urinishni bosdi.  Dastlab norozilik namoyishlari Eron arablariga nisbatan kamsitishni to'xtatishni talab qildi va boshqa uzoq davom etgan shikoyatlarni o'z ichiga oldi, ammo keskinlik kuchayib ketdi va natijada yuzlab arablar halok bo'ldi.  2005 yilning aprelida Ahvazda yana tartibsizliklar va namoyishchilar va xavfsizlik kuchlari o'rtasida to'qnashuvlar avj oldi. Shovqinga hukumatning Xuzistonning etnik tarkibini o‘zgartirish niyati borligi sabab bo‘lgan.  Xuzistondagi ASMLA (Axvazni ozod qilish uchun arab kurashi harakati) sunniy musulmon boʻlginchi, etno-millatchi terrorchi tashkilot boʻlib, Eron tarkibida arab davlatini barpo etishga intilib, ragʻbatlantirib, Eron davlatiga qarshi boshqa shunga oʻxshash tashkilotlar bilan qurolli kurash olib boradi. mintaqa. U 1999 yilda yashirin tarzda tashkil etilgan va uning mavjudligi 2005 yilda ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilingan. Uning qurolli qanoti bo‘lmish Mohiuddin Nosir brigadalari 2005-yil 12-iyun kuni Ahvazdagi norozilik namoyishlarining davomi sifatida bir qator hujumlar uyushtirdilar. Ahvazdagi bankka hujum. ASMLA boshqa davlatlar qatori Saudiya Arabistonining moliyaviy ko'magidan foydalanadi va Arab dunyosidan homiylar olish uchun uning mazhabviy xususiyatini ta'kidlab, Saudiya-Eron proksi mojarosi kontekstida o'zini tutadi. Saudiya Arabistonining uning homiyligidagi ishtiroki Daniya rasmiylari tomonidan tasdiqlangan. Uning yetakchilari 2006 yilda Eronni tark etib, Yevropa Ittifoqida qayta tashkil etilgan va Islom inqilobi qo‘riqchilari korpusi va Eronning neft infratuzilmasiga hujumlar bilan Eron davlatiga qarshi terrorchilik hujumlarini davom ettirgan.  Aytilishicha, ular 2013-yilda Ahvazda  portlashni amalga oshirgan, so‘nggi amaliyoti esa 2018-yilda harbiy paradga hujum qilgan 
== Eron-Iroq urushi ==
Eron-Iroq urushi 1980-yil 22-sentyabrda, Saddam Husayn davrida Iroq Eronga bostirib kirishi bilan boshlangan va 1988-yil 20-avgustda Eron BMT vositachiligida oʻt ochishni toʻxtatish kelishuvini qabul qilgandan soʻng tugadi. Iroq Eronni Fors ko'rfazidagi hukmron davlat sifatida almashtirmoqchi edi va 1979 yilgi Eron inqilobi Iroqdagi ko'pchilik shialarni Baas hukumatiga qarshi isyonga olib kelishidan xavotirda edi. Urush, shuningdek, chegara nizolarining uzoq tarixidan so'ng sodir bo'ldi va Iroq neftga boy Xuziston viloyatini va Arvand Rudning sharqiy qirg'og'ini ( Shatt al-Arab ) qo'shib olishni rejalashtirdi
Husayn Erondagi inqilobiy tartibsizliklardan foydalanishga va inqilobni boshlang'ich davrida bostirishga harakat qildi. Iroq barqarorligiga tahdid soladigan va uning shia aholisini rag'batlantirishi mumkin bo'lgan inqilobiy to'lqindan qo'rqib, Iroq sakkiz yil davom etgan va yuz minglab odamlarning hayotiga zomin bo'lgan Eron-Iroq urushini qo'zg'atdi. Xabar qilinishicha, Saddam 1980-yil avgustida Saudiya Arabistoniga qilgan tashrifi chogʻida Iroqdagi urush harakatlariga Saudiya Arabistoni tomonidan yordam bergan.  Bu Iroqning Saudiya Arabistoni, Misr, Quvayt, Iordaniya, Qatar va Birlashgan Arab Amirliklaridagi qo'shni yetakchilardan olgan moliyaviy va harbiy yordamiga qo'shimcha ravishda, qisman Eron hokimiyatini himoya qilish va inqilob tarqalishining oldini olish uchun edi.
Iroq Eronning inqilobdan keyingi tartibsizliklaridan foydalanishga umid qilgan bo'lsa-da, u cheklangan taraqqiyotga erishdi va tezda qaytarildi; Eron 1982 yil iyuniga qadar deyarli barcha yo'qotilgan hududlarni qaytarib oldi. Keyingi olti yil davomida Eron urush oxirigacha  hujumda bo'ldi. 
Urush paytida Amerikaning Iroqni qo'llab-quvvatlashi Eronga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining Saddamni himoya qilishi va Iroqning Eron askarlar va tinch aholiga nisbatan kimyoviy qurol qo'llagani haqidagi tergovga to'sqinlik qilishdagi roli Eronni o'zining noan'anaviy qurol dasturini davom ettirishga ishontirdi. Hukumat, shuningdek, tashqi va ichki siyosatini, jumladan, yadro dasturini va ichki muxolifatni bostirishni oqlash uchun Amerika dushmanligidan foydalangan. 
Eron-Iroq urushidan tashqari, Eron va Saudiya Arabistoni Livandagi fuqarolar urushi, Sovet-Afg'on urushi va boshqa to'qnashuvlarda qarama-qarshi qurolli guruhlarni qo'llab-quvvatlab, boshqa joylarda keskin raqobatga kirishdilar. Sovuq urushdan so'ng Eron va Saudiya Arabistoni [[Afgʻoniston|Afg'oniston]], Yaman va Iroq kabi mazhablarga asoslangan turli guruhlar va tashkilotlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashda davom etdi.   
Sakkiz yildan keyin urushdan charchash, iqtisodiy muammolar, ruhiy holatning pasayishi, Eronning takroriy harbiy muvaffaqiyatsizliklari, Iroqning so'nggi muvaffaqiyatlari, Iroqning ommaviy qirg'in qurolidan foydalanishi, xalqaro hamdardlik yo'qligi va AQSh-Eron harbiy tarangligi kuchaygan. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti.
Qo'llanilgan taktikalar, jumladan mustahkamlangan mudofaa chizig'i bo'ylab cho'zilgan tikanli simlar bilan keng miqyosli xandaq urushi, boshqariladigan pulemyot postlari, nayzali zarbalar, Eronning inson to'lqinlari hujumlari, kimyoviy qurollardan keng foydalanish bo'yicha mojaro [[Birinchi jahon urushi]] bilan taqqoslandi. Iroq va keyinchalik tinch aholi nishonlariga ataylab hujumlar. Urushning o'ziga xos xususiyatini inqilobdan oldingi yillarda rivojlangan Eron shahidiga sig'inishda ko'rish mumkin. Eron shia kontekstida shakllantirilgan shahidlik haqidagi nutqlar &quot;inson to'lqini hujumlari&quot; taktikasini keltirib chiqardi va shu bilan urush dinamikasiga doimiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi.

== 1987-yil Makka voqealari ==
1987-yilda Makkada shia ziyoratchilarning Haj vaqtida Saudiya xavfsizlik kuchlari bilan to‘qnash kelganiga javoban Humayniy shunday dedi: “Bu qabih va xudosiz vahhobiylar musulmonlarning qalbini doimo orqadan teshgan xanjarga o‘xshaydi. . . Makka bir guruh bid’atchilar qo‘lidadir”  . Eron ham Saudiya hukumatini ag'darishga chaqirdi.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
&lt;ref&gt;*Popular Mobilization Forces&lt;/ref&gt;
]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/02/bahraini-militant-group-adopts-irgc-branding.php |quote=At the same time, Saraya al Ashtar reaffirmed its loyalty to the Islamic Republic of Iran. &quot;We believe that the commander and ruler of the Islamic religion is the line of the two imams, Khomeini and Khamenei, which is in the original Muhammad approach in confronting the oppressors and fighting back against the tyrants,&quot; the group's statement reads. |title=Bahraini militant group adopts IRGC branding |first=Caleb |last=Wess |date=February 23, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagdeco|Bahrain}} [[Al-Mukhtar Brigades]]&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/irans-islamist-proxies|title=Iran's Islamist Proxies in the Middle East|publisher=Wilson Center|access-date=14 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png}} [[Hezbollah]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/3/hezbollahs-nasrallah-accuses-saudi-arabia-of-terrorism Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah accuses Saudi Arabia of 'terrorism'] &quot;Hassan Nasrallah accuses Saudi Arabia of spreading ISIL ideology across the region amid rising political tensions&quot;. [[Al Jazeera]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|last1=Sapir|first1=Teddy|url=https://israel-alma.org/2022/02/06/hezbollah-and-saudi-arabia-a-routine-of-clashes/|title=Hezbollah and Saudi Arabia – a routine of clashes|quote=During the Syrian civil war, the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Hezbollah escalated due to the Saudi-Iranian rivalry.|publisher=Alma, Research and Education Centre|date=6 February 2022|qaralgan sana=2023-07-04|arxivsana=2024-02-27|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227163926/https://israel-alma.org/2022/02/06/hezbollah-and-saudi-arabia-a-routine-of-clashes/}}&lt;/ref&gt;* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]] (sometimes)&lt;ref name=&quot;adnanabuamer&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://adnanabuamer.com/post/2206/exclusive-hamas-official-discusses-decline-of-iranian-support|title=Exclusive: Hamas Official Discusses Decline of Iranian Support|website=موقع الدكتور عدنان ابو عامر|access-date=2023-07-04|archive-date=2023-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126204440/https://adnanabuamer.com/post/2206/exclusive-hamas-official-discusses-decline-of-iranian-support|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/9/23/what-is-behind-the-saudi-campaign-against-hamas What is behind the Saudi campaign against Hamas?] &quot;By launching arrests of its supporters and cutting off financial flows to Gaza, Riyadh aims to corner Hamas.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|InfoboxIRMA.png}} [[Husseiniyoun]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20211009-the-huseynyun-irans-new-irgc-backed-movement-in-azerbaijan/|title=The Huseynyun: Iran's new IRGC-backed movement in Azerbaijan|date=October 9, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source needed|date=October 2022}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Muslim Brotherhood.png}} [[Muslim Brotherhood]] (sometimes)&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Fouad|first1=Ahmed|url=https://thearabweekly.com/irans-relationship-egypts-muslim-brotherhood-comes-under-renewed-scrutiny|title=Iran's relationship with Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood comes under renewed scrutiny|quote=The Muslim Brotherhood may not be the only extremist Sunni group in Egypt supported by IRGC.|work=The Arab Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://strafasia.com/iran-and-muslim-brotherhood-a-bizarre-alliance-of-two-rival-ideologies/ Iran and Muslim Brotherhood: A Bizarre Alliance of Two Rival Ideologies] ''STRAFASIA'' Retrieved 13 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Liwa Zainebiyoun infobox flag.png}} [[Liwa Zainebiyoun]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |date=22 July 2019|title=Kashmir – The New Battlefield For Saudi-Iran Proxy War – Israel Media Reports|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/kashmir-the-new-battlefield-for-saudi-iran-proxy-war-israel-media-reports/|access-date=29 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagdeco|Nigeria}} [[Islamic Movement (Nigeria)|IMN]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bahi 2018 33&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last=Tangaza|first=Haruna Shehu|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49175639|title=Islamic Movement in Nigeria: The Iranian-inspired Shia group|date=5 August 2019|publisher=[[BBC News]]|quote=Nigeria's government has taken the controversial decision to ban a pro-Iranian Shia group, accusing it of unleashing violence and being an &quot;enemy of the state&quot;. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagdeco|SADR}} [[Polisario Front]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.trtworld.com/mea/has-the-saudi-iran-rivalry-reached-the-western-sahara-region--18140 Has the Saudi-Iran rivalry reached the Western Sahara region?] ''TRTWorld'' Retrieved 13 July 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{endplainlist}}
{{collapsible list
| title = Support:
| {{flag|Syria}}&lt;ref name=&quot;FPRI 2012-10&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|title=The Syrian Crisis and the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry|url=https://www.fpri.org/articles/2012/10/syrian-crisis-and-saudi-iranian-rivalry|publisher=Foreign Policy Research Institute|access-date=11 August 2013|author=Benedetta Berti|author2=Yoel Guzansky|date=October 2012|archive-date=20 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520172010/http://www.fpri.org/articles/2012/10/syrian-crisis-and-saudi-iranian-rivalry|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;emerald.com&quot;&gt;{{Jurnal manbasi|title=Iranian Saudi rivalry over the regional role … Syria as a model|first=Aboubakr Fathy|last=Awaad|date=1 January 2020|journal=Review of Economics and Political Science|volume=ahead-of-print|issue=ahead-of-print|doi=10.1108/REPS-07-2019-0094|s2cid=219777144 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Qatar}} (2017-2021, sometimes)&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gulf-qatar/arab-powers-sever-qatar-ties-citing-support-for-militants-idUSKBN18W0DQ|title=Arab powers sever Qatar ties, citing support for militants|publisher=Reuters|quote=The Arab world's biggest powers cut ties with Qatar on Monday, accusing it of support for Islamist militants and Iran, and reopening a festering wound two weeks after U.S. President Donald Trump's demand for Muslim states to fight terrorism.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/national/104599/qatari-emir-calls-for-promotion-of-ties|title=Qatari Emir Calls for Promotion of Ties|work=Financial Tribune|access-date=4 October 2021|archive-date=2024-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227215915/https://financialtribune.com/articles/national/104599/qatari-emir-calls-for-promotion-of-ties|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Lebanon}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-politics-saudi/saudi-arabia-says-lebanon-has-declared-war-on-it-idUSKBN1D62NQ|title=Saudi Arabia says Lebanon has declared war on it|date=6 November 2017|publisher=Reuters|access-date=10 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-is-dragged-back-into-eye-iranian-saudi-storm-2021-11-01/|title=Analysis: Lebanon is dragged back into eye of Iranian-Saudi storm|first1=Tom|last1=Perry|first2=Ghaida|last2=Ghantous|publisher=Reuters |date=2 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| {{flag|Iraq}} (from 2006)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lawfareblog.com/how-saudi-arabia-pushed-iraq-arms-iran How Saudi Arabia pushed Iraq into the arms of Iran] ''Lawfare''&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flagicon|Libya|1977}} [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libya]] (until 2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Yobserver 2011-09-04&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=http://www.yobserver.com/front-page/10021347.html|title=Mana'a and al-Ahmar received money from Gaddafi to shake security of KSA, Yemen|date=4 September 2011|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210080152/http://www.yobserver.com/front-page/10021347.html|archive-date=10 February 2013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.frbiu.com/articles/former-revolutionary-guards-minister-gaddafi-supplied-iran-with-missiles-asked-to-target-saudi-arabia|title=Former Revolutionary Guards minister: Gaddafi supplied Iran with missiles, asked to target Saudi Arabia|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Sudan}} (until 2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=http://english.aawsat.com/2014/10/article55337441/omar-al-bashir-we-cannot-allow-shiite-presence-in-sudan |title=Omar Al-Bashir: We cannot allow Shi'ite presence in Sudan |first=Fatah Al-Rahman |last=Youssef |date=12 October 2014 |newspaper=[[Asharq al-Awsat]] |access-date=18 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401095542/http://english.aawsat.com/2014/10/article55337441/omar-al-bashir-we-cannot-allow-shiite-presence-in-sudan |archive-date=1 April 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Venezuela}} ([[Venezuelan presidential crisis|Maduro government]])&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83791042/Zarif-sends-warning-letter-to-UN-chief-about-US-threats-to-Iran |title=Zarif sends warning letter to UN chief about US threats to Iran oil tankers |date= 17 May 2020 |publisher=[[Islamic Republic News Agency|Irna]] |access-date=24 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://iranintl.com/en/world/iran-supports-maduro-president-venezuela|title=Iran Supports Maduro as the President of Venezuela|publisher=Iran International|date=24 January 2019|access-date=1 January 2021|arxivsana=2022-02-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225135334/https://old.iranintl.com/en/world/iran-supports-maduro-president-venezuela}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-venezuela-idUSDAH23660020070702 |publisher=Reuters |title=Iran, Venezuela in &quot;axis of unity&quot; against U.S |date=2 July 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Gokay|first1=Bulent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/venezuela-saudi-arabia-oil-prices-iran-price-war-inflation-destabilisation-a7883846.html|title=In Saudi Arabia's quest to debilitate the Iranian economy, they destroyed Venezuela|website=[[The Independent]]|quote=Venezuela is the most disastrously oil-dependent state in the world. Oil accounts for 96 per cent of exports and more than 40 per cent of government revenues|date=9 August 2017|access-date=4 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|North Korea}}&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/09/the-september-14-drone-attack-on-saudi-oil-fields-north-koreas-potential-role/|title=The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role &amp;#124; NK News|date=September 30, 2019|website=NK News – North Korea News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Oman}} (alleged, denied by Oman)&lt;ref name=&quot;Oman's dangerous double game&quot;&gt;[https://www.trackpersia.com/omans-dangerous-double-game/ Oman's dangerous double game] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801165523/https://www.trackpersia.com/omans-dangerous-double-game/ |date=2021-08-01 }} &quot;The sultanate, a U.S. ally, seems to be helping Tehran wage a proxy war against Saudi Arabia in Yemen.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;watanserb.com&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.watanserb.com/2018/08/16/قيادي-حوثي-منشق-أرتمى-في-أحضان-السعودي/|title=قيادي حوثي منشق أرتمى في أحضان السعودية يهاجم سلطنة عمان: مسقط العربية تحولت إلى مشهد الإيرانية!|date=16 August 2018|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| combatant1e       = 
| combatant2        = {{plainlist}}
'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}'''
* ''Proxies'':
* {{flagdeco|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army|FSA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;emerald.com&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon image|İran Kürdistanı Demokrat Partisi bayrağı.jpg}} [[Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan|KDPI]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last=Iddon|first=Paul|url=http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/28072016|title=Erbil is not another front in the Saudi-Iran regional proxy war|date=28 July 2016|publisher=[[Rudaw Media Network|Rudaw]]|access-date=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|first=Babak|last=Dehghanpisheh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-politics-kurds-idUSKCN11A0BD|title=To Iranian eyes, Kurdish unrest spells Saudi incitement|date=4 September 2016|publisher=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jaish_al-Adl.svg|}} [[Jaish ul-Adl]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph 2014-03-28&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10729946/Iran-calls-for-return-of-abducted-border-guards-held-in-Pakistan.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10729946/Iran-calls-for-return-of-abducted-border-guards-held-in-Pakistan.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Iran calls for return of abducted border guards held in Pakistan|last=Merat|first=Arron|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=28 March 2014|access-date=20 October 2014}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Partiya_Jiyana_Azad_a_Kurdistanê.svg}} [[PJAK]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SaudiKurd&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-guards-commander-says-us-saudis-supplying-arms-to-militant-groups-/30443388.html|title=Iran Guards' Commander Says US, Saudis Supplying Arms To Militant Groups|publisher=Radio Farda|access-date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Komala.png}} [[Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan|Komala]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SaudiKurd&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagdeco|Khuzestan}} [[Ahvaz National Resistance]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/83040635|title=Lebanese Hezbollah: Ahvaz crime reaction to Resistance victories|publisher=Islamic Republic News Agency|date=23 September 2018|access-date=4 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagdeco|Khuzestan}} [[ASLMA]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|first1=Sune Engel|last1=Rasmussen|title=Dissidents Call for United Front Against Iran After Assassination Attempts|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/dissidents-call-for-united-front-against-iran-after-assassination-attempts-1543158564|date=25 November 2018|access-date=17 July 2020|work=The Wall Street Journal|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kurdistan Freedom Party (Iran).svg}} [[Kurdistan Freedom Party|PAK]]&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/iranian-kurds-return-arms|title=Iranian Kurds Return to Arms|publisher=Stratfor|date=29 July 2016|access-date=29 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730222933/https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/iranian-kurds-return-arms|archive-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|type=Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} [[Naqshbandi Army|JRTN]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/saudis-reportedly-funding-insurgents/|title=Saudis reportedly funding insurgents |date=September 8, 2006|work=The Seattle Times|quote=Private Saudi citizens are giving millions of dollars to Sunni insurgents in Iraq and much of the money is used to buy weapons}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters 2016-04-10&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|publisher=Reuters|title=Former Saddam aide seeks to reshape Iraq's Sunni insurgency|access-date=2 August 2018|date=10 April 2016|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri/former-saddam-aide-seeks-to-reshape-iraqs-sunni-insurgency-idUSKCN0X70L6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rudaw&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|publisher=[[Rudaw]]|title=Saddam's 'king of clubs' reappears on Baath anniversary|date=8 April 2018|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/080420181}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon image|Forces Libanaises Flag.svg}} [[Lebanese Forces|LF]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/anti-hezbollah-lebanese-forces-party-says-it-has-won-least-20-seats-2022-05-16/|title=Lebanon vote deals blow to Hezbollah, preliminary results show|publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/what-is-lebanese-forces-2022-05-16/|title=Factbox: What is the Lebanese Forces?|date=16 May 2022|publisher=Reuters|access-date=12 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{collapsible list
| title = Support:
| {{flag|United States}}&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-of-how-trump-administration-got-into-a-showdown-with-iran-2019-5#the-trump-administration-has-taken-a-hardline-stance-against-iran-from-the-beginning-and-defied-us-allies-by-withdrawing-from-the-iran-nuclear-deal-in-keeping-with-this-stance-trump-recently-designated-irans-revolutionary-guard-corps-a-foreign-terror-group-22|title=How the Trump administration got into a showdown with Iran that could lead to war|date=25 May 2019|work=Business Insider}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/16/world/middleeast/iran-tensions-explainer.html|title=The Tension Between America and Iran, Explained|date=16 May 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Israel}}&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/israel-meets-with-uae-declares-its-joining-persian-gulf-coalition/|title=Israel Meets With UAE, Declares It's Joining Persian Gulf Coalition|first=Theresa|last=Hitchens|date=16 August 2019|access-date=7 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821224918/https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/israel-meets-with-uae-declares-its-joining-persian-gulf-coalition/|archive-date=21 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tibon&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-warsaw-summit-will-test-u-s-gamble-on-israeli-arab-pact-against-iran-1.6932889|title=Warsaw Summit Will Test U.S. Gamble on Israeli-Arab Pact Against Iran|first=Amir|last=Tibon|work=Haaretz|date=13 February 2019|access-date=4 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |title=The enemy of my enemy is my friend — an alliance that may save the Middle East |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/458506-the-enemy-of-my-enemy-is-my-friend-an-alliance-that-may-save-the-middle |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=23 August 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903155348/https://thehill.com/opinion/international/458506-the-enemy-of-my-enemy-is-my-friend-an-alliance-that-may-save-the-middle |archive-date=3 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/royal-navy-destroyer-returns-from-defending-british-shipping-in-hormuz-strait-11364398417702|title=Royal Navy destroyer returns from defending British shipping in Hormuz Strait|publisher=BT Group|date=28 September 2019|access-date=28 September 2019|archive-date=28 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928191342/https://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/royal-navy-destroyer-returns-from-defending-british-shipping-in-hormuz-strait-11364398417702|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}} ([[Gulf War|until 1990]])&lt;ref name=&quot;vatanka12&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=http://www.majalla.com/eng/2012/03/article55230108 |last=Vatanka |first=Alex |date=22 March 2012 |access-date=7 November 2012 |title=The Odd Couple |newspaper=[[The Majalla]] |publisher=[[Saudi Research and Publishing Company]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025539/http://www.majalla.com/eng/2012/03/article55230108 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Egypt}} (2013–present)&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt-KSA-UAE&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|last1=Dunne|first1=Charles W.|url=https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/saudi-emirati-egyptian-alliance-steering-us-middle-east-policy/|title=Saudi-Emirati-Egyptian Alliance Steering US Middle East Policy|date=26 June 2019|access-date=4 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt-KSA-UAE&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Saudi-Kuwait-Uae&quot; /&gt;
| {{flag|Jordan}}&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=1034206687|title=Jordan and Saudi Arabia draw closer|website=Country.eiu.com|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206153443/http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=1034206687|archive-date=6 December 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Bahrain}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Saudi-Kuwait-Uae&quot;&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-kuwait-uae-reiterate-support-bahrains-fiscal-programme-2021-10-20/|title=Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE reiterate support for Bahrain's fiscal programme|publisher=Reuters |date=20 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/bahrain-jails-169-for-founding-iran-linked-terror-group-/29884855.html|title=Bahrain Jails 169 For Founding 'Iran-Linked Terror Group'|publisher=RFE/RL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Morocco}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://mipa.institute/6813|title=Why did Morocco cut its diplomatic ties with Iran? -|date=30 May 2019|qaralgan sana=2023-07-04|arxivsana=2024-02-28|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228103245/https://mipa.institute/6813}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/diplomatic-relations-between-morocco-and-iran-sour-over-western-sahara-dispute/|title=Diplomatic relations between Morocco and Iran sour over Western Sahara dispute|date=16 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Yemen}}&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |date=2 October 2015 |title=Yemen cuts diplomatic relations with Iran: spokesman |publisher=Xinhua |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-10/02/c_134680532.htm |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004033532/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-10/02/c_134680532.htm |archive-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Sudan}} (2016–2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bahrain-cuts-ties-with-tehran-as-crisis-widens-in-saudi-iran-split/2016/01/04/145c8824-b271-11e5-8abc-d09392edc612_story.html |title=Mideast tensions soar as Saudi Arabia rallies countries to cut ties with Iran |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=4 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104213428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bahrain-cuts-ties-with-tehran-as-crisis-widens-in-saudi-iran-split/2016/01/04/145c8824-b271-11e5-8abc-d09392edc612_story.html |archive-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Kuwait}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Saudi-Kuwait-Uae&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://jinsa.org/now-is-the-time-for-kuwait-to-join-the-growing-anti-iran-coalition/ Now is the time for Kuwait to join the growing Anti-Iran Coalition] ''JINSA''&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flag|Qatar}} (until 2017)&lt;ref name=&quot;vatanka12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-iran-qatar/qatar-recalls-envoy-to-iran-after-attacks-on-saudi-missions-state-news-idUSKBN0UK23Z20160106|title=Qatar recalls envoy to Iran after attacks on Saudi missions: State News|publisher=Reuters|date=6 January 2016|access-date=2016-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
{{endplainlist}}
| combatant2e       = 
| commander1        = {{flagdeco|Iran}} '''[[Ali Khamenei]]'''&lt;br /&gt;([[Supreme Leader of Iran]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Ebrahim Raisi]]&lt;br /&gt;([[President of Iran]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Esmail Ghaani]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Quds Force]] commander) &lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Syria}} '''[[Bashar al-Assad]]'''&lt;br /&gt;([[President of Syria]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon image|Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png}} [[Hassan Nasrallah]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Secretary-General of Hezbollah]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon image|}} [[Hadi Al-Amiri]]&lt;br /&gt;(Leader of the [[Badr Organization]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi]]&lt;br /&gt;(Leader of [[Houthis|Ansar Allah]])
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon image|}} [[Qais al-Khazali]]&lt;br /&gt;(Secretary-General of [[Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq]])&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |last1=Bowen |first1=Jeremy |title=The fearsome Iraqi militia vowing to vanquish Isis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28199741 |access-date=3 August 2018 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=7 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon image|Single Color Flag - ffd700.png}} Akram al-Kaabi&lt;br /&gt;(Secretary-General of [[Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba]])&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.alkawthartv.com/news/102095|title=قائد النجباء يكشف مخططات السبهان للعراق|website=alkawthartv.com &amp;#124; قناة الکوثر|access-date=5 July 2018|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705233108/http://www.alkawthartv.com/news/102095|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Nouri al-Maliki]] (Secretary-General of [[Islamic Dawa Party]], Former Iraqi Prime Minister)&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://english.alahednews.com.lb/25957/547|title=Al-Maliki Accuses Saudi Arabia of Supporting Terrorism|website=AlahedNews|date=22 April 2014|access-date=4 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Mohammad Ali Jafari]] (2007–19)&lt;br /&gt;(Commander of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]])&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-denies-top-general-called-saudi-not-israel-its-enemy/|title=Iran denies top general called Saudi, not Israel, its enemy|last=Pileggi|first=Tamar|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=15 March 2016|access-date=15 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-guards-head-calls-saudi-arabia-terrorist-state/|title=Iran Guards head calls Saudi Arabia 'terrorist state'|work=The Times of Israel|date=4 July 2017|access-date=15 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/129227/S-Arabia-Zionist-regime-behind-resignation-of-Lebanese-PM|title=Saudi Arabia, Zionist regime behind resignation of Lebanese PM|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=5 November 2017|access-date=15 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{flagdeco|BHR}} Qassim al-Muamen (Leader of [[Al-Ashtar Brigades]])&lt;ref&gt;{{press-reliz manbasi|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2018/08/285117.htm|title=State Department Terrorist Designation of Qassim Abdullah Ali Ahmed, AKA Qassim al-Muamen|publisher=United States Department of State|date=13 August 2018|access-date=4 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{flagicon image|Single Color Flag - FFFF00.svg}} Abu Ala al-Walai (Secretary-General of [[Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi|url=http://ansaar-alwalaey.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011051604/http://ansaar-alwalaey.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-10-11|title=الولائي يدين الاعتداءات الجبانة من ال سعود على اطفال اليمن ويعلن تطوعه مرة اخرى لنصرة اهل اليمن – الحاج ابو الاء الولائي|date=11 October 2018|access-date=24 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Collapsible list
| bullets = on
| title = Former leaders
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]&lt;br /&gt;(1979–89)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Abolhassan Banisadr]]&lt;br /&gt;(1980–81)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]]{{KIA|Targeted killing}}&lt;br /&gt;(1981)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]&lt;br /&gt;(1989–97)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Mohammad Khatami]]&lt;br /&gt;(1997–05)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]&lt;br /&gt;(2005–13)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Hassan Rouhani]]&lt;br /&gt;(2013–21)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Ahmad Vahidi]]&lt;br /&gt;(1988–98)
| {{flagdeco|Iran}} [[Qasem Soleimani]]{{KIA|Targeted killing}}&lt;br /&gt;(1998–2020)
| {{flagdeco|Iraq}} [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]]{{KIA|Targeted killing}}&lt;br /&gt;(2014–20)&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.alkawthartv.com/news/86262|title=بالفيديو .. تصريح ناري لأبو مهدي المهندس حول السعودية والإمارات!|website=alkawthartv.com &amp;#124; قناة الکوثر|access-date=5 July 2018|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905021851/http://www.alkawthartv.com/news/86262|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{flagdeco|Syria}} [[Hafez al-Assad]]  [[Death by natural causes|#]]&lt;br /&gt;(1979–2000) 
| {{flagdeco|Yemen}} [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]]{{KIA}}
| {{flagdeco|Yemen}} [[Saleh Ali al-Sammad]]{{KIA}}&lt;br /&gt;(2016–18)
| {{flagicon image|}} [[Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim]]
| {{flagicon image|}} [[Abdul Aziz al-Hakim]]
}}
| commander2        = {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} '''[[King Salman]]'''&lt;br /&gt;([[King of Saudi Arabia]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud|Mohammad bin Salman]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia]] and [[Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia|Prime Minister]])&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud|Abdulaziz bin Saud]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)|Minister of Interior]])&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2017/06/21/PROFILE-The-new-Saudi-Interior-Minister.html|title=PROFILE: New Saudi Interior Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Nayef|work=Al Arabiya English|date=21 June 2017|access-date=15 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} Thamer al-Sabhan&lt;br /&gt;(Minister of Gulf Affairs)&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Riyadhs-anti-Hezbollah-minister-513660|title=Riyadh's 'anti-Hezbollah minister'|last=Frantzman|first=Seth J.|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=8 November 2017|access-date=24 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} Obeid Fadel Al-Shammari&lt;br /&gt;(Commander of Saudi Arabia Force in Yemen)&lt;ref name=&quot;Obeid&quot;&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=http://weam.co/374115|script-title=ar:تعيين المقدم عبيد فاضل الشمري بدلًا من السهيان|language=ar|date=15 December 2015|access-date=24 May 2018|publisher=Alweeam.com.sa}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Fahd bin Turki bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]&lt;br /&gt;(Commander of the Joint Forces)&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last=Tawfeeq|first=Mohammed|title=Saudi Arabia replaces military commanders in late-night reshuffle|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/27/middleeast/saudi-military-posts-intl/index.html|access-date=24 May 2018|publisher=CNN|date=27 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon image|GCC Flag.svg}} Hassan bin Hamza al-Shehri&lt;br /&gt;([[Peninsula Shield Force|Commander of the PSF]])&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|title=BDF Commander-in-Chief meets new Joint Peninsula Shield Forces Commander|url=http://bna.bh/portal/en/news/618909|access-date=22 March 2018|publisher=[[Bahrain News Agency]]|date=21 May 2014|archive-date=2018-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135639/http://bna.bh/portal/en/news/618909|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{flagdeco|Yemen}} [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]]&lt;br /&gt;([[President of Yemen]])&lt;br /&gt;{{Collapsible list
 | bullets = on
 | title = Former leaders
 | 1 = {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Khalid of Saudi Arabia|King Khalid]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]&lt;br /&gt; (1979–82)
 | 2 = {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]&lt;br /&gt; (1982–2005)
 | 3 = {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|King Abdullah]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]&lt;br /&gt; (2005–15)
 | 4 = {{flagdeco|Saudi Arabia}} [[Muhammad bin Nayef]] (2011–17)&lt;br /&gt;(Former [[Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)|Interior Minister]])&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/saudi-arabias-domestic-and-foreign-intelligence-challenges|title=Saudi Arabia's Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Challenges|first=Simon|last=Henderson|date=21 February 2014|publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy|access-date=24 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last=Lippman|first=Thomas W.|title=Saudi Intel Chief Prince Bandar Is Out, But Is He Really Out?|url=http://www.mei.edu/content/saudi-intel-chief-prince-bandar-out-he-really-out|publisher=Middle East Institute|access-date=14 July 2014|date=16 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | 5 = {{flagicon image|GCC Flag.svg}} Mutlaq bin Salem Al Azima (2011–14)&lt;br /&gt;([[Peninsula Shield Force|Former Commander of the PSF]])&lt;ref name=&quot;awsat_commander_alAzima&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last=Al Saeri|first=Muqbil|title=A talk with Peninsula Shield force commander Mutlaq bin Salem Al Azima|date=March 2011|newspaper=[[Asharq Al-Awsat]]|url=http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=3&amp;id=24676|access-date=29 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729040431/http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=3&amp;id=24676|archive-date=29 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PenForce_NYT14March&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |first1=Ethan |last1=Bronner |first2=Michael|last2= Slackman |title=Saudi Troops Enter Bahrain to Help Put Down Unrest |date=14 March 2011 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/world/middleeast/15bahrain.html|access-date=12 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| campaignbox       = 
}}
{{Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War}}
[[Iran]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] are engaged in an ongoing struggle for influence in the [[Middle East]] and other regions of the [[Muslim world]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wp&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2016/01/06/the-iran-saudi-arabia-proxy-war/|title=The Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy war|last=Rubin|first=Jennifer|author-link=Jennifer Rubin (journalist)|date=6 January 2016|access-date=19 June 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; The two countries have provided varying degrees of [[proxy war|support to opposing sides in nearby conflicts]], including the civil wars in [[Syrian Civil War|Syria]]&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Gerges|first1=Fawaz|author-link1=Fawaz Gerges|title=Saudi Arabia and Iran must end their proxy war in Syria|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/15/saudia-arabia-iran-proxy-war-syria|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 December 2013|access-date=7 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Rogin|first1=Josh|title=Iran and Saudi Arabia Clash Inside Syria Talks|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-11-04/iran-and-saudi-arabia-clash-inside-syria-talks|publisher=[[Bloomberg View]]|date=4 November 2015|access-date=7 March 2018|quote=...Iran and Saudi Arabia to discuss anything civilly, much less come to an agreement on Syria, where both sides have proxy forces in the fight.|archive-date=2016-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504060308/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-11-04/iran-and-saudi-arabia-clash-inside-syria-talks|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)|Yemen]];&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Tisdall|first1=Simon|title=Iran-Saudi proxy war in Yemen explodes into region-wide crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/26/iran-saudi-proxy-war-yemen-crisis|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 March 2015|access-date=26 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; and disputes in [[Bahrain]],&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|last1=Mabon|first1=Simon|title=The Battle for Bahrain: Iranian-Saudi Rivalry|url=http://www.mepc.org/battle-bahrain-iranian-saudi-rivalry|website=Middle East Policy Council|access-date=16 June 2017|arxivsana=2019-08-22|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822020418/https://www.mepc.org/battle-bahrain-iranian-saudi-rivalry}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lebanon]],&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last=Ghattas|first=Kim|author-link=Kim Ghattas|title=Iran-Saudi tensions simmer in Lebanon|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36335163|access-date=21 September 2016|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=20 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Qatar]],&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Kenyon|first1=Peter|title=Qatar's Crisis With Saudi Arabia And Gulf Neighbors Has Decades-Long Roots|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/06/17/533054129/qatars-crisis-with-saudi-arabia-and-gulf-neighbors-has-decades-long-roots|access-date=28 June 2017|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=17 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Iraq]].&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Rubin|first1=Alissa J.|title=Iraq Before the War: A Fractured, Pent-Up Society|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/britain-inquiry-iraq-war/iraq-society/|access-date=13 July 2016|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; It also extends to disputes or broader competition in other countries globally including in [[West Africa|West]],&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Thurston|first1=Alex|title=How far does Saudi Arabia's influence go? Look at Nigeria.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/31/how-far-does-saudi-arabias-influence-go-look-at-nigeria/|access-date=15 November 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=31 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC 7 January 2016&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Oladipo|first1=Tomi|title=Saudi Arabia and Iran fight for Africa's loyalty|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35252039|access-date=15 November 2017|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=7 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[North Africa|North]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters 01 May 2018&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|title=Morocco severs ties with Iran over support for West Sahara Polisario front: official|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-morocco-iran/morocco-severs-ties-with-iran-over-support-for-west-sahara-polisario-front-official-idUSKBN1I23VF|access-date=1 May 2018|publisher=Reuters|date=1 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[East Africa]],&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC 7 January 2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=El Harmouzi|first1=Nouh|title=Repercussions of the Saudi-Iranian Conflict on North Africa|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/repercussions-of-the-saudi-iranian-conflict-on-north-africa|access-date=26 October 2017|publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[South Asia|South]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Jurnal manbasi|title=Pakistan caught between Iran and Saudi Arabia|first1=Zahid Shahab|last1=Ahmed|first2=Shahram|last2=Akbarzadeh|date=16 June 2020|journal=Contemporary South Asia|volume=28|issue=3|pages=336–350|doi=10.1080/09584935.2020.1779181|s2cid=221822752}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Shankar|first1=Abha|title=The Saudi-Iran Rivalry and Sectarian Strife in South Asia|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/10/the-saudi-iran-rivalry-and-sectarian-strife-in-south-asia/|access-date=30 June 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=6 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/why-is-pakistan-interested-in-brokering-peace-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia/|title=Why Is Pakistan Interested in Brokering Peace Between Iran and Saudi Arabia?|date=22 January 2016|access-date=20 June 2017|first=Ankit|last=Panda|work=[[The Diplomat]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{jurnal manbasi |first=Zulqarnain |last=Sewag |date=30 April 2015 |title=Sectarian Rise in Pakistan: Role of Saudi Arabia and Iran |journal=South Asia Journal of Multidiciplinary Studies |volume=1 |issue=3 |via=gjms.co.in |url=http://www.gjms.co.in/index.php/SAJMS/article/view/801 |access-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215181613/http://www.gjms.co.in/index.php/SAJMS/article/view/801 |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/iran-and-saudi-arabia-in-afghanistan/|title=Iran and Saudi Arabia in Afghanistan|first=Rustam Ali|last=Seerat|work=The Diplomat|date=14 January 2016|access-date=22 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;afghanistan&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Mir|first1=Haroun|title=Afghanistan stuck between Iran and Saudi Arabia|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/04/afghanistan-yemen-iran-saudi-conflict-150406082938492.html|access-date=21 September 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=6 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Central Asia|Central]],&lt;ref name=&quot;afghanistan&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Peyrouse|first1=Sebastien|title=Iran's Growing Role in Central Asia? Geopolitical, Economic and Political Profit and Loss Account|url=http://studies.aljazeera.net/en/dossiers/2014/04/2014416940377354.html|access-date=30 June 2017|publisher=Al Jazeera Center for Studies|date=6 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Southeast Asia]], the [[Balkans]],&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/01/24/balkans-risks-being-caught-in-crossfire-over-middle-east/|title=Balkans Risks Being Caught in Crossfire Over Middle East|work=Balkan Insight|date=January 24, 2020|access-date=August 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Caucasus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Dorsey|first1=James|title=Expanding Regional Rivalries: Saudi Arabia and Iran battle it out in Azerbaijan|url=https://intpolicydigest.org/2018/02/19/expanding-regional-rivalries-saudi-arabia-and-iran-battle-it-out-in-azerbaijan/|access-date=21 February 2018|work=International Policy Digest|date=19 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In what has been described as a [[Cold war (term)|cold war]], the conflict is waged on multiple levels over geopolitical, economic, and sectarian influence in pursuit of [[regional hegemony]].&lt;ref&gt;See:
* {{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Koelbl|first1=Susanne|last2=Shafy|first2=Samiha|last3=Zand|first3=Bernhard|title=Saudia Arabia Iran and the New Middle Eastern Cold War|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/saudia-arabia-iran-and-the-new-middle-eastern-cold-war-a-1090725.html|access-date=17 June 2017|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=9 May 2016}}
* {{veb manbasi|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/07/fear-and-loathing-in-saudi-arabia/|title=Fear and Loathing in Saudi Arabia|last=Pollack|first=Kenneth M.|date=8 January 2016|access-date=20 June 2017|work=Foreign Policy}}
* {{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Ellis|first1=Sam|title=The Middle East's cold war, explained|url=https://www.vox.com/videos/2017/7/17/15983638/iran-middle-east-saudi-war-explained|access-date=11 August 2017|publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|date=17 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;belfer&quot; /&gt; The rivalry has drawn comparisons to the dynamics of the [[Cold War]] era.&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Klare|first1=Michael|title=Welcome to Cold War II|url=http://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2013/06/01/welcome_to_cold_war_ii_105205-3.html|access-date=6 October 2016|work=Tom Dispatch|publisher=RealClearWorld|date=1 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{As of|2017}}, the rivalry is primarily a political and economic struggle exacerbated by religious differences, and sectarianism in the region is exploited by both countries for geopolitical purposes as part of a larger conflict.&lt;ref name=&quot;belfer&quot;&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi|last1=Fathollah-Nejad|first1=Ali|title=The Iranian–Saudi Hegemonic Rivalry|url=https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/iranian-saudi-hegemonic-rivalry|access-date=19 September 2019|publisher=[[Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|Belfer Center]]|date=25 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |last1=Erickson |first1=Amanda |title=What's behind the feud between Saudi Arabia and Iran? Power. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/20/whats-behind-the-feud-between-saudi-arabia-and-iran-power/ |access-date=18 September 2019 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=20 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |title=The 'Cold War' between Iran and Saudi Arabia is heating up. Here are 5 things you should know about it. |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-11-12/cold-war-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia-heating-here-are-5-things-you-should-know |access-date=18 September 2019 |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=12 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran sees itself as the leading [[Shia Muslim]] power, while Saudi Arabia sees itself as the leading [[Sunni Muslim]] power (see [[Shia–Sunni relations]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42008809|title=Why Saudi Arabia and Iran are bitter rivals|last=Marcus|first=Jonathan|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=16 September 2019|access-date=31 October 2019|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As of 10 March 2023, diplomatic relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been restored due to Chinese-Iraqi brokered talks,&lt;ref&gt;{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |title=Iran, Saudi Arabia hold fifth round of talks in Baghdad |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/23/iran-and-saudi-arabia-hold-stalled-5th-round-of-talks-in-baghdad |access-date=2023-03-12 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; which could have major positive implications in the political climate of the Middle East.&lt;ref&gt;{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last1=Hafezi |first1=Parisa |last2=Abdallah |first2=Nayera |last3=Yaakoubi |first3=Aziz El |date=2023-03-10 |title=Iran and Saudi Arabia agree to resume ties in talks brokered by China |language=en |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-saudi-arabia-agree-resume-ties-re-open-embassies-iranian-state-media-2023-03-10/ |access-date=2023-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Bayroqikon/Hizbulloh</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <comment>[[Tasvir:InfoboxHez.PNG]] [[Tasvir:Flag_of_Hezbollah_(thumbnail_placeholder).png]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · Hez could mean many things. tufayli).</comment>
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| alias = Hizbulloh
| shortname alias = Hizbulloh
| flag alias = Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png
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| andoza nomi = Hizbulloh
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  <page>
    <title>Ichki kasalliklar kitobi</title>
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      <comment>1 ta manba qutqarildi hamda 0 tasi oʻlik sifatida belgilandi.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="10603" sha1="0d5fodo0ut0yibm9p5ziuhomyf2g194" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ichki kasalliklar kitobi muqovasi.jpg|thumb|]]
== Kitob haqida ==
Ushbu darslik tibbiyot [[institut]]lari [[talaba]]lari uchun moʻljallangan boʻlib, uning [[ichki aʼzolar]] barcha [[tizim]]larining [[kasallik]]ari yoritilgan. Bunda [[nafas olish]], yurak-qon tomir, [[ovqat hazm qilish]], [[siydik ajratish]], qon yaratish va biriktiruvchi toʻqimaning tizimli kasalliklarining [[etiologiya]]si, [[patogenez]]i, [[patomorfologiya]]si, [[klinika]]si, [[tashxis]]i, qiyosiy tashxisi va davosi aks ettirilgan. [[Darslik]] kasalliklar haqidagi yangi maʼlumotlar: kasalliklar rivojlanishining yangi [[Mexanizm]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;lari, xalqaro [[Tasnif]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;lar, kasalliklarni tashxislash va davolashning xalqaro standarlari bilan boyitildi. Kitobdan shuningdek, amaliyot shifokorlari – terapevtlar, kardiologlar, pulmanologlar foydalanishlari mumkin. Kitob jami 680 sahifadan iborat boʻlib, 6 ta bobni oʻz ichiga oladi. Kitob soʻngida qisqartmalar qismi ham mavjud bu esa oʻquvchiga tushunishni yanada ossonlashtiradi.

== Boblar: ==

# [[Nafas olish tizimi|Nafas olish aʼzolari]] kasalliklari
# [[Yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari]]
# [[Ovqat hazm qilish tizimi|Ovqat hazm qilish aʼzolari]] kasalliklari
# [[Buyrak|Buyrak kasalliklari]]
# [[Biriktiruvchi toʻqima]] va [[boʻgʻim]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;larning diffuz kasalliklari
# [[Qon tizimi]] kasalliklari

== Qisqartmalar: ==

* AHQFI – angiotenzin hosil qiluvchi fermentlar ingibitori&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Angiotensin |date=2023-08-18 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angiotensin&amp;oldid=1171019624 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* AKSH – aorta-koronar shuntlash&lt;ref&gt;https://meduniver.com/Medical/Xirurgia/aorto-koronarnoe_shuntirovanie.html&lt;/ref&gt;
* BKA – ballonli koronar angioplastika&lt;ref&gt;https://thoracickey.com/coronary-balloon-angioplasty/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Angioplasty |date=2023-09-16 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angioplasty&amp;oldid=1175615054 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* BSY – buyraklarning surunkali yetishmovchiligi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Buyrak yetishmovchiligi |date=2022-09-03 |url=https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buyrak_yetishmovchiligi&amp;oldid=2835940 |work=Vikipediya |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://mymedic.uz/kasalliklar/urologiya/buyrak-yetishmovchiligi/&lt;/ref&gt;
* DAB – diastolik arterial bosim&lt;ref&gt;https://uz.approby.com/sistolik-va-diastolik-qon-bosimi/&lt;/ref&gt;
* EIT – elektro-impuls terapiya&lt;ref&gt;https://volynka.ru/articles/text/1485&lt;/ref&gt;
* EKS – elektrokardio stimulyatsiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Электрокардиостимулятор |date=2023-07-22 |url=https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&amp;oldid=131880377 |work=Википедия |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* FTQV – faollashtirilgan tromboplastin qisman vaqti&lt;ref&gt;https://uz.shizensui.com/partial-thromboplastin-time-ptt-20064{{Oʻlikhavola|date=iyun 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* GLP – giperlipidemiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Hyperlipidemia |date=2023-06-25 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperlipidemia&amp;oldid=1161931075 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* JNCHH – jadal nafas chiqaruv hajmi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Nafas |date=2022-12-01 |url=https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nafas&amp;oldid=3378016 |work=Vikipediya |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://uzsmart.uz/library/pdf/6388{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* JSST – jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti
* MH – minutlik hajm&lt;ref&gt;https://elib.buxdu.uz/index.php/pages/referatlar-mustaqil-ish-kurs-ishi/item/13829-nafas-olish-organlarining-yoshga-xos-xususiyatlar{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* MVT – maksimal ventilyatsiya tezligi
* NYQDV – nosteroid yalligʻlanishga qarshi vositalar
* NCHTCH – nafas chiqarish tezligi choʻqqisi
* OITS – odam immun tanqisligi sindromi&lt;ref&gt;https://kun.uz/uz/news/2017/12/01/oits-havfi-akida-oskora-gapiris-kerak&lt;/ref&gt;
* PZLP – past zichlikdagi lipoproteid
* QHF – qon haydash fraksiyasi
* RAT – renin-angiotenzin sistemasi
* SAB – sistolik [[Arterial bosim]]
* SAT – [[simpato-adrenal tizim
* SDB – soʻnggi diastolik bosim
* SDH – soʻnggi diastolik hajm
* SI – sistolik indeks&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Systolic geometry |date=2023-08-18 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Systolic_geometry&amp;oldid=1171006871 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SSH – soʻnggi sistolik hajm
* TBS – turgʻun boʻlmagan stenokardiya
* TG – triglitseridlar&lt;ref&gt;https://uz.lightbridges.org/triglycerides-why-they-matter-and-how-to-lower-them-3879{{Oʻlikhavola|date=mart 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* TNF – tashqi nafas faoliyati
* TTUQ – tarmoqli tomirlarning umumiy qarshiligi
* XGT – xalqaro gipertoniya tashkiloti&lt;ref&gt;https://whleague.org/#:~:text=The%20World%20Hypertension%20League%20(WHL), and%20control%20of%20hypertension%20globally&lt;/ref&gt;
* YGA – yuksta glomerulyar apparat
* YIK – yurak ishemik kasalligi
* YQHF – yurakning qon haydash faoliyati
* YZLP – yuqori zichlikdagi lipoproteid&lt;ref&gt;https://uz.medicinehelpful.com/17212586-high-density-lipoproteins-hdl-norm-decrease-and-increase&lt;/ref&gt;
* OʻJTH – oʻpkaning jadallashtirilgan tiriklik sigʻimi
* OʻPZLP – oʻta past zichlikdagi lipoproteid&lt;ref&gt;https://uz.kineshma.net/Low-density-2008&lt;/ref&gt;
* OʻSOK – oʻpkaning surunkali obstruktiv kasalligi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Oʻpkaning surunkali obstruktiv kasalligi |date=2023-08-25 |url=https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%CA%BBpkaning_surunkali_obstruktiv_kasalligi&amp;oldid=3842985 |work=Vikipediya |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* CHQ – chap qorincha&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Chap qorincha |date=2023-07-22 |url=https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chap_qorincha&amp;oldid=3804158 |work=Vikipediya |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mualliflar: ==

* Shuhrat Malikovich Rahimov – tibbiyot fanlari doktori,[[Toshkent pediatriya tibbiyot instituti|Toshkent Pediatriya tibbiyot]] instituti fakultet terapiya, harbiy dala terapiyasi, [[kasb kasalliklari]] va [[ichki kasalliklar]] propedevtikasi kafedrasi professori;
* Farida Kamolovna Gafforova – tibbiyot fanlari nomzodi, Toshkent [[pediatriya]] tibbiyot instituti [[fakultet]] terapiya, gospital terapiya, harbiy dala terapiyasi, kasb kasalliklari va ichki kasalliklar propedevtikasi kafedrasi dotsenti;
* Gulchehra Abdunabiyevna Ataxodjayeva – tibbiyot fanlari nomzodi, [[Toshkent pediatriya tibbiyot instituti]] fakultet terapiya, gospital terapiya, harbiy dala terapiyasi, kasb kasalliklari [[propedevtika]]si [[kafedra]]si assisenti.
Darslik mualliflarining barchasi [[Toshkent pediatriya tibbiyot instituti]] fakultet terapiya, gospital terapiya, harbiy dala terapiyasi, kasb kasalliklari [[propedevtika]]si [[kafedra]]si&lt;nowiki/&gt;da oʻz faoliyatlarini olib boradilar.

== Kafedra tarixi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=arxiv nusxasi |url=https://tashpmi.uz/uz/talim/bakalavriyat/tibbiy-pedagogik-va-davolash-ishi-fakulteti/kafedralar/fakultet-ichki-kasalliklari-xdt-kasb-kasalliklari-gospital-ichki-kasalliklari-va-ichki-kasalliklar-propedevtikasi/kafedra-tarixi/ |qaralgan sana=2023-09-17 |arxivsana=2023-09-29 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929125352/https://tashpmi.uz/uz/talim/bakalavriyat/tibbiy-pedagogik-va-davolash-ishi-fakulteti/kafedralar/fakultet-ichki-kasalliklari-xdt-kasb-kasalliklari-gospital-ichki-kasalliklari-va-ichki-kasalliklar-propedevtikasi/kafedra-tarixi/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
'''1972 yil Oʻrta Osiyo pediatriya tibbiyot instituti''' Oʻzbekiston hukumati tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Dastlab ichki kasalliklar kafedrasi tashkil etilgan. Kafedra rahbari etib ''Bahodirov A. B.'' tayinlangan. Kafedra 17 shahar klinik shifoxonasiga yangi kafedra boʻlib kelgan. Kafedrada '''dotsenti''' ''Inoyatova L.H,'' '''assistentlar''' ''Jalolova D.M, Tadjiyev D.Sh, Irismetova N.S, Gaffarova F.K, Vasilenko L.I, Suyumova, Lukyanchikov'' ish olib borgan. 1979 yilda SAMPI da ichki kasalliklari boʻyicha 1-2-4-5 kurslar oʻqitildi. Ichki kasalliklar kafedrasini dastlab kafedra professori Babaxodjayev N. K. boshqargan. 1979 yildan buyon institut kengayib bormoqda. Fakultet terapiya boʻlimiga propedevtika ajratilgan. Va shu yildan boshlab ichki kasalliklar kafedrasi tashkil etildi. Kafedra rahbari Sharapov U.B, dotsent Gaffarova F.K, assistentlar Jalolova D.M, Shodmonov U, Tuyjonova G. M. rahbarligida terapiya uchun oʻquv-uslubiy qoʻllanma chop etildi. Kafedrada 150 ga yaqin ilmiy maqolalar, 5 ta uslubiy qoʻllanmalar chop etilgan. 1994 yil Sharapov U. B. rahbarligida dotsent Gaffarova F.K, Shodmonov U. „Ichki kasalliklar“ darsligi chop etishdi. 2005 yilda kafedrada „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Kardiologiya]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ mutaxassisligi boʻyicha [[magistratura]] ochildi. 2004 yilda kafedra ikkiga boʻlindi: Gospital terapiya va harbiy dala terapiyasi (kafedra mudiri Babadjanov A) va ichki kasalliklar va ichki kasalliklar propedevtikasi (kafedra mudiri Rahimov Sh. M). 2016-yilgacha '''Rahimov Sh. M''' kafedra mudiri sifatida faoliyat olib borgan.

== Taqrizchilar: ==

* A. L. Alyavi – [[Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Sogʻliqni saqlash vazirligi|Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi sogʻliqni saqlash vazirligi]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;ning ixtisoslashtirilgan terapiya va tibbiy tiklanish ilmiy-amaliy markazi direktori, [[tibbiyot]] fanalri doktori [[professor]];
* A. G. Gaddoyev – [[Toshkent tibbiyot akademiyasi]] umumiy amaliyot shifokorinin tayyorlash va endokrinologiya kafedrasi professori, tibbiyot fanlari doktori;
* A. S. Bobojonov – [[Toshkent pediatriya tibbiyot instituti]] [[terapiya]] umumiy amaliyot [[shifokor]]i va klinik [[farmakologiya]] [[kafedra]]si [[mudiri]] tibbiyot fanlari doktori, [[professor]].

=== Muharrir: H.Alimuhamedova ===
Badiiy Muharrir: A.Yoqubjanov

Sahifalovchi: D.Hasanova

== [[Nashriyot]]chi ==
&lt;&lt;Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi&gt;&gt; Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti

&lt;&lt;Paper Max&gt;&gt; xususiy [[korxona]]sida chop etildi. [[Toshkent]], Navoiy koʻchasi, 30-uy

2014-yil 04.10 da bosishga ruxsat etildi. [[Qogʻoz]] bichimi 60x90 1/16

TaymsUz garniturasi. 42,50 shartli bosma taboq. 41,04 nashriyot hisob tabogʻi. Adadi 2000. Buyurtma No 2
{{Turkum:tibbiyot}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saraxs jangi (1459-yil)</title>
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      <text bytes="4179" sha1="kcft95f042r3br55i60h8ex5lng03as" xml:space="preserve">'''Saraxs jangi''' 1459-yil mart oyida [[Marv]] va Saraxs o'rtasidagi jarliklardan iborat yerda bo'lib o'tgan jang hisoblanadi.

U [[Abu Said (Temuriy)|Abu Said Mirzo]] boshchiligidagi [[Samarqand]] [[Temuriylar imperiyasi|temuriylari]] va uning Oʻrta Osiyo taxtiga raqib boʻlgan Xuroson va Marv temuriylari ittifoqi oʻrtasida kurash olib bordi, xususan:  Alo ad-Davlo Mirzo, uning o'g'li Ibrohim Mirzo va [[Sultan Sanjar Mirza|Sulton Sanjar Mirzo]] kabi lashkarboshilarga qarshi yangi strategik usullarni qo'llagan&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TC0IAAAAQAAJ&amp;q=sanjar+mirza+1459 |title=The modern part of An universal history, from the earliest accounts to the present time, Volume 5 |last=C. Bathurst, J. F. |year=1781 |publisher=Oxford University |page=89 |accessdate=2013-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Urush foni ==
[[Hirot|Hirotda]] temuriylar hokimiyatining zaifligini anglagan [[Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati|Qoraqo‘yunlu]] [[Jahonshoh]] 1458-yil 28-iyunda shaharga bostirib kirdi va shaharni o‘sha paytda Ibrohim Mirzo egallab oldi&lt;ref name=&quot;Subtelny&quot;&gt;{{Kitob manbasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pkeWqq7pdgC |title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7 |last=Maria Subtelny |authorlink=Maria Subtelny |year=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004160316 |pages=411 |accessdate=2013-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yosh va tajribasiz [[Ibrohim mirzo (Temuriy)|Ibrohim Mirzo]] bu mag'lubiyatdan so'ng ancha vaqt o'ziga kela olmadi. Jahonshoh Hirotni egallab olgandan so‘ng o‘zining Qoraqo‘yunlu podshohligi ichidagi bosimlar hamda [[Oq qoʻyunli|Oqqo‘yunlu]] [[Uzun Hasan|Uzun Hasanning]] tobora kuchayib borayotgan tahdidi tufayli qiyin ahvolga tushib qoldi. Keyinroq esa bu bosimlar tufayli davlatni saqlab qola olmadi. U Temuriy Sultoni Abu Said Mirzo bilan boʻlgan jangda yengiladi va Abusaid Mirzo bilan Muzokaralar olib  borishga majbur boʻlgan va muzokaralardan soʻng Jahonshoh hududiy chegaralarni [[Shohrux Mirzo|Shohruh]] davridagi holatiga qaytarishga rozi boʻlgan. Vaziyatdan unumli foydalanib qolgan Abusaid Mirzo shu bahona davlat chegaralarini kengaytirib oldi. Shunday qilib, Xuroson, Eronning Bistom, Sova, Ray, Shahrlari va Taborak qalʼasi [[Mozandaron ustoni|Mozandaron]] va [[Goʻrgon (shahar)|Jurjon]] temuriylarga qaytarildi, Abu Said Mirzo esa 1458-yil 22-dekabrda Hirotni ikkinchi marta egallab oldi.

Turkmanlar hududni tark etayotib, Xurosonni vayron qilishdi va Abu Said Mirzo Hirotni egallash uchun kelganida, xalq qamal tufayli og'ir ahvolga tushib qolgan edi.  Abu Said Mirzo ularning qoʻrquvini yoʻqotish uchun qoʻshinining katta qismini [[Buxoro]] tomon qaytarib yubordi. Uning [[Samarqand]] podshohligiga da’vogarlari, ya’ni Alo ad-Davla mirzo, o‘g‘li Ibrohim Mirzo va Sulton Sanjar Mirzo o‘z mavqei zaiflashganini ko‘rib, ittifoq tuzib, fursatdan foydalanib, uni bir marta yo‘q qilishga qaror qildilar. Ular Saraxsda uchrashishni va u yerdan Hirotga hujum qilishni rejalashtirdilar. 

Abu Said Mirzo bu g'alayon haqida maʼlumot olgach, son jihatdan koʻp boʻlishiga qaramay, bu tahdidni toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri qarshi olishga va unga qoʻshimcha kuchlar joʻnatishga qaror qildi.

== Jang ==
Saraxs jangi [[Marv]] va Saraxs oʻrtasida Alo ad-Davla mirzo, Ibrohim mirzo va Sulton Sanjar Mirzoning avangardlari paydo boʻlganida vujudga kelgan bahsli vaziyat edi.  Jang chiziqlari chizilgan va keskin jang boshlangan, uchchala amir qo'shinlari hujumga shay holtga keltirilgan edi. [[Amir Ali Farsi|Amir Ali Forsiy]] va [[Amir Syed Asil|amir Sayid Osil]] qo‘l ostida Abu Said Mirzoga o‘z vaqtida qo‘shimcha kuchlar yetib keldi, ular yordamida u dushmanlarini mag‘lub etdi.  Amir Ali Forsiy va Amir Sayid Osil Mazniyonga qochgan Alo ad-Davla Mirzo va Ibrohim Mirzoni ta’qib qilish uchun yuborilgan, Sulton Sanjar Mirzo esa qo‘lga olinib, qatl etilgan.

1460-yilda Ibrohim Mirzo, 1461-yilda esa Alo ad-Davlo Mirzo vafot etdi va bu bilan Movarunahrda vujudga kelgan yakkalik hokimyat talashuvlari, ichki qarshiliklar tugadi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Samarqand]]
[[Turkum:Temuriylar imperiyasi ishtirokidagi janglar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Country data Hizbulloh</title>
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      <comment>[[Tasvir:InfoboxHez.PNG]] [[Tasvir:Flag_of_Hezbollah_(thumbnail_placeholder).png]] bilan almashtirildi ([[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] tomonidan; [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · Hez could mean many things. tufayli).</comment>
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      <text bytes="307" sha1="ivm07kpt2hjln2sffk3aprim0sqq4xz" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Hizbulloh
| flag alias = Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png &lt;!-- &quot;Flag of Hezbollah.svg&quot; is copyrighted. Please do not add it to this template --&gt;
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| related1 = Livan
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Vikipediya:Kichik tahrir</title>
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      <text bytes="2910" sha1="6yzorf5zgkpxgivo1zoogvoz8584d9a" xml:space="preserve">{{qisqartma|[[VP:KICHIK]]|[[VP:KT]]}}
[[Tasvir:Kichik tahrir qismi.png|290px|thumb|Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyaning kichik tahrir qismi (sariq rangda belgilangan),]]
[[Vikipediya]]da '''kichik tahrirlar''' koʻpchilik foydalanuvchilar tomonidan ahamiyatsiz deb hisoblanishi mumkin boʻlgan tahrirlardir. Maqolani tahrirlashda [[vikipediya: Roʻyxatdan oʻtish|roʻyxatdan oʻtgan]] har qanday foydalanuvchi tahrir oynasi ostidagi tegishli darchani belgilab, oʻz tahririni kichik deb belgilash imkoniyatiga ega. Oʻzgartirish jurnallarida bunday tahrirlar {{Abbr|'''k'''|Bu tahrir “kichik” deb belgilangan|0}} oʻlaroq koʻrsatiladi.

== Foydalanish ==
Tahrirlarning ahamiyatini baholash tahrirchining oʻz ixtiyorida.

Kichik tahrirlarga quyidagilar taalluqli:

* xatolarni tuzatish;
* [[vikipediya:Vikifikatsiya|Vikifikatsiya]];
* [[VP:MN|maqolani bezash]];
* maqolalarga [[Gipermurojaat|giperhavolalar]] qoʻshish (masalan, vodorod → [[vodorod]]);
* nomini koʻchirish va [[vikipediya:Eski holiga qaytaruvchilar|eski holiga qaytarish]] (ular avtomatik ravishda belgilanadi).

Kichik tahrirlarga quyidagilar taalluqli ''emas'':

* maqola ''mazmuniga'' oid har qanday tahrirlar (hatto bir nechta soʻz qoʻshilsa ham);
* maqolani [[vikipediya:Oʻchirishga|oʻchirishga]] berish;
* bahsli maqolalarda tahrirni bekor qilish. [[vikipediya: Tahrirlar urushi|Tahrirlash urushi boʻlsa,]] hech qanday tahrirni ahamiyatsiz deb hisoblash mumkin emas, chunki ular baʼzi foydalanuvchilar uchun bunday boʻlmasligi mumkin.

== Kichik tahrirlarni koʻrsatish ==
Foydalanuvchilar [[Yordam:Sozlamalar|sozlamalarda]] yoki tahrir oynasining oʻzida [[Yordam:Soʻnggi tahrirlar|soʻnggi tahrirlar]] va [[Yordam:Kuzatuv roʻyxatim|kuzatuv roʻyxatidagi]] kichik tahrirlarni yashirishi mumkin. Sozlamalar boʻlimidan tahrirni avtomatik tarzda “kichik tahrir” deb belgilab ketish buyrugʻini yoqish mumkin.

Agar tahriringiz kichik deb belgilangan boʻlsa, unga kamroq foydalanuvchilar qiziqadi va muhim tahrir oʻtkazib yuborilishi mumkin. Shuning uchun “kichik tahrir” katagiga belgi qoʻyishdan oldin boshqa foydalanuvchilar haqida oʻylang.

== “Kichik tahrir” bandini hadeb ishlatavermang! ==
Asosiy tahrirlarini kichik deb belgilagan tahrirchi yomon misol boʻladi. Gap shundaki, kichik tahrir belgisining mavjudligi koʻplab ishtirokchilarni (ayniqsa, tasdiqlangan, tajribali foydalanuvchilarning eʼtiborini) chalgʻitishi mumkin, natijada ular muhim tahrirlarga eʼtibor bermaydilar.

Ayrim tahrirchilar tajribalilarga taqlid qilib, koʻpincha “kichik tahrir”ni ahamiyatsiz deb belgilashadi, shuning uchun ularning har qanday tahririni — belgi bilanmi yoki belgisizmi, tekshirish tavsiya etiladi. “Kichik tahrir” belgisi, ayniqsa, sahifaning biror qismini oʻchirishda zararli boʻlishi mumkin.

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Yordam:Tahrir izohi|Yordam:Tahrir izohi]]

[[Turkum:Vikipediya:Koʻrsatmalar]]</text>
      <sha1>6yzorf5zgkpxgivo1zoogvoz8584d9a</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ikast-Brande (munitsipalitet)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T23:30:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>58913</id>
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      <comment>1 ta manba qutqarildi hamda 0 tasi oʻlik sifatida belgilandi.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>5988849</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3855" sha1="fg9fyx7ti7berpnc56ccwon4c4aoify" xml:space="preserve">{{Bilgiquti aholi punkti
| nomi                = {{PAGENAMEBASE}}
| other_name                      = 
| native_name                     = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
| nickname                        = 
| settlement_type                 = [[Munitsipalitet]]
| mavqe = Munitsipalitet
| motto                           = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_skyline                   = 
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_flag                      = 
| flag_size                       = 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_size                       = 
| image_map                       =
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| pushpin_map                     = 
| pushpin_label_position          = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Brazil
| subdivision_type                = 
| subdivision_name                = 
|nomi = {{PAGENAMEBASE}}
| subdivision_type1               = Mamlakat
| mamlakat = Daniya
| subdivision_type2               = Viloyat
| subdivision_name2               = Hovedstaden viloyati
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_name3               =  
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name4               = &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| established_title               = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date                = &lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| area_magnitude                  = 
| unit_pref                       = Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 
| area_land_km2                   = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
| population_as_of                = 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/mt/nova-marilandia/panorama IBGE 2020]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 
| population_density_km2          = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone                        =[[Braziliyada vaqt]]
| utc_offset                      = &amp;minus;3
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| coordinates                     = 
| elevation_footnotes             = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m                     = 
| elevation_ft                    = &lt;!-- accord. to Google Earth--&gt;
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;| postal_code_type                = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 
| blank_name                      = 
| blank_info                      = 
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = 
| name                            = 
}}
'''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}''' — [[Daniya]]ning Hovedstaden viloyatidagi munitsipalitet. Munitsipalitetda 42,737 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Relation: Southern Denmark(7391027) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/7391027 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Estadística (ONE) |first=Oficina Nacional de |title=Oficina Nacional de Estadística (ONE) |url=http://one.gob.do/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Oficina Nacional de Estadística (ONE) |arxivsana=2009-04-01 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401053557/http://www.one.gob.do/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}
{{Daniya munitsipalitetlari}}
[[Turkum:Daniya munitsipalitetlari]]

{{Daniya-geo-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkum:Bagʻdod tumanida tugʻilganlar</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>1177253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988629</id>
      <parentid>4454001</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:59:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Janob Mirzaolim</username>
        <id>64438</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Bagʻdod tumani]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="72" sha1="6q6sm4zw6xzr88moi8t56m2u2m6ksa8" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Fargʻona viloyatida tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Bagʻdod tumani]]</text>
      <sha1>6q6sm4zw6xzr88moi8t56m2u2m6ksa8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xushnudbek Avilov</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1206085</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988600</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:05:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umarxon III</username>
        <id>18267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>vafoti</comment>
      <origin>5988600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2087" sha1="3plkq9drz2q7cf2jz5jout6z7xmoyn3" xml:space="preserve">{{ism+familiya|Xushnud|Avilov}}
{{Futbolchi bilgiqutisi
 | ism                = Xushnudbek Avilov
 | tasvir             = 
 | toʻliqism          = 
 | boʻyi              = {{height|m=1.78}}
 | tavallud_sana      = {{Tugʻilgan sanasi|df=yes|1998|8|4}}
 | tavallud_joyi      = {{TavalludJoyi|Toshkent}}
 | vafot_sana         = {{Vafot sanasi va yoshi|df=yes|2026|4|11|1998|8|4}}
 | vafot_joyi         = {{VafotJoyi|Toshkent}}
 | joriyklub          = [[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
 | klubraqami         = 21
 | yillar1            = 
 | klublar1           = 
 | isht1              = 
 | gollar1            = 
 | yillar2            = 
 | klublar2           = 
 | isht2              = 
 | gollar2            = 
 | yillar3            = 
 | klublar3           = 
 | isht3              = 
 | gollar3            = 
 | pozitsiya          = [[Himoyachi (futbol)|Himoyachi]]
}}
'''Xushnudbek Avilov''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Хушнудбек Авилов&lt;/nowiki&gt;) – [[oʻzbekiston]]lik [[futbolchi]]. „[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi)|Doʻstlik]]“ klubi himoyachisi&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/khushnudbek-avilov/408457/|title=K. AVILOV|publisher=[[Soccerway]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557|title=#21 Khushnudbek Avilov|publisher=[[Transfermarkt]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

{{Doʻstlik futbol klubi tarkibi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avilov, Xushnudbek}}
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]
[[Turkum:Erkak futbol darvozabonlari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik erkak futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik Toshkent futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Paxtakor jamoasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻqon 1912 klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Navbahor futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon SGS futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha sportchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston kishilari]]
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha futbolchilar]]


{{uzbekistan-footy-bio-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>3plkq9drz2q7cf2jz5jout6z7xmoyn3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988623</id>
      <parentid>5988600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:29:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DilyorbekOfficial</username>
        <id>72290</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>5988623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2329" sha1="gl40sd57xyhooxue4tvbuxorfuz6ahx" xml:space="preserve">== '''Xushnudbek Avilov''' ==
{{ism+familiya|Xushnud|Avilov}}
'''Xushnudbek Avilov''' ('''Хушнудбек Авилов''', 1998-yil 4-avgust, Toshkent''') — oʻzbekistonlik professional futbolchi, himoyachi (chap qanot himoyachisi).'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 |sarlavha=#21 Khushnudbek Avilov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Faoliyati ===
Xushnudbek Avilov faoliyati davomida Oʻzbekistonning bir qator professional klublarida, jumladan, '''„Paxtakor“''', '''„Navbahor“''', '''„Andijon“''', '''„Qoʻqon-1912“''' va '''„Turon“''' jamoalarida toʻp surgan. 2024-yildan boshlab Toshkentning '''„Doʻstlik“''' futbol klubida faoliyat olib borgan.  U asosan chap qanot himoyachisi sifatida o‘ynagan, shuningdek markaziy himoya va yarim himoyaning chap qanotida ham harakat qilgan. Faoliyati davomida turli musobaqalarda jami '''100 dan ortiq o‘yin''' o‘tkazgan. Avilov Oʻzbekistonning turli yosh toifalaridagi terma jamoalariga, xususan, U-19, U-21 va U-22 jamoalariga jalb etilgan hamda xalqaro musobaqalarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

=== Terma jamoa ===
Xushnudbek Avilov o‘z vaqtida O‘zbekistonning U-19, U-21 va U-22 terma jamoalariga ham chaqirilgan va xalqaro maydonlarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

=== Jismoniy ko‘rsatkichlari ===

* Bo‘yi: 1,78 m 

* Pozitsiyasi: chap qanot himoyachisi 

=== Vafoti ===
Futbolchi 2026-yilning aprel oyida 27 yoshida vafot etdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://daryo.uz/M-XPURhDR |sarlavha=Futbolchi Xushnudbek Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

{{Doʻstlik futbol klubi tarkibi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avilov, Xushnudbek}}
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]
[[Turkum:Erkak futbol darvozabonlari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik erkak futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik Toshkent futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Paxtakor jamoasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻqon 1912 klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Navbahor futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon SGS futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha sportchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston kishilari]]
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha futbolchilar]]


{{uzbekistan-footy-bio-stub}}</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Sahifa yaxshilandi va maʼlumotlar yangilandi. + Bilgiquti qoʻshildi</comment>
      <origin>5988636</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4256" sha1="avmei70qcmpmmmi96au1ju6grz9hwpe" xml:space="preserve">{{ism+familiya|Xushnud|Avilov}}
{{Futbolchi bilgiqutisi
 | ism                = Xushnudbek Avilov
 | tavallud_sana      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1998|08|04}}
 | tavallud_joyi      = {{tavalludJoyi|Toshkent}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | vafot_sana         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|2026|04|11|1998|08|04}}
 | vafot_joyi         = {{VafotJoyi|Toshkent}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | boʻyi              = {{boʻy|cm=178}}
 | pozitsiya          = [[Himoyachi (futbol)|Chap qanot himoyachi]]
 | yoshlikyillari1    = {{0|0000}}—2016
 | yoshlikklublari1   = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | yillar1            = 2016—2017
 | klublar1           = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | isht1              = 4
 | gollar1            = 0
 | yillar2            = 2017
 | klublar2           = {{ijara}} [[Qoʻqon 1912]]
 | isht2              = 5
 | gollar2            = 0
 | yillar3            = 2018—2020
 | klublar3           = [[Andijon (futbol klubi)|Andijon]]
 | isht3              = 38+
 | gollar3            = 1+
 | yillar4            = 2021
 | klublar4           = [[Navbahor (futbol klubi)|Navbahor]]
 | isht4              = 1
 | gollar4            = 0
 | yillar5            = 2022—2023
 | klublar5           = [[Turon (futbol klubi)|Turon]]
 | isht5              = 32
 | gollar5            = 0
 | yillar6            = 2023
 | klublar6           = [[Andijon SGS (futbol klubi)|Andijon SGS]]
 | isht6              = 2
 | gollar6            = 0
 | yillar7            = 2024
 | klublar7           = [[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik (Toshkent)]]
 | isht7              = 12
 | gollar7            = 0
 | yillar8            = 
 | klublar8           = 
 | isht8              = 
 | gollar8            = 
 | milliyyillar1      = 
 | milliyjamoa1       = Oʻzbekiston U19
 | milliyisht1        = 3
 | milliygollar1      = 0
 | milliyyillar2      = 
 | milliyjamoa2       = Oʻzbekiston U21
 | milliyisht2        = 1
 | milliygollar2      = 0
 | milliyyillar3      = 2017
 | milliyjamoa3       = Oʻzbekiston U22
 | milliyisht3        = 1
 | milliygollar3      = 0

}}
'''Xushnudbek Avilov''' (1998-yil 4-avgust, Toshken) — oʻzbekistonlik professional futbolchi, himoyachi (chap qanot himoyachisi).&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 |sarlavha=#21 Khushnudbek Avilov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Futbolchilik faoliyati ==
Xushnudbek Avilov faoliyati davomida Oʻzbekistonning bir qator professional klublarida, jumladan, „Paxtakor“, „Navbahor“, „Andijon“, „Qoʻqon-1912“ va „Turon“ jamoalarida toʻp surgan. 2024-yildan boshlab Toshkentning „Doʻstlik“ futbol klubida faoliyat olib borgan. U asosan chap qanot himoyachisi sifatida oʻynagan, shuningdek markaziy himoya va yarim himoyaning chap qanotida ham harakat qilgan. Faoliyati davomida turli musobaqalarda jami 100 dan ortiq oʻyin oʻtkazgan. Avilov Oʻzbekistonning turli yosh toifalaridagi terma jamoalariga, xususan, U-19, U-21 va U-22 jamoalariga jalb etilgan hamda xalqaro musobaqalarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

=== Terma jamoa ===
Xushnudbek Avilov oʻz vaqtida Oʻzbekistonning U-19, U-21 va U-22 terma jamoalariga ham chaqirilgan va xalqaro maydonlarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

== Vafoti ==
Futbolchi 2026-yilning aprel oyida 27 yoshida vafot etdi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://daryo.uz/M-XPURhDR |sarlavha=Futbolchi Xushnudbek Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://pfl.uz/player/1541 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|OʻzPFL]] saytida
* [https://www.transfermarkt.world/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Transfermarkt]] saytida
{{Doʻstlik futbol klubi tarkibi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avilov, Xushnudbek}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha futbolchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik erkak futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik Toshkent futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Paxtakor jamoasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻqon 1912 klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Navbahor futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon SGS futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Superligasi futbolchilari]]


{{uzbekistan-footy-bio-stub}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T14:31:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
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      <minor />
      <origin>5988642</origin>
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      <text bytes="4832" sha1="8203empak486tvbnd68b3jlh323kre1" xml:space="preserve">{{ism+familiya|Xushnud|Avilov}}
{{Futbolchi bilgiqutisi
 | ism                = Xushnudbek Avilov
 | tavallud_sana      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1998|08|04}}
 | tavallud_joyi      = {{tavalludJoyi|Andijon}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | vafot_sana         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|2026|04|11|1998|08|04}}
 | vafot_joyi         = {{VafotJoyi|Andijon}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | boʻyi              = {{boʻy|cm=178}}
 | pozitsiya          = [[Himoyachi (futbol)|Chap qanot himoyachi]]
 | yoshlikyillari1    = {{0|0000}}—2016
 | yoshlikklublari1   = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | yillar1            = 2016—2017
 | klublar1           = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | isht1              = 4
 | gollar1            = 0
 | yillar2            = 2017
 | klublar2           = {{ijara}} [[Qoʻqon 1912]]
 | isht2              = 5
 | gollar2            = 0
 | yillar3            = 2018—2020
 | klublar3           = [[Andijon (futbol klubi)|Andijon]]
 | isht3              = 38+
 | gollar3            = 1+
 | yillar4            = 2021
 | klublar4           = [[Navbahor (futbol klubi)|Navbahor]]
 | isht4              = 1
 | gollar4            = 0
 | yillar5            = 2022—2023
 | klublar5           = [[Turon (futbol klubi)|Turon]]
 | isht5              = 32
 | gollar5            = 0
 | yillar6            = 2023
 | klublar6           = [[Andijon SGS (futbol klubi)|Andijon SGS]]
 | isht6              = 2
 | gollar6            = 0
 | yillar7            = 2024
 | klublar7           = [[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik (Toshkent)]]
 | isht7              = 12
 | gollar7            = 0
 | yillar8            = 
 | klublar8           = 
 | isht8              = 
 | gollar8            = 
 | milliyyillar1      = 
 | milliyjamoa1       = Oʻzbekiston U19
 | milliyisht1        = 3
 | milliygollar1      = 0
 | milliyyillar2      = 
 | milliyjamoa2       = Oʻzbekiston U21
 | milliyisht2        = 1
 | milliygollar2      = 0
 | milliyyillar3      = 2017
 | milliyjamoa3       = Oʻzbekiston U22
 | milliyisht3        = 1
 | milliygollar3      = 0
}}
'''Xushnudbek Avilov''' (1998-yil 4-avgust, Andijon&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://championat.asia/news/rasmiy-xabar-andijon-futbolchisi-navbahorga-otdi |sarlavha=Rasmiy xabar: &quot;Andijon&quot; futbolchisi &quot;Navbahor&quot;ga o'tdi |sana=27 dec 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;) — oʻzbekistonlik sobiq professional futbolchi, markaziy himoyachi va chap qanot himoyachi pozitsiyasida oʻynagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 |sarlavha=#21 Khushnudbek Avilov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Futbolchilik faoliyati ==
Xushnudbek Avilov faoliyati davomida Oʻzbekistonning bir qator professional klublarida, jumladan, „Paxtakor“, „Navbahor“, „Andijon“, „Qoʻqon-1912“ va „Turon“&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://m.stadion.uz/uz/news/detail/315089 |sarlavha=Xushnudbek Avilov &quot;Turon&quot; futbolchisi |sana=06.02.2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; jamoalarida toʻp surgan. 2024-yildan boshlab Toshkentning „Doʻstlik“ futbol klubida faoliyat olib borgan. U asosan chap qanot himoyachisi sifatida oʻynagan, shuningdek markaziy himoya va yarim himoyaning chap qanotida ham harakat qilgan. Faoliyati davomida turli musobaqalarda jami 100 dan ortiq oʻyin oʻtkazgan. Avilov Oʻzbekistonning turli yosh toifalaridagi terma jamoalariga, xususan, U-19, U-21 va U-22 jamoalariga jalb etilgan hamda xalqaro musobaqalarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

=== Terma jamoa ===
Xushnudbek Avilov oʻz vaqtida Oʻzbekistonning U-19, U-21 va U-22 terma jamoalariga ham chaqirilgan va xalqaro maydonlarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

== Vafoti ==
Futbolchi 2026-yilning aprel oyida 27 yoshida vafot etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://daryo.uz/M-XPURhDR |sarlavha=Futbolchi Xushnudbek Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://tribuna.uz/news/xushnud-avilov-27-yoshida-vafot-etdi-1161728/ |sarlavha=Xushnud Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi |sana=11-aprel 2026-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://pfl.uz/player/1541 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|OʻzPFL]] saytida
* [https://www.transfermarkt.world/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Transfermarkt]] saytida
{{Doʻstlik futbol klubi tarkibi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avilov, Xushnudbek}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha futbolchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik erkak futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Erkak futbol himoyachilari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik Toshkent futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Paxtakor jamoasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻqon 1912 klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Navbahor futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon SGS futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Superligasi futbolchilari]]


{{uzbekistan-footy-bio-stub}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988644</id>
      <parentid>5988642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T14:38:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Havolalar */</comment>
      <origin>5988644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4943" sha1="fwi4fmu0lsg6rljvf3ktfh9kflg8f1x" xml:space="preserve">{{ism+familiya|Xushnud|Avilov}}
{{Futbolchi bilgiqutisi
 | ism                = Xushnudbek Avilov
 | tavallud_sana      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1998|08|04}}
 | tavallud_joyi      = {{tavalludJoyi|Andijon}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | vafot_sana         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|2026|04|11|1998|08|04}}
 | vafot_joyi         = {{VafotJoyi|Andijon}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | boʻyi              = {{boʻy|cm=178}}
 | pozitsiya          = [[Himoyachi (futbol)|Chap qanot himoyachi]]
 | yoshlikyillari1    = {{0|0000}}—2016
 | yoshlikklublari1   = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | yillar1            = 2016—2017
 | klublar1           = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | isht1              = 4
 | gollar1            = 0
 | yillar2            = 2017
 | klublar2           = {{ijara}} [[Qoʻqon 1912]]
 | isht2              = 5
 | gollar2            = 0
 | yillar3            = 2018—2020
 | klublar3           = [[Andijon (futbol klubi)|Andijon]]
 | isht3              = 38+
 | gollar3            = 1+
 | yillar4            = 2021
 | klublar4           = [[Navbahor (futbol klubi)|Navbahor]]
 | isht4              = 1
 | gollar4            = 0
 | yillar5            = 2022—2023
 | klublar5           = [[Turon (futbol klubi)|Turon]]
 | isht5              = 32
 | gollar5            = 0
 | yillar6            = 2023
 | klublar6           = [[Andijon SGS (futbol klubi)|Andijon SGS]]
 | isht6              = 2
 | gollar6            = 0
 | yillar7            = 2024
 | klublar7           = [[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik (Toshkent)]]
 | isht7              = 12
 | gollar7            = 0
 | yillar8            = 
 | klublar8           = 
 | isht8              = 
 | gollar8            = 
 | milliyyillar1      = 
 | milliyjamoa1       = Oʻzbekiston U19
 | milliyisht1        = 3
 | milliygollar1      = 0
 | milliyyillar2      = 
 | milliyjamoa2       = Oʻzbekiston U21
 | milliyisht2        = 1
 | milliygollar2      = 0
 | milliyyillar3      = 2017
 | milliyjamoa3       = Oʻzbekiston U22
 | milliyisht3        = 1
 | milliygollar3      = 0
}}
'''Xushnudbek Avilov''' (1998-yil 4-avgust, Andijon&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://championat.asia/news/rasmiy-xabar-andijon-futbolchisi-navbahorga-otdi |sarlavha=Rasmiy xabar: &quot;Andijon&quot; futbolchisi &quot;Navbahor&quot;ga o'tdi |sana=27 dec 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;) — oʻzbekistonlik sobiq professional [[futbolchi]], [[Himoyachi (futbol)|markaziy himoyachi]] va chap qanot himoyachi pozitsiyasida oʻynagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 |sarlavha=#21 Khushnudbek Avilov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Futbolchilik faoliyati ==
Xushnudbek faoliyati davomida [[Oʻzbekiston]]ning bir qator professional klublarida, jumladan, „[[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]“, „[[Navbahor (futbol klubi)|Navbahor]]“, „[[Andijon (futbol klubi)|Andijon]]“, „[[Qoʻqon 1912]]“ va „Turon“&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://m.stadion.uz/uz/news/detail/315089 |sarlavha=Xushnudbek Avilov &quot;[[Turon (futbol klubi)|Turon]]&quot; futbolchisi |sana=06.02.2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; jamoalarida toʻp surgan. 2024-yildan boshlab [[Toshkent]]ning „[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]“ futbol klubida faoliyat olib borgan. U asosan chap qanot himoyachisi sifatida oʻynagan, shuningdek markaziy himoya va yarim himoyaning chap qanotida ham harakat qilgan. Faoliyati davomida turli musobaqalarda jami 100 dan ortiq oʻyin oʻtkazgan. Avilov Oʻzbekistonning turli yosh toifalaridagi terma jamoalariga, xususan, U-19, U-21 va U-22 jamoalariga jalb etilgan hamda xalqaro musobaqalarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

=== Terma jamoa ===
Xushnudbek Avilov oʻz vaqtida Oʻzbekistonning U-19, U-21 va U-22 terma jamoalariga ham chaqirilgan va xalqaro maydonlarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

== Vafoti ==
Futbolchi 2026-yilning aprel oyida 27 yoshida vafot etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://daryo.uz/M-XPURhDR |sarlavha=Futbolchi Xushnudbek Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://tribuna.uz/news/xushnud-avilov-27-yoshida-vafot-etdi-1161728/ |sarlavha=Xushnud Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi |sana=11-aprel 2026-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://pfl.uz/player/1541 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|OʻzPFL]] saytida
* [https://www.transfermarkt.world/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Transfermarkt]] saytida
{{DEFAULTSORT:Avilov, Xushnudbek}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha futbolchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik erkak futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Erkak futbol himoyachilari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik Toshkent futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Paxtakor jamoasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻqon 1912 klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Navbahor futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon SGS futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Superligasi futbolchilari]]</text>
      <sha1>fwi4fmu0lsg6rljvf3ktfh9kflg8f1x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988661</id>
      <parentid>5988644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:25:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umarxon III</username>
        <id>18267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>5988661</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4964" sha1="nf6iacydji6wb4p3kladmuk2apvw045" xml:space="preserve">{{ism+familiya|Xushnud|Avilov}}
{{Futbolchi bilgiqutisi
 | ism                = Xushnudbek Avilov
 | tavallud_sana      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1998|08|04}}
 | tavallud_joyi      = {{tavalludJoyi|Andijon}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | vafot_sana         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|2026|4|11|1998|08|04}}
 | vafot_joyi         = {{VafotJoyi|Andijon}}, Oʻzbekiston
 | boʻyi              = {{boʻy|cm=178}}
 | pozitsiya          = [[Himoyachi (futbol)|Chap qanot himoyachi]]
 | yoshlikyillari1    = {{0|0000}}—2016
 | yoshlikklublari1   = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | yillar1            = 2016—2017
 | klublar1           = [[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]
 | isht1              = 4
 | gollar1            = 0
 | yillar2            = 2017
 | klublar2           = {{ijara}} [[Qoʻqon 1912]]
 | isht2              = 5
 | gollar2            = 0
 | yillar3            = 2018—2020
 | klublar3           = [[Andijon (futbol klubi)|Andijon]]
 | isht3              = 38+
 | gollar3            = 1+
 | yillar4            = 2021
 | klublar4           = [[Navbahor (futbol klubi)|Navbahor]]
 | isht4              = 1
 | gollar4            = 0
 | yillar5            = 2022—2023
 | klublar5           = [[Turon (futbol klubi)|Turon]]
 | isht5              = 32
 | gollar5            = 0
 | yillar6            = 2023
 | klublar6           = [[Andijon SGS (futbol klubi)|Andijon SGS]]
 | isht6              = 2
 | gollar6            = 0
 | yillar7            = 2024
 | klublar7           = [[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik (Toshkent)]]
 | isht7              = 12
 | gollar7            = 0
 | yillar8            = 
 | klublar8           = 
 | isht8              = 
 | gollar8            = 
 | milliyyillar1      = 
 | milliyjamoa1       = Oʻzbekiston U19
 | milliyisht1        = 3
 | milliygollar1      = 0
 | milliyyillar2      = 
 | milliyjamoa2       = Oʻzbekiston U21
 | milliyisht2        = 1
 | milliygollar2      = 0
 | milliyyillar3      = 2017
 | milliyjamoa3       = Oʻzbekiston U22
 | milliyisht3        = 1
 | milliygollar3      = 0
}}
'''Xushnudbek Avilov''' (1998-yil 4-avgust, Andijon — 2026-yil 11-aprel&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://championat.asia/news/rasmiy-xabar-andijon-futbolchisi-navbahorga-otdi |sarlavha=Rasmiy xabar: &quot;Andijon&quot; futbolchisi &quot;Navbahor&quot;ga o'tdi |sana=27 dec 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;) — oʻzbekistonlik sobiq professional [[futbolchi]], [[Himoyachi (futbol)|markaziy himoyachi]] va chap qanot himoyachi pozitsiyasida oʻynagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 |sarlavha=#21 Khushnudbek Avilov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Futbolchilik faoliyati ==
Xushnudbek faoliyati davomida [[Oʻzbekiston]]ning bir qator professional klublarida, jumladan, „[[Paxtakor (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor]]“, „[[Navbahor (futbol klubi)|Navbahor]]“, „[[Andijon (futbol klubi)|Andijon]]“, „[[Qoʻqon 1912]]“ va „Turon“&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://m.stadion.uz/uz/news/detail/315089 |sarlavha=Xushnudbek Avilov &quot;[[Turon (futbol klubi)|Turon]]&quot; futbolchisi |sana=06.02.2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; jamoalarida toʻp surgan. 2024-yildan boshlab [[Toshkent]]ning „[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]“ futbol klubida faoliyat olib borgan. U asosan chap qanot himoyachisi sifatida oʻynagan, shuningdek markaziy himoya va yarim himoyaning chap qanotida ham harakat qilgan. Faoliyati davomida turli musobaqalarda jami 100 dan ortiq oʻyin oʻtkazgan. Avilov Oʻzbekistonning turli yosh toifalaridagi terma jamoalariga, xususan, U-19, U-21 va U-22 jamoalariga jalb etilgan hamda xalqaro musobaqalarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

=== Terma jamoa ===
Xushnudbek Avilov oʻz vaqtida Oʻzbekistonning U-19, U-21 va U-22 terma jamoalariga ham chaqirilgan va xalqaro maydonlarda mamlakat sharafini himoya qilgan.

== Vafoti ==
Futbolchi 2026-yilning aprel oyida 27 yoshida vafot etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://daryo.uz/M-XPURhDR |sarlavha=Futbolchi Xushnudbek Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://tribuna.uz/news/xushnud-avilov-27-yoshida-vafot-etdi-1161728/ |sarlavha=Xushnud Avilov 27 yoshida vafot etdi |sana=11-aprel 2026-yil}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://pfl.uz/player/1541 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi|OʻzPFL]] saytida
* [https://www.transfermarkt.world/khushnudbek-avilov/profil/spieler/492557 Xushnudbek Avilov] [[Transfermarkt]] saytida
{{DEFAULTSORT:Avilov, Xushnudbek}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha futbolchilar]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekistonlik erkak futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Erkak futbol himoyachilari]]
[[Turkum:Doʻstlik Toshkent futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Paxtakor jamoasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qoʻqon 1912 klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Navbahor futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turon klubi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Andijon SGS futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi futbolchilari]]
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Superligasi futbolchilari]]</text>
      <sha1>nf6iacydji6wb4p3kladmuk2apvw045</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1331367</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988645</id>
      <parentid>5978241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T14:52:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Turnir jadvali */</comment>
      <origin>5988645</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11584" sha1="alhyd7osenddn0qs7ea3906c38il62b" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox football league season
| image                      = [[Fayl:Photo 2024-02-13 13-09-35.jpg|300px]]
| caption                    = 
| competition                = [[Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]
| season                     = 2026-yil (mart-noyabr)
| winners                    = 
| promoted                   = 
| relegated                  = 
| matches                    = 
| total goals                = 
| league topscorer           = 
| biggest home win = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| biggest away win = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| highest scoring = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| lowest attendance ={{nowrap|}}
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason = [[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 07.01.2026
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Про лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) – [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan 2-divizion musobaqasi. Ikkinchi divizion klublari oʻrtasida oʻtkaziladigan 35-Oʻzbekiston chempionati&lt;ref&gt;[https://championat.asia/oz/news/pro-liga-2026-ishtirokchilari-organilmoqda Pro liga-2026 ishtirokchilari o'rganilmoqda]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Klublar ==
{{Location map+|Uzbekistan|width=400|float=right|caption=2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro-ligasidagi uy stadionlari|places={{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=41.31379  |long=69.26743  |label='''Tashkent''' |position=left}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=42.88635  |long=59.19362 |label=Jayxun}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=42.46667 |long=59.6 |label=Aral}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.37355 |long=71.79786 |label=FarDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=39.762443 |long=64.420935 |label=BuxDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=41.571624 |long=69.767568 |label=Gʻazalkent}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=39.905592 |long=66.261212 |label=Kattaqoʻrgʻon}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=38.858696 |long=65.808000 |label=Lochin}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.229943 |long=69.270608 |label=Metallurg}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=37.232069 |long=67.287604 |label=TerDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.376500 |long=70.825551 |label=Yaypan}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=38.618489 |long=66.259296 |label=Shoʻrtan}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |lat=40 |long=56 |label='''Toshkent&amp;nbsp;klublari:'''&lt;br&gt;Olimpik MobiUz&lt;br&gt;Paxtakor Farm&lt;br&gt;Respublika FA}}}}

=== Murabbiylar va homiylar ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Klub
!Murabbiy
!Joylashuv
!Stadion
!Klub homiysi
|-
|[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral Nukus]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Vadim Shodimatov]]
|[[Nukus]] 
|NOPSTTM
|
|-
|[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} 
|[[Buxoro]]
| 
|
|-
|[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Zayniddin Tojiyev]] 
|[[Gʻazalkent]] 
|Gʻazalkent stadioni
|
|-
|[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Eldor Moyliyev]]
|[[Qarshi]] 
|[[Geolog stadioni]]
|
|-
|[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|Jayxun]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Aybek Nurbayev]]
|[[Nukus]] 
|BOʻFA
|
|-
|[[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Farhod Nishonov]]
|[[Toshkent]] 
|[[Jar (sport majmuasi)|Jar stadioni]]
|
|-
|[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Shavkat Yusupov]]
|[[Fargʻona]] 
|FarDU
|
|-
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] 
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Yorqin Nazarov]] 
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] 
|Dinamo
|
|-
|[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]] 
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ilhom Moʻminjonov]] 
|[[Bekobod]] 
|[[Metallurg (Stadion, Bekobod)|Metallurg]]
|
|-
|[[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Bobur Abdurahmonov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|
|
|-
|[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Jamoliddin Rahmatullayev]]
|[[Toshkent]] 
|
|
|-
|[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Asror Aliqulov]] 
|[[Gʻuzor]] 
|[[Gʻuzor stadioni|Gʻuzor]]
|
|-
|[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Eldor Boymatov]]
|[[Termiz]] 
|
|
|-
|[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Rashid Gʻofurov]]
|[[Yaypan]]
|
|
|}

== Chet ellik futbolchilar ==
{{main article|O‘zbekistonda to‘p surgan xorijlik futbolchilar}}{{Yana qarang|2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston futboli transferlari roʻyxati}}

'''Qalin:''' oʻz terma jamoasi uchun oʻynagan futbolchilar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
!№
!Klub
!Futbolchi 1
!Futbolchi 2
!Futbolchi 3
!Futbolchi 4
!Futbolchi 5
!Futbolchi 6
|-
|1
|[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral]]
|{{Flagicon|TKM}} [[Vepa Jumayev]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Mark Krasnov]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|2
|[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|3
|[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|4
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]]
|{{Flagicon|SLO}} [[Almin Kurtović]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Giorgi Pantsulaia]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Isac Martins Silva]]
|{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Francis Narh]]
|
|
|-
|5
|[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|6
|[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]
|{{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Branimir Jočić]]
|{{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Vladimir Bubanja]]
|{{Flagicon|MNE}} [[Armin Bošnjak]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Maxuel Cássio]]
|
|
|-
|7
|[[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|8
|[[Paxtakor-2|Paxtakor Farm]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Stepan Suslov]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|9
|[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|QMU Jayxun]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|10
|[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|11
|[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|12
|[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|13
|[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Ivan Korshunov]] 
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Timofey Postnikov]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladislav Nabatov]]
|{{Flagicon|UKR}} [[Ivan Podtinniy]]
|
|
|-
|14
|[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Beka Xarshiladze]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Levan Barabadze]]
|{{Flagicon|BLR}} [[Roman Vegerya]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Yuriy Klochkov]]
|{{Flagicon|CIV}} [[Muhamed Olawale]]
|
|}
== Turnir jadvali ==
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz OʻzPFL]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  GAZ, LOC, MET, KAT, ARA, SHU, FAR, YAY, PAX, MOB, RES, JAY, TER, BUX, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO |result3=PO |result4=PO |result5=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;

|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_ARA=1 |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA=2 |ga_ARA=1 &lt;!-- Aral --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX=1 |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX=3 &lt;!-- BuxDU --&gt;
|win_FAR=1 |draw_FAR= |loss_FAR= |gf_FAR=1 |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- FarDU--&gt;
|win_JAY= |draw_JAY= |loss_JAY=1 |gf_JAY= |ga_JAY=2 &lt;!-- Jayxun --&gt;
|win_KAT=1 |draw_KAT= |loss_KAT= |gf_KAT=2 |ga_KAT= &lt;!-- Kattaqoʻrgʻon --&gt;
|win_LOC=1 |draw_LOC=1 |loss_LOC= |gf_LOC=3 |ga_LOC=1 &lt;!-- Lochin --&gt;
|win_MET=1 |draw_MET=1 |loss_MET= |gf_MET=3 |ga_MET=2 &lt;!-- Metallurg --&gt;
|win_MOB= |draw_MOB=1 |loss_MOB=1 |gf_MOB=2 |ga_MOB=3 &lt;!-- Olimpik MobiUZ --&gt;
|win_PAX= |draw_PAX=1 |loss_PAX=1 |gf_PAX=1 |ga_PAX=2 &lt;!-- Paxtakor FM --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES=1 |loss_RES=1 |gf_RES=2 |ga_RES=3 &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_TER= |draw_TER= |loss_TER=2 |gf_TER=1 |ga_TER=4 &lt;!-- TerDU --&gt;
|win_YAY=1 |draw_YAY= |loss_YAY=1 |gf_YAY=3 |ga_YAY=3 &lt;!-- Yaypan--&gt;
|win_GAZ=1 |draw_GAZ=1 |loss_GAZ= |gf_GAZ=5 |ga_GAZ=2 &lt;!-- Gʻazalkent --&gt;
|win_SHU=1 |draw_SHU= |loss_SHU= |gf_SHU=1 |ga_SHU= &lt;!-- Shoʻrtan --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_ARA=[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral ]]
|name_BUX=[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|name_FAR=[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|name_JAY=[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|QMU Jayxun]]
|name_KAT=[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]]
|name_LOC=[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|name_MET=[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]
|name_MOB=[[Olimpik-Farm (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUZ]]
|name_PAX=[[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|name_TER=[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|name_YAY=[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|name_GAZ=[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|name_SHU=[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
}}

== Mavsum statistikasi ==

* '''Mavsumdagi ilk gol''': [[Muzaffar Moʻminov]] [[Yaypan]]nning „[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]“ klubi tarkibida „[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]“ klubiga qarshi oʻyinda urgan ('''2025-yil 5-aprel''').

=== Gol mualliflari ===
{{updated|2026-yil 7-aprel holatiga koʻra}} Mavsum holatiga koʻra 7 ta oʻyinda 15 ta gol (har bir oʻyinda oʻrtacha 2.14 tadan gol) urilgan.

{{Goalscorers
|goals= 15
|ongoing=yes
|matches= 7
|updated= 2026-yil 7-aprel

|2 goals=

* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ruslan Qalmagambetov]] ([[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral]])
* {{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Giorgi Pantsulaia]] ([[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muhammadyusuf Fayzullayev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])

|1 goals=

* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muharram Abelfazov]] ([[FarDU (Qarshi futbol klubi)|FarDU]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Mirjalol Qosimov (2002-yilda tugʻilgan futbolchi)|Mirjalol Qosimov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Elbek Otaqulov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Komiljon Tojiddinov]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Branimir Jočić]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} {{abbr|Ozodbek Odiljonov}} ([[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muzaffar Moʻminov]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Feruzbek Olimov]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muhammadali Abdurahmonov]] ([[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]])

}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Ikkinchi ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi mavsumlari}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli]]</text>
      <sha1>alhyd7osenddn0qs7ea3906c38il62b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988646</id>
      <parentid>5988645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:03:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Gol mualliflari */</comment>
      <origin>5988646</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12404" sha1="nlg9bbie0a4w8asuhxy44sphkr5n0jj" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox football league season
| image                      = [[Fayl:Photo 2024-02-13 13-09-35.jpg|300px]]
| caption                    = 
| competition                = [[Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]
| season                     = 2026-yil (mart-noyabr)
| winners                    = 
| promoted                   = 
| relegated                  = 
| matches                    = 
| total goals                = 
| league topscorer           = 
| biggest home win = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| biggest away win = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| highest scoring = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| lowest attendance ={{nowrap|}}
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason = [[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 07.01.2026
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Про лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) – [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan 2-divizion musobaqasi. Ikkinchi divizion klublari oʻrtasida oʻtkaziladigan 35-Oʻzbekiston chempionati&lt;ref&gt;[https://championat.asia/oz/news/pro-liga-2026-ishtirokchilari-organilmoqda Pro liga-2026 ishtirokchilari o'rganilmoqda]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Klublar ==
{{Location map+|Uzbekistan|width=400|float=right|caption=2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro-ligasidagi uy stadionlari|places={{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=41.31379  |long=69.26743  |label='''Tashkent''' |position=left}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=42.88635  |long=59.19362 |label=Jayxun}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=42.46667 |long=59.6 |label=Aral}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.37355 |long=71.79786 |label=FarDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=39.762443 |long=64.420935 |label=BuxDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=41.571624 |long=69.767568 |label=Gʻazalkent}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=39.905592 |long=66.261212 |label=Kattaqoʻrgʻon}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=38.858696 |long=65.808000 |label=Lochin}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.229943 |long=69.270608 |label=Metallurg}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=37.232069 |long=67.287604 |label=TerDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.376500 |long=70.825551 |label=Yaypan}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=38.618489 |long=66.259296 |label=Shoʻrtan}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |lat=40 |long=56 |label='''Toshkent&amp;nbsp;klublari:'''&lt;br&gt;Olimpik MobiUz&lt;br&gt;Paxtakor Farm&lt;br&gt;Respublika FA}}}}

=== Murabbiylar va homiylar ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Klub
!Murabbiy
!Joylashuv
!Stadion
!Klub homiysi
|-
|[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral Nukus]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Vadim Shodimatov]]
|[[Nukus]] 
|NOPSTTM
|
|-
|[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} 
|[[Buxoro]]
| 
|
|-
|[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Zayniddin Tojiyev]] 
|[[Gʻazalkent]] 
|Gʻazalkent stadioni
|
|-
|[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Eldor Moyliyev]]
|[[Qarshi]] 
|[[Geolog stadioni]]
|
|-
|[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|Jayxun]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Aybek Nurbayev]]
|[[Nukus]] 
|BOʻFA
|
|-
|[[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Farhod Nishonov]]
|[[Toshkent]] 
|[[Jar (sport majmuasi)|Jar stadioni]]
|
|-
|[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Shavkat Yusupov]]
|[[Fargʻona]] 
|FarDU
|
|-
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] 
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Yorqin Nazarov]] 
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] 
|Dinamo
|
|-
|[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]] 
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ilhom Moʻminjonov]] 
|[[Bekobod]] 
|[[Metallurg (Stadion, Bekobod)|Metallurg]]
|
|-
|[[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Bobur Abdurahmonov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|
|
|-
|[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Jamoliddin Rahmatullayev]]
|[[Toshkent]] 
|
|
|-
|[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Asror Aliqulov]] 
|[[Gʻuzor]] 
|[[Gʻuzor stadioni|Gʻuzor]]
|
|-
|[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Eldor Boymatov]]
|[[Termiz]] 
|
|
|-
|[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Rashid Gʻofurov]]
|[[Yaypan]]
|
|
|}

== Chet ellik futbolchilar ==
{{main article|O‘zbekistonda to‘p surgan xorijlik futbolchilar}}{{Yana qarang|2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston futboli transferlari roʻyxati}}

'''Qalin:''' oʻz terma jamoasi uchun oʻynagan futbolchilar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
!№
!Klub
!Futbolchi 1
!Futbolchi 2
!Futbolchi 3
!Futbolchi 4
!Futbolchi 5
!Futbolchi 6
|-
|1
|[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral]]
|{{Flagicon|TKM}} [[Vepa Jumayev]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Mark Krasnov]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|2
|[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|3
|[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|4
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]]
|{{Flagicon|SLO}} [[Almin Kurtović]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Giorgi Pantsulaia]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Isac Martins Silva]]
|{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Francis Narh]]
|
|
|-
|5
|[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|6
|[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]
|{{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Branimir Jočić]]
|{{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Vladimir Bubanja]]
|{{Flagicon|MNE}} [[Armin Bošnjak]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Maxuel Cássio]]
|
|
|-
|7
|[[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|8
|[[Paxtakor-2|Paxtakor Farm]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Stepan Suslov]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|9
|[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|QMU Jayxun]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|10
|[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|11
|[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|12
|[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|13
|[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Ivan Korshunov]] 
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Timofey Postnikov]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladislav Nabatov]]
|{{Flagicon|UKR}} [[Ivan Podtinniy]]
|
|
|-
|14
|[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Beka Xarshiladze]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Levan Barabadze]]
|{{Flagicon|BLR}} [[Roman Vegerya]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Yuriy Klochkov]]
|{{Flagicon|CIV}} [[Muhamed Olawale]]
|
|}
== Turnir jadvali ==
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz OʻzPFL]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  GAZ, LOC, MET, KAT, ARA, SHU, FAR, YAY, PAX, MOB, RES, JAY, TER, BUX, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO |result3=PO |result4=PO |result5=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;

|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_ARA=1 |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA=2 |ga_ARA=1 &lt;!-- Aral --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX=1 |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX=3 &lt;!-- BuxDU --&gt;
|win_FAR=1 |draw_FAR= |loss_FAR= |gf_FAR=1 |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- FarDU--&gt;
|win_JAY= |draw_JAY= |loss_JAY=1 |gf_JAY= |ga_JAY=2 &lt;!-- Jayxun --&gt;
|win_KAT=1 |draw_KAT= |loss_KAT= |gf_KAT=2 |ga_KAT= &lt;!-- Kattaqoʻrgʻon --&gt;
|win_LOC=1 |draw_LOC=1 |loss_LOC= |gf_LOC=3 |ga_LOC=1 &lt;!-- Lochin --&gt;
|win_MET=1 |draw_MET=1 |loss_MET= |gf_MET=3 |ga_MET=2 &lt;!-- Metallurg --&gt;
|win_MOB= |draw_MOB=1 |loss_MOB=1 |gf_MOB=2 |ga_MOB=3 &lt;!-- Olimpik MobiUZ --&gt;
|win_PAX= |draw_PAX=1 |loss_PAX=1 |gf_PAX=1 |ga_PAX=2 &lt;!-- Paxtakor FM --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES=1 |loss_RES=1 |gf_RES=2 |ga_RES=3 &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_TER= |draw_TER= |loss_TER=2 |gf_TER=1 |ga_TER=4 &lt;!-- TerDU --&gt;
|win_YAY=1 |draw_YAY= |loss_YAY=1 |gf_YAY=3 |ga_YAY=3 &lt;!-- Yaypan--&gt;
|win_GAZ=1 |draw_GAZ=1 |loss_GAZ= |gf_GAZ=5 |ga_GAZ=2 &lt;!-- Gʻazalkent --&gt;
|win_SHU=1 |draw_SHU= |loss_SHU= |gf_SHU=1 |ga_SHU= &lt;!-- Shoʻrtan --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_ARA=[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral ]]
|name_BUX=[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|name_FAR=[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|name_JAY=[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|QMU Jayxun]]
|name_KAT=[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]]
|name_LOC=[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|name_MET=[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]
|name_MOB=[[Olimpik-Farm (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUZ]]
|name_PAX=[[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|name_TER=[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|name_YAY=[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|name_GAZ=[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|name_SHU=[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
}}

== Mavsum statistikasi ==

* '''Mavsumdagi ilk gol''': [[Muzaffar Moʻminov]] [[Yaypan]]nning „[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]“ klubi tarkibida „[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]“ klubiga qarshi oʻyinda urgan ('''2025-yil 5-aprel''').

=== Gol mualliflari ===
{{updated|2026-yil 11-aprel holatiga koʻra}} 

{{Goalscorers
|goals= 26
|ongoing=yes
|matches= 11
|updated= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|2 goals=

* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ruslan Qalmagambetov]] ([[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral]])
* {{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Giorgi Pantsulaia]] ([[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muhammadyusuf Fayzullayev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])

|1 goals=

* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muharram Abelfazov]] ([[FarDU (Qarshi futbol klubi)|FarDU]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Mirjalol Qosimov (2002-yilda tugʻilgan futbolchi)|Mirjalol Qosimov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Sherali Rasulov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Elbek Otaqulov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Komiljon Tojiddinov]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Branimir Jočić]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Azim Ahmedov]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Qodirbek Mamasov]] ([[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} {{abbr|Ozodbek Odiljonov}} ([[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Abdulvosid Soliyev]] ([[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Firdavs Umaraliyev]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muslim Habibullayev]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muzaffar Moʻminov]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Feruzbek Olimov]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Diyorbek Tojiyev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ozodbek Ibodullayev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muhammadali Abdurahmonov]] ([[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Shahzod Bozorov]] ([[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Joʻrabek Joʻrayev]] ([[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Abdugʻafur Haydarov]] ([[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]])

}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Ikkinchi ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi mavsumlari}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli]]</text>
      <sha1>nlg9bbie0a4w8asuhxy44sphkr5n0jj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988656</id>
      <parentid>5988646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:11:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Chet ellik futbolchilar */</comment>
      <origin>5988656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12366" sha1="dxbuvky2skl7vk0f8kgu0dofcjimh0n" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox football league season
| image                      = [[Fayl:Photo 2024-02-13 13-09-35.jpg|300px]]
| caption                    = 
| competition                = [[Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]
| season                     = 2026-yil (mart-noyabr)
| winners                    = 
| promoted                   = 
| relegated                  = 
| matches                    = 
| total goals                = 
| league topscorer           = 
| biggest home win = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| biggest away win = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| highest scoring = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance = {{nowrap|}} &lt;br /&gt; {{small|}}
| lowest attendance ={{nowrap|}}
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason = [[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 07.01.2026
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Про лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) – [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan 2-divizion musobaqasi. Ikkinchi divizion klublari oʻrtasida oʻtkaziladigan 35-Oʻzbekiston chempionati&lt;ref&gt;[https://championat.asia/oz/news/pro-liga-2026-ishtirokchilari-organilmoqda Pro liga-2026 ishtirokchilari o'rganilmoqda]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Klublar ==
{{Location map+|Uzbekistan|width=400|float=right|caption=2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro-ligasidagi uy stadionlari|places={{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=41.31379  |long=69.26743  |label='''Tashkent''' |position=left}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=42.88635  |long=59.19362 |label=Jayxun}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=42.46667 |long=59.6 |label=Aral}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.37355 |long=71.79786 |label=FarDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=39.762443 |long=64.420935 |label=BuxDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=41.571624 |long=69.767568 |label=Gʻazalkent}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=39.905592 |long=66.261212 |label=Kattaqoʻrgʻon}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=38.858696 |long=65.808000 |label=Lochin}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.229943 |long=69.270608 |label=Metallurg}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=37.232069 |long=67.287604 |label=TerDU}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=40.376500 |long=70.825551 |label=Yaypan}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |lat=38.618489 |long=66.259296 |label=Shoʻrtan}}
 {{Location map~ |Uzbekistan |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |lat=40 |long=56 |label='''Toshkent&amp;nbsp;klublari:'''&lt;br&gt;Olimpik MobiUz&lt;br&gt;Paxtakor Farm&lt;br&gt;Respublika FA}}}}

=== Murabbiylar va homiylar ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Klub
!Murabbiy
!Joylashuv
!Stadion
!Klub homiysi
|-
|[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral Nukus]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Vadim Shodimatov]]
|[[Nukus]] 
|NOPSTTM
|
|-
|[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} 
|[[Buxoro]]
| 
|
|-
|[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Zayniddin Tojiyev]] 
|[[Gʻazalkent]] 
|Gʻazalkent stadioni
|
|-
|[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Eldor Moyliyev]]
|[[Qarshi]] 
|[[Geolog stadioni]]
|
|-
|[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|Jayxun]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Aybek Nurbayev]]
|[[Nukus]] 
|BOʻFA
|
|-
|[[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Farhod Nishonov]]
|[[Toshkent]] 
|[[Jar (sport majmuasi)|Jar stadioni]]
|
|-
|[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Shavkat Yusupov]]
|[[Fargʻona]] 
|FarDU
|
|-
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] 
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Yorqin Nazarov]] 
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon]] 
|Dinamo
|
|-
|[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]] 
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ilhom Moʻminjonov]] 
|[[Bekobod]] 
|[[Metallurg (Stadion, Bekobod)|Metallurg]]
|
|-
|[[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Bobur Abdurahmonov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|
|
|-
|[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Jamoliddin Rahmatullayev]]
|[[Toshkent]] 
|
|
|-
|[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Asror Aliqulov]] 
|[[Gʻuzor]] 
|[[Gʻuzor stadioni|Gʻuzor]]
|
|-
|[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Eldor Boymatov]]
|[[Termiz]] 
|
|
|-
|[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|{{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Rashid Gʻofurov]]
|[[Yaypan]]
|
|
|}

== Chet ellik futbolchilar ==
{{main article|O‘zbekistonda to‘p surgan xorijlik futbolchilar}}{{Yana qarang|2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston futboli transferlari roʻyxati}}

'''Qalin:''' oʻz terma jamoasi uchun oʻynagan futbolchilar.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
!№
!Klub
!Futbolchi 1
!Futbolchi 2
!Futbolchi 3
!Futbolchi 4
!Futbolchi 5
!Futbolchi 6
|-
|1
|[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral]]
|{{Flagicon|TKM}} [[Vepa Jumayev]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Mark Krasnov]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|2
|[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|3
|[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|4
|[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]]
|{{Flagicon|SLO}} [[Almin Kurtović]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Giorgi Pantsulaia]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Isac Martins Silva]]
|{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Francis Narh]]
|
|
|-
|5
|[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|6
|[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]
|{{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Branimir Jočić]]
|{{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Vladimir Bubanja]]
|{{Flagicon|MNE}} [[Armin Bošnjak]]
|{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Maxuel Cássio]]
|
|
|-
|7
|[[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|8
|[[Paxtakor-2|Paxtakor Farm]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Stepan Suslov]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|9
|[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|QMU Jayxun]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|10
|[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|11
|[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|12
|[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|13
|[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Ivan Korshunov]] 
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Timofey Postnikov]]
|{{Flagicon|UKR}} [[Ivan Podtinniy]]
|
|
|
|-
|14
|[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Beka Xarshiladze]]
|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Levan Barabadze]]
|{{Flagicon|BLR}} [[Roman Vegerya]]
|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Yuriy Klochkov]]
|{{Flagicon|CIV}} [[Muhamed Olawale]]
|
|}
== Turnir jadvali ==
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz OʻzPFL]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  GAZ, LOC, MET, KAT, ARA, SHU, FAR, YAY, PAX, MOB, RES, JAY, TER, BUX, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO |result3=PO |result4=PO |result5=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;

|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_ARA=1 |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA=2 |ga_ARA=1 &lt;!-- Aral --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX=1 |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX=3 &lt;!-- BuxDU --&gt;
|win_FAR=1 |draw_FAR= |loss_FAR= |gf_FAR=1 |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- FarDU--&gt;
|win_JAY= |draw_JAY= |loss_JAY=1 |gf_JAY= |ga_JAY=2 &lt;!-- Jayxun --&gt;
|win_KAT=1 |draw_KAT= |loss_KAT= |gf_KAT=2 |ga_KAT= &lt;!-- Kattaqoʻrgʻon --&gt;
|win_LOC=1 |draw_LOC=1 |loss_LOC= |gf_LOC=3 |ga_LOC=1 &lt;!-- Lochin --&gt;
|win_MET=1 |draw_MET=1 |loss_MET= |gf_MET=3 |ga_MET=2 &lt;!-- Metallurg --&gt;
|win_MOB= |draw_MOB=1 |loss_MOB=1 |gf_MOB=2 |ga_MOB=3 &lt;!-- Olimpik MobiUZ --&gt;
|win_PAX= |draw_PAX=1 |loss_PAX=1 |gf_PAX=1 |ga_PAX=2 &lt;!-- Paxtakor FM --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES=1 |loss_RES=1 |gf_RES=2 |ga_RES=3 &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_TER= |draw_TER= |loss_TER=2 |gf_TER=1 |ga_TER=4 &lt;!-- TerDU --&gt;
|win_YAY=1 |draw_YAY= |loss_YAY=1 |gf_YAY=3 |ga_YAY=3 &lt;!-- Yaypan--&gt;
|win_GAZ=1 |draw_GAZ=1 |loss_GAZ= |gf_GAZ=5 |ga_GAZ=2 &lt;!-- Gʻazalkent --&gt;
|win_SHU=1 |draw_SHU= |loss_SHU= |gf_SHU=1 |ga_SHU= &lt;!-- Shoʻrtan --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_ARA=[[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral ]]
|name_BUX=[[BuxDU (futbol klubi)|BuxDU]]
|name_FAR=[[FarDU (futbol klubi)|FarDU]]
|name_JAY=[[Jayxun (futbol klubi)|QMU Jayxun]]
|name_KAT=[[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]]
|name_LOC=[[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]]
|name_MET=[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]
|name_MOB=[[Olimpik-Farm (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUZ]]
|name_PAX=[[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]]
|name_TER=[[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]]
|name_YAY=[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]
|name_GAZ=[[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]]
|name_SHU=[[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi|Pley off bosqichi]] ga koʻtarilish
}}

== Mavsum statistikasi ==

* '''Mavsumdagi ilk gol''': [[Muzaffar Moʻminov]] [[Yaypan]]nning „[[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]]“ klubi tarkibida „[[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]]“ klubiga qarshi oʻyinda urgan ('''2025-yil 5-aprel''').

=== Gol mualliflari ===
{{updated|2026-yil 11-aprel holatiga koʻra}} 

{{Goalscorers
|goals= 26
|ongoing=yes
|matches= 11
|updated= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|2 goals=

* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ruslan Qalmagambetov]] ([[Aral (futbol klubi, Nukus)|Aral]])
* {{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Giorgi Pantsulaia]] ([[Kattaqoʻrgʻon (futbol klubi)|Kattaqoʻrgʻon]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muhammadyusuf Fayzullayev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])

|1 goals=

* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muharram Abelfazov]] ([[FarDU (Qarshi futbol klubi)|FarDU]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Mirjalol Qosimov (2002-yilda tugʻilgan futbolchi)|Mirjalol Qosimov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Sherali Rasulov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Elbek Otaqulov]] ([[Lochin (Qarshi futbol klubi)|Lochin]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Komiljon Tojiddinov]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|SRB}} [[Branimir Jočić]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Azim Ahmedov]] ([[Metallurg Bekobod|Metallurg]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Qodirbek Mamasov]] ([[Paxtakor FM (futbol klubi)|Paxtakor FM]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} {{abbr|Ozodbek Odiljonov}} ([[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Abdulvosid Soliyev]] ([[Respublika FA (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Firdavs Umaraliyev]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muslim Habibullayev]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muzaffar Moʻminov]] ([[Yaypan (futbol klubi)|Yaypan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Feruzbek Olimov]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Diyorbek Tojiyev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Ozodbek Ibodullayev]] ([[Gʻazalkent (futbol klubi)|Gʻazalkent]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Muhammadali Abdurahmonov]] ([[Shoʻrtan (futbol klubi)|Shoʻrtan]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Shahzod Bozorov]] ([[TerDU (futbol klubi)|TerDU]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Joʻrabek Joʻrayev]] ([[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]])
* {{Flagicon|UZB}} [[Abdugʻafur Haydarov]] ([[Olimpik MobiUz (futbol klubi)|Olimpik MobiUz]])

}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Ikkinchi ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi mavsumlari}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi}}

[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli]]</text>
      <sha1>dxbuvky2skl7vk0f8kgu0dofcjimh0n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1342500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988761</id>
      <parentid>5903622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:12:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-20262-76</username>
        <id>256000</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988761</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2654" sha1="oub8s3wnijtm6mmbzazi37i22f61c5w" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name = Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi
|title= [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi&lt;/span&gt;]]
|state = &lt;includeonly&gt;{{{state|collapsed}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
|listclass = hlist
|basestyle = background:#00B5E2; color: white; {{box-shadow border|a|#EF3340|2px}};

|group1 = Asosiy
|list1 =
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi#Tarix|Tarix]]
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi#Murabbiylar|Bosh murabbiylar]]

|group2 = Stadionlar
|list2 =
* [[Boku Olimpiya stadioni]]
* [[Tofiq Bahromov stadioni]]

|group3 = Oʻyinlar / Natijalar
|list3 =
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi natijalari|Xulosa]]
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi natijalari (1990-yillar)|1990-yillar]]
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi natijalari (2000-yillar)|2000-yillar]]
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi natijalari (2010-yillar)|2010-yillar]]
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi natijalari (2020-yillar)|2020-yillar]]

|group4 = Futbolchilar
|list4 =
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy terma jamoasi futbolchilari roʻyxati|25+ oʻyin oʻtkazganlar]]
* [[:Turkum:Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi erkak futbolchilari|Xalqaro futbolchilar]]

&lt;!---
|group6 = FIFA Jahon chempionati
|list6 =
* Xulosa
* Final turnirlari
* {{Gray|1998}}
* {{Gray|2002}}
*{{Gray|2006}}
* '{{Gray|2010}}
* {{Gray|2014}}
*{{Gray|2018}}

|group7 = UEFA Yevropa chempionati
|list7 =
* Xulosa
* Final turnirlari
* {{Gray|1996}}
*{{Gray|2000}}
*{{Gray|2004}}
* {{Gray|2008}}
* {{Gray|2012}}
* {{Gray|2016}}
* {{Gray|2020}}
---&gt;

|group8 = Boshqa turnirlar
|list8 =
*[[Futbol boyicha Islom birdamligi oʻyinlari|Islom birdamligi oʻyinlari]]
*[[UEFA millatlar ligasi]] 
*[[IHT kubogi]]
*[[Malta xalqaro futbol turniri]]

|group9 = Mashhur oʻyinlar 
|list9 =
* [[Fransiya – Ozarbayjon (Futbol boyicha 1996-yilgi Yevropa chempionati saralash bosqichi)|Fransiya 10–0 Ozarbayjon]] (1995)

|group10 = Boshqa Ozarbayjon terma jamoalari
|list10 =
* [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi|Erkak]]
** [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi (21 yoshgacha)|U-21]]
** [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi (20 yoshgacha)|U-20]] 
** [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi (19 yoshgacha)|U-19]]
** [[Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasi (17 yoshgacha)|U-17]]
*  [[Ozarbayjon ayollar milliy futbol terma jamoasi|Ayol]] 
** [[Ozarbayjon ayollar milliy futbol terma jamoasi (19 yoshgacha)|U-19]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
[[Turkum:Ozarbayjon milliy futbol terma jamoasiga oid navigatsion andozalar| ]]
[[Turkum:Milliy futbol terma jamoalarga oid navigatsion andozalar]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oub8s3wnijtm6mmbzazi37i22f61c5w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1355878</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988657</id>
      <parentid>5968223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:20:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Sharqiy mintaqa */</comment>
      <origin>5988657</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11929" sha1="ogb40rlkgp6uesztb47fumnguqo1q3e" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox football league season
| image = 1 LIGA logo.png
| pixels = 
| caption = 
| competition = [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
| season = 2026-yil
| winners = 
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = 
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = 
| matches = 
| total goals = 
| league topscorer = 
| biggest home win = 
| biggest away win = 
| highest scoring = 
| longest wins = 
| longest unbeaten = 
| longest winless = 
| longest losses = 
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Биринчи лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) — [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan uchinchi divizion musobaqasining yettinchi mavsumi.

== Mavsum voqealari ==
Birinchi liganing 2026-yilgi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi. Birinchi liganing minimal talablarini lozim darajada bajara olmagan klublar —
„[[Bagʻdod (futbol klubi)|Bogʻdodchi]]“, „[[Qumqoʻrgʻon-1977|Qumqoʻrgʻon]]“, „[[Chigʻatoy (futbol klubi)|Chigʻatoy]]“, „[[Ishtixon (futbol klubi)|Ishtixon]]“, „[[Zamin (futbol klubi)|Zamin]]“ klublari faoliyatini [[Oʻzbekiston ikkinchi ligasi|hududiy ikkinchi liga]] musobaqalarida davom ettiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports24.uz/football/news/birinchi-liganing-yangi-mavsumida-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi/|title=Birinchi liganing yangi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://championat.asia/news/birinchi-ligada-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi-samarqanddan-3-ta-klub|title=Birinchi ligada 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi: Samarqanddan 3 ta klub}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Klub
!Shahar (tuman)
!Viloyat (hudud)
!Stadion
!Bosh murabbiy
|-
|[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|[[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon]]
|[[Andijon viloyati]]
|Andijon FA stadioni
|[[Islom Ahmedov]]
|-
|[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Ahmedov FA stadioni
|[[Qahramon Mahamadjonov]]
|-
|[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|SamDU stadioni
|[[Andrey Pyatnitskiy]]
|-
|[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|[[Buxoro]]
|[[Buxoro viloyati]]
|Buxoro FA stadioni
|[[Abdurasul Rashidov]]
|-
|[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Bunyodkor FA stadioni
|[[Lutfulla Toʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA
|
|-
|[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Samugʻ Dadayev]]
|-
|[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|[[Fargʻona]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Fargʻona FA stadioni
|[[Hasanboy Ergashev]]
|-
|[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]]
|[[Guliston Stadioni|Guliston]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yangiyer (stadion)|Yangiyer]]
|Abbos Ergashboyev
|-
|[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|[[Qoʻqon]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Qoʻqon stadioni
|[[Samandar Meliboyev]]
|-
|[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|[[Jizzax (shahar)|Jizzax]]
|[[Jizzax viloyati]]
|Jizzax FA stadioni
|[[Iftixor Oʻrinov]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv FA stadioni
|[[Sobir Usmonxoʻjayev]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Shahboz Tojiyev]]
|-
|[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|[[Karmana]]
|[[Navoiy viloyati]]
|Navoiy FA stadioni
|[[Timur Sultonov]]
|-
|[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf FM]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Nasaf FA stadioni
|[[Denis Kayumov]]
|-
|[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|[[Chilonzor tumani]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Oqtepa stadioni
|[[Server Jeparov]]
|-
|[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|[[Angren]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Angren stadioni
|[[Rinat Miftaxutdinov]]
|-
|[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Qashqadaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|Nukus
|[[Qoraqalpogʻiston]]
|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Respublika FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]] [[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|viloyati]]
|Sirdaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|Termiz
|[[Surxondaryo viloyati]]
|Surxondaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|[[Quvasoy]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|[[Sementchi stadioni (Quvasoy)|Sementchi stadioni]]
|[[Murod Ismoilov|Murodbek Ismoilov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Toshkent FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|[[Yangiyoʻl]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Toshkent VFA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]
|[[Urganch]]
|[[Xorazm viloyati]]
|Xorazm FA
|
|-
|[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA
|[[Feruzbek Mahmudjonov]]
|}

== Natijalar jadvali ==
=== Gʻarbiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  ARA, BUX, NAV, SUR, NAS, QAS, XOR,  

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 26-mart

|win_ARA= |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA= |ga_ARA= &lt;!-- Aral akademiya --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX= |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX= &lt;!-- Buxoro FA --&gt;
|win_NAS= |draw_NAS= |loss_NAS= |gf_NAS= |ga_NAS= &lt;!-- Nasaf Farm --&gt;
|win_NAV= |draw_NAV= |loss_NAV= |gf_NAV= |ga_NAV= &lt;!-- Navoiy FA --&gt;
|win_QAS= |draw_QAS= |loss_QAS= |gf_QAS= |ga_QAS= &lt;!-- Qashqadaryo FA --&gt;
|win_SUR= |draw_SUR= |loss_SUR= |gf_SUR= |ga_SUR= &lt;!-- Surxondaryo FA --&gt;
|win_XOR= |draw_XOR= |loss_XOR= |gf_XOR= |ga_XOR= &lt;!-- Xorazm FA --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_BUX=[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|name_NAS=[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf Farm]]
|name_NAV=[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|name_QAS=[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|name_SUR=[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|name_ARA=[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Aral akademiya]]
|name_XOR=[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Sharqiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  SEM, DOS, AND, FAR, HAV, NAM, OKM, TOS, LOK, BAR, 
&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AND=  |draw_AND=  |loss_AND=  |gf_AND= |ga_AND= &lt;!-- Andijon FA --&gt;
|win_BAR=  |draw_BAR=  |loss_BAR=1 |gf_BAR=2 |ga_BAR=6 &lt;!-- Barkamol--&gt;
|win_DOS=1 |draw_DOS=  |loss_DOS=  |gf_DOS=3 |ga_DOS=2 &lt;!-- Doʻstlik --&gt;
|win_FAR=  |draw_FAR=  |loss_FAR=  |gf_FAR= |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- Fargʻona FA --&gt;
|win_HAV=  |draw_HAV=  |loss_HAV=  |gf_HAV= |ga_HAV= &lt;!-- Navbahor Farm --&gt;
|win_LOK=  |draw_LOK=  |loss_LOK=1 |gf_LOK=2 |ga_LOK=3 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv Farm --&gt;
|win_NAM=  |draw_NAM=  |loss_NAM=  |gf_NAM= |ga_NAM= &lt;!-- Namangan FA --&gt;
|win_OKM=  |draw_OKM=  |loss_OKM=  |gf_OKM= |ga_OKM= &lt;!-- OKMK Semurgʻ --&gt;
|win_SEM=1 |draw_SEM=  |loss_SEM=  |gf_SEM=6 |ga_SEM=2 &lt;!-- Sementchi --&gt;
|win_TOS=  |draw_TOS=  |loss_TOS=  |gf_TOS= |ga_TOS= &lt;!-- Toshkent FA --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AND=[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|name_BAR=[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|name_DOS=[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|name_HAV=[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|name_FAR=[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|name_LOK=[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|name_NAM=[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|name_OKM=[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|name_SEM=[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Markaziy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  GUL, SIR, TOS, JIZ

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 26-mart

|win_GUL= |draw_GUL= |loss_GUL= |gf_GUL= |ga_GUL= &lt;!-- Guliston --&gt;
|win_JIZ=  |draw_JIZ= |loss_JIZ= |gf_JIZ= |ga_JIZ= &lt;!-- Jizzax FA --&gt;
|win_SIR= |draw_SIR= |loss_SIR= |gf_SIR= |ga_SIR= &lt;!-- Sirdaryo FA --&gt;
|win_TOS= |draw_TOS= |loss_TOS= |gf_TOS= |ga_TOS= &lt;!-- Toshkent VFA --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_GUL=[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|name_SIR=[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|name_JIZ=[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}


== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Kubogi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Telegram|uzpfl}}
* {{Instagram|uzpfl}}
* {{Facebook|pfluzb}}
* {{Twitter|pfl_uz}}
* {{Youtube channel|@uzbekistanpfl}}
* {{TikTok|uzpfl}}
* [https://uz.linkedin.com/company/uzpfl Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // LinkedIn]
* [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQGMYzDOQIUAYZwTu2P Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // WhatsApp]

{{2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi mavsumlari}}
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli|Birinchi liga]]</text>
      <sha1>ogb40rlkgp6uesztb47fumnguqo1q3e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988665</id>
      <parentid>5988657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:32:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Markaziy mintaqa */</comment>
      <origin>5988665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12648" sha1="hnqyr95bn2nfnjf55m5ow9rhy2io0q9" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox football league season
| image = 1 LIGA logo.png
| pixels = 
| caption = 
| competition = [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
| season = 2026-yil
| winners = 
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = 
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = 
| matches = 
| total goals = 
| league topscorer = 
| biggest home win = 
| biggest away win = 
| highest scoring = 
| longest wins = 
| longest unbeaten = 
| longest winless = 
| longest losses = 
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Биринчи лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) — [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan uchinchi divizion musobaqasining yettinchi mavsumi.

== Mavsum voqealari ==
Birinchi liganing 2026-yilgi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi. Birinchi liganing minimal talablarini lozim darajada bajara olmagan klublar —
„[[Bagʻdod (futbol klubi)|Bogʻdodchi]]“, „[[Qumqoʻrgʻon-1977|Qumqoʻrgʻon]]“, „[[Chigʻatoy (futbol klubi)|Chigʻatoy]]“, „[[Ishtixon (futbol klubi)|Ishtixon]]“, „[[Zamin (futbol klubi)|Zamin]]“ klublari faoliyatini [[Oʻzbekiston ikkinchi ligasi|hududiy ikkinchi liga]] musobaqalarida davom ettiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports24.uz/football/news/birinchi-liganing-yangi-mavsumida-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi/|title=Birinchi liganing yangi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://championat.asia/news/birinchi-ligada-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi-samarqanddan-3-ta-klub|title=Birinchi ligada 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi: Samarqanddan 3 ta klub}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Klub
!Shahar (tuman)
!Viloyat (hudud)
!Stadion
!Bosh murabbiy
|-
|[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|[[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon]]
|[[Andijon viloyati]]
|Andijon FA stadioni
|[[Islom Ahmedov]]
|-
|[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Ahmedov FA stadioni
|[[Qahramon Mahamadjonov]]
|-
|[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|SamDU stadioni
|[[Andrey Pyatnitskiy]]
|-
|[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|[[Buxoro]]
|[[Buxoro viloyati]]
|Buxoro FA stadioni
|[[Abdurasul Rashidov]]
|-
|[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Bunyodkor FA stadioni
|[[Lutfulla Toʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA
|
|-
|[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Samugʻ Dadayev]]
|-
|[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|[[Fargʻona]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Fargʻona FA stadioni
|[[Hasanboy Ergashev]]
|-
|[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]]
|[[Guliston Stadioni|Guliston]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yangiyer (stadion)|Yangiyer]]
|Abbos Ergashboyev
|-
|[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|[[Qoʻqon]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Qoʻqon stadioni
|[[Samandar Meliboyev]]
|-
|[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|[[Jizzax (shahar)|Jizzax]]
|[[Jizzax viloyati]]
|Jizzax FA stadioni
|[[Iftixor Oʻrinov]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv FA stadioni
|[[Sobir Usmonxoʻjayev]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Shahboz Tojiyev]]
|-
|[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|[[Karmana]]
|[[Navoiy viloyati]]
|Navoiy FA stadioni
|[[Timur Sultonov]]
|-
|[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf FM]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Nasaf FA stadioni
|[[Denis Kayumov]]
|-
|[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|[[Chilonzor tumani]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Oqtepa stadioni
|[[Server Jeparov]]
|-
|[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|[[Angren]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Angren stadioni
|[[Rinat Miftaxutdinov]]
|-
|[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Qashqadaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|Nukus
|[[Qoraqalpogʻiston]]
|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Respublika FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]] [[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|viloyati]]
|Sirdaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|Termiz
|[[Surxondaryo viloyati]]
|Surxondaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|[[Quvasoy]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|[[Sementchi stadioni (Quvasoy)|Sementchi stadioni]]
|[[Murod Ismoilov|Murodbek Ismoilov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Toshkent FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|[[Yangiyoʻl]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Toshkent VFA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]
|[[Urganch]]
|[[Xorazm viloyati]]
|Xorazm FA
|
|-
|[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA
|[[Feruzbek Mahmudjonov]]
|}

== Natijalar jadvali ==
=== Gʻarbiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  ARA, BUX, NAV, SUR, NAS, QAS, XOR,  

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 26-mart

|win_ARA= |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA= |ga_ARA= &lt;!-- Aral akademiya --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX= |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX= &lt;!-- Buxoro FA --&gt;
|win_NAS= |draw_NAS= |loss_NAS= |gf_NAS= |ga_NAS= &lt;!-- Nasaf Farm --&gt;
|win_NAV= |draw_NAV= |loss_NAV= |gf_NAV= |ga_NAV= &lt;!-- Navoiy FA --&gt;
|win_QAS= |draw_QAS= |loss_QAS= |gf_QAS= |ga_QAS= &lt;!-- Qashqadaryo FA --&gt;
|win_SUR= |draw_SUR= |loss_SUR= |gf_SUR= |ga_SUR= &lt;!-- Surxondaryo FA --&gt;
|win_XOR= |draw_XOR= |loss_XOR= |gf_XOR= |ga_XOR= &lt;!-- Xorazm FA --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_BUX=[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|name_NAS=[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf Farm]]
|name_NAV=[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|name_QAS=[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|name_SUR=[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|name_ARA=[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Aral akademiya]]
|name_XOR=[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Sharqiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  SEM, DOS, AND, FAR, HAV, NAM, OKM, TOS, LOK, BAR, 
&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AND=  |draw_AND=  |loss_AND=  |gf_AND= |ga_AND= &lt;!-- Andijon FA --&gt;
|win_BAR=  |draw_BAR=  |loss_BAR=1 |gf_BAR=2 |ga_BAR=6 &lt;!-- Barkamol--&gt;
|win_DOS=1 |draw_DOS=  |loss_DOS=  |gf_DOS=3 |ga_DOS=2 &lt;!-- Doʻstlik --&gt;
|win_FAR=  |draw_FAR=  |loss_FAR=  |gf_FAR= |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- Fargʻona FA --&gt;
|win_HAV=  |draw_HAV=  |loss_HAV=  |gf_HAV= |ga_HAV= &lt;!-- Navbahor Farm --&gt;
|win_LOK=  |draw_LOK=  |loss_LOK=1 |gf_LOK=2 |ga_LOK=3 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv Farm --&gt;
|win_NAM=  |draw_NAM=  |loss_NAM=  |gf_NAM= |ga_NAM= &lt;!-- Namangan FA --&gt;
|win_OKM=  |draw_OKM=  |loss_OKM=  |gf_OKM= |ga_OKM= &lt;!-- OKMK Semurgʻ --&gt;
|win_SEM=1 |draw_SEM=  |loss_SEM=  |gf_SEM=6 |ga_SEM=2 &lt;!-- Sementchi --&gt;
|win_TOS=  |draw_TOS=  |loss_TOS=  |gf_TOS= |ga_TOS= &lt;!-- Toshkent FA --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AND=[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|name_BAR=[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|name_DOS=[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|name_HAV=[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|name_FAR=[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|name_LOK=[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|name_NAM=[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|name_OKM=[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|name_SEM=[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Markaziy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  LBF, BUN, AHM, GUL, JIZ, OQT, RES, SHE, SIR, TOS, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AHM= |draw_AHM= |loss_AHM= |gf_AHM= |ga_AHM= &lt;!-- Ahmedov --&gt;
|win_BUN=1 |draw_BUN= |loss_BUN= |gf_BUN=3 |ga_BUN= &lt;!-- Bunyodkor --&gt;
|win_GUL= |draw_GUL= |loss_GUL= |gf_GUL= |ga_GUL= &lt;!-- Guliston --&gt;
|win_JIZ= |draw_JIZ= |loss_JIZ= |gf_JIZ= |ga_JIZ= &lt;!-- Jizzax FA --&gt;
|win_LBF=1 |draw_LBF= |loss_LBF= |gf_LBF=6 |ga_LBF=1 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv BFK --&gt;
|win_OQT= |draw_OQT= |loss_OQT= |gf_OQT= |ga_OQT= &lt;!-- Oqtepa --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES= |loss_RES= |gf_RES= |ga_RES= &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_SIR= |draw_SIR= |loss_SIR=1 |gf_SIR=0 |ga_SIR=3 &lt;!-- Sirdaryo FA --&gt;
|win_TOS= |draw_TOS= |loss_TOS=1 |gf_TOS=1 |ga_TOS=6 &lt;!-- Toshkent VFA --&gt;
|win_SHE= |draw_SHE= |loss_SHE= |gf_SHE= |ga_SHE= &lt;!-- Sherdor --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;

|name_AHM=[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|name_BUN=[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FJ]]
|name_GUL=[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|name_JIZ=[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|name_LBF=[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|name_OQT=[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|name_SIR=[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|name_SHE=[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Kubogi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Telegram|uzpfl}}
* {{Instagram|uzpfl}}
* {{Facebook|pfluzb}}
* {{Twitter|pfl_uz}}
* {{Youtube channel|@uzbekistanpfl}}
* {{TikTok|uzpfl}}
* [https://uz.linkedin.com/company/uzpfl Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // LinkedIn]
* [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQGMYzDOQIUAYZwTu2P Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // WhatsApp]

{{2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi mavsumlari}}
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli|Birinchi liga]]</text>
      <sha1>hnqyr95bn2nfnjf55m5ow9rhy2io0q9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988677</id>
      <parentid>5988665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:41:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Gʻarbiy mintaqa */</comment>
      <origin>5988677</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12917" sha1="2sn33ajw1vg8b6srsc5xchxl8q4a1id" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox football league season
| image = 1 LIGA logo.png
| pixels = 
| caption = 
| competition = [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
| season = 2026-yil
| winners = 
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = 
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = 
| matches = 
| total goals = 
| league topscorer = 
| biggest home win = 
| biggest away win = 
| highest scoring = 
| longest wins = 
| longest unbeaten = 
| longest winless = 
| longest losses = 
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Биринчи лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) — [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan uchinchi divizion musobaqasining yettinchi mavsumi.

== Mavsum voqealari ==
Birinchi liganing 2026-yilgi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi. Birinchi liganing minimal talablarini lozim darajada bajara olmagan klublar —
„[[Bagʻdod (futbol klubi)|Bogʻdodchi]]“, „[[Qumqoʻrgʻon-1977|Qumqoʻrgʻon]]“, „[[Chigʻatoy (futbol klubi)|Chigʻatoy]]“, „[[Ishtixon (futbol klubi)|Ishtixon]]“, „[[Zamin (futbol klubi)|Zamin]]“ klublari faoliyatini [[Oʻzbekiston ikkinchi ligasi|hududiy ikkinchi liga]] musobaqalarida davom ettiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports24.uz/football/news/birinchi-liganing-yangi-mavsumida-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi/|title=Birinchi liganing yangi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://championat.asia/news/birinchi-ligada-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi-samarqanddan-3-ta-klub|title=Birinchi ligada 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi: Samarqanddan 3 ta klub}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Klub
!Shahar (tuman)
!Viloyat (hudud)
!Stadion
!Bosh murabbiy
|-
|[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|[[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon]]
|[[Andijon viloyati]]
|Andijon FA stadioni
|[[Islom Ahmedov]]
|-
|[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Ahmedov FA stadioni
|[[Qahramon Mahamadjonov]]
|-
|[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|SamDU stadioni
|[[Andrey Pyatnitskiy]]
|-
|[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|[[Buxoro]]
|[[Buxoro viloyati]]
|Buxoro FA stadioni
|[[Abdurasul Rashidov]]
|-
|[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Bunyodkor FA stadioni
|[[Lutfulla Toʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA
|
|-
|[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Samugʻ Dadayev]]
|-
|[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|[[Fargʻona]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Fargʻona FA stadioni
|[[Hasanboy Ergashev]]
|-
|[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]]
|[[Guliston Stadioni|Guliston]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yangiyer (stadion)|Yangiyer]]
|Abbos Ergashboyev
|-
|[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|[[Qoʻqon]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Qoʻqon stadioni
|[[Samandar Meliboyev]]
|-
|[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|[[Jizzax (shahar)|Jizzax]]
|[[Jizzax viloyati]]
|Jizzax FA stadioni
|[[Iftixor Oʻrinov]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv FA stadioni
|[[Sobir Usmonxoʻjayev]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Shahboz Tojiyev]]
|-
|[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|[[Karmana]]
|[[Navoiy viloyati]]
|Navoiy FA stadioni
|[[Timur Sultonov]]
|-
|[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf FM]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Nasaf FA stadioni
|[[Denis Kayumov]]
|-
|[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|[[Chilonzor tumani]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Oqtepa stadioni
|[[Server Jeparov]]
|-
|[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|[[Angren]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Angren stadioni
|[[Rinat Miftaxutdinov]]
|-
|[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Qashqadaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|Nukus
|[[Qoraqalpogʻiston]]
|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Respublika FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]] [[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|viloyati]]
|Sirdaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|Termiz
|[[Surxondaryo viloyati]]
|Surxondaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|[[Quvasoy]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|[[Sementchi stadioni (Quvasoy)|Sementchi stadioni]]
|[[Murod Ismoilov|Murodbek Ismoilov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Toshkent FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|[[Yangiyoʻl]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Toshkent VFA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]
|[[Urganch]]
|[[Xorazm viloyati]]
|Xorazm FA
|
|-
|[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA
|[[Feruzbek Mahmudjonov]]
|}

== Natijalar jadvali ==
=== Gʻarbiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  AZU, BUX, NAV, NAS, QAS, ARA, SAM, SUR, XOR,  

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_ARA= |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA= |ga_ARA= &lt;!-- Qoraqalpogʻiston FA --&gt;
|win_AZU= |draw_AZU= |loss_AZU= |gf_AZU= |ga_AZU= &lt;!-- Aral akademiya --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX= |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX= &lt;!-- Buxoro FA --&gt;
|win_NAS= |draw_NAS= |loss_NAS= |gf_NAS= |ga_NAS= &lt;!-- Nasaf Farm --&gt;
|win_NAV= |draw_NAV= |loss_NAV= |gf_NAV= |ga_NAV= &lt;!-- Navoiy FA --&gt;
|win_QAS= |draw_QAS= |loss_QAS= |gf_QAS= |ga_QAS= &lt;!-- Qashqadaryo FA --&gt;
|win_SAM= |draw_SAM= |loss_SAM= |gf_SAM= |ga_SAM= &lt;!-- Samarqand FA --&gt;
|win_SUR= |draw_SUR= |loss_SUR= |gf_SUR= |ga_SUR= &lt;!-- Surxondaryo FA --&gt;
|win_XOR= |draw_XOR= |loss_XOR= |gf_XOR= |ga_XOR= &lt;!-- Xorazm FA --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AZU=[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|name_BUX=[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|name_NAS=[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf Farm]]
|name_NAV=[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|name_QAS=[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|name_ARA=[[Qoraqalpogʻiston FA (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|name_SAM=[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|name_SUR=[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|name_XOR=[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Sharqiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  SEM, DOS, AND, FAR, HAV, NAM, OKM, TOS, LOK, BAR, 
&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AND=  |draw_AND=  |loss_AND=  |gf_AND= |ga_AND= &lt;!-- Andijon FA --&gt;
|win_BAR=  |draw_BAR=  |loss_BAR=1 |gf_BAR=2 |ga_BAR=6 &lt;!-- Barkamol--&gt;
|win_DOS=1 |draw_DOS=  |loss_DOS=  |gf_DOS=3 |ga_DOS=2 &lt;!-- Doʻstlik --&gt;
|win_FAR=  |draw_FAR=  |loss_FAR=  |gf_FAR= |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- Fargʻona FA --&gt;
|win_HAV=  |draw_HAV=  |loss_HAV=  |gf_HAV= |ga_HAV= &lt;!-- Navbahor Farm --&gt;
|win_LOK=  |draw_LOK=  |loss_LOK=1 |gf_LOK=2 |ga_LOK=3 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv Farm --&gt;
|win_NAM=  |draw_NAM=  |loss_NAM=  |gf_NAM= |ga_NAM= &lt;!-- Namangan FA --&gt;
|win_OKM=  |draw_OKM=  |loss_OKM=  |gf_OKM= |ga_OKM= &lt;!-- OKMK Semurgʻ --&gt;
|win_SEM=1 |draw_SEM=  |loss_SEM=  |gf_SEM=6 |ga_SEM=2 &lt;!-- Sementchi --&gt;
|win_TOS=  |draw_TOS=  |loss_TOS=  |gf_TOS= |ga_TOS= &lt;!-- Toshkent FA --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AND=[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|name_BAR=[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|name_DOS=[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|name_HAV=[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|name_FAR=[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|name_LOK=[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|name_NAM=[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|name_OKM=[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|name_SEM=[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Markaziy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  LBF, BUN, AHM, GUL, JIZ, OQT, RES, SHE, SIR, TOS, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AHM= |draw_AHM= |loss_AHM= |gf_AHM= |ga_AHM= &lt;!-- Ahmedov --&gt;
|win_BUN=1 |draw_BUN= |loss_BUN= |gf_BUN=3 |ga_BUN= &lt;!-- Bunyodkor --&gt;
|win_GUL= |draw_GUL= |loss_GUL= |gf_GUL= |ga_GUL= &lt;!-- Guliston --&gt;
|win_JIZ= |draw_JIZ= |loss_JIZ= |gf_JIZ= |ga_JIZ= &lt;!-- Jizzax FA --&gt;
|win_LBF=1 |draw_LBF= |loss_LBF= |gf_LBF=6 |ga_LBF=1 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv BFK --&gt;
|win_OQT= |draw_OQT= |loss_OQT= |gf_OQT= |ga_OQT= &lt;!-- Oqtepa --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES= |loss_RES= |gf_RES= |ga_RES= &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_SIR= |draw_SIR= |loss_SIR=1 |gf_SIR=0 |ga_SIR=3 &lt;!-- Sirdaryo FA --&gt;
|win_TOS= |draw_TOS= |loss_TOS=1 |gf_TOS=1 |ga_TOS=6 &lt;!-- Toshkent VFA --&gt;
|win_SHE= |draw_SHE= |loss_SHE= |gf_SHE= |ga_SHE= &lt;!-- Sherdor --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;

|name_AHM=[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|name_BUN=[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FJ]]
|name_GUL=[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|name_JIZ=[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|name_LBF=[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|name_OQT=[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|name_SIR=[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|name_SHE=[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Kubogi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Telegram|uzpfl}}
* {{Instagram|uzpfl}}
* {{Facebook|pfluzb}}
* {{Twitter|pfl_uz}}
* {{Youtube channel|@uzbekistanpfl}}
* {{TikTok|uzpfl}}
* [https://uz.linkedin.com/company/uzpfl Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // LinkedIn]
* [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQGMYzDOQIUAYZwTu2P Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // WhatsApp]

{{2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi mavsumlari}}
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli|Birinchi liga]]</text>
      <sha1>2sn33ajw1vg8b6srsc5xchxl8q4a1id</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988679</id>
      <parentid>5988677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:49:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ishtirokchilar */</comment>
      <origin>5988679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13029" sha1="ogwwihsajhlcj0r0lj5oxjtcn6kpbyt" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox football league season
| image = 1 LIGA logo.png
| pixels = 
| caption = 
| competition = [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
| season = 2026-yil
| winners = 
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = 
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = 
| matches = 
| total goals = 
| league topscorer = 
| biggest home win = 
| biggest away win = 
| highest scoring = 
| longest wins = 
| longest unbeaten = 
| longest winless = 
| longest losses = 
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Биринчи лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) — [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan uchinchi divizion musobaqasining yettinchi mavsumi.

== Mavsum voqealari ==
Birinchi liganing 2026-yilgi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi. Birinchi liganing minimal talablarini lozim darajada bajara olmagan klublar —
„[[Bagʻdod (futbol klubi)|Bogʻdodchi]]“, „[[Qumqoʻrgʻon-1977|Qumqoʻrgʻon]]“, „[[Chigʻatoy (futbol klubi)|Chigʻatoy]]“, „[[Ishtixon (futbol klubi)|Ishtixon]]“, „[[Zamin (futbol klubi)|Zamin]]“ klublari faoliyatini [[Oʻzbekiston ikkinchi ligasi|hududiy ikkinchi liga]] musobaqalarida davom ettiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports24.uz/football/news/birinchi-liganing-yangi-mavsumida-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi/|title=Birinchi liganing yangi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://championat.asia/news/birinchi-ligada-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi-samarqanddan-3-ta-klub|title=Birinchi ligada 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi: Samarqanddan 3 ta klub}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Klub
!Shahar (tuman)
!Viloyat (hudud)
!Stadion
!Bosh murabbiy
|-
|[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|[[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon]]
|[[Andijon viloyati]]
|Andijon FA stadioni
|[[Islom Ahmedov]]
|-
|[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Ahmedov FA stadioni
|[[Qahramon Mahamadjonov]]
|-
|[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|SamDU stadioni
|[[Andrey Pyatnitskiy]]
|-
|[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|[[Buxoro]]
|[[Buxoro viloyati]]
|Buxoro FA stadioni
|[[Abdurasul Rashidov]]
|-
|[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Bunyodkor FA stadioni
|[[Lutfulla Toʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA
|Dilmurod Nizomboyev
|-
|[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Samugʻ Dadayev]]
|-
|[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|[[Fargʻona]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Fargʻona FA stadioni
|[[Hasanboy Ergashev]]
|-
|[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]]
|[[Guliston Stadioni|Guliston]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yangiyer (stadion)|Yangiyer]]
|Abbos Ergashboyev
|-
|[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|[[Qoʻqon]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Qoʻqon stadioni
|[[Samandar Meliboyev]]
|-
|[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|[[Jizzax (shahar)|Jizzax]]
|[[Jizzax viloyati]]
|Jizzax FA stadioni
|[[Iftixor Oʻrinov]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv FA stadioni
|[[Sobir Usmonxoʻjayev]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Shahboz Tojiyev]]
|-
|[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|[[Karmana]]
|[[Navoiy viloyati]]
|Navoiy FA stadioni
|[[Timur Sultonov]]
|-
|[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf FM]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Nasaf FA stadioni
|[[Denis Kayumov]]
|-
|[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|[[Chilonzor tumani]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Oqtepa stadioni
|[[Server Jeparov]]
|-
|[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|[[Angren]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Angren stadioni
|[[Rinat Miftaxutdinov]]
|-
|[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Qashqadaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|Nukus
|[[Qoraqalpogʻiston]]
|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA stadioni
|[[Navroʻz Alimov]]
|-
|[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Respublika FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]] [[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|viloyati]]
|Sirdaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|Termiz
|[[Surxondaryo viloyati]]
|Surxondaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|[[Quvasoy]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|[[Sementchi stadioni (Quvasoy)|Sementchi stadioni]]
|[[Murod Ismoilov|Murodbek Ismoilov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Toshkent FA stadioni
|[[Jasur Hasanov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|[[Yangiyoʻl]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Toshkent VFA stadioni
|[[Ravshan Joʻrayev (futbol murabbiy)|Ravshan Joʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]
|[[Urganch]]
|[[Xorazm viloyati]]
|Xorazm FA
|
|-
|[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA
|[[Feruzbek Mahmudjonov]]
|}

== Natijalar jadvali ==
=== Gʻarbiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  AZU, BUX, NAV, NAS, QAS, ARA, SAM, SUR, XOR,  

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_ARA= |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA= |ga_ARA= &lt;!-- Qoraqalpogʻiston FA --&gt;
|win_AZU= |draw_AZU= |loss_AZU= |gf_AZU= |ga_AZU= &lt;!-- Aral akademiya --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX= |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX= &lt;!-- Buxoro FA --&gt;
|win_NAS= |draw_NAS= |loss_NAS= |gf_NAS= |ga_NAS= &lt;!-- Nasaf Farm --&gt;
|win_NAV= |draw_NAV= |loss_NAV= |gf_NAV= |ga_NAV= &lt;!-- Navoiy FA --&gt;
|win_QAS= |draw_QAS= |loss_QAS= |gf_QAS= |ga_QAS= &lt;!-- Qashqadaryo FA --&gt;
|win_SAM= |draw_SAM= |loss_SAM= |gf_SAM= |ga_SAM= &lt;!-- Samarqand FA --&gt;
|win_SUR= |draw_SUR= |loss_SUR= |gf_SUR= |ga_SUR= &lt;!-- Surxondaryo FA --&gt;
|win_XOR= |draw_XOR= |loss_XOR= |gf_XOR= |ga_XOR= &lt;!-- Xorazm FA --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AZU=[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|name_BUX=[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|name_NAS=[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf Farm]]
|name_NAV=[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|name_QAS=[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|name_ARA=[[Qoraqalpogʻiston FA (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|name_SAM=[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|name_SUR=[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|name_XOR=[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Sharqiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  SEM, DOS, AND, FAR, HAV, NAM, OKM, TOS, LOK, BAR, 
&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AND=  |draw_AND=  |loss_AND=  |gf_AND= |ga_AND= &lt;!-- Andijon FA --&gt;
|win_BAR=  |draw_BAR=  |loss_BAR=1 |gf_BAR=2 |ga_BAR=6 &lt;!-- Barkamol--&gt;
|win_DOS=1 |draw_DOS=  |loss_DOS=  |gf_DOS=3 |ga_DOS=2 &lt;!-- Doʻstlik --&gt;
|win_FAR=  |draw_FAR=  |loss_FAR=  |gf_FAR= |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- Fargʻona FA --&gt;
|win_HAV=  |draw_HAV=  |loss_HAV=  |gf_HAV= |ga_HAV= &lt;!-- Navbahor Farm --&gt;
|win_LOK=  |draw_LOK=  |loss_LOK=1 |gf_LOK=2 |ga_LOK=3 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv Farm --&gt;
|win_NAM=  |draw_NAM=  |loss_NAM=  |gf_NAM= |ga_NAM= &lt;!-- Namangan FA --&gt;
|win_OKM=  |draw_OKM=  |loss_OKM=  |gf_OKM= |ga_OKM= &lt;!-- OKMK Semurgʻ --&gt;
|win_SEM=1 |draw_SEM=  |loss_SEM=  |gf_SEM=6 |ga_SEM=2 &lt;!-- Sementchi --&gt;
|win_TOS=  |draw_TOS=  |loss_TOS=  |gf_TOS= |ga_TOS= &lt;!-- Toshkent FA --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AND=[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|name_BAR=[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|name_DOS=[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|name_HAV=[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|name_FAR=[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|name_LOK=[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|name_NAM=[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|name_OKM=[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|name_SEM=[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Markaziy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  LBF, BUN, AHM, GUL, JIZ, OQT, RES, SHE, SIR, TOS, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AHM= |draw_AHM= |loss_AHM= |gf_AHM= |ga_AHM= &lt;!-- Ahmedov --&gt;
|win_BUN=1 |draw_BUN= |loss_BUN= |gf_BUN=3 |ga_BUN= &lt;!-- Bunyodkor --&gt;
|win_GUL= |draw_GUL= |loss_GUL= |gf_GUL= |ga_GUL= &lt;!-- Guliston --&gt;
|win_JIZ= |draw_JIZ= |loss_JIZ= |gf_JIZ= |ga_JIZ= &lt;!-- Jizzax FA --&gt;
|win_LBF=1 |draw_LBF= |loss_LBF= |gf_LBF=6 |ga_LBF=1 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv BFK --&gt;
|win_OQT= |draw_OQT= |loss_OQT= |gf_OQT= |ga_OQT= &lt;!-- Oqtepa --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES= |loss_RES= |gf_RES= |ga_RES= &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_SIR= |draw_SIR= |loss_SIR=1 |gf_SIR=0 |ga_SIR=3 &lt;!-- Sirdaryo FA --&gt;
|win_TOS= |draw_TOS= |loss_TOS=1 |gf_TOS=1 |ga_TOS=6 &lt;!-- Toshkent VFA --&gt;
|win_SHE= |draw_SHE= |loss_SHE= |gf_SHE= |ga_SHE= &lt;!-- Sherdor --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;

|name_AHM=[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|name_BUN=[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FJ]]
|name_GUL=[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|name_JIZ=[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|name_LBF=[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|name_OQT=[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|name_SIR=[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|name_SHE=[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Kubogi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Telegram|uzpfl}}
* {{Instagram|uzpfl}}
* {{Facebook|pfluzb}}
* {{Twitter|pfl_uz}}
* {{Youtube channel|@uzbekistanpfl}}
* {{TikTok|uzpfl}}
* [https://uz.linkedin.com/company/uzpfl Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // LinkedIn]
* [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQGMYzDOQIUAYZwTu2P Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // WhatsApp]

{{2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi mavsumlari}}
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli|Birinchi liga]]</text>
      <sha1>ogwwihsajhlcj0r0lj5oxjtcn6kpbyt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988690</id>
      <parentid>5988679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:01:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mavsum voqealari */</comment>
      <origin>5988690</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13748" sha1="ijcil8u1x6m340oqwhbz77emzztt8al" xml:space="preserve">{{ infobox football league season
| image = 1 LIGA logo.png
| pixels = 
| caption = 
| competition = [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
| season = 2026-yil
| winners = 
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = 
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = 
| matches = 
| total goals = 
| league topscorer = 
| biggest home win = 
| biggest away win = 
| highest scoring = 
| longest wins = 
| longest unbeaten = 
| longest winless = 
| longest losses = 
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2025-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2025]]
| nextseason =[[Futbol boʻyicha 2027-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi|2027]]
| updated = 
}}
'''Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi [[Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]''' (&lt;nowiki&gt;Футбол бўйича 2026-йилги Ўзбекистон Биринчи лигаси&lt;/nowiki&gt;) — [[Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi]] tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan uchinchi divizion musobaqasining yettinchi mavsumi.

== Mavsum voqealari ==
Birinchi liganing 2026-yilgi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi. Birinchi liganing minimal talablarini lozim darajada bajara olmagan klublar — „[[Bagʻdod (futbol klubi)|Bogʻdodchi]]“, „[[Qumqoʻrgʻon-1977|Qumqoʻrgʻon]]“, „[[Chigʻatoy (futbol klubi)|Chigʻatoy]]“, „[[Ishtixon (futbol klubi)|Ishtixon]]“, „[[Zamin (futbol klubi)|Zamin]]“ klublari faoliyatini [[Oʻzbekiston ikkinchi ligasi|hududiy ikkinchi liga]] musobaqalarida davom ettiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://pfl.uz/news/birinchi-liga-6-ta-jamoa-musobaqadan-chiqib-ketdi-10-ta-yangi-jamoa-qoshildi |sarlavha=Birinchi liga. 6 ta jamoa musobaqadan chiqib ketdi, 10 ta yangi jamoa qo‘shildi |sana=25.03.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sports24.uz/football/news/birinchi-liganing-yangi-mavsumida-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi/|title=Birinchi liganing yangi mavsumida 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://championat.asia/news/birinchi-ligada-29-ta-jamoa-ishtirok-etadi-samarqanddan-3-ta-klub|title=Birinchi ligada 29 ta jamoa ishtirok etadi: Samarqanddan 3 ta klub}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2026-yil 28-martda yangi mavsumida ishtirokchilarning qaysi mintaqalarda ishtirok etishi aniqlandi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://pfl.uz/news/birinchi-liga-mintaqalarning-barcha-ishtirokchilari-aniqland |sarlavha=Birinchi liga. Mintaqalarning barcha ishtirokchilari aniqland |sana=28.03.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 31-martda qur'a tashlandi&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://pfl.uz/news/birinchi-liga-yangi-mavsumga-qura-tashlandi |sarlavha=Birinchi liga. Yangi mavsumga qur’a tashlandi}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Klub
!Shahar (tuman)
!Viloyat (hudud)
!Stadion
!Bosh murabbiy
|-
|[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|[[Andijon (shahar)|Andijon]]
|[[Andijon viloyati]]
|Andijon FA stadioni
|[[Islom Ahmedov]]
|-
|[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Ahmedov FA stadioni
|[[Qahramon Mahamadjonov]]
|-
|[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|SamDU stadioni
|[[Andrey Pyatnitskiy]]
|-
|[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|[[Buxoro]]
|[[Buxoro viloyati]]
|Buxoro FA stadioni
|[[Abdurasul Rashidov]]
|-
|[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Bunyodkor FA stadioni
|[[Lutfulla Toʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA
|Dilmurod Nizomboyev
|-
|[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Samugʻ Dadayev]]
|-
|[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|[[Fargʻona]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Fargʻona FA stadioni
|[[Hasanboy Ergashev]]
|-
|[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]]
|[[Guliston Stadioni|Guliston]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yangiyer (stadion)|Yangiyer]]
|Abbos Ergashboyev
|-
|[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|[[Qoʻqon]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|Qoʻqon stadioni
|[[Samandar Meliboyev]]
|-
|[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|[[Jizzax (shahar)|Jizzax]]
|[[Jizzax viloyati]]
|Jizzax FA stadioni
|[[Iftixor Oʻrinov]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv FA stadioni
|[[Sobir Usmonxoʻjayev]]
|-
|[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Lokomotiv
|[[Shahboz Tojiyev]]
|-
|[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|[[Namangan]]
|[[Namangan viloyati]]
|Namangan FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|[[Karmana]]
|[[Navoiy viloyati]]
|Navoiy FA stadioni
|[[Timur Sultonov]]
|-
|[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf FM]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Nasaf FA stadioni
|[[Denis Kayumov]]
|-
|[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|[[Chilonzor tumani]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Oqtepa stadioni
|[[Server Jeparov]]
|-
|[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|[[Angren]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Angren stadioni
|[[Rinat Miftaxutdinov]]
|-
|[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|[[Qarshi]]
|[[Qashqadaryo viloyati]]
|Qashqadaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Aral akademiya (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|Nukus
|[[Qoraqalpogʻiston]]
|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA stadioni
|[[Navroʻz Alimov]]
|-
|[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Respublika FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|[[Guliston]]
|[[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|Sirdaryo]] [[Sirdaryo (viloyat)|viloyati]]
|Sirdaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|Termiz
|[[Surxondaryo viloyati]]
|Surxondaryo FA stadioni
|
|-
|[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|[[Quvasoy]]
|[[Fargʻona viloyati]]
|[[Sementchi stadioni (Quvasoy)|Sementchi stadioni]]
|[[Murod Ismoilov|Murodbek Ismoilov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|[[Toshkent]]
|Toshkent FA stadioni
|[[Jasur Hasanov]]
|-
|[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|[[Yangiyoʻl]]
|[[Toshkent viloyati]]
|Toshkent VFA stadioni
|[[Ravshan Joʻrayev (futbol murabbiy)|Ravshan Joʻrayev]]
|-
|[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]
|[[Urganch]]
|[[Xorazm viloyati]]
|Xorazm FA
|
|-
|[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]
|[[Samarqand]]
|[[Samarqand viloyati]]
|Samarqand FA
|[[Feruzbek Mahmudjonov]]
|}

== Natijalar jadvali ==
=== Gʻarbiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  AZU, BUX, NAV, NAS, QAS, ARA, SAM, SUR, XOR,  

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_ARA= |draw_ARA= |loss_ARA= |gf_ARA= |ga_ARA= &lt;!-- Qoraqalpogʻiston FA --&gt;
|win_AZU= |draw_AZU= |loss_AZU= |gf_AZU= |ga_AZU= &lt;!-- Aral akademiya --&gt;
|win_BUX= |draw_BUX= |loss_BUX= |gf_BUX= |ga_BUX= &lt;!-- Buxoro FA --&gt;
|win_NAS= |draw_NAS= |loss_NAS= |gf_NAS= |ga_NAS= &lt;!-- Nasaf Farm --&gt;
|win_NAV= |draw_NAV= |loss_NAV= |gf_NAV= |ga_NAV= &lt;!-- Navoiy FA --&gt;
|win_QAS= |draw_QAS= |loss_QAS= |gf_QAS= |ga_QAS= &lt;!-- Qashqadaryo FA --&gt;
|win_SAM= |draw_SAM= |loss_SAM= |gf_SAM= |ga_SAM= &lt;!-- Samarqand FA --&gt;
|win_SUR= |draw_SUR= |loss_SUR= |gf_SUR= |ga_SUR= &lt;!-- Surxondaryo FA --&gt;
|win_XOR= |draw_XOR= |loss_XOR= |gf_XOR= |ga_XOR= &lt;!-- Xorazm FA --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AZU=[[Azur (futbol klubi)|Azur]]
|name_BUX=[[Buxoro FA (futbol klubi)|Buxoro FA]]
|name_NAS=[[Nasaf-2 (futbol klubi)|Nasaf Farm]]
|name_NAV=[[Navoiy FA (futbol klubi)|Navoiy FA]]
|name_QAS=[[Qashqadaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Qashqadaryo FA]]
|name_ARA=[[Qoraqalpogʻiston FA (futbol klubi)|Qoraqalpogʻiston FA]]
|name_SAM=[[Samarqand FA (futbol klubi)|Samarqand FA]]
|name_SUR=[[Surxondaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Surxondaryo FA]]
|name_XOR=[[Xorazm FA (futbol klubi)|Xorazm FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari ta'riflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Sharqiy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  SEM, DOS, AND, FAR, HAV, NAM, OKM, TOS, LOK, BAR, 
&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AND=  |draw_AND=  |loss_AND=  |gf_AND= |ga_AND= &lt;!-- Andijon FA --&gt;
|win_BAR=  |draw_BAR=  |loss_BAR=1 |gf_BAR=2 |ga_BAR=6 &lt;!-- Barkamol--&gt;
|win_DOS=1 |draw_DOS=  |loss_DOS=  |gf_DOS=3 |ga_DOS=2 &lt;!-- Doʻstlik --&gt;
|win_FAR=  |draw_FAR=  |loss_FAR=  |gf_FAR= |ga_FAR= &lt;!-- Fargʻona FA --&gt;
|win_HAV=  |draw_HAV=  |loss_HAV=  |gf_HAV= |ga_HAV= &lt;!-- Navbahor Farm --&gt;
|win_LOK=  |draw_LOK=  |loss_LOK=1 |gf_LOK=2 |ga_LOK=3 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv Farm --&gt;
|win_NAM=  |draw_NAM=  |loss_NAM=  |gf_NAM= |ga_NAM= &lt;!-- Namangan FA --&gt;
|win_OKM=  |draw_OKM=  |loss_OKM=  |gf_OKM= |ga_OKM= &lt;!-- OKMK Semurgʻ --&gt;
|win_SEM=1 |draw_SEM=  |loss_SEM=  |gf_SEM=6 |ga_SEM=2 &lt;!-- Sementchi --&gt;
|win_TOS=  |draw_TOS=  |loss_TOS=  |gf_TOS= |ga_TOS= &lt;!-- Toshkent FA --&gt;


&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;
|name_AND=[[Andijon FA (futbol klubi)|Andijon FA]]
|name_BAR=[[Barkamol (futbol klubi)|Barkamol]]
|name_DOS=[[Doʻstlik (futbol klubi, Toshkent)|Doʻstlik]]
|name_HAV=[[Havokand (futbol klubi)|Havokand]]
|name_FAR=[[Fargʻona FA (futbol klubi)|Fargʻona FA]]
|name_LOK=[[Lokomotiv Farm (futbol klubi)|Lokomotiv FM]]
|name_NAM=[[Namangan FA (futbol klubi)|Namangan FA]]
|name_OKM=[[OKMK Semurgʻ (futbol klubi)|OKMK Semurgʻ]]
|name_SEM=[[Sementchi (futbol klubi, Quvasoy)|Sementchi]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent FA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent FA]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

=== Markaziy mintaqa ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL|source=[http://www.pfl.uz Oʻzbekiston Professional Futbol Ligasi]
&lt;!--Jamoa pozitsiyalarini bu yerda yangilang --&gt;
|team_order=  LBF, BUN, AHM, GUL, JIZ, OQT, RES, SHE, SIR, TOS, 

&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=A
|result2=P

&lt;!--Oʻzaro oʻyinlar--&gt;


&lt;!--Bu yerda jamoa malakasini yangilang (quyida tavsiflangan)--&gt;
|result1=P |result2=PO 

&lt;!--Jamoa natijalarini bu yerda va keyin (agar kerak boʻlsa) yuqoridagi pozitsiyalarni yangilang. Yuqoridagi sanani yangilashni unutmang (yangilash parametri)--&gt;


|update= 2026-yil 11-aprel

|win_AHM= |draw_AHM= |loss_AHM= |gf_AHM= |ga_AHM= &lt;!-- Ahmedov --&gt;
|win_BUN=1 |draw_BUN= |loss_BUN= |gf_BUN=3 |ga_BUN= &lt;!-- Bunyodkor --&gt;
|win_GUL= |draw_GUL= |loss_GUL= |gf_GUL= |ga_GUL= &lt;!-- Guliston --&gt;
|win_JIZ= |draw_JIZ= |loss_JIZ= |gf_JIZ= |ga_JIZ= &lt;!-- Jizzax FA --&gt;
|win_LBF=1 |draw_LBF= |loss_LBF= |gf_LBF=6 |ga_LBF=1 &lt;!-- Lokomotiv BFK --&gt;
|win_OQT= |draw_OQT= |loss_OQT= |gf_OQT= |ga_OQT= &lt;!-- Oqtepa --&gt;
|win_RES= |draw_RES= |loss_RES= |gf_RES= |ga_RES= &lt;!-- Respublika FA --&gt;
|win_SIR= |draw_SIR= |loss_SIR=1 |gf_SIR=0 |ga_SIR=3 &lt;!-- Sirdaryo FA --&gt;
|win_TOS= |draw_TOS= |loss_TOS=1 |gf_TOS=1 |ga_TOS=6 &lt;!-- Toshkent VFA --&gt;
|win_SHE= |draw_SHE= |loss_SHE= |gf_SHE= |ga_SHE= &lt;!-- Sherdor --&gt;

&lt;!--Jamoa taʼriflari (jadvaldagi vikihavolalar)--&gt;

|name_AHM=[[Ahmedov (futbol klubi)|Ahmedov]]
|name_BUN=[[Bunyodkor-2|Bunyodkor FJ]]
|name_GUL=[[Guliston (futbol klubi)|Guliston]]
|name_JIZ=[[Jizzax FA (futbol klubi)|Jizzax FA]]
|name_LBF=[[Lokomotiv BFK]]
|name_OQT=[[Oqtepa (futbol klubi)|Oqtepa]]
|name_RES=[[Respublika FA-2 (futbol klubi)|Respublika FA-2]]
|name_SIR=[[Sirdaryo FA (futbol klubi)|Sirdaryo FA]]
|name_TOS=[[Toshkent VFA (futbol klubi)|Toshkent VFA]]
|name_SHE=[[Sherdor (futbol klubi)|Sherdor]]

&lt;!--Rules--&gt;
|class_rules=1) Ochko; 2) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi ochkolar; 3) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar farqi; 4) Oʻzaro oʻyinlardagi gollar hisobi; 5) Gol farqi; 6) Urilgan gollar; 

&lt;!--Kvalifikatsiya va quyi ligaga tushish ustunlari taʼriflari--&gt;
|res_col_header=PQR
|col_P=green1  |text_P=
|col_PO=green2 |text_PO=
}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Superligasi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Kubogi]]
* [[Futbol boʻyicha 2026-yilgi Oʻzbekiston Pro ligasi]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{Telegram|uzpfl}}
* {{Instagram|uzpfl}}
* {{Facebook|pfluzb}}
* {{Twitter|pfl_uz}}
* {{Youtube channel|@uzbekistanpfl}}
* {{TikTok|uzpfl}}
* [https://uz.linkedin.com/company/uzpfl Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // LinkedIn]
* [https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaQGMYzDOQIUAYZwTu2P Oʻzbekiston Professional futbol ligasi // WhatsApp]

{{2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli}}
{{Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi mavsumlari}}
[[Turkum:Oʻzbekiston Birinchi ligasi]]
[[Turkum:2026-yilda Oʻzbekiston futboli|Birinchi liga]]</text>
      <sha1>ijcil8u1x6m340oqwhbz77emzztt8al</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vikipediya:Viki-bahor/Ishtirokchilar</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>1357718</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988678</id>
      <parentid>5967983</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Roʻyxat */</comment>
      <origin>5988678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="900" sha1="mxv81u9p9dvxwuv4l3hja6tyz6cgjav" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{{Viki-bahor/tepasi|5}}
&lt;div style=&quot;max-width:1100px;margin:auto&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:100%;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #eaecf0;border-radius:10px;padding:1em&quot;
|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirokchilar ==
Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi '''Viki-bahor — 2026''' loyihasida qatnashish uchun quyidagi roʻyxatga ismingizni qoʻshing.

Buning uchun:

# Sahifaning yuqori qismidagi '''Manbasini tahrirlash''' tugmasini bosing.
# Roʻyxat oxiriga yangi qator qoʻshing.
# Quyidagi kodni u yerga yozing:
#* &lt;nowiki&gt;# ~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# Sahifani saqlang.

=== Roʻyxat ===
# [[Foydalanuvchi:Sitora Oblakulova|Sitora Oblakulova]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Sitora Oblakulova|munozara]]) 06:35, 2026-yil 26-mart (UTC)
# [[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 15:43, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)
#
#
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Turkum:Loyiha:Viki-bahor]]</text>
      <sha1>mxv81u9p9dvxwuv4l3hja6tyz6cgjav</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988938</id>
      <parentid>5988678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:00:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mupapap29</username>
        <id>201910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ishtirokchilar */</comment>
      <origin>5988938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1017" sha1="1582xflj17mhmvca27wv3urm6isv6sr" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{{Viki-bahor/tepasi|5}}
&lt;div style=&quot;max-width:1100px;margin:auto&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:100%;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #eaecf0;border-radius:10px;padding:1em&quot;
|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirokchilar ==
Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi '''Viki-bahor — 2026''' loyihasida qatnashish uchun quyidagi roʻyxatga ismingizni qoʻshing.

Buning uchun:

# Sahifaning yuqori qismidagi '''Manbasini tahrirlash''' tugmasini bosing.
# Roʻyxat oxiriga yangi qator qoʻshing.
# Quyidagi kodni u yerga yozing:
#* &lt;nowiki&gt;# ~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# Sahifani saqlang.

=== Roʻyxat ===
# [[Foydalanuvchi:Sitora Oblakulova|Sitora Oblakulova]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Sitora Oblakulova|munozara]]) 06:35, 2026-yil 26-mart (UTC)
# [[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 15:43, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)
# [[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mupapap29|munozara]]) 09:00, 2026-yil 12-aprel (UTC)
#
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Turkum:Loyiha:Viki-bahor]]</text>
      <sha1>1582xflj17mhmvca27wv3urm6isv6sr</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
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    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>1357720</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988702</id>
      <parentid>5986921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:32:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Ishtirok etish */</comment>
      <origin>5988702</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1586" sha1="184i4jfpv4edjq4lw0kadd6lxe9bjuf" xml:space="preserve">{{Viki-bahor/tepasi}}
&lt;div style=&quot;max-width:1100px;margin:auto&quot;&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:100%;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #eaecf0;border-radius:10px;padding:1em&quot;
|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirok etish ==
Maqolani yaratganingizdan keyin uni quyidagi jadvalga kiritishingiz zarur (tanlov ishtirokchilari buni mustaqil ravishda bajaradilar). Tanlovda faqat jadvalga kiritilgan maqolalar koʻrib chiqiladi. Iltimos, maqolalarni baholashda xatolikka yoʻl qoʻyilmasligi uchun tugallanmagan maqolalarni jadvalga kiritmang. Yaratgan maqolangizning munozara sahifasida esa {{tl|Viki-bahor 2026}} andozasini tegishli parametrlarni koʻrsatgan holda qoʻshishni unutmang.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- align=&quot;left&quot;
! Ishtirokchi
! Maqola
! Maqola soni
! Ball
|-
|-style=&quot;background:#a5fd7d&quot;
||&lt;small&gt;'''Namuna uchun:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Foydalanuvchi:Panpanchik|Panpanchik]]
|{{flagicon|Turkiya}} [[Bazlama]];
|1
|0
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Sitora Oblakulova|Sitora Oblakulova]]
|[[Shaqe Çoba]], [[Urani Rumbo]], [[Nermin Vlora Falaschi]], [[Gentiana Susaj]], [[Holta Zaçaj]], [[Tina Garabedian]], [[Aleksandra Grigoryan]], [[Gohar Harutyunyan]], [[Karina Akopova]], [[Kimia Alizade]], [[Bernarda Pera]], [[Petra Marčinko]], [[Kamila Valieva]], [[Diana Shnaider]], [[Mirra Andreeva]], [[Mobina Nematzade]], [[Erika Andreeva]], [[Lyudmila Samsonova]], [[Oksana Selexmeteva]], [[Elina Avanesyan]], [[Olga Danilović]], [[Ivana Jorović]]
|22
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]]
|{{flagicon|Qozogʻiston}}
[[Ken Alibek]]
|1
|
|}
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Turkum:Loyiha:Viki-bahor]]</text>
      <sha1>184i4jfpv4edjq4lw0kadd6lxe9bjuf</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988918</id>
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        <id>105908</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Ishtirok etish */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirok etish ==
Maqolani yaratganingizdan keyin uni quyidagi jadvalga kiritishingiz zarur (tanlov ishtirokchilari buni mustaqil ravishda bajaradilar). Tanlovda faqat jadvalga kiritilgan maqolalar koʻrib chiqiladi. Iltimos, maqolalarni baholashda xatolikka yoʻl qoʻyilmasligi uchun tugallanmagan maqolalarni jadvalga kiritmang. Yaratgan maqolangizning munozara sahifasida esa {{tl|Viki-bahor 2026}} andozasini tegishli parametrlarni koʻrsatgan holda qoʻshishni unutmang.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- align=&quot;left&quot;
! Ishtirokchi
! Maqola
! Maqola soni
! Ball
|-
|-style=&quot;background:#a5fd7d&quot;
||&lt;small&gt;'''Namuna uchun:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Foydalanuvchi:Panpanchik|Panpanchik]]
|{{flagicon|Turkiya}} [[Bazlama]];
|1
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|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Sitora Oblakulova|Sitora Oblakulova]]
|[[Shaqe Çoba]], [[Urani Rumbo]], [[Nermin Vlora Falaschi]], [[Gentiana Susaj]], [[Holta Zaçaj]], [[Tina Garabedian]], [[Aleksandra Grigoryan]], [[Gohar Harutyunyan]], [[Karina Akopova]], [[Kimia Alizade]], [[Bernarda Pera]], [[Petra Marčinko]], [[Kamila Valieva]], [[Diana Shnaider]], [[Mirra Andreeva]], [[Mobina Nematzade]], [[Erika Andreeva]], [[Lyudmila Samsonova]], [[Oksana Selexmeteva]], [[Elina Avanesyan]], [[Olga Danilović]], [[Ivana Jorović]]
|22
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]]
|{{flagicon|Qozogʻiston}}
[[Ken Alibek]] • [[Bolashak]]
|2
|
|}
&lt;/div&gt;

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|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirok etish ==
Maqolani yaratganingizdan keyin uni quyidagi jadvalga kiritishingiz zarur (tanlov ishtirokchilari buni mustaqil ravishda bajaradilar). Tanlovda faqat jadvalga kiritilgan maqolalar koʻrib chiqiladi. Iltimos, maqolalarni baholashda xatolikka yoʻl qoʻyilmasligi uchun tugallanmagan maqolalarni jadvalga kiritmang. Yaratgan maqolangizning munozara sahifasida esa {{tl|Viki-bahor 2026}} andozasini tegishli parametrlarni koʻrsatgan holda qoʻshishni unutmang.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- align=&quot;left&quot;
! Ishtirokchi
! Maqola
! Maqola soni
! Ball
|-
|-style=&quot;background:#a5fd7d&quot;
||&lt;small&gt;'''Namuna uchun:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Foydalanuvchi:Panpanchik|Panpanchik]]
|{{flagicon|Turkiya}} [[Bazlama]];
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|[[Shaqe Çoba]], [[Urani Rumbo]], [[Nermin Vlora Falaschi]], [[Gentiana Susaj]], [[Holta Zaçaj]], [[Tina Garabedian]], [[Aleksandra Grigoryan]], [[Gohar Harutyunyan]], [[Karina Akopova]], [[Kimia Alizade]], [[Bernarda Pera]], [[Petra Marčinko]], [[Kamila Valieva]], [[Diana Shnaider]], [[Mirra Andreeva]], [[Mobina Nematzade]], [[Erika Andreeva]], [[Lyudmila Samsonova]], [[Oksana Selexmeteva]], [[Elina Avanesyan]], [[Olga Danilović]], [[Ivana Jorović]]
|22
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]]
|{{flagicon|Qozogʻiston}}
[[Ken Alibek]] • [[Bolashak]] • [[Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Ta’lim va fan vazirligi]]
|3
|
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|-

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== Ishtirok etish ==
Maqolani yaratganingizdan keyin uni quyidagi jadvalga kiritishingiz zarur (tanlov ishtirokchilari buni mustaqil ravishda bajaradilar). Tanlovda faqat jadvalga kiritilgan maqolalar koʻrib chiqiladi. Iltimos, maqolalarni baholashda xatolikka yoʻl qoʻyilmasligi uchun tugallanmagan maqolalarni jadvalga kiritmang. Yaratgan maqolangizning munozara sahifasida esa {{tl|Viki-bahor 2026}} andozasini tegishli parametrlarni koʻrsatgan holda qoʻshishni unutmang.

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! Ishtirokchi
! Maqola
! Maqola soni
! Ball
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|-style=&quot;background:#a5fd7d&quot;
||&lt;small&gt;'''Namuna uchun:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Foydalanuvchi:Panpanchik|Panpanchik]]
|{{flagicon|Turkiya}} [[Bazlama]];
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|[[Foydalanuvchi:Sitora Oblakulova|Sitora Oblakulova]]
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|22
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]]
|{{flagicon|Qozogʻiston}}
[[Ken Alibek]] • [[Bolashak]] • [[Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Ta’lim va fan vazirligi]] • [[Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti (Qozogʻiston)]]
|4
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|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirok etish ==
Maqolani yaratganingizdan keyin uni quyidagi jadvalga kiritishingiz zarur (tanlov ishtirokchilari buni mustaqil ravishda bajaradilar). Tanlovda faqat jadvalga kiritilgan maqolalar koʻrib chiqiladi. Iltimos, maqolalarni baholashda xatolikka yoʻl qoʻyilmasligi uchun tugallanmagan maqolalarni jadvalga kiritmang. Yaratgan maqolangizning munozara sahifasida esa {{tl|Viki-bahor 2026}} andozasini tegishli parametrlarni koʻrsatgan holda qoʻshishni unutmang.

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! Maqola
! Maqola soni
! Ball
|-
|-style=&quot;background:#a5fd7d&quot;
||&lt;small&gt;'''Namuna uchun:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Foydalanuvchi:Panpanchik|Panpanchik]]
|{{flagicon|Turkiya}} [[Bazlama]];
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|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Sitora Oblakulova|Sitora Oblakulova]]
|[[Shaqe Çoba]], [[Urani Rumbo]], [[Nermin Vlora Falaschi]], [[Gentiana Susaj]], [[Holta Zaçaj]], [[Tina Garabedian]], [[Aleksandra Grigoryan]], [[Gohar Harutyunyan]], [[Karina Akopova]], [[Kimia Alizade]], [[Bernarda Pera]], [[Petra Marčinko]], [[Kamila Valieva]], [[Diana Shnaider]], [[Mirra Andreeva]], [[Mobina Nematzade]], [[Erika Andreeva]], [[Lyudmila Samsonova]], [[Oksana Selexmeteva]], [[Elina Avanesyan]], [[Olga Danilović]], [[Ivana Jorović]]
|22
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]]
|{{flagicon|Qozogʻiston}}
[[Ken Alibek]] • [[Bolashak]] • [[Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Ta’lim va fan vazirligi]] • [[Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti (Qozogʻiston)]] • [[Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti]]
|5
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|-

| style=&quot;width:70%;vertical-align:top&quot; |
== Ishtirok etish ==
Maqolani yaratganingizdan keyin uni quyidagi jadvalga kiritishingiz zarur (tanlov ishtirokchilari buni mustaqil ravishda bajaradilar). Tanlovda faqat jadvalga kiritilgan maqolalar koʻrib chiqiladi. Iltimos, maqolalarni baholashda xatolikka yoʻl qoʻyilmasligi uchun tugallanmagan maqolalarni jadvalga kiritmang. Yaratgan maqolangizning munozara sahifasida esa {{tl|Viki-bahor 2026}} andozasini tegishli parametrlarni koʻrsatgan holda qoʻshishni unutmang.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- align=&quot;left&quot;
! Ishtirokchi
! Maqola
! Maqola soni
! Ball
|-
|-style=&quot;background:#a5fd7d&quot;
||&lt;small&gt;'''Namuna uchun:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Foydalanuvchi:Panpanchik|Panpanchik]]
|{{flagicon|Turkiya}} [[Bazlama]];
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|[[Shaqe Çoba]], [[Urani Rumbo]], [[Nermin Vlora Falaschi]], [[Gentiana Susaj]], [[Holta Zaçaj]], [[Tina Garabedian]], [[Aleksandra Grigoryan]], [[Gohar Harutyunyan]], [[Karina Akopova]], [[Kimia Alizade]], [[Bernarda Pera]], [[Petra Marčinko]], [[Kamila Valieva]], [[Diana Shnaider]], [[Mirra Andreeva]], [[Mobina Nematzade]], [[Erika Andreeva]], [[Lyudmila Samsonova]], [[Oksana Selexmeteva]], [[Elina Avanesyan]], [[Olga Danilović]], [[Ivana Jorović]]
|22
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]]
|{{flagicon|Qozogʻiston}}
[[Ken Alibek]] • [[Bolashak]] • [[Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Ta’lim va fan vazirligi]] • [[Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti (Qozogʻiston)]] • [[Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti]] • [[T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi]]
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      <comment>/* Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar */</comment>
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----

„Turkmaniston oyligi“ — „Mavzuli oylik“ loyihasining bir qismi sifatida [[Turkmaniston]], uning aholisi, boy madaniyati, qadimiy tarixi va boshqa sohalariga oid maqolalarni yaratish hamda mavjudlarini boyitish maqsadida tashkil etiladi.

Loyiha Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi Turkmaniston haqida yozilgan maqolalardagi boʻshliqlarni toʻldirish, ayniqsa, mintaqadagi [[turkman tili]] va oʻzbek-turkman madaniy aloqalariga, shuningdek, u yerdagi oʻzbek merosiga oid maʼlumotlarni koʻpaytirishni maqsad qilgan.

Muddat: 2026-yilning [[1-aprel|1-apreldan]] [[30-aprel|30-aprelgacha.]]

Yoʻnalish: Ingliz, turk va rus tillaridagi Vikipediyalardan maʼlumotlarni oʻzbek tiliga mahorat bilan tarjima qilish va ensiklopedik shaklda qilib boyitish tavsiya etiladi.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
Agar siz ushbu loyihada ishtirok etishni istasangiz, quyidagi roʻyxatga oʻz ismingizni qoʻshib qoʻying. Buning uchun shunchaki hash belgisi va toʻrtta tilda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;(#uzb9)&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' belgisini yozsangiz kifoya qiladi— sahifani  saqlaganingizdan soʻng foydalanuvchi nomingiz avtomatik ravishda paydo boʻladi.

Roʻyxatdan oʻtish ramziy maʼnoga ega boʻlib, u loyihada qancha kishi hamkorlik qilishga tayyor ekanligini bilish imkonini beradi. Bu hech qanday majburiyat yuklamaydi va sizga qoʻshimcha vazifalar qoʻymaydi.

#[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 14:47, 2026-yil 2-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|Maxamadjonova Muslima]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|munozara]]) 11:04, 2026-yil 4-aprel (UTC)
#[[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 04:39, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Ranoxa|Ranoxa]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Ranoxa|munozara]]) 06:19, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mupapap29|munozara]]) 12:55, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Xyrshid|Xurshid]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Xurshid|munozara]]) 11:29, 2026-yil 9-aprel (UTC)

== Yangi maqolalarni qanday qo‘shish kerak? ==
Maqolalar boshqa tillardan tarjima bo‘lishi mumkin. Eng muhimi, ular yangi yaratilgan yoki sezilarli darajada boyitilgan hamda sifatli bo‘lishi shart. Oylik davomida tahrir qilinadigan maqolalar quyidagi talablarga javob berishi lozim:

* '''Sifati:''' Yangi maqolalarda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oʻchirishga}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Manbasiz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{AT}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' kabi muammoli andozalar bo‘lmasligi kerak.
* '''Ensiklopedik ahamiyat:''' Maqolaga qo‘shilgan ma’lumotlar [[Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik ahamiyat|Ensiklopedik ahamiyat qoidalariga]] mos kelishi shart.
* '''Tekshiriluvchanlik:''' Yangi maqolalarda albatta Manbalar (&lt;nowiki&gt;{{manbalar}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; yoki &lt;nowiki&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;) bo‘lishiga e’tibor bering.
* '''Betaraflik:''' Maqolalar [[Vikipediya:Betaraf nuqtayi nazar|Betaraf nuqtayi nazar]] asosida yozilishi kerak. Shuningdek, ularni rasmlar bilan boyitish va to‘g‘ri formatlash tavsiya etiladi.

'''Ichki havolalar:''' Maqoladagi tushunchalarga ichki havolalar (ko‘k linklar) berishni unutmang.
==== Havolalar va bog‘liqlik ====
Yangi maqola yaratganingizda, boshqa mavjud maqolalardan unga havola berilishiga harakat qiling. Agar maqolaga hech qanday havola olib kelmasa, u &quot;yetim maqola&quot; bo‘lib qoladi va uni boshqalar o‘qishi yoki yaxshilashi ehtimoli kamayadi. Shuningdek, maqolaning boshqa tillardagi variantlarini tekshiring va ularni til bo'limlari (Wikidata) orqali bog‘lang.

==== Munozara va aloqa ====
Loyiha bo‘yicha har qanday savol, taklif yoki e’tirozlaringizni [[Loyiha munozarasi:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|munozara sahifasida]] qoldirishingiz mumkin. Shuningdek, Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalarning munozara sahifasiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini qo‘yish tavsiya etiladi. Bundan tashqari, ushbu oylik [[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik|Mavzuli oylik loyihasi]] doirasida o‘tkazilgani sababli, xohishga ko‘ra &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Mavzuli oylik loyihasi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini ham qo‘shish mumkin. Andozalar faqat munozara sahifasiga joylashtiriladi.

'''Muhim eslatma:''' O‘zbekcha Vikipediya jamoasi odatda, munozaralarda bevosita ishtirok etmaslikka harakat qiladilar. Bu esa ishtirokchilarning o‘z ustida mustaqil ishlashi, qoidalarni chuqurroq o‘rganishi va natijada maqolalar sifatini yanada yuqori darajaga ko‘tarishini ta’minlash maqsadida yo‘lga qo‘yilgan. Ishtirokchilarning o‘zaro hamkorligi va muammolarni mustaqil hal qilishi maqola sifatini yaxshilashning eng samarali yo‘li deb hisoblanadi.

== Loyiha taklifnomasi ==
Agar ushbu loyihada yordam berishi mumkin bo‘lgan biror foydalanuvchini bilsangiz, uni qutlug‘ maqsad yo‘lida hamkorlikka chorlashingiz mumkin. Buning uchun quyidagi maxsus kodni nusxalab, uning munozara sahifasiga joylashtiring.

Biz ishonamizki, siz taklif etgan foydalanuvchilar buyuk ajdodlarimiz — tasavvuf olamining yetuk namoyandasi Xoja Ahmad Yassaviy vorislari, turkman adabiyotining yorqin yulduzi Maxtumquli, buyuk olim Abu Rayhon Beruniy va Sulton Sanjar kabi siymolar yashab o‘tgan, ularning o‘chmas izlari qolgan Turkmaniston zamini haqida maqolalar yaratishga albatta o‘z qiziqishlarini bildiradilar.
{| style=&quot;background-color: #B2FFFF; border: 4px solid #1CAC78&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 2px;&quot; | [[File:Flag and Emblem of Turkmenistan.png|211px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 2px 2px 0 2px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''[[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|Turkmaniston oyligiga taklifnoma!]]'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |
----
Hurmatli vikipediya tahrirchisi!

Sizni O‘zbekcha Vikipediyada o‘tkazilayotgan Mavzuli oylik doirasidagi „Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasida ishtirok etishga taklif qilamiz. Agar ushbu loyiha doirasida yangi maqolalar yaratish yoki mavjudlarini boyitish niyatida bo‘lsangiz, marhamat, o‘z ismingizni ishtirokchilar ro‘yxatiga qo‘shib qo‘ying. Ishtirokingiz va hissangiz uchun oldindan tashakkur! &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}

== Mukofotlar ==
{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#aaffaa}}};&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]}}
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | '''Turkmaniston ordeni'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; |
„Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasidagi faol ishtiroki va Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyani boyitishga qoʻshgan munosib hissasi uchun taqdirlanadi.
|}
Turkmaniston oyligi loyihasi doirasida 5 ta va undan ortiq maqola yaratgan har bir foydalanuvchiga loyiha tashkilotchilari tomonidan „Turkmaniston ordeni“ topshiriladi. Ordenni qoʻlga kiritish uchun yaratilgan maqola ensiklopedik ahamiyatga ega boʻlishi lozim. Har bir maqolaning hajmi kamida 3 000 bayt boʻlishi shart. Maʼlumotlarni tasdiqlovchi kamida bitta ishonchli manba boʻlishi majburiydir. Fidoyilik koʻrsating va oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi „Turkmaniston ordeni“ sohibiga aylaning!

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Doctormeee}}
|Kishilar:
[[Sahat Muradow]] • [[Awdy Kulyýew]] • [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] • [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] • [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] • [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] • [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]]

Sogʻliqni saqlash:

[[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] • [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] • [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] • [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] • [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]]

Madaniyat:

[[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]]
|12
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]]
|[[Ashxobod velotreki]]•[[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]]•[[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]]•[[Ruhyýet saroyi]]
|4
|-
|-
|{{u|Maxamadjonova Muslima}}
|[[Goʻkdepe,Turkmaniston]] • [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]]
|2
|-
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Lochinovamarjona|Marjona]]
|[[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] 
|1
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon]]
|[[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] • [[Berkarar]] • [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]]
|4
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Janob Mirzaolim|Janob Mirzaolim]]
|[[Turkmaniston viloyatlari]] • [[Bayramali tumani]] • [[Taxtabozor tumani]] • [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] • [[Turkmaniston Milliy xavfsizlik vazirligi]]
|5
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan andozalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan andozalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi andoza
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;andozalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Andoza:Turkmaniston siyosati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaxshilangan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz tahrirlangan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Tahrirlangan maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Bolqon viloyati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Roʻyxatlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston qushlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of birds of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston muzeylari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of museums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston oliy oʻquv yurtlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of universities in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston daryolari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of rivers of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston yetakchilari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of leaders of Turkmenistan]])
* [[UNESCOning Turkmanistondagi Butunjahon merosi roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi shahar, shaharcha va qishloqlar roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi futbol stadionlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of football stadiums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Olimpiadada Turkmaniston bayroqdorlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of flag bearers for Turkmenistan at the Olympics]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi temir yo‘l stansiyalari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of railway stations in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}
== Tarix ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tarixi]] ([[:ru:История Туркменистана]])
* [[Kerki bekligi]] ([[:ru:Керкинское бекство]])
* [[Kaspiyorti fronti]] ([[:ru:Закаспийский фронт (Гражданская война)]])
* [[Turkmanlashtirish]] ([[:en:Turkmenization]])
* [[Turkmaniston kommunistik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Коммунистическая партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkman sovet ensiklopediyasi]] ([[:ru:Туркменская советская энциклопедия]])
* [[Turkmaniston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi bayrogʻi]] ([[:en:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]])
* [[Malleson missiyasi]] ([[:en:Malleson mission]])
* [[Gökdepe jangi]] ([[:en:Battle of Geok Tepe]])
* [[Kushka jangi]] ([[:ru:Бой на Кушке]], [[:en:Panjdeh incident]])
* [[Yoz madaniyati]] ([[:en:Yaz culture]])
* [[Betaraflik kuni]] ([[:en:Day of Neutrality]])
* [[Xiva xonligida qul savdosi]] ([[:en:Khivan slave trade]])
* [[2000-yilgi Turkmaniston zilzilasi]] ([[:en:2000 Turkmenistan earthquake]])
* [[Marv jangi (1221)]] ([[:en:Siege of Merv (1221)]])
{{colend}}
== Geografiya ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Bodxiz-Qorabel chalachoʻli]] ([[:en:Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert]])
* [[Turkmaniston geografiyasi]] ([[:en:Geography of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ashxobod hayvonot bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Zoo]])
* [[Repetek qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:en:Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]])
* [[Kopetdogʻ qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Копетдагский заповедник]])
* [[Gökdepe]] ([[:en:Gökdepe]])
* [[Qoraboʻgʻoz]] ([[:en:Garabogaz]])
* [[1895-yilgi Bolxon zilzilasi]] ([[:en:1895 Balkan earthquake]])
* [[1929-yilgi Kopetdogʻ zilzilasi]] ([[:en:]])
* [[Dinozavrlar platosi]] ([[:en:Dinosaur Plateau]])
* [[Hovuzxon suv ombori]] ([[:ru:Хаузханское водохранилище]])
* [[Mahtumquli Firogʻiy istirohat bogʻi]] ([[:en:Magtymguly Pyragy Cultural Park Complex]])
* [[Ashxobod botanika bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Botanical Garden]])
* [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] ([[:en:Time in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Qoplonqir qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Капланкырский заповедник]])
{{colend}}

== Siyosat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati]] ([[:en:Foreign relations of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat tuzumi]] ([[:en:Politics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]] ([[:en:Constitution of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] ([[:en:Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Turkmaniston Majlisi]] ([[:en:Assembly of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Davlat Xavfsizlik Kengashi]] ([[:en:State Security Council of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda inson huquqlari]] ([[:en:Human rights in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Agrar partiyasi]] ([[:ru:Аграрная партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkmaniston Demokratik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Democratic Party of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Xalq Maslahati]] ([[:en:People's Council of Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Iqtisod ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
*[[Turkmaniston iqtisodiyoti]] ([[:en:Economy of Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmaniston moliya va iqtisodiyot vazirligi]] ([[:en:Ministry of Finance (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Turkmanistonda baliqchilik sanoati]] ([[:en:Fishing industry in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda neft va tabiiy gazni qayta ishlash]] ([[:en:Oil and natural gas refining in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda korrupsiya]] ([[:en:Corruption in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda qishloq xoʻjaligi]] ([[:en:Agriculture in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Halkbank (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Halkbank (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Türkmennebit]] ([[:en:Türkmennebit]])
*[[Altyn Asyr]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr (mobile operator)]])
*[[Altyn Asyr bozori]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr Bazaar]])
{{colend}}

== Sport ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston Superkubogi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Super Cup]])
* [[Balkan Botevgrad (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Balkan Botevgrad]])
* [[Energetik Mary (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Energetik Mary]])
* [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Gara Altyn]])
* [[Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap]])
* [[Şagadam (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:Şagadam FK]])
{{colend}}

== Bino va inshootlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod velotreki]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Velodrome]])
* [[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat railway station]])
* [[Ruhyýet saroyi]] ([[:en:Ruhyýet Palace]])
* [[Betaraflik yodgorligi]] ([[:en:Neutrality Monument]])
* [[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Tower]])
* [[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Independence Monument (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Alp Arslon nomidagi Turkman milliy drama teatri]] ([[:en:Alp Arslan National Drama Theatre]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat kutubxonasi]] ([[:ru:Государственная библиотека Туркменистана]])
* [[Avliyo Aleksandr Nevskiy cherkovi]] ([[:en:St. Alexander Nevsky Church, Ashgabat]])
* [[Berkarar]] ([[:en:Berkarar]])
{{colend}}

== Madaniyat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]] ([[:en:Ashgabat cinema]])
* [[Turkmaniston kinosi]] ([[:en:Cinema of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Karakum]] ([[:en:Karakum (film)]])
* [[Gelin]] ([[:en:Daughter-In-Law]])
* [[Turkman oshxonasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen cuisine]])
* [[Turkman adabiyoti]] ([[:en:Turkmen literature]])
* [[Turkmaniston musiqasi]] ([[:en:Music of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ishlekli]] ([[:en:Ishlykly]])
* [[Turkmanistonda ommaviy axborot vositalari]] ([[:en:Mass media in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda televideniye]] ([[:en:Television in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Kishilar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Sahat Muradow]] ([[:en:Sakhat Muradov]])
* [[Awdy Kulyýew]] ([[:en:Awdy Kulyýew]])
* [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] ([[:ru:Атаева, Аксолтан Тореевна]])
* [[Rejepbaý Arazow]] ([[:en:Rejepbaý Arazow]])
* [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] ([[:en:Ýaýlym Berdiýew]])
* [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] ([[:en:Begenç Gündogdyýew]])
* [[Hojaguly Narlyýew]] ([[:ru:Нарлиев, Ходжакули]])
* [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]] ([[:en:Shamuhammet Durdylyyev]])
* [[Gülşat Mämmedowa]] ([[:ru:Маммедова, Гульшат Сахыевна]])
* [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] ([[:ru:Аннакулиева, Аннагуль Аннамурадовна]])
* [[Gurbannazar Ezizow]] ([[:en:Gurbannazar Ezizow]])
* [[Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]] ([[:en:Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]])
* [[Jānis Mežlauks]] ([[:ru:Межлаук, Иван Иванович]])
* [[Muhammetnazar Gapurow]] ([[:ru:Гапуров, Мухамедназар Гапурович]])
{{colend}}

== Taʼlim ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda taʼlim]] ([[:en:Education in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston axborot av telekommunikatsiyalar instituti]] ([[:en:Institute of Telecommunications and Informatics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkman milliy konservatoriyasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen National Conservatory]])
* [[Turkmaniston jismoniy tarbiya va sport instituti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Institute of Physical Education and Sports]])
* [[Turkmaniston qishloq xoʻjaligi universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen Agricultural University]])
* [[Turkman davlat tibbiyot universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Medical University]])
* [[Turkmaniston mudofaa vazirligi harbiy instuituti]] ([[:en:Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Xalqaro turkman-turk universiteti]] ([[:ru:Международный туркмено-турецкий университет]])
* [[Turkmaniston TIV Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti]] ([[:ru:Институт международных отношений МИД Туркменистана]])
* [[Berdimuhamed Annaýew nomidagi harbiy maktab]] ([[:en:Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School]])
{{colend}}

== Sogʻliqni saqlash ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] ([[:en:Healthcare in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] ([[:en:Health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] ([[:en:Mental health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр травматологии]])
* [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] ([[:ru:Онкологический центр (Ашхабад)]]
* [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр лечения глазных болезней]])
{{colend}}

== Havolalar == 
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Yangi oyliklarni tanlash/Navigatsion andozasi}}
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Navigatsion andozasi}}</text>
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        <id>105908</id>
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----

„Turkmaniston oyligi“ — „Mavzuli oylik“ loyihasining bir qismi sifatida [[Turkmaniston]], uning aholisi, boy madaniyati, qadimiy tarixi va boshqa sohalariga oid maqolalarni yaratish hamda mavjudlarini boyitish maqsadida tashkil etiladi.

Loyiha Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi Turkmaniston haqida yozilgan maqolalardagi boʻshliqlarni toʻldirish, ayniqsa, mintaqadagi [[turkman tili]] va oʻzbek-turkman madaniy aloqalariga, shuningdek, u yerdagi oʻzbek merosiga oid maʼlumotlarni koʻpaytirishni maqsad qilgan.

Muddat: 2026-yilning [[1-aprel|1-apreldan]] [[30-aprel|30-aprelgacha.]]

Yoʻnalish: Ingliz, turk va rus tillaridagi Vikipediyalardan maʼlumotlarni oʻzbek tiliga mahorat bilan tarjima qilish va ensiklopedik shaklda qilib boyitish tavsiya etiladi.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
Agar siz ushbu loyihada ishtirok etishni istasangiz, quyidagi roʻyxatga oʻz ismingizni qoʻshib qoʻying. Buning uchun shunchaki hash belgisi va toʻrtta tilda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;(#uzb9)&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' belgisini yozsangiz kifoya qiladi— sahifani  saqlaganingizdan soʻng foydalanuvchi nomingiz avtomatik ravishda paydo boʻladi.

Roʻyxatdan oʻtish ramziy maʼnoga ega boʻlib, u loyihada qancha kishi hamkorlik qilishga tayyor ekanligini bilish imkonini beradi. Bu hech qanday majburiyat yuklamaydi va sizga qoʻshimcha vazifalar qoʻymaydi.

#[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 14:47, 2026-yil 2-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|Maxamadjonova Muslima]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|munozara]]) 11:04, 2026-yil 4-aprel (UTC)
#[[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 04:39, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Ranoxa|Ranoxa]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Ranoxa|munozara]]) 06:19, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mupapap29|munozara]]) 12:55, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Xyrshid|Xurshid]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Xurshid|munozara]]) 11:29, 2026-yil 9-aprel (UTC)

== Yangi maqolalarni qanday qo‘shish kerak? ==
Maqolalar boshqa tillardan tarjima bo‘lishi mumkin. Eng muhimi, ular yangi yaratilgan yoki sezilarli darajada boyitilgan hamda sifatli bo‘lishi shart. Oylik davomida tahrir qilinadigan maqolalar quyidagi talablarga javob berishi lozim:

* '''Sifati:''' Yangi maqolalarda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oʻchirishga}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Manbasiz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{AT}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' kabi muammoli andozalar bo‘lmasligi kerak.
* '''Ensiklopedik ahamiyat:''' Maqolaga qo‘shilgan ma’lumotlar [[Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik ahamiyat|Ensiklopedik ahamiyat qoidalariga]] mos kelishi shart.
* '''Tekshiriluvchanlik:''' Yangi maqolalarda albatta Manbalar (&lt;nowiki&gt;{{manbalar}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; yoki &lt;nowiki&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;) bo‘lishiga e’tibor bering.
* '''Betaraflik:''' Maqolalar [[Vikipediya:Betaraf nuqtayi nazar|Betaraf nuqtayi nazar]] asosida yozilishi kerak. Shuningdek, ularni rasmlar bilan boyitish va to‘g‘ri formatlash tavsiya etiladi.

'''Ichki havolalar:''' Maqoladagi tushunchalarga ichki havolalar (ko‘k linklar) berishni unutmang.
==== Havolalar va bog‘liqlik ====
Yangi maqola yaratganingizda, boshqa mavjud maqolalardan unga havola berilishiga harakat qiling. Agar maqolaga hech qanday havola olib kelmasa, u &quot;yetim maqola&quot; bo‘lib qoladi va uni boshqalar o‘qishi yoki yaxshilashi ehtimoli kamayadi. Shuningdek, maqolaning boshqa tillardagi variantlarini tekshiring va ularni til bo'limlari (Wikidata) orqali bog‘lang.

==== Munozara va aloqa ====
Loyiha bo‘yicha har qanday savol, taklif yoki e’tirozlaringizni [[Loyiha munozarasi:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|munozara sahifasida]] qoldirishingiz mumkin. Shuningdek, Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalarning munozara sahifasiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini qo‘yish tavsiya etiladi. Bundan tashqari, ushbu oylik [[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik|Mavzuli oylik loyihasi]] doirasida o‘tkazilgani sababli, xohishga ko‘ra &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Mavzuli oylik loyihasi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini ham qo‘shish mumkin. Andozalar faqat munozara sahifasiga joylashtiriladi.

'''Muhim eslatma:''' O‘zbekcha Vikipediya jamoasi odatda, munozaralarda bevosita ishtirok etmaslikka harakat qiladilar. Bu esa ishtirokchilarning o‘z ustida mustaqil ishlashi, qoidalarni chuqurroq o‘rganishi va natijada maqolalar sifatini yanada yuqori darajaga ko‘tarishini ta’minlash maqsadida yo‘lga qo‘yilgan. Ishtirokchilarning o‘zaro hamkorligi va muammolarni mustaqil hal qilishi maqola sifatini yaxshilashning eng samarali yo‘li deb hisoblanadi.

== Loyiha taklifnomasi ==
Agar ushbu loyihada yordam berishi mumkin bo‘lgan biror foydalanuvchini bilsangiz, uni qutlug‘ maqsad yo‘lida hamkorlikka chorlashingiz mumkin. Buning uchun quyidagi maxsus kodni nusxalab, uning munozara sahifasiga joylashtiring.

Biz ishonamizki, siz taklif etgan foydalanuvchilar buyuk ajdodlarimiz — tasavvuf olamining yetuk namoyandasi Xoja Ahmad Yassaviy vorislari, turkman adabiyotining yorqin yulduzi Maxtumquli, buyuk olim Abu Rayhon Beruniy va Sulton Sanjar kabi siymolar yashab o‘tgan, ularning o‘chmas izlari qolgan Turkmaniston zamini haqida maqolalar yaratishga albatta o‘z qiziqishlarini bildiradilar.
{| style=&quot;background-color: #B2FFFF; border: 4px solid #1CAC78&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 2px;&quot; | [[File:Flag and Emblem of Turkmenistan.png|211px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 2px 2px 0 2px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''[[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|Turkmaniston oyligiga taklifnoma!]]'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |
----
Hurmatli vikipediya tahrirchisi!

Sizni O‘zbekcha Vikipediyada o‘tkazilayotgan Mavzuli oylik doirasidagi „Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasida ishtirok etishga taklif qilamiz. Agar ushbu loyiha doirasida yangi maqolalar yaratish yoki mavjudlarini boyitish niyatida bo‘lsangiz, marhamat, o‘z ismingizni ishtirokchilar ro‘yxatiga qo‘shib qo‘ying. Ishtirokingiz va hissangiz uchun oldindan tashakkur! &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}

== Mukofotlar ==
{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#aaffaa}}};&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]}}
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | '''Turkmaniston ordeni'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; |
„Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasidagi faol ishtiroki va Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyani boyitishga qoʻshgan munosib hissasi uchun taqdirlanadi.
|}
Turkmaniston oyligi loyihasi doirasida 5 ta va undan ortiq maqola yaratgan har bir foydalanuvchiga loyiha tashkilotchilari tomonidan „Turkmaniston ordeni“ topshiriladi. Ordenni qoʻlga kiritish uchun yaratilgan maqola ensiklopedik ahamiyatga ega boʻlishi lozim. Har bir maqolaning hajmi kamida 3 000 bayt boʻlishi shart. Maʼlumotlarni tasdiqlovchi kamida bitta ishonchli manba boʻlishi majburiydir. Fidoyilik koʻrsating va oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi „Turkmaniston ordeni“ sohibiga aylaning!

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Doctormeee}}
|Kishilar:
[[Sahat Muradow]] • [[Awdy Kulyýew]] • [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] • [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] • [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] • [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] • [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]]

Sogʻliqni saqlash:

[[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] • [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] • [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] • [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] • [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]]

Madaniyat:

[[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]]
|13
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]]
|[[Ashxobod velotreki]]•[[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]]•[[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]]•[[Ruhyýet saroyi]]
|4
|-
|-
|{{u|Maxamadjonova Muslima}}
|[[Goʻkdepe,Turkmaniston]] • [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]]
|2
|-
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Lochinovamarjona|Marjona]]
|[[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] 
|1
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon]]
|[[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] • [[Berkarar]] • [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]]
|4
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Janob Mirzaolim|Janob Mirzaolim]]
|[[Turkmaniston viloyatlari]] • [[Bayramali tumani]] • [[Taxtabozor tumani]] • [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] • [[Turkmaniston Milliy xavfsizlik vazirligi]]
|5
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan andozalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan andozalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi andoza
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;andozalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Andoza:Turkmaniston siyosati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaxshilangan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz tahrirlangan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Tahrirlangan maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Bolqon viloyati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Roʻyxatlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston qushlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of birds of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston muzeylari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of museums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston oliy oʻquv yurtlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of universities in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston daryolari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of rivers of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston yetakchilari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of leaders of Turkmenistan]])
* [[UNESCOning Turkmanistondagi Butunjahon merosi roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi shahar, shaharcha va qishloqlar roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi futbol stadionlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of football stadiums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Olimpiadada Turkmaniston bayroqdorlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of flag bearers for Turkmenistan at the Olympics]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi temir yo‘l stansiyalari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of railway stations in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}
== Tarix ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tarixi]] ([[:ru:История Туркменистана]])
* [[Kerki bekligi]] ([[:ru:Керкинское бекство]])
* [[Kaspiyorti fronti]] ([[:ru:Закаспийский фронт (Гражданская война)]])
* [[Turkmanlashtirish]] ([[:en:Turkmenization]])
* [[Turkmaniston kommunistik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Коммунистическая партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkman sovet ensiklopediyasi]] ([[:ru:Туркменская советская энциклопедия]])
* [[Turkmaniston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi bayrogʻi]] ([[:en:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]])
* [[Malleson missiyasi]] ([[:en:Malleson mission]])
* [[Gökdepe jangi]] ([[:en:Battle of Geok Tepe]])
* [[Kushka jangi]] ([[:ru:Бой на Кушке]], [[:en:Panjdeh incident]])
* [[Yoz madaniyati]] ([[:en:Yaz culture]])
* [[Betaraflik kuni]] ([[:en:Day of Neutrality]])
* [[Xiva xonligida qul savdosi]] ([[:en:Khivan slave trade]])
* [[2000-yilgi Turkmaniston zilzilasi]] ([[:en:2000 Turkmenistan earthquake]])
* [[Marv jangi (1221)]] ([[:en:Siege of Merv (1221)]])
{{colend}}
== Geografiya ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Bodxiz-Qorabel chalachoʻli]] ([[:en:Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert]])
* [[Turkmaniston geografiyasi]] ([[:en:Geography of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ashxobod hayvonot bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Zoo]])
* [[Repetek qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:en:Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]])
* [[Kopetdogʻ qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Копетдагский заповедник]])
* [[Gökdepe]] ([[:en:Gökdepe]])
* [[Qoraboʻgʻoz]] ([[:en:Garabogaz]])
* [[1895-yilgi Bolxon zilzilasi]] ([[:en:1895 Balkan earthquake]])
* [[1929-yilgi Kopetdogʻ zilzilasi]] ([[:en:]])
* [[Dinozavrlar platosi]] ([[:en:Dinosaur Plateau]])
* [[Hovuzxon suv ombori]] ([[:ru:Хаузханское водохранилище]])
* [[Mahtumquli Firogʻiy istirohat bogʻi]] ([[:en:Magtymguly Pyragy Cultural Park Complex]])
* [[Ashxobod botanika bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Botanical Garden]])
* [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] ([[:en:Time in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Qoplonqir qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Капланкырский заповедник]])
{{colend}}

== Siyosat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati]] ([[:en:Foreign relations of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat tuzumi]] ([[:en:Politics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]] ([[:en:Constitution of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] ([[:en:Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Turkmaniston Majlisi]] ([[:en:Assembly of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Davlat Xavfsizlik Kengashi]] ([[:en:State Security Council of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda inson huquqlari]] ([[:en:Human rights in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Agrar partiyasi]] ([[:ru:Аграрная партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkmaniston Demokratik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Democratic Party of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Xalq Maslahati]] ([[:en:People's Council of Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Iqtisod ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
*[[Turkmaniston iqtisodiyoti]] ([[:en:Economy of Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmaniston moliya va iqtisodiyot vazirligi]] ([[:en:Ministry of Finance (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Turkmanistonda baliqchilik sanoati]] ([[:en:Fishing industry in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda neft va tabiiy gazni qayta ishlash]] ([[:en:Oil and natural gas refining in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda korrupsiya]] ([[:en:Corruption in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda qishloq xoʻjaligi]] ([[:en:Agriculture in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Halkbank (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Halkbank (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Türkmennebit]] ([[:en:Türkmennebit]])
*[[Altyn Asyr]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr (mobile operator)]])
*[[Altyn Asyr bozori]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr Bazaar]])
{{colend}}

== Sport ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston Superkubogi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Super Cup]])
* [[Balkan Botevgrad (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Balkan Botevgrad]])
* [[Energetik Mary (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Energetik Mary]])
* [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Gara Altyn]])
* [[Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap]])
* [[Şagadam (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:Şagadam FK]])
{{colend}}

== Bino va inshootlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod velotreki]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Velodrome]])
* [[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat railway station]])
* [[Ruhyýet saroyi]] ([[:en:Ruhyýet Palace]])
* [[Betaraflik yodgorligi]] ([[:en:Neutrality Monument]])
* [[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Tower]])
* [[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Independence Monument (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Alp Arslon nomidagi Turkman milliy drama teatri]] ([[:en:Alp Arslan National Drama Theatre]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat kutubxonasi]] ([[:ru:Государственная библиотека Туркменистана]])
* [[Avliyo Aleksandr Nevskiy cherkovi]] ([[:en:St. Alexander Nevsky Church, Ashgabat]])
* [[Berkarar]] ([[:en:Berkarar]])
{{colend}}

== Madaniyat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]] ([[:en:Ashgabat cinema]])
* [[Turkmaniston kinosi]] ([[:en:Cinema of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Karakum]] ([[:en:Karakum (film)]])
* [[Gelin]] ([[:en:Daughter-In-Law]])
* [[Turkman oshxonasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen cuisine]])
* [[Turkman adabiyoti]] ([[:en:Turkmen literature]])
* [[Turkmaniston musiqasi]] ([[:en:Music of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ishlekli]] ([[:en:Ishlykly]])
* [[Turkmanistonda ommaviy axborot vositalari]] ([[:en:Mass media in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda televideniye]] ([[:en:Television in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Kishilar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Sahat Muradow]] ([[:en:Sakhat Muradov]])
* [[Awdy Kulyýew]] ([[:en:Awdy Kulyýew]])
* [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] ([[:ru:Атаева, Аксолтан Тореевна]])
* [[Rejepbaý Arazow]] ([[:en:Rejepbaý Arazow]])
* [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] ([[:en:Ýaýlym Berdiýew]])
* [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] ([[:en:Begenç Gündogdyýew]])
* [[Hojaguly Narlyýew]] ([[:ru:Нарлиев, Ходжакули]])
* [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]] ([[:en:Shamuhammet Durdylyyev]])
* [[Gülşat Mämmedowa]] ([[:ru:Маммедова, Гульшат Сахыевна]])
* [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] ([[:ru:Аннакулиева, Аннагуль Аннамурадовна]])
* [[Gurbannazar Ezizow]] ([[:en:Gurbannazar Ezizow]])
* [[Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]] ([[:en:Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]])
* [[Jānis Mežlauks]] ([[:ru:Межлаук, Иван Иванович]])
* [[Muhammetnazar Gapurow]] ([[:ru:Гапуров, Мухамедназар Гапурович]])
{{colend}}

== Taʼlim ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda taʼlim]] ([[:en:Education in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston axborot av telekommunikatsiyalar instituti]] ([[:en:Institute of Telecommunications and Informatics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkman milliy konservatoriyasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen National Conservatory]])
* [[Turkmaniston jismoniy tarbiya va sport instituti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Institute of Physical Education and Sports]])
* [[Turkmaniston qishloq xoʻjaligi universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen Agricultural University]])
* [[Turkman davlat tibbiyot universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Medical University]])
* [[Turkmaniston mudofaa vazirligi harbiy instuituti]] ([[:en:Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Xalqaro turkman-turk universiteti]] ([[:ru:Международный туркмено-турецкий университет]])
* [[Turkmaniston TIV Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti]] ([[:ru:Институт международных отношений МИД Туркменистана]])
* [[Berdimuhamed Annaýew nomidagi harbiy maktab]] ([[:en:Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School]])
{{colend}}

== Sogʻliqni saqlash ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] ([[:en:Healthcare in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] ([[:en:Health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] ([[:en:Mental health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр травматологии]])
* [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] ([[:ru:Онкологический центр (Ашхабад)]]
* [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр лечения глазных болезней]])
{{colend}}

== Havolalar == 
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Yangi oyliklarni tanlash/Navigatsion andozasi}}
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Navigatsion andozasi}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:36:31Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar */</comment>
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----

„Turkmaniston oyligi“ — „Mavzuli oylik“ loyihasining bir qismi sifatida [[Turkmaniston]], uning aholisi, boy madaniyati, qadimiy tarixi va boshqa sohalariga oid maqolalarni yaratish hamda mavjudlarini boyitish maqsadida tashkil etiladi.

Loyiha Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi Turkmaniston haqida yozilgan maqolalardagi boʻshliqlarni toʻldirish, ayniqsa, mintaqadagi [[turkman tili]] va oʻzbek-turkman madaniy aloqalariga, shuningdek, u yerdagi oʻzbek merosiga oid maʼlumotlarni koʻpaytirishni maqsad qilgan.

Muddat: 2026-yilning [[1-aprel|1-apreldan]] [[30-aprel|30-aprelgacha.]]

Yoʻnalish: Ingliz, turk va rus tillaridagi Vikipediyalardan maʼlumotlarni oʻzbek tiliga mahorat bilan tarjima qilish va ensiklopedik shaklda qilib boyitish tavsiya etiladi.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
Agar siz ushbu loyihada ishtirok etishni istasangiz, quyidagi roʻyxatga oʻz ismingizni qoʻshib qoʻying. Buning uchun shunchaki hash belgisi va toʻrtta tilda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;(#uzb9)&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' belgisini yozsangiz kifoya qiladi— sahifani  saqlaganingizdan soʻng foydalanuvchi nomingiz avtomatik ravishda paydo boʻladi.

Roʻyxatdan oʻtish ramziy maʼnoga ega boʻlib, u loyihada qancha kishi hamkorlik qilishga tayyor ekanligini bilish imkonini beradi. Bu hech qanday majburiyat yuklamaydi va sizga qoʻshimcha vazifalar qoʻymaydi.

#[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 14:47, 2026-yil 2-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|Maxamadjonova Muslima]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|munozara]]) 11:04, 2026-yil 4-aprel (UTC)
#[[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 04:39, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Ranoxa|Ranoxa]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Ranoxa|munozara]]) 06:19, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mupapap29|munozara]]) 12:55, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Xyrshid|Xurshid]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Xurshid|munozara]]) 11:29, 2026-yil 9-aprel (UTC)

== Yangi maqolalarni qanday qo‘shish kerak? ==
Maqolalar boshqa tillardan tarjima bo‘lishi mumkin. Eng muhimi, ular yangi yaratilgan yoki sezilarli darajada boyitilgan hamda sifatli bo‘lishi shart. Oylik davomida tahrir qilinadigan maqolalar quyidagi talablarga javob berishi lozim:

* '''Sifati:''' Yangi maqolalarda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oʻchirishga}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Manbasiz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{AT}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' kabi muammoli andozalar bo‘lmasligi kerak.
* '''Ensiklopedik ahamiyat:''' Maqolaga qo‘shilgan ma’lumotlar [[Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik ahamiyat|Ensiklopedik ahamiyat qoidalariga]] mos kelishi shart.
* '''Tekshiriluvchanlik:''' Yangi maqolalarda albatta Manbalar (&lt;nowiki&gt;{{manbalar}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; yoki &lt;nowiki&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;) bo‘lishiga e’tibor bering.
* '''Betaraflik:''' Maqolalar [[Vikipediya:Betaraf nuqtayi nazar|Betaraf nuqtayi nazar]] asosida yozilishi kerak. Shuningdek, ularni rasmlar bilan boyitish va to‘g‘ri formatlash tavsiya etiladi.

'''Ichki havolalar:''' Maqoladagi tushunchalarga ichki havolalar (ko‘k linklar) berishni unutmang.
==== Havolalar va bog‘liqlik ====
Yangi maqola yaratganingizda, boshqa mavjud maqolalardan unga havola berilishiga harakat qiling. Agar maqolaga hech qanday havola olib kelmasa, u &quot;yetim maqola&quot; bo‘lib qoladi va uni boshqalar o‘qishi yoki yaxshilashi ehtimoli kamayadi. Shuningdek, maqolaning boshqa tillardagi variantlarini tekshiring va ularni til bo'limlari (Wikidata) orqali bog‘lang.

==== Munozara va aloqa ====
Loyiha bo‘yicha har qanday savol, taklif yoki e’tirozlaringizni [[Loyiha munozarasi:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|munozara sahifasida]] qoldirishingiz mumkin. Shuningdek, Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalarning munozara sahifasiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini qo‘yish tavsiya etiladi. Bundan tashqari, ushbu oylik [[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik|Mavzuli oylik loyihasi]] doirasida o‘tkazilgani sababli, xohishga ko‘ra &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Mavzuli oylik loyihasi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini ham qo‘shish mumkin. Andozalar faqat munozara sahifasiga joylashtiriladi.

'''Muhim eslatma:''' O‘zbekcha Vikipediya jamoasi odatda, munozaralarda bevosita ishtirok etmaslikka harakat qiladilar. Bu esa ishtirokchilarning o‘z ustida mustaqil ishlashi, qoidalarni chuqurroq o‘rganishi va natijada maqolalar sifatini yanada yuqori darajaga ko‘tarishini ta’minlash maqsadida yo‘lga qo‘yilgan. Ishtirokchilarning o‘zaro hamkorligi va muammolarni mustaqil hal qilishi maqola sifatini yaxshilashning eng samarali yo‘li deb hisoblanadi.

== Loyiha taklifnomasi ==
Agar ushbu loyihada yordam berishi mumkin bo‘lgan biror foydalanuvchini bilsangiz, uni qutlug‘ maqsad yo‘lida hamkorlikka chorlashingiz mumkin. Buning uchun quyidagi maxsus kodni nusxalab, uning munozara sahifasiga joylashtiring.

Biz ishonamizki, siz taklif etgan foydalanuvchilar buyuk ajdodlarimiz — tasavvuf olamining yetuk namoyandasi Xoja Ahmad Yassaviy vorislari, turkman adabiyotining yorqin yulduzi Maxtumquli, buyuk olim Abu Rayhon Beruniy va Sulton Sanjar kabi siymolar yashab o‘tgan, ularning o‘chmas izlari qolgan Turkmaniston zamini haqida maqolalar yaratishga albatta o‘z qiziqishlarini bildiradilar.
{| style=&quot;background-color: #B2FFFF; border: 4px solid #1CAC78&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 2px;&quot; | [[File:Flag and Emblem of Turkmenistan.png|211px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 2px 2px 0 2px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''[[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|Turkmaniston oyligiga taklifnoma!]]'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |
----
Hurmatli vikipediya tahrirchisi!

Sizni O‘zbekcha Vikipediyada o‘tkazilayotgan Mavzuli oylik doirasidagi „Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasida ishtirok etishga taklif qilamiz. Agar ushbu loyiha doirasida yangi maqolalar yaratish yoki mavjudlarini boyitish niyatida bo‘lsangiz, marhamat, o‘z ismingizni ishtirokchilar ro‘yxatiga qo‘shib qo‘ying. Ishtirokingiz va hissangiz uchun oldindan tashakkur! &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}

== Mukofotlar ==
{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#aaffaa}}};&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]}}
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | '''Turkmaniston ordeni'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; |
„Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasidagi faol ishtiroki va Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyani boyitishga qoʻshgan munosib hissasi uchun taqdirlanadi.
|}
Turkmaniston oyligi loyihasi doirasida 5 ta va undan ortiq maqola yaratgan har bir foydalanuvchiga loyiha tashkilotchilari tomonidan „Turkmaniston ordeni“ topshiriladi. Ordenni qoʻlga kiritish uchun yaratilgan maqola ensiklopedik ahamiyatga ega boʻlishi lozim. Har bir maqolaning hajmi kamida 3 000 bayt boʻlishi shart. Maʼlumotlarni tasdiqlovchi kamida bitta ishonchli manba boʻlishi majburiydir. Fidoyilik koʻrsating va oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi „Turkmaniston ordeni“ sohibiga aylaning!

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Doctormeee}}
|Kishilar:
[[Sahat Muradow]] • [[Awdy Kulyýew]] • [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] • [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] • [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] • [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] • [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]]

Sogʻliqni saqlash:

[[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] • [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] • [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] • [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] • [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]]

Madaniyat:

[[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]] • [[Turkman adabiyoti]]
|14
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]]
|[[Ashxobod velotreki]]•[[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]]•[[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]]•[[Ruhyýet saroyi]]
|4
|-
|-
|{{u|Maxamadjonova Muslima}}
|[[Goʻkdepe,Turkmaniston]] • [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]]
|2
|-
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Lochinovamarjona|Marjona]]
|[[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] 
|1
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon]]
|[[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] • [[Berkarar]] • [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]]
|4
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Janob Mirzaolim|Janob Mirzaolim]]
|[[Turkmaniston viloyatlari]] • [[Bayramali tumani]] • [[Taxtabozor tumani]] • [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] • [[Turkmaniston Milliy xavfsizlik vazirligi]]
|5
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan andozalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan andozalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi andoza
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;andozalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Andoza:Turkmaniston siyosati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaxshilangan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz tahrirlangan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Tahrirlangan maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Bolqon viloyati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Roʻyxatlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston qushlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of birds of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston muzeylari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of museums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston oliy oʻquv yurtlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of universities in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston daryolari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of rivers of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston yetakchilari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of leaders of Turkmenistan]])
* [[UNESCOning Turkmanistondagi Butunjahon merosi roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi shahar, shaharcha va qishloqlar roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi futbol stadionlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of football stadiums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Olimpiadada Turkmaniston bayroqdorlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of flag bearers for Turkmenistan at the Olympics]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi temir yo‘l stansiyalari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of railway stations in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}
== Tarix ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tarixi]] ([[:ru:История Туркменистана]])
* [[Kerki bekligi]] ([[:ru:Керкинское бекство]])
* [[Kaspiyorti fronti]] ([[:ru:Закаспийский фронт (Гражданская война)]])
* [[Turkmanlashtirish]] ([[:en:Turkmenization]])
* [[Turkmaniston kommunistik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Коммунистическая партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkman sovet ensiklopediyasi]] ([[:ru:Туркменская советская энциклопедия]])
* [[Turkmaniston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi bayrogʻi]] ([[:en:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]])
* [[Malleson missiyasi]] ([[:en:Malleson mission]])
* [[Gökdepe jangi]] ([[:en:Battle of Geok Tepe]])
* [[Kushka jangi]] ([[:ru:Бой на Кушке]], [[:en:Panjdeh incident]])
* [[Yoz madaniyati]] ([[:en:Yaz culture]])
* [[Betaraflik kuni]] ([[:en:Day of Neutrality]])
* [[Xiva xonligida qul savdosi]] ([[:en:Khivan slave trade]])
* [[2000-yilgi Turkmaniston zilzilasi]] ([[:en:2000 Turkmenistan earthquake]])
* [[Marv jangi (1221)]] ([[:en:Siege of Merv (1221)]])
{{colend}}
== Geografiya ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Bodxiz-Qorabel chalachoʻli]] ([[:en:Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert]])
* [[Turkmaniston geografiyasi]] ([[:en:Geography of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ashxobod hayvonot bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Zoo]])
* [[Repetek qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:en:Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]])
* [[Kopetdogʻ qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Копетдагский заповедник]])
* [[Gökdepe]] ([[:en:Gökdepe]])
* [[Qoraboʻgʻoz]] ([[:en:Garabogaz]])
* [[1895-yilgi Bolxon zilzilasi]] ([[:en:1895 Balkan earthquake]])
* [[1929-yilgi Kopetdogʻ zilzilasi]] ([[:en:]])
* [[Dinozavrlar platosi]] ([[:en:Dinosaur Plateau]])
* [[Hovuzxon suv ombori]] ([[:ru:Хаузханское водохранилище]])
* [[Mahtumquli Firogʻiy istirohat bogʻi]] ([[:en:Magtymguly Pyragy Cultural Park Complex]])
* [[Ashxobod botanika bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Botanical Garden]])
* [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] ([[:en:Time in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Qoplonqir qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Капланкырский заповедник]])
{{colend}}

== Siyosat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati]] ([[:en:Foreign relations of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat tuzumi]] ([[:en:Politics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]] ([[:en:Constitution of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] ([[:en:Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Turkmaniston Majlisi]] ([[:en:Assembly of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Davlat Xavfsizlik Kengashi]] ([[:en:State Security Council of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda inson huquqlari]] ([[:en:Human rights in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Agrar partiyasi]] ([[:ru:Аграрная партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkmaniston Demokratik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Democratic Party of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Xalq Maslahati]] ([[:en:People's Council of Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Iqtisod ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
*[[Turkmaniston iqtisodiyoti]] ([[:en:Economy of Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmaniston moliya va iqtisodiyot vazirligi]] ([[:en:Ministry of Finance (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Turkmanistonda baliqchilik sanoati]] ([[:en:Fishing industry in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda neft va tabiiy gazni qayta ishlash]] ([[:en:Oil and natural gas refining in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda korrupsiya]] ([[:en:Corruption in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda qishloq xoʻjaligi]] ([[:en:Agriculture in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Halkbank (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Halkbank (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Türkmennebit]] ([[:en:Türkmennebit]])
*[[Altyn Asyr]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr (mobile operator)]])
*[[Altyn Asyr bozori]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr Bazaar]])
{{colend}}

== Sport ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston Superkubogi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Super Cup]])
* [[Balkan Botevgrad (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Balkan Botevgrad]])
* [[Energetik Mary (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Energetik Mary]])
* [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Gara Altyn]])
* [[Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap]])
* [[Şagadam (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:Şagadam FK]])
{{colend}}

== Bino va inshootlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod velotreki]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Velodrome]])
* [[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat railway station]])
* [[Ruhyýet saroyi]] ([[:en:Ruhyýet Palace]])
* [[Betaraflik yodgorligi]] ([[:en:Neutrality Monument]])
* [[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Tower]])
* [[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Independence Monument (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Alp Arslon nomidagi Turkman milliy drama teatri]] ([[:en:Alp Arslan National Drama Theatre]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat kutubxonasi]] ([[:ru:Государственная библиотека Туркменистана]])
* [[Avliyo Aleksandr Nevskiy cherkovi]] ([[:en:St. Alexander Nevsky Church, Ashgabat]])
* [[Berkarar]] ([[:en:Berkarar]])
{{colend}}

== Madaniyat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]] ([[:en:Ashgabat cinema]])
* [[Turkmaniston kinosi]] ([[:en:Cinema of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Karakum]] ([[:en:Karakum (film)]])
* [[Gelin]] ([[:en:Daughter-In-Law]])
* [[Turkman oshxonasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen cuisine]])
* [[Turkman adabiyoti]] ([[:en:Turkmen literature]])
* [[Turkmaniston musiqasi]] ([[:en:Music of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ishlekli]] ([[:en:Ishlykly]])
* [[Turkmanistonda ommaviy axborot vositalari]] ([[:en:Mass media in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda televideniye]] ([[:en:Television in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Kishilar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Sahat Muradow]] ([[:en:Sakhat Muradov]])
* [[Awdy Kulyýew]] ([[:en:Awdy Kulyýew]])
* [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] ([[:ru:Атаева, Аксолтан Тореевна]])
* [[Rejepbaý Arazow]] ([[:en:Rejepbaý Arazow]])
* [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] ([[:en:Ýaýlym Berdiýew]])
* [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] ([[:en:Begenç Gündogdyýew]])
* [[Hojaguly Narlyýew]] ([[:ru:Нарлиев, Ходжакули]])
* [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]] ([[:en:Shamuhammet Durdylyyev]])
* [[Gülşat Mämmedowa]] ([[:ru:Маммедова, Гульшат Сахыевна]])
* [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] ([[:ru:Аннакулиева, Аннагуль Аннамурадовна]])
* [[Gurbannazar Ezizow]] ([[:en:Gurbannazar Ezizow]])
* [[Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]] ([[:en:Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]])
* [[Jānis Mežlauks]] ([[:ru:Межлаук, Иван Иванович]])
* [[Muhammetnazar Gapurow]] ([[:ru:Гапуров, Мухамедназар Гапурович]])
{{colend}}

== Taʼlim ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda taʼlim]] ([[:en:Education in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston axborot av telekommunikatsiyalar instituti]] ([[:en:Institute of Telecommunications and Informatics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkman milliy konservatoriyasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen National Conservatory]])
* [[Turkmaniston jismoniy tarbiya va sport instituti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Institute of Physical Education and Sports]])
* [[Turkmaniston qishloq xoʻjaligi universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen Agricultural University]])
* [[Turkman davlat tibbiyot universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Medical University]])
* [[Turkmaniston mudofaa vazirligi harbiy instuituti]] ([[:en:Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Xalqaro turkman-turk universiteti]] ([[:ru:Международный туркмено-турецкий университет]])
* [[Turkmaniston TIV Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti]] ([[:ru:Институт международных отношений МИД Туркменистана]])
* [[Berdimuhamed Annaýew nomidagi harbiy maktab]] ([[:en:Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School]])
{{colend}}

== Sogʻliqni saqlash ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] ([[:en:Healthcare in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] ([[:en:Health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] ([[:en:Mental health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр травматологии]])
* [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] ([[:ru:Онкологический центр (Ашхабад)]]
* [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр лечения глазных болезней]])
{{colend}}

== Havolalar == 
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Yangi oyliklarni tanlash/Navigatsion andozasi}}
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Navigatsion andozasi}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:56:48Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mupapap29</username>
        <id>201910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar */</comment>
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----

„Turkmaniston oyligi“ — „Mavzuli oylik“ loyihasining bir qismi sifatida [[Turkmaniston]], uning aholisi, boy madaniyati, qadimiy tarixi va boshqa sohalariga oid maqolalarni yaratish hamda mavjudlarini boyitish maqsadida tashkil etiladi.

Loyiha Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi Turkmaniston haqida yozilgan maqolalardagi boʻshliqlarni toʻldirish, ayniqsa, mintaqadagi [[turkman tili]] va oʻzbek-turkman madaniy aloqalariga, shuningdek, u yerdagi oʻzbek merosiga oid maʼlumotlarni koʻpaytirishni maqsad qilgan.

Muddat: 2026-yilning [[1-aprel|1-apreldan]] [[30-aprel|30-aprelgacha.]]

Yoʻnalish: Ingliz, turk va rus tillaridagi Vikipediyalardan maʼlumotlarni oʻzbek tiliga mahorat bilan tarjima qilish va ensiklopedik shaklda qilib boyitish tavsiya etiladi.

== Ishtirokchilar ==
Agar siz ushbu loyihada ishtirok etishni istasangiz, quyidagi roʻyxatga oʻz ismingizni qoʻshib qoʻying. Buning uchun shunchaki hash belgisi va toʻrtta tilda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;(#uzb9)&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' belgisini yozsangiz kifoya qiladi— sahifani  saqlaganingizdan soʻng foydalanuvchi nomingiz avtomatik ravishda paydo boʻladi.

Roʻyxatdan oʻtish ramziy maʼnoga ega boʻlib, u loyihada qancha kishi hamkorlik qilishga tayyor ekanligini bilish imkonini beradi. Bu hech qanday majburiyat yuklamaydi va sizga qoʻshimcha vazifalar qoʻymaydi.

#[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 14:47, 2026-yil 2-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|Maxamadjonova Muslima]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Maxamadjonova Muslima|munozara]]) 11:04, 2026-yil 4-aprel (UTC)
#[[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 04:39, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Ranoxa|Ranoxa]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Ranoxa|munozara]]) 06:19, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mupapap29|munozara]]) 12:55, 2026-yil 6-aprel (UTC)
#[[Foydalanuvchi:Xyrshid|Xurshid]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Xurshid|munozara]]) 11:29, 2026-yil 9-aprel (UTC)

== Yangi maqolalarni qanday qo‘shish kerak? ==
Maqolalar boshqa tillardan tarjima bo‘lishi mumkin. Eng muhimi, ular yangi yaratilgan yoki sezilarli darajada boyitilgan hamda sifatli bo‘lishi shart. Oylik davomida tahrir qilinadigan maqolalar quyidagi talablarga javob berishi lozim:

* '''Sifati:''' Yangi maqolalarda '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Oʻchirishga}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Manbasiz}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''', '''&lt;nowiki&gt;{{AT}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' kabi muammoli andozalar bo‘lmasligi kerak.
* '''Ensiklopedik ahamiyat:''' Maqolaga qo‘shilgan ma’lumotlar [[Vikipediya:Ensiklopedik ahamiyat|Ensiklopedik ahamiyat qoidalariga]] mos kelishi shart.
* '''Tekshiriluvchanlik:''' Yangi maqolalarda albatta Manbalar (&lt;nowiki&gt;{{manbalar}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; yoki &lt;nowiki&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;) bo‘lishiga e’tibor bering.
* '''Betaraflik:''' Maqolalar [[Vikipediya:Betaraf nuqtayi nazar|Betaraf nuqtayi nazar]] asosida yozilishi kerak. Shuningdek, ularni rasmlar bilan boyitish va to‘g‘ri formatlash tavsiya etiladi.

'''Ichki havolalar:''' Maqoladagi tushunchalarga ichki havolalar (ko‘k linklar) berishni unutmang.
==== Havolalar va bog‘liqlik ====
Yangi maqola yaratganingizda, boshqa mavjud maqolalardan unga havola berilishiga harakat qiling. Agar maqolaga hech qanday havola olib kelmasa, u &quot;yetim maqola&quot; bo‘lib qoladi va uni boshqalar o‘qishi yoki yaxshilashi ehtimoli kamayadi. Shuningdek, maqolaning boshqa tillardagi variantlarini tekshiring va ularni til bo'limlari (Wikidata) orqali bog‘lang.

==== Munozara va aloqa ====
Loyiha bo‘yicha har qanday savol, taklif yoki e’tirozlaringizni [[Loyiha munozarasi:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|munozara sahifasida]] qoldirishingiz mumkin. Shuningdek, Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalarning munozara sahifasiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini qo‘yish tavsiya etiladi. Bundan tashqari, ushbu oylik [[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik|Mavzuli oylik loyihasi]] doirasida o‘tkazilgani sababli, xohishga ko‘ra &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Mavzuli oylik loyihasi}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; andozasini ham qo‘shish mumkin. Andozalar faqat munozara sahifasiga joylashtiriladi.

'''Muhim eslatma:''' O‘zbekcha Vikipediya jamoasi odatda, munozaralarda bevosita ishtirok etmaslikka harakat qiladilar. Bu esa ishtirokchilarning o‘z ustida mustaqil ishlashi, qoidalarni chuqurroq o‘rganishi va natijada maqolalar sifatini yanada yuqori darajaga ko‘tarishini ta’minlash maqsadida yo‘lga qo‘yilgan. Ishtirokchilarning o‘zaro hamkorligi va muammolarni mustaqil hal qilishi maqola sifatini yaxshilashning eng samarali yo‘li deb hisoblanadi.

== Loyiha taklifnomasi ==
Agar ushbu loyihada yordam berishi mumkin bo‘lgan biror foydalanuvchini bilsangiz, uni qutlug‘ maqsad yo‘lida hamkorlikka chorlashingiz mumkin. Buning uchun quyidagi maxsus kodni nusxalab, uning munozara sahifasiga joylashtiring.

Biz ishonamizki, siz taklif etgan foydalanuvchilar buyuk ajdodlarimiz — tasavvuf olamining yetuk namoyandasi Xoja Ahmad Yassaviy vorislari, turkman adabiyotining yorqin yulduzi Maxtumquli, buyuk olim Abu Rayhon Beruniy va Sulton Sanjar kabi siymolar yashab o‘tgan, ularning o‘chmas izlari qolgan Turkmaniston zamini haqida maqolalar yaratishga albatta o‘z qiziqishlarini bildiradilar.
{| style=&quot;background-color: #B2FFFF; border: 4px solid #1CAC78&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 2px;&quot; | [[File:Flag and Emblem of Turkmenistan.png|211px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 2px 2px 0 2px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''[[Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Turkmaniston oyligi|Turkmaniston oyligiga taklifnoma!]]'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |
----
Hurmatli vikipediya tahrirchisi!

Sizni O‘zbekcha Vikipediyada o‘tkazilayotgan Mavzuli oylik doirasidagi „Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasida ishtirok etishga taklif qilamiz. Agar ushbu loyiha doirasida yangi maqolalar yaratish yoki mavjudlarini boyitish niyatida bo‘lsangiz, marhamat, o‘z ismingizni ishtirokchilar ro‘yxatiga qo‘shib qo‘ying. Ishtirokingiz va hissangiz uchun oldindan tashakkur! &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}

== Mukofotlar ==
{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid {{{border|gray}}}; background-color: {{{color|#aaffaa}}};&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:BoNM - Turkmenistan Hires.png|100px]]}}
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | '''Turkmaniston ordeni'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; |
„Turkmaniston oyligi“ loyihasidagi faol ishtiroki va Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyani boyitishga qoʻshgan munosib hissasi uchun taqdirlanadi.
|}
Turkmaniston oyligi loyihasi doirasida 5 ta va undan ortiq maqola yaratgan har bir foydalanuvchiga loyiha tashkilotchilari tomonidan „Turkmaniston ordeni“ topshiriladi. Ordenni qoʻlga kiritish uchun yaratilgan maqola ensiklopedik ahamiyatga ega boʻlishi lozim. Har bir maqolaning hajmi kamida 3 000 bayt boʻlishi shart. Maʼlumotlarni tasdiqlovchi kamida bitta ishonchli manba boʻlishi majburiydir. Fidoyilik koʻrsating va oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi „Turkmaniston ordeni“ sohibiga aylaning!

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Doctormeee}}
|Kishilar:
[[Sahat Muradow]] • [[Awdy Kulyýew]] • [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] • [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] • [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] • [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] • [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]]

Sogʻliqni saqlash:

[[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] • [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] • [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] • [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] • [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]]

Madaniyat:

[[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]] • [[Turkman adabiyoti]]
|14
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Mupapap29|Mupapap]]
|[[Ashxobod velotreki]]•[[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]]•[[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]]•[[Ruhyýet saroyi]]•[[Betaraflik yodgorligi]]
|5
|-
|-
|{{u|Maxamadjonova Muslima}}
|[[Goʻkdepe,Turkmaniston]] • [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]]
|2
|-
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Lochinovamarjona|Marjona]]
|[[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] 
|1
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon]]
|[[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] • [[Berkarar]] • [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]]
|4
|-
|[[Foydalanuvchi:Janob Mirzaolim|Janob Mirzaolim]]
|[[Turkmaniston viloyatlari]] • [[Bayramali tumani]] • [[Taxtabozor tumani]] • [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] • [[Turkmaniston Milliy xavfsizlik vazirligi]]
|5
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaratilgan andozalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz yaratgan andozalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Yangi andoza
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;andozalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Andoza:Turkmaniston siyosati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Turkmaniston oyligi doirasida yaxshilangan maqolalar ==
Siz ushbu boʻlimga oʻzingiz tahrirlangan maqolalarni qoʻshib boring.
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;
|-
!Ishtirokchi
!class=unsortable|Tahrirlangan maqola
!Umumiy&lt;br /&gt;maqolalar&lt;br /&gt;soni
|-
|{{u|Janob Mirzaolim}}
|[[Bolqon viloyati]] •
|1
|-
|}

== Roʻyxatlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston qushlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of birds of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston muzeylari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of museums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston oliy oʻquv yurtlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of universities in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston daryolari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of rivers of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston yetakchilari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of leaders of Turkmenistan]])
* [[UNESCOning Turkmanistondagi Butunjahon merosi roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi shahar, shaharcha va qishloqlar roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi futbol stadionlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of football stadiums in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Olimpiadada Turkmaniston bayroqdorlari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of flag bearers for Turkmenistan at the Olympics]])
* [[Turkmanistondagi temir yo‘l stansiyalari roʻyxati]] ([[:en:List of railway stations in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}
== Tarix ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tarixi]] ([[:ru:История Туркменистана]])
* [[Kerki bekligi]] ([[:ru:Керкинское бекство]])
* [[Kaspiyorti fronti]] ([[:ru:Закаспийский фронт (Гражданская война)]])
* [[Turkmanlashtirish]] ([[:en:Turkmenization]])
* [[Turkmaniston kommunistik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Коммунистическая партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkman sovet ensiklopediyasi]] ([[:ru:Туркменская советская энциклопедия]])
* [[Turkmaniston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi bayrogʻi]] ([[:en:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]])
* [[Malleson missiyasi]] ([[:en:Malleson mission]])
* [[Gökdepe jangi]] ([[:en:Battle of Geok Tepe]])
* [[Kushka jangi]] ([[:ru:Бой на Кушке]], [[:en:Panjdeh incident]])
* [[Yoz madaniyati]] ([[:en:Yaz culture]])
* [[Betaraflik kuni]] ([[:en:Day of Neutrality]])
* [[Xiva xonligida qul savdosi]] ([[:en:Khivan slave trade]])
* [[2000-yilgi Turkmaniston zilzilasi]] ([[:en:2000 Turkmenistan earthquake]])
* [[Marv jangi (1221)]] ([[:en:Siege of Merv (1221)]])
{{colend}}
== Geografiya ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Bodxiz-Qorabel chalachoʻli]] ([[:en:Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert]])
* [[Turkmaniston geografiyasi]] ([[:en:Geography of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ashxobod hayvonot bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Zoo]])
* [[Repetek qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:en:Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]])
* [[Kopetdogʻ qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Копетдагский заповедник]])
* [[Gökdepe]] ([[:en:Gökdepe]])
* [[Qoraboʻgʻoz]] ([[:en:Garabogaz]])
* [[1895-yilgi Bolxon zilzilasi]] ([[:en:1895 Balkan earthquake]])
* [[1929-yilgi Kopetdogʻ zilzilasi]] ([[:en:]])
* [[Dinozavrlar platosi]] ([[:en:Dinosaur Plateau]])
* [[Hovuzxon suv ombori]] ([[:ru:Хаузханское водохранилище]])
* [[Mahtumquli Firogʻiy istirohat bogʻi]] ([[:en:Magtymguly Pyragy Cultural Park Complex]])
* [[Ashxobod botanika bogʻi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Botanical Garden]])
* [[Turkmanistonda vaqt]] ([[:en:Time in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Qoplonqir qoʻriqxonasi]] ([[:ru:Капланкырский заповедник]])
{{colend}}

== Siyosat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati]] ([[:en:Foreign relations of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat tuzumi]] ([[:en:Politics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi]] ([[:en:Constitution of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi]] ([[:en:Cabinet of Ministers (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Turkmaniston Majlisi]] ([[:en:Assembly of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Davlat Xavfsizlik Kengashi]] ([[:en:State Security Council of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda inson huquqlari]] ([[:en:Human rights in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Agrar partiyasi]] ([[:ru:Аграрная партия Туркменистана]])
* [[Turkmaniston Demokratik partiyasi]] ([[:en:Democratic Party of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston Xalq Maslahati]] ([[:en:People's Council of Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Iqtisod ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
*[[Turkmaniston iqtisodiyoti]] ([[:en:Economy of Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmaniston moliya va iqtisodiyot vazirligi]] ([[:en:Ministry of Finance (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Turkmanistonda baliqchilik sanoati]] ([[:en:Fishing industry in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda neft va tabiiy gazni qayta ishlash]] ([[:en:Oil and natural gas refining in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda korrupsiya]] ([[:en:Corruption in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Turkmanistonda qishloq xoʻjaligi]] ([[:en:Agriculture in Turkmenistan]])
*[[Halkbank (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Halkbank (Turkmenistan)]])
*[[Türkmennebit]] ([[:en:Türkmennebit]])
*[[Altyn Asyr]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr (mobile operator)]])
*[[Altyn Asyr bozori]] ([[:en:Altyn Asyr Bazaar]])
{{colend}}

== Sport ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmaniston Superkubogi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Super Cup]])
* [[Balkan Botevgrad (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Balkan Botevgrad]])
* [[Energetik Mary (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Energetik Mary]])
* [[Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Gara Altyn]])
* [[Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:FC Bagtyyarlyk-Lebap]])
* [[Şagadam (futbol klubi)]] ([[:en:Şagadam FK]])
{{colend}}

== Bino va inshootlar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod velotreki]] ([[:en:Ashgabat Velodrome]])
* [[Ashxobod temiryoʻl stansiyasi]] ([[:en:Ashgabat railway station]])
* [[Ruhyýet saroyi]] ([[:en:Ruhyýet Palace]])
* [[Betaraflik yodgorligi]] ([[:en:Neutrality Monument]])
* [[Turkmaniston teleminorasi]] ([[:en:Turkmenistan Tower]])
* [[Mustaqillik yodgorligi (Turkmaniston)]] ([[:en:Independence Monument (Turkmenistan)]])
* [[Alp Arslon nomidagi Turkman milliy drama teatri]] ([[:en:Alp Arslan National Drama Theatre]])
* [[Turkmaniston davlat kutubxonasi]] ([[:ru:Государственная библиотека Туркменистана]])
* [[Avliyo Aleksandr Nevskiy cherkovi]] ([[:en:St. Alexander Nevsky Church, Ashgabat]])
* [[Berkarar]] ([[:en:Berkarar]])
{{colend}}

== Madaniyat ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Ashxobod (kinoteatr)]] ([[:en:Ashgabat cinema]])
* [[Turkmaniston kinosi]] ([[:en:Cinema of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Karakum]] ([[:en:Karakum (film)]])
* [[Gelin]] ([[:en:Daughter-In-Law]])
* [[Turkman oshxonasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen cuisine]])
* [[Turkman adabiyoti]] ([[:en:Turkmen literature]])
* [[Turkmaniston musiqasi]] ([[:en:Music of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Ishlekli]] ([[:en:Ishlykly]])
* [[Turkmanistonda ommaviy axborot vositalari]] ([[:en:Mass media in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmanistonda televideniye]] ([[:en:Television in Turkmenistan]])
{{colend}}

== Kishilar ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Sahat Muradow]] ([[:en:Sakhat Muradov]])
* [[Awdy Kulyýew]] ([[:en:Awdy Kulyýew]])
* [[Aksoltan Ataýewa]] ([[:ru:Атаева, Аксолтан Тореевна]])
* [[Rejepbaý Arazow]] ([[:en:Rejepbaý Arazow]])
* [[Ýaýlym Berdiýew]] ([[:en:Ýaýlym Berdiýew]])
* [[Begenç Gündogdyýew]] ([[:en:Begenç Gündogdyýew]])
* [[Hojaguly Narlyýew]] ([[:ru:Нарлиев, Ходжакули]])
* [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]] ([[:en:Shamuhammet Durdylyyev]])
* [[Gülşat Mämmedowa]] ([[:ru:Маммедова, Гульшат Сахыевна]])
* [[Annagül Annagulyýewa]] ([[:ru:Аннакулиева, Аннагуль Аннамурадовна]])
* [[Gurbannazar Ezizow]] ([[:en:Gurbannazar Ezizow]])
* [[Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]] ([[:en:Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]])
* [[Jānis Mežlauks]] ([[:ru:Межлаук, Иван Иванович]])
* [[Muhammetnazar Gapurow]] ([[:ru:Гапуров, Мухамедназар Гапурович]])
{{colend}}

== Taʼlim ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda taʼlim]] ([[:en:Education in Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkmaniston axborot av telekommunikatsiyalar instituti]] ([[:en:Institute of Telecommunications and Informatics of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Turkman milliy konservatoriyasi]] ([[:en:Turkmen National Conservatory]])
* [[Turkmaniston jismoniy tarbiya va sport instituti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Institute of Physical Education and Sports]])
* [[Turkmaniston qishloq xoʻjaligi universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen Agricultural University]])
* [[Turkman davlat tibbiyot universiteti]] ([[:en:Turkmen State Medical University]])
* [[Turkmaniston mudofaa vazirligi harbiy instuituti]] ([[:en:Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan]])
* [[Xalqaro turkman-turk universiteti]] ([[:ru:Международный туркмено-турецкий университет]])
* [[Turkmaniston TIV Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti]] ([[:ru:Институт международных отношений МИД Туркменистана]])
* [[Berdimuhamed Annaýew nomidagi harbiy maktab]] ([[:en:Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School]])
{{colend}}

== Sogʻliqni saqlash ==
{{colbegin||18em}}
* [[Turkmanistonda sogliqni saqlash]] ([[:en:Healthcare in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda salomatlik]] ([[:en:Health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Turkmanistonda ruhiy salomatlik]] ([[:en:Mental health in Turkmenistan]]) 
* [[Xalqaro travmatologiya markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр травматологии]])
* [[Onkologiya markazi (Ashxobod)]] ([[:ru:Онкологический центр (Ашхабад)]]
* [[Xalqaro koʻz kasalliklarini davolash markazi]] ([[:ru:Международный центр лечения глазных болезней]])
{{colend}}

== Havolalar == 
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Yangi oyliklarni tanlash/Navigatsion andozasi}}
{{Loyiha:Mavzuli oylik/Navigatsion andozasi}}</text>
      <sha1>mo7wbc5kwnj10fpuxyuc6978ggl6j5c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:Transclusion count/data/S</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1360473</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988862</id>
      <parentid>5977599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T03:00:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MalikxanBot</username>
        <id>49138</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bot: Yangilandi</comment>
      <origin>5988862</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2203" sha1="mr5t1i47cb3il5nqzeh7vomo8h5e5dx" xml:space="preserve">return {
    [&quot;Modul:String&quot;] = 360000,
    [&quot;Strong&quot;] = 230000,
    [&quot;Modul:Sources&quot;] = 180000,
    [&quot;Sana&quot;] = 140000,
    [&quot;Sinf/ikon&quot;] = 130000,
    [&quot;Sinf/rang&quot;] = 130000,
    [&quot;Sup&quot;] = 60000,
    [&quot;Shaharlar loyihasi&quot;] = 30000,
    [&quot;Side box&quot;] = 30000,
    [&quot;Sister project&quot;] = 30000,
    [&quot;Str left&quot;] = 30000,
    [&quot;Selfref&quot;] = 20000,
    [&quot;Shaxsiyatlar loyihasi&quot;] = 20000,
    [&quot;Str len&quot;] = 20000,
    [&quot;Str len/core&quot;] = 20000,
    [&quot;Sahifaga tashriflar&quot;] = 10000,
    [&quot;Script/Arabic&quot;] = 10000,
    [&quot;Script/styles arabic.css&quot;] = 10000,
    [&quot;Start date&quot;] = 10000,
    [&quot;Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi&quot;] = 9000,
    [&quot;Spain-geo-stub&quot;] = 6000,
    [&quot;Sfn&quot;] = 5000,
    [&quot;Modul:Separated entries&quot;] = 3000,
    [&quot;Small&quot;] = 3000,
    [&quot;S&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Section-stub&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Sister-inline&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Sport loyihasi&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;SSSR&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;SSSR bayrogʻi&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Start date and age&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Str right&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Str sub&quot;] = 2000,
    [&quot;Modul:SDcat&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;S-end&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Sandbox other&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Scientist-stub&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Script/styles greek.css&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Script/Yunon&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;SDcat&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Separated entries&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Short description&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Short description/lowercasecheck&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Shveysariya loyihasi&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;SL&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Soccerway&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Sonlar loyihasi&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Sort&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Sportchi bilgiqutisi&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Stub&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Swiss-geo-stub&quot;] = 1000,
    [&quot;Shirkat bilgiqutisi&quot;] = 900,
    [&quot;Soccer icon&quot;] = 900,
    [&quot;Soccer icon2&quot;] = 900,
    [&quot;Sonlar&quot;] = 900,
    [&quot;Modul:Sortkey&quot;] = 800,
    [&quot;Scopula-stub&quot;] = 800,
    [&quot;Shaxsiyat&quot;] = 800,
    [&quot;Suriya-geo-stub&quot;] = 800,
    [&quot;Modul:String2&quot;] = 700,
    [&quot;Smaller&quot;] = 700,
    [&quot;S-ttl&quot;] = 600,
    [&quot;Shaxsiyatlar&quot;] = 600,
    [&quot;Smallcaps&quot;] = 600,
    [&quot;Start box&quot;] = 600,
    [&quot;Stub documentation&quot;] = 600,
    [&quot;Succession box&quot;] = 600,
    [&quot;S-aft&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;S-aft/filter&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;S-bef&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;S-bef/filter&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;S-start&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;Shvetsiya bayrogʻi&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;Sidebar&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;Sidebar with collapsible lists&quot;] = 500,
    [&quot;Sortname&quot;] = 500,
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    <title>Gülşat Mämmedowa</title>
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      <comment>/* Mukofotlari */</comment>
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      <text bytes="11940" sha1="5c9ycqb3bt4p8ydq004xm846lj1encn" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| mukofotlari               = [[Fayl:TM Med Gayrat rib.png|40px|Gaýrat medali]] [[Fayl:TM Med Watana bolan soygusi ucin rib.png|40px|Watana bolan soʻygüsi üçin medali]] {{Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 20 yilligi medali}}  [[Fayl:TM Med 25 years Independence rib.png|40px|Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 jıllıgʻına medali]] [[Fayl:TM Med 25 years of Neutrality rib.png|40px|Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi medali]] [[Fayl:Magtymguly Pyragy medal.png|20px|Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna esdalik nishoni]]
| tasvir                    = Gulshat Mammedova.jpg
| asl ismi                  = Gülşat Sahyýewna Mämmedowa
| talaffuzi                 = Gulshat Saxiyevna Mammedova
| tavallud_sanasi           = [[1964-yil]]
| tavallud_joyi             = {{Tavallud joyi|Ashxobod}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{TKM}}
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston parlamentining 7-spikeri
| bayroq                    = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2                   = National Council of Turkmenistan.png
| boshlanish davri          = 2018-yil 30-mart
| tugash davri              = 2023-yil 6-aprel
| prezident                 = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] &lt;/br&gt; [[Serdar Berdimuhamedov]]
| bayroq_2                  = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2_2                 = National Council of Turkmenistan.png
| avvalgisi                 = [[Akja Nurberdiýewa]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisi raisining o‘rinbosari
| boshlanish davri_2        = 2017-yil iyun
| tugash davri_2            = 2018-yil 30-mart
| prezident_2               = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]]
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Akja Nurberdiýewa]]
| bayroq_3                  = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2_3                 = Flag of Turkmenistan.svg
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri
| boshlanish davri_3        = 2009-yil 3-iyul
| tugash davri_3            = 2015-yil 4-aprel
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Muhammetgeldi Annaamanow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Pürli Agamyradow]]
| prezident_3               = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]]
}}

'''Gülşat Sahyýewna Mämmedowa''' ({{Talaffuz|Gulshat Saxiyevna Mammedova}}; [[1964|1964-yil]], [[Ashxobod]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkmanistonlik davlat arbobi&lt;ref name=&quot;gulshat&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=30 March 2018 |title=Председателем Парламента Туркменистана избрана Гульшат Маммедова |language=Russian |publisher=SNG Today |url=https://sng.today/ashkhabad/6652-predsedatelem-parlamenta-turkmenistana-izbrana-gulshat-mammedova.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisining sobiq raisi&lt;ref name=&quot;june&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://tm.hronikatm.com/2017/06/onki-ministr-onki-wise-premyer-gulsat-mammedowa-mejlisin-wise-spikerligine-saylandy/ |title=Öňki ministr, öňki wise-premýer Gülşat Mämmedowa Mejlisiň wise-spikerligine saýlandy |date=06.06.2017 |website=Türkmenistanyň Hronikasy |language=turkmancha |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=https://tm.hronikatm.com/2017/06/onki-ministr-onki-wise-premyer-gulsat-mammedowa-mejlisin-wise-spikerligine-saylandy/ |arxivsana=3.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hozirda [[Arqadagʻ|Arqadagʻ shahri]] [[Hokim|hokimi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/40537/ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-mammedovoj-gs |sarlavha=Указ Президента Туркменистана О Маммедовой Г.С. |arxivurl=https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/40537/ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-mammedovoj-gs |arxivsana=03.04.2026 |sana=06.05.2024 |qaralgan sana=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayil holi ==
Gülşat Mämmedowa 1964-yilda [[Ashxobod|Axshxobodda]] tugʻilgan. 1988-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetini]] „turkman tili va adabiyoti oʻqituvchisi“ mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan. Mazkur universitetda 1988—2015-yillarda tadqiqotchilik faoliyatini ham olib borgan.

=== Faoliyati ===
Gülşat Mämmedowa 2005—2007-yillarda [[Ashxobod]] shahar taʼlim bosh boshqarmasi boshligʻi boʻlib ishlagan. 2007—2009-yilllarda Turkmaniston taʼlim vazirining oʻrta maktablar va maktabgacha taʼlim muassasalari boʻyicha birinchi oʻrinbosari boʻlgan. 2009-yil iyul oyida Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri etib tayinlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|title=В Туркмении новый министр образования — Гульшат Маммедова. Вместо уволенного «за серьёзные недостатки» М. Аннааманова|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418105706/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 2012-yil 18-fevralda prezidentlik saylovlaridan soʻng ushbu lavozimga qayta tasdiqlangan. 2012-yilda [[ekspertiza]] jarayoni bilan bogʻliq muammolar tufayli prezident [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov|Berdimuhamedovdan]] „xizmat vazifasiga sovuqqonlik qilgani uchun uchun“ hayfsan olgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/16560.html |title=Irregularities in process of entrance examinations to higher education establishments of Turkmenistan detected |website=turkmenistan.ru |date=17.08.2012 |access-date=03.04.2026 |archive-date=03.04.2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014144621/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/16560.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2015-yil 4-aprelda Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri lavozimidan ozod qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|title=В Туркмении новый министр образования — Гульшат Маммедова. Вместо уволенного «за серьёзные недостатки» М. Аннааманова|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418105706/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Ýowşan Annagurban |date=04.04.2015 |title=Berdimuhamedow bilim ministrini täzeledi |language=turkmancha |website=Azatlyk Radiosy |url=https://www.azathabar.com/a/26938147.html |access-date=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2015-yil 18-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-aprelgacha Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisining Ijtimoiy siyosat qoʻmitasi raisi boʻlib faoliyat yuritgan. 2016-yil 9-aprelda [[Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining madaniyat va ommaviy axborot vositalari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari lavozimiga tayinlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ria.ru/world/20160408/1405636057.html|title=Новым вице-премьером Туркмении по культуре назначена Гульшат Маммедова|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425024339/http://ria.ru/world/20160408/1405636057.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ushbu lavozimda Mämmedowa yosh qoʻshiqchilar va iqtidorli bolalar, shuningdek, sanʼat sohasida faoliyat yuritayotgan boshqa kishilar uchun prezident mukofoti tanlovini eʼlon qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx%26article3283%26cat26 |title=Meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan |website=Turkmenistan Today |date=11.11.2016 |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221735/http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx%26article3283%26cat26 |arxivsana=2017-11-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, boshqa mamlakatlarda oʻtkaziladigan „Turkmaniston madaniyati kunlari“ haqida ham xabarlar berib borgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article2924&amp;cat26 |title=The session of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan |website=Turkmenistan Today |date=7.102016 |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article2924&amp;cat26 |arxivsana=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2017-yil fevral oyida prezident Berdimuhamedov sobiq vazirni maqtab, Mämmedowaning ish tajribasi va bilimi boshqa muhim sohada qoʻllanilishini aytadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article5180&amp;cat26 |title=The new composition of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan has been approved |website=Turkmenistan Today |date=24.02.2017 |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article5180&amp;cat26 |arxivsana=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2017-yil iyun oyida Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi ([[Parlament|parlamenti]]) Majlisi raisining oʻrinbosari etib saylangan. [[2018|2018-yil]] [[30-mart|30-martda]] yashirin ovoz berish natijalari orqali Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisi raisi etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.zehinli.info/views/xW60%26gulshat-mammedovu-izbrali-predsedatelem-medzhlisa-turkmenistana.html|title=Гульшат Маммедову избрали председателем Меджлиса Туркменистана|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623011544/http://news.zehinli.info/views/xW60%26gulshat-mammedovu-izbrali-predsedatelem-medzhlisa-turkmenistana.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2024-yil 6-mayda prezident farmoni bilan [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]] oʻrniga [[Arqadagʻ]] shahri hokimi etib tayinlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Gülşat Mämmedowa „Gaýrat“ („Gʻayrat“) medali, „Watana bolan soʻygüsi üçin“ medali, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 20 yilligi“ yubiley medali, „Magtymguly Pyragy''“ („''Maxtumquli Firogʻiy“) medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali, „Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 jıllıgʻına“ yubiley medali, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ yubiley medali, „Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 jıllıgʻına“ yubiley medali, Maxtumquli Firogʻiy tavalludining 300 yilligi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“ esdalik nishoni (2024-yil 10-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna|title=Постановление Президента Туркменистана о награждении памятными знаками Туркменистана «Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna»|archive-date=03.04.2026|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215190509/https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan tadqirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1964-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston ayol siyosatchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirlari]]</text>
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      <text bytes="11972" sha1="qx749ep2ypg60dlg4hj4wq2wgh8arse" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| mukofotlari               = [[Fayl:TM Med Gayrat rib.png|40px|Gaýrat medali]] [[Fayl:TM Med Watana bolan soygusi ucin rib.png|40px|Watana bolan soʻygüsi üçin medali]] {{Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 20 yilligi medali}}  [[Fayl:TM Med 25 years Independence rib.png|40px|Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 jıllıgʻına medali]] [[Fayl:TM Med 25 years of Neutrality rib.png|40px|Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi medali]] [[Fayl:Magtymguly Pyragy medal.png|20px|Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna esdalik nishoni]]
| tasvir                    = Gulshat Mammedova.jpg
| asl ismi                  = Gülşat Sahyýewna Mämmedowa
| talaffuzi                 = Gulshat Saxiyevna Mammedova
| tavallud_sanasi           = [[1964-yil]]
| tavallud_joyi             = {{Tavallud joyi|Ashxobod}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{TKM}}
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston parlamentining 7-spikeri
| bayroq                    = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2                   = National Council of Turkmenistan.png
| boshlanish davri          = 2018-yil 30-mart
| tugash davri              = 2023-yil 6-aprel
| prezident                 = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] &lt;/br&gt; [[Serdar Berdimuhamedov]]
| bayroq_2                  = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2_2                 = National Council of Turkmenistan.png
| avvalgisi                 = [[Akja Nurberdiýewa]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Dünýägözel Gulmanowa]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisi raisining o‘rinbosari
| boshlanish davri_2        = 2017-yil iyun
| tugash davri_2            = 2018-yil 30-mart
| prezident_2               = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]]
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Akja Nurberdiýewa]]
| bayroq_3                  = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2_3                 = Flag of Turkmenistan.svg
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri
| boshlanish davri_3        = 2009-yil 3-iyul
| tugash davri_3            = 2015-yil 4-aprel
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Muhammetgeldi Annaamanow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Pürli Agamyradow]]
| prezident_3               = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]]
}}

'''Gülşat Sahyýewna Mämmedowa''' ({{Talaffuz|Gulshat Saxiyevna Mammedova}}; [[1964|1964-yil]], [[Ashxobod]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkmanistonlik davlat arbobi&lt;ref name=&quot;gulshat&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=30 March 2018 |title=Председателем Парламента Туркменистана избрана Гульшат Маммедова |language=Russian |publisher=SNG Today |url=https://sng.today/ashkhabad/6652-predsedatelem-parlamenta-turkmenistana-izbrana-gulshat-mammedova.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisining sobiq raisi&lt;ref name=&quot;june&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://tm.hronikatm.com/2017/06/onki-ministr-onki-wise-premyer-gulsat-mammedowa-mejlisin-wise-spikerligine-saylandy/ |title=Öňki ministr, öňki wise-premýer Gülşat Mämmedowa Mejlisiň wise-spikerligine saýlandy |date=06.06.2017 |website=Türkmenistanyň Hronikasy |language=turkmancha |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=https://tm.hronikatm.com/2017/06/onki-ministr-onki-wise-premyer-gulsat-mammedowa-mejlisin-wise-spikerligine-saylandy/ |arxivsana=3.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hozirda [[Arqadagʻ|Arqadagʻ shahri]] [[Hokim|hokimi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/40537/ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-mammedovoj-gs |sarlavha=Указ Президента Туркменистана О Маммедовой Г.С. |arxivurl=https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/40537/ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-mammedovoj-gs |arxivsana=03.04.2026 |sana=06.05.2024 |qaralgan sana=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayil holi ==
Gülşat Mämmedowa 1964-yilda [[Ashxobod|Axshxobodda]] tugʻilgan. 1988-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetini]] „turkman tili va adabiyoti oʻqituvchisi“ mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan. Mazkur universitetda 1988—2015-yillarda tadqiqotchilik faoliyatini ham olib borgan.

=== Faoliyati ===
Gülşat Mämmedowa 2005—2007-yillarda [[Ashxobod]] shahar taʼlim bosh boshqarmasi boshligʻi boʻlib ishlagan. 2007—2009-yilllarda Turkmaniston taʼlim vazirining oʻrta maktablar va maktabgacha taʼlim muassasalari boʻyicha birinchi oʻrinbosari boʻlgan. 2009-yil iyul oyida Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri etib tayinlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|title=В Туркмении новый министр образования — Гульшат Маммедова. Вместо уволенного «за серьёзные недостатки» М. Аннааманова|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418105706/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 2012-yil 18-fevralda prezidentlik saylovlaridan soʻng ushbu lavozimga qayta tasdiqlangan. 2012-yilda [[ekspertiza]] jarayoni bilan bogʻliq muammolar tufayli prezident [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov|Berdimuhamedovdan]] „xizmat vazifasiga sovuqqonlik qilgani uchun uchun“ hayfsan olgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/16560.html |title=Irregularities in process of entrance examinations to higher education establishments of Turkmenistan detected |website=turkmenistan.ru |date=17.08.2012 |access-date=03.04.2026 |archive-date=03.04.2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014144621/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/16560.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2015-yil 4-aprelda Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri lavozimidan ozod qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|title=В Туркмении новый министр образования — Гульшат Маммедова. Вместо уволенного «за серьёзные недостатки» М. Аннааманова|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418105706/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1246775580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Ýowşan Annagurban |date=04.04.2015 |title=Berdimuhamedow bilim ministrini täzeledi |language=turkmancha |website=Azatlyk Radiosy |url=https://www.azathabar.com/a/26938147.html |access-date=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2015-yil 18-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-aprelgacha Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisining Ijtimoiy siyosat qoʻmitasi raisi boʻlib faoliyat yuritgan. 2016-yil 9-aprelda [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining madaniyat va ommaviy axborot vositalari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari lavozimiga tayinlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ria.ru/world/20160408/1405636057.html|title=Новым вице-премьером Туркмении по культуре назначена Гульшат Маммедова|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425024339/http://ria.ru/world/20160408/1405636057.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ushbu lavozimda Mämmedowa yosh qoʻshiqchilar va iqtidorli bolalar, shuningdek, sanʼat sohasida faoliyat yuritayotgan boshqa kishilar uchun prezident mukofoti tanlovini eʼlon qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx%26article3283%26cat26 |title=Meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan |website=Turkmenistan Today |date=11.11.2016 |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221735/http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx%26article3283%26cat26 |arxivsana=2017-11-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, boshqa mamlakatlarda oʻtkaziladigan „Turkmaniston madaniyati kunlari“ haqida ham xabarlar berib borgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article2924&amp;cat26 |title=The session of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan |website=Turkmenistan Today |date=7.102016 |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article2924&amp;cat26 |arxivsana=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2017-yil fevral oyida prezident Berdimuhamedov sobiq vazirni maqtab, Mämmedowaning ish tajribasi va bilimi boshqa muhim sohada qoʻllanilishini aytadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article5180&amp;cat26 |title=The new composition of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan has been approved |website=Turkmenistan Today |date=24.02.2017 |access-date=03.04.2026 |arxivurl=http://tdh.gov.tm/news/en/articles.aspx&amp;article5180&amp;cat26 |arxivsana=03.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2017-yil iyun oyida Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi ([[Parlament|parlamenti]]) Majlisi raisining oʻrinbosari etib saylangan. [[2018|2018-yil]] [[30-mart|30-martda]] yashirin ovoz berish natijalari orqali Turkmaniston Milliy Kengashi Majlisi raisi etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.zehinli.info/views/xW60%26gulshat-mammedovu-izbrali-predsedatelem-medzhlisa-turkmenistana.html|title=Гульшат Маммедову избрали председателем Меджлиса Туркменистана|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623011544/http://news.zehinli.info/views/xW60%26gulshat-mammedovu-izbrali-predsedatelem-medzhlisa-turkmenistana.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2024-yil 6-mayda prezident farmoni bilan [[Şamuhammet Durdylyýew]] oʻrniga [[Arqadagʻ]] shahri hokimi etib tayinlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Gülşat Mämmedowa „Gaýrat“ („Gʻayrat“) medali, „Watana bolan soʻygüsi üçin“ medali, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 20 yilligi“ yubiley medali, „Magtymguly Pyragy''“ („''Maxtumquli Firogʻiy“) medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali, „Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 jıllıgʻına“ yubiley medali, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ yubiley medali, „Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 jıllıgʻına“ yubiley medali, Maxtumquli Firogʻiy tavalludining 300 yilligi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“ esdalik nishoni (2024-yil 10-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna|title=Постановление Президента Туркменистана о награждении памятными знаками Туркменистана «Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna»|archive-date=03.04.2026|access-date=03.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215190509/https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan tadqirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1964-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston ayol siyosatchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirlari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akja Nurberdiýewa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Mukofotlari */</comment>
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      <text bytes="8471" sha1="eyzt7hn4onm7d5gj5x4g9d0vajdsddo" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| mukofotlari               = [[Fayl:Orden Corbansolta Eje.jpg|40px|Gurbansoltan eje ordeni]] {{Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 20 yilligi medali}} [[Fayl:TM Med 25 years Independence rib.png|40px|Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 jıllıgʻına medali]] [[Fayl:Magtymguly Pyragy medal.png|20px|Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna esdalik nishoni]]
| tasvir                    = Mariani, Nurberdiyeva, Aknazarova, OSCE PA Ashgabat 2015(16554510674) cropped (cropped).jpg
| asl ismi                  = Akja Täjiýewna Nurberdiýewa
| talaffuzi                 = Akja Tajiyevna Nurberdiyeva
| tavallud_sanasi           = [[1957-yil]]
| tavallud_joyi             = {{Tavallud joyi|Ashxobod}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{TKM}}
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston parlamentining 6-spikeri
| bayroq                    = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| bayroq2                   = Flag of Turkmenistan.svg
| boshlanish davri          = 2007-yil 3-fevral
| tugash davri              = 2018-yil 30-mart
| prezident                 = [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]]
| bayroq_2                  = Emblem of Turkmenistan (2000–2003).svg
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of Turkmenistan.svg
| avvalgisi                 = [[Öwezgeldi Ataýew]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Gülşat Mämmedowa]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston Majlisi raisining oʻrinbosari
| boshlanish davri_2        = 2000-yil
| tugash davri_2            = 2007-yil 23-fevral
| prezident_2               =
| avvalgisi_2               =
| bayroq_3                  =
| bayroq2_3                 =
| lavozim_3                 =
| boshlanish davri_3        =
| tugash davri_3            =
| avvalgisi_3               =
| keyingisi_3               =
| prezident_3               =
| partiyasi                 = Turkmaniston demokratik partiyasi
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi|pedagog]]
| ilmiy unvoni              = falsafa fanlari nomzodi
}}
'''Akja Täjiýewna Nurberdiýewa''' ({{Talaffuz|Akja Tajiyevna Nurberdiyeva}}, [[1957-yil]], [[Ashxobod]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkmanistonlik davlat arbobi. 2007-yil 23-fevraldan 2018-yil 30-martgacha [[Turkmaniston Majlisi]] raisi boʻlgan.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Akja Nurberdiýewa 1957-yilda [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] tugʻilgan. [[Pedagogika]] sohasini tugatgan va falsafa fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasiga ega&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1389180480|title=Спикером Туркменского Меджлиса в 3-й раз стала Акджа Нурбердыева|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010233845/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1389180480|archive-date=04.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2000—2005-yillarda Turkmaniston Majlisining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]], Turkmaniston Majlisi raisining oʻrinbosari boʻlgan, 2005-yildan 2007-yil 23-fevralgacha yana Turkmaniston Majlisi raisining oʻrinbosari va jamoatchilik asosida [[Turkmaniston demokratik partiyasi|Turkmaniston demokratik partiyasining]] [[Axal viloyati]] kotibi hamda Turkmaniston Kasaba uyushmalari milliy markazi raisi lavozimida faoliyat olib borgan. 2006-yil 22-dekabrdan 2007-yil 23-fevralgacha Turkmaniston Majlisi raisi vazifasini bajaruvchi, 2007-yil 23-fevraldan Turkmaniston Majlisi raisi sifatida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://russian.people.com.cn/31519/6571647.html|title=Акджа Нурбердыева стала председателем парламента четвёртого созыва Туркменистана|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725231910/http://russian.people.com.cn/31519/6571647.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2009-yil&lt;ref&gt;[http://ria.ru/politics/20090109/158794030.html Akdja Nurberdieva soxranila post predsedatelya parlamenta Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt; va 2014-yillarda ushbu lavozimga yana qayta saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=5649|title=Глава государства принял участие в первом заседании Меджлиса Туркменистана пятого созыва|access-date=2014-01-07|archive-date=2015-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211130920/http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=5649|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2018-yil 30-martda [[Turkmaniston Majlisi]] raisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=15975|title=Состоялось первое заседание Меджлиса Туркменистана шестого созыва|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331043639/http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=15975|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;retire&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=Некоторые подробности о судьбе бывшей главы парламента Туркменистана |date= |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2019/11/ex-speaker/ |publication-date= |publisher=Chronicles of Turkmenistan |language=ruscha}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;noncandidate&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=Спикером парламента стала Гульшат Маммедова, Акджа Нурбердыева больше не депутат |date= |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2018/03/spikerom-parlamenta-stala-gulshat-mammedova-akdzha-nurberdyieva-bolshe-ne-deputat/ |publisher=Chronicles of Turkmenistan |language=ruscha}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Akja Nurberdiýewa [[Gurbansoltan eje ordeni]], „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 20 yilligi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 20 ýyllygyna“}}) medali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tdh.gov.tm/?id=3808|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью «Туркменистанын Гарашсызлыгынын 20 йыллыгына»|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716003435/http://tdh.gov.tm/?id=3808|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Maxtumquli Firogʻiy“ ({{Lang-tk|„Magtymguly Pyragy“}}) medali ([[2014]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tdh.gov.tm/ru/2013-04-29-11-55-24/2013-04-13-07-33-58/11329-2014-10-20-23-47-33|title=Туркменистан сегодня - веб-сайт государственного информационного агентства Туркменистана - Указ президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении ...&lt;!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом --&gt;|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020221230/http://tdh.gov.tm/ru/2013-04-29-11-55-24/2013-04-13-07-33-58/11329-2014-10-20-23-47-33|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 25 yilligi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 ýyllygyna“}}) medali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-884|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана. О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|date=2016-09-14|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127141805/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-884|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 27-martda [[MDH Parlamentlararo Assambleyasi|MDH Parlamentlararo Assambleyasining]] „MDH PA. 25 yil“ ({{Lang-ru|„МПА СНГ. 25 лет“}}) esdalik nishoni bilan („Parlamentlararo Assambleya va uning organlari faoliyatiga koʻmaklashgani uchun“)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iacis.ru/public/upload/files/1/854.pdf|title=Постановление Совета Межпарламентской Ассамблеи государств — участников Содружества Независимых Государств от 27 марта 2017 года № 18 «О награждении памятным знаком «МпА СНГ. 25 лет»|access-date=04.04.2026|archive-date=04.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521064632/https://iacis.ru/public/upload/files/1/854.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1957-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston ayol siyosatchilari]]</text>
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    <title>Solanj Paiva Viyeyra</title>
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        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
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      <text bytes="5632" sha1="kcmecno3g5g5l1tevw5iw3jum913woj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Solanj Paiva Viyeyra
| tasvir             = Solange Paiva Vieira.jpg
| image_upright     = 
| alt               = 
| caption           =
| birth_date        = 
| birth_place       = Valensa, [[Rio-de-Janeyro (shtat)|Rio-de-Janeyro]]
| death_date        = 
| death_place       =
| fields            = [[iqtisodiyot]]
| alma_mater        = Juiz-de-Foraning Federal universiteti Getulio Vargas fondi
| workplaces        = San-Paulu Pontifik Katolik universiteti, Kandido Mendes universiteti
}}

'''Solanj Paiva Viyeyra''' — braziliyalik iqtisodchi. U iqtisodiy siyosat va tartibga solish sohasida Braziliya taraqqiyot banki hamda Braziliya Ijtimoiy taʼminot vazirligida nufuzli lavozimlarda faoliyat yuritgan. U avval Braziliya Milliy fuqaro aviatsiyasi agentligi direktori boʻlgan, 2019-yilda esa Braziliya Federal xususiy sugʻurta agentligi (SUSEP) boshligʻi etib tayinlangan.

== Taʼlim ==
Viyeyra [[Rio-de-Janeyro (shtat)|Rio-de-Janeyro]] shtatining Valensa shahrida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=revista&gt;{{cite news |url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EDG79212-6009,00-A+MUSA+E+OS+AVIOES.html |title=A musa e os aviões |work=Revista Epoca |first=Matheus |last=Leitão |language=pt |date=30 October 2007 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U [[Minas-Jerais]] shtatidagi Juiz-de-Foraning Federal universitetida tahsil olib, iqtisodiyot boʻyicha bakalavr darajasini olgan. Soʻngra Getulio Vargas fondida iqtisodiyot boʻyicha magistratura bosqichida oʻqigan&lt;ref name=revista/&gt;. Magistrlik dissertatsiyasi ustida ishlagan davrida uning ilmiy rahbari Sérgio Werlang boʻlib, u [[Braziliya Markaziy banki]]ning sobiq direktori va Fernando Enrike Kardozu maʼmuriyati davrida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=jobim&gt;{{cite news |url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,jobim-convida-solange-paiva-vieira-para-ministerio-da-defesa,28818 |title=Jobim convida Solanga Paiva Vieira para Ministério da Defesa |work=Estadão |first=Adriana |last=Chiarini |date=2 August 2007 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==
Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha oliy taʼlimni tamomlagach, Viyeyra San-Paulu Pontifik Katolik universiteti hamda Kandido Mendes universitetida iqtisodiyot fanidan professor boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=ic&gt;{{cite news |url=https://insurancecorp.com.br/pt/2019/03/05/solange-paiva-vieira-e-nomeada-superintendente-da-susep/ |title=Solange Paiva Vieira é nomeada Superintendente da Susep |language=pt |work=Revista Insurance Corp |date=5 March 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Davlat xizmati ===
1993-yilda Viyeyra Braziliya taraqqiyot bankida ish boshlagan&lt;ref name=ic/&gt;. U yerda kreditlash, rejalashtirish va moliya yoʻnalishlarida mutaxassis sifatida ishlagan. Keyinchalik kredit sohasi boʻyicha menejer hamda moliyaviy va xalqaro yoʻnalishlar rahbari lavozimlariga koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=jobim/&gt;.

Shuningdek, u 1999-yil iyuldan 2000-yil fevralgacha Andrea Sandro Calabi rahbarligi davrida bank prezidenti maslahatchisi sifatida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=revista/&gt;. U Kalabi lavozimdan ketgach, uning oʻrnini egallagan Fransisku Roberto Andre Grosga maslahatchilik qilishni davom ettirmay, lavozimni tark etgan&lt;ref name=revista/&gt;.

Keyinchalik Viyeyra Ijtimoiy taʼminot vazirligida ishlagan. U yerda uning muhim ishlanmalaridan biri ''fator previdenciário'' boʻlib, bu formula nafaqa yoshini Braziliyadagi umr koʻrish davomiyligi bilan bogʻlaydi&lt;ref name=revista/&gt;.

2008-yilda u Braziliya Mudofaa vazirligi vaziri Nelson Jobim tomonidan Braziliya Milliy fuqaro aviatsiyasi agentligiga tayinlangan&lt;ref name=revista/&gt;. Bu lavozimda u tartibga solish tizimini yangilash va siyosatlarni joriy etishda muhim rol oʻynagan, ayniqsa aviatsiya tizimida yuzaga kelgan ''caos aéreo'' (havo transporti inqirozi)ni bartaraf etishda katta hissa qoʻshgan&lt;ref name=revista/&gt;.

2019-yilda Viyeyra Braziliya Federal xususiy sugʻurta agentligi (SUSEP) boshligʻi etib tayinlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/economia/2019/02/27/internas_economia,1034168/economista-solange-paiva-vieira-e-nomeada-superintendente-da-susep.shtml |title=Economista Solange Paiva Vieira é nomeada superintendente da Susep |work=Estado de Minas |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.tercalivre.com.br/solange-vieira-nomeia-conhecido-psolista-para-o-segundo-maior-fundo-do-brasil-a-petros/ |language=pt |title=Solange Vieira nomeia conhecido psolista para o segundo maior fundo do Brasil, a Petros |work=Terça Livre |first=Bruno |last=de Pieri |date=7 August 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning faoliyati asosan maʼmuriy samaradorlikni oshirishga qaratilgan boʻlsa-da&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.segs.com.br/seguros/228570-os-melhores-gestores-da-susep-solange-vieira-e-luciano-portal-santanna |title=Os melhores gestores da Susep: Solange Vieira e Luciano Portal Santanna |work=SEGS |first=Armando Luis |last=Francisco |date=30 April 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uning vazifalarining muhim qismi [[COVID-19 pandemiyasi]] davrida mamlakatning ijtimoiy taʼminot siyosatini boshqarish bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.jornaldotocantins.com.br/editorias/economia/morte-de-idosos-por-covid-19-melhora-contas-da-previd%C3%AAncia-teria-dito-chefe-da-susep-1.2060702 |language=pt |title=Morte de idosos por Covid-19 melhora contas da Previdência, teria dito chefe da Susep |work=Jornal do Tocantins |date=30 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Natalya Zvereva</title>
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        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <comment>/* Biografiyasi */</comment>
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      <text bytes="11580" sha1="76sjdsrkfql14jsrsqljxd9kss0zwsc" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
| name          = Natalya Ivanovna Zvereva  
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1950|6|12}} 
| birth_place   = [[Moskva]], [[SSSR]]  
| occupation    = [[iqtisodchi]], [[menejer]]
}}

[[File:Impulse of Kindness 2017 - 51.jpg|250px|thumb|Natalya Zvereva (markazda) “Impulse of Kindness-2017” mukofotlash marosimida]]

'''Natalya Ivanovna Zvereva''' ({{langx|ru|Наталия Ивановна Зверева}}; 1950-yil 12-iyunda tug‘ilgan) — rossiyalik [[iqtisodchi]], [[menejer]] va davlat arbobi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://csrjournal.com/31946-itogi-mezhdunarodnogo-dnya-socialnogo-biznesa-podveli-na-press-konferencii-v-mia-rossiya-segodnya.html|title=Итоги Международного дня социального бизнеса подвели на пресс-конференции в МИА &quot;Россия сегодня&quot;|publisher=Устойчивый бизнес|date=2019-07-03|accessdate=2019-07-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author = Елена Глебова |url= https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4010907 |title= &quot;Бизнес существует для того, чтобы менять жизнь людей&quot; |journal= [[Ogoniok]] |date=2019-07-15  |issue= 27|pages = 20–23 |ref= Глебова |language= ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik sohasida mutaxassis bo‘lib, “Bizning kelajak” jamg‘armasi direktori hisoblanadi. Iqtisodiyot fanlari nomzodi (2021).

== Biografiyasi ==
1992-yilda u [[:ru:Московский государственный университет пищевых производств|Moskva amaliy biotexnologiya instituti]]ni iqtisodiyot mutaxassisligi bo‘yicha tamomlagan, shuningdek Plexanov nomidagi Rossiya iqtisodiyot universitetida tahsil olgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |url         = http://www.kapital-prize.ru/ADVISORS/?ID=1453&amp;YEAR=310  |title         = Попечительский совет  |publisher         = Медиа капитал  |accessdate         = 2016-12-27  |archiveurl         = https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131508/http://www.kapital-prize.ru/ADVISORS/?ID=1453&amp;YEAR=310  |archivedate         = 2016-12-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

1993-1996-yillarda u NIKoil ochiq aksiyadorlik jamiyatida bosh hisobchi bo‘lib ishlagan, keyinchalik iqtisodiyot va moliya departamenti direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;/&gt;.  

2005-2007-yillarda u [[Uralsib|Uralsib banki]] boshqaruv raisi maslahatchisi hamda investitsion risklarni boshqarish xizmati rahbari bo‘lgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;/&gt;.  

2007-yilda tadbirkor Vagit Alekperov tomonidan tashkil etilgan “Bizning kelajak” jamg‘armasining hududiy ijtimoiy dasturlar fondiga rahbarlik qila boshladi. Ushbu jamg‘arma Rossiyada nogironligi bo‘lgan shaxslar, ko‘p bolali oilalar va yetim bolalar uylariga o‘z biznesini boshlashda yordam beruvchi ilk xususiy fondlardan biri hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://top.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2012/837274.shtml|title = Социальный бизнес: благородные побуждения, приносящие прибыль|author = Венера Петрова|work = РБК|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518173142/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2012/837274.shtml|archivedate = 2015-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://ria.ru/tv_society/20130927/966138721.html|title = Понять с полуслова: в необычной парикмахерской просьбы клиентов читают по губам|author = Аврора.Елизавета Бебех, Владимир Кривко|date = 2013-09-27|publisher = РИА Новости}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2018-yildan boshlab ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik bo‘yicha ekspert sifatida turli tashkilotlar va tadbirlarda faol ishtirok etadi:
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Federal Majlisi Federatsiya Kengashi huzuridagi hududiy ijtimoiy innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish kengashi a’zosi (2015-yildan).  
* Strategik tashabbuslar agentligining ekspert kengashi a’zosi.  
* Ijtimoiy sohada nodavlat tashkilotlar xizmat ko‘rsatishini qo‘llab-quvvatlash bo‘yicha “yo‘l xaritasi” ishchi guruhi a’zosi.  
* 2013-yildan boshlab Sochi xalqaro investitsiya forumi va Sankt-Peterburg xalqaro iqtisodiy forumida ma’ruzachi.  
* “Media-Capital” mustaqil milliy mukofoti vasiylik kengashi a’zosi.  

2013-yil oktyabr oyida u tadbirkorlarning hukumat va [[Dmitriy Medvedev]] bilan uchrashuvida qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |url         = http://expert.ru/2013/10/8/biznes-s-chelovechnyim-litsom/  |title       = Бизнес с человечным лицом  |author      = Александр Лабыкин  |date        = 2013-11-08  |publisher   = [[Expert (magazine)|Expert]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2015-yilda ''Alpina Publisher'' nashriyoti tomonidan Natalya Zverevaning ''“Muvaffaqiyatli ijtimoiy korxona yaratish”'' nomli qo‘llanmasi chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nb-fund.ru/otchet/rumain45/specialnyy-vypusk-ekspert-soci/|title=Методичка &quot;Создание успешного социального предприятия&quot;|publisher=Фонд «Наше будущее»}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Uning maqolalari ''Expert''&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.nb-fund.ru/files/pages/00014/expert.pdf
 |title       = Социальное предпринимательство: новые веяния и пути развития
 |author      = Natalia Zvereva
 |work        = [[Бизнес-журнал]]
 |publisher   = [[Our Future (fund)|Our Future Foundation]]
 |accessdate  = 2015-04-28
 |language        = 
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150607155905/http://www.nb-fund.ru/files/pages/00014/expert.pdf
 |archivedate = 2015-06-07
}}
&lt;/ref&gt; , ''[[Forbes]]'', ''[[Vedomosti]]'', ''Chastny Korrespondent''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.chaskor.ru/article/zakonodatel_mod_34685
 |title       = Законодатель мод
 |author      = Natalia Zvereva
 |date        = 2014-03-27
 |publisher   = [[Chastny Korrespondent]]
 |accessdate  = 2015-04-28
 |language        = 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; va boshqa nashrlarda chop etilgan.  

2019-yil 5-martda u Rossiyada ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik to‘g‘risidagi qonun loyihasi bo‘yicha parlament eshituvlarida qatnashgan. Shu kuni loyiha Davlat Dumasi tomonidan birinchi o‘qishda qabul qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://csrjournal.com/31209-zakonoproekt-o-socialnom-predprinimatelstve-prinyat-v-pervom-chtenii-v-gosudarstvennoj-dume-rf.html|title=Законопроект о социальном предпринимательстве принят в первом чтении в Государственной Думе РФ|publisher=csrjournal.com|date=2019-03-06|accessdate=2019-03-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/107118|title=Справка о результатах голосования по вопросу: (первое чтение) О проекте федерального закона № 620203-7 &quot;О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон &quot;О развитии малого и среднего предпринимательства в Российской Федерации&quot; (в части закрепления понятий &quot;социальное предпринимательство&quot;, &quot;социальное предприятие&quot;)&quot;|publisher=[[State Duma]]|date=2019-03-05|accessdate=2019-05-04|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504001510/http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/107118|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pnp.ru/video/2019/04/11/kakie-popravki-budut-vneseny-v-zakon-o-socialnom-predprinimatelstve.html|title=Какие поправки будут внесены в закон о социальном предпринимательстве?|publisher=[[Парламентская газета]]|date=2019-04-11|accessdate=2019-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019-yil iyulda kuchga kirgan).  

2019-yil yakunida “Bizning kelajak” jamg‘armasi Rossiya Federatsiyasi Iqtisodiy rivojlanish vazirligi ko‘magida Natalya Zvereva muallifligida ''“Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish amaliyotlari atlasi”'' kitobini e’lon qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.miloserdie.ru/news/luchshie-praktiki-razvitiya-sotspredprinimatelstva-v-regionah-vylozheny-v-seti/|title=Лучшие практики развития соцпредпринимательства в регионах выложены в сети|publisher=Милосердие.Ру|date=2019-12-19|accessdate=2020-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf|title=Атлас практик развития социального предпринимательства субъектами РФ|publisher=Новый бизнес|date=2019-12-16|accessdate=2020-01-09|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014246/http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2020-yil 25-noyabrda u Federatsiya Kengashi huzuridagi ijtimoiy innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish kengashi yig‘ilishida ishtirok etib, ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni qo‘llab-quvvatlash infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha takliflar bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;СовФед&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/committees/121667/|title=В Совете Федерации обсудили вопросы развития социального предпринимательства в регионах|publisher=[[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]]|date=2020-11-25|accessdate=2020-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/press_releases/2020/11/25/direktor-fonda-nashe-buduschee-vistupila-s-dokladom-na-zasedanii-soveta-federatsii|title=Директор Фонда &quot;Наше будущее&quot; выступила с докладом на заседании Совета Федерации|publisher=[[Vedomosti]]|date=2020-11-25|accessdate=2020-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2021-yilda u “Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish institutlarini yaratish modeli va ularning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy mexanizmi” mavzusida dissertatsiya himoya qilib, iqtisodiyot fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| author = Зверева Н.И.| url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/rsl01010260124?page=1&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | title = &quot;Модель создания и организационно-экономический механизм функционирования институтов развития социального предпринимательства&quot;: автореферат диссертации на соискание степени кандидата экономических наук |location= [[Moscow]] |date = 2021 |publisher= [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2022-yilda u [[Sharq muzeyi]] vasiylik kengashiga a’zo bo‘ldi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.orientmuseum.ru/museum/board_of_trustees/2359_popsovet2022.jpg|title=Попечительский совет ГМВ|publisher=[[State Museum of Oriental Art]]|accessdate=2022-06-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

== Mukofotlar ==
* “Buyuk Rossiyaning buyuk insonlari” milliy mukofoti (2016).  
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Savdo-sanoat palatasining ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun diplomi.  
* Muqaddas knyaz Daniil Moskovskiy medali — “Muqaddas cherkov sharafi uchun mehnati uchun” (2008).  

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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        <id>201944</id>
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      <text bytes="11574" sha1="e4h2jeie0o9ttx90jga87dwzwlbyabd" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
| name          = Natalya Ivanovna Zvereva  
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1950|6|12}} 
| birth_place   = [[Moskva]], [[SSSR]]  
| occupation    = [[iqtisodchi]], [[menejer]]
}}

[[File:Impulse of Kindness 2017 - 51.jpg|250px|thumb|Natalya Zvereva (markazda) “Impulse of Kindness-2017” mukofotlash marosimida]]

'''Natalya Ivanovna Zvereva''' ({{langx|ru|Наталия Ивановна Зверева}}; 1950-yil 12-iyunda tug‘ilgan) — rossiyalik [[iqtisodchi]], [[menejer]] va davlat arbobi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://csrjournal.com/31946-itogi-mezhdunarodnogo-dnya-socialnogo-biznesa-podveli-na-press-konferencii-v-mia-rossiya-segodnya.html|title=Итоги Международного дня социального бизнеса подвели на пресс-конференции в МИА &quot;Россия сегодня&quot;|publisher=Устойчивый бизнес|date=2019-07-03|accessdate=2019-07-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author = Елена Глебова |url= https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4010907 |title= &quot;Бизнес существует для того, чтобы менять жизнь людей&quot; |journal= [[Ogoniok]] |date=2019-07-15  |issue= 27|pages = 20–23 |ref= Глебова |language= ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik sohasida mutaxassis bo‘lib, “Bizning kelajak” jamg‘armasi direktori hisoblanadi. Iqtisodiyot fanlari nomzodi (2021).

== Hayoti ==
1992-yilda u [[:ru:Московский государственный университет пищевых производств|Moskva amaliy biotexnologiya instituti]]ni iqtisodiyot mutaxassisligi bo‘yicha tamomlagan, shuningdek Plexanov nomidagi Rossiya iqtisodiyot universitetida tahsil olgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |url         = http://www.kapital-prize.ru/ADVISORS/?ID=1453&amp;YEAR=310  |title         = Попечительский совет  |publisher         = Медиа капитал  |accessdate         = 2016-12-27  |archiveurl         = https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131508/http://www.kapital-prize.ru/ADVISORS/?ID=1453&amp;YEAR=310  |archivedate         = 2016-12-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

1993-1996-yillarda u NIKoil ochiq aksiyadorlik jamiyatida bosh hisobchi bo‘lib ishlagan, keyinchalik iqtisodiyot va moliya departamenti direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;/&gt;.  

2005-2007-yillarda u [[Uralsib|Uralsib banki]] boshqaruv raisi maslahatchisi hamda investitsion risklarni boshqarish xizmati rahbari bo‘lgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;/&gt;.  

2007-yilda tadbirkor Vagit Alekperov tomonidan tashkil etilgan “Bizning kelajak” jamg‘armasining hududiy ijtimoiy dasturlar fondiga rahbarlik qila boshladi. Ushbu jamg‘arma Rossiyada nogironligi bo‘lgan shaxslar, ko‘p bolali oilalar va yetim bolalar uylariga o‘z biznesini boshlashda yordam beruvchi ilk xususiy fondlardan biri hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://top.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2012/837274.shtml|title = Социальный бизнес: благородные побуждения, приносящие прибыль|author = Венера Петрова|work = РБК|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518173142/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2012/837274.shtml|archivedate = 2015-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://ria.ru/tv_society/20130927/966138721.html|title = Понять с полуслова: в необычной парикмахерской просьбы клиентов читают по губам|author = Аврора.Елизавета Бебех, Владимир Кривко|date = 2013-09-27|publisher = РИА Новости}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2018-yildan boshlab ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik bo‘yicha ekspert sifatida turli tashkilotlar va tadbirlarda faol ishtirok etadi:
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Federal Majlisi Federatsiya Kengashi huzuridagi hududiy ijtimoiy innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish kengashi a’zosi (2015-yildan).  
* Strategik tashabbuslar agentligining ekspert kengashi a’zosi.  
* Ijtimoiy sohada nodavlat tashkilotlar xizmat ko‘rsatishini qo‘llab-quvvatlash bo‘yicha “yo‘l xaritasi” ishchi guruhi a’zosi.  
* 2013-yildan boshlab Sochi xalqaro investitsiya forumi va Sankt-Peterburg xalqaro iqtisodiy forumida ma’ruzachi.  
* “Media-Capital” mustaqil milliy mukofoti vasiylik kengashi a’zosi.  

2013-yil oktyabr oyida u tadbirkorlarning hukumat va [[Dmitriy Medvedev]] bilan uchrashuvida qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |url         = http://expert.ru/2013/10/8/biznes-s-chelovechnyim-litsom/  |title       = Бизнес с человечным лицом  |author      = Александр Лабыкин  |date        = 2013-11-08  |publisher   = [[Expert (magazine)|Expert]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2015-yilda ''Alpina Publisher'' nashriyoti tomonidan Natalya Zverevaning ''“Muvaffaqiyatli ijtimoiy korxona yaratish”'' nomli qo‘llanmasi chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nb-fund.ru/otchet/rumain45/specialnyy-vypusk-ekspert-soci/|title=Методичка &quot;Создание успешного социального предприятия&quot;|publisher=Фонд «Наше будущее»}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Uning maqolalari ''Expert''&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.nb-fund.ru/files/pages/00014/expert.pdf
 |title       = Социальное предпринимательство: новые веяния и пути развития
 |author      = Natalia Zvereva
 |work        = [[Бизнес-журнал]]
 |publisher   = [[Our Future (fund)|Our Future Foundation]]
 |accessdate  = 2015-04-28
 |language        = 
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150607155905/http://www.nb-fund.ru/files/pages/00014/expert.pdf
 |archivedate = 2015-06-07
}}
&lt;/ref&gt; , ''[[Forbes]]'', ''[[Vedomosti]]'', ''Chastny Korrespondent''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.chaskor.ru/article/zakonodatel_mod_34685
 |title       = Законодатель мод
 |author      = Natalia Zvereva
 |date        = 2014-03-27
 |publisher   = [[Chastny Korrespondent]]
 |accessdate  = 2015-04-28
 |language        = 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; va boshqa nashrlarda chop etilgan.  

2019-yil 5-martda u Rossiyada ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik to‘g‘risidagi qonun loyihasi bo‘yicha parlament eshituvlarida qatnashgan. Shu kuni loyiha Davlat Dumasi tomonidan birinchi o‘qishda qabul qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://csrjournal.com/31209-zakonoproekt-o-socialnom-predprinimatelstve-prinyat-v-pervom-chtenii-v-gosudarstvennoj-dume-rf.html|title=Законопроект о социальном предпринимательстве принят в первом чтении в Государственной Думе РФ|publisher=csrjournal.com|date=2019-03-06|accessdate=2019-03-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/107118|title=Справка о результатах голосования по вопросу: (первое чтение) О проекте федерального закона № 620203-7 &quot;О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон &quot;О развитии малого и среднего предпринимательства в Российской Федерации&quot; (в части закрепления понятий &quot;социальное предпринимательство&quot;, &quot;социальное предприятие&quot;)&quot;|publisher=[[State Duma]]|date=2019-03-05|accessdate=2019-05-04|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504001510/http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/107118|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pnp.ru/video/2019/04/11/kakie-popravki-budut-vneseny-v-zakon-o-socialnom-predprinimatelstve.html|title=Какие поправки будут внесены в закон о социальном предпринимательстве?|publisher=[[Парламентская газета]]|date=2019-04-11|accessdate=2019-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019-yil iyulda kuchga kirgan).  

2019-yil yakunida “Bizning kelajak” jamg‘armasi Rossiya Federatsiyasi Iqtisodiy rivojlanish vazirligi ko‘magida Natalya Zvereva muallifligida ''“Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish amaliyotlari atlasi”'' kitobini e’lon qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.miloserdie.ru/news/luchshie-praktiki-razvitiya-sotspredprinimatelstva-v-regionah-vylozheny-v-seti/|title=Лучшие практики развития соцпредпринимательства в регионах выложены в сети|publisher=Милосердие.Ру|date=2019-12-19|accessdate=2020-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf|title=Атлас практик развития социального предпринимательства субъектами РФ|publisher=Новый бизнес|date=2019-12-16|accessdate=2020-01-09|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014246/http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2020-yil 25-noyabrda u Federatsiya Kengashi huzuridagi ijtimoiy innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish kengashi yig‘ilishida ishtirok etib, ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni qo‘llab-quvvatlash infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha takliflar bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;СовФед&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/committees/121667/|title=В Совете Федерации обсудили вопросы развития социального предпринимательства в регионах|publisher=[[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]]|date=2020-11-25|accessdate=2020-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/press_releases/2020/11/25/direktor-fonda-nashe-buduschee-vistupila-s-dokladom-na-zasedanii-soveta-federatsii|title=Директор Фонда &quot;Наше будущее&quot; выступила с докладом на заседании Совета Федерации|publisher=[[Vedomosti]]|date=2020-11-25|accessdate=2020-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2021-yilda u “Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish institutlarini yaratish modeli va ularning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy mexanizmi” mavzusida dissertatsiya himoya qilib, iqtisodiyot fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| author = Зверева Н.И.| url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/rsl01010260124?page=1&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | title = &quot;Модель создания и организационно-экономический механизм функционирования институтов развития социального предпринимательства&quot;: автореферат диссертации на соискание степени кандидата экономических наук |location= [[Moscow]] |date = 2021 |publisher= [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

2022-yilda u [[Sharq muzeyi]] vasiylik kengashiga a’zo bo‘ldi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.orientmuseum.ru/museum/board_of_trustees/2359_popsovet2022.jpg|title=Попечительский совет ГМВ|publisher=[[State Museum of Oriental Art]]|accessdate=2022-06-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;.  

== Mukofotlar ==
* “Buyuk Rossiyaning buyuk insonlari” milliy mukofoti (2016).  
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Savdo-sanoat palatasining ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun diplomi.  
* Muqaddas knyaz Daniil Moskovskiy medali — “Muqaddas cherkov sharafi uchun mehnati uchun” (2008).  

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <text bytes="11499" sha1="388zxf0v46kpzdd80dlvoxh5k8hnl22" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
| name          = Natalya Ivanovna Zvereva  
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1950|6|12}}
| birth_place   = [[Moskva]], [[SSSR]]
| occupation    = [[iqtisodchi]], [[menejer]]
}}

[[File:Impulse of Kindness 2017 - 51.jpg|250px|thumb|Natalya Zvereva (markazda) „Impulse of Kindness-2017“ mukofotlash marosimida]]

'''Natalya Ivanovna Zvereva''' ({{langx|ru|Наталия Ивановна Зверева}}; 1950-yil 12-iyunda tugʻilgan) — rossiyalik [[iqtisodchi]], [[menejer]] va davlat arbobi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://csrjournal.com/31946-itogi-mezhdunarodnogo-dnya-socialnogo-biznesa-podveli-na-press-konferencii-v-mia-rossiya-segodnya.html|title=Итоги Международного дня социального бизнеса подвели на пресс-конференции в МИА &quot;Россия сегодня&quot;|publisher=Устойчивый бизнес|date=2019-07-03|accessdate=2019-07-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author = Елена Глебова |url= https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4010907 |title= &quot;Бизнес существует для того, чтобы менять жизнь людей&quot; |journal= [[Ogoniok]] |date=2019-07-15  |issue= 27|pages = 20–23 |ref= Глебова |language= ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik sohasida mutaxassis boʻlib, „Bizning kelajak“ jamgʻarmasi direktori hisoblanadi. Iqtisodiyot fanlari nomzodi (2021).

== Hayoti ==
1992-yilda u [[:ru:Московский государственный университет пищевых производств|Moskva amaliy biotexnologiya instituti]]ni iqtisodiyot mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan, shuningdek Plexanov nomidagi Rossiya iqtisodiyot universitetida tahsil olgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |url         = http://www.kapital-prize.ru/ADVISORS/?ID=1453&amp;YEAR=310  |title         = Попечительский совет  |publisher         = Медиа капитал  |accessdate         = 2016-12-27  |archiveurl         = https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131508/http://www.kapital-prize.ru/ADVISORS/?ID=1453&amp;YEAR=310  |archivedate         = 2016-12-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1993-1996-yillarda u NIKoil ochiq aksiyadorlik jamiyatida bosh hisobchi boʻlib ishlagan, keyinchalik iqtisodiyot va moliya departamenti direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;/&gt;.

2005-2007-yillarda u [[Uralsib|Uralsib banki]] boshqaruv raisi maslahatchisi hamda investitsion risklarni boshqarish xizmati rahbari boʻlgan&lt;ref name = &quot;main&quot;/&gt;.

2007-yilda tadbirkor Vagit Alekperov tomonidan tashkil etilgan „Bizning kelajak“ jamgʻarmasining hududiy ijtimoiy dasturlar fondiga rahbarlik qila boshladi. Ushbu jamgʻarma Rossiyada nogironligi boʻlgan shaxslar, koʻp bolali oilalar va yetim bolalar uylariga oʻz biznesini boshlashda yordam beruvchi ilk xususiy fondlardan biri hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://top.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2012/837274.shtml|title = Социальный бизнес: благородные побуждения, приносящие прибыль|author = Венера Петрова|work = РБК|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518173142/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2012/837274.shtml|archivedate = 2015-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = http://ria.ru/tv_society/20130927/966138721.html|title = Понять с полуслова: в необычной парикмахерской просьбы клиентов читают по губам|author = Аврора.Елизавета Бебех, Владимир Кривко|date = 2013-09-27|publisher = РИА Новости}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2018-yildan boshlab ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik boʻyicha ekspert sifatida turli tashkilotlar va tadbirlarda faol ishtirok etadi:
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Federal Majlisi Federatsiya Kengashi huzuridagi hududiy ijtimoiy innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish kengashi aʼzosi (2015-yildan).
* Strategik tashabbuslar agentligining ekspert kengashi aʼzosi.
* Ijtimoiy sohada nodavlat tashkilotlar xizmat koʻrsatishini qoʻllab-quvvatlash boʻyicha „yoʻl xaritasi“ ishchi guruhi aʼzosi.
* 2013-yildan boshlab Sochi xalqaro investitsiya forumi va Sankt-Peterburg xalqaro iqtisodiy forumida maʼruzachi.
* „Media-Capital“ mustaqil milliy mukofoti vasiylik kengashi aʼzosi.

2013-yil oktyabr oyida u tadbirkorlarning hukumat va [[Dmitriy Medvedev]] bilan uchrashuvida qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |url         = http://expert.ru/2013/10/8/biznes-s-chelovechnyim-litsom/  |title       = Бизнес с человечным лицом  |author      = Александр Лабыкин  |date        = 2013-11-08  |publisher   = [[Expert (magazine)|Expert]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2015-yilda ''Alpina Publisher'' nashriyoti tomonidan Natalya Zverevaning ''„Muvaffaqiyatli ijtimoiy korxona yaratish“'' nomli qoʻllanmasi chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nb-fund.ru/otchet/rumain45/specialnyy-vypusk-ekspert-soci/|title=Методичка &quot;Создание успешного социального предприятия&quot;|publisher=Фонд «Наше будущее»}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning maqolalari ''Expert''&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.nb-fund.ru/files/pages/00014/expert.pdf
 |title       = Социальное предпринимательство: новые веяния и пути развития
 |author      = Natalia Zvereva
 |work        = [[Бизнес-журнал]]
 |publisher   = [[Our Future (fund)|Our Future Foundation]]
 |accessdate  = 2015-04-28
 |language        = 
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150607155905/http://www.nb-fund.ru/files/pages/00014/expert.pdf
 |archivedate = 2015-06-07
}}
&lt;/ref&gt; , ''[[Forbes]]'', ''[[Vedomosti]]'', ''Chastny Korrespondent''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.chaskor.ru/article/zakonodatel_mod_34685
 |title       = Законодатель мод
 |author      = Natalia Zvereva
 |date        = 2014-03-27
 |publisher   = [[Chastny Korrespondent]]
 |accessdate  = 2015-04-28
 |language        = 
}}&lt;/ref&gt; va boshqa nashrlarda chop etilgan.

2019-yil 5-martda u Rossiyada ijtimoiy tadbirkorlik toʻgʻrisidagi qonun loyihasi boʻyicha parlament eshituvlarida qatnashgan. Shu kuni loyiha Davlat Dumasi tomonidan birinchi oʻqishda qabul qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://csrjournal.com/31209-zakonoproekt-o-socialnom-predprinimatelstve-prinyat-v-pervom-chtenii-v-gosudarstvennoj-dume-rf.html|title=Законопроект о социальном предпринимательстве принят в первом чтении в Государственной Думе РФ|publisher=csrjournal.com|date=2019-03-06|accessdate=2019-03-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/107118|title=Справка о результатах голосования по вопросу: (первое чтение) О проекте федерального закона № 620203-7 &quot;О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон &quot;О развитии малого и среднего предпринимательства в Российской Федерации&quot; (в части закрепления понятий &quot;социальное предпринимательство&quot;, &quot;социальное предприятие&quot;)&quot;|publisher=[[State Duma]]|date=2019-03-05|accessdate=2019-05-04|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504001510/http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/107118|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pnp.ru/video/2019/04/11/kakie-popravki-budut-vneseny-v-zakon-o-socialnom-predprinimatelstve.html|title=Какие поправки будут внесены в закон о социальном предпринимательстве?|publisher=[[Парламентская газета]]|date=2019-04-11|accessdate=2019-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019-yil iyulda kuchga kirgan).

2019-yil yakunida „Bizning kelajak“ jamgʻarmasi Rossiya Federatsiyasi Iqtisodiy rivojlanish vazirligi koʻmagida Natalya Zvereva muallifligida ''„Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish amaliyotlari atlasi“'' kitobini eʼlon qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.miloserdie.ru/news/luchshie-praktiki-razvitiya-sotspredprinimatelstva-v-regionah-vylozheny-v-seti/|title=Лучшие практики развития соцпредпринимательства в регионах выложены в сети|publisher=Милосердие.Ру|date=2019-12-19|accessdate=2020-01-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf|title=Атлас практик развития социального предпринимательства субъектами РФ|publisher=Новый бизнес|date=2019-12-16|accessdate=2020-01-09|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014246/http://nb-forum.ru/library/books/atlas-praktik-razvitiya-sotsialnogo-predprinimatelstva-subektami-rf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2020-yil 25-noyabrda u Federatsiya Kengashi huzuridagi ijtimoiy innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish kengashi yigʻilishida ishtirok etib, ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni qoʻllab-quvvatlash infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish boʻyicha takliflar bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;СовФед&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/committees/121667/|title=В Совете Федерации обсудили вопросы развития социального предпринимательства в регионах|publisher=[[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]]|date=2020-11-25|accessdate=2020-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/press_releases/2020/11/25/direktor-fonda-nashe-buduschee-vistupila-s-dokladom-na-zasedanii-soveta-federatsii|title=Директор Фонда &quot;Наше будущее&quot; выступила с докладом на заседании Совета Федерации|publisher=[[Vedomosti]]|date=2020-11-25|accessdate=2020-12-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2021-yilda u „Ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish institutlarini yaratish modeli va ularning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy mexanizmi“ mavzusida dissertatsiya himoya qilib, iqtisodiyot fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| author = Зверева Н.И.| url = https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/rsl01010260124?page=1&amp;rotate=0&amp;theme=white | title = &quot;Модель создания и организационно-экономический механизм функционирования институтов развития социального предпринимательства&quot;: автореферат диссертации на соискание степени кандидата экономических наук |location= [[Moscow]] |date = 2021 |publisher= [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2022-yilda u [[Sharq muzeyi]] vasiylik kengashiga aʼzo boʻldi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.orientmuseum.ru/museum/board_of_trustees/2359_popsovet2022.jpg|title=Попечительский совет ГМВ|publisher=[[State Museum of Oriental Art]]|accessdate=2022-06-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlar ==
* „Buyuk Rossiyaning buyuk insonlari“ milliy mukofoti (2016).
* Rossiya Federatsiyasi Savdo-sanoat palatasining ijtimoiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishga qoʻshgan hissasi uchun diplomi.
* Muqaddas knyaz Daniil Moskovskiy medali — „Muqaddas cherkov sharafi uchun mehnati uchun“ (2008).

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Tejen}}, [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
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 | mukofotlari          = [[Fayl:TM Order Bitaraplyk rib.png|40px|Betaraflik ordeni]] [[Fayl:TM Med Gayrat rib.png|40px|Gʻayrat ordeni]] [[Fayl:TM Med Watana bolan soygusi ucin rib.png|40px|Watana bolan soygusi ucin ordeni]] [[Fayl:Orden Corbansolta Eje.jpg|40px|Gurbansoltan eje ordeni]]
}}
'''Abat Saxatovna Rizaýewa''' ({{talaffuz|Abat Saxatovna Rizayeva}}; [[1944-yil]], [[Tejen shahri|Tejen]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman davlat arbobi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1013880199#gsc.tab=0 |sarlavha=Ризаева Абат Сахатовна |arxivurl=https://centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1013880199#gsc.tab=0 |arxivsana=07.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=07.04.2026 |ish=centrasia.org |til=ruscha}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Tarjimayi holi ==
1944-yilda Turkmanistonning Ashxobod viloyati [[Tejen shahri|Tejen]] shahrida tugʻilgan. 1965-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. I. Kalinin nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] filologiya fakultetini rus tili va adabiyoti oʻqituvchisi mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/RRR/17695.asp |sarlavha=Ризаева Абат Сахатовна |arxivurl=http://www.knowbysight.info/RRR/17695.asp |arxivsana=07.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=07.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=knowbysight.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1965—1966-yillarda oliy taʼlim muassasasini tamomlagandan soʻng Turkmaniston LKSMning tuman qoʻmitasi instruktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1966—1977-yillarda [[Maktabgacha taʼlim|maktabgacha]] va [[Maktab|maktab taʼlimi]] organlarida, yaʼni Ashxoboddagi 57-sonli bogʻchada (tarbiyachi; katta tarbiyachi), 34-sonli oʻrta maktabda (sinfdan tashqari va maktabdan tashqari tarbiyaviy ishlar tashkilotchisi, direktor) ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1977-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib bora boshlagan, 1977—1980-yillarda [[Turkmaniston Kommunistik partiyasi|Turkmaniston Kommunistik partiyasining]] Ashxobod Proletar tumani qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1980—1986-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Ashxobod shahar kengashi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisining oʻrinbosari, 1986—1988-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining madaniyat boʻlimi mudiri boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy Kengashining 11-chaqiriq deputati etib saylangan. 1990—1992-yillarda Turkmaniston kasaba uyushmalari federatsiyasi raisi boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Turkmanistonlik huquq himoyachisi Natalya Shabunsning soʻzlariga koʻra, Turkmaniston mustaqillikka erishgandan keyin Rizaýewa milliy kadrlar siyosatini olib borish tarafdori boʻlgan, „Bizga faqat turkman mutaxassislari kerak!“ degan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.fergananews.com//articles/7247|title=Волк и семеро козлят. В Туркмении приближаются президентские выборы|author=Наталья Шабунц|website=Фергана.Ру|date=2012-01-20|publisher=|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701112836/https://www.fergananews.com/articles/7247|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1991-yil aprel oyida Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi byurosi aʼzosi etib saylangan va bu lavozimda avgustgacha ishlagan. 1992-yildan [[Turkmaniston demokratik partiyasi]] kotibiyati aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1994-yil 9-martdan 26-dekabrgacha &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining oʻrinbosari, 1994—1999-yillarda Turkmaniston Majlisi raisining oʻrinbosari boʻlib faoliyat olib borgan. Mamlakat parlamentining rasmiy rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan Rizaýewa 1999-yil boshida [[Human Rights Watch]] xalqaro tashkiloti vakillari bilan uchrashuvda Turkmaniston aholisi [[koʻp partiyaviylik]] gʻoyasini qabul qilmasligini aytgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Книга|ссылка=https://memohrc.org/sites/default/files/turkmenistan_prav_chel_99_source.pdf|автор=|заглавие=Права человека в Туркменистане (обзор событий за январь-апрель 1999 г.)|ответственный=|год=1999|издание=|место=М.|издательство=Правозащитный центр «Мемориал». Информационный центр по правам человека в Центральной Азии|страницы=4|страниц=82|isbn=|archive-date=2020-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630155627/https://memohrc.org/sites/default/files/turkmenistan_prav_chel_99_source.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1999-yil 24-maydan 2001-yil 16-yanvargacha Turkmaniston taʼlim vaziri boʻlib ishlagan. 2000-yil sentyabr oyida Abat Rizaýewa prezident [[Saparmurod Niyozov]] tomonidan maktab tarix darsligini tanqid qilib, Rizaýewani ikki oylik maoshidan mahrum qilgan, darslikda Goʻkdepe jangi turkmanlarning magʻlubiyati sifatida tasvirlangan, Niyozovning soʻzlariga koʻra, „jangning darslikda bunday tasvirlanishi milliy ruhni ham, turkmanlarning buyuk oʻtmishi bilan faxrlanishni ham aks ettirmaydi“&lt;ref&gt;{{Статья|ссылка=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/159420|автор=Гульфира Черногаева|заглавие=Туркмены победили русских. Всемирная история от президента Ниязова|год=2000|язык=|издание=Газета &quot;Коммерсантъ&quot;|тип=|месяц=|число=|том=|номер=183|страницы=7|issn=|archive-date=2020-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628180859/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/159420}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=https://lenta.ru/news/2000/09/28/turkmen/|title=Туркменских министров оштрафовали за идеологически вредный учебник|author=|website=lenta.ru|date=2000-09-29|publisher=|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112065733/https://lenta.ru/news/2000/09/28/turkmen/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Keyinchalik Rizaýewa [[Gurbansoltan eje]] nomidagi [[Turkmaniston xotin-qizlar ittifoqi]] raisi boʻlgan. 2001-yil 16-yanvarda ishdagi kamchiliklari uchun ishdan boʻshatilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/13724|title=Кадровые перестановки в правительстве|author=|website=Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|date=2001-01-17|publisher=|access-date=2020-06-28|archive-date=2020-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630131156/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/13724|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Isteʼfoga chiqqanidan keyin ishga joylashish huquqidan mahrum boʻlgan. Shu bilan birga, prezident Niyozov bir necha bor Rizaýewani [[Turkmaniston SSR|Turkmaniston SSRning]] sobiq rahbarlari bilan axloqsiz munosabatlarda ayblagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1034280780|title=Кадровая селекция Туркменбаши. Краткие сведения о вице-премьерах страны и о том, что с ними стало...|author=|website=Гундогар|date=2002-10-11|publisher=|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630014526/https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1034280780|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ayrim ommaviy axborot vositalarining xabarlariga koʻra, Abat Rizaýewa Niyozovning sevimli ayollari qatorida boʻlgan va [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining oʻrinbosari lavozimida ishlagan paytda hukumat idoralari apparatida ishlatish uchun mamlakat oliy taʼlim muassasalaridagi jozibali qizlarni tanlab olgan, keyinchalik bu qizlarni [[Saparmurod Niyozov|Turkmanboshi]] bilan tanishtirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1031954580|title=Гаремы Сапармурада Туркменбаши (компромат)|author=Б. Моллаев|website=Догры Ел|date=2002-09-14|publisher=|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724103443/https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1031954580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1944-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Bitaraplik ordeni sohiblari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston ayol siyosatchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirlari]]</text>
      <sha1>tboeia45kk8fkb4ww2zkjmwhnxn5j2t</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maýsa Ýazmuhammedowa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1361750</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988755</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <text bytes="5600" sha1="bpmtkmesi7ng6oz9btu8u24luj44nzn" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[1971-yil]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Yoʻloʻtan}}, [[Mari viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = Turkmaniston jahon tillari milliy instituti
 | kasbi                = rus tili va adabiyoti oʻqituvchisi
 | partiyasi            = Turkmaniston demokratik partiyasi
}}
'''Maýsa Meredowna Ýazmuhammedowa''' ({{Talaffuz|Maysa Meredovna Yazmuhammedova}}; [[1971-yil]], [[Yoʻloʻtan]], [[Mari viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman davlat arbobi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipr.kz/faces/6/1/44|title=Язмухаммедова Майса Мередовна|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509042453/http://ipr.kz/faces/6/1/44|archive-date=07.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ikki marotaba [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining madaniyat va ommaviy axborot vositalari masalalari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari lavozimida ishlagan.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Maýsa Ýazmuhammedowa 1971-yilda [[Mari viloyati]], [[Yoʻloʻtan etrapi|Yoʻloʻtan etrapidagi]] [[Yoʻloʻtan]] shahrida tugʻilgan. 1994-yilda [[Turkmaniston jahon tillari milliy instituti|Davlatmamat Ozodiy nomidagi Turkmaniston jahon tillari milliy institutini]] rus tili va adabiyoti oʻqituvchisi mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan. 1994—2002-yillarda [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi 15-maktabda direktorning oʻquv-tarbiyaviy ishlar boʻyicha oʻrinbosari lavozimida ishlagan. 2003—2005-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Ashxobod]] shahridagi [[Turkmaniston Qahramoni]] [[Gurbansoltan eje]] nomidagi ixtisoslashtirilgan oʻrta maktab direktorining oʻquv-tarbiyaviy ishlar boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori, 2005—2007-yilllarda Axal viloyati hokimining taʼlim, madaniyat, sogʻliqni saqlash va sport boʻyicha oʻrinbosari boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 2006—2007-yillarda Turkmanistonda saylovlar va referendumlar oʻtkazish boʻyicha Markaziy komissiya aʼzosi boʻlgan. [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov|Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedovning]] prezidentlik saylovi gʻalabasidan keyin 2007-yil 23-fevraldan 13-iyulgacha Maýsa Ýazmuhammedowa Turkmaniston Kasaba uyushmalari milliy markazi raisi sifatida ishlagan. Shu bilan birga, 2007-yil iyun oyidan Turkmaniston Qahramoni [[Gurbansoltan eje]] nomidagi [[Turkmaniston xotin-qzilar ittifoqi|Turkmaniston xotin-qzilar ittifoqi raisi]] ham boʻlgan. 2007-yil 13-iyuldan &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining madaniyat va ommaviy axborot vositalari masalalari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1184403720|title=Майса Язмухаммедова назначена зампредом Кабинета министров Туркменистана|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101034/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1184403720|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2011-yil yanvar oyida hayfsan olgan, 2011-yil sentyabr oyida ishdagi kamchiliklari uchun [[Turkmaniston prezidenti]] tomonidan hayfsan berilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1167484553|title=ЯЗМУХАММЕДОВА Майса Мередовна|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115643/http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1167484553|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2012-yil 18-fevraldan [[Turkmaniston Xotin-qizlar ittifoqi]] Markaziy kengashi raisi, 2013-yil 23-fevraldan boshlab esa bir ovozdan Milliy kasaba uyushmalari markazi raisi etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;[http://tdh.gov.tm/?id=6460 Vneocherednoy sʼezd professionalnix soyuzov Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil iyun oyida Ashxobod shahridagi 7-saylov okrugidan Turkmaniston Majlisi deputati etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=4219|title=Центризбирком подвел итоги выборов депутатов Меджлиса вместо выбывших|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064528/http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/?id=4219|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2014-yil 4-aprelda [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining madaniyat va ommaviy axborot vositalari masalalari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari lavozimiga oʻtishi munosabati bilan [[2014|2014-yil]] [[13-aprel|13-aprelda]] Milliy kasaba uyushmalari markazi raisi hamda Xotin-qizlar ittifoqi Markaziy kengashi raisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tdh.gov.tm/ru/2013-04-29-11-55-24/2013-04-13-07-33-58/9177-2014-04-04-21-05-45|title=04 Апрель 2014|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064230/http://tdh.gov.tm/ru/2013-04-29-11-55-24/2013-04-13-07-33-58/9177-2014-04-04-21-05-45|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[2016-yil]] [[8-aprel|8-aprelda]] [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining oʻrinbosari lavozimidan ozod qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tdh.gov.tm/index.php/ru/2013-04-29-11-55-24/2013-04-13-07-33-58/16642-2016-04-08-23-45-27|title=№РР-6953|access-date=07.04.2026|archive-date=07.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419112118/http://tdh.gov.tm/index.php/ru/2013-04-29-11-55-24/2013-04-13-07-33-58/16642-2016-04-08-23-45-27|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1971-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston ayol siyosatchilari]]</text>
      <sha1>bpmtkmesi7ng6oz9btu8u24luj44nzn</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Klaudiya Goldin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1361813</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <text bytes="6448" sha1="oppgo6fszuxjsmm5rhyi77s7w1xk4fw" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| name = Klaudiya Goldin
| tasvir = Claudia Goldin (3x4 cropped).jpg
| caption = Goldin, 2019-yil
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|5|14}}
| birth_place= [[Bronks]], [[Nyu-York shahri]], AQSh
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[Garvard universiteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/biocv|title=Bio
 for Claudia Goldin|website=scholar.harvard.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/who-is-claudia-goldin-winner-of-nobel-economics-prize-2023-101696845353827.html|title=Who
 is Claudia Goldin, winner of Nobel Economics Prize 2023?|date=October 9, 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inter&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/interviewcg.pdf|title=Interview
. Claudia Goldin|website=harvard.edu|access-date=13 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| thesis_title = Shahar qulligi iqtisodiyoti: 1820–1860&lt;ref&gt;https://www.proquest.com/openview/3089707bd831f2d1d24fb01166d986d7/&lt;/ref&gt;
| doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Fogel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;uchicago news&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/uchicago-alum-claudia-goldin-wins-nobel-prize-research-gender-and-labor|title=UChicago
 alum Claudia Goldin wins Nobel Prize for research on gender and labor|last=Lee|first=Tori|publisher=[[Chikago universiteti]]|date=October 9, 2023|access-date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| doctoral_students= {{Collapsible list|title=Ro‘yxat|1={{plain list|
*Leah Boustan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/former-princeton-professor-claudia-goldin-wins-nobel-prize-economics|title=Former
 Princeton Professor Claudia Goldin Wins Nobel Prize in Economics|date=October 9, 2023|website=Princeton Alumni Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}
| awards = {{ubl|Mehnat iqtisodiyoti bo‘yicha IZA mukofoti (2016)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=IZA Prize in Labor Economics|url=http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/prize/iza_prize|publisher=IZA
 – Institute of Labor Economics|access-date=June 28, 2017|date=2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908212243/http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/prize/iza_prize|archive-date=September
 8, 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Erwin Plein Nemmers iqtisodiyot mukofoti (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nemmers.northwestern.edu/economics/|title=The
 Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics|website=www.nemmers.northwestern.edu
}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha Nobel mukofoti (2023)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/press-release/|title=The
 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023|website=NobelPrize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| website = {{official website|scholar.harvard.edu/goldin}}
}}

'''Klaudiya Deyl Goldin''' (1946-yil 14-mayda tug‘ilgan) — amerikalik iqtisodiy tarixchi va mehnat iqtisodchisi. U [[Garvard universiteti]]da Genri Li nomidagi iqtisodiyot professori hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/10/claudia-goldin-67-wins-nobel-prize-economics|title=Claudia
 Goldin '67 wins Nobel Prize in Economics|website=news.cornell.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;. 2023-yil oktyabr oyida u ayollarning mehnat bozori natijalari haqidagi tushunchani rivojlantirgani uchun Iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha Nobel mukofoti bilan taqdirlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto13&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=October 9, 2023 |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/summary/}}
&lt;/ref&gt;. U ushbu mukofotni olgan uchinchi ayol bo‘lib, uni yakka holda qo‘lga kiritgan birinchi ayol hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/claudia-goldin-wins-2023-nobel-economics-prize-2023-10-09/|title=Nobel
 economics prize goes to Claudia Goldin|first1=Simon|last1=Johnson|first2=Johan|last2=Ahlander|newspaper=Reuters|date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi (NBER)ning “Iqtisodiyotda gender” tadqiqot guruhi hamrahbari (Klaudiya Olivetti va Jessica Goldberg bilan birga) hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/gender-economy/gender-economy-advisory-board-members|title=Gender
 in the Economy – Advisory Board Members|website=NBER}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u 1989-2017-yillarda NBERning “Amerika iqtisodiyotining rivojlanishi” dasturi direktori ham bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;.

Goldin asosan ayollar va Amerika iqtisodiyoti tarixiga oid tadqiqotlari bilan mashhur. Bu boradagi eng muhim ishlari quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi:
og‘iz orqali qabul qilinadigan kontratseptiv tabletkalarning ayollar martabasi va nikoh qarorlariga ta’siri, oliy ta’limda ayollar va erkaklarning birgalikda ta’lim olishi, ayollarning kasb va oila o‘rtasidagi tanlov tarixi, turmushdan keyin ayollar familiyasining ijtimoiy ko‘rsatkich sifatidagi o‘rni, bakalavr talabalar orasida ayollar sonining ortishi sabablari, ayollar bandligining yangi hayotiy modeli&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bio for Claudia Goldin |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/biocv
 |access-date=October 11, 2023 |website=scholar.harvard.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1990-yilda Goldin [[Garvard universiteti]] iqtisodiyot fakultetida doimiy professorlik lavozimi olgan birinchi ayol bo‘ldi&lt;ref name=crims&gt;{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=Sophie M.|title=Goldin Demystifies Gender Economics|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/4/26/goldin-demystifies-gender-economics-gender-will/|work=[[The
 Harvard Crimson]]|date=April 26, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda u Amerika iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Goldin hamkasbi, [[Garvard universiteti]] iqtisod professori Lawrence F. Katz bilan turmush qurgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2023/10/09/united-states/economics-nobel-awarded-to-claudia-goldin-for-work-on-women-in-the-labor-market|title=Economics
 Nobel awarded to Claudia Goldin for work on women in the labor market|first=Ron|last=Kampeas|date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2023/12/PIE-the-inequality-economist|title=The
 Inequality Economist|website=IMF}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Ayollar Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]</text>
      <sha1>oppgo6fszuxjsmm5rhyi77s7w1xk4fw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988749</id>
      <parentid>5988745</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:05:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <origin>5988749</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6446" sha1="ge4vhnyv5443eaqkezr8qo2h6stfaik" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| name = Klaudiya Goldin
| tasvir = Claudia Goldin (3x4 cropped).jpg
| caption = Goldin, 2019-yil
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|5|14}}
| birth_place= [[Bronks]], [[Nyu-York shahri]], AQSh
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[Garvard universiteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/biocv|title=Bio
 for Claudia Goldin|website=scholar.harvard.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/who-is-claudia-goldin-winner-of-nobel-economics-prize-2023-101696845353827.html|title=Who
 is Claudia Goldin, winner of Nobel Economics Prize 2023?|date=October 9, 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inter&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/interviewcg.pdf|title=Interview
. Claudia Goldin|website=harvard.edu|access-date=13 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| thesis_title = Shahar qulligi iqtisodiyoti: 1820–1860&lt;ref&gt;https://www.proquest.com/openview/3089707bd831f2d1d24fb01166d986d7/&lt;/ref&gt;
| doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Fogel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;uchicago news&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/uchicago-alum-claudia-goldin-wins-nobel-prize-research-gender-and-labor|title=UChicago
 alum Claudia Goldin wins Nobel Prize for research on gender and labor|last=Lee|first=Tori|publisher=[[Chikago universiteti]]|date=October 9, 2023|access-date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| doctoral_students= {{Collapsible list|title=Ro‘yxat|1={{plain list|
*Leah Boustan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/former-princeton-professor-claudia-goldin-wins-nobel-prize-economics|title=Former
 Princeton Professor Claudia Goldin Wins Nobel Prize in Economics|date=October 9, 2023|website=Princeton Alumni Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}
| awards = {{ubl|Mehnat iqtisodiyoti bo‘yicha IZA mukofoti (2016)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=IZA Prize in Labor Economics|url=http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/prize/iza_prize|publisher=IZA
 – Institute of Labor Economics|access-date=June 28, 2017|date=2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908212243/http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/prize/iza_prize|archive-date=September
 8, 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Erwin Plein Nemmers iqtisodiyot mukofoti (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nemmers.northwestern.edu/economics/|title=The
 Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics|website=www.nemmers.northwestern.edu
}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti (2023)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/press-release/|title=The
 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023|website=NobelPrize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| website = {{official website|scholar.harvard.edu/goldin}}
}}

'''Klaudiya Deyl Goldin''' (1946-yil 14-mayda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik iqtisodiy tarixchi va mehnat iqtisodchisi. U [[Garvard universiteti]]da Genri Li nomidagi iqtisodiyot professori hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/10/claudia-goldin-67-wins-nobel-prize-economics|title=Claudia
 Goldin '67 wins Nobel Prize in Economics|website=news.cornell.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;. 2023-yil oktyabr oyida u ayollarning mehnat bozori natijalari haqidagi tushunchani rivojlantirgani uchun [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto13&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=October 9, 2023 |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/summary/}}
&lt;/ref&gt;. U ushbu mukofotni olgan uchinchi ayol bo‘lib, uni yakka holda qo‘lga kiritgan birinchi ayol hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/claudia-goldin-wins-2023-nobel-economics-prize-2023-10-09/|title=Nobel
 economics prize goes to Claudia Goldin|first1=Simon|last1=Johnson|first2=Johan|last2=Ahlander|newspaper=Reuters|date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi (NBER)ning &quot;Iqtisodiyotda gender&quot; tadqiqot guruhi hamrahbari (Klaudiya Olivetti va Jessica Goldberg bilan birga) hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/gender-economy/gender-economy-advisory-board-members|title=Gender
 in the Economy – Advisory Board Members|website=NBER}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u 1989-2017-yillarda NBERning “Amerika iqtisodiyotining rivojlanishi” dasturi direktori ham bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;.

Goldin asosan ayollar va Amerika iqtisodiyoti tarixiga oid tadqiqotlari bilan mashhur. Bu boradagi eng muhim ishlari quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi:
og‘iz orqali qabul qilinadigan kontratseptiv tabletkalarning ayollar martabasi va nikoh qarorlariga ta’siri, oliy ta’limda ayollar va erkaklarning birgalikda ta’lim olishi, ayollarning kasb va oila o‘rtasidagi tanlov tarixi, turmushdan keyin ayollar familiyasining ijtimoiy ko‘rsatkich sifatidagi o‘rni, bakalavr talabalar orasida ayollar sonining ortishi sabablari, ayollar bandligining yangi hayotiy modeli&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bio for Claudia Goldin |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/biocv
 |access-date=October 11, 2023 |website=scholar.harvard.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1990-yilda Goldin [[Garvard universiteti]] iqtisodiyot fakultetida doimiy professorlik lavozimi olgan birinchi ayol bo‘ldi&lt;ref name=crims&gt;{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=Sophie M.|title=Goldin Demystifies Gender Economics|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/4/26/goldin-demystifies-gender-economics-gender-will/|work=[[The
 Harvard Crimson]]|date=April 26, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda u Amerika iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Goldin hamkasbi, [[Garvard universiteti]] iqtisod professori Lawrence F. Katz bilan turmush qurgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2023/10/09/united-states/economics-nobel-awarded-to-claudia-goldin-for-work-on-women-in-the-labor-market|title=Economics
 Nobel awarded to Claudia Goldin for work on women in the labor market|first=Ron|last=Kampeas|date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2023/12/PIE-the-inequality-economist|title=The
 Inequality Economist|website=IMF}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Ayollar Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]</text>
      <sha1>ge4vhnyv5443eaqkezr8qo2h6stfaik</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988753</id>
      <parentid>5988749</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:08:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988753</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6450" sha1="mgl7onhid7yump32ov0yrvgts8z1par" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| name = Klaudiya Goldin
| tasvir = Claudia Goldin (3x4 cropped).jpg
| caption = Goldin, 2019-yil
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|5|14}}
| birth_place= [[Bronks]], [[Nyu-York shahri]], AQSh
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[Garvard universiteti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/biocv|title=Bio
 for Claudia Goldin|website=scholar.harvard.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/who-is-claudia-goldin-winner-of-nobel-economics-prize-2023-101696845353827.html|title=Who
 is Claudia Goldin, winner of Nobel Economics Prize 2023?|date=October 9, 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=inter&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/goldin/files/interviewcg.pdf|title=Interview
. Claudia Goldin|website=harvard.edu|access-date=13 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| thesis_title = Shahar qulligi iqtisodiyoti: 1820–1860&lt;ref&gt;https://www.proquest.com/openview/3089707bd831f2d1d24fb01166d986d7/&lt;/ref&gt;
| doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Fogel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;uchicago news&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/uchicago-alum-claudia-goldin-wins-nobel-prize-research-gender-and-labor|title=UChicago
 alum Claudia Goldin wins Nobel Prize for research on gender and labor|last=Lee|first=Tori|publisher=[[Chikago universiteti]]|date=October 9, 2023|access-date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| doctoral_students= {{Collapsible list|title=Ro‘yxat|1={{plain list|
*Leah Boustan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/former-princeton-professor-claudia-goldin-wins-nobel-prize-economics|title=Former
 Princeton Professor Claudia Goldin Wins Nobel Prize in Economics|date=October 9, 2023|website=Princeton Alumni Weekly}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}
| awards = {{ubl|Mehnat iqtisodiyoti bo‘yicha IZA mukofoti (2016)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=IZA Prize in Labor Economics|url=http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/prize/iza_prize|publisher=IZA
 – Institute of Labor Economics|access-date=June 28, 2017|date=2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908212243/http://legacy.iza.org/en/webcontent/prize/iza_prize|archive-date=September
 8, 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Erwin Plein Nemmers iqtisodiyot mukofoti (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nemmers.northwestern.edu/economics/|title=The
 Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics|website=www.nemmers.northwestern.edu
}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti (2023)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/press-release/|title=The
 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023|website=NobelPrize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| website = {{official website|scholar.harvard.edu/goldin}}
}}

'''Klaudiya Deyl Goldin''' (1946-yil 14-mayda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik iqtisodiy tarixchi va mehnat iqtisodchisi. U [[Garvard universiteti]]da Genri Li nomidagi iqtisodiyot professori hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2023/10/claudia-goldin-67-wins-nobel-prize-economics|title=Claudia
 Goldin '67 wins Nobel Prize in Economics|website=news.cornell.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;. 2023-yil oktyabr oyida u ayollarning mehnat bozori natijalari haqidagi tushunchani rivojlantirgani uchun [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto13&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=October 9, 2023 |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2023 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/summary/}}
&lt;/ref&gt;. U ushbu mukofotni olgan uchinchi ayol bo‘lib, uni yakka holda qo‘lga kiritgan birinchi ayol hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/claudia-goldin-wins-2023-nobel-economics-prize-2023-10-09/|title=Nobel
 economics prize goes to Claudia Goldin|first1=Simon|last1=Johnson|first2=Johan|last2=Ahlander|newspaper=Reuters|date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi (NBER)ning „Iqtisodiyotda gender“ tadqiqot guruhi hamrahbari (Klaudiya Olivetti va Jessica Goldberg bilan birga) hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/gender-economy/gender-economy-advisory-board-members|title=Gender
 in the Economy – Advisory Board Members|website=NBER}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u 1989-2017-yillarda NBERning „Amerika iqtisodiyotining rivojlanishi“ dasturi direktori ham bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt;.

Goldin asosan ayollar va Amerika iqtisodiyoti tarixiga oid tadqiqotlari bilan mashhur. Bu boradagi eng muhim ishlari quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi:
og‘iz orqali qabul qilinadigan kontratseptiv tabletkalarning ayollar martabasi va nikoh qarorlariga ta’siri, oliy ta’limda ayollar va erkaklarning birgalikda ta’lim olishi, ayollarning kasb va oila o‘rtasidagi tanlov tarixi, turmushdan keyin ayollar familiyasining ijtimoiy ko‘rsatkich sifatidagi o‘rni, bakalavr talabalar orasida ayollar sonining ortishi sabablari, ayollar bandligining yangi hayotiy modeli&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bio for Claudia Goldin |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/biocv
 |access-date=October 11, 2023 |website=scholar.harvard.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1990-yilda Goldin [[Garvard universiteti]] iqtisodiyot fakultetida doimiy professorlik lavozimi olgan birinchi ayol bo‘ldi&lt;ref name=crims&gt;{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=Sophie M.|title=Goldin Demystifies Gender Economics|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/4/26/goldin-demystifies-gender-economics-gender-will/|work=[[The
 Harvard Crimson]]|date=April 26, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda u Amerika iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Goldin hamkasbi, [[Garvard universiteti]] iqtisod professori Lawrence F. Katz bilan turmush qurgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2023/10/09/united-states/economics-nobel-awarded-to-claudia-goldin-for-work-on-women-in-the-labor-market|title=Economics
 Nobel awarded to Claudia Goldin for work on women in the labor market|first=Ron|last=Kampeas|date=October 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2023/12/PIE-the-inequality-economist|title=The
 Inequality Economist|website=IMF}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ayollar]]
[[Turkum:Ayollar Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]</text>
      <sha1>mgl7onhid7yump32ov0yrvgts8z1par</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iqtisodchi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1361823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988757</id>
      <parentid>5978344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:10:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988757</origin>
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      <text bytes="4778" sha1="tthghax8pzhydjyhc3ep1q1dbpslhss" xml:space="preserve">'''Iqtisodchi''' — [[ijtimoiy fanlar|ijtimoiy fan]]lar tarkibiga kiruvchi [[iqtisodiyot]] sohasi bilan shugʻullanuvchi mutaxassis va amaliyotchidir.

Iqtisodchi shuningdek iqtisodiy nazariya va tushunchalarni oʻrganadi, ishlab chiqadi va qoʻllaydi hamda [[iqtisodiy siyosat]] haqida yozadi. Ushbu sohada koʻplab kichik yoʻnalishlar mavjud boʻlib, ular keng [[falsafa|falsafiy]] [[nazariya|nazariyalar]]dan tortib, aniq [[Bozor|bozor]]lar doirasidagi batafsil tadqiqotlargacha qamrab oladi. Bunga [[makroiqtisodiyot|makroiqtisodiy]] va [[mikroiqtisodiyot|mikroiqtisodiy]] tahlil, moliyaviy hisobot tahlili kiradi. Shuningdek, [[ekonometrika]], [[statistika]], hisoblash iqtisodiy modellari, moliyaviy iqtisodiyot, regulyator taʼsirini tahlil qilish va matematik iqtisodiyot kabi usullar va vositalardan foydalaniladi.

== Kasb tarixi ==

Bugungi kunda iqtisodchilar alohida kasb egalari sifatida tan olinsa-da, dastlabki iqtisodiy fikr mualliflari polimat [[falsafa|faylasuflar]] boʻlgan. Eng qadimgi iqtisodiy asarlar qatoriga qadimgi davrga oid [[Aristotel]]ning „''Oeconomica''“ va [[Ksenofont]]ning „''Oeconomicus''“ asarlari kiradi. Bu asarlarda dastlabki shaklda [[mehnat taqsimoti]] kabi gʻoyalar koʻrib chiqilgan.

XVII asrda zamonaviy iqtisodiy fikr shakllana boshlaganda, yetakchi mualliflar koʻpincha keng qamrovli olimlar boʻlib, iqtisodiyot bilan birga falsafa va huquq haqida ham yozgan. Bunga Richard Cantillon misol boʻlib, u keyinchalik „Cantillon effekti“ deb atalgan tushunchani taʼriflagan, shuningdek [[David Hume]] pulning pul miqdori nazariyasini oldindan ilgari surgan.

[[Adam Smith]] oʻzining ''[[The Wealth of Nations|Xalqlar boyligining tabiati va sabablari toʻgʻrisida tadqiqot]]'' asarida iqtisodiyotga toʻliq bagʻishlangan ilk yirik asarlardan birini yozib, uni ijtimoiy fanlar ichida alohida fan sifatida shakllanishiga hissa qoʻshgan. Uning asosiy asari bir qancha ilmiy yoʻnalishlarga asos boʻldi, jumladan [[klassik iqtisodiyot]] maktabi (ayniqsa [[David Ricardo]] va [[Sey Jan Batist]]) hamda unga javoban [[marksizm]] ([[Karl Marx]] asarlariga asoslangan).

XIX asr davomida iqtisodiyot tobora kasbiylashdi. [[Sey Jan Batist]] Fransiyada [[Conservatoire national des arts et métiers]]da iqtisodiyot boʻyicha ilk kafedrani egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Reybaud |first=Louis |date=1864 |title=Les Chaires d'Économie politique en France |journal=Revue des Deux Mondes |issue=54}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Asr oxiriga kelib, neoklassik iqtisodiyot maktabiga mansub iqtisodchilarning aksariyati akademiklar boʻlib, koʻpincha [[matematika]] boʻyicha tayyorgarlikka ega edi. Shu tariqa iqtisodchi obrazi polimat&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Boyer |first=Robert |title=Une discipline sans réflexivité peut-elle être une science ? épistémologie de l'économie |date=2021 |publisher=Éditions de la Sorbonne |isbn=979-10-351-0658-4 |series=Libres cours |location=Paris}}&lt;/ref&gt; olimdan tor ixtisoslashgan mutaxassisga aylana boshladi.

XX asr davomida iqtisodiy nazariyadagi yutuqlar [[John Maynard Keynes]], [[Paul Samuelson]] va [[Milton Friedman]] bilan bogʻliq boʻlib, bir nechta asosiy yoʻnalishlarning shakllanishiga olib keldi: [[Keynschilik]], Samuelsonning neoklassik sintezi va Friedmanning [[monetarizm]]i. Bu yoʻnalishlar oʻz navbatida yangi klassik makroiqtisodiyot rivojiga taʼsir koʻrsatdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Collectif |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aT77CAAAQBAJ
 |title=À quoi servent les économistes s'ils disent tous la même chose ?: Manifeste pour une économie pluraliste |date=2015-05-13 |publisher=les liens qui libèrent |isbn=979-10-209-0303-7 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Jahon moliyaviy inqirozi|2008-yilgi moliyaviy inqiroz]] [[Buyuk retsessiya]]ga olib keldi. Bu esa ayrim makroiqtisodchilar va moliyaviy iqtisodchilarni mavjud nazariy qarashlarni qayta ko‘rib chiqishga undadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Dobson |first=Wendy |title=7. International Business Global Lessons from the 2008 Financial Crisis |date=2009-01-31 |work=The Finance Crisis and Rescue |url=https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442657175-008
 |access-date=2025-12-12 |place=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |doi=10.3138/9781442657175-008 |isbn=978-1-4426-5717-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mandilaras |first=Alexandros |editor-first1=Annabel |editor-last1=Bligh |date=2017-09-12 |title=Six charts that show how much the world has changed since the 2007-08 financial crisis |url=https://doi.org/10.64628/ab.4mceptgdj
 |access-date=2025-12-12 |website=doi.org |doi=10.64628/ab.4mceptgdj }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shu jarayonda ayrim siyosatchilar va iqtisodchilar orasida Keynschilikning qayta tiklanishi yuzaga keldi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Kasblar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti</title>
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        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
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      <comment>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar [[Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti]] sahifasini [[Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]ga koʻchirdi: Notoʻgʻri yozilgan sarlavha</comment>
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      <text bytes="5618" sha1="4caooedcqj3ecpou4rookrg4s76i04q" xml:space="preserve">'''Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti''' — bu [[iqtisodiyot]] fanining bir sohasi bo‘lib, jamiyatning umumiy [[farovonlik|farovonligi]] darajasini baholash uchun [[mikroiqtisodiyot|mikroiqtisodiy]] usullarni qo‘llaydi&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Deardorff|2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti tamoyillari ko‘pincha davlat iqtisodiyotida qo‘llaniladi, u esa davlat aralashuvi orqali [[Farovonlik|ijtimoiy farovonlik]]ni qanday yaxshilash mumkinligini o‘rganadi. Bundan tashqari, farovonlik iqtisodiyoti davlat iqtisodiyotida qo‘llaniladigan bir qator vositalarning nazariy asosini tashkil etadi, masalan, xarajatlar va foydalarni tahlil qilish. Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti va xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti kesishmasida esa yangi yo‘nalish — xulq-atvor farovonlik iqtisodiyoti shakllangan.

Farovonlik iqtisodiyotiga oid ikki asosiy fundamental teorema mavjud. Birinchi teoremaga ko‘ra, ma’lum shartlar ostida raqobatli bozorlar Pareto samaradorligiga olib keladi&lt;ref name=&quot;ipe&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Hindriks|Myles|2013|pp=33–43}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu g‘oya ba’zan [[koʻrinmas qoʻl]] (Adam Smithning “invisible hand” tushunchasi) deb ataladi. Ikkinchi teorema esa shuni ta’kidlaydiki, qo‘shimcha cheklovlar mavjud bo‘lganda, har qanday Pareto samarali natijaga raqobatli bozor muvozanati orqali erishish mumkin&lt;ref name=&quot;ipe&quot;/&gt;, agar ijtimoiy rejalashtiruvchi ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasidan foydalanib eng adolatli va samarali natijani tanlasa hamda keyinchalik bir martalik transfertlar va erkin savdo orqali unga erishsa&lt;ref name=&quot;ipe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mas552&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Mas-Colell|Whinston|Green|1995|pp=551–572}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Arrowning imkonsizlik teoremasi esa ijtimoiy tanlov nazariyasi bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lib, ba’zan farovonlik iqtisodiyotining uchinchi asosiy teoremasi sifatida qaraladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Feldman 2008&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Feldman|2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti odatda ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasini keltirib chiqarish yoki uni qabul qilishni o‘z ichiga oladi. Ushbu funksiya orqali iqtisodiy jihatdan mumkin bo‘lgan resurs taqsimotlari ular yaratadigan ijtimoiy farovonlik darajasiga qarab tartiblanadi.

==Tarixi==
1951-yilgacha farovonlik iqtisodiyotining maqsadi deyarli bahs-munozarasiz qabul qilingan edi. Iqtisodchilar farovonlik iqtisodiyotini, asosan, hamma narsani nazorat qila oladigan ijtimoiy rejalashtiruvchi qanday optimal qarorlar qabul qilishi kerakligini aniqlovchi fan sohasi sifatida ko‘rishgan. “Farovonlikni maksimal darajaga yetkazish” tushunchasi ko‘pincha [[utilitarizm]] falsafiy yondashuviga asoslangan aniq ma’noga ega deb hisoblangan. Shu bilan birga, iqtisodchilar o‘rtasida foydalilik tushunchasi ordinal foydalilikmi yoki kardinal foydalilikni degan masala yuzasidan munozaralar davom etgan.

Bu bahs qisman Abram Bergsonning 1938-yilda chop etilgan “Farovonlik iqtisodiyotining ayrim jihatlarini qayta shakllantirish” nomli muhim maqolasi bilan hal qilingandek bo‘ldi. Bergson iqtisodiy samaradorlik shartlarini asosiy ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasini to‘liq aniqlamasdan ham aniq ifodalash mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi. U &lt;math&gt;W = W(U_a, U_b)&lt;/math&gt; shaklini ilgari surib, &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt;ni jamiyatning umumiy farovonligini ifodalovchi funksiya sifatida talqin qildi, bunda u har bir individning foydaliligidan tashkil topadi. Shunday qilib, farovonlik funksiyasi faqat ijobiy qiymatlar bilan cheklanadi va maksimal farovonlik resurslar samarali taqsimlanganda hamda har bir individning farovonlikka qo‘shgan chegaraviy hissasi tenglashtirilganda yuzaga keladi.

Biroq bu yondashuv uzoq davom etmadi. 1951-yilda [[Kenneth Arrow]] shuni tekshirdiki, ratsional jamoaviy tanlov qoidalari individual afzalliklardan kelib chiqib ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasini hosil qila oladimi. U ratsional tizim quyidagi to‘rtta shartga javob berishi kerakligini ta’kidladi: qisman universallik, [[Pareto qonuni]], [[totalitarizm]] va erkin tanlov. Arrow shunday xulosaga keldi: individual afzalliklarni birlashtirib, barcha jamiyat a’zolari uchun maqbul va uyg‘un ijtimoiy holatni yaratishning mukammal ratsional usuli mavjud emas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bergson |first=Abram |date=1938 |title=A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=310–334 |doi=10.2307/1881737 |jstor=1881737 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Keyinchalik [[Amartya Sen]] ushbu masalani yanada rivojlantirib, ketma-ket yutuqlar yondashuvining mohiyatini ta’kidladi hamda Arrow nazariyasini chuqurlashtirdi. Senning fikricha, jamoaviy harakat ko‘pincha ijtimoiy qarorlar qabul qilish jarayonida yuzaga keladi, chunki Arrow nazariyasi individual afzalliklarning yig‘indisiga asoslanadi, ammo davlat siyosati yoki daromad taqsimoti kabi masalalarni to‘liq qamrab olmaydi. Neytrallikka asoslangan natijalar, ya’ni maxsus foydalilik muammolaridan qochish, ijtimoiy tahlilni faqat strukturaviy foydalilik bilan cheklab qo‘yadi. Bu esa shaxsning [[ijtimoiy maqom]]i yoki jamiyatdagi o‘rni kabi muhim omillarni yetarlicha hisobga olmaydi. Shu sababli Sen farovonlik tadqiqotlarida qo‘llaniladigan ma’lumotlar doirasini kengaytirishni taklif qildi hamda farovonlik iqtisodiyotida axloqiy va etik masalalarni ochiq muhokama qilish zarurligini ta’kidladi&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Shea Kennelly Caring and Theories&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last1=O'Shea |first1=Eamon |last2=Kennelly |first2=Brendan |title=Caring and Theories of Welfare Economics |date=1995 |doi=10.13025/22996 |doi-access=free |hdl=10379/1364 |hdl-access=free }}{{pn|date=January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5586" sha1="ah9y4mezps3tt6klu5dc4kvptx2frbr" xml:space="preserve">'''Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti''' — bu [[iqtisodiyot]] fanining bir sohasi boʻlib, jamiyatning umumiy [[farovonlik|farovonligi]] darajasini baholash uchun [[mikroiqtisodiyot|mikroiqtisodiy]] usullarni qoʻllaydi&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Deardorff|2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti tamoyillari koʻpincha davlat iqtisodiyotida qoʻllaniladi, u esa davlat aralashuvi orqali [[Farovonlik|ijtimoiy farovonlik]]ni qanday yaxshilash mumkinligini oʻrganadi. Bundan tashqari, farovonlik iqtisodiyoti davlat iqtisodiyotida qoʻllaniladigan bir qator vositalarning nazariy asosini tashkil etadi, masalan, xarajatlar va foydalarni tahlil qilish. Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti va xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti kesishmasida esa yangi yoʻnalish — xulq-atvor farovonlik iqtisodiyoti shakllangan.

Farovonlik iqtisodiyotiga oid ikki asosiy fundamental teorema mavjud. Birinchi teoremaga koʻra, maʼlum shartlar ostida raqobatli bozorlar Pareto samaradorligiga olib keladi&lt;ref name=&quot;ipe&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Hindriks|Myles|2013|pp=33–43}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu gʻoya baʼzan [[koʻrinmas qoʻl]] (Adam Smithning „invisible hand“ tushunchasi) deb ataladi. Ikkinchi teorema esa shuni taʼkidlaydiki, qoʻshimcha cheklovlar mavjud boʻlganda, har qanday Pareto samarali natijaga raqobatli bozor muvozanati orqali erishish mumkin&lt;ref name=&quot;ipe&quot;/&gt;, agar ijtimoiy rejalashtiruvchi ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasidan foydalanib eng adolatli va samarali natijani tanlasa hamda keyinchalik bir martalik transfertlar va erkin savdo orqali unga erishsa&lt;ref name=&quot;ipe&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mas552&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Mas-Colell|Whinston|Green|1995|pp=551–572}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Arrowning imkonsizlik teoremasi esa ijtimoiy tanlov nazariyasi bilan chambarchas bogʻliq boʻlib, baʼzan farovonlik iqtisodiyotining uchinchi asosiy teoremasi sifatida qaraladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Feldman 2008&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Feldman|2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti odatda ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasini keltirib chiqarish yoki uni qabul qilishni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ushbu funksiya orqali iqtisodiy jihatdan mumkin boʻlgan resurs taqsimotlari ular yaratadigan ijtimoiy farovonlik darajasiga qarab tartiblanadi.

== Tarixi ==
1951-yilgacha farovonlik iqtisodiyotining maqsadi deyarli bahs-munozarasiz qabul qilingan edi. Iqtisodchilar farovonlik iqtisodiyotini, asosan, hamma narsani nazorat qila oladigan ijtimoiy rejalashtiruvchi qanday optimal qarorlar qabul qilishi kerakligini aniqlovchi fan sohasi sifatida koʻrishgan. „Farovonlikni maksimal darajaga yetkazish“ tushunchasi koʻpincha [[utilitarizm]] falsafiy yondashuviga asoslangan aniq maʼnoga ega deb hisoblangan. Shu bilan birga, iqtisodchilar oʻrtasida foydalilik tushunchasi ordinal foydalilikmi yoki kardinal foydalilikni degan masala yuzasidan munozaralar davom etgan.

Bu bahs qisman Abram Bergsonning 1938-yilda chop etilgan „Farovonlik iqtisodiyotining ayrim jihatlarini qayta shakllantirish“ nomli muhim maqolasi bilan hal qilingandek boʻldi. Bergson iqtisodiy samaradorlik shartlarini asosiy ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasini toʻliq aniqlamasdan ham aniq ifodalash mumkinligini koʻrsatdi. U &lt;math&gt;W = W(U_a, U_b)&lt;/math&gt; shaklini ilgari surib, &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt;ni jamiyatning umumiy farovonligini ifodalovchi funksiya sifatida talqin qildi, bunda u har bir individning foydaliligidan tashkil topadi. Shunday qilib, farovonlik funksiyasi faqat ijobiy qiymatlar bilan cheklanadi va maksimal farovonlik resurslar samarali taqsimlanganda hamda har bir individning farovonlikka qoʻshgan chegaraviy hissasi tenglashtirilganda yuzaga keladi.

Biroq bu yondashuv uzoq davom etmadi. 1951-yilda [[Kenneth Arrow]] shuni tekshirdiki, ratsional jamoaviy tanlov qoidalari individual afzalliklardan kelib chiqib ijtimoiy farovonlik funksiyasini hosil qila oladimi. U ratsional tizim quyidagi toʻrtta shartga javob berishi kerakligini taʼkidladi: qisman universallik, [[Pareto qonuniyati]], [[totalitarizm]] va erkin tanlov. Arrow shunday xulosaga keldi: individual afzalliklarni birlashtirib, barcha jamiyat aʼzolari uchun maqbul va uygʻun ijtimoiy holatni yaratishning mukammal ratsional usuli mavjud emas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bergson |first=Abram |date=1938 |title=A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=310–334 |doi=10.2307/1881737 |jstor=1881737 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Keyinchalik [[Amartya Sen]] ushbu masalani yanada rivojlantirib, ketma-ket yutuqlar yondashuvining mohiyatini taʼkidladi hamda Arrow nazariyasini chuqurlashtirdi. Senning fikricha, jamoaviy harakat koʻpincha ijtimoiy qarorlar qabul qilish jarayonida yuzaga keladi, chunki Arrow nazariyasi individual afzalliklarning yigʻindisiga asoslanadi, ammo davlat siyosati yoki daromad taqsimoti kabi masalalarni toʻliq qamrab olmaydi. Neytrallikka asoslangan natijalar, yaʼni maxsus foydalilik muammolaridan qochish, ijtimoiy tahlilni faqat strukturaviy foydalilik bilan cheklab qoʻyadi. Bu esa shaxsning [[ijtimoiy maqom]]i yoki jamiyatdagi oʻrni kabi muhim omillarni yetarlicha hisobga olmaydi. Shu sababli Sen farovonlik tadqiqotlarida qoʻllaniladigan maʼlumotlar doirasini kengaytirishni taklif qildi hamda farovonlik iqtisodiyotida axloqiy va etik masalalarni ochiq muhokama qilish zarurligini taʼkidladi&lt;ref name=&quot;OʻShea Kennelly Caring and Theories&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last1=O'Shea |first1=Eamon |last2=Kennelly |first2=Brendan |title=Caring and Theories of Welfare Economics |date=1995 |doi=10.13025/22996 |doi-access=free |hdl=10379/1364 |hdl-access=free }}{{pn|date=January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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    <title>Svetlana Jafarova</title>
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      <text bytes="3871" sha1="npb7llt7w3zt7v2fuxepr7vu8xxj070" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1938|09|14}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Ashxobod}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|2006|01|13|1938|09|14}}
 | vafot_joyi           = {{Vafot etgan joyi|Ashxobod}}, [[Turkmaniston]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkamniston univeristeti]]
 | kasbi                = raqqosa, xoreograf, oʻqituvchi
 | unvoni               = Turkmaniston xalq artisti
}}

'''Svetlana Ismailovna Jafarova''' ({{Lang-tk|Swetlana Jafarowa}}; 1938-yil 14-sentyabr, Ashxobod, Turkmaniston SSR — 2006-yil 13-yanvar, Ashxobod, Turkmaniston) — turkman [[Raqs|raqqosasi]], [[Xoreografiya|xoreograf]], [[oʻqituvchi]]. [[Turkmaniston xalq artisti]] (1993)&lt;ref name=&quot;turkmenistan.ru&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/17406|title=Закончился жизненный путь народной артистки Туркмении Светланы Джафаровой {{!}} Интернет-газета Turkmenistan.Ru|publisher=www.turkmenistan.ru|access-date=08.04.2026|arxivurl=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/17406|arxivsana=08.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Svetlana Jafarova [[1938|1938-yil]] [[14-sentyabr|14-sentyabrda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] tugʻilgan. 1955-yilda [[Turkmaniston davlat filarmoniyasi]] [[balet]] [[Truppa|truppasiga]] qabul qilingan va truppada 1988-yilgacha chiqish qilgan. 1968-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] filologiya fakultetiga rus tili va adabiyoti oʻqituvchisi mutaxassisligi boʻyicha oʻqishga kirib, 1975-yilda tamomlagan. 1988–1991-yillarda Turkmaniston davlat xalq raqs ansambli baletining yetakchi artisti, 1991–1994-yillarda Turkmaniston davlat filarmoniyasi „Mengli“ raqs ansambli bosh xoreografi, 1994-yildan Turkmaniston davlat filarmoniyasi „Mengli“ raqs ansamblining (2001-yildan [[Turkmaniston milliy madaniyat markazi]]) badiiy rahbari bo`lib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;turkmenistan.ru&quot; /&gt;. 

=== Oʻlimi ===
Rasmiy maʼlumotlarga koʻra, Svetlana Jafarova „toʻsatdan vafot etgan“&lt;ref name=&quot;turkmenistan.ru&quot; /&gt;. Mahalliy [[Gazeta|gazetalarda]] [[Turkmaniston prezidenti]] [[Saparmurod Niyozov]], Turkmaniston Majlisi raisi [[Öwezgeldi Ataýew]] va [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Turkmaniston Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining besh nafar amaldagi oʻrinbosari tomonidan imzolangan taʼziyanoma eʼlon qilingan.

Norasmiy versiyaga koʻra, Svetlana Jafarova [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] oʻz uyining podyezdida [[bosqinchilik]] hujumi natijasida oʻldirilgan. Fojianing tafsilotlari oshkor etilmagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1137390480|title=Убита народная артистка Туркменистана танцовщица Светлана Джафарова|publisher=centrasia.org|access-date=08.04.2026|archive-date=08.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927001722/https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1137390480|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Unvon va mukofotlari ===
1993-yilda [[Turkmaniston xalq artisti]] faxriy unvoni bilan, 1995-yil va vafotidan keyin 2016-yilda Turkmanistonning „Vatanga muhabbati uchun“ medali bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-911|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами Туркменистана|publisher=www.parahat.info|access-date=08.04.2026|archive-date=08.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608102637/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-911|url-status=live|sana=2016-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmaniston xalq artistlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]</text>
      <sha1>npb7llt7w3zt7v2fuxepr7vu8xxj070</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti</title>
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      <comment>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar [[Munozara:Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti]] sahifasini [[Munozara:Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]ga koʻchirdi: Notoʻgʻri yozilgan sarlavha</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Pareto qonuniyati</title>
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      <text bytes="17730" sha1="c9m52p2w2w4qyac9nmvgccpcd1e7tfi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pareto principle.png|thumb|Pareto qonuniyati jamg‘arma yig‘ishda ham qo‘llanishi mumkin, ya’ni donorlarning 20% umumiy summaning 80% hissasini taqdim etadi.]]

'''Pareto qonuniyati''' (shuningdek, 80:20 qoidasi, muhim kamchiliklar qonuni va omillar kamligi printsipi deb ham ataladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Box|first1=George E.P.|last2=Meyer|first2=R. Daniel|date=1986|title=Takrorlanmagan fraksion eksperimentlar tahlili|journal=Technometrics|volume=28|issue=1|pages=11–18|doi=10.1080/00401706.1986.10488093}}&lt;/ref&gt;) shuni bildiradiki, ko‘plab natijalarda taxminan 80% oqibatlar 20% sabablar hisobiga kelib chiqadi&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/business/03juran.html|title=Joseph
 Juran, 103, sifat nazoratida pioner, vafot etdi|last1=Bunkley|first1=Nick|date=March 3, 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906182706/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/business/03juran.html|archive-date=September
 6, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1941-yilda boshqaruv maslahatchisi [[Joseph M. Juran]] ushbu tushunchani sifat nazorati va yaxshilash kontekstida ishlab chiqqan, bu g‘oyani u italyan sotsiologi va iqtisodchisi [[Pareto Vilfredo]]ning ishlarini o‘qib chiqqandan so‘ng ilgari surgan. Pareto 1906-yilda [[Lozanna universiteti]]da dars berayotganda 80:20 nisbatini yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pareto|first=Vilfredo|title=Cours d'Économie Politique (ikki jildda)|publisher=F. Rouge (Lausanne) &amp; F. Pichon (Parij)|date=1896–1897}} [https://archive.org/details/fp-0148-1
 1-jild] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130531151249/http://www.institutcoppet.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Cours-déconomie-politique-Tome-II-Vilfredo-Pareto.pdf
 2-jild]&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning birinchi asarida, &quot;''Cours d'économie politique''&quot;, Pareto taxminan 80% yerlarning [[Italiya Qirolligi]] aholining 20% ga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatgan. Pareto qonuni faqat tangensial ravishda [[Pareto samaradorligi]] tushunchasi bilan bog‘liq.

Matematik nuqtai nazardan, 80:20 qoidasi quvvat qonuni bilan bog‘liq. Ko‘plab tabiiy hodisalarda ayrim xususiyatlar quvvat qonuni statistikasi bo‘yicha taqsimlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0412/0412004v3.pdf|title=Quvvat
 qonunlari, Pareto taqsimoti va Zipf qonuni|journal=Contemporary Physics|volume=46|issue=5|pages=323–351|last=Newman|first=MEJ|access-date=April 10, 2011|bibcode=2005ConPh..46..323N|year=2005|arxiv=cond-mat/0412004|doi=10.1080/00107510500052444|s2cid=202719165}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Biznesni boshqarish]]ning bir maqoli shuki: &quot;80% savdo hajmi 20% mijozlar hisobiga keladi.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Marshall|first=Perry|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229294|title=Savdoda
 80/20 qoidasi: eng yaxshi mijozlarni qanday topish|date=October 9, 2013|work=Entrepreneur|access-date=January 5, 2018|language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarixi ==
1941-yilda ruminiyalik kelib chiqishga ega amerikalik muhandis [[Joseph M. Juran]] italiyalik polimat olim [[Pareto Vilfredo]]ning ishlariga duch keldi. Pareto Italiyadagi yerlarning taxminan 80 foizi aholining 20 foiziga tegishli ekanini qayd etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=''Translation of'' Manuale di economia politica (&quot;Siyosiy iqtisod qo‘llanmasi&quot;) |first1=Vilfredo|last1=Pareto|first2=Alfred N.|last2=Page|publisher=A.M. Kelley|year=1971|isbn=978-0-678-00881-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;.

Juran ushbu “muammolarning 80 foizi sabablarning 20 foizidan kelib chiqadi” degan taxminni sifat menejmenti sohasiga qo‘llagan. Keyinchalik faoliyati davomida Juran bu g‘oyani “muhim ozchilik va foydali ko‘pchilik” deb atashni afzal ko‘rgan, chunki u tamoyilni 80 foizlik qismning ahamiyatsiz deb talqin qilinishining oldini olishni istagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 12, 2019|title=Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule) &amp; Pareto Analysis Guide|url=https://www.juran.com/blog/a-guide-to-the-pareto-principle-80-20-rule-pareto-analysis/|access-date=February
 27, 2021|website=Juran|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Matematik izohi ==
Pareto prinsipi namoyon bo‘lishi shuni anglatadiki, jarayonlardagi o‘zgarishlarning katta qismi jarayon o‘zgaruvchilarining kichik qismi bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Bu holat kengroq [[Pareto taqsimoti]] fenomenining maxsus ko‘rinishidir.

Agar [[Pareto indeksi]] '''α''', ya’ni Pareto taqsimotini tavsiflovchi parametrlaridan biri, '''α''' = log&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;5 ≈ 1.16 deb tanlansa, unda natijalarning 80 foizi sabablarning 20 foizidan kelib chiqadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Dunford |first=R |title=The Pareto Principle |url=https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/14054/TPSS-2014-Vol7n1_140-148Dunford.pdf
 |journal=The Plymouth Student Scientist |year=2014 |access-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122121809/https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/14054/TPSS-2014-Vol7n1_140-148Dunford.pdf
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

80:20 atamasi faqat umumiy qonuniyatning qisqacha ifodasidir. Amaliy holatlarda taqsimot 90:10 yoki 70:30 ga yaqin bo‘lishi mumkin. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, bu ikki sonning yig‘indisi 100 bo‘lishi shart emas, chunki ular turli kattaliklarni ifodalaydi.

Pareto prinsipi &quot;daraja qonuni&quot; munosabatining misolidir. Bunday hodisalar o‘rmon yong‘inlari va zilzilalarda ham uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Bak |first=Per |title=How Nature Works: the science of self-organized criticality |page=89 |year=1999 |publisher=Springer |isbn=0-387-94791-4 |author-link=Per Bak}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Benoit Mandelbrot bu qonuniyatni iqtisodiyot va ijtimoiy fanlarda daromad dinamikasi orqali izohlagan. Uning fikricha, ma’lum minimal daromad chegarasidan yuqorida shaxs daromadining ma’lum foizga oshishi yoki kamayishi ehtimoli barcha daromad darajalarida bir xil bo‘ladi. Natijada, ma’lum daromad (x) oluvchilar sonining uning yarmi (x/2) daromad oluvchilarga nisbati x qiymatidan qat’i nazar o‘zgarmaydi.

Bu xususiyat daraja qonuni taqsimotining asosiy belgisi bo‘lib, u o‘z-o‘ziga o‘xshashlik xususiyatiga ega. Shu sababli u [[normal taqsimot|normal (Gauss) taqsimot]]dan tubdan farq qiluvchi natijalarni beradi.

Kam uchraydigan, lekin juda katta (katastrofik) hodisalar ehtimoli daraja qonuni taqsimotida odatiy modellarga qaraganda ancha yuqori bo‘ladi. Shu sababli, aksiyadorlik bozori kabi jarayonlarni Gauss taqsimoti asosida modellashtirish ko‘pincha noto‘g‘ri natijalarga olib keladi va murakkab moliyaviy instrumentlar tez-tez muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Taleb |first=Nassim |title=The Black Swan |pages=229–252, 274–285 |year=2007 |author-link=Nassim Taleb |title-link=The Black Swan (Taleb book)}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 80:20 qoidasida ''α'' ni chiqarish ===

Misol sifatida boylikning [[Pareto taqsimoti]]ni ko‘rib chiqamiz. (1-tur) Pareto taqsimoti quyidagicha aniqlanadi:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;p(x)= \begin{cases} \frac{\alpha,x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha}{x^{\alpha+1}} &amp; x \ge x_\mathrm{m}, \ 0 &amp; x &lt; x_\mathrm{m}. \end{cases} &lt;/math&gt;

bu yerda &lt;math&gt;x_m&lt;/math&gt; — masshtab parametri, &lt;math&gt;\alpha&lt;/math&gt; esa shakl parametri.
''x'' o‘zgaruvchisi boylikni (masalan, dollar) bildiradi, ''p(x)dx'' esa ''x'' va ''x+dx'' oralig‘ida boylikka ega aholi ulushini ifodalaydi. Agar ''N'' umumiy aholi soni bo‘lsa, ushbu oraliqdagi odamlar soni &lt;math&gt;N p(x) dx&lt;/math&gt; bo‘ladi va ular jami &lt;math&gt;N x,p(x) dx&lt;/math&gt; boylikka ega bo‘ladi.

&lt;math&gt;x_a&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_b&lt;/math&gt; oralig‘idagi boylikka ega aholi soni:

:&lt;math&gt;N\int_{x_a}^{x_b} p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

ular egalik qilayotgan umumiy boylik esa:

:&lt;math&gt;N \int_{x_a}^{x_b} x,p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

Jami boylik:

:&lt;math&gt;N \int_{x_m}^\infty x,p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

80% aholi (past daromadli qatlam) &lt;math&gt;x_m&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_o&lt;/math&gt; oralig‘ida joylashgan bo‘lsa:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{N\int_{x_m}^{x_o} p(x)dx}{N\int_{x_m}^\infty p(x)dx} = 1-\left(\frac{x_m}{x_o}\right)^\alpha= 0.8&lt;/math&gt;

Agar ular boylikning 20% iga ega bo‘lsa:

:&lt;math&gt;\frac{N\int_{x_m}^{x_o} x,p(x)dx}{N\int_{x_m}^\infty x,p(x)dx} = 1-\left(\frac{x_m}{x_o}\right)^{\alpha-1}= 0.2&lt;/math&gt;

Ushbu tenglamalarni yechish natijasida:

:&lt;math&gt;\alpha=\log_4(5)&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_o=4, x_m&lt;/math&gt;

hosil bo‘ladi.

=== Gini koeffitsienti va Hoover indeksi ===

&quot;''A'':''B''&quot; (masalan, 0.8:0.2) ko‘rinishida va ''A'' + ''B'' = 1 bo‘lganda, daromad tengsizligi ko‘rsatkichlari — [[Jini indeksi]] (G) va [[Hoover indeksi]] (H) quyidagicha hisoblanadi:

:&lt;math&gt;H=G=|2A-1|=|1-2B|=\frac{1}{2\alpha-1} &lt;/math&gt;

80:20 holatda:

:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{G}\approx 0.756&lt;/math&gt;

va:

:&lt;math&gt;A:B = \left( \frac{1+H} 2 \right): \left( \frac{1-H} 2 \right)&lt;/math&gt;

== Tahlili ==
[[File:Pareto analysis.svg|thumb|Qaysi sababni birinchi hal qilish kerakligini ko‘rsatuvchi Pareto tahlili diagrammasi]]

Pareto tahlili — ko‘plab mumkin bo‘lgan harakat variantlari mavjud bo‘lganda, ularning ichidan eng muhimlarini tanlashga yordam beradigan rasmiy usuldir. Aslida, muammoni hal qiluvchi shaxs har bir harakatdan olinadigan foydani baholaydi va umumiy foydani maksimal darajaga yaqinlashtiradigan eng samarali harakatlar to‘plamini tanlaydi.

Pareto tahlili muammolar sabablarini ko‘rib chiqishda ijodiy yondashuv bo‘lib, fikrlashni rag‘batlantiradi va g‘oyalarni tartibga solishga yordam beradi. Biroq, u dastlab kichik bo‘lib ko‘ringan, ammo vaqt o‘tishi bilan kattalashishi mumkin bo‘lgan muhim muammolarni e’tibordan chetda qoldirishi bilan cheklangan bo‘lishi mumkin. Shu sababli uni boshqa tahlil usullari bilan birgalikda qo‘llash tavsiya etiladi, masalan nosozlik rejimi va ta’siri tahlili (FMEA) va xatolik daraxti tahlili kabi{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}.

Ushbu usul muammolarning katta qismini hal qilish uchun e’tibor qaratilishi kerak bo‘lgan asosiy sabablarni aniqlashga yordam beradi. Asosiy sabablar aniqlangach, muammolarning ildiz sabablarini topish uchun [[Ishikava diagrammasi]] kabi vositalardan foydalanish mumkin. Pareto prinsipi ko‘pincha “80:20 qoidasi” deb ataladi, ya’ni barcha holatlarda sabablarning 20 foizi muammolarning 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradi degan faraz mavjud. Biroq bu nisbat faqat qulay umumlashtirish bo‘lib, qat’iy va o‘zgarmas tabiiy qonun hisoblanmaydi.

Risklarni boshqarishda Pareto tahlilidan foydalanish rahbariyatga loyihaga eng katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan xavflarga e’tibor qaratish imkonini beradi&lt;ref&gt;David Litten, [http://www.pmhut.com/project-risk-and-risk-management
 Project Risk and Risk Management], ''Retrieved May 16, 2010''&lt;/ref&gt;.

80:20 qoidasidan foydalangan holda muhim sabablarni aniqlash bosqichlari&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pareto Analysis|url=http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/pspareto.cfm|accessdate=January
 12, 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208180732/http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/pspareto.cfm|archivedate=February
 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;:

*Hodisalar chastotasini foizlarda ifodalash
*Sabablarni muhimlik darajasi bo‘yicha kamayish tartibida joylashtirish (eng muhim sabab birinchi)
*Jadvalga yig‘indi (kumulativ) foiz ustunini qo‘shish va ma’lumotlarni grafikda tasvirlash
*(1) Grafik chizish: ''x'' o‘qida sabablar, ''y'' o‘qida kumulativ foiz
*(2) Ustunli diagramma chizish: ''x'' o‘qida sabablar, ''y'' o‘qida foiz chastotasi
*''y'' o‘qidan 80% darajada gorizontal nuqtali chiziq chizish va uni egri chiziq bilan kesishguncha davom ettirish. So‘ng kesish nuqtasidan ''x'' o‘qiga vertikal nuqtali chiziq tushirish. Bu chiziq muhim sabablar (chap tomonda) va ikkinchi darajali sabablar (o‘ng tomonda)ni ajratadi
*Diagrammani sinchiklab tekshirib, muammolarning kamida 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradigan sabablar qamrab olinganiga ishonch hosil qilish

== Qo‘llanilishi ==
=== Iqtisodiyot ===

Vilfredo Pareto kuzatuvi aholi va boylikning taqsimlanishi bilan bog‘liq edi. Pareto Italiyada yerlarning taxminan 80 foizi aholining 20 foiziga tegishli ekanligini aniqlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;. Keyinchalik u boshqa davlatlarda ham tadqiqotlar o‘tkazib, shunga o‘xshash taqsimot mavjudligini aniqlagan{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}.

1992-yildagi United Nations Development Programme hisobotida ushbu effektni ko‘rsatadigan diagramma berilgan bo‘lib, unda dunyo aholisining eng boy 20 foizi umumiy daromadning 82,7 foizini olishi ko‘rsatilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|author=United Nations Development Program|title=1992 Human Development Report|year=1992|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq davlatlar kesimida [[Jini indeksi]] boylik taqsimotining bu normadan sezilarli darajada farq qilishini ko‘rsatadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Poverty, Growth, and Inequality over the Next 50 Years|first=Evan|last=Hillebrand|publisher=FAO, United Nations – Economic and Social Development Department|date=June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020065423/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak968e/ak968e00.pdf|archive-date=October
 20, 2017|url-status=dead|url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak968e/ak968e00.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Jahon YaIM taqsimoti, 1989&lt;ref name=&quot;1992 Human Development Report, Chapter 3&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1992/chapters/|title=Human
 Development Report 1992, Chapter 3|access-date=July 8, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aholi kvintili
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Daromad
|-
| Eng boy 20%
|82.70%
|-
|Ikkinchi 20%
|11.75%
|-
|Uchinchi 20%
|2.30%
|-
|To‘rtinchi 20%
|1.85%
|-
|Eng kambag‘al 20%
|1.40%
|}

Bu prinsip taqsimotning “dum” qismida ham amal qiladi. Victor Yakovenko va A. Christian Silva AQSh soliq ma’lumotlarini (1983–2001) tahlil qilib, aholining eng boy 1–3 foizi daromadlari ham Pareto qonuniyatiga mos kelishini aniqlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Yakovenko|first1=Victor M.|chapter=Two-class Structure of Income Distribution in the USA: Exponential Bulk and Power-law Tail|date=2005|title=Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I|pages=15–23|publisher=Springer Milan|last2=Silva|first2=A. Christian}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tyler Cowen va Daniel Gross Pareto printsipi eng iqtidorli 20% insonlar iqtisodiy o‘sishning asosiy qismini ta’minlashini tushuntirishda ham qo‘llanishi mumkinligini ta’kidlagan&lt;ref&gt;Paris Vous Aime Magazine, No 13, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;.

Savdo sohasida esa 20% mahsulotlar 80% foyda keltiradi degan qoida keng tarqalgan&lt;ref name=&quot;goldberg19840904&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Goldberg |first=Cheryl J. |date=September 4, 1984 |title=Milk, Butter, Cheese, and PCs |magazine=PC}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1988-yilda [[The New York Times]] ko‘plab video ijarasi do‘konlarida daromadning 80% atigi 20% videolardan kelishini qayd etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;kleinfield19880501&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A Tight Squeeze at Video Stores|date=May 1, 1988|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Hisoblash (kompyuter fanlari) ===

Kompyuter fanlari sohasida Pareto qonuniyati optimallashtirish jarayonlarida qo‘llaniladi&lt;ref name=optimization&gt;{{citation|first1=M.|last1=Gen|first2=R.|last2=Cheng|title=Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Optimization|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Microsoft kompaniyasi shuni aniqladiki, eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolarning 20%ini tuzatish tizimdagi xatolarning 80%ini bartaraf etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=Microsoft's CEO: 80–20 Rule Applies To Bugs}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lovell Artur bu holatni quyidagicha ifodalagan:
“kodning 20 foizi xatolarning 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradi; ularni top va tuzat”.

=== Mehnat xavfsizligi ===

Mehnatni muhofaza qilish va texnika xavfsizligi mutaxassislari Pareto printsipidan xavflarni ustuvorlashtirish uchun foydalanadilar. 20% xavf omillari 80% jarohatlarni keltirib chiqaradi deb qaraladi. Bu yondashuv resurslarni samarali taqsimlashga va eng muhim xavflarni birinchi bo‘lib bartaraf etishga yordam beradi&lt;ref name=USCG001&gt;{{cite web|title=Introduction to Risk-based Decision-Making |url= http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg5211/docs/RBDM_Files/PDF/RBDM_Guidelines/Volume%202/Volume%202-Chapter%206.pdf |work=USCG Safety Program |publisher= United States Coast Guard |access-date= January 14, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==

*{{Citation |last=Bookstein |first=Abraham |year=1990 |title=Informetrik taqsimotlar, I qism: yagona umumiy ko‘rinish |journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=368–375 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199007)41:5&lt;368::AID-ASI8&gt;3.0.CO;2-C }}
*{{Citation |author1=Klass, O. S. |author2=Biham, O. |author3=Levy, M. |author4=Malcai, O. |author5=Soloman, S. |year=2006 |title=Forbes 400 va Pareto boylik taqsimoti |journal=Economics Letters |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=290–295 |doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2005.08.020 }}
*{{Citation |title=80/20 usulida yashash: kamroq ishlash, kamroq tashvishlanish, ko‘proq muvaffaqiyatga erishish va ko‘proq zavqlanish |last=Koch |first=R. |year=2004 |publisher=Nicholas Brealey Publishing |location=London |isbn=1-85788-331-4 }}
*{{Citation |last=Reed |first=W. J. |year=2001 |title=Pareto, Zipf va boshqa daraja qonunlari |journal=Economics Letters |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=15–19 |doi=10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00524-9 }}
*{{Citation |doi=10.1016/0094-1190(80)90043-1 |author1=Rosen, K. T. |author2=Resnick, M. |year=1980 |title=Shaharlar o‘lchamining taqsimoti: Pareto qonuni va ustunlikni tahlil qilish |journal=Journal of Urban Economics |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=165–186 |url= https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tt5c711}}
*{{citation |title=Logistika va taqsimot boshqaruvi qo‘llanmasi |last1=Rushton |first1=A. |last2=Oxley |first2=J. |last3=Croucher |first3=P. |year=2000 |edition=2nd |publisher=Kogan Page |location=London |isbn=978-0-7494-3365-9 }}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17673" sha1="3iiyq5mql4xlos3ih3mehj6vcua2jjo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pareto principle.png|thumb|Pareto qonuniyati jamgʻarma yigʻishda ham qoʻllanishi mumkin, yaʼni donorlarning 20% umumiy summaning 80% hissasini taqdim etadi.]]

'''Pareto qonuniyati''' (shuningdek, 80:20 qoidasi, muhim kamchiliklar qonuni va omillar kamligi printsipi deb ham ataladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Box|first1=George E.P.|last2=Meyer|first2=R. Daniel|date=1986|title=Takrorlanmagan fraksion eksperimentlar tahlili|journal=Technometrics|volume=28|issue=1|pages=11–18|doi=10.1080/00401706.1986.10488093}}&lt;/ref&gt;) shuni bildiradiki, koʻplab natijalarda taxminan 80% oqibatlar 20% sabablar hisobiga kelib chiqadi&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/business/03juran.html|title=Joseph
 Juran, 103, sifat nazoratida pioner, vafot etdi|last1=Bunkley|first1=Nick|date=March 3, 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906182706/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/business/03juran.html|archive-date=September
 6, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1941-yilda boshqaruv maslahatchisi [[Joseph M. Juran]] ushbu tushunchani sifat nazorati va yaxshilash kontekstida ishlab chiqqan, bu g‘oyani u italyan sotsiologi va iqtisodchisi [[Pareto Vilfredo]]ning ishlarini o‘qib chiqqandan so‘ng ilgari surgan. Pareto 1906-yilda [[Lozanna universiteti]]da dars berayotganda 80:20 nisbatini yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pareto|first=Vilfredo|title=Cours d'Économie Politique (ikki jildda)|publisher=F. Rouge (Lausanne) &amp; F. Pichon (Parij)|date=1896–1897}} [https://archive.org/details/fp-0148-1
 1-jild] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130531151249/http://www.institutcoppet.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Cours-déconomie-politique-Tome-II-Vilfredo-Pareto.pdf
 2-jild]&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning birinchi asarida, &quot;''Cours d'économie politique''&quot;, Pareto taxminan 80% yerlarning [[Italiya Qirolligi]] aholining 20% ga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatgan. Pareto qonuni faqat tangensial ravishda [[Pareto samaradorligi]] tushunchasi bilan bog‘liq.

Matematik nuqtai nazardan, 80:20 qoidasi quvvat qonuni bilan bogʻliq. Koʻplab tabiiy hodisalarda ayrim xususiyatlar quvvat qonuni statistikasi boʻyicha taqsimlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0412/0412004v3.pdf|title=Quvvat
 qonunlari, Pareto taqsimoti va Zipf qonuni|journal=Contemporary Physics|volume=46|issue=5|pages=323–351|last=Newman|first=MEJ|access-date=April 10, 2011|bibcode=2005ConPh..46..323N|year=2005|arxiv=cond-mat/0412004|doi=10.1080/00107510500052444|s2cid=202719165}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Biznesni boshqarish]]ning bir maqoli shuki: &quot;80% savdo hajmi 20% mijozlar hisobiga keladi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Marshall|first=Perry|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229294|title=Savdoda
 80/20 qoidasi: eng yaxshi mijozlarni qanday topish|date=October 9, 2013|work=Entrepreneur|access-date=January 5, 2018|language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarixi ==
1941-yilda ruminiyalik kelib chiqishga ega amerikalik muhandis [[Joseph M. Juran]] italiyalik polimat olim [[Pareto Vilfredo]]ning ishlariga duch keldi. Pareto Italiyadagi yerlarning taxminan 80 foizi aholining 20 foiziga tegishli ekanini qayd etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=''Translation of'' Manuale di economia politica (&quot;Siyosiy iqtisod qo‘llanmasi&quot;) |first1=Vilfredo|last1=Pareto|first2=Alfred N.|last2=Page|publisher=A.M. Kelley|year=1971|isbn=978-0-678-00881-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;.

Juran ushbu „muammolarning 80 foizi sabablarning 20 foizidan kelib chiqadi“ degan taxminni sifat menejmenti sohasiga qoʻllagan. Keyinchalik faoliyati davomida Juran bu gʻoyani „muhim ozchilik va foydali koʻpchilik“ deb atashni afzal koʻrgan, chunki u tamoyilni 80 foizlik qismning ahamiyatsiz deb talqin qilinishining oldini olishni istagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 12, 2019|title=Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule) &amp; Pareto Analysis Guide|url=https://www.juran.com/blog/a-guide-to-the-pareto-principle-80-20-rule-pareto-analysis/|access-date=February
 27, 2021|website=Juran|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Matematik izohi ==
Pareto prinsipi namoyon bo‘lishi shuni anglatadiki, jarayonlardagi o‘zgarishlarning katta qismi jarayon o‘zgaruvchilarining kichik qismi bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Bu holat kengroq [[Pareto taqsimoti]] fenomenining maxsus ko‘rinishidir.

Agar [[Pareto indeksi]] '''α''', ya’ni Pareto taqsimotini tavsiflovchi parametrlaridan biri, '''α''' = log&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;5 ≈ 1.16 deb tanlansa, unda natijalarning 80 foizi sabablarning 20 foizidan kelib chiqadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Dunford |first=R |title=The Pareto Principle |url=https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/14054/TPSS-2014-Vol7n1_140-148Dunford.pdf
 |journal=The Plymouth Student Scientist |year=2014 |access-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122121809/https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/14054/TPSS-2014-Vol7n1_140-148Dunford.pdf
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

80:20 atamasi faqat umumiy qonuniyatning qisqacha ifodasidir. Amaliy holatlarda taqsimot 90:10 yoki 70:30 ga yaqin bo‘lishi mumkin. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, bu ikki sonning yig‘indisi 100 bo‘lishi shart emas, chunki ular turli kattaliklarni ifodalaydi.

Pareto prinsipi &quot;daraja qonuni&quot; munosabatining misolidir. Bunday hodisalar o‘rmon yong‘inlari va zilzilalarda ham uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Bak |first=Per |title=How Nature Works: the science of self-organized criticality |page=89 |year=1999 |publisher=Springer |isbn=0-387-94791-4 |author-link=Per Bak}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Benoit Mandelbrot bu qonuniyatni iqtisodiyot va ijtimoiy fanlarda daromad dinamikasi orqali izohlagan. Uning fikricha, maʼlum minimal daromad chegarasidan yuqorida shaxs daromadining maʼlum foizga oshishi yoki kamayishi ehtimoli barcha daromad darajalarida bir xil boʻladi. Natijada, maʼlum daromad (x) oluvchilar sonining uning yarmi (x/2) daromad oluvchilarga nisbati x qiymatidan qatʼi nazar oʻzgarmaydi.

Bu xususiyat daraja qonuni taqsimotining asosiy belgisi boʻlib, u oʻz-oʻziga oʻxshashlik xususiyatiga ega. Shu sababli u [[normal taqsimot|normal (Gauss) taqsimot]]dan tubdan farq qiluvchi natijalarni beradi.

Kam uchraydigan, lekin juda katta (katastrofik) hodisalar ehtimoli daraja qonuni taqsimotida odatiy modellarga qaraganda ancha yuqori boʻladi. Shu sababli, aksiyadorlik bozori kabi jarayonlarni Gauss taqsimoti asosida modellashtirish koʻpincha notoʻgʻri natijalarga olib keladi va murakkab moliyaviy instrumentlar tez-tez muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Taleb |first=Nassim |title=The Black Swan |pages=229–252, 274–285 |year=2007 |author-link=Nassim Taleb |title-link=The Black Swan (Taleb book)}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 80:20 qoidasida ''α'' ni chiqarish ===

Misol sifatida boylikning [[Pareto taqsimoti]]ni koʻrib chiqamiz. (1-tur) Pareto taqsimoti quyidagicha aniqlanadi:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;p(x)= \begin{cases} \frac{\alpha, x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha}{x^{\alpha+1}} &amp; x \ge x_\mathrm{m}, \ 0 &amp; x &lt; x_\mathrm{m}. \end{cases} &lt;/math&gt;

bu yerda &lt;math&gt;x_m&lt;/math&gt; — masshtab parametri, &lt;math&gt;\alpha&lt;/math&gt; esa shakl parametri.
''x'' oʻzgaruvchisi boylikni (masalan, dollar) bildiradi, ''p(x)dx'' esa ''x'' va ''x+dx'' oraligʻida boylikka ega aholi ulushini ifodalaydi. Agar ''N'' umumiy aholi soni boʻlsa, ushbu oraliqdagi odamlar soni &lt;math&gt;N p(x) dx&lt;/math&gt; boʻladi va ular jami &lt;math&gt;N x,p(x) dx&lt;/math&gt; boylikka ega boʻladi.

&lt;math&gt;x_a&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_b&lt;/math&gt; oraligʻidagi boylikka ega aholi soni:

: &lt;math&gt;N\int_{x_a}^{x_b} p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

ular egalik qilayotgan umumiy boylik esa:

: &lt;math&gt;N \int_{x_a}^{x_b} x,p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

Jami boylik:

: &lt;math&gt;N \int_{x_m}^\infty x,p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

80% aholi (past daromadli qatlam) &lt;math&gt;x_m&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_o&lt;/math&gt; oraligʻida joylashgan boʻlsa:
: &lt;math&gt;\frac{N\int_{x_m}^{x_o} p(x)dx}{N\int_{x_m}^\infty p(x)dx} = 1-\left(\frac{x_m}{x_o}\right)^\alpha= 0.8&lt;/math&gt;

Agar ular boylikning 20% iga ega boʻlsa:

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{N\int_{x_m}^{x_o} x,p(x)dx}{N\int_{x_m}^\infty x,p(x)dx} = 1-\left(\frac{x_m}{x_o}\right)^{\alpha-1}= 0.2&lt;/math&gt;

Ushbu tenglamalarni yechish natijasida:

: &lt;math&gt;\alpha=\log_4(5)&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_o=4, x_m&lt;/math&gt;

hosil boʻladi.

=== Gini koeffitsienti va Hoover indeksi ===

„''A'':''B''“ (masalan, 0.8:0.2) koʻrinishida va ''A'' + ''B'' = 1 boʻlganda, daromad tengsizligi koʻrsatkichlari — [[Jini indeksi]] (G) va [[Hoover indeksi]] (H) quyidagicha hisoblanadi:

: &lt;math&gt;H=G=|2A-1|=|1-2B|=\frac{1}{2\alpha-1} &lt;/math&gt;

80:20 holatda:

: &lt;math&gt;\mathrm{G}\approx 0.756&lt;/math&gt;

va:

: &lt;math&gt;A:B = \left( \frac{1+H} 2 \right): \left( \frac{1-H} 2 \right)&lt;/math&gt;

== Tahlili ==
[[File:Pareto analysis.svg|thumb|Qaysi sababni birinchi hal qilish kerakligini koʻrsatuvchi Pareto tahlili diagrammasi]]

Pareto tahlili — koʻplab mumkin boʻlgan harakat variantlari mavjud boʻlganda, ularning ichidan eng muhimlarini tanlashga yordam beradigan rasmiy usuldir. Aslida, muammoni hal qiluvchi shaxs har bir harakatdan olinadigan foydani baholaydi va umumiy foydani maksimal darajaga yaqinlashtiradigan eng samarali harakatlar toʻplamini tanlaydi.

Pareto tahlili muammolar sabablarini koʻrib chiqishda ijodiy yondashuv boʻlib, fikrlashni ragʻbatlantiradi va gʻoyalarni tartibga solishga yordam beradi. Biroq, u dastlab kichik boʻlib koʻringan, ammo vaqt oʻtishi bilan kattalashishi mumkin boʻlgan muhim muammolarni eʼtibordan chetda qoldirishi bilan cheklangan boʻlishi mumkin. Shu sababli uni boshqa tahlil usullari bilan birgalikda qoʻllash tavsiya etiladi, masalan nosozlik rejimi va taʼsiri tahlili (FMEA) va xatolik daraxti tahlili kabi{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}.

Ushbu usul muammolarning katta qismini hal qilish uchun eʼtibor qaratilishi kerak boʻlgan asosiy sabablarni aniqlashga yordam beradi. Asosiy sabablar aniqlangach, muammolarning ildiz sabablarini topish uchun [[Ishikava diagrammasi]] kabi vositalardan foydalanish mumkin. Pareto prinsipi koʻpincha „80:20 qoidasi“ deb ataladi, yaʼni barcha holatlarda sabablarning 20 foizi muammolarning 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradi degan faraz mavjud. Biroq bu nisbat faqat qulay umumlashtirish boʻlib, qatʼiy va oʻzgarmas tabiiy qonun hisoblanmaydi.

Risklarni boshqarishda Pareto tahlilidan foydalanish rahbariyatga loyihaga eng katta taʼsir koʻrsatadigan xavflarga eʼtibor qaratish imkonini beradi&lt;ref&gt;David Litten, [http://www.pmhut.com/project-risk-and-risk-management
 Project Risk and Risk Management], ''Retrieved May 16, 2010''&lt;/ref&gt;.

80:20 qoidasidan foydalangan holda muhim sabablarni aniqlash bosqichlari&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pareto Analysis|url=http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/pspareto.cfm|accessdate=January
 12, 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208180732/http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/pspareto.cfm|archivedate=February
 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;:

*Hodisalar chastotasini foizlarda ifodalash
*Sabablarni muhimlik darajasi bo‘yicha kamayish tartibida joylashtirish (eng muhim sabab birinchi)
*Jadvalga yig‘indi (kumulativ) foiz ustunini qo‘shish va ma’lumotlarni grafikda tasvirlash
*(1) Grafik chizish: ''x'' o‘qida sabablar, ''y'' o‘qida kumulativ foiz
*(2) Ustunli diagramma chizish: ''x'' o‘qida sabablar, ''y'' o‘qida foiz chastotasi
*''y'' o‘qidan 80% darajada gorizontal nuqtali chiziq chizish va uni egri chiziq bilan kesishguncha davom ettirish. So‘ng kesish nuqtasidan ''x'' o‘qiga vertikal nuqtali chiziq tushirish. Bu chiziq muhim sabablar (chap tomonda) va ikkinchi darajali sabablar (o‘ng tomonda)ni ajratadi
*Diagrammani sinchiklab tekshirib, muammolarning kamida 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradigan sabablar qamrab olinganiga ishonch hosil qilish

== Qo‘llanilishi ==
=== Iqtisodiyot ===

Vilfredo Pareto kuzatuvi aholi va boylikning taqsimlanishi bilan bog‘liq edi. Pareto Italiyada yerlarning taxminan 80 foizi aholining 20 foiziga tegishli ekanligini aniqlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;. Keyinchalik u boshqa davlatlarda ham tadqiqotlar o‘tkazib, shunga o‘xshash taqsimot mavjudligini aniqlagan{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}.

1992-yildagi United Nations Development Programme hisobotida ushbu effektni koʻrsatadigan diagramma berilgan boʻlib, unda dunyo aholisining eng boy 20 foizi umumiy daromadning 82,7 foizini olishi koʻrsatilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|author=United Nations Development Program|title=1992 Human Development Report|year=1992|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq davlatlar kesimida [[Jini indeksi]] boylik taqsimotining bu normadan sezilarli darajada farq qilishini koʻrsatadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Poverty, Growth, and Inequality over the Next 50 Years|first=Evan|last=Hillebrand|publisher=FAO, United Nations – Economic and Social Development Department|date=June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020065423/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak968e/ak968e00.pdf|archive-date=October
 20, 2017|url-status=dead|url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak968e/ak968e00.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Jahon YaIM taqsimoti, 1989&lt;ref name=&quot;1992 Human Development Report, Chapter 3&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1992/chapters/|title=Human
 Development Report 1992, Chapter 3|access-date=July 8, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aholi kvintili
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Daromad
|-
| Eng boy 20%
|82.70%
|-
|Ikkinchi 20%
|11.75%
|-
|Uchinchi 20%
|2.30%
|-
|To‘rtinchi 20%
|1.85%
|-
|Eng kambag‘al 20%
|1.40%
|}

Bu prinsip taqsimotning “dum” qismida ham amal qiladi. Victor Yakovenko va A. Christian Silva AQSh soliq ma’lumotlarini (1983–2001) tahlil qilib, aholining eng boy 1–3 foizi daromadlari ham Pareto qonuniyatiga mos kelishini aniqlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Yakovenko|first1=Victor M.|chapter=Two-class Structure of Income Distribution in the USA: Exponential Bulk and Power-law Tail|date=2005|title=Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I|pages=15–23|publisher=Springer Milan|last2=Silva|first2=A. Christian}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tyler Cowen va Daniel Gross Pareto printsipi eng iqtidorli 20% insonlar iqtisodiy oʻsishning asosiy qismini taʼminlashini tushuntirishda ham qoʻllanishi mumkinligini taʼkidlagan&lt;ref&gt;Paris Vous Aime Magazine, No 13, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;.

Savdo sohasida esa 20% mahsulotlar 80% foyda keltiradi degan qoida keng tarqalgan&lt;ref name=&quot;goldberg19840904&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Goldberg |first=Cheryl J. |date=September 4, 1984 |title=Milk, Butter, Cheese, and PCs |magazine=PC}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1988-yilda [[The New York Times]] koʻplab video ijarasi doʻkonlarida daromadning 80% atigi 20% videolardan kelishini qayd etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;kleinfield19880501&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A Tight Squeeze at Video Stores|date=May 1, 1988|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Hisoblash (kompyuter fanlari) ===

Kompyuter fanlari sohasida Pareto qonuniyati optimallashtirish jarayonlarida qoʻllaniladi&lt;ref name=optimization&gt;{{citation|first1=M.|last1=Gen|first2=R.|last2=Cheng|title=Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Optimization|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Microsoft kompaniyasi shuni aniqladiki, eng koʻp uchraydigan xatolarning 20%ini tuzatish tizimdagi xatolarning 80%ini bartaraf etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=Microsoft's CEO: 80–20 Rule Applies To Bugs}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lovell Artur bu holatni quyidagicha ifodalagan:
„kodning 20 foizi xatolarning 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradi; ularni top va tuzat“.

=== Mehnat xavfsizligi ===

Mehnatni muhofaza qilish va texnika xavfsizligi mutaxassislari Pareto printsipidan xavflarni ustuvorlashtirish uchun foydalanadilar. 20% xavf omillari 80% jarohatlarni keltirib chiqaradi deb qaraladi. Bu yondashuv resurslarni samarali taqsimlashga va eng muhim xavflarni birinchi boʻlib bartaraf etishga yordam beradi&lt;ref name=USCG001&gt;{{cite web|title=Introduction to Risk-based Decision-Making |url= http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg5211/docs/RBDM_Files/PDF/RBDM_Guidelines/Volume%202/Volume%202-Chapter%206.pdf |work=USCG Safety Program |publisher= United States Coast Guard |access-date= January 14, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==

* {{Citation |last=Bookstein |first=Abraham |year=1990 |title=Informetrik taqsimotlar, I qism: yagona umumiy ko‘rinish |journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=368–375 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199007)41:5&lt;368::AID-ASI8&gt;3.0.CO;2-C }}
* {{Citation |author1=Klass, O. S. |author2=Biham, O. |author3=Levy, M. |author4=Malcai, O. |author5=Soloman, S. |year=2006 |title=Forbes 400 va Pareto boylik taqsimoti |journal=Economics Letters |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=290–295 |doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2005.08.020 }}
* {{Citation |title=80/20 usulida yashash: kamroq ishlash, kamroq tashvishlanish, ko‘proq muvaffaqiyatga erishish va ko‘proq zavqlanish |last=Koch |first=R. |year=2004 |publisher=Nicholas Brealey Publishing |location=London |isbn=1-85788-331-4 }}
* {{Citation |last=Reed |first=W. J. |year=2001 |title=Pareto, Zipf va boshqa daraja qonunlari |journal=Economics Letters |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=15–19 |doi=10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00524-9 }}
* {{Citation |doi=10.1016/0094-1190(80)90043-1 |author1=Rosen, K. T. |author2=Resnick, M. |year=1980 |title=Shaharlar o‘lchamining taqsimoti: Pareto qonuni va ustunlikni tahlil qilish |journal=Journal of Urban Economics |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=165–186 |url= https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tt5c711}}
* {{citation |title=Logistika va taqsimot boshqaruvi qo‘llanmasi |last1=Rushton |first1=A. |last2=Oxley |first2=J. |last3=Croucher |first3=P. |year=2000 |edition=2nd |publisher=Kogan Page |location=London |isbn=978-0-7494-3365-9 }}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17673" sha1="7fo7xfsv1r9rkm1glrlzoy0snu0aanj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pareto principle.png|thumb|Pareto qonuniyati jamgʻarma yigʻishda ham qoʻllanishi mumkin, yaʼni donorlarning 20% umumiy summaning 80% hissasini taqdim etadi.]]

'''Pareto qonuniyati''' (shuningdek, 80:20 qoidasi, muhim kamchiliklar qonuni va omillar kamligi printsipi deb ham ataladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Box|first1=George E.P.|last2=Meyer|first2=R. Daniel|date=1986|title=Takrorlanmagan fraksion eksperimentlar tahlili|journal=Technometrics|volume=28|issue=1|pages=11–18|doi=10.1080/00401706.1986.10488093}}&lt;/ref&gt;) shuni bildiradiki, koʻplab natijalarda taxminan 80% oqibatlar 20% sabablar hisobiga kelib chiqadi&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/business/03juran.html|title=Joseph
 Juran, 103, sifat nazoratida pioner, vafot etdi|last1=Bunkley|first1=Nick|date=March 3, 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906182706/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/business/03juran.html|archive-date=September
 6, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1941-yilda boshqaruv maslahatchisi [[Joseph M. Juran]] ushbu tushunchani sifat nazorati va yaxshilash kontekstida ishlab chiqqan, bu gʻoyani u italyan sotsiologi va iqtisodchisi [[Pareto Vilfredo]]ning ishlarini o‘qib chiqqandan so‘ng ilgari surgan. Pareto 1906-yilda [[Lozanna universiteti]]da dars berayotganda 80:20 nisbatini yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pareto|first=Vilfredo|title=Cours d'Économie Politique (ikki jildda)|publisher=F. Rouge (Lausanne) &amp; F. Pichon (Parij)|date=1896–1897}} [https://archive.org/details/fp-0148-1
 1-jild] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130531151249/http://www.institutcoppet.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Cours-déconomie-politique-Tome-II-Vilfredo-Pareto.pdf
 2-jild]&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning birinchi asarida, &quot;''Cours d'économie politique''&quot;, Pareto taxminan 80% yerlarning [[Italiya Qirolligi]] aholining 20% ga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatgan. Pareto qonuni faqat tangensial ravishda [[Pareto samaradorligi]] tushunchasi bilan bog‘liq.

Matematik nuqtai nazardan, 80:20 qoidasi quvvat qonuni bilan bogʻliq. Koʻplab tabiiy hodisalarda ayrim xususiyatlar quvvat qonuni statistikasi boʻyicha taqsimlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0412/0412004v3.pdf|title=Quvvat
 qonunlari, Pareto taqsimoti va Zipf qonuni|journal=Contemporary Physics|volume=46|issue=5|pages=323–351|last=Newman|first=MEJ|access-date=April 10, 2011|bibcode=2005ConPh..46..323N|year=2005|arxiv=cond-mat/0412004|doi=10.1080/00107510500052444|s2cid=202719165}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Biznesni boshqarish]]ning bir maqoli shuki: &quot;80% savdo hajmi 20% mijozlar hisobiga keladi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Marshall|first=Perry|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229294|title=Savdoda
 80/20 qoidasi: eng yaxshi mijozlarni qanday topish|date=October 9, 2013|work=Entrepreneur|access-date=January 5, 2018|language=uz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarixi ==
1941-yilda ruminiyalik kelib chiqishga ega amerikalik muhandis [[Joseph M. Juran]] italiyalik polimat olim [[Pareto Vilfredo]]ning ishlariga duch keldi. Pareto Italiyadagi yerlarning taxminan 80 foizi aholining 20 foiziga tegishli ekanini qayd etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=''Translation of'' Manuale di economia politica (&quot;Siyosiy iqtisod qo‘llanmasi&quot;) |first1=Vilfredo|last1=Pareto|first2=Alfred N.|last2=Page|publisher=A.M. Kelley|year=1971|isbn=978-0-678-00881-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;.

Juran ushbu „muammolarning 80 foizi sabablarning 20 foizidan kelib chiqadi“ degan taxminni sifat menejmenti sohasiga qoʻllagan. Keyinchalik faoliyati davomida Juran bu gʻoyani „muhim ozchilik va foydali koʻpchilik“ deb atashni afzal koʻrgan, chunki u tamoyilni 80 foizlik qismning ahamiyatsiz deb talqin qilinishining oldini olishni istagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 12, 2019|title=Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule) &amp; Pareto Analysis Guide|url=https://www.juran.com/blog/a-guide-to-the-pareto-principle-80-20-rule-pareto-analysis/|access-date=February
 27, 2021|website=Juran|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Matematik izohi ==
Pareto prinsipi namoyon bo‘lishi shuni anglatadiki, jarayonlardagi o‘zgarishlarning katta qismi jarayon o‘zgaruvchilarining kichik qismi bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Bu holat kengroq [[Pareto taqsimoti]] fenomenining maxsus ko‘rinishidir.

Agar [[Pareto indeksi]] '''α''', ya’ni Pareto taqsimotini tavsiflovchi parametrlaridan biri, '''α''' = log&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;5 ≈ 1.16 deb tanlansa, unda natijalarning 80 foizi sabablarning 20 foizidan kelib chiqadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Dunford |first=R |title=The Pareto Principle |url=https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/14054/TPSS-2014-Vol7n1_140-148Dunford.pdf
 |journal=The Plymouth Student Scientist |year=2014 |access-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122121809/https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/14054/TPSS-2014-Vol7n1_140-148Dunford.pdf
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

80:20 atamasi faqat umumiy qonuniyatning qisqacha ifodasidir. Amaliy holatlarda taqsimot 90:10 yoki 70:30 ga yaqin bo‘lishi mumkin. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, bu ikki sonning yig‘indisi 100 bo‘lishi shart emas, chunki ular turli kattaliklarni ifodalaydi.

Pareto prinsipi &quot;daraja qonuni&quot; munosabatining misolidir. Bunday hodisalar o‘rmon yong‘inlari va zilzilalarda ham uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Bak |first=Per |title=How Nature Works: the science of self-organized criticality |page=89 |year=1999 |publisher=Springer |isbn=0-387-94791-4 |author-link=Per Bak}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Benoit Mandelbrot bu qonuniyatni iqtisodiyot va ijtimoiy fanlarda daromad dinamikasi orqali izohlagan. Uning fikricha, maʼlum minimal daromad chegarasidan yuqorida shaxs daromadining maʼlum foizga oshishi yoki kamayishi ehtimoli barcha daromad darajalarida bir xil boʻladi. Natijada, maʼlum daromad (x) oluvchilar sonining uning yarmi (x/2) daromad oluvchilarga nisbati x qiymatidan qatʼi nazar oʻzgarmaydi.

Bu xususiyat daraja qonuni taqsimotining asosiy belgisi boʻlib, u oʻz-oʻziga oʻxshashlik xususiyatiga ega. Shu sababli u [[normal taqsimot|normal (Gauss) taqsimot]]dan tubdan farq qiluvchi natijalarni beradi.

Kam uchraydigan, lekin juda katta (katastrofik) hodisalar ehtimoli daraja qonuni taqsimotida odatiy modellarga qaraganda ancha yuqori boʻladi. Shu sababli, aksiyadorlik bozori kabi jarayonlarni Gauss taqsimoti asosida modellashtirish koʻpincha notoʻgʻri natijalarga olib keladi va murakkab moliyaviy instrumentlar tez-tez muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Taleb |first=Nassim |title=The Black Swan |pages=229–252, 274–285 |year=2007 |author-link=Nassim Taleb |title-link=The Black Swan (Taleb book)}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== 80:20 qoidasida ''α'' ni chiqarish ===

Misol sifatida boylikning [[Pareto taqsimoti]]ni koʻrib chiqamiz. (1-tur) Pareto taqsimoti quyidagicha aniqlanadi:

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;p(x)= \begin{cases} \frac{\alpha, x_\mathrm{m}^\alpha}{x^{\alpha+1}} &amp; x \ge x_\mathrm{m}, \ 0 &amp; x &lt; x_\mathrm{m}. \end{cases} &lt;/math&gt;

bu yerda &lt;math&gt;x_m&lt;/math&gt; — masshtab parametri, &lt;math&gt;\alpha&lt;/math&gt; esa shakl parametri.
''x'' oʻzgaruvchisi boylikni (masalan, dollar) bildiradi, ''p(x)dx'' esa ''x'' va ''x+dx'' oraligʻida boylikka ega aholi ulushini ifodalaydi. Agar ''N'' umumiy aholi soni boʻlsa, ushbu oraliqdagi odamlar soni &lt;math&gt;N p(x) dx&lt;/math&gt; boʻladi va ular jami &lt;math&gt;N x,p(x) dx&lt;/math&gt; boylikka ega boʻladi.

&lt;math&gt;x_a&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_b&lt;/math&gt; oraligʻidagi boylikka ega aholi soni:

: &lt;math&gt;N\int_{x_a}^{x_b} p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

ular egalik qilayotgan umumiy boylik esa:

: &lt;math&gt;N \int_{x_a}^{x_b} x,p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

Jami boylik:

: &lt;math&gt;N \int_{x_m}^\infty x,p(x)dx&lt;/math&gt;

80% aholi (past daromadli qatlam) &lt;math&gt;x_m&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_o&lt;/math&gt; oraligʻida joylashgan boʻlsa:
: &lt;math&gt;\frac{N\int_{x_m}^{x_o} p(x)dx}{N\int_{x_m}^\infty p(x)dx} = 1-\left(\frac{x_m}{x_o}\right)^\alpha= 0.8&lt;/math&gt;

Agar ular boylikning 20% iga ega boʻlsa:

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{N\int_{x_m}^{x_o} x,p(x)dx}{N\int_{x_m}^\infty x,p(x)dx} = 1-\left(\frac{x_m}{x_o}\right)^{\alpha-1}= 0.2&lt;/math&gt;

Ushbu tenglamalarni yechish natijasida:

: &lt;math&gt;\alpha=\log_4(5)&lt;/math&gt; va &lt;math&gt;x_o=4, x_m&lt;/math&gt;

hosil boʻladi.

=== Gini koeffitsienti va Hoover indeksi ===

„''A'':''B''“ (masalan, 0.8:0.2) koʻrinishida va ''A'' + ''B'' = 1 boʻlganda, daromad tengsizligi koʻrsatkichlari — [[Jini indeksi]] (G) va [[Hoover indeksi]] (H) quyidagicha hisoblanadi:

: &lt;math&gt;H=G=|2A-1|=|1-2B|=\frac{1}{2\alpha-1} &lt;/math&gt;

80:20 holatda:

: &lt;math&gt;\mathrm{G}\approx 0.756&lt;/math&gt;

va:

: &lt;math&gt;A:B = \left( \frac{1+H} 2 \right): \left( \frac{1-H} 2 \right)&lt;/math&gt;

== Tahlili ==
[[File:Pareto analysis.svg|thumb|Qaysi sababni birinchi hal qilish kerakligini koʻrsatuvchi Pareto tahlili diagrammasi]]

Pareto tahlili — koʻplab mumkin boʻlgan harakat variantlari mavjud boʻlganda, ularning ichidan eng muhimlarini tanlashga yordam beradigan rasmiy usuldir. Aslida, muammoni hal qiluvchi shaxs har bir harakatdan olinadigan foydani baholaydi va umumiy foydani maksimal darajaga yaqinlashtiradigan eng samarali harakatlar toʻplamini tanlaydi.

Pareto tahlili muammolar sabablarini koʻrib chiqishda ijodiy yondashuv boʻlib, fikrlashni ragʻbatlantiradi va gʻoyalarni tartibga solishga yordam beradi. Biroq, u dastlab kichik boʻlib koʻringan, ammo vaqt oʻtishi bilan kattalashishi mumkin boʻlgan muhim muammolarni eʼtibordan chetda qoldirishi bilan cheklangan boʻlishi mumkin. Shu sababli uni boshqa tahlil usullari bilan birgalikda qoʻllash tavsiya etiladi, masalan nosozlik rejimi va taʼsiri tahlili (FMEA) va xatolik daraxti tahlili kabi{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}.

Ushbu usul muammolarning katta qismini hal qilish uchun eʼtibor qaratilishi kerak boʻlgan asosiy sabablarni aniqlashga yordam beradi. Asosiy sabablar aniqlangach, muammolarning ildiz sabablarini topish uchun [[Ishikava diagrammasi]] kabi vositalardan foydalanish mumkin. Pareto prinsipi koʻpincha „80:20 qoidasi“ deb ataladi, yaʼni barcha holatlarda sabablarning 20 foizi muammolarning 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradi degan faraz mavjud. Biroq bu nisbat faqat qulay umumlashtirish boʻlib, qatʼiy va oʻzgarmas tabiiy qonun hisoblanmaydi.

Risklarni boshqarishda Pareto tahlilidan foydalanish rahbariyatga loyihaga eng katta taʼsir koʻrsatadigan xavflarga eʼtibor qaratish imkonini beradi&lt;ref&gt;David Litten, [http://www.pmhut.com/project-risk-and-risk-management
 Project Risk and Risk Management], ''Retrieved May 16, 2010''&lt;/ref&gt;.

80:20 qoidasidan foydalangan holda muhim sabablarni aniqlash bosqichlari&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pareto Analysis|url=http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/pspareto.cfm|accessdate=January
 12, 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208180732/http://erc.msh.org/quality/pstools/pspareto.cfm|archivedate=February
 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;:

*Hodisalar chastotasini foizlarda ifodalash
*Sabablarni muhimlik darajasi bo‘yicha kamayish tartibida joylashtirish (eng muhim sabab birinchi)
*Jadvalga yig‘indi (kumulativ) foiz ustunini qo‘shish va ma’lumotlarni grafikda tasvirlash
*(1) Grafik chizish: ''x'' o‘qida sabablar, ''y'' o‘qida kumulativ foiz
*(2) Ustunli diagramma chizish: ''x'' o‘qida sabablar, ''y'' o‘qida foiz chastotasi
*''y'' o‘qidan 80% darajada gorizontal nuqtali chiziq chizish va uni egri chiziq bilan kesishguncha davom ettirish. So‘ng kesish nuqtasidan ''x'' o‘qiga vertikal nuqtali chiziq tushirish. Bu chiziq muhim sabablar (chap tomonda) va ikkinchi darajali sabablar (o‘ng tomonda)ni ajratadi
*Diagrammani sinchiklab tekshirib, muammolarning kamida 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradigan sabablar qamrab olinganiga ishonch hosil qilish

== Qo‘llanilishi ==
=== Iqtisodiyot ===

Vilfredo Pareto kuzatuvi aholi va boylikning taqsimlanishi bilan bog‘liq edi. Pareto Italiyada yerlarning taxminan 80 foizi aholining 20 foiziga tegishli ekanligini aniqlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;. Keyinchalik u boshqa davlatlarda ham tadqiqotlar o‘tkazib, shunga o‘xshash taqsimot mavjudligini aniqlagan{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}.

1992-yildagi United Nations Development Programme hisobotida ushbu effektni koʻrsatadigan diagramma berilgan boʻlib, unda dunyo aholisining eng boy 20 foizi umumiy daromadning 82,7 foizini olishi koʻrsatilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|author=United Nations Development Program|title=1992 Human Development Report|year=1992|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq davlatlar kesimida [[Jini indeksi]] boylik taqsimotining bu normadan sezilarli darajada farq qilishini koʻrsatadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Poverty, Growth, and Inequality over the Next 50 Years|first=Evan|last=Hillebrand|publisher=FAO, United Nations – Economic and Social Development Department|date=June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020065423/ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak968e/ak968e00.pdf|archive-date=October
 20, 2017|url-status=dead|url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/ak968e/ak968e00.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Jahon YaIM taqsimoti, 1989&lt;ref name=&quot;1992 Human Development Report, Chapter 3&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1992/chapters/|title=Human
 Development Report 1992, Chapter 3|access-date=July 8, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Aholi kvintili
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Daromad
|-
| Eng boy 20%
|82.70%
|-
|Ikkinchi 20%
|11.75%
|-
|Uchinchi 20%
|2.30%
|-
|To‘rtinchi 20%
|1.85%
|-
|Eng kambag‘al 20%
|1.40%
|}

Bu prinsip taqsimotning “dum” qismida ham amal qiladi. Victor Yakovenko va A. Christian Silva AQSh soliq ma’lumotlarini (1983–2001) tahlil qilib, aholining eng boy 1–3 foizi daromadlari ham Pareto qonuniyatiga mos kelishini aniqlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Yakovenko|first1=Victor M.|chapter=Two-class Structure of Income Distribution in the USA: Exponential Bulk and Power-law Tail|date=2005|title=Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I|pages=15–23|publisher=Springer Milan|last2=Silva|first2=A. Christian}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tyler Cowen va Daniel Gross Pareto printsipi eng iqtidorli 20% insonlar iqtisodiy oʻsishning asosiy qismini taʼminlashini tushuntirishda ham qoʻllanishi mumkinligini taʼkidlagan&lt;ref&gt;Paris Vous Aime Magazine, No 13, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;.

Savdo sohasida esa 20% mahsulotlar 80% foyda keltiradi degan qoida keng tarqalgan&lt;ref name=&quot;goldberg19840904&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Goldberg |first=Cheryl J. |date=September 4, 1984 |title=Milk, Butter, Cheese, and PCs |magazine=PC}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1988-yilda [[The New York Times]] koʻplab video ijarasi doʻkonlarida daromadning 80% atigi 20% videolardan kelishini qayd etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;kleinfield19880501&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=A Tight Squeeze at Video Stores|date=May 1, 1988|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Hisoblash (kompyuter fanlari) ===

Kompyuter fanlari sohasida Pareto qonuniyati optimallashtirish jarayonlarida qoʻllaniladi&lt;ref name=optimization&gt;{{citation|first1=M.|last1=Gen|first2=R.|last2=Cheng|title=Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Optimization|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Microsoft kompaniyasi shuni aniqladiki, eng koʻp uchraydigan xatolarning 20%ini tuzatish tizimdagi xatolarning 80%ini bartaraf etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=Microsoft's CEO: 80–20 Rule Applies To Bugs}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Lovell Artur bu holatni quyidagicha ifodalagan:
„kodning 20 foizi xatolarning 80 foizini keltirib chiqaradi; ularni top va tuzat“.

=== Mehnat xavfsizligi ===

Mehnatni muhofaza qilish va texnika xavfsizligi mutaxassislari Pareto printsipidan xavflarni ustuvorlashtirish uchun foydalanadilar. 20% xavf omillari 80% jarohatlarni keltirib chiqaradi deb qaraladi. Bu yondashuv resurslarni samarali taqsimlashga va eng muhim xavflarni birinchi boʻlib bartaraf etishga yordam beradi&lt;ref name=USCG001&gt;{{cite web|title=Introduction to Risk-based Decision-Making |url= http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg5211/docs/RBDM_Files/PDF/RBDM_Guidelines/Volume%202/Volume%202-Chapter%206.pdf |work=USCG Safety Program |publisher= United States Coast Guard |access-date= January 14, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==

* {{Citation |last=Bookstein |first=Abraham |year=1990 |title=Informetrik taqsimotlar, I qism: yagona umumiy ko‘rinish |journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=368–375 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199007)41:5&lt;368::AID-ASI8&gt;3.0.CO;2-C }}
* {{Citation |author1=Klass, O. S. |author2=Biham, O. |author3=Levy, M. |author4=Malcai, O. |author5=Soloman, S. |year=2006 |title=Forbes 400 va Pareto boylik taqsimoti |journal=Economics Letters |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=290–295 |doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2005.08.020 }}
* {{Citation |title=80/20 usulida yashash: kamroq ishlash, kamroq tashvishlanish, ko‘proq muvaffaqiyatga erishish va ko‘proq zavqlanish |last=Koch |first=R. |year=2004 |publisher=Nicholas Brealey Publishing |location=London |isbn=1-85788-331-4 }}
* {{Citation |last=Reed |first=W. J. |year=2001 |title=Pareto, Zipf va boshqa daraja qonunlari |journal=Economics Letters |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=15–19 |doi=10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00524-9 }}
* {{Citation |doi=10.1016/0094-1190(80)90043-1 |author1=Rosen, K. T. |author2=Resnick, M. |year=1980 |title=Shaharlar o‘lchamining taqsimoti: Pareto qonuni va ustunlikni tahlil qilish |journal=Journal of Urban Economics |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=165–186 |url= https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tt5c711}}
* {{citation |title=Logistika va taqsimot boshqaruvi qo‘llanmasi |last1=Rushton |first1=A. |last2=Oxley |first2=J. |last3=Croucher |first3=P. |year=2000 |edition=2nd |publisher=Kogan Page |location=London |isbn=978-0-7494-3365-9 }}


[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hoover indeksi</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Indekslar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="5909" sha1="r40vhrf1cwblfqty1hzissrnsu7p4m9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RobinHoodIndex.PNG|thumb]]

'''Hoover indeksi''', shuningdek '''Robin Gud indeksi''' yoki '''Schutz indeksi''' deb ham ataladi, bu daromad tengsizligi o‘lchovidir. U barcha daromadlarni tenglashtirish uchun umumiy aholi daromadining necha foizi qayta taqsimlanishi kerakligini ko‘rsatadi. Ya’ni, Hoover indeksi — bu odamlarning teng daromad ulushidan kam olgan qismi sababli yetishmayotgan umumiy daromad miqdori (milliy daromadga nisbatan foizda).

Hoover indeksini quyidagi ayirma orqali hisoblash mumkin:
teng ulushdan kam daromad olayotgan aholi foizi (ya’ni milliy o‘rtacha daromaddan past daromadga ega bo‘lganlar) minus ularning milliy daromaddagi ulushi.

Grafik jihatdan u [[Lorenz egri chizig'i|Lorenz egri chizigʻi]] bilan mukammal tenglikni ifodalovchi 45 darajali chiziq orasidagi eng katta vertikal masofa sifatida tasvirlanadi.

Hoover indeksini teng ulushdan kam daromad oluvchi shaxslar uchun o‘rtacha xarajat sifatida ham ifodalash mumkin:

Agar Hoover indeksi teng ulushdan kam daromad oluvchi aholi foiziga (ya’ni o‘rtacha daromaddan kam daromad oluvchilar ulushiga) bo‘linsa, u holda har bir shaxs uchun o‘rtacha “yo‘qotish” miqdori aniqlanadi. Bu qiymat milliy o‘rtacha daromadga nisbatan ifodalanadi.

Agar esa Hoover indeksi teng ulushdan kam daromad oluvchi guruhning milliy daromaddagi ulushiga bo‘linsa, bu ushbu guruh daromadlar tenglashtirilganda hozirgidan necha foiz ko‘proq daromad olishini ko‘rsatadi. Boshqacha aytganda, bu qiymat ularning hozirgi daromadlariga nisbatan “yo‘qotish” miqdorini bildiradi.

Bu qiymatni Hoover indeksini hisoblashda ishlatilgan ikkita sonni ayirish o‘rniga bo‘lish orqali ham olish mumkin: ya’ni, o‘rtacha daromaddan kam daromad oluvchi aholi foizini ularning milliy daromaddagi ulushiga bo‘lish
va natijadan 1 ni ayirish orqali.

Hoover indeksi odatda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tabaqa va sog‘liq bilan bog‘liq tadqiqotlarda qo‘llaniladi. U [[ekonometrika]] doirasida ishlatiladigan eng sodda tengsizlik ko‘rsatkichlaridan biri hisoblanadi.

Ko‘proq uchraydigan tengsizlik o‘lchovi esa [[Jini indeksi]] bo‘lib, u daromad bo‘yicha tartiblangan aholi ulushlari kesimida kumulativ daromad yig‘indisiga asoslanadi. Bu yig‘indi maksimal mumkin bo‘lgan qiymatga (to‘liq tenglik holatiga) bo‘linib foiz sifatida ifodalanadi va natijadan 1 ayirilib tengsizlik darajasi olinadi.

&quot;National Library of Medicine va National Institutes of Health&quot; hisobotiga ko‘ra, Robin Gud indeksi va Jini indeksi o‘rtasida o‘lim darajasi bilan bog‘liqlik o‘rganilgan:

&lt;blockquote&gt; Natijalar: Robin Gud indeksi yoshga moslashtirilgan umumiy o‘lim darajasi bilan ijobiy bog‘liqlikka ega (r = 0.54; P &lt; 0.05). Bu bog‘liqlik kambag‘allik hisobga olingandan keyin ham saqlanib qolgan (P &lt; 0.007), bunda indeksning har 1 foizlik oshishi 100,000 aholiga nisbatan o‘lim holatlarining 21.68 taga ortishi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan. Shuningdek, indeks chaqaloqlar o‘limi (P = 0.013), yurak ishemik kasalligi (P = 0.004), malign o‘smalar (P = 0.023) va qotillik (P &lt; 0.001) bilan ham bog‘liq ekanligi aniqlangan. Tibbiy aralashuv orqali oldini olish mumkin bo‘lgan o‘lim sabablari bilan ham kuchli bog‘liqlik kuzatilgan. Gini koeffitsienti esa o‘lim sabablari bilan juda kam bog‘liqlik ko‘rsatgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmid=8616345|year=1996|last1=Kennedy|first1=B. P.|last2=Kawachi|first2=I.|last3=Prothrow-Stith|first3=D.|title=Income distribution and mortality: Cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood index in the United States|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=312|issue=7037|pages=1004–1007|doi=10.1136/bmj.312.7037.1004|pmc=2350807}}&lt;/ref&gt;. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Jini koeffitsienti, xuddi Teil indeksi kabi, butun aholi bo‘yicha xolis tengsizlik o‘lchovidir. Bu foydali bo‘lishi mumkin, ammo Robin Gud indeksi undan farqli ravishda aholi ichida teng ulushdan kam daromad olayotganlar umumiy yetishmovchiligini alohida ko‘rsatadi.

== Hisoblanishi ==

&lt;math&gt;x_i&lt;/math&gt; — &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;-shaxsning daromadi, &lt;math&gt;\bar{x}&lt;/math&gt; esa o‘rtacha daromad bo‘lsin. Unda Hoover indeksi &lt;math&gt;H&lt;/math&gt; quyidagicha aniqlanadi:

&lt;math&gt; H = \frac{1}{2} \frac{\sum_i |x_i - \bar{x}|}{\sum_i x_i}. &lt;/math&gt;

Bu qiymatni kvantillar yordamida ham hisoblash mumkin. Formulada ishlatiladigan belgilash&lt;ref&gt;The notation using E and A follows the notation of a small calculation published by Lionnel Maugis: ''Inequality Measures in Mathematical Programming for the Air Traffic Flow Management Problem with En-Route Capacities'' (für IFORS 96), 1996 {{full|date=November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; shundayki, &lt;math&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; ta kvantil faqat yig‘indi chegarasi sifatida qatnashadi. Shu sababli turli kenglikdagi &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt; kvantillar uchun tengsizlikni hisoblash mumkin.

Masalan, &lt;math&gt;E_i&lt;/math&gt; — &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;-kvantilning umumiy daromadi, &lt;math&gt;A_i&lt;/math&gt; esa shu kvantildagi daromad oluvchilar soni (mutlaq yoki nisbiy) bo‘lishi mumkin. &lt;math&gt;E_\text{total}&lt;/math&gt; barcha &lt;math&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; kvantillarning jami daromadini, &lt;math&gt;A_\text{total}&lt;/math&gt; esa barcha kvantillardagi jami daromad oluvchilar sonini bildiradi.

Robin Gud (Hoover) indeksini &lt;math&gt;H&lt;/math&gt; hisoblash:

: &lt;math&gt;
H = {\frac{1}{2}} \sum_{i=1}^N \left| {\frac{{E}i}{{E}\text{total}}} - {\frac{{A}i}{{A}\text{total}}} \right|.
&lt;/math&gt;

Taqqoslash uchun&lt;ref&gt;For an explanation of the comparison with [[Henri Theil]]'s index see: Theil index&lt;/ref&gt;, simmetriklashtirilgan Teil indeksi &lt;math&gt;T_s&lt;/math&gt; hisoblash formulasi ham quyidagicha beriladi:

: &lt;math&gt;
T_s = {\frac{1}{2}} \sum_{i=1}^N \ln{\frac{{E}_i}{{A}_i}} \left({\frac{{E}i}{{E}\text{total}}} - {\frac{{A}i}{{A}\text{total}}} \right).
&lt;/math&gt;

Har ikkala formula ham elektron jadval hisoblashlarida qo‘llanilishi mumkin.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]
[[Turkum:Indekslar]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>201944</id>
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      <origin>5988776</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5865" sha1="31vg8bal4yvl3yn7w4ogbsn9pycqt2p" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RobinHoodIndex.PNG|thumb]]

'''Hoover indeksi''', shuningdek '''Robin Gud indeksi''' yoki '''Schutz indeksi''' deb ham ataladi, bu daromad tengsizligi oʻlchovidir. U barcha daromadlarni tenglashtirish uchun umumiy aholi daromadining necha foizi qayta taqsimlanishi kerakligini koʻrsatadi. Yaʼni, Hoover indeksi — bu odamlarning teng daromad ulushidan kam olgan qismi sababli yetishmayotgan umumiy daromad miqdori (milliy daromadga nisbatan foizda).

Hoover indeksini quyidagi ayirma orqali hisoblash mumkin:
teng ulushdan kam daromad olayotgan aholi foizi (yaʼni milliy oʻrtacha daromaddan past daromadga ega boʻlganlar) minus ularning milliy daromaddagi ulushi.

Grafik jihatdan u [[Lorenz egri chizig'i|Lorenz egri chizigʻi]] bilan mukammal tenglikni ifodalovchi 45 darajali chiziq orasidagi eng katta vertikal masofa sifatida tasvirlanadi.

Hoover indeksini teng ulushdan kam daromad oluvchi shaxslar uchun oʻrtacha xarajat sifatida ham ifodalash mumkin:

Agar Hoover indeksi teng ulushdan kam daromad oluvchi aholi foiziga (yaʼni oʻrtacha daromaddan kam daromad oluvchilar ulushiga) boʻlinsa, u holda har bir shaxs uchun oʻrtacha „yoʻqotish“ miqdori aniqlanadi. Bu qiymat milliy oʻrtacha daromadga nisbatan ifodalanadi.

Agar esa Hoover indeksi teng ulushdan kam daromad oluvchi guruhning milliy daromaddagi ulushiga boʻlinsa, bu ushbu guruh daromadlar tenglashtirilganda hozirgidan necha foiz koʻproq daromad olishini koʻrsatadi. Boshqacha aytganda, bu qiymat ularning hozirgi daromadlariga nisbatan „yoʻqotish“ miqdorini bildiradi.

Bu qiymatni Hoover indeksini hisoblashda ishlatilgan ikkita sonni ayirish oʻrniga boʻlish orqali ham olish mumkin: yaʼni, oʻrtacha daromaddan kam daromad oluvchi aholi foizini ularning milliy daromaddagi ulushiga boʻlish
va natijadan 1 ni ayirish orqali.

Hoover indeksi odatda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tabaqa va sogʻliq bilan bogʻliq tadqiqotlarda qoʻllaniladi. U [[ekonometrika]] doirasida ishlatiladigan eng sodda tengsizlik koʻrsatkichlaridan biri hisoblanadi.

Koʻproq uchraydigan tengsizlik oʻlchovi esa [[Jini indeksi]] boʻlib, u daromad boʻyicha tartiblangan aholi ulushlari kesimida kumulativ daromad yigʻindisiga asoslanadi. Bu yigʻindi maksimal mumkin boʻlgan qiymatga (toʻliq tenglik holatiga) boʻlinib foiz sifatida ifodalanadi va natijadan 1 ayirilib tengsizlik darajasi olinadi.

„National Library of Medicine va National Institutes of Health“ hisobotiga koʻra, Robin Gud indeksi va Jini indeksi oʻrtasida oʻlim darajasi bilan bogʻliqlik oʻrganilgan:

&lt;blockquote&gt; Natijalar: Robin Gud indeksi yoshga moslashtirilgan umumiy oʻlim darajasi bilan ijobiy bogʻliqlikka ega (r = 0.54; P &lt; 0.05). Bu bog‘liqlik kambag‘allik hisobga olingandan keyin ham saqlanib qolgan (P &lt; 0.007), bunda indeksning har 1 foizlik oshishi 100,000 aholiga nisbatan o‘lim holatlarining 21.68 taga ortishi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan. Shuningdek, indeks chaqaloqlar o‘limi (P = 0.013), yurak ishemik kasalligi (P = 0.004), malign o‘smalar (P = 0.023) va qotillik (P &lt; 0.001) bilan ham bog‘liq ekanligi aniqlangan. Tibbiy aralashuv orqali oldini olish mumkin bo‘lgan o‘lim sabablari bilan ham kuchli bog‘liqlik kuzatilgan. Gini koeffitsienti esa o‘lim sabablari bilan juda kam bog‘liqlik ko‘rsatgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|pmid=8616345|year=1996|last1=Kennedy|first1=B. P.|last2=Kawachi|first2=I.|last3=Prothrow-Stith|first3=D.|title=Income distribution and mortality: Cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood index in the United States|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=312|issue=7037|pages=1004–1007|doi=10.1136/bmj.312.7037.1004|pmc=2350807}}&lt;/ref&gt;. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Jini koeffitsienti, xuddi Teil indeksi kabi, butun aholi boʻyicha xolis tengsizlik oʻlchovidir. Bu foydali boʻlishi mumkin, ammo Robin Gud indeksi undan farqli ravishda aholi ichida teng ulushdan kam daromad olayotganlar umumiy yetishmovchiligini alohida koʻrsatadi.

== Hisoblanishi ==

&lt;math&gt;x_i&lt;/math&gt; — &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;-shaxsning daromadi, &lt;math&gt;\bar{x}&lt;/math&gt; esa oʻrtacha daromad boʻlsin. Unda Hoover indeksi &lt;math&gt;H&lt;/math&gt; quyidagicha aniqlanadi:

&lt;math&gt; H = \frac{1}{2} \frac{\sum_i |x_i - \bar{x}|}{\sum_i x_i}. &lt;/math&gt;

Bu qiymatni kvantillar yordamida ham hisoblash mumkin. Formulada ishlatiladigan belgilash&lt;ref&gt;The notation using E and A follows the notation of a small calculation published by Lionnel Maugis: ''Inequality Measures in Mathematical Programming for the Air Traffic Flow Management Problem with En-Route Capacities'' (für IFORS 96), 1996 {{full|date=November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; shundayki, &lt;math&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; ta kvantil faqat yigʻindi chegarasi sifatida qatnashadi. Shu sababli turli kenglikdagi &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt; kvantillar uchun tengsizlikni hisoblash mumkin.

Masalan, &lt;math&gt;E_i&lt;/math&gt; — &lt;math&gt;i&lt;/math&gt;-kvantilning umumiy daromadi, &lt;math&gt;A_i&lt;/math&gt; esa shu kvantildagi daromad oluvchilar soni (mutlaq yoki nisbiy) boʻlishi mumkin. &lt;math&gt;E_\text{total}&lt;/math&gt; barcha &lt;math&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; kvantillarning jami daromadini, &lt;math&gt;A_\text{total}&lt;/math&gt; esa barcha kvantillardagi jami daromad oluvchilar sonini bildiradi.

Robin Gud (Hoover) indeksini &lt;math&gt;H&lt;/math&gt; hisoblash:

: &lt;math&gt;
H = {\frac{1}{2}} \sum_{i=1}^N \left| {\frac{{E}i}{{E}\text{total}}} - {\frac{{A}i}{{A}\text{total}}} \right|.
&lt;/math&gt;

Taqqoslash uchun&lt;ref&gt;For an explanation of the comparison with [[Henri Theil]]'s index see: Theil index&lt;/ref&gt;, simmetriklashtirilgan Teil indeksi &lt;math&gt;T_s&lt;/math&gt; hisoblash formulasi ham quyidagicha beriladi:

: &lt;math&gt;
T_s = {\frac{1}{2}} \sum_{i=1}^N \ln{\frac{{E}_i}{{A}_i}} \left({\frac{{E}i}{{E}\text{total}}} - {\frac{{A}i}{{A}\text{total}}} \right).
&lt;/math&gt;

Har ikkala formula ham elektron jadval hisoblashlarida qoʻllanilishi mumkin.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]
[[Turkum:Indekslar]]</text>
      <sha1>31vg8bal4yvl3yn7w4ogbsn9pycqt2p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pareto samaradorligi</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3176" sha1="mtfg705lf7kq6ubk8rtlwe2xllng184" xml:space="preserve">'''Pareto yaxshilanishi''' — [[Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti|farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]da natijaning „har jihatdan yaxshiroq boʻlishi“ gʻoyasini ifadalaydi. Bir oʻzgarish Pareto yaxshilanishi deb ataladi, agar u jamiyatdagi hech boʻlmaganda bitta odamni ilgari boʻlgan holatidan yaxshiroq qilsa va boshqa hech kimni yomonlashtirmasa. Bir vaziyat Pareto samarali yoki Pareto optimal deb ataladi, agar barcha mumkin boʻlgan Pareto yaxshilanishlari allaqachon amalga oshirilgan boʻlsa; yaʼni, endi hech kimni yaxshilashning boshqa hech qanday yoʻli qolmagan boʻlsa, boshqa odamni yomonlashtirmasdan.

Ijtimoiy tanlov nazariyasida, shu tushuncha baʼzida yakdillik printsipi deb ataladi, u shuni aytadiki, agar jamiyatdagi ''hamma'' A ni B ga afzal koʻrsa, jamiyat ham A ni B ga qattiq boʻlmagan tarzda afzal koʻradi. [[Pareto frontier|Pareto chegarasi]] barcha Pareto-samarali vaziyatlaridan iborat.

''Taqsimlash'' samaradorligi kontekstidan tashqari, Pareto samaradorligi tushunchasi ''ishlab chiqarishda samaradorlik'' va ''ichki samaradorlikning yetarli boʻlmasligi'' kontekstida ham uchraydi: agar mahsulotlar toʻplami Pareto samarali boʻlsa, hech qanday ishlab chiqarish resurslarini qayta taqsimlash mumkin emas, shunda bir mahsulotning ishlab chiqarilishi oshiriladi, qolgan mahsulotlarning ishlab chiqarilishi esa oshishi yoki oʻzgarmasdan qoladi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=John D. Black |last1=Black |first1=J. D. |last2=Hashimzade |first2=N. |editor3-link=Gareth Myles |last3=Myles |first3=G. |title=A Dictionary of Economics |edition=5th |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyvYDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT459
 |page=459}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iqtisodiyotdan tashqari, Pareto samaradorligi tushunchasi [[muhandislik]] va [[biologiya]]da alternativalarni tanlashda ham qo‘llanadi. Har bir variant bir nechta mezonlar bo‘yicha baholanadi va so‘ngra boshqa hech bir variant ko‘rsatilgan variantni qat’iy ravishda ortda qoldira olmagan variantlar to‘plami aniqlanadi. Bu ko‘p maqsadli optimizatsiya (shuningdek, Pareto optimizatsiyasi) mavzusida bir o‘zgaruvchini yaxshilash boshqa o‘zgaruvchilarga zarar yetkazmasdan imkonsiz ekanligini bildiradi.

== Tarixi ==
Ushbu tushuncha [[Pareto Vilfredo ]] (1848–1923) nomi bilan ataladi, u italyalik [[muhandis]] va [[iqtisodchi]] bo‘lib, bu tushunchani iqtisodiy samaradorlik va daromad taqsimoti bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarida qo‘llagan.

Pareto dastlab bu tushunchaga „optimal“ soʻzini ishlatgan, lekin bu biroz noto‘g‘ri atama hisoblanadi: Pareto tushunchasi „samaradorlik“ g‘oyasi bilan ko‘proq mos keladi, chunki u yagona „eng yaxshi“ (optimal) natijani aniqlamaydi. Buning o‘rniga, u kamida bitta odam uchun optimal deb hisoblanishi mumkin bo‘lgan natijalar to‘plamini aniqlaydi&lt;ref name=&quot;Palgrave Macmillan&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lockwood |first1=B. |title=The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics |date=2008 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=London |isbn=978-1-349-95121-5 |edition=2nd}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gözel Nuralyýewa</title>
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      <text bytes="3804" sha1="so07ydseesvs6guej9c4uo3mcbdsqya" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1954|11|25}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Homaý, [[Boldumsaz etrapi]], [[Toshoʻgʻuz viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[siyosatchi]], [[jurnalist]], [[oʻqituvchi]]
 | mukofotlari          = [[Fayl:TM Med Watana bolan soygusi ucin rib.png|40px|Watana bolan soygusi ucin medali]] [[Fayl:TM Med Gayrat rib.png|40px|Gʻayrat medali]] [[Fayl:TM Med 20 years Independence rib.png|40px|Turkmaniston mustaqilligiga 20 yil yubiley medali]]
}}

'''Gözel Myradowna Nuralyýewa''' {{Talaffuz|Goʻzal Murodovna Nuraliyevna}}; [[1954-yil]] [[25-noyabr]], Homaý, [[Boldumsaz etrapi]], [[Toshoʻgʻuz viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkmanistonlik]] [[siyosatchi]] va [[jurnalist]].

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Gözel Nuralyýewa 1954-yil 25-noyabrda [[Toshoʻgʻuz viloyati]], Boldumsaz etrapidagi Homaý qishlogʻida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;[https://turkmenportal.com/blog/23326/gozel-nuralievoi--65let Gozel Nuralievoy — 65-let]&lt;/ref&gt;. Nuralyýewa [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Turkmaniston davlat universitetini]] rus tili va adabiyoti yoʻnalishi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://webkamerton.ru/2024/11/gozel-nuralieva-turkmenistan-ya-nauchilas-prosto-zhit-zhit-doveryaya-serdcu-ne-umu |sarlavha=Гозель НУРАЛИЕВА (Туркменистан): «Я научилась просто жить, жить, доверяя сердцу, не уму...» |arxivurl=https://webkamerton.ru/2024/11/gozel-nuralieva-turkmenistan-ya-nauchilas-prosto-zhit-zhit-doveryaya-serdcu-ne-umu |arxivsana=09.04.2026 |sana=25.11.2024 |qaralgan sana=09.04.2026 |muallif=Николай Головкин |ish=webkamerton.ru |til=ruscha}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mehnat faoliyatini 1977-yilda [[Dänew etrapi|Dänew etrapidagi]] 5-oʻrta maktabda [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchilikdan]] boshlagan. 1980—1990-yillarda Turkmaniston SSRdagi ommaviy axborot vositalarida turli lavozimlarda faoliyat yuritgan. 1981—1986-yillari „Tashauzskaya pravda“ gazetasida muxbir, boʻlim mudiri, 1986—1988-yillarda [[Sovet Ittifoqi Kommunistik partiyasi|SSSR Kommunistik partiyasi]] [[Toshoʻgʻuz]] shahar qoʻmitasi instruktori boʻlib ishlagan, 1988—1990-yillarda Leningrad Oliy partiya maktabi talabasi boʻlgan. 1990—1991-yillarda [[KPSS|Kommunistik partiya]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi sektorini boshqargan. 1991—1992-yillarda Davlat matbaa qoʻmitasida yetakchi mutaxassis boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1995-yilda Nuralyýewa [[Turkmaniston davlat teleradiokompaniyasi|Turkmaniston davlat teleradiokompaniyasiga]] ishga kirib, oʻsha yilning oxirida [[Neytralniy Turkmenistan|„Neytralniy Turkmenistan“]] milliy gazetasi muharriri oʻrinbosari, keyin esa bosh muharriri boʻlgan. 2003-yilda madaniyat va axborot vaziri etib tayinlangan, shu bilan birga [[Turkmaniston Vazirlar Mahkamasi|Ministrlar kabineti]] raisining oʻrinbosari boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Abazov2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book |year=2005 |author=Rafis Abazov |title=Historical Dictionary of Turkmenistan |publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=242– |isbn=978-0-8108-5362-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3KTqLaFkO8C&amp;pg=PA242}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2004-yil 11-avgustda sogʻligʻi tufayli ishdan boʻshatilgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Gözel Nuralyýewa „Vatanga boʻlgan muhabbati uchun“ medali (1996-yil), „Gʻayrat“ medali, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligiga 20 yil“ yubiley medali bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|3}}

[[Turkum:Toshoʻgʻuz viloyatida tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:SSSR jurnalistlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston ayol siyosatchilari]]</text>
      <sha1>so07ydseesvs6guej9c4uo3mcbdsqya</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Buyuk retsessiya</title>
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      <text bytes="10101" sha1="d6mznypstc1qv39wyghsz2dqirnin78" xml:space="preserve">{{Voqea bilgiqutisi
| map = GDP Real Growth in 2009.svg
| map_caption = 2009-yil uchun real YaIM o‘sish sur’atlarini ko‘rsatuvchi jahon xaritasi; jigarrang rangdagi mamlakatlar retsessiyada bo‘lgan.
| map_size = 460
| date = 2007-yil dekabr – 2009-yil iyun (taxminan 1 yil 7 oy)
| location = Butun dunyo bo‘ylab
| type = [[Retsessiya]]
| cause = ''(bahsli)'' {{Unbulleted list|AQSh uy-joy siyosati|ko‘chmas mulk pufaklari yorilishi|Cheklangan moliyaviy tartibga solish}}
| outcome = Ta’siri hududlarga qarab farq qilgan
}}

'''Buyuk retsessiya''' — bu 2007-yil oxiridan 2009-yil o‘rtalarigacha davom etgan, ayniqsa G‘arb dunyosi va unga yaqin mamlakatlarda kuchli sezilgan, butun dunyo iqtisodiyotlarida bozorlarning pasayishi davri bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;NBRE dates&quot;&gt;[https://www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-contractions &quot;US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions&quot;], United States NBER, or National Bureau of Economic Research, updated March 14, 2023. This government agency dates the Great Recession as starting in December 2007 and bottoming-out in June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu davr yaqindan bog‘liq bo‘lgan [[Jahon moliyaviy inqirozi|2008-yil moliyaviy inqiroz]]i bilan ustma-ust kelgan. [[Retsessiya]]ning miqyosi va boshlanish vaqti mamlakatlarga qarab farq qilgan&lt;ref name=DPAD121912&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/index.shtml |publisher=Development Policy and Analysis Division of the UN secretariat |access-date=December 19, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=UN011513&gt;{{cite book |title=World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-9211091663 |page=200 |author=United Nations |edition=1st |type=trade paperback |date=January 15, 2013 |quote=The global economy continues to struggle with post-crisis adjustments}}&lt;/ref&gt;. O‘sha paytda [[Xalqaro valyuta jamgʻarmasi]] (XVJ) uni [[Buyuk depressiya]]dan beri eng og‘ir iqtisodiy va moliyaviy inqiroz deb baholagan.

Buyuk retsessiya moliyaviy tizimda asta-sekin to‘plangan ko‘plab zaifliklar, shuningdek 2005-2012-yillarda AQShdagi uy-joy pufagi yorilishi bilan boshlangan bir qator qo‘zg‘atuvchi voqealar natijasida yuzaga kelgan. Uy-joy narxlari pasaygach va uy egalari ipoteka kreditlarini to‘lashni to‘xtata boshlagach, investitsiya banklari egalik qilgan ipoteka bilan ta’minlangan qimmatli qog‘ozlar qiymati 2007-2008-yillarda keskin tushib ketdi, bu esa bir nechta banklarning qulashi yoki 2008-yil sentabr oyida davlat tomonidan qutqarilishiga olib keldi. 2007-2008-yillardagi ushbu bosqich subprime ipoteka inqirozi deb atalgan.

Banklarning bizneslarga mablag‘ bera olmasligi va uy xo‘jaliklarining qarz olish va xarajat qilish o‘rniga qarzlarini kamaytirishga harakat qilishi Buyuk retsessiyaga olib keldi. Retsessiya AQShda rasman 2007-yil dekabrda boshlangan va 2009-yil iyungacha davom etgan, ya’ni jami 19 oy davom etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;BernankeFCIC1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/testimony/bernanke20100902a.htm |title=Causes of the Recent Financial and Economic Crisis |last=Bernanke |first=Ben |date=September 2, 2010 |access-date=February 15, 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nber.org&quot;&gt;[https://www.nber.org/cycles/ US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925210636/https://www.nber.org/cycles/ |date=September 25, 2008 }}, NBER, accessed August 9, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;. Boshqa ko‘plab retsessiyalar kabi, bu retsessiyaning boshlanishini aniq oldindan bashorat qila oladigan rasmiy nazariy yoki empirik model mavjud bo‘lmagan, faqat prognoz ehtimollari keskin oshgan ayrim signallar kuzatilgan bo‘lib, ular ham 50% dan ancha past bo‘lgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00181-019-01708-2 | doi=10.1007/s00181-019-01708-2 | title=Forecasting of recessions via dynamic probit for time series: Replication and extension of Kauppi and Saikkonen (2008) | date=2020 | last1=Park | first1=Byeong U. | last2=Simar | first2=Léopold | last3=Zelenyuk | first3=Valentin | journal=Empirical Economics | volume=58 | pages=379–392 | hdl=2078.1/216348 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Retsessiya butun dunyoda bir xil darajada sezilmagan; dunyoning aksariyat rivojlangan iqtisodiyotlari, ayniqsa Shimoliy Amerika, Janubiy Amerika va Yevropada, kuchli va uzoq davom etgan retsessiyaga duch kelgan bo‘lsa, nisbatan yangi rivojlanayotgan ko‘plab iqtisodiyotlar ancha kam zarar ko‘rgan. Xususan, [[Xitoy]], [[Economy of India|Hindiston]] va [[Indoneziya]] iqtisodiyotlari bu davrda sezilarli darajada o‘sishni davom ettirgan. Shuningdek, [[Okeaniya]] ham minimal ta’sirni boshdan kechirgan, bu qisman uning Osiyo bozorlariga yaqinligi bilan izohlanadi.

== Buyuk Depressiya bilan taqqoslashlar ==

2009-yil 17-aprelda XVJning o‘sha paytdagi rahbari [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]] ba’zi mamlakatlar turg‘unlikni oxir-oqibat depressiyaga aylantirishi mumkin bo‘lgan qayta aloqa mexanizmlarining oldini olish uchun to‘g‘ri siyosatlarni amalga oshirmaslik ehtimoli borligini aytdi. Global iqtisodiyotdagi erkin qulash pasaya boshlagan bo‘lishi mumkin, 2010-yilda tiklanish yuzaga keladi, ammo bu bugungi kunda to‘g‘ri siyosatlarning qabul qilinishiga hal qiluvchi darajada bog‘liq. XVJ Buyuk Depressiyadan farqli o‘laroq, ushbu retsessiya bozorlarning global integratsiyasi bilan sinxronlashtirilganligini ta’kidladi. Bunday sinxronlashtirilgan retsessiyalar odatdagi iqtisodiy pasayishlarga qaraganda uzoqroq davom etishi va sekinroq tiklanishga ega ekanligi tushuntirildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Ambrose |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/recession/5166956/IMF-warns-over-parallels-to-Great-Depression.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417185822/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/recession/5166956/IMF-warns-over-parallels-to-Great-Depression.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 17, 2009 |title=IMF warns over parallels to Great Depression |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=April 16, 2009 |access-date=January 21, 2010 |location=London }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XVJ Bosh Iqtisodchisi [[Olivier Blanchard]] uzoq vaqt davomida ishdan bo‘shatilgan ishchilarning foizi o‘nlab yillar davomida har bir pasayish bilan oshib borayotganini, ammo bu safar raqamlar keskin oshganini ta’kidladi. Uzoq muddatli ishsizlik xavotirli darajada yuqori: Qo‘shma Shtatlarda ishsizlarning yarmi olti oydan ortiq vaqt davomida ishsiz, bu biz Buyuk Depressiyadan beri ko‘rmagan narsamiz. XVJ shuningdek, G‘arb iqtisodiyotlaridagi o‘sib borayotgan tengsizlik va talabning pasayishi o‘rtasida bog‘liqlik mavjud bo‘lishi mumkinligini ta’kidladi. Boylik farqi oxirgi marta bunday buzuq ekstremallarga 1928-1929-yillarda yetgan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/8000561/IMF-fears-social-explosion-from-world-jobs-crisis.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915140526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/8000561/IMF-fears-social-explosion-from-world-jobs-crisis.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2010|title=IMF fears 'social explosion' from world jobs crisis|date=September 13, 2010|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|access-date=August 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Terminologiya==
&quot;Iqtisodiy retsessiya&quot; atamasining ikkita ta’rifi mavjud: biri umumiy ma’noda &quot;iqtisodiy faollik pasaygan davr&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Merriam-Webster_recession&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Merriam-Webster |title=headword 'recession' |work=Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary online |date=May 31, 2023 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/recession |postscript=. }}&lt;/ref&gt; va davom etayotgan qiyinchilikka ishora qiladi; ikkinchisi [[iqtisodiyot]]da qo‘llaniladigan texnik ta’rif bo‘lib, u operatsion jihatdan aniqlanadi, xususan, ketma-ket ikki yoki undan ortiq chorakda [[YaIM]] qisqarishi (salbiy YaIM o‘sish sur’ati) bilan biznes sikli]ning qisqarish bosqichi. Ikkinchisi odatda pul-kredit siyosatidagi keskin o‘zgarishlarga ta’sir ko‘rsatish uchun ishlatiladi.

Texnik ta’rifga ko‘ra, Qo‘shma Shtatlarda turg‘unlik 2009-yil iyun yoki iyul oylarida tugagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/SB50001424052970203983104575367471896032724 | title=It's Dippy to Fret About a Double-Dip Recession | first=Mark | last=Hulbert | author-link=Mark Hulbert | work=[[Barron's]] | date=July 15, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;V.I. Keilis-Borok et al., [http://www.jprr.org/index.php/jprr/article/view/106 Pattern of Macroeconomic Indicators Preceding the End of an American Economic Recession.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022254/http://www.jprr.org/index.php/jprr/article/view/106 |date=July 16, 2011 }}  Journal of Pattern Recognition Research, JPRR Vol. 3 (1) 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianwingfield/2010/09/20/the-end-of-the-great-recession-hardly/ |title=The End Of The Great Recession? Hardly |first=Brian |last=Wingfield |date=September 20, 2010 |work=Forbes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/09/20/briefing-markets-recession-over-stocks-rally.html |title=Street Rallies Around Official Recession End |first=Steve |last=Evans-Schaefer |date=September 20, 2010 |work=Forbes}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Jurnalist Robert Kuttner &quot;Buyuk Retsessiya&quot; noto‘g‘ri nom ekanligini ta’kidlagan. Kuttnerning so‘zlariga ko‘ra, &quot;retsessiyalar biznes siklining engil pasayishlari bo‘lib, ular o‘z-o‘zidan tuzatiladi yoki tez orada oddiy fiskal yoki monetar stimullar bilan davolanadi. Davom etayotgan deflyatsion tuzoq tufayli, ushbu o‘n yillikdagi turg‘un iqtisodiyotni Kichik Depressiya yoki Buyuk Deflyatsiya deb atash to‘g‘riroq bo‘ladi&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Kuttner, Robert. ''Debtors’ Prison: The Politics of Austerity Versus Possibility''. New York: Vintage Books, 2013, 40. {{ISBN?}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyat]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot va moliya]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988785</id>
      <parentid>5988784</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:56:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <origin>5988785</origin>
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      <text bytes="10042" sha1="r3onnt6hbpdjv9rt5nxfrpt2hvd4dm7" xml:space="preserve">{{Voqea bilgiqutisi
| map = GDP Real Growth in 2009.svg
| map_caption = 2009-yil uchun real YaIM o‘sish sur’atlarini ko‘rsatuvchi jahon xaritasi; jigarrang rangdagi mamlakatlar retsessiyada bo‘lgan.
| map_size = 460
| date = 2007-yil dekabr – 2009-yil iyun (taxminan 1 yil 7 oy)
| location = Butun dunyo bo‘ylab
| type = [[Retsessiya]]
| cause = ''(bahsli)'' {{Unbulleted list|AQSh uy-joy siyosati|ko‘chmas mulk pufaklari yorilishi|Cheklangan moliyaviy tartibga solish}}
| outcome = Taʼsiri hududlarga qarab farq qilgan
}}

'''Buyuk retsessiya''' — bu 2007-yil oxiridan 2009-yil oʻrtalarigacha davom etgan, ayniqsa Gʻarb dunyosi va unga yaqin mamlakatlarda kuchli sezilgan, butun dunyo iqtisodiyotlarida bozorlarning pasayishi davri boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;NBRE dates&quot;&gt;[https://www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-contractions „US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions“], United States NBER, or National Bureau of Economic Research, updated March 14, 2023. This government agency dates the Great Recession as starting in December 2007 and bottoming-out in June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu davr yaqindan bogʻliq boʻlgan [[Jahon moliyaviy inqirozi|2008-yil moliyaviy inqiroz]]i bilan ustma-ust kelgan. [[Retsessiya]]ning miqyosi va boshlanish vaqti mamlakatlarga qarab farq qilgan&lt;ref name=DPAD121912&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/index.shtml |publisher=Development Policy and Analysis Division of the UN secretariat |access-date=December 19, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=UN011513&gt;{{cite book |title=World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-9211091663 |page=200 |author=United Nations |edition=1st |type=trade paperback |date=January 15, 2013 |quote=The global economy continues to struggle with post-crisis adjustments}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻsha paytda [[Xalqaro valyuta jamgʻarmasi]] (XVJ) uni [[Buyuk depressiya]]dan beri eng ogʻir iqtisodiy va moliyaviy inqiroz deb baholagan.

Buyuk retsessiya moliyaviy tizimda asta-sekin toʻplangan koʻplab zaifliklar, shuningdek 2005-2012-yillarda AQShdagi uy-joy pufagi yorilishi bilan boshlangan bir qator qoʻzgʻatuvchi voqealar natijasida yuzaga kelgan. Uy-joy narxlari pasaygach va uy egalari ipoteka kreditlarini toʻlashni toʻxtata boshlagach, investitsiya banklari egalik qilgan ipoteka bilan taʼminlangan qimmatli qogʻozlar qiymati 2007-2008-yillarda keskin tushib ketdi, bu esa bir nechta banklarning qulashi yoki 2008-yil sentabr oyida davlat tomonidan qutqarilishiga olib keldi. 2007-2008-yillardagi ushbu bosqich subprime ipoteka inqirozi deb atalgan.

Banklarning bizneslarga mablagʻ bera olmasligi va uy xoʻjaliklarining qarz olish va xarajat qilish oʻrniga qarzlarini kamaytirishga harakat qilishi Buyuk retsessiyaga olib keldi. Retsessiya AQShda rasman 2007-yil dekabrda boshlangan va 2009-yil iyungacha davom etgan, yaʼni jami 19 oy davom etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;BernankeFCIC1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/testimony/bernanke20100902a.htm |title=Causes of the Recent Financial and Economic Crisis |last=Bernanke |first=Ben |date=September 2, 2010 |access-date=February 15, 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nber.org&quot;&gt;[https://www.nber.org/cycles/ US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925210636/https://www.nber.org/cycles/ |date=September 25, 2008 }}, NBER, accessed August 9, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;. Boshqa koʻplab retsessiyalar kabi, bu retsessiyaning boshlanishini aniq oldindan bashorat qila oladigan rasmiy nazariy yoki empirik model mavjud boʻlmagan, faqat prognoz ehtimollari keskin oshgan ayrim signallar kuzatilgan boʻlib, ular ham 50% dan ancha past boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00181-019-01708-2 | doi=10.1007/s00181-019-01708-2 | title=Forecasting of recessions via dynamic probit for time series: Replication and extension of Kauppi and Saikkonen (2008) | date=2020 | last1=Park | first1=Byeong U. | last2=Simar | first2=Léopold | last3=Zelenyuk | first3=Valentin | journal=Empirical Economics | volume=58 | pages=379–392 | hdl=2078.1/216348 | hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Retsessiya butun dunyoda bir xil darajada sezilmagan; dunyoning aksariyat rivojlangan iqtisodiyotlari, ayniqsa Shimoliy Amerika, Janubiy Amerika va Yevropada, kuchli va uzoq davom etgan retsessiyaga duch kelgan boʻlsa, nisbatan yangi rivojlanayotgan koʻplab iqtisodiyotlar ancha kam zarar koʻrgan. Xususan, [[Xitoy]], [[Economy of India|Hindiston]] va [[Indoneziya]] iqtisodiyotlari bu davrda sezilarli darajada oʻsishni davom ettirgan. Shuningdek, [[Okeaniya]] ham minimal taʼsirni boshdan kechirgan, bu qisman uning Osiyo bozorlariga yaqinligi bilan izohlanadi.

== Buyuk Depressiya bilan taqqoslashlar ==

2009-yil 17-aprelda XVJning oʻsha paytdagi rahbari [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]] baʼzi mamlakatlar turgʻunlikni oxir-oqibat depressiyaga aylantirishi mumkin boʻlgan qayta aloqa mexanizmlarining oldini olish uchun toʻgʻri siyosatlarni amalga oshirmaslik ehtimoli borligini aytdi. Global iqtisodiyotdagi erkin qulash pasaya boshlagan boʻlishi mumkin, 2010-yilda tiklanish yuzaga keladi, ammo bu bugungi kunda toʻgʻri siyosatlarning qabul qilinishiga hal qiluvchi darajada bogʻliq. XVJ Buyuk Depressiyadan farqli oʻlaroq, ushbu retsessiya bozorlarning global integratsiyasi bilan sinxronlashtirilganligini taʼkidladi. Bunday sinxronlashtirilgan retsessiyalar odatdagi iqtisodiy pasayishlarga qaraganda uzoqroq davom etishi va sekinroq tiklanishga ega ekanligi tushuntirildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Ambrose |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/recession/5166956/IMF-warns-over-parallels-to-Great-Depression.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417185822/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/recession/5166956/IMF-warns-over-parallels-to-Great-Depression.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 17, 2009 |title=IMF warns over parallels to Great Depression |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=April 16, 2009 |access-date=January 21, 2010 |location=London }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XVJ Bosh Iqtisodchisi [[Olivier Blanchard]] uzoq vaqt davomida ishdan boʻshatilgan ishchilarning foizi oʻnlab yillar davomida har bir pasayish bilan oshib borayotganini, ammo bu safar raqamlar keskin oshganini taʼkidladi. Uzoq muddatli ishsizlik xavotirli darajada yuqori: Qoʻshma Shtatlarda ishsizlarning yarmi olti oydan ortiq vaqt davomida ishsiz, bu biz Buyuk Depressiyadan beri koʻrmagan narsamiz. XVJ shuningdek, Gʻarb iqtisodiyotlaridagi oʻsib borayotgan tengsizlik va talabning pasayishi oʻrtasida bogʻliqlik mavjud boʻlishi mumkinligini taʼkidladi. Boylik farqi oxirgi marta bunday buzuq ekstremallarga 1928-1929-yillarda yetgan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/8000561/IMF-fears-social-explosion-from-world-jobs-crisis.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915140526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/8000561/IMF-fears-social-explosion-from-world-jobs-crisis.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2010|title=IMF fears 'social explosion' from world jobs crisis|date=September 13, 2010|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|access-date=August 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Terminologiya==
&quot;Iqtisodiy retsessiya&quot; atamasining ikkita taʼrifi mavjud: biri umumiy maʼnoda „iqtisodiy faollik pasaygan davr“&lt;ref name=&quot;Merriam-Webster_recession&quot;&gt;{{Citation |author=Merriam-Webster |title=headword 'recession' |work=Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary online |date=May 31, 2023 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/recession |postscript=. }}&lt;/ref&gt; va davom etayotgan qiyinchilikka ishora qiladi; ikkinchisi [[iqtisodiyot]]da qoʻllaniladigan texnik taʼrif boʻlib, u operatsion jihatdan aniqlanadi, xususan, ketma-ket ikki yoki undan ortiq chorakda [[YaIM]] qisqarishi (salbiy YaIM oʻsish sur’ati) bilan biznes sikli]ning qisqarish bosqichi. Ikkinchisi odatda pul-kredit siyosatidagi keskin oʻzgarishlarga taʼsir koʻrsatish uchun ishlatiladi.

Texnik taʼrifga koʻra, Qoʻshma Shtatlarda turgʻunlik 2009-yil iyun yoki iyul oylarida tugagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/SB50001424052970203983104575367471896032724 | title=It's Dippy to Fret About a Double-Dip Recession | first=Mark | last=Hulbert | author-link=Mark Hulbert | work=[[Barron's]] | date=July 15, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;V. I. Keilis-Borok et al., [http://www.jprr.org/index.php/jprr/article/view/106 Pattern of Macroeconomic Indicators Preceding the End of an American Economic Recession.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022254/http://www.jprr.org/index.php/jprr/article/view/106 |date=July 16, 2011 }} Journal of Pattern Recognition Research, JPRR Vol. 3 (1) 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianwingfield/2010/09/20/the-end-of-the-great-recession-hardly/ |title=The End Of The Great Recession? Hardly |first=Brian |last=Wingfield |date=September 20, 2010 |work=Forbes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/09/20/briefing-markets-recession-over-stocks-rally.html |title=Street Rallies Around Official Recession End |first=Steve |last=Evans-Schaefer |date=September 20, 2010 |work=Forbes}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Jurnalist Robert Kuttner „Buyuk Retsessiya“ notoʻgʻri nom ekanligini taʼkidlagan. Kuttnerning soʻzlariga koʻra, „retsessiyalar biznes siklining engil pasayishlari boʻlib, ular oʻz-oʻzidan tuzatiladi yoki tez orada oddiy fiskal yoki monetar stimullar bilan davolanadi. Davom etayotgan deflyatsion tuzoq tufayli, ushbu oʻn yillikdagi turgʻun iqtisodiyotni Kichik Depressiya yoki Buyuk Deflyatsiya deb atash toʻgʻriroq boʻladi“&lt;ref&gt;Kuttner, Robert. ''Debtors’ Prison: The Politics of Austerity Versus Possibility''. New York: Vintage Books, 2013, 40. {{ISBN?}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyat]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot va moliya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Wilson</title>
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      <text bytes="6871" sha1="6s9m4j40e4rch1pt4sq2a4n5ez38yv8" xml:space="preserve">'''James Wilson''' (1805-yil 3-iyun – 1860-yil 11-avgust) — shotlandiyalik biznesmen, iqtisodchi va Liberal siyosatchi bo‘lib, u ''[[The Economist|The Economist(Iqtisodchi)]]'' haftalik jurnaliga hamda Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China bankiga asos solgan; bu bank 1969-yilda Standard Bank bilan qo‘shilib, Standard Chartered bankini tashkil etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A Scotchman inside every man. (James Wilson, founder of The Economist)|date=11 September 1993|newspaper=The Economist}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''James Wilson'' by [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]] in [[Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford DNB]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ruth Dudley Edwards|author-link1=Ruth Dudley Edwards|title=The Pursuit of Reason: The Economist 1843–1993|date=1993|publisher=Harvard Business Press|location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0-87584-608-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPwlhXGwtEQC}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Michael Stenton, [[Who's Who (UK)|''Who's Who of British MPs'']] (Harvester, Sussex, 1976) {{ISBN|0-85527-219-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; U 1859-yil dekabridan 1860-yil avgustdagi vafotigacha Vitseroy Ijroiya Kengashining birinchi moliya a’zosi bo‘lgan. U 1857-yildagi &quot;[[Sepoy Mutiny]]&quot;dan keyingi tartibsizliklarni bartaraf etish uchun Hindistonga yuborilgan bo‘lib, u yerda Hindiston tarixidagi birinchi byudjetni taqdim etgan hamda davlat hisob-kitob tizimi, To‘lov idorasi, audit tizimi, shuningdek davlat qog‘oz pullari, Hindiston politsiyasi, Harbiy moliya komissiyasi va Fuqarolik moliya komissiyasiga mas’ul bo‘lgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sreekumar&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sreekumar|first=G.|date=2021-01-20|title=From Hawick to Hawick: The story of The Economist founder James Wilson|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/from-hawick-to-hawick-the-story-of-the-economist-founder-james-wilson-121012001578_1.html|access-date=2021-09-08}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Erta hayoti ==
Wilson Havik shahrida, Scottish Borders hududida tug‘ilgan. Uning otasi, Uilyam Wilson, shapka ishlab chiqarish korxonasiga ega bo‘lgan, ajdodlari esa mahalliy qo‘y boqish bilan shug‘ullangan. U o‘n besh farzandning to‘rtinchisi bo‘lib, ulardan o‘ntasi voyaga yetgan. Uning onasi Jeyms yoshligida vafot etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Bagehot|first=Walter|title=The collected works of Walter Bagehot|editor=Forrest Morgan |publisher=Routledge | volume = 4 | chapter = Memoir of Right Hon. James Wilson |isbn=978-0-415-13154-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intizomli va muvaffaqiyatli advokat 
bo‘lgan Wilson dastlab maktab o‘qituvchisi bo‘lishi kutilgan edi, biroq u bu kasbni shu qadar yoqtirmas ediki, “otamning tegirmonida eng oddiy xizmatkor bo‘lishni afzal ko‘rardim” degan. U advokat bo‘lish maqsadida huquqni o‘rganishni o‘ylab ko‘rgan, biroq bu uning oilaviy dinidan voz kechishini talab qilgan bo‘lardi. Shu sababli u biznesni o‘rganishga qaror qildi va o‘n olti yoshida shapka fabrikasida shogird bo‘lib ishlay boshladi. Keyinchalik otasi bu biznesni unga va uning akasi Uilyamga sotib olib berdi. Jeyms Wilson o‘n to‘qqiz yoshga kirganida, aka-ukalar Shotlandiyani tark etib, har biri [[Funt sterling|£]]2,000 mablag‘ bilan Londonga ko‘chib o‘tishdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation|title=Inflation
 and the 2% target|website=bankofengland.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==

=== Biznes ===
Aka-ukalar ishlab chiqarish fabrikasini — Wilson, Irwin &amp; Wilson kompaniyasini tashkil etdilar, ammo uni 1831-yilda yopdilar. Wilson ushbu sohada katta muvaffaqiyat bilan faoliyatini davom ettirdi (uning [[Sof qiymat]] 1837-yilda £25,000 bo‘lgan, {{Inflyatsiya|UK|25000|1837|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}). 1837-yildagi iqtisodiy inqiroz vaqtida [[indigo]] narxining tushib ketishi natijasida u boyligining katta qismini yo‘qotdi. 1839-yilga kelib u ko‘p mulklarini sotdi va bankrotlikdan qutuldi. 1853-yilda esa u Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China bankiga asos soldi, bu bank keyinchalik Standard Bank bilan qo‘shilib, 1969-yilda Standard Chartered Bankga aylandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sreekumar&quot;/&gt;

=== Jurnalistika ===
Wilson odatda Church of Englandga imtiyozlar berilishiga, 1853-yilda taklif qilingan Yashirin ballot (secret ballot) tizimiga va G'alla qonuniga qarshi edi. U ''G‘alla to‘g‘risidagi qonunlarning jamiyatning barcha sinflariga, xususan, yer egalari manfaatlariga ta’siri'' nomli [[broshyura]] yozdi. Bu asar asta-sekin ijobiy baho oldi va uning obro‘si oshdi. Keyinchalik u pul muomalasi haqida, ayniqsa ''The Revenue; or, What should the Chancellor do?'' asari orqali yozishni davom ettirdi. U gazetalar, jumladan ''Manchester Guardian'' uchun ham maqolalar yozdi. 1843-yilda u free tradeni targ‘ib qilish maqsadida ''[[The Economist]]'' gazetasiga asos soldi va 16 yil davomida bosh muharrir hamda yagona egasi bo‘lib ishladi. Uning asosiy maqsadi Vestminster parlamentidagi manfaatlar to‘qnashuvini bartaraf etish edi, chunki bunday holatlar ko‘pincha qashshoqlik va ochlikka olib kelgan, ayniqsa Corn Laws bunga yaqqol misol edi. Wilsonning 1848-yil aprel oyida Ten Hours Billga qarshi yozgan maqolasi&lt;ref&gt;''The Economist'' 15 April 1848&lt;/ref&gt; [[Karl Marx]] tomonidan tanqid qilingan, chunki u foyda va ish kuni tushunchalarini noto‘g‘ri talqin qilgan deb hisoblangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Capital Volume 1|last=Marx|first=Karl|publisher=Penguin|year=1976|location=London|pages=338}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Economist'' hozirgacha nashr etilmoqda va bugungi kunda uning haftalik tiraji dunyo bo‘ylab 1,6 milliondan oshadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.economistgroupmedia.com/planning-tools/circulation/|title=The
 Economist circulation statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103005923/http://www.economistgroupmedia.com/planning-tools/circulation/|archive-date=3
 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wilson o‘z davrining eng hurmatli statistiklaridan biri bo‘lgan va iqtisodiyotni ijtimoiy barqaror kelajakni ta’minlashga xizmat qiluvchi optimistik va ratsional vosita sifatida ko‘rgan; bu qarashlar [[Adam Smith]]ning Shotlandiya maktabi va Jean-Baptiste Say ning fransuz “Entrepreneur” maktabiga asoslangan edi.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

== Oila ==
Wilson 1832-yil yanvar oyida Newcastle-upon-Tynelik Elizabet Preston bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning olti qizi bo‘lgan, ulardan eng kattasi Eliza Walter Bagehotga turmushga chiqqan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1029|title=Walter&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Asarlari ==
*''[https://archive.org/details/influencesofcorn00wils
 Influences of the corn laws, as affecting all classes of the community, and particularly the landed interests]''
*[https://archive.org/details/fluctuationsofcu00wils
 Fluctuations of currency, commerce, and manufactures : referable to the corn laws]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988794</id>
      <parentid>5988783</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T18:22:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GhostUch1xa</username>
        <id>243420</id>
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      <text bytes="6860" sha1="l79out8yzh11fi4v1a2pw8axqtfdhby" xml:space="preserve">'''James Wilson''' (1805-yil 3-iyun – 1860-yil 11-avgust) — shotlandiyalik biznesmen, iqtisodchi va Liberal siyosatchi bo‘lib, u ''[[The Economist|The Economist(Iqtisodchi)]]'' haftalik jurnaliga hamda Hindistonning Charterred banki, Avstraliya va Xitoy bankiga asos solgan; bu bank 1969-yilda Standard Bank bilan qo‘shilib, Standard Chartered bankini tashkil etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A Scotchman inside every man. (James Wilson, founder of The Economist)|date=11 September 1993|newspaper=The Economist}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''James Wilson'' by [[Ruth Dudley Edwards]] in [[Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford DNB]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ruth Dudley Edwards|author-link1=Ruth Dudley Edwards|title=The Pursuit of Reason: The Economist 1843–1993|date=1993|publisher=Harvard Business Press|location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0-87584-608-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPwlhXGwtEQC}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Michael Stenton, [[Who's Who (UK)|''Who's Who of British MPs'']] (Harvester, Sussex, 1976) {{ISBN|0-85527-219-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; U 1859-yil dekabridan 1860-yil avgustdagi vafotigacha Vitseroy Ijroiya Kengashining birinchi moliya a’zosi bo‘lgan. U 1857-yildagi &quot;[[Sipohiylar isyoni(Sepoy Mutiny)]]&quot;dan keyingi tartibsizliklarni bartaraf etish uchun Hindistonga yuborilgan bo‘lib, u yerda Hindiston tarixidagi birinchi byudjetni taqdim etgan hamda davlat hisob-kitob tizimi, To‘lov idorasi, audit tizimi, shuningdek davlatning qog‘oz pullari, Hindiston politsiyasi, Harbiy moliya komissiyasi va Fuqarolik moliya komissiyasiga mas’ul bo‘lgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sreekumar&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sreekumar|first=G.|date=2021-01-20|title=From Hawick to Hawick: The story of The Economist founder James Wilson|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/from-hawick-to-hawick-the-story-of-the-economist-founder-james-wilson-121012001578_1.html|access-date=2021-09-08}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

== Erta hayoti ==
Wilson Havik shahrida, Scottish Borders hududida tug‘ilgan. Uning otasi, Uilyam Wilson, shapka ishlab chiqarish korxonasiga ega bo‘lgan, ajdodlari esa mahalliy qo‘y boqish bilan shug‘ullangan. U o‘n besh farzandning to‘rtinchisi bo‘lib, ulardan o‘ntasi voyaga yetgan. Uning onasi Jeyms yoshligida vafot etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Bagehot|first=Walter|title=The collected works of Walter Bagehot|editor=Forrest Morgan |publisher=Routledge | volume = 4 | chapter = Memoir of Right Hon. James Wilson |isbn=978-0-415-13154-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intizomli va muvaffaqiyatli advokat 
bo‘lgan Wilson dastlab maktab o‘qituvchisi bo‘lishi kutilgan edi, biroq u bu kasbni shu qadar yoqtirmas ediki, “otamning tegirmonida eng oddiy xizmatkor bo‘lishni afzal ko‘rardim” degan. U advokat bo‘lish maqsadida huquqni o‘rganishni o‘ylab ko‘rgan, biroq bu uning oilaviy dinidan voz kechishini talab qilgan bo‘lardi. Shu sababli u biznesni o‘rganishga qaror qildi va o‘n olti yoshida shapka fabrikasida shogird bo‘lib ishlay boshladi. Keyinchalik otasi bu biznesni unga va uning akasi Uilyamga sotib olib berdi. Jeyms Wilson o‘n to‘qqiz yoshga kirganida, aka-ukalar Shotlandiyani tark etib, har biri [[Funt sterling|£]]2,000 mablag‘ bilan Londonga ko‘chib o‘tishdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation|title=Inflation
 and the 2% target|website=bankofengland.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==

=== Biznes ===
Aka-ukalar ishlab chiqarish fabrikasini — &quot;Wilson, Irwin &amp; Wilson&quot; kompaniyasini tashkil etdilar, ammo uni 1831-yilda yopdilar. Wilson ushbu sohada katta muvaffaqiyat bilan faoliyatini davom ettirdi (uning [[Sof qiymat]] 1837-yilda £25,000 bo‘lgan, {{Inflyatsiya|UK|25000|1837|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}). 1837-yildagi iqtisodiy inqiroz vaqtida [[indigo]] narxining tushib ketishi natijasida u boyligining katta qismini yo‘qotdi. 1839-yilga kelib u ko‘p mulklarini sotdi va bankrotlikdan qutuldi. 1853-yilda esa u Hindistonning Chartered bankiga, Avstraliya va Xitoy bankiga asos soldi, bu bank keyinchalik Standard Bank bilan qo‘shilib, 1969-yilda Standard Chartered Bankga aylandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sreekumar&quot;/&gt;

=== Jurnalistika ===
Wilson 1853-yilda taklif qilingan Yashirin ballot (secret ballot) tizimiga va G'alla qonuniga qarshi edi. U ''G‘alla to‘g‘risidagi qonunlarning jamiyatning barcha sinflariga, xususan, yer egalari manfaatlariga ta’siri'' nomli [[broshyura]] yozdi. Bu asar asta-sekin ijobiy baho oldi va uning obro‘si oshdi. Keyinchalik u pul muomalasi haqida, ayniqsa ''The Revenue; or, What should the Chancellor do?'' asari orqali yozishni davom ettirdi. U gazetalar, jumladan ''Manchester Guardian'' uchun ham maqolalar yozdi. 1843-yilda u free tradeni targ‘ib qilish maqsadida ''[[The Economist]]'' gazetasiga asos soldi va 16 yil davomida bosh muharrir hamda yagona egasi bo‘lib ishladi. Uning asosiy maqsadi Vestminster parlamentidagi manfaatlar to‘qnashuvini bartaraf etish edi, chunki bunday holatlar ko‘pincha qashshoqlik va ochlikka olib kelgan, ayniqsa Corn Laws bunga yaqqol misol edi. Wilsonning 1848-yil aprel oyida Ten Hours Billga qarshi yozgan maqolasi&lt;ref&gt;''The Economist'' 15 April 1848&lt;/ref&gt; [[Karl Marx]] tomonidan tanqid qilingan, chunki u foyda va ish kuni tushunchalarini noto‘g‘ri talqin qilgan deb hisoblangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Capital Volume 1|last=Marx|first=Karl|publisher=Penguin|year=1976|location=London|pages=338}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Economist'' hozirgacha nashr etilmoqda va bugungi kunda uning haftalik tiraji dunyo bo‘ylab 1,6 milliondan oshadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.economistgroupmedia.com/planning-tools/circulation/|title=The
 Economist circulation statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103005923/http://www.economistgroupmedia.com/planning-tools/circulation/|archive-date=3
 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wilson o‘z davrining eng hurmatli statistiklaridan biri bo‘lgan va iqtisodiyotni ijtimoiy barqaror kelajakni ta’minlashga xizmat qiluvchi optimistik va ratsional vosita sifatida ko‘rgan; bu qarashlar [[Adam Smith]]ning Shotlandiya maktabi va Jean-Baptiste Say ning fransuz “Entrepreneur” maktabiga asoslangan edi.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

== Oila ==
Wilson 1832-yil yanvar oyida Newcastle-upon-Tynelik Elizabet Preston bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning olti qizi bo‘lgan, ulardan eng kattasi Eliza Walter Bagehotga turmushga chiqqan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1029|title=Walter&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Asarlari ==
*''[https://archive.org/details/influencesofcorn00wils
 Influences of the corn laws, as affecting all classes of the community, and particularly the landed interests]''
*[https://archive.org/details/fluctuationsofcu00wils
 Fluctuations of currency, commerce, and manufactures : referable to the corn laws]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Talab shoki</title>
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      <text bytes="3429" sha1="d3nus0dzt8d4snnsvfx8az75u6y2owm" xml:space="preserve">'''Talab shoki''' — [[iqtisodiyot]]da [[talab]]ning [[tovar]]lar yoki [[servis|xizmatlar]]ga nisbatan vaqtincha keskin oshishi yoki kamayishiga olib keladigan kutilmagan hodisani anglatadi.

Ijobiy talab shoki umumiy talabni (AD) oshiradi, salbiy talab shoki esa uni kamaytiradi. Har ikkala holatda ham tovar va xizmatlar [[narx]]lariga taʼsir koʻrsatiladi. Tovar yoki xizmatga boʻlgan talab oshganda, [[talab egri chizig‘i]] oʻngga siljishi sababli uning narxi (yoki narx darajasi) ortadi. Talab kamayganda esa, talab egri chizigʻi chapga siljishi natijasida narx pasayadi. Talab shoklari [[soliq stavkasi]], [[pul massasi]] va [[davlat xarajatlari]] kabi omillardagi oʻzgarishlar natijasida yuzaga kelishi mumkin. Masalan, soliq kamaytirilgandan soʻng soliq toʻlovchilar hukumatga kamroq [[pul]] toʻlaydi va natijada ularning shaxsiy xarajatlari uchun koʻproq mablagʻ qoladi. Ular bu mablagʻni tovar va xizmatlarni sotib olishga sarflaganlarida, ularning narxlari oshadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Demand Shock |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demandshock.asp |publisher=[[Investopedia]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2002-yil noyabr oyida [[United Kingdom|Buyuk Britaniya]]dagi noqulay iqtisodiy vaziyat fonida Angliya bankining oʻrinbosar gubernatori Mervyn King mamlakat ichki iqtisodiyoti yetarlicha muvozanatsiz ekanini va bu yaqin kelajakda „katta salbiy talab shoki“ xavfini keltirib chiqarishi mumkinligini ogohlantirgan. „London School of Economics“da u shunday degan: „Buyuk Britaniya iqtisodiyotining umumiy barqarorligi ortida bir tomondan faol isteʼmol va uy-joy sektori, boshqa tomondan esa zaif tashqi talab oʻrtasida sezilarli nomutanosiblik mavjud“&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/nov/20/housingmarket.houseprices | title=House boom, economic bust | first=Heather | last=Stewart | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=20 November 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Jahon moliyaviy inqirozi|2008-yilgi moliyaviy inqiroz]] va [[Buyuk retsessiya]] davrida AQSh iqtisodiyotida salbiy talab shoki bir necha omillar, jumladan uy-joy narxlarining pasayishi, subprime mortgage crisis|subprime ipoteka inqirozi va uy xoʻjaliklari boyligining kamayishi natijasida yuzaga kelgan boʻlib, bu isteʼmol xarajatlarining qisqarishiga olib kelgan. Ushbu salbiy talab shokiga qarshi kurashish uchun „Federal Reserve System“ [[foiz stavkasi|foiz stavkalari]]ni pasaytirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.dallasfed.org/-/media/documents/research/papers/2012/wp1202.pdf | title=HOW SHOULD MONETARY POLICY RESPOND TO CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE PRICE OF OIL? CONSIDERING SUPPLY AND DEMAND SHOCKS | first=MICHAEL | last=PLANTE | work=[[Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas]] | date=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Inqirozdan oldin jahon iqtisodiyoti ijobiy global [[taklif shoki]]ni boshdan kechirgan edi. Biroq, undan keyin darhol ijobiy global talab shoki yuzaga kelib, global iqtisodiyotning „qizib ketishi“ va inflyatsion bosimlarning oshishiga olib kelgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |url=https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-specter-of-global-stagflation-2008-06 | title=The Specter of Global Stagflation | work=[[Project Syndicate]] | last=Roubini | first=Nouriel | authorlink=Nouriel Roubini | date=June 13, 2008 | url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shuningdek qarang ==
* [[Shok]]
* [[Taklif shoki]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy nazariyalar]]</text>
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    <title>Taklif shoki</title>
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      <text bytes="3027" sha1="0o35f8f41s4q355e8djo1tszx82n3lm" xml:space="preserve">'''Taklif shoki''' — bu [[taklif]]ning [[tovar]] yoki [[servis|xizmatlar]]ga, yoki umuman tovar va xizmatlarga nisbatan keskin oshishi yoki kamayishiga olib keladigan hodisadir. Ushbu kutilmagan o‘zgarish tovar yoki xizmatning muvozanat narxiga yoki iqtisodiyotdagi umumiy narx darajasiga ta’sir qiladi.

Qisqa muddatda butun iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha salbiy taklif shoki [[yalpi taklif]] egri chizig‘ini chapga siljitadi, bu esa ishlab chiqarish hajmining kamayishiga va narx darajasining oshishiga olib keladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Robert 2012&quot;&gt;{{citation
 | author = Robert Hall, Marc Lieberman
 | pages = 849
 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ESVZoJb9gjgC&amp;q=positive+supply+shock&amp;pg=PA850 |title=Economics: Principles and Applications
 | year = 2012
 | publisher = Cengage Learning
| isbn = 978-1-111-82234-7
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Masalan, neft savdosiga embargo qo‘yilishi salbiy taklif shokiga sabab bo‘ladi, chunki neft turli xil mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishda muhim ishlab chiqarish omili hisoblanadi. Taklif shoki narxlarning oshishi va ishlab chiqarishning kamayishi kombinatsiyasi tufayli [[stagflyatsiya]]ga olib kelishi mumkin. [[1973-yilgi neft inqirozi]] ko‘pincha taklif shokining klassik misoli sifatida keltiriladi, bunda [[OPEC]] tomonidan neft ishlab chiqarish va sotish cheklovlari joriy etilishi rivojlangan mamlakatlarda yoqilg‘i tanqisligiga olib kelgan.

Qisqa muddatda butun iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha ijobiy taklif shoki umumiy taklif egri chizig‘ini o‘ngga siljitadi, bu esa ishlab chiqarish hajmini oshiradi va narx darajasini pasaytiradi&lt;ref name=&quot;Robert 2012&quot; /&gt;. Ijobiy taklif shokiga texnologik taraqqiyot misol bo‘lishi mumkin, chunki u ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshiradi va natijada ishlab chiqarish hajmini ko‘paytiradi.

== Tahlili ==
[[File:economics supply shock.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Salbiy taklif shoki. Dastlabki holat A nuqtada bo‘lib, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; hajmda ishlab chiqarish P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; narx darajasida amalga oshiriladi. Taklif shoki yuzaga kelganda, bu umumiy taklifga salbiy ta’sir qiladi: taklif egri chizig‘i chapga siljiydi (AS&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; dan AS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ga), talab egri chizig‘i esa o‘zgarmaydi. Taklif va talab egri chiziqlari kesishgan nuqta endi B nuqtaga ko‘chadi; ishlab chiqarish hajmi Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ga kamayadi, narx darajasi esa P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ga oshadi.]] 

Talab egri chizig‘ining qiyaligi narx darajasi va ishlab chiqarish hajmining shokka qanday javob berishini belgilaydi; talab qanchalik elastik bo‘lmasa (ya’ni egri chiziq qanchalik tik bo‘lsa), narx darajasiga ta’sir shunchalik katta, ishlab chiqarish hajmiga ta’sir esa shunchalik kichik bo‘ladi.
{{clear|left}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Shok]]
:* [[Talab shoki]]
* [[Makroiqtisodiyot]]
* [[Stagflyatsiya]]
* [[Talab va taklif]]

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
* Czech, Brian, ''Supply Shock: Economic Growth at the Crossroads and the Steady State Solution'', (Gabriola Island, Canada, 2013)

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3022" sha1="bzanz90k4mkn8czga3llt1e5xg3tzf4" xml:space="preserve">'''Taklif shoki''' — bu [[taklif]]ning [[tovar]] yoki [[servis|xizmatlar]]ga, yoki umuman tovar va xizmatlarga nisbatan keskin oshishi yoki kamayishiga olib keladigan hodisadir. Ushbu kutilmagan oʻzgarish tovar yoki xizmatning muvozanat narxiga yoki iqtisodiyotdagi umumiy narx darajasiga taʼsir qiladi.

Qisqa muddatda butun iqtisodiyot boʻyicha salbiy taklif shoki [[yalpi taklif]] egri chizigʻini chapga siljitadi, bu esa ishlab chiqarish hajmining kamayishiga va narx darajasining oshishiga olib keladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Robert 2012&quot;&gt;{{citation
 | author = Robert Hall, Marc Lieberman
 | pages = 849
 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ESVZoJb9gjgC&amp;q=positive+supply+shock&amp;pg=PA850 |title=Economics: Principles and Applications
 | year = 2012
 | publisher = Cengage Learning
| isbn = 978-1-111-82234-7
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Masalan, neft savdosiga embargo qo‘yilishi salbiy taklif shokiga sabab bo‘ladi, chunki neft turli xil mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishda muhim ishlab chiqarish omili hisoblanadi. Taklif shoki narxlarning oshishi va ishlab chiqarishning kamayishi kombinatsiyasi tufayli [[stagflyatsiya]]ga olib kelishi mumkin. [[1973-yilgi neft inqirozi]] ko‘pincha taklif shokining klassik misoli sifatida keltiriladi, bunda [[OPEC]] tomonidan neft ishlab chiqarish va sotish cheklovlari joriy etilishi rivojlangan mamlakatlarda yoqilg‘i tanqisligiga olib kelgan.

Qisqa muddatda butun iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha ijobiy taklif shoki umumiy taklif egri chizig‘ini o‘ngga siljitadi, bu esa ishlab chiqarish hajmini oshiradi va narx darajasini pasaytiradi&lt;ref name=&quot;Robert 2012&quot; /&gt;. Ijobiy taklif shokiga texnologik taraqqiyot misol bo‘lishi mumkin, chunki u ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshiradi va natijada ishlab chiqarish hajmini ko‘paytiradi.

==Tahlili==
[[File:economics supply shock.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Salbiy taklif shoki. Dastlabki holat A nuqtada bo‘lib, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; hajmda ishlab chiqarish P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; narx darajasida amalga oshiriladi. Taklif shoki yuzaga kelganda, bu umumiy taklifga salbiy ta’sir qiladi: taklif egri chizig‘i chapga siljiydi (AS&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; dan AS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ga), talab egri chizig‘i esa o‘zgarmaydi. Taklif va talab egri chiziqlari kesishgan nuqta endi B nuqtaga ko‘chadi; ishlab chiqarish hajmi Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ga kamayadi, narx darajasi esa P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ga oshadi.]] 

Talab egri chizig‘ining qiyaligi narx darajasi va ishlab chiqarish hajmining shokka qanday javob berishini belgilaydi; talab qanchalik elastik bo‘lmasa (ya’ni egri chiziq qanchalik tik bo‘lsa), narx darajasiga ta’sir shunchalik katta, ishlab chiqarish hajmiga ta’sir esa shunchalik kichik bo‘ladi.
{{clear|left}}

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Shok]]
:* [[Talab shoki]]
* [[Makroiqtisodiyot]]
* [[Stagflyatsiya]]
* [[Talab va taklif]]

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}

== Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ==
* Czech, Brian, ''Supply Shock: Economic Growth at the Crossroads and the Steady State Solution'', (Gabriola Island, Canada, 2013)

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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    <title>Gustave de Molinari</title>
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      <text bytes="5989" sha1="lcun85ocextjfmfjld1vxiw95uw9jio" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi  = Gustave de Molinari
| rasmi = Gustave de Molinari.jpg
| sarlavha = Gustave de Molinari
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = 1819-yil 3-mart
| tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[Liège]], [[Niderlandiya qirolligi]]
| vafot_sanasi     = {{death date and age|df=yes|1912|1|28|1819|3|3}}
| vafot_joyi       = Adinkerke, [[Belgiya]]
}}
'''Gustave de Molinari''' (1819-yil 3-mart — 1912-yil 28-yanvar) belgiyalik [[iqtisodchi]] va „Fransuz liberal maktabi“ nazariyotchisi edi.

== Hayoti ==
Molinari [[Liège]], Walloniada tugʻilgan. Molinarining davlatni tanqidi baʼzan shunday holatga olib kelganki, u aslida oʻz fikrlariga mos keladigan ayrim voqea va gʻoyalarga ham qarshi chiqqan. Bunga misol sifatida [[AQShda fuqarolar urushi]] keltiriladi. Molinari uni asosan [[qullik]] masalasidan koʻra Shimoliy sanoatchilar savdo manfaatlari bilan bogʻliq deb hisoblagan, garchi u [[abolitsionizm]] ham bu jarayonning bir qismi boʻlganini inkor etmagan boʻlsa-da&lt;ref name=Mises/&gt;. Ralph Raiconing taʼkidlashicha, Molinari 1912-yilda vafotidan bir yil oldin chop etilgan soʻnggi asarida ham bu fikridan qaytmagan va shunday yozgan:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Amerika fuqarolar urushi faqat qullarni ozod qilishga qaratilgan insonparvarlik yurishi emas edi. Urush „yengilgan hududlarni vayron qildi“, ammo iplarni tortib turgan Shimoliy plutokratlar oʻz maqsadlariga erishdilar: yovuz proteksionizmni joriy etdilar, bu esa oxir-oqibat „trestlar tizimi va milliarderlarni keltirib chiqardi“&lt;ref name=Mises&gt;[[Ralph Raico|Raico, Ralph]] (29 March 2011) [https://mises.org/daily/5088/Neither-the-Wars-Nor-the-Leaders-Were-Great „Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great“]. [[Mises Institute]].&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Molinari oʻzining liberal qarashlarini evolyutsion tushunchalar orqali asoslab, „iqtisodiy davlat“ toʻliq ''laissez-faire'' holatiga erishishini taʼkidlagan. U buni jamiyat evolyutsiyasining yakuniy bosqichi deb hisoblagan va bu jarayon raqobatlashuvchi tijorat subyektlari oʻrtasidagi [[yashash uchun kurash]] natijasida yuzaga keladi deb bilgan. Uning fikricha, urush dastlabki ijtimoiy tizimlarning harakatlantiruvchi kuchi boʻlib, ixtirolarni ragʻbatlantirgan. Biroq sanoat rivojlangach, urushlar foydadan koʻra zararli boʻlib qolgan va ularning oʻrnini iqtisodiy raqobat egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=W. H. |date=1899 |title=Review of Grandeur et décadence de la guerre |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1009178 |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume=13 |pages=96–97 |doi=10.1177/000271629901300311 |jstor=1009178 |issn=0002-7162}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Molinari bu holatni yaxshiroq deb hisoblagan, chunki u jamiyatning barcha qatlamlariga taalluqli edi. Uning fikricha, kamroq moslashganlar raqobat orqali yoʻqolib boradi va natijada butun jamiyat vaqt oʻtishi bilan yuksaladi. U bunday raqobat hech qachon tugamaydi, balki abadiy davom etadi deb hisoblagan. Shu sababli Molinari [[monarxiya]] va [[sotsializm]]ga qarshi chiqqan, chunki ular ushbu jarayonga zarar yetkazadi. Boylik ortishi bilan birga katta qashshoqlik ham yuzaga kelganini tan olgan holda, u bu muammo iqtisodiy taraqqiyot bilan birga sodir boʻladigan axloqiy evolyutsiya orqali bartaraf etiladi deb hisoblagan&lt;ref&gt;''Social Darwinism in European and American Thought'', Mike Hawkins, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 131–32&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Taʼsiri ==
Baʼzi anarxo-kapitalistlar Molinarini anarxo-kapitalizmning ilk tarafdori deb hisoblaydi&lt;ref name=Mises/&gt;. 1977-yilda ingliz tiliga [[Murray Rothbard]] tomonidan tarjima qilingan „''The Production of Security''“ asariga yozilgan kirish soʻzida bu „insoniyat tarixida hozirda anarxo-kapitalizm deb ataladigan gʻoyaning birinchi bayoni“ sifatida taʼriflanadi, garchi „Molinari bu terminologiyani ishlatmagan va ehtimol bu nomni qabul qilmagan boʻlar edi“&lt;ref&gt;Molinari, Gustave; Ebeling, Richard M., ed. (1977). [https://mises.org/library/production-security-0 ''The Production of Security'']. „Preface“. Translated by McCulloch, J. Huston. ''Occasional Papers Series'' (2). New York: The Center for Libertarian Studies.&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Avstriya maktabi]] iqtisodchisi Hans-Hermann Hoppe esa 1849-yildagi „''The Production of Security''“ maqolasi ehtimol zamonaviy anarxo-kapitalizm nazariyasiga eng muhim hissa&quot; ekanini taʼkidlagan&lt;ref&gt;[[Hans-Hermann Hoppe|Hoppe, Hans-Hermann]] (31 December 2001). [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html „Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography“].&lt;/ref&gt;. Ilgari Molinari individualistik anarxist Benjamin Tucker va ''Liberty'' doirasining ayrim siyosiy qarashlariga ham taʼsir koʻrsatgan&lt;ref&gt;Hart, David (1981). [https://mises.org/journals/jls/5_4/5_4_4.pdf „Gustave De Molinari And The Anti-Statist Liberal Tradition“] (PDF).&lt;/ref&gt;. Faylasuf Roderick T. Long tomonidan boshqariladigan Molinari instituti uning nomi bilan atalgan boʻlib, u Molinarini „bozor anarxizmi nazariyasining asoschisi“ deb ataydi&lt;ref&gt;[http://praxeology.net/molinari.htm „Molinari Institute“]. Molinari Institute. „The Institute takes its name from Gustave de Molinari (1819–1912), originator of the theory of Market Anarchism“.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar ==
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Hart|first=David|editor-first=Ronald|editor-last=Hamowy|editor-link=Ronald Hamowy|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism|title=Molinari, Gustave de (1819–1912)|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/libertarianism/n206.xml|year=2008|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|Sage]]; [[Cato Institute]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n206|isbn=978-1412965804|oclc=750831024|lccn=2008009151|pages=336–337|url-access=subscription}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://praxeology.net/molinari.htm Molinari Institute]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname= Gustave de Molinari}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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        <id>201944</id>
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      <text bytes="5975" sha1="k0j8c3ru6ftpkajmrwm3bfduhpaji8q" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi  = Gustave de Molinari
| rasmi = Gustave de Molinari.jpg
| sarlavha = Gustave de Molinari
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = 1819-yil 3-mart
| tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[Liège]], [[Niderlandiya qirolligi]]
| vafot_sanasi     = {{death date and age|df=yes|1912|1|28|1819|3|3}}
| vafot_joyi       = Adinkerke, [[Belgiya]]
}}
'''Gustave de Molinari''' (1819-yil 3-mart — 1912-yil 28-yanvar) belgiyalik [[iqtisodchi]] va „Fransuz liberal maktabi“ nazariyotchisi edi.

== Hayoti ==
Molinari [[Liège]], Walloniada tugʻilgan. Molinarining davlatni tanqidi baʼzan shunday holatga olib kelganki, u aslida oʻz fikrlariga mos keladigan ayrim voqea va gʻoyalarga ham qarshi chiqqan. Bunga misol sifatida [[AQShda fuqarolar urushi]] keltiriladi. Molinari uni asosan [[qullik]] masalasidan koʻra Shimoliy sanoatchilar savdo manfaatlari bilan bogʻliq deb hisoblagan, garchi u [[abolitsionizm]] ham bu jarayonning bir qismi boʻlganini inkor etmagan boʻlsa-da&lt;ref name=Mises/&gt;. Ralph Raiconing taʼkidlashicha, Molinari 1912-yilda vafotidan bir yil oldin chop etilgan soʻnggi asarida ham bu fikridan qaytmagan va shunday yozgan:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Amerika fuqarolar urushi faqat qullarni ozod qilishga qaratilgan insonparvarlik yurishi emas edi. Urush „yengilgan hududlarni vayron qildi“, ammo iplarni tortib turgan Shimoliy plutokratlar oʻz maqsadlariga erishdilar: yovuz proteksionizmni joriy etdilar, bu esa oxir-oqibat „trestlar tizimi va milliarderlarni keltirib chiqardi“&lt;ref name=Mises&gt;[[Ralph Raico|Raico, Ralph]] (29 March 2011) [https://mises.org/daily/5088/Neither-the-Wars-Nor-the-Leaders-Were-Great „Neither the Wars Nor the Leaders Were Great“]. [[Mises Institute]].&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Molinari oʻzining liberal qarashlarini evolyutsion tushunchalar orqali asoslab, „iqtisodiy davlat“ toʻliq ''laissez-faire'' holatiga erishishini taʼkidlagan. U buni jamiyat evolyutsiyasining yakuniy bosqichi deb hisoblagan va bu jarayon raqobatlashuvchi tijorat subyektlari oʻrtasidagi [[yashash uchun kurash]] natijasida yuzaga keladi deb bilgan. Uning fikricha, urush dastlabki ijtimoiy tizimlarning harakatlantiruvchi kuchi boʻlib, ixtirolarni ragʻbatlantirgan. Biroq sanoat rivojlangach, urushlar foydadan koʻra zararli boʻlib qolgan va ularning oʻrnini iqtisodiy raqobat egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=W. H. |date=1899 |title=Review of Grandeur et décadence de la guerre |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1009178 |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume=13 |pages=96–97 |doi=10.1177/000271629901300311 |jstor=1009178 |issn=0002-7162}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Molinari bu holatni yaxshiroq deb hisoblagan, chunki u jamiyatning barcha qatlamlariga taalluqli edi. Uning fikricha, kamroq moslashganlar raqobat orqali yoʻqolib boradi va natijada butun jamiyat vaqt oʻtishi bilan yuksaladi. U bunday raqobat hech qachon tugamaydi, balki abadiy davom etadi deb hisoblagan. Shu sababli Molinari [[monarxiya]] va [[sotsializm]]ga qarshi chiqqan, chunki ular ushbu jarayonga zarar yetkazadi. Boylik ortishi bilan birga katta qashshoqlik ham yuzaga kelganini tan olgan holda, u bu muammo iqtisodiy taraqqiyot bilan birga sodir boʻladigan axloqiy evolyutsiya orqali bartaraf etiladi deb hisoblagan&lt;ref&gt;''Social Darwinism in European and American Thought'', Mike Hawkins, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 131–32&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Taʼsiri ==
Baʼzi anarxo-kapitalistlar Molinarini anarxo-kapitalizmning ilk tarafdori deb hisoblaydi&lt;ref name=Mises/&gt;. 1977-yilda ingliz tiliga [[Murray Rothbard]] tomonidan tarjima qilingan „''The Production of Security''“ asariga yozilgan kirish soʻzida bu „insoniyat tarixida hozirda anarxo-kapitalizm deb ataladigan gʻoyaning birinchi bayoni“ sifatida taʼriflanadi, garchi „Molinari bu terminologiyani ishlatmagan va ehtimol bu nomni qabul qilmagan boʻlar edi“&lt;ref&gt;Molinari, Gustave; Ebeling, Richard M., ed. (1977). [https://mises.org/library/production-security-0 ''The Production of Security'']. „Preface“. Translated by McCulloch, J. Huston. ''Occasional Papers Series'' (2). New York: The Center for Libertarian Studies.&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Avstriya maktabi]] iqtisodchisi Hans-Hermann Hoppe esa 1849-yildagi „''The Production of Security''“ maqolasi ehtimol zamonaviy anarxo-kapitalizm nazariyasiga eng muhim hissa&quot; ekanini taʼkidlagan&lt;ref&gt;[[Hans-Hermann Hoppe|Hoppe, Hans-Hermann]] (31 December 2001). [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html „Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography“].&lt;/ref&gt;. Ilgari Molinari individualistik anarxist Benjamin Tucker va ''Liberty'' doirasining ayrim siyosiy qarashlariga ham taʼsir koʻrsatgan&lt;ref&gt;Hart, David (1981). [https://mises.org/journals/jls/5_4/5_4_4.pdf „Gustave De Molinari And The Anti-Statist Liberal Tradition“] (PDF).&lt;/ref&gt;. Faylasuf Roderick T. Long tomonidan boshqariladigan Molinari instituti uning nomi bilan atalgan boʻlib, u Molinarini „bozor anarxizmi nazariyasining asoschisi“ deb ataydi&lt;ref&gt;[http://praxeology.net/molinari.htm „Molinari Institute“]. Molinari Institute. „The Institute takes its name from Gustave de Molinari (1819–1912), originator of the theory of Market Anarchism“.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar ==
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Hart|first=David|editor-first=Ronald|editor-last=Hamowy|editor-link=Ronald Hamowy|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism|title=Molinari, Gustave de (1819–1912)|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/libertarianism/n206.xml|year=2008|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|Sage]]; [[Cato Institute]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n206|isbn=978-1412965804|oclc=750831024|lccn=2008009151|pages=336–337|url-access=subscription}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://praxeology.net/molinari.htm Molinari Institute]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname= Gustave de Molinari}}

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    <title>Paul Romer</title>
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      <text bytes="5514" sha1="6hdqcq1hh5qxri61qj5jq63fhi3z5r4" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
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| tasvir = Paul Romer in 2005.jpg
| izoh = Romer 2005-yilda
| lavozim                  = [[Jahon banki bosh iqtisodchisi]]
| prezident = [[Jim Yong Kim]]
| boshlanish davri = 2016-yil oktabr
| tugash davri     = 2018-yil 24-yanvar
| tavallud_paytidagi_ismi  = Paul Michael Romer
| tavallud_sanasi          = {{birth date and age|1955|11|6}}
| tavallud_joyi           = [[Denver]], Kolorado, AQSh
| death_date          =
| death_place         =
| education           = Phillips Exeter Academy [[Chikago universiteti]] {{small|([[Bakalavr|BS]], [[Falsafa doktori|PhD]])}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queenʼs University]]
| awards              = [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] {{small|(2018)}}
| website             = {{URL|paulromer.net|Rasmiy veb-sayt}}
}}

'''Paul Michael Romer''' (1955-yil 7-noyabrda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik iqtisodchi va [[tadbirkor]] boʻlib, [[Boston kolleji]]da moliya boʻyicha professori hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Romer|url=https://paulromer.net/about/|access-date=June 22, 2021|website=paulromer.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Romer [[Jahon bankining bosh iqtisodchisi]] sifatidagi faoliyati hamda endogen oʻsish nazariyasi boʻyicha ishlari uchun 2018-yilda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ni ([[William Nordhaus]] bilan birgalikda) qoʻlga kiritgani bilan mashhur&lt;ref name=nobelprize&gt;{{Cite web| title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2018 Press Release |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/10/press-economicsciences2018.pdf|work=[[Nobelprize.org]]|date=October 8, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u iqtisodiy tadqiqotlarda matematikadan notoʻgʻri foydalanishni ifodalash uchun „[[soxta matematiklik]]“ atamasini ham kiritgan.

[[Boston kolleji]]ga qoʻshilishidan oldin Romer New York universiteti, [[Chikago universiteti]], [[Berkeleydagi Kaliforniya universiteti]], [[Stanford University|Stenford universiteti]]ning Biznes maktabi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| title=N.Y.U. Lands Top Economist for Cities Project |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/27/n-y-u-lands-top-economist-for-cities-project | access-date=May 27, 2011 | date=May 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;, hamda Rochester universitetida professor boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://paulromer.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/CV-Romer-Nov.-2015.pdf|title=CV (PAUL M. ROMER)|access-date=October 11, 2019|archive-date=October 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013333/https://paulromer.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/CV-Romer-Nov.-2015.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://paulromer.net/|title=Paul Romer|website=paulromer.net|language=en-US|access-date=October 8, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Romer 2016-yilda [[Jahon banki]]ga qoʻshilganida NYUdagi professorlik lavozimidan vaqtincha taʼtilga chiqqan va 2018-yilda oʻz lavozimidan isteʼfoga chiqqach yana NYUga qaytgan. U 2018-yil yanvar oyida Chilining „biznes yuritish qulayligi“ reytingi boʻyicha ehtimoliy siyosiy manipulyatsiya haqidagi bayonoti ortidan yuzaga kelgan bahs-munozaradan soʻng Jahon bankining bosh iqtisodchisi va katta vitse-prezidenti lavozimidan ketgan&lt;ref name=&quot;FT2018-01-24&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Donnan|first=Shawn|date=January 25, 2018|title=Outspoken World Bank chief economist Paul Romer exits: Emails reveal clashes over issues ranging from grammar to methodology|url=https://www.ft.com/content/be72f8e2-0144-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5|website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Bundan tashqari, u „National Bureau of Economic Research“, „Stenford universitetining xalqaro rivojlanish markazi“, „Stenford universitetining iqtisodiy siyosat boʻyicha tadqiqot instituti“, [[Hoover instituti]]da tadqiqotchi boʻlib ishlagan, shuningdek Amerika sanʼat va fanlar akademiyasi hamda Global rivojlanish markazida aʼzo boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/6926|title=Risk and Return|date=1996|work=Hoover Digest|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802050537/http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/6926|archive-date=August 2, 2012|url-status=dead|number=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Romering eng muhim ishlari iqtisodiy oʻsish sohasiga tegishli boʻlib, u endogen oʻsish nazariyasi rivojiga muhim hissa qoʻshgan hamda gʻoyalar raqobatda „noyob isteʼmol qilinmaydigan“ xususiyatiga ega ekanini asoslab bergan. U 1997-yilda „''[[Time (jurnal)|Time]]''“ jurnali tomonidan Amerikaning eng nufuzli 25 kishisidan biri deb topilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Time's 25 Most Influential Americans | work=[[Time Magazine]] | publisher=Time Inc. | url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986206-10,00.html | access-date=December 21, 2007 | date=April 21, 1997 | archive-date=October 4, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185045/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986206-10,00.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;, va 2002-yilda iqtisodiyot sohasidagi Horst Claus Recktenwald mukofoti bilan taqdirlangan. 2015-yilda u iqtisodiyot faxriy jamiyati „Omicron Delta Epsilon“ tomonidan beriladigan John R. Commons mukofotini olgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.omicrondeltaepsilon.org/awards.html|title = Omicron Delta Epsilon - the International Economics Honor Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

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  <page>
    <title>Pareto indeksi</title>
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      <text bytes="5133" sha1="0bulw9e4i8qrcbumwuakm5gk2rrkdel" xml:space="preserve">'''Pareto indeksi''' — [[Iqtisodiyot|iqtisodiyotda]] italiyalik iqtisodchi va sotsiolog [[Pareto Vilfredo]] nomi bilan atalgan, daromad yoki boylik taqsimotining yaqinlashuvchi bahosidir. Bu [[Pareto taqsimoti]]ni belgilovchi parametrlardan biridir va [[Pareto qonuniyati]]ni oʻzida mujassam etadi. Daromadga nisbatan qoʻllanilganda, Pareto prinsipi baʼzan aholining 20 foizi daromadning 80 foiziga ega, deyilgan holda ifodalanadi. Paretoning „''Cours d'économie politique''“ asaridagi Britaniya daromad soligʻi boʻyicha maʼlumotlari aholining taxminan 20 foizi daromadning 80 foiziga ega ekanligini koʻrsatadi.

Daromadlar taqsimotini modellashtirishda qoʻllanilganda, Pareto taqsimotining eng sodda tavsiflaridan biri shuni aytadiki, har qanday musbat ''x'' &gt; ''x''&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; sonidan yuqori daromadga ega aholi ulushi

: &lt;math&gt;q = \left(\frac{x_\mathrm{m}}{x}\right)^\alpha
= \left(\frac{q}{p}\right)^\alpha
&lt;/math&gt;

bu yerda ''x''&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; musbat son, ushbu ehtimollik taqsimoti tayanchining minimal qiymati (m indeksi ''minimum'' — eng kichik degan maʼnoni anglatadi). Pareto indeksi — bu α parametrdir. Ulush 0 dan 1 gacha (shu sonlar kiradi) boʻlishi kerakligi sababli, α indeksi musbat boʻlishi shart, ammo butun aholining umumiy daromadi chekli boʻlishi uchun α birdan katta ham boʻlishi kerak. Pareto indeksi qanchalik katta boʻlsa, juda yuqori daromadli odamlar ulushi shunchalik kichik boʻladi.

&lt;math&gt;p + q = 1&lt;/math&gt; qoidasi berilgan boʻlsa, &lt;math&gt;p &gt; q&lt;/math&gt; bilan, Pareto indeksi quyidagicha ifodalanadi:
: &lt;math&gt;\alpha = \log_{p/q} 1/q = \log(1/q)/\log(p/q) = \log(q)/\log(q/p).&lt;/math&gt;
Agar &lt;math&gt;q = 1/n&lt;/math&gt; boʻlsa, bu quyidagicha soddalashadi:
: &lt;math&gt;\alpha = \log_{n-1} (n).&lt;/math&gt;
Shuningdek, koeffitsientlar (X:Y) nuqtai nazaridan:
: &lt;math&gt;\alpha = \log_{X/Y} ((X+Y)/Y),&lt;/math&gt;
shuning uchun X:1 nisbati quyidagini beradi:
: &lt;math&gt;\alpha = \log_X (X+1).&lt;/math&gt;

Masalan, 80–20 (4:1) qoidasi α = log(5)/log(4) ≈ 1.16 ga toʻgʻri keladi, 90–10 (9:1) qoidasi α = log(10)/log(9) ≈ 1.05 ga, 99–1 esa α = log(100)/log(99) ≈ 1.002 ga mos keladi, holbuki 70–30 qoidasi α = log(0.3)/log(0.3/0.7) ≈ 1.42 ga va 2:1 (67–33) qoidasi α = log(3)/log(2) ≈ 1.585 ga mos keladi.

Matematik jihatdan, yuqoridagi formula barcha daromadlar ''x''&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; quyi chegarasidan (bu musbat) kam emasligini talab qiladi. Ushbu daromadda ehtimollik zichligi toʻsatdan noldan sakraydi va keyin kamaya boshlaydi, bu esa aniq realistik emas. Shu sababli iqtisodchilar baʼzan Pareto qonuni faqat taqsimotning yuqori 20 foizi uchun toʻgʻri ekanligini taʼkidlaydilar.

== Yana qarang ==
[[Jini indeksi]]
== Manbalar va havolalar ==
* [[Vilfredo Pareto]], ''Cours d'économie politique professé à l’université de Lausanne'', 3 jild, 1896–7.
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0011373 „Universal Structure of the Personal Income Distribution“, Wataru Souma]
* „Wealth Condensation in Pareto Macroeconomies“, Z. Burda, D. Johnston, J. Jurkiewicz, M. Kamiński, M. A. Nowak, G. Papp, I. Zahed, ''Physical Review E'', jild 65, 2002.
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0202388 „Physics of Personal Income“, Wataru Souma]
* „Pareto Index Estimation Under Moderate Right Censoring“, Jan Beirlant, Armelle Guillou, ''Scandinavian Actuarial Journal'', jild 2 (2001), 111–125-betlar.
* „Wealth Distribution in an Ancient Egyptian Society“, A. Y. Abul-Magd, [[Physical Review E]], jild 66, 2002.
* „Pareto Index Induced from the Scale of Companies“, Atushi Ishikawa, ''Physica A'', jild 363, 367–376-betlar, 2006.
* „[[Power law|Power Law]] Tails in the Italian Personal Income Distribution“, Fabio Clementi, [[Mauro Gallegati]], ''[[Physica A]]'', jild 350, 427–438-betlar, 2005.
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0108482 Small-World Effects in Wealth Distribution, Wataru Souma, Yoshi Fujiwara, Hideaki Aoyama]
* „Weak Limiting Behaviour of a Simple Tail Pareto-Index Estimator“, J. N. Bacro and M. Brito, ''Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference'', jild 45, 1-son, 1995, 7–19-betlar.
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1763239 A Prediction Error Criterion for Choosing the Lower Quantile in Pareto Index Estimation], [[Debbie Dupuis]] va [[Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser]] tomonidan
* „Generalized Pareto Fit to the Society of Actuaries Large Claims Database“, A. Cebrián, M. Denuit and Ph. Lambert, ''North American Actuarial Journal'', jild 8
* „A New Illustration of Paretoʻs Law“, Josiah C. Stamp, ''[[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society]]'', jild 77, 2-son, 200–204-betlar, 1914 yil yanvar.
* „The Pareto Law and the Distribution of Income“, G. Findlay Shirras, ''The Economic Journal'', jild 45, 180-son, 663–681-betlar, 1935 yil dekabr.
* [http://isi.cbs.nl/glossary/term2412.htm „Pareto index“ in various languages], [[Xalqaro Statistika Instituti]] (International Statistical Institute) statistik atamalar lugʻatidan.
* „[[Second Thoughts on James Burnham]]“, ''[[Polemic (magazine)|Polemic]]'', J. Oruell (G. Orwell), 1946 yil may.

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
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    <title>Pigou effekti</title>
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      <text bytes="4135" sha1="mvso50nw1dabdyxcu32tfvehw9q790n" xml:space="preserve">'''Pigou effekti''' – [[Iqtisodiyot|iqtisodiyotda]], ayniqsa [[deflyatsiya]] davrida, boylikning real qoldiqlarining oshishi natijasida iste’molning ko‘payishi hisobiga [[mahsulot]] va [[bandlik]]ning rag‘batlantirilishidir. Ushbu atama 1948-yilda Don Patinkin tomonidan [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] nomi bilan atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 591|title = Price Flexibility and Full Employment|last = Patinkin|first = Don|date = September 1948|journal = The American Economic Review|pages = 543–564|volume = 38|issue = 4|author-link = Don Patinkin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 1825073|title = An Asset Influence in the Labor Market|last = Hough|first = Louis|date = June 1955|journal = Journal of Political Economy|doi = 10.1086/257665|issue = 3|pages = 202–215|volume = 63|s2cid = 154553746}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url = http://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/134|title = Managing the Loss: How Pigou Arrived at the Pigou Effect|last = Takami|first = Norikazu|date = April 2011|journal = HOPE Center Working Papers|access-date = 2014-07-15|archive-date = 2019-05-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514200347/https://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/134|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Real boylik [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] tomonidan [[pul massasi]] va [[davlat obligatsiyalari]] yig‘indisining narxlar darajasiga bo‘linmasi sifatida aniqlangan. U [[John Maynard Keynes|Keyns]]ning &quot;''Umumiy nazariya''&quot; asarida &quot;real qoldiqlar&quot;dan joriy iste’molga bog‘lovchi havolani ko‘rsatmaganligi sababli nuqsonli ekanligini va bunday &quot;boylik effekti&quot;ning qo‘shilishi iqtisodiyotni yig‘ma talab pasayishiga Keyns bashorat qilganidan ko‘ra ko‘proq &quot;o‘z-o‘zini tuzatuvchi&quot; qilishini ta’kidlagan. Bu effekt &quot;Real qoldiq&quot;dagi o‘zgarishlardan kelib chiqqanligi sababli, Keynsianizmning ushbu tanqidi '&quot;Real qoldiq effekti&quot; deb ham ataladi.

== Tarixi ==
Pigou effekti birinchi marta 1943-yilda Arthut Cecil Pigou tomonidan &quot;''Economic Journal''&quot; jurnalida chop etilgan &quot;The Classical Stationary State&quot; (Klassik statsionar holat) maqolasida ommalashtirilgan&lt;ref name=Pigou43&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pigou |first=Arthur Cecil |author-link=Arthur Cecil Pigou |year=1943 |title=The Classical Stationary State |journal=Economic Journal |volume=53 |issue=212 |pages=343–351 |jstor= 2226394 |doi=10.2307/2226394}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U qoldiqlar va iste’mol o‘rtasidagi bog‘lanishni avvalroq taklif qilgan edi va Gottfried Haberler &quot;''Umumiy nazariya''&quot; nashr etilganidan keyingi yilda shunga o‘xshash e’tiroz bildirgan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/essays/keynes/realbalances.htm |title=Real Balances Debate |access-date=2005-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050624075216/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/essays/keynes/realbalances.htm |archive-date=2005-06-24 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Klassik iqtisodiyot]] an’anasiga amal qilgan holda, Pigou ko‘p hollarda iqtisodiyot qaytib keladigan &quot;tabiiy stavkalar&quot; g‘oyasini qo‘llab-quvvatlagan, garchi u qattiq narxlar talab zarbasidan keyin ham tabiiy mahsulot darajalariga qaytishga to‘sqinlik qilishi mumkinligini tan olgan bo‘lsa ham. Pigou &quot;Real qoldiq&quot; effektini Keyns va klassik modellarni birlashtiruvchi mexanizm sifatida ko‘rgan.

== Keyns yig‘ma talabi bilan integratsiyasi ==
Keynsning ta’kidlashicha, yig‘ma talabning pasayishi bandlik va narxlar darajasini bir vaqtda tushirishi mumkin – bu deflyatsion [[Buyuk depressiya|depressiya]]da kuzatilgan hodisa. Jon Hiks tomonidan rasmiylashtirilgan Keyns iqtisodiyotining &quot;IS-LM&quot; tizimida salbiy yig‘ma talab zarbasi IS egri chizig‘ini chapga siljitadi; buning natijasida bir vaqtning o‘zida pasayib borayotgan ish haqi va narxlar darajasi real pul massasining ortishi tufayli LM egri chizig‘ini pastga siljitadi – bu [[Keyns effekti]] deb ataladi. Pigou effekti o‘z navbatida, joriy real qoldiqlarning ortishi daromad effekti orqali xarajatlarni oshirishi hisobiga yig‘ma talabning pasayishiga qarshi turadi va shu tariqa IS egri chizig‘ini o‘ngga qaytaradi.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
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      <text bytes="4132" sha1="ir8klns0t3fmk8yhluj3dxj7lyz6wsb" xml:space="preserve">'''Pigou effekti''' – [[Iqtisodiyot|iqtisodiyotda]], ayniqsa [[deflyatsiya]] davrida, boylikning real qoldiqlarining oshishi natijasida iste’molning ko‘payishi hisobiga [[mahsulot]] va [[bandlik]]ning rag‘batlantirilishidir. Ushbu atama 1948-yilda Don Patinkin tomonidan [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] nomi bilan atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 591|title = Price Flexibility and Full Employment|last = Patinkin|first = Don|date = September 1948|journal = The American Economic Review|pages = 543–564|volume = 38|issue = 4|author-link = Don Patinkin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 1825073|title = An Asset Influence in the Labor Market|last = Hough|first = Louis|date = June 1955|journal = Journal of Political Economy|doi = 10.1086/257665|issue = 3|pages = 202–215|volume = 63|s2cid = 154553746}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url = http://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/134|title = Managing the Loss: How Pigou Arrived at the Pigou Effect|last = Takami|first = Norikazu|date = April 2011|journal = HOPE Center Working Papers|access-date = 2014-07-15|archive-date = 2019-05-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514200347/https://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/134|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Real boylik [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] tomonidan [[pul massasi]] va [[davlat obligatsiyalari]] yig‘indisining narxlar darajasiga bo‘linmasi sifatida aniqlangan. U [[John Maynard Keynes|Keyns]]ning &quot;''Umumiy nazariya''&quot; asarida &quot;real qoldiqlar&quot;dan joriy iste’molga bog‘lovchi havolani ko‘rsatmaganligi sababli nuqsonli ekanligini va bunday &quot;boylik effekti&quot;ning qo‘shilishi iqtisodiyotni yig‘ma talab pasayishiga Keyns bashorat qilganidan ko‘ra ko‘proq &quot;o‘z-o‘zini tuzatuvchi&quot; qilishini ta’kidlagan. Bu effekt &quot;Real qoldiq&quot;dagi o‘zgarishlardan kelib chiqqanligi sababli, Keynsianizmning ushbu tanqidi '&quot;Real qoldiq effekti&quot; deb ham ataladi.

== Tarixi ==
Pigou effekti birinchi marta 1943-yilda Arthut Cecil Pigou tomonidan &quot;''Economic Journal''&quot; jurnalida chop etilgan &quot;The Classical Stationary State&quot; (Klassik statsionar holat) maqolasida ommalashtirilgan&lt;ref name=Pigou43&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pigou |first=Arthur Cecil |author-link=Arthur Cecil Pigou |year=1943 |title=The Classical Stationary State |journal=Economic Journal |volume=53 |issue=212 |pages=343–351 |jstor= 2226394 |doi=10.2307/2226394}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U qoldiqlar va iste’mol o‘rtasidagi bog‘lanishni avvalroq taklif qilgan edi va Gottfried Haberler &quot;''Umumiy nazariya''&quot; nashr etilganidan keyingi yilda shunga o‘xshash e’tiroz bildirgan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/essays/keynes/realbalances.htm |title=Real Balances Debate |access-date=2005-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050624075216/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/essays/keynes/realbalances.htm |archive-date=2005-06-24 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Klassik iqtisodiyot]] an’anasiga amal qilgan holda, Pigou ko‘p hollarda iqtisodiyot qaytib keladigan &quot;tabiiy stavkalar&quot; g‘oyasini qo‘llab-quvvatlagan, garchi u qattiq narxlar talab zarbasidan keyin ham tabiiy mahsulot darajalariga qaytishga to‘sqinlik qilishi mumkinligini tan olgan bo‘lsa ham. Pigou &quot;Real qoldiq&quot; effektini Keyns va klassik modellarni birlashtiruvchi mexanizm sifatida ko‘rgan.

== Keyns yalpi talabi bilan integratsiyasi ==
Keynsning ta’kidlashicha, yig‘ma talabning pasayishi bandlik va narxlar darajasini bir vaqtda tushirishi mumkin – bu deflyatsion [[Buyuk depressiya|depressiya]]da kuzatilgan hodisa. Jon Hiks tomonidan rasmiylashtirilgan Keyns iqtisodiyotining &quot;IS-LM&quot; tizimida salbiy yig‘ma talab zarbasi IS egri chizig‘ini chapga siljitadi; buning natijasida bir vaqtning o‘zida pasayib borayotgan ish haqi va narxlar darajasi real pul massasining ortishi tufayli LM egri chizig‘ini pastga siljitadi – bu [[Keyns effekti]] deb ataladi. Pigou effekti o‘z navbatida, joriy real qoldiqlarning ortishi daromad effekti orqali xarajatlarni oshirishi hisobiga yig‘ma talabning pasayishiga qarshi turadi va shu tariqa IS egri chizig‘ini o‘ngga qaytaradi.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
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      <text bytes="4133" sha1="5y3zz6f7a0rjezxt33pqui39xslgxg2" xml:space="preserve">'''Pigou effekti''' — [[Iqtisodiyot|iqtisodiyotda]], ayniqsa [[deflyatsiya]] davrida, boylikning real qoldiqlarining oshishi natijasida isteʼmolning koʻpayishi hisobiga [[mahsulot]] va [[bandlik]]ning ragʻbatlantirilishidir. Ushbu atama 1948-yilda Don Patinkin tomonidan [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] nomi bilan atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 591|title = Price Flexibility and Full Employment|last = Patinkin|first = Don|date = September 1948|journal = The American Economic Review|pages = 543–564|volume = 38|issue = 4|author-link = Don Patinkin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 1825073|title = An Asset Influence in the Labor Market|last = Hough|first = Louis|date = June 1955|journal = Journal of Political Economy|doi = 10.1086/257665|issue = 3|pages = 202–215|volume = 63|s2cid = 154553746}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url = http://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/134|title = Managing the Loss: How Pigou Arrived at the Pigou Effect|last = Takami|first = Norikazu|date = April 2011|journal = HOPE Center Working Papers|access-date = 2014-07-15|archive-date = 2019-05-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514200347/https://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/134|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Real boylik [[Arthur Cecil Pigou]] tomonidan [[pul massasi]] va [[davlat obligatsiyalari]] yigʻindisining narxlar darajasiga boʻlinmasi sifatida aniqlangan. U [[John Maynard Keynes|Keyns]]ning „''Umumiy nazariya''“ asarida „real qoldiqlar“dan joriy isteʼmolga bogʻlovchi havolani koʻrsatmaganligi sababli nuqsonli ekanligini va bunday „boylik effekti“ning qoʻshilishi iqtisodiyotni yalpitalab pasayishiga Keyns bashorat qilganidan koʻra koʻproq „oʻz-oʻzini tuzatuvchi“ qilishini taʼkidlagan. Bu effekt „Real qoldiq“dagi oʻzgarishlardan kelib chiqqanligi sababli, Keynsianizmning ushbu tanqidi „Real qoldiq effekti“ deb ham ataladi.

== Tarixi ==
Pigou effekti birinchi marta 1943-yilda Arthut Cecil Pigou tomonidan „''Economic Journal''“ jurnalida chop etilgan „The Classical Stationary State“ (Klassik statsionar holat) maqolasida ommalashtirilgan&lt;ref name=Pigou43&gt;{{cite journal |last=Pigou |first=Arthur Cecil |author-link=Arthur Cecil Pigou |year=1943 |title=The Classical Stationary State |journal=Economic Journal |volume=53 |issue=212 |pages=343–351 |jstor= 2226394 |doi=10.2307/2226394}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U qoldiqlar va isteʼmol oʻrtasidagi bogʻlanishni avvalroq taklif qilgan edi va Gottfried Haberler „''Umumiy nazariya''“ nashr etilganidan keyingi yilda shunga oʻxshash eʼtiroz bildirgan edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/essays/keynes/realbalances.htm |title=Real Balances Debate |access-date=2005-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050624075216/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/essays/keynes/realbalances.htm |archive-date=2005-06-24 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Klassik iqtisodiyot]] anʼanasiga amal qilgan holda, Pigou koʻp hollarda iqtisodiyot qaytib keladigan „tabiiy stavkalar“ gʻoyasini qoʻllab-quvvatlagan, garchi u qattiq narxlar talab zarbasidan keyin ham tabiiy mahsulot darajalariga qaytishga toʻsqinlik qilishi mumkinligini tan olgan boʻlsa ham. Pigou „Real qoldiq“ effektini Keyns va klassik modellarni birlashtiruvchi mexanizm sifatida koʻrgan.

== Keyns yalpi talabi bilan integratsiyasi ==
Keynsning taʼkidlashicha, yalpi talabning pasayishi bandlik va narxlar darajasini bir vaqtda tushirishi mumkin — bu deflyatsion [[Buyuk depressiya|depressiya]]da kuzatilgan hodisa. Jon Hiks tomonidan rasmiylashtirilgan Keyns iqtisodiyotining „IS-LM“ tizimida salbiy yalpitalab zarbasi IS egri chizigʻini chapga siljitadi; buning natijasida bir vaqtning oʻzida pasayib borayotgan ish haqi va narxlar darajasi real pul massasining ortishi tufayli LM egri chizigʻini pastga siljitadi — bu [[Keyns effekti]] deb ataladi. Pigou effekti oʻz navbatida, joriy real qoldiqlarning ortishi daromad effekti orqali xarajatlarni oshirishi hisobiga yalpitalabning pasayishiga qarshi turadi va shu tariqa IS egri chizigʻini oʻngga qaytaradi.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
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    <title>Boylik</title>
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      <text bytes="4379" sha1="ro98o7tlx5b8dpuiea1vqq5zu8hhb59" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World map of median wealth per adult by country. Credit Suisse. 2021 publication.png|thumb|upright=2.0|Mamlakatlar boʻyicha har bir katta yoshli kishiga toʻgʻri keladigan oʻrtacha boylik ([[AQSH dollari|AQSh dollarlari]]); manba: Credit Suisse]]

'''Boylik''' — bu moliyaviy tranzaktsiyalarda ishlatilishi mumkin boʻlgan shaklga aylantirilishi mumkin boʻlgan qimmatli moliyaviy aktivlar yoki [[mulk|jismoniy egaliklar]]ning moʻlligidir. Bu qadimgi [[ingliz tili|ingliz tilidagi]] „{{lang|ang|weal}}“ soʻzidan olingan asosiy maʼnoni oʻz ichiga oladi, bu soʻz [[hind-yevropa tillari|hind-yevropa]] til oʻzagidan kelib chiqqan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/weal|title=weal|work=[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]|edition=4th|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|access-date=February 21, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Boylikning zamonaviy kontseptsiyasi [[iqtisodiyot]]ning barcha sohalarida, xususan, oʻsish iqtisodiyoti va rivojlanish iqtisodiyoti uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega, ammo boylikning maʼnosi kontekstga bogʻliqdir. Katta sof boylikka ega boʻlgan shaxs ''boy'' deb nomlanadi. Sof boylik — bu aktivlarning joriy qiymatidan majburiyatlar (ishonchli hisoblardagi asosiy qarzdan tashqari) chegirilgani sifatida aniqlanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/first/s/stanley-millionaire.html|title=The Millionaire Next Door|website=movies2.nytimes.com|access-date=September 27, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Eng umumiy darajada, iqtisodchilar boylikni „qiymatga ega boʻlgan har qanday narsaning jami“ deb taʼriflashlari mumkin, bu esa gʻoyaning subyektiv tabiatini va uning qatʼiy yoki statik tushuncha emasligini qamrab oladi. Boylikning turli taʼriflari va tushunchalari turli odamlar tomonidan turli kontekstlarda ilgari surilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;goulet&quot;&gt;Denis „Authentic Development: Is it Sustainable?“, pp. 189–205 in ''Building Sustainable Societies'', [[Dennis Pirages]], ed., M. E. Sharpe, {{ISBN|978-1563247385}}. (1996)&lt;/ref&gt;. Boylikni taʼriflash turli axloqiy oqibatlarga ega boʻlgan [[normativ]] jarayon boʻlishi mumkin, chunki koʻpincha boylikni maksimallashtirish maqsad sifatida qaraladi yoki oʻz-oʻzidan normativ printsip deb hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Kronman|first=Anthony T.|date=March 1980|title=Wealth Maximization as a Normative Principle|journal=[[The Journal of Legal Studies]]|volume=9|issue=2|pages=227–242|doi=10.1086/467637|s2cid=153759163}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heilbroner&quot;&gt;[[Robert L. Heilbroner]], 1987 [[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics|2008]]. ''[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]]'', v. 4, pp. 880–883. Brief preview [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=wealth+%22New+palgrave%22+heilbroner+%22Wealth+is+a+fundamental+concept%22&amp;edition=current&amp;button_search=GO link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601152245/http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=wealth+%22New+palgrave%22+heilbroner+%22Wealth+is+a+fundamental+concept%22&amp;edition=current&amp;button_search=GO |date=June 1, 2012 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;. Umumiy manfaat uchun bunday egaliklar yoki resurslarning moʻlligiga ega boʻlgan [[jamiyat]], mintaqa yoki mamlakat boy deb nomlanadi.

[[Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti]]ning ''inklyuziv boylik'' taʼrifi — bu tabiiy, insoniy va jismoniy aktivlar yigʻindisini oʻz ichiga olgan pul oʻlchovidir&lt;ref name=&quot;wealth&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2012/06/30/the-real-wealth-of-nations |title=Free exchange: The real wealth of nations |newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=June 30, 2012 |access-date=July 14, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Inclusive Wealth Report - IHDP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ihdp.unu.edu/article/iwr |title=Inclusive Wealth Report |publisher=[[International Human Dimensions Programme]] |website=Ihdp.unu.edu |date=July 9, 2012 |access-date=July 14, 2012 |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630055324/http://www.ihdp.unu.edu/article/iwr/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Tabiiy kapital yer, oʻrmonlar, energiya resurslari va minerallarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Inson kapitali aholining taʼlim va koʻnikmalaridir. Jismoniy (yoki „ishlab chiqarilgan“) kapital mashinalar, binolar va infratuzilma kabi narsalarni oʻz ichiga oladi.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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    <title>Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti</title>
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      <text bytes="13266" sha1="qfkkylcffaw92iw0xlbqva7prbp5760" xml:space="preserve">== Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti ==


'''Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti''' — bu psixologik (masalan, kognitiv, xulq-atvor, affektiv, ijtimoiy) omillarning shaxslar yoki institutlarning qaror qabul qilish jarayonidagi rolini va bu qarorlarning an’anaviy iqtisodiy nazariya nazarda tutgan qarorlardan qanday og‘ishini o‘rganadigan fan.&lt;ref name=&quot;ssrn.com&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|ssrn=2040946|title=A Behavioral Framework for Securities Risk|publisher =SSRN|last = Lin|first = Tom C. W. |date = 16 April 2012|journal = Seattle University Law Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Zeiler|first1=Kathryn|last2=Teitelbaum|first2=Joshua|date=2018-03-30|title=Research Handbook on Behavioral Law and Economics|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/books/35|journal=Books|author1-link=Kathryn Zeiler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti asosan cheklangan ratsionallik doirasida ratsionallikning chegaralari va Iqtisodiy agentlarning xatti-harakatlarini o‘rganadi. Xulq-atvor modellari odatda psixologiya, [[nevrologiya]] va [[mikroiqtisodiy nazariya]]dan olingan tushunchalarni birlashtiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Search of ''behavioural economics'' |url=http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=behavioural+economics+&amp;edition=current&amp;button_search=GO}} in {{harvnb|Palgrave|ref=Palgrave}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MintonKahle2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Elizabeth A. |last1=Minton|first2=Lynn R. |last2=Kahle|title=Belief Systems, Religion, and Behavioral Economics: Marketing in Multicultural Environments|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=hk5pngEACAAJ}}|year=2013|publisher=Business Expert Press|isbn=978-1-60649-704-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti alohida ilmiy yo‘nalish sifatida 1970–1980-yillarda shakllangan bo‘lsa-da, uning ildizlari XVIII asr iqtisodchilariga, masalan [[Adam Smith]]ga borib taqaladi; u shaxslarning iqtisodiy xulq-atvori ularning istaklari bilan qanday shakllanishi mumkinligini muhokama qilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ashraf |first1=Nava |last2=Camerer |first2=Colin F. |last3=Loewenstein |first3=George |year=2005 |title=Adam Smith, Behavioral Economist |url= https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110204-074751695|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=131–45 |doi=10.1257/089533005774357897 |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti iqtisodiyotning kichik sohasi sifatidagi maqomi nisbatan yangi hisoblanadi; uning asoslarini yaratgan muhim yutuqlar XX asrning so‘nggi o'ttiz yilligi davomida chop etilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Agner |first=Erik |title=A course in Behavioral Economics |publisher=Red Globe Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-352-01080-0 |edition=3rd |pages=2–4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sent |first=Esther-Mirjam |date=2004 |title=Behavioral Economics: How Psychology Made Its (Limited) Way Back into Economics |url=https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/178098 |journal=History of Political Economy |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=735–760 |doi=10.1215/00182702-36-4-735 |s2cid=143911190 |issn=1527-1919 |via=Project MUSE|hdl=2066/67175 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Behavioral economics hali ham rivojlanayotgan soha bo‘lib, tadqiqot va ta’limda tobora keng qo‘llanilmoqda.&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;/&gt;

Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti real hayotdagi iqtisodiy qaror qabul qilishni tushunish va yaxshilash uchun keng qo‘llaniladi, ayniqsa davlat siyosati, moliya va bozor dizayni kabi sohalarda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/behavioural-insights.htm |title=Behavioural Insights and Public Policy |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ushbu soha inson xulq-atvorining empirik kuzatilgan naqshlarini standart iqtisodiy modellarga kiritish orqali iqtisodiy tahlil va siyosatni ishlab chiqishda tobora katta ta’sirga ega bo‘lib bormoqda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/behavioral-science |title=Behavioral Science and Policy |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;       
[[File:Adam Smith The Muir portrait.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Adam Smith]], ''The Wealth of Nations'' (1776) va ''The Theory of Moral Sentiments'' (1759) asarlari muallifi]]

== Tarixi ==
Ilk klassik iqtisodchilar o‘z asarlarining katta qismida psixologik mulohazalardan foydalanganlar, garchi o‘sha davrda psixologiya alohida ilmiy soha sifatida tan olinmagan bo‘lsa-da.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Camerer |first1=Colin |title=Advances in Behavioral Economics |last2=Loewenstein |first2=George |last3=Rabin |first3=Matthew |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780691116822 |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Axloqiy tuyg‘ular nazariyasi]]'' asarida Adam Smith keyinchalik zamonaviy behavioral iqtisodiyot nazariyasida mashhur bo‘lgan tushunchalar, masalan [[Yo‘qotishni yoqtirmaslik]] haqida yozgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; [[Jeremy Bentham]], XVIII asrdagi Utilitarian faylasufi, utilityni psixologiyaning mahsuli sifatida tushuntirgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Psixologik izohlarni o‘z ishlariga kiritgan boshqa iqtisodchilar qatoriga Francis Edgeworth, Vilfredo Pareto va [[Irving Fisher]] kiradi.

XX asr boshlarida iqtisodiyotdan psixologiyaning rad etilishi va chiqarib tashlanishi empirik yondashuvga tayanilgan davrni boshlab berdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; gedonistik nazariyalarga bo‘lgan ishonch pasaydi; bu nazariyalar inson iqtisodiy xulq-atvorini tushunishda maksimal foydaga erishishni asosiy omil deb hisoblagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;/&gt; Gedonistik tahlil inson xulq-atvorini oldindan aytishda kam muvaffaqiyat ko‘rsatdi, bu esa uning ishonchli prognoz manbai sifatida yaroqliligiga shubha uyg‘otdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Shuningdek, iqtisodchilar orasida psixologiyaning iqtisodiy modellarni shakllantirishdagi roli haddan tashqari bo‘lishi va qabul qilingan tamoyillardan chetga chiqish deb hisoblangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hansen |first1=Kristian Bondo |last2=Presskorn-Thygesen |first2=Thomas |date=July 2022 |title=On Some Antecedents of Behavioural Economics |journal=History of the Human Sciences |volume=35 |issue=3–4 |pages=58–83 |doi=10.1177/09526951211000950|s2cid=234860041 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ular psixologiyaga ortiqcha urg‘u berish ushbu sohaning matematik tarkibiy qismlarini zaiflashtiradi deb qo‘rqishgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Stephen J. |last2=Goetzmann |first2=William N. |last3=Kumar |first3=Alok |date=January 1998 |title=The Dow Theory: William Peter Hamilton's Track Record Reconsidered |journal=The Journal of Finance |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=1311–1333 |doi=10.1111/0022-1082.00054 |jstor=117403 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boyd |first=Richard |date=Summer 2020 |title=The Early Modern Origins of Behavioral Economics |journal=Social Philosophy &amp; Policy |publisher=Oxford: Cambridge University Press |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=30–54 |doi=10.1017/S0265052520000035|s2cid=230794629 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

1970-yillarning oxiriga kelib, kutilgan foyda nazariyasiga (expected-utility theory) nisbatan tanqidlar shakllanib, muqobil formal modellar paydo bo‘la boshladi, eng mashhuri esa prospect nazariyasidir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Behavioral_Decision_Theory/Kahneman_Tversky_1979_Prospect_theory.pdf |title=Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk |publisher=Econometrica |date=1979 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iqtisodiyotning prognozlash qobiliyatini oshirish uchun iqtisodchilar inson psixologiyasiga asoslangan nazariyalardan ko‘ra ko‘proq kuzatiladigan real hodisalarga e’tibor qaratishni boshladilar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Psixologiya yangi soha bo‘lgani uchun ko‘pchilik iqtisodchilar uni yetarlicha ilmiy deb hisoblamagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Ba’zi olimlar iqtisodiyotdagi positivismga tanqidiy qarashgan bo‘lsa-da, psixologik tushunchalarga asoslangan modellar kamdan-kam qo‘llanilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Iqtisodchilar insonni faqat ratsional va o‘z manfaatini ko‘zlovchi qaror qabul qiluvchi sifatida tasavvur qila boshladilar, bu esa ''[[homo economicus]]'' tushunchasida ifodalangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Muhim dastlabki tushunchalardan biri cheklangan ratsionallik bo‘lib, u kognitiv va axborot cheklovlari sharoitida to‘liq optimal qaror qabul qilish haqidagi farazni yumshatadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/bounded-rationality/ |title=Bounded Rationality |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |date=2020 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kutilgan foyda nazariyasining ustunligiga qarshi muhim dastlabki chaqiriq fransuz iqtisodchisi [[Maurice Allais]] tomonidan ilgari surilgan. U 1953 yildagi mashhur maqolasida hozirda Allais paradoksi deb ataladigan empirik misollarni — xususan “umumiy nisbat” (common-ratio) va “umumiy natija” (common-consequence) effektlarini — taqdim etdi, bu esa kutilgan foydani maksimal qilishdan tizimli og‘ishlarni ko‘rsatdi. So‘nggi meta-tahlil ishlarida umumlashtirilgan eksperimental dalillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, common-ratio effekti ko‘plab sharoitlarda kuzatiladi. Masalan, Blavatskyy, Panchenko va Ortmann (2023) 39 ta avvalgi tajriba (14,909 ta kuzatuv) ma’lumotlarini qayta tahlil qilib, dizaynlarning taxminan 59,4%ida ushbu naqsh takrorlanganini aniqlagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;commonratio&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Blavatskyy |first1=Pavel |last2=Panchenko |first2=Valentyn |last3=Ortmann |first3=Andreas |year=2023 |title=How common is the common-ratio effect? |journal=Experimental Economics |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=253–272 |doi=10.1007/s10683-022-09761-y |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10683-022-09761-y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iqtisodiyotda psixologiyaning qayta tiklanishi va xulq-atvorga oid iqtisodiyotning kengayishi kognitiv inqilob bilan bog‘liq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What is behavioral economics? {{!}} University of Chicago News |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/what-is-behavioral-economics |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=news.uchicago.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Camerer |first=Colin |date=1999-09-14 |title=Behavioral economics: Reunifying psychology and economics |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=96 |issue=19 |pages=10575–10577 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.19.10575 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmid=10485865|pmc=33745 |bibcode=1999PNAS...9610575C }}&lt;/ref&gt; 1960-yillarda kognitiv psixologiya miyani axborotni qayta ishlovchi tizim sifatida tushuntirishda katta yutuqlarga erishdi (bu behaviorizm modellaridan farq qiladi). Ushbu sohada faoliyat yuritgan psixologlar, masalan Ward Edwards,&lt;ref name=&quot;ward&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ward Edward Papers|publisher=Archival Collections|url=http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/arc/libraries/collections/records/427home.html|access-date=2008-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416235453/http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/arc/libraries/collections/records/427home.html|archive-date=2008-04-16|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amos Tversky va [[Daniel Kahneman]], risk va noaniqlik sharoitida qaror qabul qilishning kognitiv modellarini ratsional iqtisodiy modellar bilan taqqoslashni boshladilar. Bu rivojlanishlar iqtisodchilarni psixologiyaning iqtisodiy modellar va nazariyalarga qanday qo‘llanishi mumkinligini qayta ko‘rib chiqishga undadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Shu bilan birga, Kutilayotgan foydalilik gipotezasi va chegirmali kommunal xizmat modellari kengroq qabul qilina boshladi. Ushbu tushunchalar umumiy foyda nazariyasining aniqligiga shubha uyg‘otib, behavioral iqtisodiyotga xos yondashuvni — standart modellarni psixologik bilimlar bilan boyitish amaliyotini — shakllantirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Bu rivojlanishlar keyingi o‘n yilliklarda sohaning asosiy iqtisodiyot doirasida kengroq qabul qilinishiga zamin yaratdi, shu bilan birga tadqiqotlar soni ortib, ta’lim tizimiga ham kiritila boshlandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://paulgp.com/speeches/thaler_2016_aea.pdf |title=Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future |publisher=American Economic Review |date=2016 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vaqt o‘tishi bilan behavioral yondashuvlar faqat individual tanlovdan tashqariga chiqib, siyosatni ishlab chiqishda ham qo‘llanila boshlandi; bunda iqtisodiy vositalar va institutlarning inson xulq-atvoriga ta’siri haqidagi dalillar muhim rol o‘ynadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w20318/w20318.pdf |title=Applying Insights from Behavioral Economics to Policy Design |publisher=National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) |date=2014 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}[[Matematik psixologiya
{{manbalar}}]] afzalliklarning tranzitivligi va foydani o‘lchashga bo‘lgan uzoq muddatli qiziqishni aks ettiradi.{{sfn|Luce|2000}}

Uning mustaqil ilmiy yo‘nalish sifatida shakllanishi ilmiy tasniflash tizimlarida ham aks etgan bo‘lib, ularda behavioral iqtisodiyot alohida mavzu kategoriyasi sifatida ko‘rsatiladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php?view=jel |title=JEL Classification System / EconLit Subject Descriptors |publisher=American Economic Association |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="13252" sha1="j3v8lgkmcfpqpdjinn1m5ic69itznis" xml:space="preserve">== Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti ==


'''Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti''' — bu psixologik (masalan, kognitiv, xulq-atvor, affektiv, ijtimoiy) omillarning shaxslar yoki institutlarning qaror qabul qilish jarayonidagi rolini va bu qarorlarning an’anaviy iqtisodiy nazariya nazarda tutgan qarorlardan qanday og‘ishini o‘rganadigan fan.&lt;ref name=&quot;ssrn.com&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|ssrn=2040946|title=A Behavioral Framework for Securities Risk|publisher =SSRN|last = Lin|first = Tom C. W. |date = 16 April 2012|journal = Seattle University Law Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Zeiler|first1=Kathryn|last2=Teitelbaum|first2=Joshua|date=2018-03-30|title=Research Handbook on Behavioral Law and Economics|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/books/35|journal=Books|author1-link=Kathryn Zeiler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti asosan cheklangan ratsionallik doirasida ratsionallikning chegaralari va Iqtisodiy agentlarning xatti-harakatlarini o‘rganadi. Xulq-atvor modellari odatda psixologiya, [[nevrologiya]] va [[mikroiqtisodiy nazariya]]dan olingan tushunchalarni birlashtiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Search of ''behavioural economics'' |url=http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=behavioural+economics+&amp;edition=current&amp;button_search=GO}} in {{harvnb|Palgrave|ref=Palgrave}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MintonKahle2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Elizabeth A. |last1=Minton|first2=Lynn R. |last2=Kahle|title=Belief Systems, Religion, and Behavioral Economics: Marketing in Multicultural Environments|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=hk5pngEACAAJ}}|year=2013|publisher=Business Expert Press|isbn=978-1-60649-704-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti alohida ilmiy yo‘nalish sifatida 1970–1980-yillarda shakllangan bo‘lsa-da, uning ildizlari XVIII asr iqtisodchilariga, masalan [[Adam Smith]]ga borib taqaladi; u shaxslarning iqtisodiy xulq-atvori ularning istaklari bilan qanday shakllanishi mumkinligini muhokama qilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ashraf |first1=Nava |last2=Camerer |first2=Colin F. |last3=Loewenstein |first3=George |year=2005 |title=Adam Smith, Behavioral Economist |url= https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110204-074751695|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=131–45 |doi=10.1257/089533005774357897 |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti iqtisodiyotning kichik sohasi sifatidagi maqomi nisbatan yangi hisoblanadi; uning asoslarini yaratgan muhim yutuqlar XX asrning so‘nggi o'ttiz yilligi davomida chop etilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Agner |first=Erik |title=A course in Behavioral Economics |publisher=Red Globe Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-352-01080-0 |edition=3rd |pages=2–4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sent |first=Esther-Mirjam |date=2004 |title=Behavioral Economics: How Psychology Made Its (Limited) Way Back into Economics |url=https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/178098 |journal=History of Political Economy |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=735–760 |doi=10.1215/00182702-36-4-735 |s2cid=143911190 |issn=1527-1919 |via=Project MUSE|hdl=2066/67175 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Behavioral economics hali ham rivojlanayotgan soha bo‘lib, tadqiqot va ta’limda tobora keng qo‘llanilmoqda.

Xulq-atvor iqtisodiyoti real hayotdagi iqtisodiy qaror qabul qilishni tushunish va yaxshilash uchun keng qo‘llaniladi, ayniqsa davlat siyosati, moliya va bozor dizayni kabi sohalarda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/behavioural-insights.htm |title=Behavioural Insights and Public Policy |publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ushbu soha inson xulq-atvorining empirik kuzatilgan naqshlarini standart iqtisodiy modellarga kiritish orqali iqtisodiy tahlil va siyosatni ishlab chiqishda tobora katta ta’sirga ega bo‘lib bormoqda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/behavioral-science |title=Behavioral Science and Policy |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;       
[[File:Adam Smith The Muir portrait.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Adam Smith]], ''The Wealth of Nations'' (1776) va ''The Theory of Moral Sentiments'' (1759) asarlari muallifi]]

== Tarixi ==
Ilk klassik iqtisodchilar o‘z asarlarining katta qismida psixologik mulohazalardan foydalanganlar, garchi o‘sha davrda psixologiya alohida ilmiy soha sifatida tan olinmagan bo‘lsa-da.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Camerer |first1=Colin |title=Advances in Behavioral Economics |last2=Loewenstein |first2=George |last3=Rabin |first3=Matthew |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780691116822 |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Axloqiy tuyg‘ular nazariyasi]]'' asarida Adam Smith keyinchalik zamonaviy behavioral iqtisodiyot nazariyasida mashhur bo‘lgan tushunchalar, masalan [[Yo‘qotishni yoqtirmaslik]] haqida yozgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; [[Jeremy Bentham]], XVIII asrdagi Utilitarian faylasufi, utilityni psixologiyaning mahsuli sifatida tushuntirgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Psixologik izohlarni o‘z ishlariga kiritgan boshqa iqtisodchilar qatoriga Francis Edgeworth, Vilfredo Pareto va [[Irving Fisher]] kiradi.

XX asr boshlarida iqtisodiyotdan psixologiyaning rad etilishi va chiqarib tashlanishi empirik yondashuvga tayanilgan davrni boshlab berdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; gedonistik nazariyalarga bo‘lgan ishonch pasaydi; bu nazariyalar inson iqtisodiy xulq-atvorini tushunishda maksimal foydaga erishishni asosiy omil deb hisoblagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;/&gt; Gedonistik tahlil inson xulq-atvorini oldindan aytishda kam muvaffaqiyat ko‘rsatdi, bu esa uning ishonchli prognoz manbai sifatida yaroqliligiga shubha uyg‘otdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Shuningdek, iqtisodchilar orasida psixologiyaning iqtisodiy modellarni shakllantirishdagi roli haddan tashqari bo‘lishi va qabul qilingan tamoyillardan chetga chiqish deb hisoblangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hansen |first1=Kristian Bondo |last2=Presskorn-Thygesen |first2=Thomas |date=July 2022 |title=On Some Antecedents of Behavioural Economics |journal=History of the Human Sciences |volume=35 |issue=3–4 |pages=58–83 |doi=10.1177/09526951211000950|s2cid=234860041 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ular psixologiyaga ortiqcha urg‘u berish ushbu sohaning matematik tarkibiy qismlarini zaiflashtiradi deb qo‘rqishgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Stephen J. |last2=Goetzmann |first2=William N. |last3=Kumar |first3=Alok |date=January 1998 |title=The Dow Theory: William Peter Hamilton's Track Record Reconsidered |journal=The Journal of Finance |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=1311–1333 |doi=10.1111/0022-1082.00054 |jstor=117403 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boyd |first=Richard |date=Summer 2020 |title=The Early Modern Origins of Behavioral Economics |journal=Social Philosophy &amp; Policy |publisher=Oxford: Cambridge University Press |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=30–54 |doi=10.1017/S0265052520000035|s2cid=230794629 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

1970-yillarning oxiriga kelib, kutilgan foyda nazariyasiga (expected-utility theory) nisbatan tanqidlar shakllanib, muqobil formal modellar paydo bo‘la boshladi, eng mashhuri esa prospect nazariyasidir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Behavioral_Decision_Theory/Kahneman_Tversky_1979_Prospect_theory.pdf |title=Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk |publisher=Econometrica |date=1979 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iqtisodiyotning prognozlash qobiliyatini oshirish uchun iqtisodchilar inson psixologiyasiga asoslangan nazariyalardan ko‘ra ko‘proq kuzatiladigan real hodisalarga e’tibor qaratishni boshladilar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Psixologiya yangi soha bo‘lgani uchun ko‘pchilik iqtisodchilar uni yetarlicha ilmiy deb hisoblamagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Ba’zi olimlar iqtisodiyotdagi positivismga tanqidiy qarashgan bo‘lsa-da, psixologik tushunchalarga asoslangan modellar kamdan-kam qo‘llanilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Iqtisodchilar insonni faqat ratsional va o‘z manfaatini ko‘zlovchi qaror qabul qiluvchi sifatida tasavvur qila boshladilar, bu esa ''[[homo economicus]]'' tushunchasida ifodalangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Muhim dastlabki tushunchalardan biri cheklangan ratsionallik bo‘lib, u kognitiv va axborot cheklovlari sharoitida to‘liq optimal qaror qabul qilish haqidagi farazni yumshatadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/bounded-rationality/ |title=Bounded Rationality |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |date=2020 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kutilgan foyda nazariyasining ustunligiga qarshi muhim dastlabki chaqiriq fransuz iqtisodchisi [[Maurice Allais]] tomonidan ilgari surilgan. U 1953 yildagi mashhur maqolasida hozirda Allais paradoksi deb ataladigan empirik misollarni — xususan “umumiy nisbat” (common-ratio) va “umumiy natija” (common-consequence) effektlarini — taqdim etdi, bu esa kutilgan foydani maksimal qilishdan tizimli og‘ishlarni ko‘rsatdi. So‘nggi meta-tahlil ishlarida umumlashtirilgan eksperimental dalillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, common-ratio effekti ko‘plab sharoitlarda kuzatiladi. Masalan, Blavatskyy, Panchenko va Ortmann (2023) 39 ta avvalgi tajriba (14,909 ta kuzatuv) ma’lumotlarini qayta tahlil qilib, dizaynlarning taxminan 59,4%ida ushbu naqsh takrorlanganini aniqlagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;commonratio&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Blavatskyy |first1=Pavel |last2=Panchenko |first2=Valentyn |last3=Ortmann |first3=Andreas |year=2023 |title=How common is the common-ratio effect? |journal=Experimental Economics |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=253–272 |doi=10.1007/s10683-022-09761-y |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10683-022-09761-y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iqtisodiyotda psixologiyaning qayta tiklanishi va xulq-atvorga oid iqtisodiyotning kengayishi kognitiv inqilob bilan bog‘liq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What is behavioral economics? {{!}} University of Chicago News |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/what-is-behavioral-economics |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=news.uchicago.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Camerer |first=Colin |date=1999-09-14 |title=Behavioral economics: Reunifying psychology and economics |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=96 |issue=19 |pages=10575–10577 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.19.10575 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmid=10485865|pmc=33745 |bibcode=1999PNAS...9610575C }}&lt;/ref&gt; 1960-yillarda kognitiv psixologiya miyani axborotni qayta ishlovchi tizim sifatida tushuntirishda katta yutuqlarga erishdi (bu behaviorizm modellaridan farq qiladi). Ushbu sohada faoliyat yuritgan psixologlar, masalan Ward Edwards,&lt;ref name=&quot;ward&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ward Edward Papers|publisher=Archival Collections|url=http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/arc/libraries/collections/records/427home.html|access-date=2008-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416235453/http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/arc/libraries/collections/records/427home.html|archive-date=2008-04-16|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amos Tversky va [[Daniel Kahneman]], risk va noaniqlik sharoitida qaror qabul qilishning kognitiv modellarini ratsional iqtisodiy modellar bilan taqqoslashni boshladilar. Bu rivojlanishlar iqtisodchilarni psixologiyaning iqtisodiy modellar va nazariyalarga qanday qo‘llanishi mumkinligini qayta ko‘rib chiqishga undadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Shu bilan birga, Kutilayotgan foydalilik gipotezasi va chegirmali kommunal xizmat modellari kengroq qabul qilina boshladi. Ushbu tushunchalar umumiy foyda nazariyasining aniqligiga shubha uyg‘otib, behavioral iqtisodiyotga xos yondashuvni — standart modellarni psixologik bilimlar bilan boyitish amaliyotini — shakllantirdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Bu rivojlanishlar keyingi o‘n yilliklarda sohaning asosiy iqtisodiyot doirasida kengroq qabul qilinishiga zamin yaratdi, shu bilan birga tadqiqotlar soni ortib, ta’lim tizimiga ham kiritila boshlandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://paulgp.com/speeches/thaler_2016_aea.pdf |title=Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future |publisher=American Economic Review |date=2016 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vaqt o‘tishi bilan behavioral yondashuvlar faqat individual tanlovdan tashqariga chiqib, siyosatni ishlab chiqishda ham qo‘llanila boshlandi; bunda iqtisodiy vositalar va institutlarning inson xulq-atvoriga ta’siri haqidagi dalillar muhim rol o‘ynadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w20318/w20318.pdf |title=Applying Insights from Behavioral Economics to Policy Design |publisher=National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) |date=2014 |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}[[Matematik psixologiya
{{manbalar}}]] afzalliklarning tranzitivligi va foydani o‘lchashga bo‘lgan uzoq muddatli qiziqishni aks ettiradi.{{sfn|Luce|2000}}

Uning mustaqil ilmiy yo‘nalish sifatida shakllanishi ilmiy tasniflash tizimlarida ham aks etgan bo‘lib, ularda behavioral iqtisodiyot alohida mavzu kategoriyasi sifatida ko‘rsatiladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php?view=jel |title=JEL Classification System / EconLit Subject Descriptors |publisher=American Economic Association |access-date=2026-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>William Nordhaus</title>
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      <text bytes="7122" sha1="fse08nrka356k4sc84v37vkcqu4e454" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
| name = William Nordhaus
| birth_name = William Dawbney Nordhaus
| tasvir = William Nordhaus EM1B6043 (46234132921).jpg
| izoh = Nordhaus Stokholmda, 2018-yil dekabr
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|5|31}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_78tAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Nordhaus,+William+Dawbney+%22+1941 |title=Biographical Directory of the Council of Economic Advisers |page=171 |date=2007 |access-date=2018-10-11|isbn=978-0313225543 |publisher=Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.) }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place = Albuquerque, [[New Mexico]], AQSh
| taʼlim = [[Yale universiteti]] (Bakalavr, Magistratura),
[[Sciences Po]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (PhD)
| awards = &quot;BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award&quot; (2017)
[[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2018)
| field = [[Atrof-muhit iqtisodiyoti]]
| workplaces = [[Yale universiteti]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Solow]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://library.mit.edu/item/000615215|title=PDS SSO|website=library.mit.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''William Dawbney Nordhaus''' (1941-yil 31-mayda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik iqtisodchi. U [[Yale universiteti]]ning Sterling iqtisodiyot professori boʻlgan, [[iqtisodiy model|iqtisodiy modellashtirish]] va iqlim oʻzgarishi sohasidagi ishlari bilan mashhur va 2018-yilgi [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ning hammuallifidir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last1 = Appelbaum | first1 = Binyamin | title = 2018 Nobel in Economics Awarded to William Nordhaus and Paul Romer | newspaper = The New York Times | date = October 8, 2018 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/business/economic-science-nobel-prize.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nordhaus mukofotni „iqlim oʻzgarishini uzoq muddatli makroiqtisodiy tahlilga integratsiya qilgani uchun“ olgan&lt;ref name=nobelpressrelease&gt;{{cite press release |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=October 8, 2018 |title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2018 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/10/press-economicsciences2018.pdf |publisher=Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Taʼlimi va faoliyati ==
Nordhaus Albuquerque, [[New Mexico]] shahrida tugʻilgan, Virginia (Riggs) va Robert J. Nordhausning oʻgʻli boʻlib, otasi „Sandia Peak Tramway“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://obits.abqjournal.com/obits/show/172069|title=Albuquerque Journal Obituaries|website=obits.abqjournal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/us/brothers-work-different-angles-in-taking-on-climate-change.html|title=Brothers Battle Climate Change on Two Fronts|newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 10, 2014 |last1=Davenport |first1=Coral }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sandiapeak.com/index.php?page=history-technology|title=Sandia Peak Ski &amp; Tramway – History &amp; Technology|website=sandiapeak.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Robert J. Nordhaus Germaniya yahudiy oilasidan edi — uning otasi Max Nordhaus (1865-1936) 1883-yilda [[Paderborn]]dan koʻchib kelgan va „The Charles Ilfeld Company“ kompaniyasining Albuquerque shahridagi filiali menejeri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Profile of William D. Nordhaus|first1=Regina|last1=Nuzzo|author1-link= Regina Nuzzo |date=June 27, 2006|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=103|issue=26|pages=9753–9755|doi=10.1073/pnas.0601306103|pmid=16803963|pmc=1502525|bibcode=2006PNAS..103.9753N|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTwqwB3952QC&amp;pg=PA109|title=Pioneer Jews: A New Life in the Far West|first1=Harriet|last1=Rochlin|first2=Fred|last2=Rochlin|date=2018|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0618001965}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Nordhaus „Phillips Academy“ni „Andover“da tamomlagan va keyinchalik [[Yale universiteti|Yale]]dan 1963-1972-yillarda mos ravishda Bakalavr va Magistr darajalarini olgan, bu yerda u „Skull and Bones“ aʼzosi boʻlgan&lt;ref name=NYT1964&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/03/archives/william-dawbney-nordhaus-will-marry-barbara-feise.html|title=William Dawbney Nordhaus Will Marry Barbara Feise|newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 3, 1964 |access-date=October 8, 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u „Institut d’Etudes Politiques“dan sertifikat (1962) va [[Massachusetts texnologiya instituti|MIT]]dan PhD (1967) darajasiga ega&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT1964&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thesis-nordhaus-1967&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/302275783 |title=A theory of endogenous technological change |date=1967 |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |type=Ph.D. |last1=Nordhaus |first1=William Dawbney |id={{ProQuest|302275783 }}|url-access=subscription |oclc=24679365}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Yale-page&gt;{{cite web|url=https://economics.yale.edu/people/william-d-nordhaus|title=William D. Nordhaus|publisher=Yale Department of Economics|website=economics.yale.edu|language=en|access-date=October 8, 2018|archive-date=February 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211030438/https://economics.yale.edu/people/william-d-nordhaus|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U 1970-1971-yillarda [[Cambridge]]ga tashrif buyurgan ilmiy xodim boʻlgan. U 1967-yildan beri Yaleda, ham Iqtisodiyot kafedrasida, ham Atrof-muhit maktabida professor sifatida faoliyat yuritib keladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Yale-page&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last1 = Harris | first1 = Richard | title = Economist Says Best Climate Fix A Tough Sell, But Worth It | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = National Public Radio | date = February 11, 2014 | url = https://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/271537401/economist-says-best-climate-fix-a-tough-sell-but-worth-it | access-date = October 1, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nordhaus shuningdek, 1986-yildan 1988-yilgacha uning provosti va 1992-yildan 1993-yilgacha moliya va maʼmuriyat boʻyicha vitse-prezidenti lavozimlarida ishlagan. U 1972-yildan beri „Brookings Iqtisodiy Faoliyat Paneli“da ishlaydi. [[Jimmy Carter|Karter]] maʼmuriyati davrida, 1977-yildan 1979-yilgacha, Nordhaus „Iqtisodiy maslahatchilar kengashi“ aʼzosi boʻlgan&lt;ref name=Yale-page/&gt;.

Nordhaus 2013-yilda Amerika falsafiy jamiyatiga aʼzo etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=william+nordhaus&amp;title=&amp;subject=&amp;subdiv=&amp;mem=&amp;year=&amp;year-max=&amp;dead=&amp;keyword=&amp;smode=advanced|access-date=2021-03-17|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U 2014-2015-yillar oraligʻida „Boston Federal rezerv banki“ direktorlar kengashining raisi sifatida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;YaleNews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.yale.edu/2018/10/08/yales-william-nordhaus-wins-2018-nobel-prize-economic-sciences|title=Yale's William Nordhaus wins 2018 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences|date=October 8, 2018|work=YaleNews|access-date=October 8, 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Nordhaus [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], [[Connecticut]] shahrida rafiqasi Barbara bilan yashaydi, Barbara ijtimoiy ishchi boʻlib, yaqinda Yale Bolalar tadqiqot markazidan nafaqaga chiqqan&lt;ref name=Yale-page/&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
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[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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    <title>Pulning miqdoriy nazariyasi</title>
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      <text bytes="11122" sha1="is1q5zikc8ogibxh1blw0j9qhidumjm" xml:space="preserve">{{Qisqa tavsif|Pul-kredit iqtisodiyotidagi nazariya}}

'''Pul miqdori nazariyasi''' (ko‘pincha '''QTM'''(Quantity theory of money) deb qisqartiriladi) — bu pul-kredit iqtisodiyotidagi gipoteza bo‘lib, u tovar va xizmatlarning umumiy narx darajasi muomaladagi pul miqdoriga (ya’ni [[pul massasi]]ga) bevosita proporsional ekanligini va sababiy bog‘liqlik puldan narxlarga tomon yo‘nalishini ta’kidlaydi. Bu nazariya inflyatsiyani tushuntirib berishi mumkinligini anglatadi. U XVI asrda paydo bo‘lgan va iqtisodiyotdagi eng qadimgi saqlanib qolgan nazariya sifatida e’tirof etilgan.

Ba’zi manbalarga ko‘ra, nazariya dastlab Uyg‘onish davri matematigi [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] tomonidan 1517 yilda shakllantirilgan, boshqalar esa '''Martín de Azpilcueta va Jean Bodinni''' nazariyaning mustaqil asoschilari sifatida tilga olishadi. Keyinchalik bu g‘oya [[John Locke]], [[David Hume]], [[Irving Fisher]] va [[Marshall Alfred]] kabi taniqli mutafakkir va iqtisodchilar tomonidan muhokama qilingan va rivojlantirilgan. [[Milton Friedman]] 1956 yilda nazariyani qayta bayon qilib, uni monetaristik fikrlashning asosiy tayanchlaridan biriga aylantirgan.

Nazariya ko‘pincha {{mvar|M}}{{mvar|V}} = {{mvar|P}}{{mvar|Y}} tenglamasi orqali ifodalanadi, bu yerda {{mvar|M}} — pul massasi, {{mvar|V}} — pul aylanish tezligi, {{mvar|P}}{{mvar|Y}} esa ishlab chiqarishning nominal qiymati yoki [[Yalpi ichki mahsulot]] (bu yerda {{mvar|P}} — [[narx indeksi]], {{mvar|Y}} esa real ishlab chiqarish hajmi). Ushbu tenglama almashinuv tenglamasi (equation of exchange) deb ataladi va u o‘z-o‘zidan bahsli emas, chunki u buxgalteriya identifikatsiyasi sifatida qaraladi va pul aylanish tezligini nominal ishlab chiqarishning pul massasiga nisbatidan kelib chiqib aniqlaydi. Qo‘shimcha ravishda {{mvar|Y}} ekzogen deb olinib, boshqa omillar tomonidan mustaqil aniqlanadi, {{mvar|V}} doimiy deb qabul qilinadi va {{mvar|M}} markaziy bank nazoratida ekzogen deb qaralsa, bu tenglama inflyatsiyani (vaqt davomida {{mvar|P}} o‘zgarishini) pul massasi o‘sish sur’ati orqali boshqarish mumkinligini aytuvchi nazariyaga aylanadi. Biroq bu uchala faraz ham bahsli bo‘lib, vaqt o‘tishi bilan tanqid qilingan. Ishlab chiqarish odatda pul-kredit siyosati tomonidan hech bo‘lmaganda vaqtinchalik ta’sirlanadi, pul aylanish tezligi esa pulga bo‘lgan talab funksiyasidagi o‘zgarishlar tufayli kutilmagan tarzda o‘zgarib kelgan, ba’zi iqtisodchilar esa pul massasi (Endogenous money)|ichki (endogen) tarzda belgilanadi va shu sababli monetar organlar tomonidan to‘liq nazorat qilinmaydi deb hisoblashadi.

Garchi u Pul miqdori nazariyasi deb atalgan bo‘lsa-da, [[James Tobin]] Milton Friedman bilan bahsida ta’kidlaganidek, uni Narxlar yoki Inflyatsiya miqdori nazariyasi deb atash to‘g‘riroq bo‘ladi, chunki u pul o‘sish sur’ati emas, balki inflyatsiya darajasi nazariyasidir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Milton Friedman's monetary framework : a debate with his critics / edited by Robert J. Gordon; Milton... {{!}} Catalogue {{!}} National Library of Australia |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/1895194
 |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=catalogue.nla.gov.au |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

QTM 1970–1980 yillarda pul-kredit siyosatida muhim rol o‘ynadi, chunki bir nechta markaziy banklar (jumladan Federal Reserve banki, Angliya banki va Bundesbanki) o‘z siyosatlarini pul massasi maqsadlariga asoslagan edi. Biroq natijalar qoniqarli bo‘lmadi va 1980–1990 yillarda pul agregatlariga asoslangan strategiyalar odatda tark etildi. Hozirda aksariyat markaziy banklar amalda inflyatsiya maqsadlash siyosatini foiz stavkalarini mos ravishda o‘zgartirish orqali olib boradi, pul agregatlari esa ko‘plab mamlakatlarda siyosat qarorlarida kam rol o‘ynaydi.

==Kelib chiqishi va rivojlanishi==

=== 1900 yilgacha: Ilk hissalar ===

Guanzi (dastlabki Han sulolasi davrida tuzilgan xitoy falsafiy va siyosiy matni)ning “davlat jamg‘armalari” (國蓄) bobida pul miqdori nazariyasining eng ilk ifodalaridan biri tasvirlangan deb hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|pages=160–161 |author=William N. Goetzmann |title=Money Changes Everything: How Finance Made Civilization Possible |publisher=Princeton University Press |date=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iqtisodiy tarixchi Mark Blaug pul miqdori nazariyasini “iqtisodiyotdagi eng qadimgi saqlanib qolgan nazariya” deb atagan va uning kelib chiqishini XVI asrga bog‘lagan.&lt;ref name=Dimand&gt;{{cite book|last1=Dimand |first1=Robert W. |chapter=Monetary Economics, History of |title=The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics |date=2016 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2721-1 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2721-1
 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-349-95121-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] 1517 yilda pul haddan tashqari ko‘p bo‘lsa, uning qiymati odatda pasayishini qayd etgan,&lt;ref&gt;Nicolaus Copernicus (1517), monetary policy memorandum.&lt;/ref&gt; bu ba’zi tarixchilar tomonidan nazariyaning ilk eslatilishi deb qaraladi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Volckart 1997&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Volckart|first=Oliver|title=Early beginnings of the quantity theory of money and their context in Polish and Prussian monetary policies, c. 1520–1550|journal=The Economic History Review|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|volume=50|issue=3|pages=430–49|year=1997|jstor=2599810|issn=0013-0117|doi=10.1111/1468-0289.00063}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation| last = Bieda| first = K.| title = Copernicus as an economist| journal = Economic Record| volume = 49| pages = 89–103| year = 1973| doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4932.1973.tb02270.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Robert Dimand ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics''dagi pul-kredit iqtisodiyoti tarixi bobida Martín de Azpilcueta (1536)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|language=en|last1=Decock|first1=Wim|chapter=Martin de Azpilcueta|title=Great Christian Jurists in Spanish History|series=Law and Christianity |editor1=R. Domingo|editor2=J. Martínez-Torrón|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2018|pages=126–127|isbn=978-1-108-44873-4 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/great-christian-jurists-in-spanish-history/martin-de-azpilcueta/4149F4F31247E36DDB5DDAB4AF0C13E4|url-access=subscription}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Grice-Hutchinson |first=Marjorie |title=The School of Salamanca; Readings in Spanish Monetary Theory, 1544–1605 |place=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon |year=1952}}&lt;/ref&gt; va Jean Bodin (1568)&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamilton&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Hamilton |first=Earl J. |title=American Treasure and the Price Revolution in Spain, 1501–1650 |place=New York |publisher=Octagon |date=1965 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ni Yevropaga Amerika qit’asidan kumush oqimi natijasida yuzaga kelgan va “Price Revolution” deb atalgan narxlarning to‘rt baravar oshishini tushuntirish uchun ishlatiladigan haqiqiy nazariyaning asoschilari sifatida ko‘rsatgan.&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt;

[[John Locke]] pul aylanish tezligini o‘rgangan,&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt; va David Hume 1752 yilda to‘lov balansi moslashuvlarini tushuntiruvchi narx-navo oqimi mexanizmi (price–specie flow mechanism)ni ishlab chiqishda pul miqdori nazariyasidan foydalangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation| last = Wennerlind| first = Carl| title = David Hume's monetary theory revisited| journal = Journal of Political Economy| volume = 113| issue = 1| pages = 233–37| year = 2005| doi=10.1086/426037| s2cid = 154458428}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt; Shuningdek Henry Thornton, [[John Stuart Mill]]&lt;ref&gt;John Stuart Mill (1848), ''Principles of Political Economy''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Volckart 1997&quot; /&gt; va Simon Newcomb&lt;ref&gt;Simon Newcomb (1885), ''Principles of Political Economy''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt; kabi olimlar ham nazariyani rivojlantirishga hissa qo‘shgan.

XIX asr davomida pul miqdori nazariyasining asosiy raqibi '''Haqiqiy veksellar ta’limoti(real bills doctrine)'''bo‘lib, unga ko‘ra yangi pul aktivlar evaziga chiqarilsa, narxlar oshmaydi.&lt;ref&gt;Roy Green (1987), &quot;real bills doctrine&quot;, in ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 4, pp. 101–02.&lt;/ref&gt; Bu yondashuvga ko‘ra pul taklifi pul talabiga mos ravishda passiv o‘zgaradi va puldan narxlarga sababiy ta’sir mavjud bo‘lmaydi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The Quantity Theory of Money: Its Historical Evolution and Role in Policy Debates |journal=Economic Review |date=May 1974}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1900–1950: Fisher, Wicksell, Marshall va Keynes ===

Mashhur iqtisodchi [[Irving Fisher]] Newcomb ishlariga tayangan holda nazariyani yanada rivojlantirib, “pul miqdori nazariyasining oltin davri” deb atalgan bosqichni boshlab berdi,&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt; almashinuv tenglamasi (equation of exchange)ni rasmiylashtirdi va pul aylanish tezligini empirik o‘lchashga urindi.&lt;ref&gt;Irving Fisher (1911), ''The Purchasing Power of Money''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt; Fisher uzoq muddatda pulning neytralligini ta’kidlagan, biroq o‘tish davrlarida (10 yilgacha) pul neytral bo‘lmasligini ham tan olgan.&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt;

Boshqa mashhur monetar iqtisodchi [[Knut Wicksell]] esa “sof kredit iqtisodiyoti” g‘oyasiga tayangan holda pul miqdori nazariyasini tanqid qilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://mises.org/books/interestprices.pdf|title=Interest
 and Prices|first=Knut |last=Wicksell|date=1898}}&lt;/ref&gt; U narx o‘zgarishlarining asosiy sababi sifatida real shoklarni ko‘rsatgan va markaziy banklar pul miqdorini emas, balki foiz stavkasini boshqarishi kerak degan fikrni ilgari surgan — bu yondashuv 21-asrda qayta dolzarb bo‘lib, Taylor rule da o‘z aksini topgan.&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt;

Neoklassik iqtisodchi [[ Marshall Alfred]] pul miqdori nazariyasini “naqd pul qoldiqlari (pul talabi) nominal daromadga proporsional” degan shaklda ifodalagan. Bu odatda {{math|''M'' {{=}} ''kPY''}} ko‘rinishida yoziladi, bu yerda {{mvar|k}} proporsionallik koeffitsienti. Bu (Cambridge equation) deb ataladi va pul miqdori nazariyasining varianti hisoblanadi.&lt;ref name=Dimand/&gt;

Marshallning shogirdi [[John Maynard Keynes]] esa bu tahlilni kengaytirib, uni 1936 yilda chop etilgan '''Bandlik, foiz va pulning umumiy nazariyasi(General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money)'''(Bandlik, foiz va pulning umumiy nazariyasi) asariga kiritdi va [[Keyns inqilobi]]ning asosiga aylantirdi. Keyns nazariyani uzoq muddatda to‘g‘ri deb qabul qilgan, lekin qisqa muddatda emas, 1923 yildagi '''A Tract on Monetary Reform'''(Pul islohoti haqida risola) asarida mashhur “uzoq muddatda biz hammamiz o‘lgan bo‘lamiz” degan iborani kiritgan.U pul talabini (likvidlik afzalligi) foiz stavkasi va nominal daromadga bog‘liq deb hisoblagan va pul massasi iqtisodiyotga kuchli ta’sir qilmaydi deb ta’kidlagan. Aksincha, pul o‘zgarishi real o‘zgaruvchilarga ham ta’sir qilishi mumkin deb qaragan.
Shu bilan birga, Keynes va uning izdoshlari pul-kredit siyosatini tan olgan bo‘lsa-da, amalda fiskal siyosatni muhimroq deb hisoblashgan va foiz stavkalarining talabga ta’siri zaif deb bilishgan. Keynesian paradigma 1970-yillargacha makroiqtisodiyotda ustun bo‘lib, pul siyosatiga kam e’tibor bergan.

== Manbalar ==
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    <title>Knut Wicksell</title>
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      <text bytes="7633" sha1="kvkl1t3e1y4mqc33vdd32oe03uj5pet" xml:space="preserve">'''Johan Gustaf Knut Wicksell''' (20-dekabr 1851 — 3-may 1926) — Shvetsiyalik [[iqtisodchi]], Stokgolm maktabi vakili edi. U &quot;Uppsala universiteti&quot; va &quot;Lund universiteti&quot;da professor boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Åkerman |first=Johan |date=1933 |title=Knut Wicksell, A Pioneer of Econometrics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907086
 |journal=Econometrica |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/1907086 |jstor=1907086 |issn=0012-9682 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2024-06-20 |access-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620121951/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907086
 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U aholi nazariyasi, qiymat, kapital va pul nazariyalariga hamda ekonometrika metodologiyasiga muhim hissalar qo‘shgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malinvaud |first=Edmond |date=2003 |title=Knut Wicksellning kapital nazariyasiga merosi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3441129
 |journal=The Scandinavian Journal of Economics |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=507–525 |doi=10.1111/j.0347-0520.2003.00001.x |jstor=3441129 |issn=0347-0520|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gårdlund |first=Torsten |date=1978 |title=Knut Wicksell hayoti va uning ishining ayrim xususiyatlari |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3439877
 |journal=The Scandinavian Journal of Economics |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=129–134 |doi=10.2307/3439877 |jstor=3439877 |issn=0347-0520 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2024-06-20 |access-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620121953/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3439877
 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning iqtisodiy qarashlari ham keynschilik, ham avstriya maktabiga ta’sir ko‘rsatgan. U taniqli feministik faol Anna Bugge bilan turmush qurgan.

== Ilk hayoti ==
Wicksell 1851-yil 20-dekabrda [[Stockholm|Stokgolm]]da tug‘ilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Uning otasi nisbatan muvaffaqiyatli tadbirkor va ko‘chmas mulk brokeri bo‘lgan. U yoshligida ota-onasidan ayrilgan: onasi u olti yoshida, otasi esa o‘n besh yoshida vafot etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Otasining katta merosi unga 1869-yilda Uppsala universitetiga kirib, matematika, astronomiya va fizika yo‘nalishlarida tahsil olish imkonini bergan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

== Ta’lim ==
U ikki yil ichida birinchi darajasini olgan va 1885-yilgacha aspiranturada o‘qigan, shu yili matematika bo‘yicha doktorlik darajasini olgan. 1887-yilda Wicksell qit’ada o‘qish uchun stipendiya olgan va Venada iqtisodchi [[Menger Karl]] ma’ruzalarini tinglagan. Keyingi yillarda uning qiziqishi asta-sekin ijtimoiy fanlar, xususan iqtisodiyotga o‘ta boshlagan.

== Ma’ruzachi ==
Uppsala universitetida ma’ruzachi sifatida Wicksell ishchilar masalasidagi fikrlari bilan e’tibor qozongan. U ba’zi ma’ruzalarida ichkilikbozlik va fohishalikni jamiyatni buzuvchi, qashshoqlik keltiruvchi omillar deb qoralagan. U ba’zan [[sotsializm]] bilan bog‘langan bo‘lsa-da, uning yechimi aniq '''Malthusian''' yo‘nalishda bo‘lib, u tug‘ilishni nazorat qilishni qo‘llab-quvvatlagan va umrining oxirigacha shu pozitsiyani himoya qilgan. Wicksell “qat’iy neo-maltuschi” deb ta’riflangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Carlson |first1=Benny |chapter=&quot;Too Bad to Be True&quot;: Swedish Economists on Keynes's The Economic Consequences of the Peace and German Reparations, 1919–29 |date=2024 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/keyness-economic-consequences-of-the-peace-after-100-years/too-bad-to-be-true-swedish-economists-on-keyness-the-economic-consequences-of-the-peace-and-german-reparations-191929/90FB3B3D24DD9F2BE9E1DBEC9D93F74D
 |title=Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace after 100 Years: Polemics and Policy |pages=99–129 |editor-last=Tooze |editor-first=Adam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009407540.006 |isbn=978-1009407557 |last2=Jonung |first2=Lars |editor2-last=Corsetti |editor2-first=Giancarlo |editor3-last=Obstfeld |editor3-first=Maurice |editor4-last=Clavin |editor4-first=Patricia|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning keskin fikrlari e’tibor tortgan bo‘lsa-da, uning iqtisodiyotdagi ilk asari — ''Qiymat, kapital va renta(Value, Capital and Rent)'' (1892) deyarli e’tiborsiz qolgan. 1896-yilda u ''Davlat moliyasi nazariyasi bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar(Studies in the theory of Public Finance)'' asarini nashr etib, unda [[Marjinalizm]] g‘oyalarini progressiv soliqqa tortish, davlat tovarlari va boshqa davlat siyosati masalalariga tatbiq qilgan va ko‘proq e’tibor qozongan.

O‘sha davrda Shvetsiyada iqtisodiyot huquq fakulteti tarkibida o‘qitilganligi sababli, Wicksell professorlik lavozimini olish uchun huquq diplomi olishga majbur bo‘lgan. Shu sababli u Uppsala universitetiga qaytib, odatdagi to‘rt yillik huquq kursini ikki yilda tugatgan va 1899-yilda shu universitetda dotsent bo‘lgan. Keyingi yili u Lund universitetida to‘liq professor bo‘lgan va eng ta’sirli ishlarini aynan shu yerda amalga oshirgan.

== Keyingi hayoti ==
1916-yilda u Lunddagi lavozimidan nafaqaga chiqqan va Stokgolmda hukumatga moliya va bank masalalari bo‘yicha maslahat beruvchi lavozimga o‘tgan. U Stokgolmda keyinchalik “Stokgolm maktabi” deb atalgan iqtisodchilar bilan, jumladan [[Bertil Ohlin]], [[Gunnar Myrdal]] va '''Erik Lindahl''' bilan hamkorlik qilgan. Shuningdek, u kelajakda BMT Bosh kotibi bo‘ladigan yosh [[Dag Hammarskjöld]]ga dars bergan.

Wicksell 1926-yilda yakuniy asarini — foiz nazariyasi bo‘yicha kitobini yozayotgan paytda vafot etgan.

== Asarlar ==
Wicksell [[Leon Valras]] (Lausanne maktabi), [[Byombaverk Eygen]] (Avstriya maktabi) va [[David Ricardo]] g‘oyalariga qiziqqan va ularni sintez qilishga harakat qilgan. Uning ishlari uni “iqtisodchilar iqtisodchisi” degan obro‘ga ega qilgan. Masalan, u ishlab chiqarish omillariga to‘lovlar ularning chegaraviy mahsuldorligiga tenglashadi degan '''marjinal unumdorlik nazariyasi(marginal productivity theory)'''ni sodda va kuchli shaklda isbotlab bergan.

Uning 1898 va 1906-yillardagi “kumulyativ jarayon” ('''cumulative process''') nazariyasi inflyatsiyani tushuntirishda va pulning “parda” (veil) sifatidagi qarashni tanqid qilishda muhim o‘rin tutadi.

Ricardo g‘oyalaridan kelib chiqib, Wicksell iqtisodiyot to‘liq erkin bo‘lsa ham boylik teng taqsimlanmasligini ta’kidlagan. Uning fikricha, o‘sish natijasidagi boylik avvaldan boy bo‘lganlarga ko‘proq foyda keltiradi. Shu asosda u davlat aralashuvi zarurligini himoya qilgan va konstitutsiyaviy siyosiy iqtisod rivojiga ta’sir ko‘rsatgan. Uning 1896-yildagi ''Moliyaviy nazariy tadqiqotlar(Finanztheoretische Untersuchungen)'' asari siyosiy qarorlar qabul qilish qoidalarining ahamiyatini ta’kidlab, islohotlar faqat “qoidalarni” o‘zgartirish orqali amalga oshirilishi kerakligini ilgari surgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Ludwig|first=Van den Hauwe|title=Public Choice, Constitutional Political Economy and Law and Economics|journal=Encyclopedia of Law and Economics|year=1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Wicksellning eng muhim hissalaridan biri uning 1898-yilda chop etilgan ''Foiz va narxlar'' (''Interest and Prices'') asarida bayon qilingan foiz nazariyasidir. Unda u „tabiiy foiz stavkasi“ tushunchasini kiritib, uni narxlar barqaror boʻlib turadigan darajadagi foiz stavkasi sifatida izohlagan. Agar bozor foiz stavkasi tabiiy stavkadan past boʻlsa, inflyatsiya yuzaga keladi, aksincha yuqori boʻlsa, deflyatsiya kuzatiladi. Shu orqali Wicksell iqtisodiyotda muvozanatni taʼminlash uchun foiz stavkalari muhim rol oʻynashini koʻrsatgan.

== Manbalar ==
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    <title>Erik Lindahl</title>
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      <text bytes="5533" sha1="e8hd6dmiuutsxc7j37jj0pa0u2etuuz" xml:space="preserve">'''Erik Lindahl''' (21-noyabr 1891 – 6-yanvar 1960) — shved iqtisodchisi edi. U 1942–58 yillarda '''Uppsala universiteti'''da iqtisod professori bo‘lgan va 1956–59 yillarda '''International Economic Association'''(Xalqaro iqtisodiy assotsiatsiya) prezidenti bo‘lib ishlagan. Shuningdek, u Shvetsiya hukumati va markaziy bankiga maslahatchi bo‘lgan hamda 1943 yilda [[Shvetsiya qirollik fanlar akademiyasi]] a’zosi etib saylangan. Lindahl jamoat tovarlarini moliyalashtirish masalasini individual foyda asosida taqsimlash g‘oyasini ilgari surgan. Jamoat tovarining optimal miqdori umumiy chegaraviy foyda uning ta’minlanishining chegaraviy xarajatiga teng bo‘lganda hosil bo‘ladi.

Lindahlning iqtisodiy nazariyaga qo‘shgan hissasi uning Wicksell an’analaridan tashqariga chiqib, zamonaviy neo-valrasian nazariyaning ko‘p qismini o‘z ichiga oladi. Uning ketma-ket iqtisodlar va vaqtlararo muvozanat (1929, 1930) haqidagi formulasi bu yo‘nalishdagi birinchi qat’iy urinish hisoblanadi. Kapital nazariyasini vaqtlararo shaklda (1929, 1939) ifodalashi Malinvaudning (1953) mashhur yondashuvini oldindan bashorat qilgan. Uning g‘oyalari ingliz tilida [[John Hicks]] (1939, 1965) va [[Friedrich Hayek]] (1941) tomonidan keng tarqatilgan. Keyinchalik uning “ketma-ket tahlil” ishlari [[Frank Hahn]] (1973) va [[Roy Radner]] (1972) ishlari orqali yanada rivojlantirilgan. Lindahlning 1919 yildagi jamoat tovarlari narxlash yechimi zamonaviy iqtisodiyotga '''Duncan Foley''' (1970) tomonidan qayta kiritilgan.

== Iqtisodiy tahlilga qo‘shgan hissasi ==
'''Lindahl tax''' — bu soliq turi bo‘lib, unda har bir shaxs jamoat tovarlari uchun o‘zining '''chegaraviy foyda'''siga qarab to‘laydi. Ya’ni, ular qo‘shimcha jamoat tovari birligidan oladigan qoniqish yoki (utility) darajasiga qarab to‘lov qiladi.

Bu usul har bir shaxsning iqtisodiyotdagi umumiy soliq yukidagi ulushi sifatida qaralishi mumkin. Jamoat tovarining optimal darajasi — barcha individlarning bir qo‘shimcha birlik uchun to‘lashga tayyorliklari yig‘indisi uning ta’minlash chegaraviy xarajatiga teng bo‘lgan nuqtadir. Lindahl solig‘i esa ushbu optimal miqdor bilan shu nuqtadagi to‘lashga tayyorlik darajasining ko‘paytmasi sifatida ifodalanadi.

Erik Lindahl bu g‘oyani chuqur ravishda [[Knut Wicksell]] ta’siri ostida ishlab chiqqan va jamoat tovarlarini moliyalashtirishning konsensus asosidagi usulini ko‘rsatishga harakat qilgan. Odamlar turlicha bo‘lgani uchun ularning afzalliklari ham turlicha bo‘ladi va konsensus har bir shaxsning har bir xizmat uchun turlicha soliq to‘lashini talab qiladi. Agar har bir shaxsning “narxi” uning ideal xizmat darajasidagi chegaraviy foydasiga tenglashtirilsa, jamoat tovari ta’minoti har bir kishi uchun foydali bo‘ladi va u bu darajaga rozilik bildirishi mumkin.

=== Lindahl muvozanati ===
Lindahl muvozanati — bu iqtisodiy muvozanat holati bo‘lib, unda har bir shaxs to‘laydigan umumiy birlik narxi jamoat tovarining umumiy birlik xarajatiga teng bo‘ladi. Bu muvozanat jamoat tovarlarini optimal ta’minlash darajasini aniqlash usuli sifatida ham qaraladi. Turli sharoitlarda bu muvozanat mavjudligi isbotlanishi mumkin.&lt;ref name=&quot;u.arizona.edu&quot;&gt;Mark Walker, [http://www.u.arizona.edu/~mwalker/11_PublicGoods/LindahlEquilibrium.pdf
 &quot;Lindahl Equilibrium&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421162952/http://www.u.arizona.edu/~mwalker/11_PublicGoods/LindahlEquilibrium.pdf
 |date=2018-04-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lindahl muvozanati muhimligi shundaki, u '''Samuelson condition'''ni qanoatlantiradi va shuning uchun [[Pareto samaradorligi|Pareto samarador]] hisoblanadi,&lt;ref name=&quot;u.arizona.edu&quot; /&gt; garchi u jamoat tovari bo‘lsa ham. Shuningdek, u iqtisodiyotda individuallashtirilgan narxlar orqali samaradorlikka erishish mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi. Bu narxlar har bir shaxsning jamoat tovariga bergan bahosini uning xarajati bilan tenglashtiradi.&lt;ref name=&quot;google1&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=H0IQ0PKZ4WYC&amp;dq=lindahl+tax&amp;pg=PA103
 ''Equity: In Theory and Practice''], p. 103.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Erik Lindahlning asosiy asarlari ==

Soliqqa tortishning adolatliligi, 1919 (Die Gerechtigkeit der Besteuerung)
Soliqqa tortish nazariyasidagi ba’zi munozarali savollar (Some Controversial Questions in the Theory of Taxation)
Pul-kredit siyosatining ko‘lami va vositalari, 2 jild, 1929 (Scope and Means of Monetary Policy)
“Kapitalning narx nazariyasidagi o‘rni” (The Place of Capital in the Theory of Price)
Pul-kredit siyosati usullari, 1930 (Methods of Monetary Policy)
“Daromad tushunchasi” (The Concept of Income)
“Dinamik narx belgilash muammosi bo‘yicha eslatma” (A Note on the Dynamic Pricing Problem)
“Byudjetni muvozanatlash muammosi” (The Problem of Balancing the Budget)
Pul va kapital nazariyasi bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar, 1939 (Studies in the Theory of Money and Capital)
“Dinamik nazariyadagi metodologik savollar” (Metodfragor inom den dynamiska teorien)
“Urushdan keyingi Shvetsiyaning pul-kredit siyosati va soliq siyosati” (Sweden's Monetary Policy and Tax Policy After the War)
“Inflyatsiya muammosining ba’zi jihatlari” (Some Aspects of the Inflation Problem)
“Keynsning iqtisodiy tizimi haqida” (On Keynes's Economic System)
“Milliy hisobning asosiy tushunchasi” (Basic Concept of National Accounting)


== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==

Lindahlning ishlari

[[Category:Swedish economists]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]</text>
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    <title>Keyns inqilobi</title>
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Keynes 1933.jpg|thumb|250px|John Maynard Keynes]]
{{wikiquote}}
'''Keynesiy inqilob''' umumiy iqtisodiyotda bandlik darajalarini belgilovchi omillar haqidagi iqtisodiy nazariyaning tubdan qayta ko‘rib chiqilishi kerak edi. Bu inqilob o‘sha davrdagi hukmron iqtisodiy tizim — ya’ni [[Neoklassik iqtisodiy nazariya]]ga qarshi yo‘naltirilgan edi.

Keynsning inqilobning dastlabki bosqichi 1936-yilda [[John Maynard Keynes]]ning Umumiy nazariya(''General Theory)'' asari nashr etilganidan keyingi yillarda yuz berdi. Unda [[Bandlik]] haqidagi neoklassik tushuncha o‘rniga Keynsning qarashi — ya’ni bandlik darajasini belgilovchi asosiy omil taklif emas, balki talab ekanligi ilgari surildi. Bu Keyns va uning tarafdorlariga hukumatlar jiddiy ishsizlikni kamaytirish uchun aralashishi kerakligini asoslash imkonini berdi. 1937-yildan keyin Keyns nazariy bahslarda kam qatnashgani sababli, uning g‘oyalarini eski tizim bilan uyg‘unlashtirish jarayoni tez boshlandi va natijada [[Neoklassik iqtisodiy nazariya]] — ya’ni neoklassik iqtisodiyot va Keyns iqtisodiyot aralashmasi vujudga keldi. Bu maktablarning qo‘shilishi [[Neoklassik iqtisodiy nazariya]] deb ataladi va Neo-Keynsiy iqtisodiyot “makroiqtisodda Keynsiy, mikroiqtisodda neoklassik” deb tavsiflanadi.

== Tarixiy kontekst ==
Inqilob asosan iqtisodiy qarashlarning o‘zgarishi va yagona nazariy asos yaratish bilan bog‘liq edi — Keyns ilgari surgan ko‘plab g‘oyalar va siyosiy tavsiyalar XIX asr iqtisodiyotidagi  maktabida ham mavjud edi, shuningdek 1930-yillardagi AQShda Keynsiy nazariy asos bo‘lmasdan ham ayrim davlat rag‘batlantirish choralaridan foydalanilgan.

Asosiy siyosiy o‘zgarish shundan iborat ediki, hukumat harakati [[Ishsizlik]] darajasini o‘zgartirishi mumkinligi ilgari surildi. Bu [[defitsit xarajatlar]](deficit spending) ([[fiscal stimulus]]) — ya’ni davlat xarajatlarini oshirish (masalan, [[jamoat ishlari]] yoki soliqlarni kamaytirish) hamda foiz stavkalari va pul massasini o‘zgartirish ([[Pul-kredit siyosati]]) orqali amalga oshirilishi mumkin edi. Bungacha hukmron bo‘lgan qarash — ('''Xazina ko‘rinishi''') — hukumat ishsizlik darajasiga ta’sir qila olmaydi deb hisoblagan.

Inqilobning asosiy sababi [[Buyuk depressiya]] iqtisodiy inqirozi va 1936-yilda [[John Maynard Keynes]] tomonidan yozilgan '''Bandlik, foiz va pulning umumiy nazariyasi''' asari bo‘ldi. Keyinchalik bu nazariya [[John Hicks]] tomonidan neoklassik shaklga keltirildi, ayniqsa '''IS/LM model''' orqali. Bu sintez AQSh universitetlarida [[Paul Samuelson]]ning ''[[Iqtisodiyot (fan)]]'' darsligi orqali keng tarqaldi va Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi davrda iqtisodiy tafakkurda ustunlik qildi. “Keynesiy inqilob” atamasi 1947-yilda amerikalik iqtisodchi [[Lawrence Klein]] tomonidan ishlatilgan.

Keynesiy inqilob turli yo‘nalishlarda tanqid qilingan: ba’zi maktablar, ayniqsa yangisuv iqtisodiyot('''freshwater economics)''' va Avstriya iqtisodiyot maktabi('''Austrian school of economics)''' uni noto‘g‘ri deb hisoblaydi, boshqalar esa, xususan '''Post-Keynesian iqtisodiyoti''', bu inqilob Keyns g‘oyalarini to‘liq aks ettirmagan deb hisoblaydi.

== Bandlik nazariyasi ==
Keynesiy inqilobning markaziy jihati — iqtisodiyotda bandlik darajasini belgilovchi omillar haqidagi nazariyaning o‘zgarishidir. Bu inqilob [[Klassik siyosiy iqtisod maktablari]] va uning davomchisi [[Neoklassik iqtisodiy nazariya]]ga qarshi chiqdi. Ushbu nazariyalarga ko‘ra, Sey qonuni asosida erkin bozor o‘z-o‘zidan To'liq bandlik holatiga keladi va davlat aralashuvi kerak emas.

Bu qarashga ko‘ra, ish beruvchilar barcha ishchilarni ishga olishi mumkin, agar ishchilar ish haqi talabini kamaytirsalar. Klassik iqtisodiyotda esa ishchilar mantiqan kamroq ish haqiga ham rozi bo‘lishadi, chunki ular ishsiz qolishni xohlamaydi.

Keynes esa Sey qonuni va insonlar doimo ratsional qaror qiladi degan fikrni soddalashtirilgan va noto‘g‘ri deb hisoblagan. Uning fikricha, klassik iqtisodiyot faqat maxsus holatlarni tushuntira oladi. Keynesiy inqilob natijasida bandlik taklifga emas, balki talabga bog‘liq degan qarash shaklland</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alvin Eliot Roth</title>
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      <text bytes="7530" sha1="ljbek5pltz982pen5qu3v3t382364k3" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| name = Alvin Roth
| rasmi = Alvin E. Roth 3 2012.jpg
| sarlavha = Rot 2012-yilda
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1951|12|18}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[New York City]], Nyu-York, AQSh
| death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|mf=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (o‘lim sanasi keyin tug‘ilgan sana) --&gt;
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| soha = [[O‘yinlar nazariyasi]], bozor dizayni, eksperimental iqtisodiyot
| hissasi = Bozor dizayni
| mukofotlar =  Frederick W. Lanchester mukofoti (1990)
[[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2012)
Oltin gʻoz mukofoti (2013)
Milliy fanlar akademiyasi aʼzosi (2013)
}}

'''Alvin Eliot Roth''' (1951-yil 18-dekabrda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik akademik. U [[Stanford universiteti]]ning Kreyg va Syuzan Makkaw iqtisodiyot professori va [[Harvard universiteti]]ning iqtisodiyot va biznes boshqaruvi boʻyicha Gund professor emeritusidir&lt;ref name=&quot;AlRothspage&quot;&gt;[http://www.stanford.edu/~alroth/ Al Roth’s Game Theory, Experimental Economics, and Market Design Page] (qaraldi 2013-27-04).&lt;/ref&gt;. U 2017-yilda „Amerika iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi“ prezidenti boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/leadership/officers/past-officers/presidents Past Presidents]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Roth [[o‘yinlar nazariyasi]], bozor dizayni va eksperimental iqtisodiyot sohalariga muhim hissa qoʻshgan va iqtisodiy nazariyani „real dunyo“ muammolarining yechimlariga qoʻllashga boʻlgan urgʻusi bilan tanilgan&lt;ref&gt;Susan Adams, [https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0809/opinions-harvard-alvin-roth-freakonomics-ideas-opinions.html „Un-Freakonomics: A Harvard professor uses economics to save lives, assign doctors and get kids into the right high school.“] ''[[Forbes]]'', August 9, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Leon Neyfakh, [https://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/04/03/the_matchmaker/?page=full „The Matchmaker: The Harvard economist who stopped just studying the world and began trying to fix it“], ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', April 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;.

2012-yilda u [[Lloyd Shapley]] bilan birgalikda „barqaror taqsimotlar nazariyasi va bozor dizayni amaliyoti uchun“ [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ni qoʻlga kiritdi&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2012/ The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012], [[Nobel mukofoti]] rasmiy sayti (qaraldi 2012-10-15).&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
[[File:Al Roth, Sydney Ideas lecture 2012c.jpg|thumb|240 px|Sidney Ideas maʼruzasi 2012-yil]]
Alvin Rot [[Nyu-York shahri]]ning [[Kuins]] tumanida Ernest va Lillian Rot oilasida tugʻilgan, ikkalasi ham [[davlat maktabi|davlat oʻrta maktabi]] [[o‘qituvchi]]lari va [[yahudiylar|yahudiy]] edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alvin Roth |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/alvin-roth |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Rot akasi Ted Rotga ergashib [[Columbia universiteti]]ning „Science Honors“ dasturida qatnashdi, bu dastur oʻrta maktab va yuqori sinf oʻquvchilariga shanba kunlari darslar taklif qilgan va oʻrta maktabni tamomlamagan holda 1968-yil kuzida 16 yoshida Kolumbiyaning muhandislik maktabiga oʻqishga kirdi.

Roth [[Columbia universiteti]]ning muhandislik va amaliy fanlar maktabini 1971-yilda „Operatsiyalarni tadqiq qilish“ boʻyicha bakalavr darajasi bilan tamomlagan. Keyin u [[Stanford universiteti]]ga koʻchib oʻtdi va u yerda 1973-1974-yillarda mos ravishda magistr va PhD darajalarini ham operatsiyalarni tadqiq qilish boʻyicha oldi&lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg&quot;&gt;Niklas Magnusson and Josiane Kremer, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-15/roth-shapley-share-2012-nobel-economics-prize-academy-says.html Roth, Shapley Win Nobel Economics Prize for Matching Theory&quot;], [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg.com]], October 15, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Stanfordni tark etgach, Roth Illinoys Urbana–Shampeyn universitetida dars berishni davom ettirdi va 1982-yilda Pittsburg universitetining Endryu V. Mellon iqtisodiyot professori boʻlish uchun uni tark etdi. Pittsburgda boʻlgan vaqtida u universitetning Falsafasi fanlari markazida ilmiy xodim va Katz magistratura biznes maktabida professor sifatida ham ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/12289/1269336-298.stm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121181108/http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/12289/1269336-298.stm | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 21, 2018 | title=Professor with Pitt ties wins Nobel economics prize | first=Eleanor | last=Chute | newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=October 15, 2012 | access-date=October 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda Roth Harvard fakultetiga qoʻshilish uchun ketdi&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;[http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&amp;facEmId=aroth Alvin E. Roth Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618052939/http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&amp;facEmId=aroth |date=2008-06-18 }} Faculty and Research. Accessed on June 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt; va 2012-yilda Stanfordga qaytishga qaror qilgunga qadar u yerda qoldi&lt;ref&gt;Katherine Mangan, [http://chronicle.com/article/Stanford-Lures-3-Top/132317/ „Stanford Lures Alvin Roth and 2 Other Economists From Harvard“], ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'', June 18, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda u Stanford fakultetining toʻliq aʼzosi boʻldi va Harvardda emeritus maqomini oldi&lt;ref name=&quot;AlRothspage&quot;/&gt;.

Roth Alfred P. Sloan stipendiati, Guggenheim stipendiati va Amerika sanʼat va fanlar akademiyasi aʼzosidir&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gf.org/rfellow.html John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation R Fellows Page] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807173707/http://www.gf.org/rfellow.html |date=August 7, 2008 }}''. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.amacad.org/pdfs/alpha_list.pdf Members of the Academy of Arts &amp; Sciences] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625151930/http://www.amacad.org/pdfs/alpha_list.pdf |date=June 25, 2008 }}'' (October 2007). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u „Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi“ (NBER) va „Ekonometrik jamiyat“ aʼzosidir&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.econometricsociety.org/fellows.asp Fellows of the Econometric Society] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210090215/http://www.econometricsociety.org/fellows.asp |date=December 10, 2008 }}'' (March 2008). Econometric Society. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.nber.org/people/alvin_roth Alvin E. Roth]''. National Bureau of Economic Research. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda Roth, Shapley va Devid Geyl bozor dizayni boʻyicha ishlari uchun Oltin gʻoz mukofotini qoʻlga kiritdilar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Market Design | url=http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21ogw2 | publisher=The Golden Goose Award | access-date=2015-05-27 | archive-date=2016-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216161326/http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21ogw2 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Rothning hujjatlari toʻplami Dyuk universitetining „Rubenstein“ kutubxonasida saqlanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/rothalvin/ |title=Alvin Roth Papers |publisher=Rubenstein Library, Duke University |access-date=2016-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:34:20Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
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      <text bytes="7515" sha1="66xcik97t453xzugbavnlk44q4dnd4y" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| name = Alvin Roth
| rasmi = Alvin E. Roth 3 2012.jpg
| sarlavha = Rot 2012-yilda
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1951|12|18}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[New York City]], Nyu-York, AQSh
| death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|mf=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (o‘lim sanasi keyin tug‘ilgan sana) --&gt;
| death_place =
| soha = [[O‘yinlar nazariyasi]], bozor dizayni, eksperimental iqtisodiyot
| hissasi = Bozor dizayni
| mukofotlar =  Frederick W. Lanchester mukofoti (1990), [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2012), Oltin gʻoz mukofoti (2013), Milliy fanlar akademiyasi aʼzosi (2013)
}}

'''Alvin Eliot Roth''' (1951-yil 18-dekabrda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik akademik. U [[Stanford universiteti]]ning Kreyg va Syuzan Makkaw iqtisodiyot professori va [[Harvard universiteti]]ning iqtisodiyot va biznes boshqaruvi boʻyicha Gund professor emeritusidir&lt;ref name=&quot;AlRothspage&quot;&gt;[http://www.stanford.edu/~alroth/ Al Roth’s Game Theory, Experimental Economics, and Market Design Page] (qaraldi 2013-27-04).&lt;/ref&gt;. U 2017-yilda „Amerika iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi“ prezidenti boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/leadership/officers/past-officers/presidents Past Presidents]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Roth [[o‘yinlar nazariyasi]], bozor dizayni va eksperimental iqtisodiyot sohalariga muhim hissa qoʻshgan va iqtisodiy nazariyani „real dunyo“ muammolarining yechimlariga qoʻllashga boʻlgan urgʻusi bilan tanilgan&lt;ref&gt;Susan Adams, [https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0809/opinions-harvard-alvin-roth-freakonomics-ideas-opinions.html „Un-Freakonomics: A Harvard professor uses economics to save lives, assign doctors and get kids into the right high school.“] ''[[Forbes]]'', August 9, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Leon Neyfakh, [https://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/04/03/the_matchmaker/?page=full „The Matchmaker: The Harvard economist who stopped just studying the world and began trying to fix it“], ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', April 3, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;.

2012-yilda u [[Lloyd Shapley]] bilan birgalikda „barqaror taqsimotlar nazariyasi va bozor dizayni amaliyoti uchun“ [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ni qoʻlga kiritdi&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2012/ The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012], [[Nobel mukofoti]] rasmiy sayti (qaraldi 2012-10-15).&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
[[File:Al Roth, Sydney Ideas lecture 2012c.jpg|thumb|240 px|Sidney Ideas maʼruzasi 2012-yil]]
Alvin Rot [[Nyu-York shahri]]ning [[Kuins]] tumanida Ernest va Lillian Rot oilasida tugʻilgan, ikkalasi ham [[davlat maktabi|davlat oʻrta maktabi]] [[o‘qituvchi]]lari va [[yahudiylar|yahudiy]] edi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alvin Roth |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/alvin-roth |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Rot akasi Ted Rotga ergashib [[Columbia universiteti]]ning „Science Honors“ dasturida qatnashdi, bu dastur oʻrta maktab va yuqori sinf oʻquvchilariga shanba kunlari darslar taklif qilgan va oʻrta maktabni tamomlamagan holda 1968-yil kuzida 16 yoshida Kolumbiyaning muhandislik maktabiga oʻqishga kirdi.

Roth [[Columbia universiteti]]ning muhandislik va amaliy fanlar maktabini 1971-yilda „Operatsiyalarni tadqiq qilish“ boʻyicha bakalavr darajasi bilan tamomlagan. Keyin u [[Stanford universiteti]]ga koʻchib oʻtdi va u yerda 1973-1974-yillarda mos ravishda magistr va PhD darajalarini ham operatsiyalarni tadqiq qilish boʻyicha oldi&lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg&quot;&gt;Niklas Magnusson and Josiane Kremer, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-15/roth-shapley-share-2012-nobel-economics-prize-academy-says.html Roth, Shapley Win Nobel Economics Prize for Matching Theory&quot;], [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg.com]], October 15, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Stanfordni tark etgach, Roth Illinoys Urbana–Shampeyn universitetida dars berishni davom ettirdi va 1982-yilda Pittsburg universitetining Endryu V. Mellon iqtisodiyot professori boʻlish uchun uni tark etdi. Pittsburgda boʻlgan vaqtida u universitetning Falsafasi fanlari markazida ilmiy xodim va Katz magistratura biznes maktabida professor sifatida ham ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/12289/1269336-298.stm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121181108/http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/12289/1269336-298.stm | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 21, 2018 | title=Professor with Pitt ties wins Nobel economics prize | first=Eleanor | last=Chute | newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=October 15, 2012 | access-date=October 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda Roth Harvard fakultetiga qoʻshilish uchun ketdi&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;[http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&amp;facEmId=aroth Alvin E. Roth Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618052939/http://drfd.hbs.edu/fit/public/facultyInfo.do?facInfo=bio&amp;facEmId=aroth |date=2008-06-18 }} Faculty and Research. Accessed on June 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt; va 2012-yilda Stanfordga qaytishga qaror qilgunga qadar u yerda qoldi&lt;ref&gt;Katherine Mangan, [http://chronicle.com/article/Stanford-Lures-3-Top/132317/ „Stanford Lures Alvin Roth and 2 Other Economists From Harvard“], ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'', June 18, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda u Stanford fakultetining toʻliq aʼzosi boʻldi va Harvardda emeritus maqomini oldi&lt;ref name=&quot;AlRothspage&quot;/&gt;.

Roth Alfred P. Sloan stipendiati, Guggenheim stipendiati va Amerika sanʼat va fanlar akademiyasi aʼzosidir&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gf.org/rfellow.html John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation R Fellows Page] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807173707/http://www.gf.org/rfellow.html |date=August 7, 2008 }}''. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.amacad.org/pdfs/alpha_list.pdf Members of the Academy of Arts &amp; Sciences] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625151930/http://www.amacad.org/pdfs/alpha_list.pdf |date=June 25, 2008 }}'' (October 2007). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, u „Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi“ (NBER) va „Ekonometrik jamiyat“ aʼzosidir&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.econometricsociety.org/fellows.asp Fellows of the Econometric Society] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210090215/http://www.econometricsociety.org/fellows.asp |date=December 10, 2008 }}'' (March 2008). Econometric Society. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.nber.org/people/alvin_roth Alvin E. Roth]''. National Bureau of Economic Research. Accessed on July 6, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yilda Roth, Shapley va Devid Geyl bozor dizayni boʻyicha ishlari uchun Oltin gʻoz mukofotini qoʻlga kiritdilar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Market Design | url=http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21ogw2 | publisher=The Golden Goose Award | access-date=2015-05-27 | archive-date=2016-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216161326/http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/zfh0utmzft7uewzc3lscuvdp21ogw2 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Rothning hujjatlari toʻplami Dyuk universitetining „Rubenstein“ kutubxonasida saqlanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/rothalvin/ |title=Alvin Roth Papers |publisher=Rubenstein Library, Duke University |access-date=2016-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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    <title>Leonid Hurwicz</title>
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| ismi = Leonid Hurwicz
| rasmi = Leonid Hurwicz (cropped).jpg
| sarlavha = Hurwicz 2005-yilda
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date|1917|08|21}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[Moskva]], [[Rossiya Respublikasi]]
| vafot_sanasi = {{Death date and age|2008|06|24|1917|08|21}}
| vafot-joyi = [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], AQSh
| alma_mater = [[Varshava universiteti]]
Xalqaro tadqiqotlar oliy instituti
| hissasi = [[Mexanizm dizayni]]
| mukofotlar = Milliy fan medali (1990)
[[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2007)
}}

'''Leonid Hurwicz''' (1917-yil 21-avgust – 2008-yil 24-iyun) polshalik-amerikalik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[matematik]] bo‘lib, [[o‘yinlar nazariyasi]] va mexanizm dizayni sohasidagi ishlari bilan tanilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fau.edu/library/nobel90.htm |title=American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize |access-date=2009-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009091748/http://www.fau.edu/library/nobel90.htm |archive-date=2011-10-09 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Hurwicz.html|title=Leonid Hurwicz|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U rag‘batlantirish muvofiqligi tushunchasini yaratdi va kerakli natijalarga rag‘batlantirish muvofiq mexanizm dizayni orqali qanday erishish mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi. Hurwicz mexanizm dizayni bo‘yicha asosiy ishi uchun 2007-yilgi [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ni (Erik Maskin va Rodger Myerson bilan birgalikda) qo‘lga kiritdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Ohlin&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author=Ohlin, Pia | title=US trio wins Nobel Economics Prize | url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g-Ap2F1rTjpjzCLo_mDAPxlITS7w | date=15 October 2007 | work=Agence France Presse | access-date=2007-10-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017022746/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g-Ap2F1rTjpjzCLo_mDAPxlITS7w | archive-date=17 October 2007 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hurwicz 90 yoshida mukofotni olgan eng keksa Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlaridan biri edi.

Hurwicz Polshada tahsil olgan va o‘sgan, Gitler 1939-yilda Polshaga bostirib kirganidan keyin Qo‘shma Shtatlarga qochqin bo‘lib kelgan. 1941-yilda Hurwicz [[Massachusets texnologiya instituti]]da Pol Samuelson va [[Chikago universiteti]]da Oskar Langening tadqiqot yordamchisi bo‘lib ishlagan. U 1942-1946-yillar oralig‘ida Cowles komissiyasida tadqiqotchi xodim bo‘lgan. 1946-yilda u Iowa shtat kollejida iqtisodiyot dotsenti bo‘ldi. Hurwicz 1951-yilda [[Minnesota universiteti]]ga qo‘shildi, 1969-yilda Regents iqtisodiyot professori, 1989-yilda esa Kurtis L. Karlson iqtisodiyot professori bo‘ldi. U 2008-yilda vafot etganida Minnesota universitetining Regents iqtisodiyot professori (Emeritus) edi.

Hurwicz [[o‘yinlar nazariyasi]]ning qiymatini tan olgan birinchi iqtisodchilardan biri bo‘lgan va uni qo‘llashda kashshof bo‘lgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | author=Kuhn, Harold (introduction) | title=Sample Chapter for von Neumann, John &amp; Morgenstern, Oskar. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Commemorative Edition) | url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7802.html | publisher=Princeton University Press | date=7 August 2007 | access-date=2007-10-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016235049/http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7802.html | archive-date=16 October 2007 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Higgins&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author=Higgins, Charlotte | title=Americans win Nobel for economics | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7045067.stm | date=15 October 2007 | work=BBC News | access-date=2007-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shaxslar va institutlar, [[bozor]]lar va [[savdo]]ning o‘zaro ta’siri bugungi kunda Hurwicz ishlab chiqqan modellar yordamida tahlil qilinadi va tushuniladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Lohr&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author=Lohr, Steve | work=The New York Times | title=Three Share Nobel in Economics for Work on Social Mechanisms | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/16/business/16nobel.html | date=2007-10-16 | access-date=2007-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Shaxsiy hayoti==
Hurwicz [[Moskva]], [[Rossiya]]da, [[oktyabr inqilobi]]dan bir necha oy oldin, polshalik yahudiylar oilasida tug‘ilgan. Leonid tug‘ilganidan ko‘p o‘tmay, oila [[Varshava]]ga qaytib kelgan. Hurwicz va uning oilasi [[bolsheviklar]] va [[natsizm|natsistlar]] tomonidan ta’qibga uchragan, chunki u Germaniya 1939-yilda Polshaga bostirib kirganida yana qochqinga aylangan. Uning ota-onasi va akasi Varshavadan qochib ketishgan, faqat hibsga olinib, Sovet mehnat lagerlariga jo‘natilgan. [[Varshava universiteti]]ni 1938-yilda tamomlagan Hurwicz, natsistlarning [[Polsha]]ga bostirib kirishi vaqtida Londonda edi, [[Shveytsariya]]ga, keyin [[Portugaliya]]ga ko‘chib o‘tgan va nihoyat 1940-yilda [[AQSH|Qo‘shma Shtatlar]]ga hijrat qilgan. Uning oilasi oxir-oqibat unga qo‘shilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Clement&quot;/&gt;.

Hurwicz 1940-yillarda uning o‘qituvchi yordamchisi sifatida [[Viskonsin]] fermasida o‘sgan va o‘sha paytda [[Chikago universiteti]]da iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha bakalavr bo‘lgan Evelin Jensen (1923-yil 31-oktyabrda tug‘ilgan)ni ishga olgan. Ular 1944-yil 19-iyulda turmush qurishgan&lt;ref name=&quot;timeline&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Perspectives on Leo Hurwicz, A Celebration of 90 Years (timeline)|url=http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz_timeline.pdf|date=14 April 2007|publisher=University of Minnesota (econ.umn.edu)|access-date=2007-10-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025031226/http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz_timeline.pdf &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archive-date = 2007-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; va keyinchalik [[Minneapolis]]dagi bir qator manzillarda yashagan. Ularning to‘rt farzandi bor edi: Sara, Maykl, Rut va Maksim&lt;ref name=&quot;Clement&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Clement, Douglas|title=Intelligent Designer|url=http://www.econ.umn.edu/magazine/MinnesotaEconomics1106.pdf|journal=Minnesota Economics|publisher=Department of Economics, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts|pages=6–9|date=Fall 2006|access-date=2007-10-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025031216/http://www.econ.umn.edu/magazine/MinnesotaEconomics1106.pdf &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archive-date = 2007-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U 2008-yil iyun oyi o‘rtalarida buyrak yetishmovchiligidan shifoxonaga yotqizilgan. Bir hafta o‘tib Minneapolisdagi vafot etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/obituaries/21570704.html?location_refer=Homepage:highlightModules:1|title=Leonid Hurwicz won Nobel in economics|website=startribune.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/business/26hurwicz.html?_r=1&amp;scp=1&amp;sq=hurwicz&amp;st=nyt&amp;oref=slogin|title=Leonid Hurwicz, 90, Nobel Economist|first=William|last=Grimes|date=2008-06-26|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6858" sha1="al7j5wjytbdyrvs8n56sok7exem1tfa" xml:space="preserve">{{iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi = Leonid Hurwicz
| rasmi = Leonid Hurwicz (cropped).jpg
| sarlavha = Hurwicz 2005-yilda
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date|1917|08|21}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi   = [[Moskva]], Rossiya Respublikasi
| vafot_sanasi = {{Death date and age|2008|06|24|1917|08|21}}
| vafot-joyi = [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], AQSh
| alma_mater = [[Varshava universiteti]]
Xalqaro tadqiqotlar oliy instituti
| hissasi = Mexanizm dizayni
| mukofotlar = Milliy fan medali (1990)
[[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2007)
}}

'''Leonid Hurwicz''' (1917-yil 21-avgust — 2008-yil 24-iyun) polshalik-amerikalik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[matematik]] boʻlib, [[o‘yinlar nazariyasi]] va mexanizm dizayni sohasidagi ishlari bilan tanilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fau.edu/library/nobel90.htm |title=American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize |access-date=2009-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009091748/http://www.fau.edu/library/nobel90.htm |archive-date=2011-10-09 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Hurwicz.html|title=Leonid Hurwicz|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U ragʻbatlantirish muvofiqligi tushunchasini yaratdi va kerakli natijalarga ragʻbatlantirish muvofiq mexanizm dizayni orqali qanday erishish mumkinligini koʻrsatdi. Hurwicz mexanizm dizayni boʻyicha asosiy ishi uchun 2007-yilgi [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ni (Erik Maskin va Rodger Myerson bilan birgalikda) qoʻlga kiritdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Ohlin&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author=Ohlin, Pia | title=US trio wins Nobel Economics Prize | url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g-Ap2F1rTjpjzCLo_mDAPxlITS7w | date=15 October 2007 | work=Agence France Presse | access-date=2007-10-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017022746/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g-Ap2F1rTjpjzCLo_mDAPxlITS7w | archive-date=17 October 2007 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hurwicz 90 yoshida mukofotni olgan eng keksa Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlaridan biri edi.

Hurwicz Polshada tahsil olgan va oʻsgan, Gitler 1939-yilda Polshaga bostirib kirganidan keyin Qoʻshma Shtatlarga qochqin boʻlib kelgan. 1941-yilda Hurwicz [[Massachusets texnologiya instituti]]da Pol Samuelson va [[Chikago universiteti]]da Oskar Langening tadqiqot yordamchisi boʻlib ishlagan. U 1942-1946-yillar oraligʻida Cowles komissiyasida tadqiqotchi xodim boʻlgan. 1946-yilda u Iowa shtat kollejida iqtisodiyot dotsenti boʻldi. Hurwicz 1951-yilda [[Minnesota universiteti]]ga qoʻshildi, 1969-yilda Regents iqtisodiyot professori, 1989-yilda esa Kurtis L. Karlson iqtisodiyot professori boʻldi. U 2008-yilda vafot etganida Minnesota universitetining Regents iqtisodiyot professori (Emeritus) edi.

Hurwicz [[o‘yinlar nazariyasi]]ning qiymatini tan olgan birinchi iqtisodchilardan biri boʻlgan va uni qoʻllashda kashshof boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | author=Kuhn, Harold (introduction) | title=Sample Chapter for von Neumann, John &amp; Morgenstern, Oskar. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Commemorative Edition) | url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7802.html | publisher=Princeton University Press | date=7 August 2007 | access-date=2007-10-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016235049/http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7802.html | archive-date=16 October 2007 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Higgins&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author=Higgins, Charlotte | title=Americans win Nobel for economics | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7045067.stm | date=15 October 2007 | work=BBC News | access-date=2007-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shaxslar va institutlar, [[bozor]]lar va [[savdo]]ning oʻzaro taʼsiri bugungi kunda Hurwicz ishlab chiqqan modellar yordamida tahlil qilinadi va tushuniladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Lohr&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author=Lohr, Steve | work=The New York Times | title=Three Share Nobel in Economics for Work on Social Mechanisms | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/16/business/16nobel.html | date=2007-10-16 | access-date=2007-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Hurwicz [[Moskva]], [[Rossiya]]da, [[oktyabr inqilobi]]dan bir necha oy oldin, polshalik yahudiylar oilasida tugʻilgan. Leonid tugʻilganidan koʻp oʻtmay, oila [[Varshava]]ga qaytib kelgan. Hurwicz va uning oilasi [[bolsheviklar]] va [[natsizm|natsistlar]] tomonidan taʼqibga uchragan, chunki u Germaniya 1939-yilda Polshaga bostirib kirganida yana qochqinga aylangan. Uning ota-onasi va akasi Varshavadan qochib ketishgan, faqat hibsga olinib, Sovet mehnat lagerlariga joʻnatilgan. [[Varshava universiteti]]ni 1938-yilda tamomlagan Hurwicz, natsistlarning [[Polsha]]ga bostirib kirishi vaqtida Londonda edi, [[Shveytsariya]]ga, keyin [[Portugaliya]]ga koʻchib oʻtgan va nihoyat 1940-yilda [[AQSH|Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]ga hijrat qilgan. Uning oilasi oxir-oqibat unga qoʻshilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Clement&quot;/&gt;.

Hurwicz 1940-yillarda uning oʻqituvchi yordamchisi sifatida [[Viskonsin]] fermasida oʻsgan va oʻsha paytda [[Chikago universiteti]]da iqtisodiyot boʻyicha bakalavr boʻlgan Evelin Jensen (1923-yil 31-oktyabrda tugʻilgan)ni ishga olgan. Ular 1944-yil 19-iyulda turmush qurishgan&lt;ref name=&quot;timeline&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Perspectives on Leo Hurwicz, A Celebration of 90 Years (timeline)|url=http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz_timeline.pdf|date=14 April 2007|publisher=University of Minnesota (econ.umn.edu)|access-date=2007-10-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025031226/http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz_timeline.pdf &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archive-date = 2007-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; va keyinchalik [[Minneapolis]]dagi bir qator manzillarda yashagan. Ularning toʻrt farzandi bor edi: Sara, Maykl, Rut va Maksim&lt;ref name=&quot;Clement&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Clement, Douglas|title=Intelligent Designer|url=http://www.econ.umn.edu/magazine/MinnesotaEconomics1106.pdf|journal=Minnesota Economics|publisher=Department of Economics, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts|pages=6–9|date=Fall 2006|access-date=2007-10-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025031216/http://www.econ.umn.edu/magazine/MinnesotaEconomics1106.pdf &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archive-date = 2007-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U 2008-yil iyun oyi oʻrtalarida buyrak yetishmovchiligidan shifoxonaga yotqizilgan. Bir hafta oʻtib Minneapolisdagi vafot etdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/obituaries/21570704.html?location_refer=Homepage:highlightModules:1|title=Leonid Hurwicz won Nobel in economics|website=startribune.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/business/26hurwicz.html?_r=1&amp;scp=1&amp;sq=hurwicz&amp;st=nyt&amp;oref=slogin|title=Leonid Hurwicz, 90, Nobel Economist|first=William|last=Grimes|date=2008-06-26|newspaper=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>IS/LM modeli</title>
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      <text bytes="5453" sha1="ee9tpdfpaj2uhw3j8np0u98chi3lmy9" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Foiz stavkalari va ishlab chiqarish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni ko‘rsatuvchi makroiqtisodiy model}}
[[File:Islm.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|270px|IS egri chizig‘i o‘ngga siljiydi, bu esa yuqoriroq foiz stavkalari (i) va “real” iqtisodiyotda (real YaIM yoki Y) kengayishga olib keladi]]
'''IS–LM modeli''', yoki '''Hicks–Hansen modeli''', bu ikki o‘lchovli [[makroiqtisodiy model]] bo‘lib, makroiqtisodiyotni o‘qitishda pedagogik vosita sifatida qo‘llaniladi. IS–LM modeli qisqa muddatda [[foiz stavkasi]] va ishlab chiqarish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni ko‘rsatadi. &quot;investitsiya–jamg‘arma&quot; (IS) va &quot;likvidlikka ustunlik–pul taklifi&quot; (LM) egri chiziqlarining kesishishi tovar va pul bozorlarida bir vaqtning o‘zida muvozanat yuzaga keladigan &quot;umumiy muvozanat&quot;ni ifodalaydi. IS–LM modeli turli talab shoklari (jumladan [[pul-kredit siyosati]] va [[fiskal siyosat]] ta’siri) ning ishlab chiqarishga ta’sirini ko‘rsatadi va shu orqali qisqa muddatda [[milliy daromad]]dagi o‘zgarishlarni tushuntiradi, bunda narx darajasi o‘zgarmas yoki qotib qolgan bo‘ladi. Shu sababli, model mos stabilizatsiya siyosatini aniqlash uchun vosita sifatida ishlatiladi. Shuningdek, u [[Talab va taklif]] kabi kengroq modellarda iqtisodiyotning talab tomonini tushuntirish uchun asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Model 1937-yilda [[John Hicks]] tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va keyinchalik [[Alvin Hansen]] tomonidan [[Keynschilik]] makroiqtisodiy nazariyaning matematik ifodasi sifatida kengaytirilgan. 1940-yillardan 1970-yillarning o‘rtalarigacha u makroiqtisodiy tahlilning asosiy modeli bo‘lib xizmat qilgan. Bugungi kunda u mukammal emas deb hisoblanadi va yuqori darajadagi iqtisodiy ta’lim hamda tadqiqotlarda kam qo‘llaniladi, biroq hali ham ko‘plab bakalavriat darsliklarida muhim kirish vositasi hisoblanadi.

1980–1990-yillardan boshlab pul-kredit siyosati odatda IS–LM modelida nazarda tutilganidek pul taklifini emas, balki to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri foiz stavkalarini nishonga oladi. Shu sababli zamonaviy versiyalarda LM egri chizig‘i talqini o‘zgartirilib, u markaziy bank tomonidan belgilangan foiz stavkasini ko‘rsatuvchi gorizontal chiziq sifatida tasvirlanadi.

==Tarix==
IS–LM modeli 1936-yil sentabr oyida Oksfordda o‘tkazilgan Ekonometrik jamiyat konferensiyasida taqdim etilgan. [[Roy Harrod]], [[John Hicks|John R. Hicks]] va [[James Meade]] [[John Maynard Keynes]]ning '''Bandlik, foiz va pulning umumiy nazariyasi''' asarini umumlashtirishga harakat qilgan matematik modellarni taqdim etdilar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks1937&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Meade |first=J. E. |title=Mr. Keynes tizimining soddalashtirilgan modeli |journal=[[Review of Economic Studies]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=98–107 |year=1937 |jstor=2967607 |doi=10.2307/2967607 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hicks ushbu modelni ishlab chiqdi va keyinchalik &quot;Janob Keyns va klassiklar: taklif etilayotgan talqin(Mr. Keynes and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretation)&quot; maqolasida bayon etdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hicks1937&quot; /&gt;

Keyinchalik model yanada rivojlantirildi va o‘nlab yillar davomida makroiqtisodiyotni o‘qitishda asosiy vositaga aylandi.

==Tuzilishi==

IS va LM egri chiziqlari kesishgan nuqta qisqa muddatli [[muvozanat]]ni bildiradi: bunda tovar bozori va pul bozori muvozanatda bo‘ladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author-link=Robert J. Gordon |first=Robert J. |last=Gordon |title=Makroiqtisodiyot |edition=Eleventh |year=2009 |location=Boston |publisher=Pearson Addison Wesley |isbn=9780321552075 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===IS (investitsiya–jamg‘arma) egri chizig‘i===
[[File:I-S and Y=AD to IS NT Wiki.png|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|IS egri chizig‘i kapital bozoridagi muvozanat orqali tasvirlangan.]]

IS egri chizig‘i foiz stavkasi, investitsiya va milliy daromad o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni ko‘rsatadi.

IS egri chizig‘i quyidagi tenglama bilan ifodalanadi:
:&lt;math&gt;Y = C \left({Y}-{T(Y)}\right) + I \left({r}\right) + G + NX(Y),&lt;/math&gt;

bu yerda Y — daromad, C — iste’mol, I — investitsiya, G — davlat xarajatlari, NX — sof eksport.

===LM (likvidlik–pul) egri chizig‘i===

[[File:Money Market diagram.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|270px|Pul bozori muvozanati diagrammasi.]]

LM egri chizig‘i pul bozori muvozanatini ko‘rsatadi, ya’ni pulga bo‘lgan talab va taklif tenglashgan nuqtalarni ifodalaydi.

Matematik ifodasi: &lt;math&gt;M/P=L(i,Y)&lt;/math&gt;

==Siljishlar==
Davlatning [[fiskal]] siyosati yoki [[pul-kredit siyosati]] IS yoki LM egri chiziqlarini siljitishi mumkin. Masalan:

* Davlat xarajatlari oshsa → IS o‘ngga siljiydi
* Pul taklifi oshsa → LM pastga yoki o‘ngga siljiydi

==Markaziy bank va foiz stavkalari==
Zamonaviy iqtisodiyotda markaziy banklar pul taklifini emas, balki foiz stavkalarini boshqaradi. Shu sababli LM egri chizig‘i ko‘pincha gorizontal sifatida tasvirlanadi.

==Kengroq modellarga qo‘shilishi==
IS–LM modeli ko‘pincha [[Talab va taklif]] modeli tarkibida ishlatiladi va umumiy talabni tushuntirishda asosiy rol o‘ynaydi.

==Variantlar==

===IS-LM-NAC modeli===
2016-yilda [[Roger Farmer]] va Konstantin Platonov tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan model bo‘lib, u uzoq muddatli ishsizlik va iqtisodiy kutilmalarni tushuntirishga harakat qiladi.

==Shuningdek qarang==
{{div col}}

* [[AD–AS model]]
* [[Keynesian cross]]
* [[Mundell–Fleming model]]
* [[xalqaro jamg'arma]]
* [[Policy mix]]
  {{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Phillipe Aghion</title>
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      <text bytes="4215" sha1="l1rtujzjgbtaowrdmrpiw1h4r6h4mtx" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi = Phillipe Aghion
| rasmi = Phillipe Aghion - The State of France (cropped+optimised).jpg
| sarlavha = Aghion [[Boston universiteti]]da, 2015-yil fevral
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{birth date and age|1956|8|17|df=y}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi = [[Parij]], [[Fransiya]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| soha = [[Innovatsiya]],
[[Iqtisodiy oʻsish]],
[[Tashkilot]]lar
| mukofotlar = &quot;BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge&quot; mukofoti (2019)
[[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti|Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2025)
}}
'''Philippe Mario Aghion''' (1956-yil 17-avgustda tugʻilgan)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2025/aghion/facts/|title=Philippe Aghion|publisher=[[Nobel mukofoti]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; — fransuz [[iqtisodchi]]si, [[Collège de France]]da institutlar, innovatsiya va iqtisodiy oʻsish kafedrasi professori, [[INSEAD]]da Kurt Byorklund nomidagi Innovatsiya va Iqtisodiy oʻsish kafedrasi professori va London iqtisodiyot maktabida iqtisodiyot professori hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Philippe Aghion {{!}} Collège de France |url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/en/chair/philippe-aghion-economics-of-institutions-innovation-and-growth-statutory-chair/biography |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=www.college-de-france.fr |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippe Aghion |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/people/philippe-aghion |access-date=15 October 2025 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Aghion va Peter Howitt „Aghion–Howitt modeli“ bilan tanilgan. Ushbu ishlari uchun ular 2025-yilgi [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ning „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“ mukofotni oldilar&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Ahlander |first1=Johan |last2=Allen |first2=Jonathan |last3=Johnson |first3=Simon |title=Trio win Nobel economics prize for work on innovation, growth and 'creative destruction'|work=Reuters |access-date=13 October 2025 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/mokyr-aghion-howitt-win-2025-nobel-economics-prize-2025-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==
Aghion akademik faoliyatini 1987-yilda [[Massachusets texnologiya instituti]]ga yordamchi professor sifatida qoʻshilish bilan boshlagan. 1989-yilda u Fransiyaga qaytib, Fransiya milliy ilmiy tadqiqot markazi (CNRS)da tadqiqotchi lavozimida ishladi. 1990-yilda u [[Yevropa tiklanish va taraqqiyot banki]] (EBRD) bosh iqtisodchisining oʻrinbosari etib tayinlandi, keyin Oksforddagi Nuffield kollejiga va 1996-yilda University College Londonga koʻchib oʻtdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philippe Aghion |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/people/philippe-aghion |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2015-yilda, LSEda professor boʻlganida, Aghion shuningdek, Fransiyadagi maxsus akademik muassasa boʻlgan [[Collège de France|College de France]]da Iqtisodiyot kafedrasi professori lavozimiga etib tayinlandi. College de Francedagi statutor kafedra professori fransuz akademik doiralarida juda hurmatga sazovor lavozim hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-09-23 |title=Scientific truth is a pillar to be defended |url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/en/news/scientific-truth-is-pillar-to-be-defended |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=www.college-de-france.fr |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2020-yilda Aghion [[INSEAD]]da Kurt Byorklund nomidagi Innovatsiya va Iqtisodiy oʻsish professori va INSEADning Innovatsiya Iqtisodiyoti Laboratoriyasining akademik direktori boʻldi va oʻsha yili u LSEda tashrif buyurgan professor boʻldi va LSEning Iqtisodiy samaradorlik markazida dotsent sifatida faoliyatini davom ettirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Professor Philippe Aghion awarded Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences | website=The London School of Economics and Political Science | date=2025-10-13 | url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/news/latest-news-from-lse/lse-academic-philippe-aghion-awarded-nobel-prize-for-economic-sciences | access-date=2026-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6365" sha1="co6cysy67o3t8j6kapq1utxmabjdn2m" xml:space="preserve">'''Roger Edward Alfred Farmer''' — Britaniya-Amerika [[iqtisodchi]] bo‘lib, hozirda &quot;Warwick&quot; universitetida professor va  California, Los Angelesda universitetlarida Faxriy Emeritus Professor hamda iqtisodiyot bo‘limining sobiq rahbari hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;[[https://economics.ucla.edu/person/roger-e-farmer/](https://economics.ucla.edu/person/roger-e-farmer/) UCLA Economics bio]&lt;/ref&gt; U shuningdek [[Pensilvaniya universiteti]], Yevropa universiteti instituti va [[Toronto universiteti]]da ham faoliyat yuritgan. U Ekonometrik jamiyat a’zosi, Iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar milliy byurosi tadqiqot assotsiatsiyasi a’zosi, Iqtisodiy siyosat tadqiqotlari markazi tadqiqot a’zosi, hamda Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy tadqiqotlar milliy instituti (NIESR)ning sobiq tadqiqot direktori hisoblanadi. 2025-yil may oyida u Qirollik iqtisodiy jamiyati a’zosi etib saylangan.&lt;ref&gt;[https://res.org.uk/the-royal-economic-society-announces-founding-fellows/](https://res.org.uk/the-royal-economic-society-announces-founding-fellows/)&lt;/ref&gt; 2013-yilda u [[Angliya banki]]da katta Houblon-Norman stipendiyasi sohibi bo‘lgan.

U o‘z-o‘zini tasdiqlovchi bashoratlar (self-fulfilling prophecies) bo‘yicha ishlari bilan xalqaro miqyosda tanilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Farmer|first=Roger E. A. | author-link=Roger Farmer | title=Macroeconomics of Self-fulfilling Prophecies |publisher=The MIT Press; second edition |year=1999 |isbn=978-0262062039}}&lt;/ref&gt; Farmer yetakchi ilmiy jurnallarda ko‘plab maqolalar chop etgan va makroiqtisodiyotda noaniqlik (Indeterminacy) maktabining hammuassisi hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Indeterminacy School of Macroeconomics |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopaedia of Economics and Finance |year=2020 |url=[https://oxfordre.com/economics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.001.0001/acrefore-9780190625979-e-511](https://oxfordre.com/economics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.001.0001/acrefore-9780190625979-e-511) | doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.511|last1=Farmer |first1=Roger E. A. |isbn=9780190625979 |s2cid=219367550 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uning ilmiy ishlari iqtisodiyotda e’tiqodlar (beliefs) ham preferensiyalar, texnologiya va resurslar kabi muhim omil ekanini ilgari suradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| title=Makroiqtisodiy natijalarni shakllantirishda e’tiqodlarning ahamiyati |journal=[[Oxford Review of Economic Policy]] |date=May 2020 |doi=10.3386/w26557 | url=[https://www.nber.org/papers/w26557|last1=Farmer](https://www.nber.org/papers/w26557|last1=Farmer) |first1=Roger |series=Working Paper Series |s2cid=209177581 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

U 1993-yildagi ''Macroeconomics of Self-fulfilling Prophecies''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Farmer|first=Roger E. A. | author-link=Roger Farmer | title=Macroeconomics of Self-fulfilling Prophecies |publisher=The MIT Press; second edition |year=1999 | pages=223–225 | isbn=978-0262062039}}&lt;/ref&gt; kitobida e’tiqodlar qanday shakllanishini tushuntirish uchun “Belief Function” tushunchasini kiritadi. 2010-yildagi ''Expectations, Employment and Prices''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Farmer|first=Roger E. A. | author-link=Roger Farmer | title=Expectations, Employment and Prices |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0195397901}}&lt;/ref&gt; asarida esa Yangi [[keynschilik]] iqtisodiyotiga muqobil yondashuvni taklif qiladi va [[John Maynard Keynes]]ning '''Bandlik, foiz va pulning umumiy nazariyasi''' asaridagi asosiy g‘oyani — yuqori [[majburiy ishsizlik doimiy muvozanat holati bo‘lishi mumkinligini — qayta tiklaydi.

U o‘z g‘oyalarini keng auditoriya uchun 2010-yildagi ''How the Economy Works''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Farmer|first=Roger E. A. | author-link=Roger Farmer | title=How the Economy Works |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0199360307}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 2016-yildagi ''Prosperity for All''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Farmer|first=Roger E. A. | author-link=Roger Farmer | title=Prosperity for All |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190922405}}&lt;/ref&gt; kitoblarida bayon qilgan.

Farmer monetar modeli muhim siyosiy xulosalarga ega. Uning aktiv narxlarini nazorat qilish orqali to‘liq bandlikka erishish g‘oyasi fond bozori inqirozlari va chuqur retsessiyalarni oldini olishga yordam berishi mumkin. Uning o‘g‘li Leland Edward Farmer ham iqtisodchi bo‘lib, 2017-yilda University of Virginia fakultetiga qo‘shilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=[https://economics.virginia.edu/people/profile/lef2u|title=&amp;#124](https://economics.virginia.edu/people/profile/lef2u|title=&amp;#124); Department of Economics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mukofotlar va faxriy unvonlar==

* National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) faxriy a’zosi, 2019–hozirgacha
* NIESR tadqiqot direktori, 2016–2019
* Professor Roger Farmer sharafiga Festschrift&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| title=Maxsus son: Makroiqtisodiy dinamikadagi bozor friksiyalari |journal=[[International Journal of Economic Theory]] |volume=15 | issue = 1  |year=2019 | url=[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17427363/2019/15/1}}](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17427363/2019/15/1}})&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013-yil Maurice Allais iqtisodiyot mukofoti hammuallifi
* Bank of England Houblon-Norman stipendiyasi, 2013
* National Bureau of Economic Research tadqiqot assotsiatsiyasi
* Centre for Economic Policy Research tadqiqot a’zosi
* UCLA Warren C. Scoville mukofoti
* Econometric Society a’zosi (2003–hozirgacha)
* Helsinki universiteti medali, 2000
* Churchill College Cambridge a’zosi
* National Science Foundation grantlari
* Cobden mukofoti, Manchester University, 1976

==Ta’lim==

* Ph.D. (Iqtisodiyot), University of Western Ontario, 1982
* M.A. (Ekonometrika), Manchester University, 1977
* B.A. (Iqtisodiyot), Manchester University, 1976
* Latymer Grammar School, London, 1973

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Twitter}}

* [[http://www.rogerfarmer.com/rogerfarmerblog/](http://www.rogerfarmer.com/rogerfarmerblog/) Roger Farmer's Economic Window]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Farmer, Roger}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century American economists]]
[[Category:University of Western Ontario alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Economic Society]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6156" sha1="fpq8sfn5o7uis5c05nu3tpg62p2g63e" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi = Peter Howitt
| rasmi =Peter Howitt 2025 Nobel laurates in economic sciences (cropped).jpg
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{birth date and age|1946|5|31}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi = Guelph, Ontario, Kanada
| death_date =
| death_place =
| soha = [[Iqtisodiy o‘sish]]
[[Makroiqtisodiyot]]
[[Pul iqtisodiyoti]]
| mukofotlar = [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2025)
| website = {{url|https://vivo.brown.edu/display/phowitt}}
|image=Peter Howitt 2025 Nobel laurates in economic sciences (cropped).jpg}}
'''Peter Wilkinson Howitt''' (1946-yil 31-mayda tugʻilgan) — kanadalik iqtisodchi va [[Brown universiteti]]ning Lyn Crost ijtimoiy fanlar professori emeritusi. U [[Phillipe Aghion]] bilan birgalikda endogen oʻsish nazariyasi, zamonaviy makroiqtisodiyotda ijodiy buzilish tushunchasi va „Aghion–Howitt modeli“ ustidagi hamkorlikdagi ishlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |date=October 13, 2025 |title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2025 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2025/10/press-economicsciencesprize2025.pdf |website=The Nobel Prize |access-date=October 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2025-yilda Howitt va Aghion „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“ birgalikda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandilar&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot; /&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Howitt 1946-yilda Guelph, Ontario shahrida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bueckert |first=Kate |title=Guelph's Peter Howitt Nobel win 'a proud moment' for Ontario universities where he studied and worked |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/peter-howitt-nobel-prize-economics-guelph-western-mcgill-9.6937046 |website=CBC News |date=October 13, 2025 |access-date=October 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U 1968-yilda McGill universitetidan iqtisodiyot boʻyicha bakalavr darajasini, 1969-yilda Western Ontario universitetidan magistr darajasini va 1973-yilda Northwestern universitetidan [[Robert W. Clower]] qoʻl ostida PhD darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Laidler |first=David |date=January 1, 2022 |title=Peter Howitt – A Keynesian Still in Recovery |journal=University of Western Ontario Department of Economics Research Report Series |hdl=20.500.14721/11869}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Akademik faoliyati ==
Howitt PhD darajasini olgandan keyin Kanadaga qaytib, 1972-yildan 1996-yilgacha Western Ontario universitetida dars berdi. U 1996-yilda Ohio shtat universitetiga professor etib tayinlandi va 2000 yilda Brown universitetiga qoʻshildi va oʻshandan beri u yerda faoliyatini davom etmoqda. 2013-yildan beri Howitt Brown universitetining professor emeritusi hisoblanadi. Universitet bilan aloqalaridan tashqari, u [[Toronto]]da joylashgan partiyasiz tahlil markazi „C. D. Howe instituti“ bilan ham uzoq muddatli aloqalarga ega. Howitt 1986-yildan beri institut orqali iqtisodiy siyosat boʻyicha hisobotlarni nashr eta boshlagan va 2011-yildan 2015-yilgacha rezident-ilmiy xodim boʻlgan&lt;ref name=gredeg&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chevance |first=Catherine |title=Scientific Folder DHC Peter Howitt – Gredeg |url=https://gredeg.univ-cotedazur.fr/scientific-folder-dhc-peter-howitt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425032437/https://gredeg.univ-cotedazur.fr/scientific-folder-dhc-peter-howitt |archive-date=April 25, 2025 |work=Gredeg |language=fr-FR |access-date=October 13, 2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C.D. Howe Institute International Fellow Peter Howitt Wins Nobel Prize |url=https://cdhowe.org/publication/c-d-howe-institute-international-fellow-peter-howitt-wins-nobel-prize/ |access-date=October 15, 2025 |website=C.D. Howe Institute |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U 1993-1994-yillarda Kanada iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti boʻlib xizmat qilgan va 1997-2000-yillar oraligʻida „''Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking''“ jurnalining muharriri boʻlgan.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Howitt 1992-yilda „Kanada Qirollik jamiyati“ aʼzosi va 1994-yilda „Ekonometrik jamiyat“ aʼzosi etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Current Fellows |url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows/current |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=Econometric Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
2019-yilda u va Aghion Iqtisodiyot, Moliya va Menejment boʻyicha „BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge mukofoti“ni oldilar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Howitt, 12th Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Economics, Finance and Management |url=https://www.fbbva.es/en/galardonados/peter-howitt-2/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=BBVA Foundation }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Howitt va Aghion, shuningdek, 2025-yilda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ning yarmi bilan taqdirlandilar „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“, ikkinchi yarmi Joel Mokyrga nasib etdi&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;/&gt;.

== Tanlangan asarlari ==

{{Cite book |last=Howitt |first=Peter |title=The Keynesian Recovery and Other Essays |publisher=Philip Allan |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-86003-081-2}}

{{Cite book |title=The Implications of Knowledge-Based Growth for Micro-Economic Policies |editor-last=Howitt |editor-first=Peter |publisher=University of Calgary Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-895176-78-0}}

{{Cite book |last1=Aghion |first1=Philippe |last2=Howitt |first2=Peter |title=Endogenous Growth Theory |publisher=MIT Press |year=1998 |isbn=9780262011662 |url=https://archive.org/details/endogenousgrowth0000aghi}}

{{Cite book |editor-last1=Howitt |editor-first1=Peter |editor-last2=De Antoni |editor-first2=Elisabetta |editor-last3=Leijonhufvud |editor-first3=Axel |title=Money, Markets and Method: Essays in Honour of Robert W. Clower |publisher=Edward Elgar |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85898-901-3}}

{{Cite book |last1=Aghion |first1=Philippe |last2=Howitt |first2=Peter |title=The Economics of Growth |publisher=MIT Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-262-30389-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9vxCwAAQBAJ}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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| ismi = Peter Howitt
| rasmi =Peter Howitt 2025 Nobel laurates in economic sciences (cropped).jpg
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{birth date and age|1946|5|31}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi = Guelph, Ontario, Kanada
| death_date =
| death_place =
| soha = [[Iqtisodiy oʻsish]], [[Makroiqtisodiyot]], [[Pul iqtisodiyoti]]
| mukofotlar = [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2025)
| website = {{url|https://vivo.brown.edu/display/phowitt}}
|image=Peter Howitt 2025 Nobel laurates in economic sciences (cropped).jpg}}
'''Peter Wilkinson Howitt''' (1946-yil 31-mayda tugʻilgan) — kanadalik iqtisodchi va [[Brown universiteti]]ning Lyn Crost ijtimoiy fanlar professori emeritusi. U [[Phillipe Aghion]] bilan birgalikda endogen oʻsish nazariyasi, zamonaviy makroiqtisodiyotda ijodiy buzilish tushunchasi va „Aghion–Howitt modeli“ ustidagi hamkorlikdagi ishlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |date=October 13, 2025 |title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2025 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2025/10/press-economicsciencesprize2025.pdf |website=The Nobel Prize |access-date=October 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2025-yilda Howitt va Aghion „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“ birgalikda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandilar&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot; /&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Howitt 1946-yilda Guelph, Ontario shahrida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bueckert |first=Kate |title=Guelph's Peter Howitt Nobel win 'a proud moment' for Ontario universities where he studied and worked |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/peter-howitt-nobel-prize-economics-guelph-western-mcgill-9.6937046 |website=CBC News |date=October 13, 2025 |access-date=October 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U 1968-yilda McGill universitetidan iqtisodiyot boʻyicha bakalavr darajasini, 1969-yilda Western Ontario universitetidan magistr darajasini va 1973-yilda Northwestern universitetidan [[Robert W. Clower]] qoʻl ostida PhD darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Laidler |first=David |date=January 1, 2022 |title=Peter Howitt – A Keynesian Still in Recovery |journal=University of Western Ontario Department of Economics Research Report Series |hdl=20.500.14721/11869}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Akademik faoliyati ==
Howitt PhD darajasini olgandan keyin Kanadaga qaytib, 1972-yildan 1996-yilgacha Western Ontario universitetida dars berdi. U 1996-yilda Ohio shtat universitetiga professor etib tayinlandi va 2000 yilda Brown universitetiga qoʻshildi va oʻshandan beri u yerda faoliyatini davom etmoqda. 2013-yildan beri Howitt Brown universitetining professor emeritusi hisoblanadi. Universitet bilan aloqalaridan tashqari, u [[Toronto]]da joylashgan partiyasiz tahlil markazi „C. D. Howe instituti“ bilan ham uzoq muddatli aloqalarga ega. Howitt 1986-yildan beri institut orqali iqtisodiy siyosat boʻyicha hisobotlarni nashr eta boshlagan va 2011-yildan 2015-yilgacha rezident-ilmiy xodim boʻlgan&lt;ref name=gredeg&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chevance |first=Catherine |title=Scientific Folder DHC Peter Howitt – Gredeg |url=https://gredeg.univ-cotedazur.fr/scientific-folder-dhc-peter-howitt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425032437/https://gredeg.univ-cotedazur.fr/scientific-folder-dhc-peter-howitt |archive-date=April 25, 2025 |work=Gredeg |language=fr-FR |access-date=October 13, 2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C.D. Howe Institute International Fellow Peter Howitt Wins Nobel Prize |url=https://cdhowe.org/publication/c-d-howe-institute-international-fellow-peter-howitt-wins-nobel-prize/ |access-date=October 15, 2025 |website=C.D. Howe Institute |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U 1993-1994-yillarda Kanada iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti boʻlib xizmat qilgan va 1997-2000-yillar oraligʻida „''Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking''“ jurnalining muharriri boʻlgan.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Howitt 1992-yilda „Kanada Qirollik jamiyati“ aʼzosi va 1994-yilda „Ekonometrik jamiyat“ aʼzosi etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Current Fellows |url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows/current |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=Econometric Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
2019-yilda u va Aghion Iqtisodiyot, Moliya va Menejment boʻyicha „BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge mukofoti“ni oldilar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Howitt, 12th Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Economics, Finance and Management |url=https://www.fbbva.es/en/galardonados/peter-howitt-2/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=BBVA Foundation }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Howitt va Aghion, shuningdek, 2025-yilda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ning yarmi bilan taqdirlandilar „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“, ikkinchi yarmi Joel Mokyrga nasib etdi&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;/&gt;.

== Tanlangan asarlari ==

{{Cite book |last=Howitt |first=Peter |title=The Keynesian Recovery and Other Essays |publisher=Philip Allan |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-86003-081-2}}

{{Cite book |title=The Implications of Knowledge-Based Growth for Micro-Economic Policies |editor-last=Howitt |editor-first=Peter |publisher=University of Calgary Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-895176-78-0}}

{{Cite book |last1=Aghion |first1=Philippe |last2=Howitt |first2=Peter |title=Endogenous Growth Theory |publisher=MIT Press |year=1998 |isbn=9780262011662 |url=https://archive.org/details/endogenousgrowth0000aghi}}

{{Cite book |editor-last1=Howitt |editor-first1=Peter |editor-last2=De Antoni |editor-first2=Elisabetta |editor-last3=Leijonhufvud |editor-first3=Axel |title=Money, Markets and Method: Essays in Honour of Robert W. Clower |publisher=Edward Elgar |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85898-901-3}}

{{Cite book |last1=Aghion |first1=Philippe |last2=Howitt |first2=Peter |title=The Economics of Growth |publisher=MIT Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-262-30389-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9vxCwAAQBAJ}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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| website = {{url|https://vivo.brown.edu/display/phowitt}}
|image=Peter Howitt 2025 Nobel laurates in economic sciences (cropped).jpg}}
'''Peter Wilkinson Howitt''' (1946-yil 31-mayda tugʻilgan) — kanadalik iqtisodchi va [[Brown universiteti]]ning Lyn Crost ijtimoiy fanlar professori emeritusi. U [[Phillipe Aghion]] bilan birgalikda endogen oʻsish nazariyasi, zamonaviy makroiqtisodiyotda ijodiy buzilish tushunchasi va „Aghion–Howitt modeli“ ustidagi hamkorlikdagi ishlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |date=October 13, 2025 |title=The Prize in Economic Sciences 2025 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2025/10/press-economicsciencesprize2025.pdf |website=The Nobel Prize |access-date=October 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2025-yilda Howitt va Aghion „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“ birgalikda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandilar&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot; /&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Howitt 1946-yilda Guelph, Ontario shahrida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bueckert |first=Kate |title=Guelph's Peter Howitt Nobel win 'a proud moment' for Ontario universities where he studied and worked |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/peter-howitt-nobel-prize-economics-guelph-western-mcgill-9.6937046 |website=CBC News |date=October 13, 2025 |access-date=October 13, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U 1968-yilda McGill universitetidan iqtisodiyot boʻyicha bakalavr darajasini, 1969-yilda Western Ontario universitetidan magistr darajasini va 1973-yilda Northwestern universitetidan [[Robert W. Clower]] qoʻl ostida PhD darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Laidler |first=David |date=January 1, 2022 |title=Peter Howitt – A Keynesian Still in Recovery |journal=University of Western Ontario Department of Economics Research Report Series |hdl=20.500.14721/11869}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Akademik faoliyati ==
Howitt PhD darajasini olgandan keyin Kanadaga qaytib, 1972-yildan 1996-yilgacha Western Ontario universitetida dars berdi. U 1996-yilda Ohio shtat universitetiga professor etib tayinlandi va 2000-yilda Brown universitetiga qoʻshildi va oʻshandan beri u yerda faoliyatini davom etmoqda. 2013-yildan beri Howitt Brown universitetining professor emeritusi hisoblanadi. Universitet bilan aloqalaridan tashqari, u [[Toronto]]da joylashgan partiyasiz tahlil markazi „C. D. Howe instituti“ bilan ham uzoq muddatli aloqalarga ega. Howitt 1986-yildan beri institut orqali iqtisodiy siyosat boʻyicha hisobotlarni nashr eta boshlagan va 2011-yildan 2015-yilgacha rezident-ilmiy xodim boʻlgan&lt;ref name=gredeg&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chevance |first=Catherine |title=Scientific Folder DHC Peter Howitt – Gredeg |url=https://gredeg.univ-cotedazur.fr/scientific-folder-dhc-peter-howitt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425032437/https://gredeg.univ-cotedazur.fr/scientific-folder-dhc-peter-howitt |archive-date=April 25, 2025 |work=Gredeg |language=fr-FR |access-date=October 13, 2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=C.D. Howe Institute International Fellow Peter Howitt Wins Nobel Prize |url=https://cdhowe.org/publication/c-d-howe-institute-international-fellow-peter-howitt-wins-nobel-prize/ |access-date=October 15, 2025 |website=C.D. Howe Institute |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U 1993-1994-yillarda Kanada iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti boʻlib xizmat qilgan va 1997-2000-yillar oraligʻida „''Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking''“ jurnalining muharriri boʻlgan.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Howitt 1992-yilda „Kanada Qirollik jamiyati“ aʼzosi va 1994-yilda „Ekonometrik jamiyat“ aʼzosi etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Current Fellows |url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows/current |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=Econometric Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2019-yilda u va Aghion Iqtisodiyot, Moliya va Menejment boʻyicha „BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge mukofoti“ni oldilar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Howitt, 12th Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Economics, Finance and Management |url=https://www.fbbva.es/en/galardonados/peter-howitt-2/ |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=BBVA Foundation }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Howitt va Aghion, shuningdek, 2025-yilda [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ning yarmi bilan taqdirlandilar „ijodiy buzilish orqali barqaror oʻsish nazariyasi uchun“, ikkinchi yarmi Joel Mokyrga nasib etdi&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;/&gt;.

== Tanlangan asarlari ==

{{Cite book |last=Howitt |first=Peter |title=The Keynesian Recovery and Other Essays |publisher=Philip Allan |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-86003-081-2}}

{{Cite book |title=The Implications of Knowledge-Based Growth for Micro-Economic Policies |editor-last=Howitt |editor-first=Peter |publisher=University of Calgary Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-895176-78-0}}

{{Cite book |last1=Aghion |first1=Philippe |last2=Howitt |first2=Peter |title=Endogenous Growth Theory |publisher=MIT Press |year=1998 |isbn=9780262011662 |url=https://archive.org/details/endogenousgrowth0000aghi}}

{{Cite book |editor-last1=Howitt |editor-first1=Peter |editor-last2=De Antoni |editor-first2=Elisabetta |editor-last3=Leijonhufvud |editor-first3=Axel |title=Money, Markets and Method: Essays in Honour of Robert W. Clower |publisher=Edward Elgar |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85898-901-3}}

{{Cite book |last1=Aghion |first1=Philippe |last2=Howitt |first2=Peter |title=The Economics of Growth |publisher=MIT Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-262-30389-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9vxCwAAQBAJ}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
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    <title>Janice Eberly</title>
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      <text bytes="7882" sha1="io9yfsawvwe7lpv4iuibwyq1vrgunww" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Jan Eberly
| tasvir                    = Janice Eberly.jpg
| lavozim                   = [[Moliya vazirining iqtisodiy siyosiy ishlar bo‘yicha yordamchisi]]
| prezident                 = [[Barack Obama]]
| boshlanish davri          = 2011-yil 21-oktyabr
| tugash davri              = 2013-yil 26-aprel
| oʻtmishdoshi              = [[Alan Krueger]]
| vorisi                    = [[Karen Dynan]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{birth year and age|1964}}
| tavallud_joyi             = 
| partiya                   = [[Demokratlar partiyasi]]
| taʼlim                    = [[Kaliforniya universiteti, Devis]] (BS)&lt;br&gt;[[Massachusets texnologiya instituti]] (MS, PhD)
}}
'''Janice Caryl Eberly''' (taxminan 1964-yilda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik iqtisodchi olima. U 2002-yildan buyon Shimoli-gʻarbiy universitetining (Northwestern University) Kellog menejment maktabida moliya sohasi boʻyicha James R. va Helen D. Russell nomidagi faxriy professor lavozimida faoliyat yuritib kelmoqda&lt;ref name=&quot;aaas&quot;&gt;Hilary Hurd Anyaso. [http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2013/04/northwestern-faculty-members-named-aaas-fellows.html Northwestern faculty members named AAAS fellows]. [[Northwestern University]] News, Apr. 24, 2013. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;villagenews&quot;&gt;Debbie Ramsey. [http://www.thevillagenews.com/story/57951/ Fallbrook grad nominated for U. S. Dept. of Treasury post] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214655/http://www.thevillagenews.com/story/57951/ |date=2014-01-11 }}. ''Fallbrook Bonsall Village News'', Aug. 11, 2011. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;. U 2011-yildan 2013-yilgacha [[AQSH]] Gʻaznachilik departamentida iqtisodiy siyosat boʻyicha yordamchi kotib va bosh iqtisodchi lavozimlarida ishlagan. 2013-yilda Amerika Sanʼat va fanlar akademiyasining aʼzosi etib saylangan. Janice Eberlyning ilmiy izlanishlari asosan [[makroiqtisodiyot]] va [[moliya]] sohalarining oʻzaro bogʻliqligiga qaratilgan.

== Hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Eberly [[Kaliforniya]]ning [[Fallbrook]] shahridagi sitrus mevalar va [[avokado]] yetishtiriladigan fermada ulgʻaygan&lt;ref&gt;Wayne Mackey. [http://newsok.com/our-times/article/2010471 Our times]. ''[[The Oklahoman]]'', Jan. 18, 1983. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning otasi Harbiy-dengiz floti faxriysi va „United Airlines“ aviakompaniyasi uchuvchisi boʻlgan. U Fallbrook shahrida joylashgan davlat umumtaʼlim oʻrta maktabida tahsil olgan va maktabdagi „Amerika boʻlajak fermerlari“ (FFA) tashkilotining faol aʼzosi boʻlgan. 1981-yilda maktabni eng yuqori natija bilan tamomlagach, u FFA tashkilotining Kaliforniya shtati boʻyicha birinchi ayol prezidenti boʻldi. 1982-yilda esa ushbu tashkilotning (FFA) ilk ayol milliy prezidentiga aylandi&lt;ref name=villagenews/&gt;.

Eberly 1983-yilda Kaliforniya universitetining Davis filialiga bakalavr bosqichiga oʻqishga kirdi&lt;ref name=vitapdf&gt;Janice C. Eberly [http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/eberly/htm/web/documents/EberlyCV.pdf Curriculum vitae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074612/http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/eberly/htm/web/documents/EberlyCV.pdf |date=2016-03-05 }}. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;. 1985–1986-oʻquv yilida, uchinchi kursda oʻqib yurgan vaqtida, Eberly Kaliforniya universiteti tizimining boshqaruv organi hisoblangan Kaliforniya universiteti boshqaruv kengashiga talabalar vakili etib saylangan&lt;ref&gt;[[University of California]] Office of the President. [http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/factsheets/studentregents.html UC student regents, 1975–present]. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111213833/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/factsheets/studentregents.html |date=January 11, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

U 1986-yilning iyun oyida [[qishloq xo‘jaligi]] iqtisodiyoti yoʻnalishi boʻyicha bakalavr darajasini oldi va bitiruvchilar orasida eng yuqori koʻrsatkich qayd etgani uchun eng aʼlochi talaba unvoniga sazovor boʻldi&lt;ref name=vitapdf/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wendy Weitzel. [http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/uc-davis-gala-celebrates-alumni-contributions/ UC Davis gala celebrates alumni contributions]. ''The Davis Enterprise'', Oct. 25, 2012. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vitaweb&quot;&gt;[http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/directory/eberly_janice_c.aspx#vita Janice C. Eberly]. [[Kellogg School of Management]], [[Northwestern University]]. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Eberly AQSH Gʻaznachilik departamentida iqtisodiy siyosat boʻyicha yordamchi kotib va bosh iqtisodchi lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritish uchun Kellog maktabidagi ishidan vaqtincha taʼtil olgan. Prezident [[Barak Obama]] 2011-yilning may oyida uning nomzodini ushbu lavozimga koʻrsatishini eʼlon qildi va oʻsha yilning oktyabr oyida AQSH Senati uning nomzodini tasdiqladi&lt;ref&gt;The [[White House]]. [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/03/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts President Obama announces more key administration posts]. May 3, 2011. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ian Katz. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-21/janice-eberly-confirmed-by-senate-as-treasury-s-chief-economist.html Janice Eberly confirmed by Senate as Treasury’s chief economist]. [[Bloomberg News]], Oct. 21, 2011. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ushbu lavozimda u Iqtisodiy siyosat boshqarmasiga rahbarlik qildi. Mazkur boshqarma AQSH va jahon iqtisodiyotini tahlil qilish bilan birga, budjetdan tortib taʼlim va uy-joy masalalarigacha boʻlgan turli sohalarda siyosiy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqish bilan shugʻullangan&lt;ref name=techreview/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;di meglio&quot;&gt;Francesca Di Meglio. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130511053034/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-07/white-house-economic-adviser-returns-to-kellogg White House economic adviser returns to Kellogg]. ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', May 7, 2013. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;.

2013-yilning keyingi qismida Obama maʼmuriyati Federal zaxira boshqaruvchilar kengashidagi boʻsh oʻringa Eberlyni tayinlash masalasini koʻrib chiqqan&lt;ref&gt;Ylan Q. Mui. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/sources-white-house-considers-top-female-treasury-official-for-post-at-federal-reserve/2013/09/08/793b144e-1882-11e3-82ef-a059e54c49d0_story.html White House considers top female Treasury official for Federal Reserve post, sources day]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'', Sep. 8, 2013. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Annie Lowrey. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/business/economy/lael-brainard-to-step-down-from-treasury-post.html?_r=0 Lael Brainard to step down from Treasury post]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', Nov. 5, 2013. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tadqiqotlari ==
Eberly [[Massachusets texnologiya instituti]]da (MIT) makroiqtisodchi mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tahsil olgan boʻlsa-da, 1991-yildan buyon nufuzli biznes maktablarining moliya kafedralarida dars berib kelmoqda. U oʻzining ilmiy izlanishlarini, umuman olganda, ushbu ikki soha: makroiqtisodiyot va moliya oʻrtasidagi oʻzaro bogʻliqlikni oʻrganish deb taʼriflagan&lt;ref name=nj/&gt;. Xususan, u ham firmalar, ham uy xoʻjaliklari tomonidan qabul qilinadigan qarorlar va ularning umumiy iqtisodiyotga qanday taʼsir koʻrsatishi haqida ilmiy izlanishlar olib boradi&lt;ref name=villagenews/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;di meglio&quot;/&gt;. U 2013-yilning aprel oyida Kellog maktabidagi faoliyatiga qaytish uchun ushbu lavozimdan isteʼfoga chiqdi&lt;ref name=&quot;nj&quot;&gt;Catherine Hollander. [https://news.yahoo.com/treasury-departments-chief-economist-bids-farewell-094024477.html Treasury Departmentʼs chief economist bids farewell]. ''[[National Journal]]'', Apr. 26, 2013. Accessed Jan. 11, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}.

[[Turkum:Amerikalik iqtisodchilar]]
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  <page>
    <title>Alvin Hansen</title>
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      <text bytes="8225" sha1="ns9lojeojr4g4j2we0lt8fqrxbligsn" xml:space="preserve">'''Alvin Harvey Hansen''' (1887-yil 23-avgust – 1975-yil 6-iyun) amerikalik iqtisodchi bo‘lib, [[Minnesota universiteti]]da dars bergan va keyinchalik [[Garvard universiteti]]da iqtisodiyot kafedrasi professori bo‘lgan. Ko‘pincha “Amerikalik [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]]” deb ataladi, u iqtisodiy masalalar bo‘yicha keng o‘qiladigan ommabop muallif va hukumatga [[iqtisodiy siyosat]] bo‘yicha ta’sirli maslahatchi bo‘lgan. Hansen Iqtisodiy maslahatchilar kengashi va AQSh Ijtimoiy ta’minot tizimini yaratishda yordam bergan. U 1930–40-yillarda AQShda [[Keynschilik ]]iqtisodiyotni joriy etgani bilan esda qoladi.

U Keynesning '''Umumiy nazariya''' asaridagi g‘oyalarni boshqalardan ko‘ra samaraliroq tushuntirdi, kengaytirdi va ommalashtirdi. U [[John Hicks]] bilan birga [[IS/LM modeli]]ni (yoki Hicks–Hansen modeli) ishlab chiqdi, bu [[Keynschilik]] makroiqtisodiyotning matematik ifodasidir. 1967-yilda Prezident Iqtisodiy Maslahatchilar Kengashi raisi &quot;Paul McCracken&quot; Hansenni shunday ta’riflagan: “Bu asrda iqtisodiy siyosat haqidagi milliy fikrlashga sizdan ko‘ra chuqurroq ta’sir qilgan boshqa iqtisodchi yo‘q.”

==Erta hayot va ta’lim==
Hansen [[Viborg]], [[South Dakota]]da 1887-yil 23-avgustda fermer Niels Hansen va Marie Bergitta Nielsen oilasida tug‘ilgan. U yaqin atrofdagi Yankton kollejini (1984-yilda yopilgan) 1910-yilda ingliz tili mutaxassisligi bilan tugatgan va 1913-yilda Viskonsin-Medison universitetiga iqtisodiyot o‘rganish uchun kirgan. U yerda Richard T. Ely va John R. Commonsdan ijtimoiy muammolarni hal qilishda iqtisoddan foydalanishni o‘rgangan. 1916-yilda doktorlik kurslarini tugatgan. Hansen Mabel Lewis bilan turmush qurgan: ularning ikki farzandi bo‘lgan.

==Akademik faoliyat==
U doktorlik dissertatsiyasini yozish paytida Braun universitetida dars bergan. 1918-yilda (1921-yilda nashr etilgan) dissertatsiyani tugatgach, 1919-yilda [[Minnesota universiteti]]ga qaytgan va 1923-yilda to‘liq professor darajasiga ko‘tarilgan. Keyinchalik uning ''Business Cycle Theory'' (1927) va ''Principles of Economics'' (1928, Frederic Garver bilan) asarlari uni keng iqtisodiy jamoatchilikka tanitgan. 1932-yilda yozilgan ''Economic Stabilization in an Unbalanced World'' asari uni keng jamoatchilik doirasiga olib chiqqan. U 1932-yilda Amerika Statistika Assotsiatsiyasining a’zosi etib saylangan. U shuningdek Millatlar Ligasining Iqtisodiy va moliyaviy tashkilotida ishlagan.

1937-yilda u [[Garvard universiteti]]dagi yangi Lucius N. Littauer siyosiy iqtisod kafedrasiga taklif etilgan. Uning birinchi Harvard kitobi ''To‘liq tiklanishmi yoki turg‘unlikmi?(Full Recovery or Stagnation?)'' (1938) “sekulyar stagnatsiya nazariyasi” g‘oyalarini bayon qilgan.

Keyinchalik ''Amerikaning jahon iqtisodiyotidagi roli(America’s Role in the World Economy)'' (1945) va ''Iqtisodiy siyosat va to‘liq bandlik(Economic Policy and Full Employment)'' (1947) asarlarini yozgan. Hansen 1940-yilda Federal zaxira kengashida Marriner Ekklz(Federal Reserve Boardda Marriner Eccles)ga maxsus iqtisodiy maslahatchi bo‘lgan va 1945-yilgacha shu lavozimda ishlagan.

1956-yilda faol o‘qituvchilikdan nafaqaga chiqqach, ''Amerika iqtisodiyoti(The American Economy)'' (1957), ''1960-yillarning iqtisodiy masalalari va muammolari(Economic Issues of the 1960s and Problems)'' (1964) va ''Dollar va xalqaro valyuta tizimi(The Dollar and the International Monetary System)'' (1965) asarlarini yozgan. U 1975-yil 6-iyunda Alexandria, Virginia shahrida 87 yoshida vafot etgan.

==Nazariyalar==

Uning iqtisodiy nazariyaga eng katta hissasi [[John Hicks]] bilan birgalikda ishlab chiqilgan [[IS/LM modeli]] bo‘lgan. IS–LM diagrammasi investitsiya–jamg‘arma (IS) egri chizig‘i va likvidlik afzalligi–pul taklifi (LM) egri chizig‘i o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni ko‘rsatadi. U iqtisodiy siyosatning YaIMga ta’sirini tushuntirishda ishlatiladi.

Hansenning 1938-yildagi ''To‘liq tiklanishmi yoki turg‘unlikmi?(Full Recovery or Stagnation?)'' kitobi Keyns g‘oyalariga tayangan holda, davlat aralashuvisiz uzoq muddatli iqtisodiy turg‘unlik bo‘lishini ta’kidlagan.

U AQSh Kongressi oldida ishsizlikni inflyatsiyaga qarshi asosiy vosita sifatida ishlatishga qarshi chiqgan. U inflyatsiya foiz stavkalari, soliqlar va narx hamda ish haqi nazorati orqali boshqarilishi mumkinligini aytgan.

Keyinchalik “sekulyar stagnatsiya” nazariyasi ko‘proq Hansen g‘oyalari bilan bog‘lanib qoldi.

===Keynschilik===
Hansen dastlab Keynes g‘oyalariga shubha bilan qaragan, lekin 1938-yilda ularni qabul qilib, iqtisodiy inqiroz davrida davlat aralashuvi zarurligini qo‘llab-quvvatlagan. Uning Harvarddagi seminarlarida [[Paul Samuelson]] va [[James Tobin]] kabi talabalar Keyneschilik g‘oyalarini rivojlantirgan.

Hansenning 1941-yildagi ''Fiskal siyosat va biznes davrlari(Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles)'' kitobi AQShda Keyns tahlilini to‘liq qo‘llab-quvvatlagan birinchi yirik asarlardan biri bo‘lgan.

[[Image:IS-LM-Kurve.JPG|thumb|left|IS–LM modeli, foiz stavkasi ('''i''') va milliy daromad ('''Y''') o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik]]

===Turg‘unlik===
1930-yillarning oxirida Hansen AQSh iqtisodiyoti uzoq muddatli turg‘unlikka kirganini aytgan. U buni faqat davlat xarajatlari bilan yengish mumkin deb hisoblagan.

Keyinchalik iqtisodiy o‘sish uning bashoratlarini rad etdi va bu model unutilib ketdi.

[[File:Cycles by Alvin Hansen.jpg|thumb|left]]

===Iqtisodiy sikllar===
Alvin Hansen iqtisodiy sikllarni bandlik, ishlab chiqarish va narxlar tebranishi sifatida ta’riflagan.

U sikllarni ikki bosqichga ajratadi: kengayish va qisqarish.

==Davlat siyosati==
Hansen Buyuk Depressiya davrida iqtisodiyot faqat siklik emas, balki uzoq muddatli rivojlanish muammosiga duch kelganini aytgan. U davlat investitsiyalari orqali iqtisodiy faollikni tiklashni taklif qilgan.

U AQSh Iqtisodiy Assotsiatsiyasi tomonidan 1967-yilda Walker Medal bilan taqdirlangan.

U Kongressda ishsizlik va inflyatsiya siyosati bo‘yicha ko‘p marta fikr bildirgan.

==Manbalar==
{{reflist|2}}

===Asosiy manbalar===

* Hansen, Alvin H. (1939). “Iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va aholi o‘sishining kamayishi”
*“Fiskal siyosat va biznes sikllari”, 1941 (Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles)
*“Pul nazariyasi va fiskal siyosat”, 1949 (Monetary Theory and Fiscal Policy)
*“Keyns bo‘yicha qo‘llanma”, 1953 (A Guide To Keynes)
*“Biznes sikllari va milliy daromad”, 1964 (Business Cycles and National Income)
===Ikkinchi darajali manbalar===

* Barber, William J. “Alvin H. Hansenning 1920–30-yillardagi faoliyati…”
* Leeson, Robert. “Inflyatsiya nol maqsadining yo‘qolishi”
* Donald Markwell, ''John Maynard Keynes and International Relations''
* Miller, John E. “Alvin H. Hansen: Keyneschilikning amerikalik targ‘ibotchisi”
* Rosenof, Theodore. ''Economics in the Long Run''
* Seligman, Ben B., ''Main Currents in Modern Economics''
* ''American National Biography''

===Jurnal maxsus sonlari===

* ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'' vol 90 #1 (1976)
* “Alvin Hansen on Economic Progress and Declining Population Growth” ''Population and Development Review'', 2004

==Tashqi havolalar==

*{{Internet Archive author |sname=Alvin Harvey Hansen}}


{{Authority control}}


[[Category:1887-yilda tug‘ilganlar]]
[[Category:1975-yilda vafot etganlar]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Brown University o‘qituvchilari]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota o‘qituvchilari]]
[[Category:Harvard University o‘qituvchilari]]
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[[Category:Amerika Statistika Assotsiatsiyasi a’zolari]]
[[Category:Amerikalik daniyaliklar]]
[[Category:Neo-Keynes iqtisodchilari]]
[[Category:Yankton College bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Viborg, South Dakota aholisi]]
[[Category:Amerika Iqtisodiy Assotsiatsiyasi prezidentlari]]
[[Category:Janubiy Dakota matematiklari]]
[[Category:Amerika Iqtisodiy Assotsiatsiyasi faxriy a’zolari]]
[[Category:Janubiy Dakota iqtisodchilari]]
[[Category:Harvard University iqtisodiyot fakulteti o‘qituvchilari]]
[[Category:20-asr amerikalik statistiklari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Roy Harrod</title>
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      <text bytes="3711" sha1="9tpahi8kma2zckh7bopqrt03j48ykc2" xml:space="preserve">'''Ser Henry Roy Forbes Harrod''' (1900-yil 13-fevral – 1978-yil 8-mart) ingliz iqtisodchisi bo‘lgan. U ''' John Maynard Keynes hayoti''' (1951) asari va Harrod–Domar modelini ishlab chiqishi bilan mashhur. U &quot;International Economics&quot; kitobi bilan ham tanilgan bo‘lib, bu darslik xalqaro iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha standart asarlardan biri bo‘lgan. Uning dastlabki nashridagi ayrim fikrlar keyinchalik mustaqil ravishda boshqa olimlar tomonidan rivojlantirilgan nazariyalarni oldindan bashorat qilgan.

==Biografiya==
Harrod Londonda biznesmen Henry Dawes Harrod va yozuvchi Frances Forbes-Robertson oilasida tug‘ilgan. U '''St Paul's School, London|St Paul's School''' va keyin '''Vestminster maktabida''' o‘qigan. U '''New College, [[Oksford]]'''ga tarix stipendiyasi bilan kirgan. Artilleriyada qisqa xizmatdan so‘ng 1921-yilda insoniy adabiyot fanidan, 1922-yilda esa zamonaviy tarixdan eng yuqori natija bilan bitirgan. 1922-yilda Qirollik kolleji,[[ Kembrij]]da vaqt o‘tkazgan va u yerda [[John Maynard Keyns]] bilan tanishgan.

Keyinchalik u Oksfordga qaytib, Masih cherkovi, [[Oksford]]da iqtisod bo‘yicha o‘qituvchi va tutor bo‘lgan. 1967-yilgacha shu lavozimda ishlagan. Keyns bilan 1946-yilgacha aloqada bo‘lgan va keyinchalik uning biografini yozgan (1951). U 1938–1947 va 1954–1958 yillarda Nuffild kolleji,[[ Oksford]]da ham a’zo bo‘lgan.

Oksfordda u Temir yo‘l klubi(Railway Club) a’zosi bo‘lgan, uning tarkibida Henry Yorke, Henry Thynne, David Plunket Greene, Harold Acton va boshqalar bor edi.

Ikkinchi jahon urushi davrida u qisqa muddat [[Winston Churchill]]ning Admiraltidagi statistik bo‘limida ishlagan.

1945-yilgi saylovda u Liberal Partiya nomidan Huddersfield okrugidan nomzod bo‘lgan va uchta nomzod orasida uchinchi o‘rinni olgan (16.2% ovoz).

1966-yilda u [[Bernhard-Harms-Preis]] mukofotini olgan. 1967-yilda nafaqaga chiqqach Horrot, Norfolkka ko‘chib o‘tgan.

U Vetnam urushi haqida AQSh harbiy kampaniyasini qo‘llab-quvvatlaganini bildirgan.

Assar Lindbek uning uzoq yashaganida Iqtisodiyot fanlari bo‘yicha Nobel  mukofoti olishi mumkinligini aytgan.

U 1938-yilda Wilhelmine “Billa” Cresswell bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning o‘g‘illaridan biri Dominik Harrod BBC iqtisodiy sharhlovchisi bo‘lgan.

==''John Maynard Keynes hayoti''==
Keynes vafotidan so‘ng Harrod va Austin Robinson uning obituarini yozgan. Keyinchalik Geoffrey Keynes taklifi bilan Harrod Keynesning yirik biografiyasini yozgan.

''' John Maynard Keyns hayoti''' 1951-yilda nashr etilgan va katta e’tirofga sazovor bo‘lgan.

Keyinchalik Keyns hayoti haqida ko‘plab yangi tadqiqotlar paydo bo‘lgan va Harrodning ba’zi talqinlari qayta ko‘rib chiqilgan.

==Asarlar ro‘yxati==

* “Doctrines of Imperfect Competition,” ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'' 48 (1934)
* ''The Trade Cycle'' (1936)
* ''International economics'' (1933–1973)
* ''Towards a Dynamic Economics'' (1948)
* ''The Life of John Maynard Keynes'' (1951)
* ''Economic Dynamics'' (1973)

==Faxriy unvonlar==
Harrod 1959-yil Yangi yil mukofotlarida Ritsar unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan.

==Meros==
Harrodning qo‘lyozmalari '''Briyaniya kutubxonasi'''da saqlanadi.

==Izohlar==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliografiya==

* Durlauf &amp; Blume (2016)
* The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (2008)

==Manbalar==

* Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

==Tashqi havolalar==

* Harrod Economic Thought Website
* Roy Harrod Page


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[[Category:1978-yilda vafot etganlar]]
[[Category:Ingliz iqtisodchilari]]
[[Category:Post-Keynes iqtisodchilari]]
[[Category:Oksford universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:20-asr britaniyalik statistiklari]]</text>
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    <title>Edmund Phelps</title>
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      <comment>/* Erta hayoti va taʼlimi */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3962" sha1="8gmqj53zo7ez2lnli80thfo0tri9naf" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi = Edmund Phelps
| rasmi  = Edmund Phelps 2017.jpg
| sarlavha  = Phelps 2017 yilda
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date and age|1933|7|26|mf=y}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi = [[Evanston, Illinois]], AQSh
| death_date =
| death_place =
| soha  = [[Makroiqtisodiyot]]
| hissasi = [[Makroiqtisodiyotning mikroasoslari]]
Ish haqi va narx belgilashda kutilmalar
[[Ishsizlikning tabiiy darajasi]]
[[Statistik diskriminatsiya (iqtisodiyot)|Statistik diskriminatsiya]]
Tarkibiy pasayishlar
[[Innovatsiya]]da [[tasavvur]]
[[Oltin qoida jamg‘arma stavkasi|Jamgʻarmaning oltin qoida stavkasi]]
| mukofotlar = Iqtisodiyot fanlari boʻyicha Nobel memorial mukofoti (2006),
Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur (2008),
Pico Mirandola mukofoti (2008),
Global Iqtisodiyot mukofoti (2008),
Xitoy Doʻstlik mukofoti (2014)
}}

'''Edmund Strother Phelps''' (1933-yil 26-iyulda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik [[iqtisodchi]] va 2006-yilgi [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] sovrindori.

Faoliyatining boshida u 1960-yillarning birinchi yarmida Yelning Cowles fondida iqtisodiy oʻsish manbalari boʻyicha tadqiqotlari bilan tanildi. Uning oltin qoida jamgʻarma stavkasini koʻrsatishi (bu [[John von Neumann]] ishi bilan bogʻliq tushuncha) millatning kelajak avlodlar uchun jamgʻarish va investitsiya qilishdan koʻra hozirgi isteʼmolga qancha sarflashi kerakligi haqidagi tadqiqotlar toʻlqinini boshlab berdi.

Phelps 1966-yildan 1971-yilgacha [[Pensilvaniya universiteti]]da boʻlgan va 1971-yilda [[Columbia universiteti]]ga koʻchib oʻtgan. Uning eng asosiy ishi bandlikni aniqlash va narx-ish haqi dinamikasining makroiqtisodiy nazariyasini qoʻllab-quvvatlash uchun nomukammal maʼlumot, toʻliq boʻlmagan bilim hamda ish haqi va narxlar haqidagi kutilmalarni oʻz ichiga olgan mikroasosni kiritdi. Bu uning ishsizlikning tabiiy darajasini (uning mavjudligi va hajmini boshqaruvchi mexanizm) ishlab chiqishiga olib keldi. 2000-yillarning boshida u biznes innovatsiyasini oʻrganishga oʻtdi.

U 1982-yildan 2021-yilgacha Columbia universitetida MakVikar siyosiy iqtisod professori boʻlgan. 2022-yil 1-yanvardan boshlab uning lavozimi MakVikar siyosiy iqtisod professori emeritusiga oʻzgartirildi.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Phelps 1933-yil 26-iyulda [[Evanston, Illinois]] shahrida tugʻilgan va u olti yoshida oilasi bilan Hastings-on-Hudson, New Yorkga koʻchib oʻtgan va u yerda maktab yillarini oʻtkazgan&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Phelps | first=Edmund S. | editor=Arnold Heertje | editor-link=Arnold Heertje | title=The Makers of Modern Economics | chapter=Chapter 5: A Life in Economics | volume=II | edition=First | location=Aldershot; Brookfield | publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing Co. | year=1995 | isbn=1-85898-237-5 | chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/~esp2/autobio1.pdf |access-date=2008-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1951-yilda u bakalavriat taʼlimi uchun Amherst kollejiga bordi. Otasining maslahati bilan Phelps Amherstdagi ikkinchi yilida birinchi [[iqtisodiyot]] kursiga yozildi. Iqtisodchi Jeyms Nelson kursni oʻqidi, u Pol Samuelsonning mashhur „''Economics''“ darsligiga asoslangan edi. Phelps biznesga formal tahlilni qoʻllash imkoniyatidan qattiq taʼsirlangan edi. U tezda mavjud iqtisodiy nazariya va mikroiqtisodiyot hamda makroiqtisodiyot oʻrtasidagi mavjud boʻshliq bilan muhim hal qilinmagan muammoni anglab yetdi.

1955 yilda Amherstdan bakalavr darajasini olgach, Phelps magistratura taʼlimi uchun [[Yale universiteti]]ga bordi. Yaleda u boshqalar qatori boʻlajak Nobel sovrindorlari [[James Tobin]] va [[Thomas Schelling]] qoʻl ostida tahsil oldi. Phelps, shuningdek, agentlarning kutilmalariga urgʻu bergan kursi bilan William Fellner tomonidan ham kuchli taʼsirlangan. Phelps 1959-yilda Yelda iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Ph. D. darajasini oldi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3866" sha1="r4x6hhv7q42c1k3kwdrn8rzxybvw4kp" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi = Edmund Phelps
| rasmi  = Edmund Phelps 2017.jpg
| sarlavha  = Phelps 2017-yilda
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date and age|1933|7|26|mf=y}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi = [[Evanston, Illinois]], AQSh
| death_date =
| death_place =
| soha  = [[Makroiqtisodiyot]]
| hissasi = Makroiqtisodiyotning mikroasoslari,
Ish haqi va narx belgilashda kutilmalar,
Ishsizlikning tabiiy darajasi,
Statistik diskriminatsiya,
Tarkibiy pasayishlar,
[[Innovatsiya]]da [[tasavvur]],
Jamgʻarmaning oltin qoida stavkasi
| mukofotlar = [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2006),
Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur (2008),
Pico Mirandola mukofoti (2008),
Global Iqtisodiyot mukofoti (2008),
Xitoy Doʻstlik mukofoti (2014)
}}

'''Edmund Strother Phelps''' (1933-yil 26-iyulda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik [[iqtisodchi]] va 2006-yilgi [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] sovrindori.

Faoliyatining boshida u 1960-yillarning birinchi yarmida Yelning Cowles fondida iqtisodiy oʻsish manbalari boʻyicha tadqiqotlari bilan tanildi. Uning oltin qoida jamgʻarma stavkasini koʻrsatishi (bu [[John von Neumann]] ishi bilan bogʻliq tushuncha) millatning kelajak avlodlar uchun jamgʻarish va investitsiya qilishdan koʻra hozirgi isteʼmolga qancha sarflashi kerakligi haqidagi tadqiqotlar toʻlqinini boshlab berdi.

Phelps 1966-yildan 1971-yilgacha [[Pensilvaniya universiteti]]da boʻlgan va 1971-yilda [[Columbia universiteti]]ga koʻchib oʻtgan. Uning eng asosiy ishi bandlikni aniqlash va narx-ish haqi dinamikasining makroiqtisodiy nazariyasini qoʻllab-quvvatlash uchun nomukammal maʼlumot, toʻliq boʻlmagan bilim hamda ish haqi va narxlar haqidagi kutilmalarni oʻz ichiga olgan mikroasosni kiritdi. Bu uning ishsizlikning tabiiy darajasini (uning mavjudligi va hajmini boshqaruvchi mexanizm) ishlab chiqishiga olib keldi. 2000-yillarning boshida u biznes innovatsiyasini oʻrganishga oʻtdi.

U 1982-yildan 2021-yilgacha Columbia universitetida MakVikar siyosiy iqtisod professori boʻlgan. 2022-yil 1-yanvardan boshlab uning lavozimi MakVikar siyosiy iqtisod professori emeritusiga oʻzgartirildi.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Phelps 1933-yil 26-iyulda [[Evanston, Illinois]] shahrida tugʻilgan va u olti yoshida oilasi bilan Hastings-on-Hudson, New Yorkga koʻchib oʻtgan va u yerda maktab yillarini oʻtkazgan&lt;ref name=&quot;autobio&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Phelps | first=Edmund S. | editor=Arnold Heertje | editor-link=Arnold Heertje | title=The Makers of Modern Economics | chapter=Chapter 5: A Life in Economics | volume=II | edition=First | location=Aldershot; Brookfield | publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing Co. | year=1995 | isbn=1-85898-237-5 | chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/~esp2/autobio1.pdf |access-date=2008-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1951-yilda u bakalavriat taʼlimi uchun Amherst kollejiga bordi. Otasining maslahati bilan Phelps Amherstdagi ikkinchi yilida birinchi [[iqtisodiyot]] kursiga yozildi. Iqtisodchi Jeyms Nelson kursni oʻqidi, u Pol Samuelsonning mashhur „''Economics''“ darsligiga asoslangan edi. Phelps biznesga formal tahlilni qoʻllash imkoniyatidan qattiq taʼsirlangan edi. U tezda mavjud iqtisodiy nazariya va mikroiqtisodiyot hamda makroiqtisodiyot oʻrtasidagi mavjud boʻshliq bilan muhim hal qilinmagan muammoni anglab yetdi.

1955 yilda Amherstdan bakalavr darajasini olgach, Phelps magistratura taʼlimi uchun [[Yale universiteti]]ga bordi. Yaleda u boshqalar qatori boʻlajak Nobel sovrindorlari [[James Tobin]] va [[Thomas Schelling]] qoʻl ostida tahsil oldi. Phelps, shuningdek, agentlarning kutilmalariga urgʻu bergan kursi bilan William Fellner tomonidan ham kuchli taʼsirlangan. Phelps 1959-yilda Yelda iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Ph. D. darajasini oldi.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Majburiy ishsizlik</title>
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      <text bytes="4249" sha1="ndtl0g1bq699ezt2m4n3d85chgsx0b5" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Shaxs ishlashni xohlasa ham ishsiz bo‘lib qoladigan holat}}

'''Majburiy ishsizlik''' (Involuntary unemployment) — bu shaxs [[ishsizlik|ishsiz]] bo‘lgan holat bo‘lib, u amaldagi ish haqi darajasida ishlashga tayyor bo‘lsa ham ish topa olmasligi bilan tavsiflanadi. Bu holat ixtiyoriy ishsizlikdan farq qiladi, bunda odam zaxira ish haqi (reservation wage) amaldagi ish haqidan yuqori bo‘lgani uchun ishlashni o‘zi tanlamaydi. Majburiy ishsizlik mavjud iqtisodiyotda mehnat bozorida amaldagi real ish haqi darajasida mehnat ortiqchaligi yuzaga keladi.{{sfn|Taylor|2008}} Bu real ish haqi talab va taklifni muvozanatlashtiradigan darajaga tushishiga to‘sqinlik qiluvchi omillar mavjud bo‘lganda sodir bo‘ladi (masalan, bozor muvozanatidan yuqori bo‘lgan minimal ish haqi). [[Tarkibiy ishsizlik]] ham majburiy ishsizlik hisoblanadi.

Iqtisodchilar majburiy ishsizlikni tushuntirish uchun bir nechta nazariyalarni ilgari surgan, jumladan '''yashirin shartnoma nazariyasi''', nomuvozanat nazariyasi, bosqichma-bosqich ish haqi belgilash va samaradorlik ish haqi nazariyasi.{{sfn|Taylor|2008}}

Rasmiy ishsizlik darajasi — bu majburiy ishsizlikning jami mehnat kuchiga nisbati (ya’ni majburiy ishsizlik + bandlik yig‘indisi).

==Izohlar==
[[File:Efficiency wage Shapiro Stiglitz.svg|right|thumb|alt=Ish haqi va bandlik munosabatini ko‘rsatuvchi chizma.|Shapiro–Stiglitz modelida ishchilar ishni tashlab qo‘ymasligi uchun ma’lum darajada ish haqi to‘lanadi. Bu ish haqining bozor muvozanat darajasigacha tushishiga yo‘l qo‘ymaydi. To‘liq bandlikka erishib bo‘lmaydi, chunki ishchilar ishsizlik xavfi bo‘lmasa sust ishlashi mumkin. NSC egri chizig‘i to‘liq bandlikda cheksizlikka intiladi.]]

Yashirin shartnoma nazariyasiga asoslangan modellarda, masalan Kostas Azariadis modelida, ish beruvchilar ish haqini kamaytirishda qiyinchiliklarga duch keladi. Ish beruvchilar ko‘pincha ish haqini pasaytirish o‘rniga ishdan bo‘shatishni tanlaydi. Azariadis tavakkalga moyil bo‘lmagan ishchilar va tavakkalga neytral ish beruvchilar sharoitida ishdan bo‘shatish imkoniyati bo‘lgan shartnomalar optimal ekanini ta’kidlagan.{{sfn|De Vroey|2002|p=384}}

[[Keynschilik]] nazariyada majburiy ishsizlik umumiy talab yetishmasligi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, bu talab yetishmasligidan kelib chiqadigan ishsizlikka yaqin tushunchadir.

''Samaradorlik ish haqi''' modellari ish beruvchilar ishchilarga bozor muvozanatidan yuqori ish haqi to‘lashini, ularning unumdorligini oshirish uchun zarur deb tushuntiradi.{{sfn|Taylor|2008}} Tavakkal qilishga asoslangan modellarda ish beruvchilar ishchilar ishni tashlab qo‘yishidan xavotirda bo‘ladi, chunki ular boshqa ishga o‘tib ketishi mumkin. Shu sababli ish beruvchilar yuqoriroq ish haqi to‘lab, tavakkal qilishni qimmatlashtiradi.{{sfn|Taylor|2008}} Barcha firmalar shunday qilganda, muvozanat yuzaga keladi va ishsizlar mavjud ish haqi darajasida ishlashga tayyor bo‘lib qoladi.{{sfn|Shapiro|Stiglitz|1984}}

[[File:Malinvaud unemployment typology.svg|thumb|right|Malinvo tasnifiga ko‘ra, Keyns ishsizlik (tovar va mehnat ortiqchaligi) va klassik ishsizlik (mehnat ortiqchaligi va tovar yetishmasligi) hududlari ko‘rsatilgan.{{sfn|Tsoulfidis|2010|p=294}}]]

[[Robert Barro]] va [[Herschel Grossman]] kabi tadqiqotlarni o‘z ichiga olgan nomuvozanat makroiqtisodiy yondashuvdan so‘ng, [[Edmond Malinvaud]] klassik ishsizlik (ish haqi juda yuqori bo‘lganda) va Keyns ishsizlik (talab yetishmasligi)ni ajratib ko‘rsatgan.{{sfn|Taylor|2008}}

==Nuqtai nazarlar==
Ko‘plab iqtisodchilar uchun majburiy ishsizlik muhim real hodisa hisoblanadi.{{sfn|McCombie|1987|p=203}} Biroq hamma iqtisodchilar ham bu tushunchani qabul qilmaydi.

[[Mancur Olson]] [[Buyuk depressiya]] kabi voqealarni majburiy ishsizlik tushunchasisiz tushuntirib bo‘lmasligini ta’kidlagan.{{sfn|Olson|1982|p=195}}

Boshqa iqtisodchilar, jumladan [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]], majburiy ishsizlik real tushuncha emasligini aytadi va barcha ishsizlikda ixtiyoriy element mavjud deb hisoblaydi.{{sfn|Lucas|1978|p=354}}

Majburiy ishsizlik qidiruv va moslashuv nazariyalarida ham murakkab tushuncha hisoblanadi.{{sfn|Andolfatto|2008}}
==Manbalar==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tovarlar</title>
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      <text bytes="3734" sha1="01vnklfx7ldqoccz5ncl7fd36ltovmo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mediq Sverige Kungsbacka warehouse.jpg|thumb|Omborda joylashtirilgan moddiy tibbiy tovarlar|alt=Omborda joylashtirilgan karton qutilar]]

'''Tovarlar''' — [[iqtisodiyot]] fanida inson uchun foyda keltiradigan, yaʼni [[farovonlik]] yoki [[naflilik]]ni (utility) taʼminlaydigan har qanday narsalardir&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[Alan V. Deardorff]], 2006. ''Terms Of Trade: Glossary of International Economics''&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tovarlar '''zararli narsalar''' (''bads'') bilan qarama-qarshi qoʻyiladi, yaʼni isteʼmolchi uchun salbiy qiymatga ega boʻlgan narsalar, masalan uy ishlari yoki chiqindilar. Bunday narsalar isteʼmolchining umumiy farovonligini kamaytiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dwivedi |first=D. N. |title=Microeconomics: Theory and Applications |year=2016 |pages=133}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iqtisodiyot asosan '''iqtisodiy tovarlar'''ni oʻrganadi, yaʼni [[cheklangan resurslar]] asosida ishlab chiqariladigan tovarlar. Bunday tovarlar ishlab chiqarish uchun mehnat yoki resurslar sarflash talab etiladi. Ular '''erkin tovarlar''' (masalan, [[havo]]) bilan farqlanadi, chunki erkin tovarlar cheksiz miqdorda mavjud boʻladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Samuelson&quot;&gt;Samuelson, P. A. (1980). Economics&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tovarlar odatda iqtisodiyotning ikkinchi sektorida, yaʼni [[xom ashyo]] yoki oraliq tovarlarni qayta ishlash orqali hosil qilinadi.

== Tovarlarning foydaliligi va xususiyatlari ==
Bir birlik tovarni isteʼmol qilish natijasida olinadigan qoʻshimcha qoniqish [[Marjinal naflilik|chegaraviy foydalilik]] deb ataladi.

Koʻpincha tovarlarda '''kamayib boruvchi chegaraviy foydalilik qonuni''' amal qiladi, yaʼni isteʼmol ortgan sari har bir qoʻshimcha birlikdan olinadigan foyda kamayadi.

Baʼzi narsalar foydali boʻlsa-da, yetarlicha kamyob emasligi sababli [[Narx|pul qiymati]]ga ega emas. Masalan, [[Atmosfera|yer atmosferasi]] yoki [[dengiz suvi]]. Bunday narsalar ''erkin tovarlar'' deb ataladi&lt;ref name=&quot;e266&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=General Equilibrium}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

'''Yakuniy tovarlar''' — bu toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri isteʼmol qilinadigan mahsulotlar boʻlib, boshqa tovar ishlab chiqarishda ishlatilmaydi. Masalan, mikrotoʻlqinli pech yoki [[velosiped]].

Ularning tarkibiy qismlari esa '''oraliq tovarlar''' hisoblanadi. Masalan, [[Mato|toʻqimachilik mahsulotlari]] yoki [[tranzistor]]lar kiyim yoki elektron qurilmalar ishlab chiqarishda ishlatiladi.

Uzoq muddat xizmat qiladigan va boshqa tovarlar ishlab chiqarishda qoʻllaniladigan vositalar, masalan, texnika, inson kapitali yoki ekotizimlar '''[[Kapital|kapital tovarlar]]''' deb ataladi.

'''Tijorat tovarlari''' — ishlab chiqarilib, bozorga chiqariladigan moddiy mahsulotlar boʻlib, ular savdo faoliyatida ishlatiladi. Masalan: traktorlar, tijorat transport vositalari, samolyotlar yoki qurilish materiallari.

{{multiple image
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Xom ashyo tushunchasi baʼzan iqtisodiy tovarlar bilan sinonim sifatida ishlatiladi, ammo koʻpincha bozorda sotiladigan [[Xomashyo|xom material]]lar yoki [[Iqtisodiyotning birlamchi sektori|birlamchi sektor]] mahsulotlarini anglatadi&lt;ref&gt;Alan V. Deardorff, 2006&lt;/ref&gt;.

Koʻpgina tovarlar moddiy (koʻrinadigan) boʻlsa-da, ayrimlari nomoddiy shaklda mavjud. Masalan, [[olma]] moddiy tovar, ammo [[yangiliklar]] nomoddiy tovar boʻlib, ular faqat matbaa yoki [[televideniye]] orqali qabul qilinadi.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]
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  <page>
    <title>Esther Duflo</title>
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      <text bytes="6963" sha1="oyuoltl1ka6l0k52r4sr6vohd8s225k" xml:space="preserve">{{Iqtisodchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi = Esther Duflo
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1972|10|25}}
| tugʻilgan_joyi = [[Parij]], [[Fransiya]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| rasmi = Nobel 9 Dec 2019 Esther Duflo (cropped).jpg
| sarlavha = Duflo 2019-yilda
| mukofotlar = {{ubl| [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] (2019)|
Infosys mukofoti (2014)|
John von Neumann mukofoti (2013)|
John Bates Clark medali (2010)|
Calvó-Armengol xalqaro mukofoti (2009)|
Prix du meilleur jeune économiste de France (2005)|
Elaine Bennett tadqiqot mukofoti (2002)|
Muvaffaqiyat akademiyasining Oltin plastinkasi (2022)}}
| soha = Rivojlanish iqtisodiyoti
| hissasi= Randomizatsiyalangan nazorat sinovlari
}}

'''Esther Caroline Duflo''', FBA (1972-yil 25-oktyabrda tugʻilgan) — fransuz-amerikalik iqtisodchi, hozirda [[Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]] (MIT) da Abdul Latif Jamil Qashshoqlikni yumshatish va rivojlanish iqtisodiyoti professori lavozimida ishlaydi&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Esther Duflo {{!}} MIT Economics |url=https://economics.mit.edu/people/faculty/esther-duflo |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=MIT Economics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2019-yilda u turmush oʻrtogʻi Abhijit Banerjee va Michael Kremer bilan birgalikda „global qashshoqlikni yumshatishga eksperimental yondashuvi uchun“ [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Esther Duflo: Facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/duflo/facts/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=The Nobel Prize |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thiery |first=Clément |date=2019-10-16 |title=Franco-American Esther Duflo Wins the Nobel Prize in Economics |url=https://france-amerique.com/franco-american-esther-duflo-wins-the-nobel-prize-in-economics/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=France-Amérique |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademik tayinlovidan tashqari, Duflo Abdul Latif Jamil Qashshoqlik boʻyicha harakat laboratoriyasi (J-PAL)ning asoschisi va hamdirektori boʻlib&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;, bu [[MIT]]da joylashgan tadqiqot markazi siyosatni baholashda randomizatsiyalangan nazorat sinovlaridan foydalanishni targʻib qiladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Parker |first=Ian |date=2010-05-10 |title=The Poverty Lab |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/05/17/the-poverty-lab |access-date=2024-06-24 |magazine=[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yil holatiga koʻra, 400 milliondan ortiq odam J-PAL bilan bogʻliq tadqiqotchilar tomonidan sinovdan oʻtkazilgan dasturlardan taʼsirlangan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Dhaliwal |first1=Iqbal |last2=Floretta |first2=John |last3=Friedlander |first3=Sam |date=2020-02-27 |title=Beyond Randomized Controlled Trials |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/beyond_rcts |access-date=2024-06-20 |work=[[Stanford Social Innovation Review]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2024-yildan beri Duflo, shuningdek, [[MIT]]dagi tayinlovi bilan bir qatorda Parij iqtisodiyot maktabining prezidenti sifatida ham faoliyat yuritadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-20 |title=Esther Duflo, new President of the Paris School of Economics - Paris School of Economics |url=https://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/en/news/esther-duflo-new-president-of-the-paris-school-of-economics/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Paris School of Economics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2025-yil oktabr oyida Tsyurix universiteti Duflo va Banerjee 2026-yil iyul oyida UZH Biznes, Iqtisodiyot va Informatika maktabi fakultetiga qoʻshilishlarini eʼlon qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-10 |title=Nobel Laureates Duflo and Banerjee to Join UZH |url=https://www.news.uzh.ch/en/articles/media/2025/Duflo-and-Banerjee-to-Join-UZH.html |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=www.news.uzh.ch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Duflo Milliy iqtisodiy tadqiqotlar byurosi (NBER)ning tadqiqotchi xodimi&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-01-26 |title=Esther Duflo |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-2009/esther-duflo |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=[[MacArthur Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Rivojlanish boʻyicha tadqiqot va iqtisodiy tahlil byurosi (BREAD)ning boshqaruv kengashi aʼzosi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BREAD - People |url=https://www.ibread.org/about/people/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=[[Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, va Iqtisodiy siyosat tadqiqotlari markazining rivojlanish iqtisodiyoti dasturi direktoridir&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;. Uning tadqiqotlari [[rivojlanish]]ning [[mikroiqtisodiyot]]iga qaratilgan boʻlib, uy xoʻjaligi xatti-harakatlari&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2002 Elaine Bennett Research Prize |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/committees/cswep/about/awards/duflo-final |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=[[American Economic Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, taʼlim&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Esther Duflo, Clark Medalist 2010 |url=https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/honors-awards/bates-clark/esther-duflo |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=[[American Economic Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, moliyaviy inklyuziya&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;, siyosiy iqtisodiyot&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;, [[gender]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; va [[sog‘liqni saqlash]] kabi mavzularni qamrab oladi&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ogden |first=Timothy |date=2011 |title=Radically Small Thinking |url=https://doi.org/10.48558/JW7M-VR93 |journal=[[Stanford Social Innovation Review]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=17|doi=10.48558/JW7M-VR93 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti]]ni olishdan oldin Duflo Amerika iqtisodiy assotsiatsiyasi tomonidan Calvó-Armengol xalqaro mukofoti (2019), Elaine Bennett tadqiqot mukofoti (2002)&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; va John Bates Clark medali (2010) bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;.

Abhijit Banerjee bilan birgalikda Duflo ''[[Poor Economics]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; va „''Good Economics for Hard Times''“ kitoblarining hammuallifidir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Varoufakis |first=Yanis |date=2019-11-11 |title=Good Economics for Hard Times by Abhijit V Banerjee and Esther Duflo review – methodical deconstruction of fake facts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/11/good-economics-for-hard-times-abhijit-banerjee-esther-duflo-review |access-date=2024-06-24 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ular mos ravishda 2011-yil aprel va 2019-yil noyabr oylarida nashr etilgan. „Open Syllabus loyihasi“ maʼlumotlariga koʻra, Duflo iqtisodiyot kurslari boʻyicha kollej oʻquv dasturlarida eng koʻp iqtibos keltirilgan mualliflar orasida ettinchi oʻrinda turadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Open Syllabus Project |url=https://opensyllabus.org/results-list/authors?size=50&amp;fields=Economics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921150129/https://opensyllabus.org/results-list/authors?size=50&amp;fields=Economics |archive-date=21 September 2022 |access-date=12 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tarkibiy ishsizlik</title>
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      <text bytes="4581" sha1="ijcbvwmc5nptkatw4eu8nf8z5nmbl3q" xml:space="preserve">'''Tarkibiy ishsizlik''' — bu [[majburiy ishsizlik]]ning bir turi bo‘lib, iqtisodiyotdagi ishchilarning ko‘nikmalari bilan ish beruvchilar talab qilayotgan ko‘nikmalar o‘rtasidagi nomuvofiqlik natijasida yuzaga keladi (bu '''ko‘nikmalar bo‘shlig‘i''' deb ham ataladi). Tarkibiy ishsizlik ko‘pincha texnologik o‘zgarishlar natijasida yuzaga keladi, bu esa ko‘plab ishchilarning mavjud kasbiy ko‘nikmalarini eskirgan holga keltiradi.

Tarkibiy ishsizlik iqtisodchilar ajratadigan uch turdagi ishsizlikdan biridir, qolganlari [[friksion ishsizlik]] va [[sikl]]ik ishsizlikdir.

U migratsiya yoki qayta tayyorlashni talab qilgani sababli, tarkibiy ishsizlik uzoq muddatli bo‘lishi va uni bartaraf etish sekin kechishi mumkin.

== Sabablar va misollar ==


Shaxsiy sabablarga ko'ra tarkibiy ishsizlik quyidagi sabablarga ko‘ra yuzaga kelishi mumkin:

* Qo‘shimcha ta’lim yoki ish jarayonida o‘qitishni davom ettira olmaslik yoki istamaslik.
* Bozorda talab qilinadigan ko‘nikmalarni bermaydigan ta’lim yo‘nalishini tanlash.
* Ko‘chib o‘tish imkoniyati yo‘qligi.
* Uy sotib yubora olmaslik sababli ko‘chib o‘ta olmaslik (masalan, ko‘chmas mulk qulashida).
* Oila, turmush o‘rtoq yoki do‘stlar bilan qolishni tanlash sababli ko‘chmaslik.

Kengroq miqyosda esa sabablar quyidagilar bo‘lishi mumkin:

* Texnologik eskirish — ma’lum kasbiy ko‘nikmalar foydasiz bo‘lib qoladi.
* [[Unumdorlik]] oshishi — kamroq ishchilar bilan ham talabni qondirish mumkin bo‘ladi.
* Yangi texnologiyalar kamroq, ammo yuqori malakali ishchilarni talab qiladi (masalan, mexanizatsiyalashgan qishloq xo‘jaligi yoki sanoat robotlari).
* Raqobat tufayli ish o‘rinlarining boshqa hududlarga ko‘chishi:
* AQShda ishlab chiqarish ish o‘rinlarining boshqa hududlarga ko‘chishi.
* Globalizatsiya sabab ishlarning arzon ishchi kuchiga ega mamlakatlarga o‘tishi.
* Erkin savdo bitimlari natijasida ustunliklar o‘zgarishi.
* Siyosiy o‘zgarishlar (masalan, Sovet Ittifoqining parchalanishi).

Yirik iqtisodiy o‘zgarishlar ham muammo tug‘diradi. Masalan, agar bir shaharda yagona yirik korxona yopilsa, ishchilar boshqa ish topa olmaydi va qayta tayyorlash zarur bo‘ladi.

Ish beruvchilar ham ba’zan ko‘nikmalarga aloqador bo‘lmagan sabablar bilan ishchilarni rad etadi, masalan [[diskriminatsiya]] (nogironlik, irq yoki jinsiy orientatsiya bo‘yicha).

Qisqa muddatli talab o‘zgarishlari tsiklik ishsizlikni keltirib chiqarsa, tarkibiy ishsizlik turli sohalardagi talab o‘zgarishlari bilan bog‘liq bo‘lishi mumkin. Masalan, mavsumiy ishlar tugagach [[mavsumiy ishsizlik]] yuzaga keladi.

Tarkibiy ishsizlik sanoat ichida ham yuzaga kelishi mumkin, chunki texnologiya ish tabiatini o‘zgartiradi.

== Boshqa ishsizlik turlari bilan bog‘liqligi ==

Tarkibiy ishsizlikni [[friksion ishsizlik]]dan ajratish qiyin, faqat u odatda uzoqroq davom etadi.

[[Mavsumiy ishsizlik]] ba’zan tarkibiy ishsizlik turi sifatida qaraladi.

Uzoq davom etgan [[siklik ishsizlik]] ham tarkibiy ishsizlikni kuchaytirishi mumkin, chunki ishchilarning ko‘nikmalari eskirib boradi va ular yangi ish o‘rinlariga mos kelmay qoladi. Bu holat gisterezis deb ataladi.

== Bahslar ==
{{quote box | width=25em| bgcolor=#00C4DE |align=left|qalign=left |quote=&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt;'''Ta’lim va ish ikki alohida dunyoda mavjud bo‘lib, ular deyarli bog‘lanmaydi''' — ''Sandalio Gomez''&lt;/div&gt; |}}

Tarkibiy ishsizlikning roli haqida iqtisodchilar o‘rtasida bahslar mavjud. Ba’zilar 2007–2009 yillardagi inqirozdan keyingi ishsizlikning katta qismi aynan ko‘nikmalar nomuvofiqligi bilan bog‘liq deb hisoblaydi.

Boshqalar esa asosiy sabab umumiy talabning pastligi deb hisoblaydi.

Ba’zi iqtisodchilar minimal ish haqi ham tarkibiy ishsizlikka ta’sir qiladi deb hisoblaydi, chunki u ayrim ishchilarni ish bozoridan chiqarib qo‘yadi.

Peter Cappelli esa ish beruvchilarning noto‘g‘ri kadr siyosatini sabab sifatida ko‘rsatadi, jumladan tajribali xodimlar o‘rniga avtomatlashtirilgan tizimlardan foydalanish va ish joyida o‘qitishni kamaytirish.

==Shuningdek qarang==
*[[Klassik ishsizlik]]
*[[Sanoatsizlashtirish]]
*[[Majburiy ishsizlik]]
*[[Ishsizlikning tabiiy darajasi]]
*[[Ishsizlikni tiklash]]
*[[Postindustrial jamiyat]]
*[[Mehnat rezerv armiyasi]]
*[[Ishsizlik turlari]]
*[[Mehnat iqtisodiyoti]]
*[[Ishsizlik]]

== Further reading ==

* Ganapati, Priya. Brainy Robots To Lead To Longer Unemployment Lines?


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Structural Unemployment}}
[[Category:Ishsizlik]]</text>
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    <title>Friksion ishsizlik</title>
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      <text bytes="3395" sha1="lttkk3v81fwdkqp53wyjxi7m6xhfidr" xml:space="preserve">'''Friksion ishsizlik''' — bu [[ishsizlik]]ning bir turi bo‘lib, insonning ixtiyoriy ravishda ishini tark etishi va yangi ish topishi o‘rtasidagi vaqt oralig‘ini ifodalaydi. Shu sababli u ba’zan '''qidiruv ishsizligi''' deb ham ataladi, chunki u bir ish joyidan boshqasiga o‘tish jarayonidagi tanaffuslarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=[http://www.maine.gov/labor/cwri/help/terms.html|title=Glossary](http://www.maine.gov/labor/cwri/help/terms.html|title=Glossary) of Terms|website=[www.maine.gov](http://www.maine.gov)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Friksion ishsizlik ishsizlikning uch asosiy turidan biri bo‘lib, qolganlari [[tarkibiy ishsizlik]] va [[sikl]]ik ishsizlikdir. Friksion ishsizlik sabablari qatoriga yaxshiroq ish imkoniyatlari, xizmatlar, ish haqi, oldingi ishdan qoniqmaslik, kasaba uyushmalari ish tashlashlari va boshqa mehnat harakatlari kiradi.

==Tahlil==
[[Image:US_beveridge_2004_through_fall_2010.gif|thumb|AQSh Mehnat Statistikasi Byurosi ma’lumotlari asosida bo‘sh ish o‘rinlari va ishsizlik darajasi (Beveridge egri chizig‘i)]]
Friksion ishsizlik mavjud bo‘ladi, chunki ish o‘rinlari ham, ishchilar ham Geterogendir, ya’ni ularning xususiyatlari turlicha bo‘ladi. Natijada talab va taklif o‘rtasida nomuvofiqlik yuzaga kelishi mumkin. Bu nomuvofiqlik ko‘nikmalar, ish haqi, ish vaqti, joylashuv, va boshqa omillar bilan bog‘liq bo‘lishi mumkin. Yangi ish bozoriga kirayotganlar (masalan, bitiruvchilar) va qayta kirayotganlar (masalan, sobiq uy bekalari) ham friksion ishsizlikka duch kelishi mumkin.

Ishchilar ham, ish beruvchilar ham mukammal moslikni darhol qabul qilmaydi; ular yaxshiroq mos variantni topish uchun vaqt sarflaydi. Bu aslida iqtisodiyot uchun foydali, chunki resurslar samaraliroq taqsimlanadi. Biroq qidiruv juda uzoq davom etsa yoki nomuvofiqliklar ko‘p bo‘lsa, iqtisodiyot zarar ko‘radi.

Friksion ishsizlik [[to‘liq bandlik]] tushunchasi bilan mos keladi. To‘liq bandlik sharoitida ham friksion ishsizlik tufayli ishsizlik darajasi nolga teng bo‘lmaydi.

Mehnat bozoridagi “ishqalanishlar” ko‘pincha grafik tarzda [[Beveridge egri chizig‘i]] orqali ko‘rsatiladi. Bu egri chiziq ishsizlik darajasi va bo‘sh ish o‘rinlari o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni ifodalaydi.

Bir ish joyidan boshqasiga o‘tish muddati iqtisodiy sharoitga bog‘liq: rivojlanayotgan iqtisodiyotda qisqaradi, inqirozda esa uzayadi. Biroq har qanday sharoitda ham ma’lum darajada friksion ishsizlik mavjud bo‘ladi.

==Misollar==
Friksion ishsizlikning bir turi '''kutish ishsizligi''' deb ataladi: bunda ayrim sohalarda ish haqi bozor muvozanatidan yuqori bo‘ladi va boshqa ishchilar shu ishni kutib vaqt o‘tkazadi.

Masalan, Gollivudda aktyor bo‘lishni kutayotganlar restoranlarda ishlashi mumkin. Ular rasmiy ravishda band bo‘lsa-da, to‘liq band emas deb qaralishi mumkin.

==Yechimlar==
Friksion ishsizlikni kamaytirish uchun siyosatlar:

* ta’lim va kasbga yo‘naltirish
* mavjud ish o‘rinlari haqida ma’lumot berish
* [[kamsitish]]ga qarshi kurash
* rag‘batlar va tartibga solish choralarini qo‘llash
* sanoat va xizmatlarni qayta joylashtirish
* moslashuvchanlikni oshirish (masalan, [[bolalar bog‘chalari]])
* nogironlar uchun yordam
* yalpi va sof ish haqi o‘rtasidagi farqni kamaytirish
* ish ruxsatnomalarini tartibga solish

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Ishsizlik]]</text>
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    <title>Ishsizlikning tabiiy darajasi</title>
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{{short description|Iqtisodiy faoliyatni o‘rganishda muhim tushuncha}}

'''Tabiiy ishsizlik darajasi''' — bu [[Iqtisodiyot|iqtisodiy]] faoliyatni o‘rganishda muhim tushuncha bo‘lib, u iqtisodiyotda [[to‘liq bandlik]] holatida ham mavjud bo‘ladigan ishsizlik ulushini anglatadi. Ushbu tushuncha 1960-yillarda [[Milton Friedman]] va [[Edmund Phelps]] tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo‘lib, ular bu yo‘nalishdagi ishlari uchun Iqtisodiyot fanlari bo‘yicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo‘lganlar.

Oddiy qilib aytganda, tabiiy ishsizlik darajasi — bu iqtisodiyot muvozanat holatida bo‘lganda ishchi kuchining ma’lum bir qismi ishsiz bo‘lib qolishini anglatadi. Boshqacha aytganda, iqtisodiy atama sifatida “to‘liq bandlik” “nol ishsizlik” degani emas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| title = The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976. Press release
| publisher = Nobelprize.org
| date = October 14, 1976
| url = [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/press.html](http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/press.html)
| access-date = February 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bu tushuncha uzoq muddatda [[yalpi ichki mahsulot]] ishlab chiqarish darajasi bilan mos keladigan ishsizlik darajasini ifodalaydi. Ushbu daraja ishchi bozori va tovar bozorlari mukammal ishlamagan holatda ham yuzaga keladi.

Tabiiy ishsizlik darajasi asosan iqtisodiyotning taklif tomoni bilan belgilanadi. Agar mehnat bozorida doimiy nomutanosibliklar yoki ish haqi qat’iyligi mavjud bo‘lsa, unda bu daraja ichida [[majburiy ishsizlik]] ham bo‘lishi mumkin.

U odatda [[friksion ishsizlik]] va strukturaviy ishsizlik yig‘indisidan iborat bo‘ladi.

---

# Rivojlanishi

[[Friedrich Hayek]] to‘liq bandlikni sun’iy ravishda yaratish inflyatsiyaga olib kelishi mumkinligini ta’kidlagan. [[David Hume]] esa hali 1752-yildayoq pul massasi oshishi ish haqi oshishiga olib kelishini kuzatgan.

Tabiiy ishsizlik tushunchasining klassik ifodasi [[Milton Friedman]] tomonidan 1967-yilda [[Amerika Iqtisodiy Assotsiatsiyasi]]dagi nutqida berilgan:

Har qanday vaqtda shunday ishsizlik darajasi mavjudki, u real ish haqi muvozanati bilan mos keladi...

Friedman bu tushunchani mehnat bozori talab va taklif modeli orqali tushuntirgan.


# Fillips egri chizig‘i bilan bog‘liqligi

[[Milton Friedman]] tabiiy ishsizlik darajasini [[Fillips egri chizig'i]] bilan bog‘lagan. Bu egri chiziq inflyatsiya va ishsizlik o‘rtasida qisqa muddatli teskari bog‘liqlik borligini ko‘rsatadi.

Friedman va [[Edmund Felps]] quyidagilarni ta’kidlagan:

* past ishsizlik vaqtinchalik bo‘lishi mumkin,
* uzoq muddatda inflyatsiya oshsa ham ishsizlik yana tabiiy darajaga qaytadi,
* uzoq muddatli Fillips egri chizig‘i vertikal bo‘ladi.

Shuning uchun ular shunday xulosa qilgan: talabni oshirish orqali ishsizlikni doimiy ravishda kamaytirib bo‘lmaydi.

# Tanqidlar

Tabiiy ishsizlik nazariyasi bir qator tanqidlarga uchragan:

* [[Milton Friedman]]ning o‘zi ham tabiiy darajani aniq o‘lchab bo‘lmasligini tan olgan.
* Ba’zi iqtisodchilar yagona muvozanat darajasi mavjud emas deb hisoblaydi.
* [[Roger Farmer]] (UCLA) fikricha, amaliy ma’lumotlar ishsizlik har doim tabiiy darajaga qaytishini ko‘rsatmaydi.
* Ba’zi modellarda bir nechta muvozanat darajalari mavjud bo‘lishi mumkin (masalan, [[Olmosli kokos modeli]]).

# Shuningdek qarang

* [[Klassik dikotomiya]]
* [[Friksion ishsizlik]]
* [[Strukturaviy ishsizlik]]
* [[Fillips egri chizig'i]]
* [[NAIRU]]
* [[Mehnat iqtisodiyoti]]
* [[Ishsizlik]]

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  <page>
    <title>Gipermarket</title>
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      <text bytes="4310" sha1="5sxxjtwrc7435hoef1lbq0bjvrqwyah" xml:space="preserve">[[File:MoA 172.jpg|thumb|[[Filippin]]dagi Osiyo gipermarketi, Pasay, Metro Maniladagi SM Mall of Asiada joylashgan SM Hypermarket filiali]]
'''Gipermarket''' — bu [[supermarket]] va universamni birlashtirgan keng qamrovli doʻkondir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hypermarket.asp|title=Hypermarket|date=24 June 2007|work=Investopedia|access-date=26 September 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Natijada, bir tom ostida toʻliq oziq-ovqat liniyalari va umumiy tovarlarni oʻz ichiga olgan keng qamrovli [[chakana savdo]] ob’ekti paydo boʻladi. Nazariy jihatdan, gipermarketlar mijozlarga barcha muntazam xarid ehtiyojlarini bir safarda qondirish imkonini beradi. ''Gipermarket'' atamasi ({{langx|fr|hypermarché}}) 1968-yilda fransuz savdo mutaxassisi Jak Pikte tomonidan yaratilgan{{sfn|Grimmeau|2013|p=3}}.

Gipermarketlar, boshqa keng qamrovli doʻkonlar kabi, odatda yuqori hajmli, past marjali [[savdo]]ga qaratilgan biznes modellariga ega. Odatda 5000 m² dan 15000 m² gacha boʻlgan maydonni egallab, ular odatda istalgan vaqtda 200000 dan ortiq turdagi tovarlarga ega. Katta izlari tufayli koʻplab gipermarketlar avtomobil bilan oson yetib borish mumkin boʻlgan shahar atrofi yoki shahar tashqarisidagi joylarni tanlaydi.

== Tarixi ==
=== Kanada ===
Loblaws 1979-yilda oʻzining „Real Canadian Superstore“ tarmogʻini yaratdi. U asosan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini sotadi, shu bilan birga kiyim-kechak, elektronika va uy-roʻzgʻor buyumlarini ham chakana sotadi. Kanadadagi uning eng katta raqobatchisi [[Walmart]] hisoblanadi. Bular Kanadaning ikkita asosiy gipermarketidir.

=== Yevropa ===
1961-yilda, Belgiya qonunlarining universal doʻkonlar hajmini cheklovchi qoidalari bekor qilinganidan soʻng, belgiyalik chakana sotuvchi „Grand Bazar“ „''SuperBazar''“ nomi ostida uchta gipermarket ochdi. 9-sentyabrda Bryugge ochilgan birinchisi 3300 kvadrat metr (36 000 kv ft) maydonni egallagan boʻlsa, Bryusselning Audergem shahridagi ikkinchisi 9100 kvadrat metr (98 000 kv ft) maydonni egallab, bu gipermarket kontseptsiyasining muhim ilk namunasi sifatida qayd etilgan{{sfn|Grimmeau|2013|pp=1–3}}.

Bu kontseptsiyani Qoʻshma Shtatlarga tez-tez qilgan sayohatlaridan, xususan [[Paramus, New Jersey]]dagi „Grand Union“ning „Grand Way“ markazidan ilhomlangan holda qabul qilgan belgiyalik bozor muhandisi edi{{sfn|Grimmeau|2013|pp=2;7}}.

[[Carrefour]] oʻzining birinchi gipermarketini 1963-yilda Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, [[Fransiya]]da ochdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=How first out of town superstore changed the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23900465}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Hamkor asoschilarga kolumbiyalik-amerikalik marketing ijrochi direktori Bernardo Trujilloning taʼlimotlari taʼsir koʻrsatgan, u NCR korporatsiyasining marketing kampaniyasi doirasida ijrochi taʼlim bergan&lt;ref name=&quot;lesechosbernardolaccoucheur&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Bernardo Trujillo, l'accoucheur des grandes surfaces|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/08/12/1999/LesEchos/18042-153-ECH_bernardo-trujillo--l-accoucheur-des-grandes-surfaces.htm|access-date=10 February 2018|work=Les Echos|date=8 December 1999|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122313/https://www.lesechos.fr/08/12/1999/LesEchos/18042-153-ECH_bernardo-trujillo--l-accoucheur-des-grandes-surfaces.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Fransiyada gipermarketlar odatda shaharlar tashqarisidagi savdo markazlarida ({{langx|fr|centre commercial }} yoki ''centre d’achats'') joylashgan, biroq baʼzilari shahar markazida mavjud. Ular keng avtoturargohlar bilan oʻralgan va odatda kiyim-kechak, sport anjomlari, avtomobil buyumlari va boshqalarni sotuvchi boshqa ixtisoslashtirilgan superstorelar bilan yonma-yon joylashgan.

Super va gipermarketlarning muvaffaqiyatlaridan soʻng va kichikroq doʻkonlar biznesdan siqib chiqarilishidan qoʻrqib, [[Fransiya]] gipermarketlar qurishni qiyinlashtiruvchi va gipermarket tarmoqlarining oʻz yetkazib beruvchilariga nisbatan qoʻllashi mumkin boʻlgan iqtisodiy taʼsir kuchini cheklovchi qonunlar qabul qildi (''Loi Galland'').

Buyuk Britaniyada birinchi gipermarket West Bridgfordda edi. U 110 000 kv ft maydonga ega edi va 1964-yilda ochilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisod]]
[[Turkum:Savdo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jeffrey M. Lacker</title>
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      <text bytes="3468" sha1="rm2iphg04ciige3xsal7pdkp1s26ww8" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeffrey M. Laker''' (1955-yil 27-sentabrda tug‘ilgan) — amerikalik [[iqtisodchi]] bo‘lib, 2017-yil 4-aprelgacha Richmond Federal zaxira banki prezidenti lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. U, shuningdek, [[Virjiniya Hamdo‘stlik universiteti]] va Virjiniyadagi Biznes maktabi iqtisodiyot bo‘limida faxriy professor bo‘lgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.vcu.edu/article/Former_Richmond_Fed_president_Jeffrey_Lacker_to_join_VCU_School|title=Former
 Richmond Fed president Jeffrey Lacker to join VCU School of Business|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dastlabki hayoti==

Laker [[Lexington, Kentucky]]da tug‘ilgan va Rijvud, Nyu-Jersida ulg‘aygan.&lt;ref&gt;Harper, Christine. &quot;A Conversation with Jeffrey M. Lacker&quot;, Tashqi aloqalar kengashi, May 9, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

U 1977-yilda Franklin va Marshall kollejida iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha bakalavr darajasini olgan. Bitirgach, Filadelfiyadagi &quot;Wharton Ekonometric Forecasting Associates&quot; tashkilotida ishlagan.

Keyinchalik 1984-yilda u &quot;Viskonsin-Medison&quot; universitetida iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha PhD darajasini  qo‘lga kiritgan. 1984–1989-yillarda [[Purdue universiteti]]ning [[Krannert menejment maktab]]ida iqtisodiyot bo‘yicha assistent professor bo‘lib ishlagan.

==Federal rezerv tizimidagi faoliyati==

Laker 1989-yilda Richmond Federal zaxira bankiga iqtisodchi sifatida ishga kirgan. Keyinchalik:

1994-yilda tadqiqot bo‘limi rahbari,
1996-yilda vitse-prezident,
1999-yilda katta vitse-prezident va tadqiqot departamenti direktori bo‘lgan.

2004-yil 1-avgustda u Richmond Federal rezerv bankining yettinchi prezidenti sifatida ish boshlagan.

U Federal ochiq bozor qo‘mitasie (FOMC) a’zosi sifatida pul-kredit siyosati bo‘yicha qarorlar qabul qilishda ishtirok etgan.

Muhim qarorlari:
2006-yilda foiz stavkalarini oshirish tarafdori bo‘lib, bir necha yig‘ilishlarda yakka qarshi ovoz bergan.
2009-yilda pul bazasini kengaytirish bo‘yicha alternativ choralarni qo‘llab-quvvatlagan.
2012-yilda [[Miqdoriy yumshatish]] siyosatiga qarshi chiqqan.
2015-yilda foiz stavkalarini oshirish tarafdori bo‘lgan yagona ovoz egasi bo‘lgan.

U ko‘pincha mustaqil fikr bildirgani uchun “maverick” (mustaqil qaror qiluvchi) sifatida ta’riflangan.

Iste’fosi

2017-yil 4-aprelda Laker kutilmaganda iste’foga chiqdi.

Sabab:

2012-yilda u maxfiy Federal rezerv ma’lumotlarini moliyaviy tahlilchi bilan muhokama qilganini tan oldi,
va bu haqda ichki tekshiruvda to‘liq ma’lumot bermagan.

Tekshiruvlar:

Federal rezerv,
Tovar fyucherslari bo‘yicha savdo komissiyasi,
AQSh prokuraturasi

tomonidan o‘tkazilgan, ammo hech qanday jinoiy ayblov qo‘yilmagan.

Keyingi faoliyati

2018-yilda u Virjiniya Hamdo‘stlik universiteti Biznes maktabida iqtisodiyot bo‘limiga faxriy professor sifatida tayinlangan.

Boshqa faoliyatlari

Laker pul-kredit siyosati, moliya va to‘lov tizimlari bo‘yicha ko‘plab ilmiy maqolalar muallifi hisoblanadi.

U:

Uilyam va Meri kollejida dars bergan,
[[Shveysariya Milliy banki]]da mehmon tadqiqotchisi bo‘lgan.

U quyidagi tashkilotlarda faol:

[[Iqtisodiy ta’lim kengashi]] direktori,
&quot;World Affairs Council of Greater Richmond&quot; a’zosi,
[[Richmond universiteti]] vasiylar kengashi a’zosi.
Shaxsiy hayoti

Jeffrey Laker [[Lexington, Kentucky]]da tug‘ilgan.

Uning ota-onasi:

William Ralph Lacker
Marion Pharis Spears Lacker

Turmush o‘rtog‘i:

Lisa Halberstadt

Farzandlari:

Benjamin
Daniel
References

{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dmytro Derevytskyy</title>
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      <text bytes="5955" sha1="thrhgxar0uezhsoymwp9bv7isfyqf8m" xml:space="preserve">{{thr|[[Foydalanuvchi:Bobonorova Hulkar|Bobonorova Hulkar]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Bobonorova Hulkar|munozara]]) 18:41, 2026-yil 10-aprel (UTC)}}
'''Dmytro Derevytskyy''' (ukraincha: Dmitro Derevitskiy) — [[ukraina]]lik [[tadbirkor]] va [[Allo Group of Companies]] asoschisi.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==
Dmytro Derevytskyy 1973-yil 23-dekabrda Dnipro shahrida tadbirkor va qurilish kooperativi asoschisi boʻlgan Hryhorii Derevytskyy oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DJC - Новостной портал еврейской общины Днепра |url=https://www.djc.com.ua/news/view/new/?id=2055%20https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=www.djc.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Бриман |first=Шимон |date=2009-08-12 |title=Чекисты против каббалиста |url=https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=OBOZREVATEL |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1995-yilda Derevytskyy Dnipro davlat universitetini [[iqtisodiyot]] mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=&quot;Сьогодні швидкість має значення&quot;. Цифрове життя Дмитра Деревицького, співвласника компанії АЛЛО — Forbes.ua |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/sogodni-shvidkist-mae-znachennya-tsifrove-zhittya-dmitra-derevitskogo-spivvlasnika-kompanii-allo-29062021-1889 |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=forbes.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2005-yilda u Xalqaro menejment institutini tamomlab, biznes boshqaruvi magistri (MBA) darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий (совладелец компании Алло). Часть 2: Личное | date=29 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQYa5MytUc |language=uk-UA |accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
1996-yilda u maishiy texnika sotiladigan ikkita doʻkon ochdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=&quot;Когда мы зашли в магазин, мне стало стыдно за Best Buy&quot;, — Дмитрий Деревицкий, совладелец &quot;Алло&quot; |url=https://vctr.media/bolshaya-ruba-derevitskiy-22031/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=Vector |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda otasi [[Hryhorii Derevytskyy]] bilan birgalikda „Allo“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Симонова |first=Анастасия |date=2019-12-17 |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий, АЛЛО: как открыть сеть магазинов {{!}} MC.today |url=https://mc.today/nikogda-ne-rabotal-na-kogo-to-segodnya-u-menya-345-magazinov-istoriya-sozdatelya-allo/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=mc.today |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yildan boshlab u Allo Group kompaniyalar guruhi strategiyasi uchun mas’ul boʻlib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Алло&quot; планирует развиваться как национальный маркетплейс |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/780893.html |website=Интерфакс-Украина |accessdate=2023-04-12 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Derevytskyy 2018-yilda VI yillik „Retail &amp; Development Business Summit“ sammitida ishtirok etgan hamda „NV Business“ saytida muhandislik, texnologiya va iqtisodiyot mavzularida muntazam maqolalar yozadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retail&amp;Development Business Summit 2018: как это было (фоторепортаж)|url=https://rau.ua/ru/news/retail-development-business-summit-2018/|website=rau.ua|date=2018-12-08|accessdate=2023-04-12|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дмитрий Деревицкий — биография, фото, новости, публикации / NV|url=https://biz.nv.ua/expert_author/dmitriy-derevickiy.html|website=biz.nv.ua|accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2017-yilda Derevitskiy rahbarligida „Allo“ oʻzining onlayn savdo doʻkonini ishga tushirdi va birinchi „Allo Max“ namunaviy doʻkonining ochilishi bilan chakana savdoning yangi formatini joriy qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Онлайн рятує бізнес: Алло наростило продажі майже до 50% |url=https://retailers.ua/news/menedjment/onlayn-ryatuye-biznes-allo-narostilo-prodaji-mayje-do-50?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=retailers.ua |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=У хмельницькому ТРЦ Оазис відкрився магазин нового формату Алло MAX – Асоціація рітейлерів України |url=https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117120626/https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-date=2021-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=rau.ua |language=uk-UA}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yilda Derevitskiy chakana savdo va rivojlanish sanoatining IV xalqaro ixtisoslashtirilgan koʻrgazmasi — **RAU Expo**da maʼruzachi sifatida ishtirok etdi. U yerda chakana savdo kompaniyalari uchun inqirozga qarshi boshqaruv strategiyalari mavzusidagi panel munozarasida qatnashdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=RAU Expo 2020: how the largest meeting of the retail and development industry went (Photo report) |url=https://rau.ua/news/rau-expo-2020-fotoreportazh/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=rau.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2024-yilda Derevitskiy „Allo“ kompaniyasini toʻliq rebrending qilish jarayoniga boshchilik qildi. Bunda u kompaniya strategiyasini shunchaki keng tarmoqli savdo doʻkonchasidan innovatsiyalarga yoʻnaltirilgan platformaga oʻzgartirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |title=Allo updated its brand and created a category |url=https://marketer.ua/ua/allo-updated-its-brand-and-created-a-category/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Derevytskyy Natalia ismli fotograf bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning uch nafar farzandi bor.


== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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        <id>138656</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Tadbirkorlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="5980" sha1="2jw39ez4352p1q37fbfl3j2qgvarnq5" xml:space="preserve">{{thr|[[Foydalanuvchi:Bobonorova Hulkar|Bobonorova Hulkar]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Bobonorova Hulkar|munozara]]) 18:41, 2026-yil 10-aprel (UTC)}}
'''Dmytro Derevytskyy''' (ukraincha: Dmitro Derevitskiy) — [[ukraina]]lik [[tadbirkor]] va [[Allo Group of Companies]] asoschisi.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==
Dmytro Derevytskyy 1973-yil 23-dekabrda Dnipro shahrida tadbirkor va qurilish kooperativi asoschisi boʻlgan Hryhorii Derevytskyy oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DJC - Новостной портал еврейской общины Днепра |url=https://www.djc.com.ua/news/view/new/?id=2055%20https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=www.djc.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Бриман |first=Шимон |date=2009-08-12 |title=Чекисты против каббалиста |url=https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=OBOZREVATEL |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1995-yilda Derevytskyy Dnipro davlat universitetini [[iqtisodiyot]] mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=&quot;Сьогодні швидкість має значення&quot;. Цифрове життя Дмитра Деревицького, співвласника компанії АЛЛО — Forbes.ua |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/sogodni-shvidkist-mae-znachennya-tsifrove-zhittya-dmitra-derevitskogo-spivvlasnika-kompanii-allo-29062021-1889 |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=forbes.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2005-yilda u Xalqaro menejment institutini tamomlab, biznes boshqaruvi magistri (MBA) darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий (совладелец компании Алло). Часть 2: Личное | date=29 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQYa5MytUc |language=uk-UA |accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
1996-yilda u maishiy texnika sotiladigan ikkita doʻkon ochdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=&quot;Когда мы зашли в магазин, мне стало стыдно за Best Buy&quot;, — Дмитрий Деревицкий, совладелец &quot;Алло&quot; |url=https://vctr.media/bolshaya-ruba-derevitskiy-22031/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=Vector |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda otasi [[Hryhorii Derevytskyy]] bilan birgalikda „Allo“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Симонова |first=Анастасия |date=2019-12-17 |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий, АЛЛО: как открыть сеть магазинов {{!}} MC.today |url=https://mc.today/nikogda-ne-rabotal-na-kogo-to-segodnya-u-menya-345-magazinov-istoriya-sozdatelya-allo/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=mc.today |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yildan boshlab u Allo Group kompaniyalar guruhi strategiyasi uchun mas’ul boʻlib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Алло&quot; планирует развиваться как национальный маркетплейс |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/780893.html |website=Интерфакс-Украина |accessdate=2023-04-12 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Derevytskyy 2018-yilda VI yillik „Retail &amp; Development Business Summit“ sammitida ishtirok etgan hamda „NV Business“ saytida muhandislik, texnologiya va iqtisodiyot mavzularida muntazam maqolalar yozadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retail&amp;Development Business Summit 2018: как это было (фоторепортаж)|url=https://rau.ua/ru/news/retail-development-business-summit-2018/|website=rau.ua|date=2018-12-08|accessdate=2023-04-12|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дмитрий Деревицкий — биография, фото, новости, публикации / NV|url=https://biz.nv.ua/expert_author/dmitriy-derevickiy.html|website=biz.nv.ua|accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2017-yilda Derevitskiy rahbarligida „Allo“ oʻzining onlayn savdo doʻkonini ishga tushirdi va birinchi „Allo Max“ namunaviy doʻkonining ochilishi bilan chakana savdoning yangi formatini joriy qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Онлайн рятує бізнес: Алло наростило продажі майже до 50% |url=https://retailers.ua/news/menedjment/onlayn-ryatuye-biznes-allo-narostilo-prodaji-mayje-do-50?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=retailers.ua |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=У хмельницькому ТРЦ Оазис відкрився магазин нового формату Алло MAX – Асоціація рітейлерів України |url=https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117120626/https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-date=2021-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=rau.ua |language=uk-UA}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yilda Derevitskiy chakana savdo va rivojlanish sanoatining IV xalqaro ixtisoslashtirilgan koʻrgazmasi — **RAU Expo**da maʼruzachi sifatida ishtirok etdi. U yerda chakana savdo kompaniyalari uchun inqirozga qarshi boshqaruv strategiyalari mavzusidagi panel munozarasida qatnashdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=RAU Expo 2020: how the largest meeting of the retail and development industry went (Photo report) |url=https://rau.ua/news/rau-expo-2020-fotoreportazh/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=rau.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2024-yilda Derevitskiy „Allo“ kompaniyasini toʻliq rebrending qilish jarayoniga boshchilik qildi. Bunda u kompaniya strategiyasini shunchaki keng tarmoqli savdo doʻkonchasidan innovatsiyalarga yoʻnaltirilgan platformaga oʻzgartirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |title=Allo updated its brand and created a category |url=https://marketer.ua/ua/allo-updated-its-brand-and-created-a-category/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Derevytskyy Natalia ismli fotograf bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning uch nafar farzandi bor.


== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Tadbirkorlar]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:1973-yilda tugʻilganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="6016" sha1="kg0352jqbh6lpc6glgjtx35k0xqk9ng" xml:space="preserve">{{thr|[[Foydalanuvchi:Bobonorova Hulkar|Bobonorova Hulkar]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Bobonorova Hulkar|munozara]]) 18:41, 2026-yil 10-aprel (UTC)}}
'''Dmytro Derevytskyy''' (ukraincha: Dmitro Derevitskiy) — [[ukraina]]lik [[tadbirkor]] va [[Allo Group of Companies]] asoschisi.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==
Dmytro Derevytskyy 1973-yil 23-dekabrda Dnipro shahrida tadbirkor va qurilish kooperativi asoschisi boʻlgan Hryhorii Derevytskyy oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DJC - Новостной портал еврейской общины Днепра |url=https://www.djc.com.ua/news/view/new/?id=2055%20https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=www.djc.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Бриман |first=Шимон |date=2009-08-12 |title=Чекисты против каббалиста |url=https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=OBOZREVATEL |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1995-yilda Derevytskyy Dnipro davlat universitetini [[iqtisodiyot]] mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=&quot;Сьогодні швидкість має значення&quot;. Цифрове життя Дмитра Деревицького, співвласника компанії АЛЛО — Forbes.ua |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/sogodni-shvidkist-mae-znachennya-tsifrove-zhittya-dmitra-derevitskogo-spivvlasnika-kompanii-allo-29062021-1889 |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=forbes.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2005-yilda u Xalqaro menejment institutini tamomlab, biznes boshqaruvi magistri (MBA) darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий (совладелец компании Алло). Часть 2: Личное | date=29 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQYa5MytUc |language=uk-UA |accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
1996-yilda u maishiy texnika sotiladigan ikkita doʻkon ochdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=&quot;Когда мы зашли в магазин, мне стало стыдно за Best Buy&quot;, — Дмитрий Деревицкий, совладелец &quot;Алло&quot; |url=https://vctr.media/bolshaya-ruba-derevitskiy-22031/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=Vector |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda otasi [[Hryhorii Derevytskyy]] bilan birgalikda „Allo“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Симонова |first=Анастасия |date=2019-12-17 |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий, АЛЛО: как открыть сеть магазинов {{!}} MC.today |url=https://mc.today/nikogda-ne-rabotal-na-kogo-to-segodnya-u-menya-345-magazinov-istoriya-sozdatelya-allo/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=mc.today |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yildan boshlab u Allo Group kompaniyalar guruhi strategiyasi uchun mas’ul boʻlib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Алло&quot; планирует развиваться как национальный маркетплейс |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/780893.html |website=Интерфакс-Украина |accessdate=2023-04-12 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Derevytskyy 2018-yilda VI yillik „Retail &amp; Development Business Summit“ sammitida ishtirok etgan hamda „NV Business“ saytida muhandislik, texnologiya va iqtisodiyot mavzularida muntazam maqolalar yozadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retail&amp;Development Business Summit 2018: как это было (фоторепортаж)|url=https://rau.ua/ru/news/retail-development-business-summit-2018/|website=rau.ua|date=2018-12-08|accessdate=2023-04-12|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дмитрий Деревицкий — биография, фото, новости, публикации / NV|url=https://biz.nv.ua/expert_author/dmitriy-derevickiy.html|website=biz.nv.ua|accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2017-yilda Derevitskiy rahbarligida „Allo“ oʻzining onlayn savdo doʻkonini ishga tushirdi va birinchi „Allo Max“ namunaviy doʻkonining ochilishi bilan chakana savdoning yangi formatini joriy qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Онлайн рятує бізнес: Алло наростило продажі майже до 50% |url=https://retailers.ua/news/menedjment/onlayn-ryatuye-biznes-allo-narostilo-prodaji-mayje-do-50?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=retailers.ua |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=У хмельницькому ТРЦ Оазис відкрився магазин нового формату Алло MAX – Асоціація рітейлерів України |url=https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117120626/https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-date=2021-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=rau.ua |language=uk-UA}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yilda Derevitskiy chakana savdo va rivojlanish sanoatining IV xalqaro ixtisoslashtirilgan koʻrgazmasi — **RAU Expo**da maʼruzachi sifatida ishtirok etdi. U yerda chakana savdo kompaniyalari uchun inqirozga qarshi boshqaruv strategiyalari mavzusidagi panel munozarasida qatnashdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=RAU Expo 2020: how the largest meeting of the retail and development industry went (Photo report) |url=https://rau.ua/news/rau-expo-2020-fotoreportazh/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=rau.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2024-yilda Derevitskiy „Allo“ kompaniyasini toʻliq rebrending qilish jarayoniga boshchilik qildi. Bunda u kompaniya strategiyasini shunchaki keng tarmoqli savdo doʻkonchasidan innovatsiyalarga yoʻnaltirilgan platformaga oʻzgartirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |title=Allo updated its brand and created a category |url=https://marketer.ua/ua/allo-updated-its-brand-and-created-a-category/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Derevytskyy Natalia ismli fotograf bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning uch nafar farzandi bor.


== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Tadbirkorlar]]
[[Turkum:1973-yilda tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Ukrainada tugʻilganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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'''Dmytro Derevytskyy''' (ukraincha: Dmitro Derevitskiy) — [[ukraina]]lik [[tadbirkor]] va [[Allo Group of Companies]] asoschisi.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==
Dmytro Derevytskyy 1973-yil 23-dekabrda Dnipro shahrida tadbirkor va qurilish kooperativi asoschisi boʻlgan Hryhorii Derevytskyy oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DJC - Новостной портал еврейской общины Днепра |url=https://www.djc.com.ua/news/view/new/?id=2055%20https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=www.djc.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Бриман |first=Шимон |date=2009-08-12 |title=Чекисты против каббалиста |url=https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=OBOZREVATEL |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1995-yilda Derevytskyy Dnipro davlat universitetini [[iqtisodiyot]] mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=&quot;Сьогодні швидкість має значення&quot;. Цифрове життя Дмитра Деревицького, співвласника компанії АЛЛО — Forbes.ua |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/sogodni-shvidkist-mae-znachennya-tsifrove-zhittya-dmitra-derevitskogo-spivvlasnika-kompanii-allo-29062021-1889 |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=forbes.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2005-yilda u Xalqaro menejment institutini tamomlab, biznes boshqaruvi magistri (MBA) darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий (совладелец компании Алло). Часть 2: Личное | date=29 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQYa5MytUc |language=uk-UA |accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
1996-yilda u maishiy texnika sotiladigan ikkita doʻkon ochdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=&quot;Когда мы зашли в магазин, мне стало стыдно за Best Buy&quot;, — Дмитрий Деревицкий, совладелец &quot;Алло&quot; |url=https://vctr.media/bolshaya-ruba-derevitskiy-22031/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=Vector |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda otasi [[Hryhorii Derevytskyy]] bilan birgalikda „Allo“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Симонова |first=Анастасия |date=2019-12-17 |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий, АЛЛО: как открыть сеть магазинов {{!}} MC.today |url=https://mc.today/nikogda-ne-rabotal-na-kogo-to-segodnya-u-menya-345-magazinov-istoriya-sozdatelya-allo/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=mc.today |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yildan boshlab u Allo Group kompaniyalar guruhi strategiyasi uchun mas’ul boʻlib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Алло&quot; планирует развиваться как национальный маркетплейс |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/780893.html |website=Интерфакс-Украина |accessdate=2023-04-12 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Derevytskyy 2018-yilda VI yillik „Retail &amp; Development Business Summit“ sammitida ishtirok etgan hamda „NV Business“ saytida muhandislik, texnologiya va iqtisodiyot mavzularida muntazam maqolalar yozadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retail&amp;Development Business Summit 2018: как это было (фоторепортаж)|url=https://rau.ua/ru/news/retail-development-business-summit-2018/|website=rau.ua|date=2018-12-08|accessdate=2023-04-12|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дмитрий Деревицкий — биография, фото, новости, публикации / NV|url=https://biz.nv.ua/expert_author/dmitriy-derevickiy.html|website=biz.nv.ua|accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2017-yilda Derevitskiy rahbarligida „Allo“ oʻzining onlayn savdo doʻkonini ishga tushirdi va birinchi „Allo Max“ namunaviy doʻkonining ochilishi bilan chakana savdoning yangi formatini joriy qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Онлайн рятує бізнес: Алло наростило продажі майже до 50% |url=https://retailers.ua/news/menedjment/onlayn-ryatuye-biznes-allo-narostilo-prodaji-mayje-do-50?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=retailers.ua |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=У хмельницькому ТРЦ Оазис відкрився магазин нового формату Алло MAX – Асоціація рітейлерів України |url=https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117120626/https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-date=2021-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=rau.ua |language=uk-UA}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yilda Derevitskiy chakana savdo va rivojlanish sanoatining IV xalqaro ixtisoslashtirilgan koʻrgazmasi — **RAU Expo**da maʼruzachi sifatida ishtirok etdi. U yerda chakana savdo kompaniyalari uchun inqirozga qarshi boshqaruv strategiyalari mavzusidagi panel munozarasida qatnashdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=RAU Expo 2020: how the largest meeting of the retail and development industry went (Photo report) |url=https://rau.ua/news/rau-expo-2020-fotoreportazh/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=rau.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2024-yilda Derevitskiy „Allo“ kompaniyasini toʻliq rebrending qilish jarayoniga boshchilik qildi. Bunda u kompaniya strategiyasini shunchaki keng tarmoqli savdo doʻkonchasidan innovatsiyalarga yoʻnaltirilgan platformaga oʻzgartirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |title=Allo updated its brand and created a category |url=https://marketer.ua/ua/allo-updated-its-brand-and-created-a-category/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Derevytskyy Natalia ismli fotograf bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning uch nafar farzandi bor.


== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Tadbirkorlar]]
[[Turkum:1973-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Ukrainada tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6571" sha1="ove1doekk5u58cmtrcz8nfcksksvvw3" xml:space="preserve">{{thr|[[Foydalanuvchi:Bobonorova Hulkar|Bobonorova Hulkar]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Bobonorova Hulkar|munozara]]) 18:41, 2026-yil 10-aprel (UTC)}}
{{Short description|Ukrainian entrepreneur}}
{{Infobox person
| image              = Allo D 0141.jpg 
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1973|12|23}}
| birth_place        = [[Dnipropetrovsk]], [[Ukrainalik]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]]
| alma_mater         = [[Dnipro davlat universiteti iqtisodiyot mutaxassisligi]]
| occupation         = [[Tadbirkor]]
| known_for          =
| spouse             = Natalia Derevytskyy
| children           = 3
| parents            =  Hryhorii Derevytskyi (otasi) and Hanna (onasi)
}}
'''Dmytro Derevytskyy''' (ukraincha: Dmitro Derevitskiy) — [[ukraina]]lik [[tadbirkor]] va [[Allo Group of Companies]] asoschisi.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==
Dmytro Derevytskyy 1973-yil 23-dekabrda Dnipro shahrida tadbirkor va qurilish kooperativi asoschisi boʻlgan Hryhorii Derevytskyy oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DJC - Новостной портал еврейской общины Днепра |url=https://www.djc.com.ua/news/view/new/?id=2055%20https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=www.djc.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Бриман |first=Шимон |date=2009-08-12 |title=Чекисты против каббалиста |url=https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=OBOZREVATEL |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1995-yilda Derevytskyy Dnipro davlat universitetini [[iqtisodiyot]] mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=&quot;Сьогодні швидкість має значення&quot;. Цифрове життя Дмитра Деревицького, співвласника компанії АЛЛО — Forbes.ua |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/sogodni-shvidkist-mae-znachennya-tsifrove-zhittya-dmitra-derevitskogo-spivvlasnika-kompanii-allo-29062021-1889 |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=forbes.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2005-yilda u Xalqaro menejment institutini tamomlab, biznes boshqaruvi magistri (MBA) darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий (совладелец компании Алло). Часть 2: Личное | date=29 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQYa5MytUc |language=uk-UA |accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
1996-yilda u maishiy texnika sotiladigan ikkita doʻkon ochdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=&quot;Когда мы зашли в магазин, мне стало стыдно за Best Buy&quot;, — Дмитрий Деревицкий, совладелец &quot;Алло&quot; |url=https://vctr.media/bolshaya-ruba-derevitskiy-22031/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=Vector |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda otasi [[Hryhorii Derevytskyy]] bilan birgalikda „Allo“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Симонова |first=Анастасия |date=2019-12-17 |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий, АЛЛО: как открыть сеть магазинов {{!}} MC.today |url=https://mc.today/nikogda-ne-rabotal-na-kogo-to-segodnya-u-menya-345-magazinov-istoriya-sozdatelya-allo/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=mc.today |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yildan boshlab u Allo Group kompaniyalar guruhi strategiyasi uchun mas’ul boʻlib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Алло&quot; планирует развиваться как национальный маркетплейс |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/780893.html |website=Интерфакс-Украина |accessdate=2023-04-12 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Derevytskyy 2018-yilda VI yillik „Retail &amp; Development Business Summit“ sammitida ishtirok etgan hamda „NV Business“ saytida muhandislik, texnologiya va iqtisodiyot mavzularida muntazam maqolalar yozadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retail&amp;Development Business Summit 2018: как это было (фоторепортаж)|url=https://rau.ua/ru/news/retail-development-business-summit-2018/|website=rau.ua|date=2018-12-08|accessdate=2023-04-12|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дмитрий Деревицкий — биография, фото, новости, публикации / NV|url=https://biz.nv.ua/expert_author/dmitriy-derevickiy.html|website=biz.nv.ua|accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2017-yilda Derevitskiy rahbarligida „Allo“ oʻzining onlayn savdo doʻkonini ishga tushirdi va birinchi „Allo Max“ namunaviy doʻkonining ochilishi bilan chakana savdoning yangi formatini joriy qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Онлайн рятує бізнес: Алло наростило продажі майже до 50% |url=https://retailers.ua/news/menedjment/onlayn-ryatuye-biznes-allo-narostilo-prodaji-mayje-do-50?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=retailers.ua |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=У хмельницькому ТРЦ Оазис відкрився магазин нового формату Алло MAX – Асоціація рітейлерів України |url=https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117120626/https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-date=2021-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=rau.ua |language=uk-UA}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yilda Derevitskiy chakana savdo va rivojlanish sanoatining IV xalqaro ixtisoslashtirilgan koʻrgazmasi — **RAU Expo**da maʼruzachi sifatida ishtirok etdi. U yerda chakana savdo kompaniyalari uchun inqirozga qarshi boshqaruv strategiyalari mavzusidagi panel munozarasida qatnashdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=RAU Expo 2020: how the largest meeting of the retail and development industry went (Photo report) |url=https://rau.ua/news/rau-expo-2020-fotoreportazh/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=rau.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2024-yilda Derevitskiy „Allo“ kompaniyasini toʻliq rebrending qilish jarayoniga boshchilik qildi. Bunda u kompaniya strategiyasini shunchaki keng tarmoqli savdo doʻkonchasidan innovatsiyalarga yoʻnaltirilgan platformaga oʻzgartirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |title=Allo updated its brand and created a category |url=https://marketer.ua/ua/allo-updated-its-brand-and-created-a-category/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Derevytskyy Natalia ismli fotograf bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning uch nafar farzandi bor.


== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Tadbirkorlar]]
[[Turkum:1973-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Ukrainada tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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    </revision>
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      <text bytes="6420" sha1="e2n4npd950uqk5sp4v5p8nj4ytjnawx" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Ukrainian entrepreneur}}
{{Infobox person
| image              = Allo D 0141.jpg 
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1973|12|23}}
| birth_place        = [[Dnipropetrovsk]], [[Ukrainalik]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]]
| alma_mater         = [[Dnipro davlat universiteti iqtisodiyot mutaxassisligi]]
| occupation         = [[Tadbirkor]]
| known_for          =
| spouse             = Natalia Derevytskyy
| children           = 3
| parents            =  Hryhorii Derevytskyi (otasi) and Hanna (onasi)
}}
'''Dmytro Derevytskyy''' (ukraincha: Dmitro Derevitskiy) — [[ukraina]]lik [[tadbirkor]] va [[Allo Group of Companies]] asoschisi.

== Yoshligi va taʼlimi ==
Dmytro Derevytskyy 1973-yil 23-dekabrda Dnipro shahrida tadbirkor va qurilish kooperativi asoschisi boʻlgan Hryhorii Derevytskyy oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DJC - Новостной портал еврейской общины Днепра |url=https://www.djc.com.ua/news/view/new/?id=2055%20https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=www.djc.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Бриман |first=Шимон |date=2009-08-12 |title=Чекисты против каббалиста |url=https://www.obozrevatel.com/news/2009/8/11/317012.htm |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=OBOZREVATEL |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1995-yilda Derevytskyy Dnipro davlat universitetini [[iqtisodiyot]] mutaxassisligi boʻyicha tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=&quot;Сьогодні швидкість має значення&quot;. Цифрове життя Дмитра Деревицького, співвласника компанії АЛЛО — Forbes.ua |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/sogodni-shvidkist-mae-znachennya-tsifrove-zhittya-dmitra-derevitskogo-spivvlasnika-kompanii-allo-29062021-1889 |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=forbes.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2005-yilda u Xalqaro menejment institutini tamomlab, biznes boshqaruvi magistri (MBA) darajasini oldi&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий (совладелец компании Алло). Часть 2: Личное | date=29 May 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQYa5MytUc |language=uk-UA |accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
1996-yilda u maishiy texnika sotiladigan ikkita doʻkon ochdi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=&quot;Когда мы зашли в магазин, мне стало стыдно за Best Buy&quot;, — Дмитрий Деревицкий, совладелец &quot;Алло&quot; |url=https://vctr.media/bolshaya-ruba-derevitskiy-22031/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=Vector |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1998-yilda otasi [[Hryhorii Derevytskyy]] bilan birgalikda „Allo“ kompaniyasiga asos solgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Симонова |first=Анастасия |date=2019-12-17 |title=Дмитрий Деревицкий, АЛЛО: как открыть сеть магазинов {{!}} MC.today |url=https://mc.today/nikogda-ne-rabotal-na-kogo-to-segodnya-u-menya-345-magazinov-istoriya-sozdatelya-allo/ |accessdate=2023-04-12 |website=mc.today |language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yildan boshlab u Allo Group kompaniyalar guruhi strategiyasi uchun mas’ul boʻlib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Алло&quot; планирует развиваться как национальный маркетплейс |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/780893.html |website=Интерфакс-Украина |accessdate=2023-04-12 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Derevytskyy 2018-yilda VI yillik „Retail &amp; Development Business Summit“ sammitida ishtirok etgan hamda „NV Business“ saytida muhandislik, texnologiya va iqtisodiyot mavzularida muntazam maqolalar yozadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retail&amp;Development Business Summit 2018: как это было (фоторепортаж)|url=https://rau.ua/ru/news/retail-development-business-summit-2018/|website=rau.ua|date=2018-12-08|accessdate=2023-04-12|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Дмитрий Деревицкий — биография, фото, новости, публикации / NV|url=https://biz.nv.ua/expert_author/dmitriy-derevickiy.html|website=biz.nv.ua|accessdate=2023-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2017-yilda Derevitskiy rahbarligida „Allo“ oʻzining onlayn savdo doʻkonini ishga tushirdi va birinchi „Allo Max“ namunaviy doʻkonining ochilishi bilan chakana savdoning yangi formatini joriy qildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Онлайн рятує бізнес: Алло наростило продажі майже до 50% |url=https://retailers.ua/news/menedjment/onlayn-ryatuye-biznes-allo-narostilo-prodaji-mayje-do-50?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=retailers.ua |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=У хмельницькому ТРЦ Оазис відкрився магазин нового формату Алло MAX – Асоціація рітейлерів України |url=https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117120626/https://rau.ua/novyni/vidkrittya/trts-oazys-allo-max/ |archive-date=2021-11-17 |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=rau.ua |language=uk-UA}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yilda Derevitskiy chakana savdo va rivojlanish sanoatining IV xalqaro ixtisoslashtirilgan koʻrgazmasi — **RAU Expo**da maʼruzachi sifatida ishtirok etdi. U yerda chakana savdo kompaniyalari uchun inqirozga qarshi boshqaruv strategiyalari mavzusidagi panel munozarasida qatnashdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=RAU Expo 2020: how the largest meeting of the retail and development industry went (Photo report) |url=https://rau.ua/news/rau-expo-2020-fotoreportazh/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=rau.ua |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2024-yilda Derevitskiy „Allo“ kompaniyasini toʻliq rebrending qilish jarayoniga boshchilik qildi. Bunda u kompaniya strategiyasini shunchaki keng tarmoqli savdo doʻkonchasidan innovatsiyalarga yoʻnaltirilgan platformaga oʻzgartirdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |title=Allo updated its brand and created a category |url=https://marketer.ua/ua/allo-updated-its-brand-and-created-a-category/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
Derevytskyy Natalia ismli fotograf bilan turmush qurgan. Ularning uch nafar farzandi bor.


== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Tadbirkorlar]]
[[Turkum:1973-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Ukrainada tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iqtisodiy rag'batlantirish</title>
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      <text bytes="4703" sha1="7nfbnyfp3tbtx7zzye6882rbn687ldc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Economic Policy - Intervention Strategy Matrix.png|thumb|350px|right|Turli sharoitlarda odatiy aralashuv strategiyalari]]

Iqtisodiyotda '''rag‘batlantirish''' — bu iqtisodiyotni faollashtirish maqsadida [[pul-kredit siyosati]] yoki [[fiskal siyosat]]dan (yoki umumiy holda barqarorlashtirish siyosatidan) foydalanishga qaratilgan choralarni anglatadi. Shu bilan birga, rag‘batlantirish atamasi foiz stavkalarini pasaytirish hamda '''miqdoriy yumshatish'''(miqdorini kamaytirish) kabi pul-kredit siyosati vositalarini ham o‘z ichiga oladi.

== Tushuncha ==

[[Inqiroz]] davrida ishlab chiqarish va [[bandlik]] darajasi [[talab]] yetishmasligi sababli iqtisodiyotning mavjud imkoniyatlaridan ancha past bo‘ladi. Shu sababli talabni oshirish iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantiradi, va bu jarayonda yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan salbiy oqibatlar nisbatan kichik bo‘ladi deb hisoblanadi.

'''Fiskal rag‘batlantirish''' — bu davlat tomonidan xarajatlarni yoki transfer to‘lovlarini oshirish, yoxud soliqlarni kamaytirish orqali amalga oshiriladi. Bu esa [[davlat qarzi]]ning o‘sishiga olib kelishi mumkin. [[Keynschilik]] iqtisodiyoti tarafdorlari fikricha, bunday choralar ko'paytuvchi (iqtisodiyot) orqali iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta’minlab, iqtisodiyotdagi talab yetishmovchiligini qisman yoki to‘liq bartaraf etadi.

'''Pul-kredit rag‘batlantirish''' esa foiz stavkalarini pasaytirish, [[miqdoriy yumshatish]](summani kamaytirish) siyosatini qo‘llash yoki pul va kredit hajmini oshirishning boshqa usullari orqali amalga oshiriladi.

== Iqtisodchilar qarashlari ==

Milton Friedman fikricha, [[Buyuk Depressiya]] davrida iqtisodiy inqirozning yuzaga kelishining asosiy sababi — [[Federal zaxira tizimi]] pul massasining keskin kamayishiga qarshi yetarli choralar ko‘rmaganidadir.

Bunga qarama-qarshi ravishda, Ben Bernanke muammo pul yetishmasligida emas, balki kredit yetishmasligida bo‘lganini ta’kidlagan. Shu sababli, [[Buyuk depressiya]] davrida uning rahbarligi ostidagi [[Federal zaxira tizimi]] iqtisodiyotni qo‘llab-quvvatlash uchun nafaqat likvidlik, balki kredit berishni ham kengaytirgan.

Jeffrey M. Lacker esa bu yondashuvni tanqid qilib, bunday siyosat ortiqcha xavf olishni rag‘batlantirishi va moliyaviy beqarorlikka olib kelishi mumkinligini ta’kidlagan.

Shuningdek, ba’zi iqtisodchilar fiskal rag‘batlantirish [[inflyatsiya]]ni oshiradi, deb hisoblaydi. Shu sababli markaziy banklar bunga qarshi choralar ko‘rishi kerakligi aytiladi va natijada faqat pul-kredit rag‘batlantirish samarali bo‘lishi mumkin degan fikr ilgari suriladi.

Biroq, bunga qarshi dalillar ham mavjud:

agar ishlab chiqarish bo‘shlig‘i katta bo‘lsa, inflyatsiya xavfi past bo‘ladi;
tanazzul davrida inflyatsiya juda past bo‘ladi va markaziy banklar fiskal rag‘batlantirishsiz zarur darajaga erisha olmaydi.

Pul-kredit rag‘batlantirish odatda nisbatan “betaraf” hisoblanadi, chunki foiz stavkalarining pasayishi investitsiyalarni rag‘batlantiradi. Fiskal rag‘batlantirish esa hukumat qarorlariga bog‘liq bo‘lib, [[jamoat tanlovi nazariyasi]] nuqtai nazaridan [[populizm]] yoki [[korrupsiya]] xavfini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.

Shu bilan birga, hukumat tomonidan amalga oshirilgan investitsiyalar (masalan, yo‘l yoki temir yo‘l qurilishi) kengroq ijtimoiy foyda — [[tashqi ta'sirlar]]ni ham keltirib chiqaradi.

Umuman olganda:

[[Keynschilik]] iqtisodiyoti tarafdorlari rag‘batlantirishni qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi
[[Avstriya iqtisodiy maktabi]] va ratsional kutishlar tarafdorlari esa bunga ko‘pincha qarshi chiqadi
== Muhim misollar ==

Quyida iqtisodiy rag‘batlantirishga oid ayrim muhim amaliy misollar keltirilgan:

[[1977-yilgi Iqtisodiy rag‘batlantirish to‘g‘risidagi qonun]] — [[Jimmy Carter]] tomonidan imzolangan qonun
[[2008-yilgi Iqtisodiy rag‘batlantirish to‘g‘risidagi qonun]] — [[George W. Bush]] davrida joriy etilgan qonun
[[2009-yilgi Amerika Tiklanish va Qayta Investitsiya to‘g‘risidagi qonun]] — Barack Obama tomonidan imzolangan
[[COVID-19 pandemiyasi]] davrida [[CARES to‘g‘risidagi qonun]] — Donald Trump tomonidan tasdiqlangan
[[2021-yilgi Amerika Qutqaruv Rejasi]] — Joe Biden tomonidan imzolangan

Shuningdek, boshqa davlatlarda ham rag‘batlantirish dasturlari amalga oshirilgan, jumladan:

Xitoyda yirik iqtisodiy paket
Keniya va Tailanddagi davlat dasturlari
Buyuk Britaniyada [[Gordon Brown]] hukumati tomonidan amalga oshirilgan choralar
== Xulosa ==

Rag‘batlantirish siyosati:

iqtisodiy pasayish davrida talabni oshirishga xizmat qiladi
fiskal va pul-kredit vositalari orqali amalga oshiriladi
turli iqtisodiy maktablar tomonidan turlicha baholanadi</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oleksandr Kovalenko</title>
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      <text bytes="4635" sha1="9nbrjn8yelj8haapa8bgork0buiw3e2" xml:space="preserve">{{thr|[[Foydalanuvchi:Bobonorova Hulkar|Bobonorova Hulkar]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Bobonorova Hulkar|munozara]]) 18:46, 2026-yil 10-aprel (UTC)}}
'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

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      <text bytes="5101" sha1="javtpsyokigoj30chbqp0s9637cdlqr" xml:space="preserve">{{thr|[[Foydalanuvchi:Bobonorova Hulkar|Bobonorova Hulkar]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Bobonorova Hulkar|munozara]]) 18:46, 2026-yil 10-aprel (UTC)}}
'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Faoliyati davomida u quyidagi faxriy unvon va mukofotlar bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Довідка: Коваленко Олександр Миколайович |url=http://dovidka.com.ua/user/?code=43216 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=dovidka.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;:
* [[File:SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg|50x50px]] [[Hurmat belgisi ordeni]] (1981)
* Ukrainada xizmat koʻrsatgan iqtisodchi unvoni.
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      <text bytes="4950" sha1="nue3c2amjoezj2fq2dshe1i6rf9sv48" xml:space="preserve">'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Faoliyati davomida u quyidagi faxriy unvon va mukofotlar bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Довідка: Коваленко Олександр Миколайович |url=http://dovidka.com.ua/user/?code=43216 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=dovidka.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;:
* [[File:SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg|50x50px]] [[Hurmat belgisi ordeni]] (1981)
* Ukrainada xizmat koʻrsatgan iqtisodchi unvoni.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Ukrainalik iqtisodchilar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="4987" sha1="fnvj7qyzreyohv1nqkf8wu1bl35jltq" xml:space="preserve">'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Faoliyati davomida u quyidagi faxriy unvon va mukofotlar bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Довідка: Коваленко Олександр Миколайович |url=http://dovidka.com.ua/user/?code=43216 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=dovidka.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;:
* [[File:SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg|50x50px]] [[Hurmat belgisi ordeni]] (1981)
* Ukrainada xizmat koʻrsatgan iqtisodchi unvoni.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ukrainalik iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="5012" sha1="4v1vz6j7w7b9yr81w2586mzl08uzfca" xml:space="preserve">'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Faoliyati davomida u quyidagi faxriy unvon va mukofotlar bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Довідка: Коваленко Олександр Миколайович |url=http://dovidka.com.ua/user/?code=43216 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=dovidka.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;:
* [[File:SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg|50x50px]] [[Hurmat belgisi ordeni]] (1981)
* Ukrainada xizmat koʻrsatgan iqtisodchi unvoni.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ukrainalik iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]</text>
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        <username>Bobonorova Hulkar</username>
        <id>138656</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Siyosatchilar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988996</origin>
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      <text bytes="5037" sha1="8cmrn5pvm0fmkcq2652afihs7v0qd91" xml:space="preserve">'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Faoliyati davomida u quyidagi faxriy unvon va mukofotlar bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Довідка: Коваленко Олександр Миколайович |url=http://dovidka.com.ua/user/?code=43216 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=dovidka.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;:
* [[File:SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg|50x50px]] [[Hurmat belgisi ordeni]] (1981)
* Ukrainada xizmat koʻrsatgan iqtisodchi unvoni.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ukrainalik iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Siyosatchilar]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bobonorova Hulkar</username>
        <id>138656</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:1935-yilda tugʻilganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="5073" sha1="r3sxzwlwm35z9apac3vqn9vzqaa6rx6" xml:space="preserve">'''Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kovalenko''' ([[ukraincha]]: Oleksandr Mikolayovich Kovalenko; [[1935-yil]] [[9-may]] — [[2021-yil]] [[29-iyun]]) — [[ukraina]]lik [[iqtisodchi]] va [[siyosatchi]]. U 1990–1991-yillarda [[Ukraina Moliya vazirligi|Ukraina Moliya vaziri]] lavozimida ishlagan va mustaqil Ukraina moliya tizimining ilk bosqichida ushbu soha rahbarlaridan biri boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Salo |first=Ivan Vasylʹovych |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzWaAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Formuvanni︠a︡ i rozvytok derz︠h︡avnosti, ekonomiky ta nauky Ukraïny |date=2003 |publisher=VAT &quot;Sumsʹka oblasna drukarni︠a︡&quot; |isbn=978-966-589-666-1 |pages=342 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biografiyasi ==
=== Hayoti va taʼlimi ===
Kovalenko 1932-yil 22-martda Ukraina [[SSSR]]ning [[Novolyubimivka]] qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. U 1964-yilda Odesa xalq xoʻjaligi institutini tamomlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5mAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Імена України: біографічний щорічник |date=1999 |publisher=Фенікс |pages=188 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Harbiy aviatsiya maktabini tamomlagach, u 1953-yildan 1958-yilgacha Sovet Armiyasining aviatsiya boʻlinmalarida xizmat qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Памяті Олександра Коваленка |url=https://ukurier.gov.ua/uk/news/pamyati-oleksandra-kovalenka/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Урядовий Кур’єр}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kovalenko vazirlik lavozimiga tayinlanguniga qadar bir qancha quyi va rahbarlik lavozimlarida faoliyat yuritgan. Jumladan, 1958-yildan boshlab [[Zaporizhia]] viloyati Tokmak tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasida davlat daromadlari boʻyicha inspektor va davlat daromadlari boʻyicha katta inspektor sifatida ishlagan. 1965-yilda Primorye oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Primorye oʻlka qoʻmitasining 2-kotibi hamda Zaporojye viloyat moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari lavozimlarida xizmat qilgan. Keyinchalik, 1965-yilda [[Primorye]] oʻlkasi ijroiya qoʻmitasi raisi oʻrinbosari va moliya boʻlimi mudiri, 1969-yilda u Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasining Primorye oʻlkasi qoʻmitasida ikkinchi kotib, shuningdek Zaporizhia viloyati moliya boshqarmasi boshligʻi oʻrinbosari sifatida faoliyat olib borgan. 1974-yilda Ukraina Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining rejalashtirish va moliya organlari boʻlimida instruktor boʻlib ishlagan. 1976-yilda Cherkasy tumani ijroiya qoʻmitasining moliya boʻlimi rahbari etib tayinlangan boʻlsa, 1986-yilga kelib esa Ukraina SSSR Moliya vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari darajasigacha koʻtarilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Karyerasi ==
Kovalenko 1990-yil 2-avgustda Ukraina Moliya vaziri etib tayinlandi. 1991-yil 29-oktabrda esa sogʻligʻi yomonlashgani sababli vazirlik lavozimidan ozod etildi. Uning koʻp yillik moliya sohasidagi samarali faoliyati va erishgan yutuqlari uchun u „Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni hamda ikkita medal bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Keyinchalik u 1991-yilning oktabridan 1992-yilning apreliga qadar Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisining birinchi oʻrinbosari lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi. 1992-yilning aprelidan 1996-yilning mayigacha ushbu bankning boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga koʻtarildi. Faoliyatining yakuniy bosqichida esa Ukraina aksiyadorlik tijorat banki boshqaruvi raisi oʻrinbosari va ishlar boshqaruvchisi lavozimlarida mehnat qildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AZEAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+1935 |title=Хто є хто в Україні |date=1997 |publisher=K.I.S. |isbn=978-966-7048-03-7 |pages=222 |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vafoti ==
Kovalenko 2021-yil 29-iyun kuni [[Kiyev]] shahrida 85 yoshida vafot etdi. Ukraina Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning oila aʼzolari va yaqinlariga chuqur hamdardlik bildirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Faoliyati davomida u quyidagi faxriy unvon va mukofotlar bilan taqdirlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Довідка: Коваленко Олександр Миколайович |url=http://dovidka.com.ua/user/?code=43216 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=dovidka.com.ua}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;:
* [[File:SU Order of the Badge of Honour ribbon.svg|50x50px]] [[Hurmat belgisi ordeni]] (1981)
* Ukrainada xizmat koʻrsatgan iqtisodchi unvoni.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ukrainalik iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodchilar]]
[[Turkum:Siyosatchilar]]
[[Turkum:1935-yilda tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>To‘liq bandlik</title>
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        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
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      <text bytes="4871" sha1="2disiqwkj0tn7izguv67ebj5i90t32z" xml:space="preserve">'''Toʻliq bandlik''' — bu hech qanday [[ishsizlik]] yoki hech qanday siklik ishsizlik yoki [[ishsizlik#siklik ishsizlik|tanqis-taklif ishsizligi]] mavjud boʻlmagan iqtisodiy vaziyatdir&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | last1 = O'Sullivan | first1 = Arthur | author-link = Arthur O'Sullivan (economist) | first2 = Steven M. | last2 = Sheffrin | author-link2 = Steven M. Sheffrin | title = Economics: Principles in Action | publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall | year = 2003 | location = Upper Saddle River, New Jersey | page = 335 | isbn = 0-13-063085-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iqtisodchilar toʻliq bandlikni turlicha taʼriflaydilar. Toʻliq bandlik barcha ishsizlikning yoʻqolishi va 100% bandlik-aholi nisbatini talab qilishi mumkin. Boshqa iqtisodchilar uchun toʻliq bandlik [[tarkibiy ishsizlik]] va [[friksion ishsizlik]] saqlanib qolganda ham yuzaga kelishi mumkin. Masalan, yaxshiroq ish qidirish jarayonida qisqa muddatga „ish oʻrtasida“ boʻlgan ishchilar toʻliq bandlikka zid hisoblanmaydi, chunki bunday ishsizlik tsiklik emas, friksiondir. Toʻliq bandlikka ega iqtisodiyotda, shuningdek, yarim kunlik ishchilar oʻz malaka darajasiga mos ish topa olmaydigan ishsizlik yoki yetarli darajada bandlik boʻlishi mumkin&lt;ref&gt;E McGaughey, 'Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy' (2018) [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3044448 SSRN, part 2, charts at 6, 10 and 22]&lt;/ref&gt;, chunki bunday ishsizlik tsiklik emas, tarkibiy hisoblanadi. Toʻliq bandlik — bu nuqtadan keyin kengaytiruvchi fiskal va/yoki [[pul-kredit siyosati]] [[inflyatsiya]]ga sabab boʻlmasdan ishsizlikni yanada kamaytira olmaydigan nuqtani belgilaydi.

Boshqa iqtisodchilar toʻliq bandlikni [[inflyatsiya]] barqaror boʻlgan ishsizlik darajasi deb biladilar. Tezlashuvchi inflyatsiyadan qochish tarafdorligi Ishsizlikning tezlashmaydigan inflyatsiya darajasi (NAIRU) tushunchasiga asoslangan nazariyaga asoslangan va uni qoʻllab-quvvatlovchilar odatda toʻliq bandlik haqida gapirganda NAIRU nazarda tutadilar&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | last = Coe | first = David T | title = Nominal Wages. The NAIRU and Wage Flexibility. | publisher = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | url = http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/19/33917832.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.vox.com/2014/11/14/7027823/nairu-natural-rate-unemployment | title=The NAIRU, explained: Why economists don't want unemployment to drop too low | date=14 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. NAIRU, shuningdek, [[Milton Friedman]] va boshqalar tomonidan ishsizlikning „tabiiy“ darajasi sifatida ham taʼriflangan. Bunday qarashlar barqarorlikni taʼkidlashga moyil boʻlib, hukumat ishsizlik darajasini NAIRU dan pastda abadiy ushlab tura olmasligini taʼkidlaydi: ishsizlik NAIRU dan past boʻlganda inflyatsiya oʻsishda davom etadi.

Qoʻshma Shtatlar uchun iqtisodchi William T. Dickens toʻliq bandlik ishsizlik darajasi vaqt oʻtishi bilan juda oʻzgarganligini, ammo 2000-yillar davomida fuqarolik ishchi kuchining taxminan 5,5 foiziga teng ekanligini aniqladi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2009/7/unemployment%20dickens/07_unemployment_dickens.pdf |title= Unemployment Dickens |access-date=2013-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416005807/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2009/7/unemployment%20dickens/07_unemployment_dickens.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Soʻnggi paytlarda iqtisodchilar toʻliq bandlik mumkin boʻlgan ishsizlik darajalarining „diapazoni“ni ifodalashi fikrini taʼkidlamoqdalar. Masalan, 1999-yilda Qoʻshma Shtatlarda, [[Iqtisodiy hamkorlik va taraqqiyot tashkiloti]] (OECD) „toʻliq bandlik ishsizlik darajasi“ni 4% dan 6,4% gacha deb baholaydi. Bu toʻliq bandlikdagi taxminiy ishsizlik darajasi, bahoning standart xatosi qoʻshilgan yoki ayirilgan holda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=December 2000 |title=V. Revised OECD measures of structural unemployment |url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/44/50/2086120.pdf |journal=OECD Economic Outlook |issue=68 |pages=155–168 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050219121855/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/44/50/2086120.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ishchi kuchining toʻliq bandligi tushunchasi potentsial mahsulot yoki potentsial [[real yalpi ichki mahsulot]] va [[Yalpi taklif#Turli qamrovlar|uzoq muddatli yalpi taklif (LRAS)]] egri chizigʻi tushunchalariga mos keladi. Neoklassik makroiqtisodiyotda yalpi real YaIMning eng yuqori barqaror darajasi yoki „potentsial“ vertikal LRAS egri chizigʻiga mos keladi: real YaIMga boʻlgan talabning har qanday oshishi uzoq muddatda faqat narxlarning oshishiga olib kelishi mumkin, mahsulotning har qanday oshishi esa vaqtinchalikdir.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kamomadli xarajatlar</title>
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[[Byudjet]] jarayoni doirasida, '''defitsit xarajat''' — ma'lum bir vaqt davomidagi xarajatlar [[daromad]]dan oshib ketadigan miqdor bo'lib, oddiygina '''defitsit''', yoki '''byudjet defitsiti''' deb ham ataladi, [[byudjet]] profitsitining teskari atamasi, bu davlat, xususiy kompaniya yoki shaxs byudjetiga nisbatan qo'llanilishi mumkin. Iqtisodiyotdagi munozarali markaziy nuqtasi bo'lgan davlat defitsit xarajati [[Buyuk Depressiya]]dan so'ng birinchi marta [[John Maynard Keynes]] tomonidan zaruriy iqtisodiy vosita sifatida aniqlangan.

== Munozara ==
Davlat defitsit xarajati iqtisodiyotda munozarali markaziy nuqta bo'lib, taniqli iqtisodchilar turli qarashlarga ega.

Asosiy oqim [[iqtisodiyot]]i pozitsiyasi shundan iboratki, defitsit xarajat [[sikl]]ga qarshi [[fiskal siyosat]]ning bir qismi sifatida maqsadga muvofiq va zaruriy, ammo tarkibiy [[defitsit]] (ya'ni doimiy defitsit) bo'lmasligi kerak: hukumat yig'ilgan [[talab]]dagi kamomadni qoplash uchun [[Inqiroz]]lar davrida defitsit bilan ishlashi, ammo [[yuksalish]] davrlarida profitsit bilan ishlashi kerak, shunda [[iqtisodiy sikl]] davomida sof defitsit bo'lmaydi (ya'ni faqat [[sikl]]ik defitsitlar bo'lishi, tarkibiy defitsitlar emas). Bu [[Keynschi iqtisodiyot]]dan kelib chiqqan va 1930-yillardagi [[Buyuk Depressiya]] va 1950-yillardagi Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyingi davr orasida e'tirofga sazovor bo'ldi.

Bu pozitsiya ikki tomondan ham tanqid qilinadi: federal darajadagi [[fiskal ]]konservatizm tarafdorlari defitsit xarajat har doim yomon siyosat deb ta'kidlasa, ba'zi post-Keynschi iqtisodchilar — xususan neo-chartalistlar yoki Zamonaviy pul nazariyasi tarafdorlari — defitsit xarajati yangi pul chiqarish uchun zaruriy, va faqat fiskal rag'batlantirish uchun emas, deb ta'kidlaydi. Ko'pchilik iqtisodchilar fikricha, tanazzullar davrida hukumat ataylab defitsit bilan ishlash orqali iqtisodiyotni rag'batlantirishi mumkin.

Inqirozlarni yengish uchun [[John Maynard Keynes]] talab qilgan defitsit xarajat uning iqtisodiyot nazariyasining pul-kreditga aloqador tomonidir. [[Investitsiya]] haqiqiy jamg'armaga tengligidan kelib chiqqanda, to'plangan pul aktivlari qarz miqdoriga teng. Shu sababli, inqiroz davrida pulni ortiqcha jamg'arish, odatda bu holat yuzaga kelmagani uchun, [[qarz]] olishning oshgan darajalariga mos kelishi kerak — natijada pul jamg'arilishi mumkin bo'lgan daromadlar kamayar ekan, tiklanyotgan daromadlarning qulab tushishini oldini olish uchun yuqori qarz darajasi zarur bo'ladi va buning natijasida, inqiroz kuchayadi. Davlatning defitsiti xususiy sektor uchun mos pul aktivlarini to'plash imkonini beradi va iqtisodiyotning inqirozini oldini oladi, xususiy pul jamg'armalarini xususiy qarz tufayli tugab ketishining oldini oladi.

Daromad profitsitlari qanday qilib mos xarajat profitsitlarini majburiy qilishini va bu o'z navbatida iqtisodiy inqirozga qanday olib kelishini tasvirlovchi pul-kredit mexanizmi [[Wolfgang Stützel]] tomonidan keyinroq uning [[Balanslar mexanikasi]] tushunchasida tushuntirilgan.

1996-yilda Iqtisodiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofatini qo'lga kiritgan AQSh iqtisodchisi [[William Vickrey]] defitsitlarni isrofgarchilik xarajat sifatida ko'rishni Moliyaviy Fundamentalizmning o'zining №1(eng katta) xatosi deb aniqlagan va shunday izoh bergan: {{quote|&quot;Bu xato ko'rinishida [[soxta analogiya]]dan kelib chiqadi — shaxslar tomonidan qarz olish bilan, hozirgi voqelik deyarli buning teskarisidir. Defitsitlar shaxslarning sof tasarrufidagi daromadiga qo'shiladi, daromad oluvchilar uchun daromad tashkil etuvchi davlat to'lovlari soliqlar, to'lovlar va boshqa majburiy to'lovlarda tasarruf etiluvchi daromaddan olingan summa oshib ketadi. Natijada, bu qo‘shimcha xarid quvvati yuzaga keladi va u sarflanganda xususiy ishlab chiqarish uchun yangi bozorlar yaratadi. Bu esa o‘z navbatida ishlab chiqaruvchilarni qo‘shimcha ishlab chiqarish quvvatlariga investitsiya qilishga rag‘batlantiradi, va bu investitsiyalar kelajak uchun yaratiladigan haqiqiy boylikning bir qismi bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.Bundan tashqari, bu jarayon infratuzilma, ta’lim, ilmiy tadqiqotlar va shunga o‘xshash sohalarga davlat investitsiyalarini ham o‘z ichiga oladi. Foyda izlovchi xususiy investitsiya orqali qayta o‘zlashtirib bo‘lmaydigan darajada o‘sib borayotgan yalpi ichki mahsulot (YaIM)dan jamg‘armalarni samarali foydalanish uchun yetarli bo‘lgan yirikroq defitsitlar iqtisodiy xato emas, balki iqtisodiy zarurat hisoblanadi.

Shu bilan birga, agar defitsitlar real ishlab chiqarishning maksimal mumkin bo‘lgan o‘sishidan oshib ketadigan darajada ortib ketsa, bu muammolarga olib kelishi mumkin. Biroq hozirgi sharoitda biz bunday darajaga hali yaqinlashganimiz yo‘q. Hatto keltirilgan taqqoslashning o‘zi ham to‘liq mukammal emas: agar General Motors, AT&amp;T kabi yirik kompaniyalar va oddiy uy xo‘jaliklari federal hukumatga qo‘llanilayotgan tarzda byudjetlarini doimiy muvozanatda saqlashga majbur etilganida, unda korporativ obligatsiyalar, ipoteka kreditlari va bank kreditlari mavjud bo‘lmagan bo‘lar edi, natijada esa avtomobillar, telefonlar va uy-joylar ancha kam ishlab chiqarilgan bo‘lardi.
=== Fiskal konservatizm ===
'''Fiskal konservatizm''' tarafdorlari hukumat har doim muvozanatlashtirilgan byudjet bilan (va to'lanmagan qarzlarni to'lash uchun profitsit bilan) ishlashi kerak va defitsit xarajat har doim yomon siyosat deb ta'kidlab, Keynschilikni rad etadi.''' Neoklassik moyillikdagi Chikago iqtisodiyot maktabi '''fiskal konservativ g'oyalarni qo'llab-quvvatlagan. Qo'shma Shtatlarning ko'plab shtatlari o'z shtat konstitutsiyasida muvozanatlashtirilgan byudjet to'g'risidagi ozgarishlarga ega, va [[Evropa]] Valyuta Ittifoqining Barqarorlik va O'sish Pakti YaIMning 3% va undan yuqori davlat defitsitlarini qoplashga sariflaydi.

Fiskal konservatizm tarafdorlari zamonaviy iqtisodiyotning asoschisi [[Adam Smit]]ga borib taqaladi. Fiskal konservatizm [[oltin standart]] bilan bog'liq va hozir eskirgan G'aznachilik nuqtai nazari orqali ifodalangan holda [[Buyuk Depressiya]]gacha hukmron bo'lishgan.

Defitsit xarajatiga qarshi odatiy tortishuv Hukumat-Uy xo'jaligi analogiyasidir: '''uy xo'jaliklari''' defitsit bilan ishlashmasligi kerak — ehtiyotkorlikdan kelib chiqib, sarflashdan oldin pulga ega bo'lish kerak — va uy xo'jaligi uchun to'g'ri bo'lgani millat va uning hukumati uchun ham to'g'ri. Shunga o'xshash tortishuvlar shundan iboratki, bugungi defitsit xarajat kelajakda soliqlarning oshishini talab qiladi, bu esa kelajak avlodlarga yuk bo'ladi.

Boshqalar esa qarz ham xususiy shaxslar tomonidan berilishi, ham ular tomonidan olinishi sababli davlat qarzi aslida kamroq ekanligini ta’kidlaydi. Ularning fikricha, bu jarayonda faqat qarzni qaytarishga javobgar bo'lgan shaxslar (ya’ni qarzni olgan tashkilot yoki shaxs) to'lashadi va buni boshqalarga katta ta'siri yo'q.
 
[[Avstriya iqtisodiyot maktabi]] bilan bog'liq fikrlarning o'xshash yo'nalishi shundan iboratki, davlat defitsitlari o'sib boradi. 5%-10% li inflyatsiyadan boshqasi iqtisodiyotda odatda yomon ko'rsatgich sifatida qabul qilinadi. Amalda bu hukumatlar qarzlarini pul bosish, pul taklifini oshirish va inflyatsiya yaratish orqali to'laydi, deb ta'kidlanadi, va ba'zilar tomonidan qog'oz pulga qarshi va qattiq pulni, xususan oltin standartni qo'llab-quvvatlash tortishuv sifatida yanada rivojlanadi.

=== Post-Keynschi iqtisodiyot ===
Ba'zi Post-Keynschi iqtisodchilar defitsit xarajat zaruriy deb ta'kidlaydi, pul taklifini yaratish uchun (Chartalizm) yoki xususiy investitsiya orqali qondirilishi mumkin bo'lganidan ortiq jamg'armaga bo'lgan talabni qondirish uchun.

[[Chartalist]]lar defitsit xarajat mantiqan zaruriy deb ta'kidlaydi, chunki ularning fikricha, qog'oz pul defitsit xarajat orqali yaratiladi: qog'oz pul chiqarilmasdan va sarflanmasdan oldin soliqlar orqali yig'ilishi mumkin emas muomaladagi qog'oz pul miqdori aynan [[davlat qarzi]]ga teng — sarflangan, ammo soliqlar orqali yig'ilmagan pul. Bir hazilomuz iborada, &quot;qog'oz pul hukumatlari sarfla va soliq  [[soliq ol va sarfla]] emas — defitsit xarajat birinchi birinchi o'rinda keladi deyishadi.

Chartalistlar millatlar uy xo'jaliklaridan tubdan farq qiladi deb ta'kidlaydi. Faqat o'z valyutasida qarzi bo'lgan qog'oz pul tizimidagi hukumatlar o'zlarining foiz to'laydigan obligatsiya qarzlarini to'lash uchun boshqa majburiyatlar — qog'oz pullarini chiqarishi mumkin. Ular majburan bankrot bo'lolmaydi, chunki  qog'oz pul ularning iqtisodiyotida qarzlarni to'lash uchun ishlatiladi, uy xo'jaligi majburiyatlari esa bunday ishlamaydi.

Chartalistlar tarkibiy defitsit kengayuvchi iqtisodiyotda pul kengayishi uchun zaruriy deb ta'kidlaydi: iqtisodiyot o'ssa, pul taklifi ham o'sishi kerak, bu esa davlat defitsit xarajati orqali amalga oshirilishi kerak. Xususiy sektor jamg'armalari davlat sektori defisitlariga teng.Yetarli defitsit xarajat bo'lmaganda, pul taklifi iqtisodiyotdagi moliyaviy dastakni oshirish orqali oshishi mumkin — [[bank]]  puli miqdori o'sar ekan, bazaviy pul taklifi o'zgarishsiz qoladi yoki sekinroq o'sadi va shunday qilib nisbat oshadi — bu [[kredit pufagi]] va [[moliyaviy inqiroz]]ga olib kelishi mumkin.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Real yalpi ichki mahsulot</title>
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      <text bytes="3703" sha1="ntl8nyeybbdrd5zaly8ugpsum6jtt43" xml:space="preserve">'''Real yalpi ichki mahsulot''' ('''real YaIM''') — bu narx oʻzgarishlariga (yaʼni [[inflyatsiya]] yoki [[deflyatsiya]]) tuzatilgan iqtisodiy [[mahsulot]] qiymatining [[makroiqtisodiyot|makroiqtisodiy]] oʻlchovidir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realgdp.asp|title=Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)|first=Will|last=Kenton|website=Investopedia.com|access-date=2 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ushbu tuzatishlar pul qiymati oʻlchovi — [[Yalpi ichki mahsulot#Nominal YaIM va YaIMga tuzatishlar|nominal YaIM]] — ni umumiy mahsulot miqdorining [[indeks]]iga aylantiradi. YaIM umumiy mahsulot boʻlsa-da, u birinchi navbatda umumiy xarajatlarga (iste’molchi xarajatlari, sanoat tomonidan amalga oshirilgan investitsiyalar, eksportning importdan oshib ketishi va davlat xarajatlari yigʻindisi) juda yaqin boʻlgani uchun foydalidir. Inflyatsiya tufayli nominal YaIM jismoniy mahsulot oʻzgarmagan taqdirda ham oshishi mumkin va shuning uchun iqtisodiyotdagi haqiqiy oʻsishni aks ettirmaydi. Shuning uchun real YaIM oʻsishini olish uchun YaIM inflyatsiya darajasiga boʻlinishi kerak. Turli tashkilotlar har xil turdagi Real YaIM oʻlchovlaridan foydalanadi, masalan, UNCTAD 2015-yilgi doimiy narxlar va [[valyuta kursi]]lardan foydalanadi, FRED esa 2009-yilgi doimiy narxlar va valyuta kurslaridan foydalanadi va yaqinda [[Jahon banki]] 2005-yildan 2010-yilgi doimiy narxlar va valyuta kurslariga oʻtdi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPC1|title=Real Gross Domestic Product|last=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis|date=1 January 1947|website=FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|access-date=2 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;unctad.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=UNCTADstat - Table view |url=https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=95 |access-date=20 February 2024 |website=Unctadstat.unctad.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD?year_high_desc=false|title=GDP (constant 2010 US$) - Data|website=Data.worldbank.org|access-date=2 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Real YaIM real [[yalpi ichki daromad]] bilan taqqoslanadi, u narx oʻzgarishlariga boshqa usul bilan tuzatiladi.

==Nominal YaIM bilan farqi==
Real YaIM [[iqtisodiyot]]da real va nominal qiymatlar oʻrtasidagi farqning namunasidir. Nominal yalpi ichki mahsulot maʼlum bir geografik mintaqada, odatda mamlakatda ishlab chiqarilgan barcha yakuniy tovarlarning bozor qiymati sifatida aniqlanadi; bu ishlab chiqarilgan tovar va xizmatlar miqdoriga va ularning tegishli narxlariga bogʻliq.

Agar turli yillardagi real YaIMlar hisoblansa, har biri oʻz yilidagi miqdorlardan foydalangan holda, lekin barchasi bir xil bazis yilidagi narxlardan foydalangan holda, bu real YaIMlardagi farqlar faqat hajmdagi farqlarni aks ettiradi.

[[Yalpi ichki mahsulot deflyatori|YaIM deflyatori]] deb ataladigan indeksni har bir yil uchun nominal YaIMni real YaIMga boʻlish orqali olish mumkin, shuning uchun bazis yili uchun YaIM deflyatori 100 ga teng boʻladi. Bu iqtisodiyotdagi narx oʻzgarishining (inflyatsiya yoki deflyatsiya) umumiy darajasi haqida maʼlumot beradi.

: Yil &lt;math&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; uchun YaIM deflyatori &lt;math&gt;=\frac{Nominal GDP_t}{Real GDP_t}\times100&lt;/math&gt;

Yillik asosdagi real YaIM oʻsishi bu inflyatsiyaga tuzatilgan nominal YaIM o‘sishidir. U odatda foiz sifatida ifodalanadi.

„YaIM“ real YaIMdan farqlash uchun „nominal“ yoki „joriy“ yoki „tarixiy“ YaIMga ishora qilishi mumkin. Real YaIM baʼzan „doimiy“ YaIM deb ataladi, chunki u doimiy narxlarda ifodalanadi. Kontekstga qarab, „YaIM“ real YaIMga ham ishora qilishi mumkin.

==Manbalar==
{{manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiyot]]
[[Turkum:Iqtisodiy atamalar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muvozanatli byudjet</title>
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'''Muvozanatli byudjet''' (asosan [[hukumat]] byudjeti) — bu [[byudjet]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;da [[daromad]]lar [[xarajatlar]]ga teng bo‘ladi. Shunday qilib, na byudjet defitsiti(byudjetda yetarli mablagʻ boʻlmasligi) va na byudjet profitsiti(byudjetda ortiqcha summa qolishi) mavjud bo‘ladi (hisoblar “muvozanatda” bo‘ladi). Umuman olganda, bu defitsitsiz byudjet bo‘lib, ayrim hollarda '''byudjet profitsiti''' ham bo‘lishi mumkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
| last1 = O'Sullivan
| first1 = Arthur
| first2 = Steven M. | last2 = Sheffrin
| title = Economics: Principles in Action
| publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall
| year = 2003
| location = Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
| pages = 376, 403
| isbn = 0-13-063085-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Tsiklik jihatdan muvozanatli byudjet'' — bu har yili teng bo‘lishi shart bo‘lmagan, lekin [[iqtisodiy sikl]] davomida muvozanatlashadigan byudjetdir: iqtisodiy o‘sish davrida profitsit, pasayish davrida esa defitsit yuzaga keladi va ular vaqt o‘tishi bilan bir-birini qoplaydi.

Muvozanatli byudjetlar va byudjet defitsiti masalasi iqtisodiyot nazariyasida ham, siyosatda ham bahsli mavzu hisoblanadi. Ba’zi iqtisodchilar defitsitdan muvozanatli byudjetga o‘tish foiz stavkalarini kamaytiradi, investitsiyalarni oshiradi va uzoq muddatda iqtisodiy o‘sishni tezlashtiradi deb hisoblaydi.&lt;ref name=uoqz&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/budget/stories/050497.htm
 | title=Winners and Losers In a Balanced Budget | date=4 May 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boshqa iqtisodchilar esa, ayniqsa [[Zamonaviy Pul Nazariyasi|MMT]] tarafdorlari, davlat o‘z valyutasini chiqarish imkoniga ega bo‘lsa, muvozanatli byudjet zarur emasligini ta’kidlaydi.

== Iqtisodiy qarashlar ==


[[Keynschilik ]]iqtisodiyot nuqtai nazaridan, tsiklik muvozanatli byudjet ma’qul hisoblanadi. Bu yondashuvga ko‘ra, defitsit va profitsitlar iqtisodiyot uchun '''avtomatik stabilizator''' vazifasini bajaradi:

inqiroz davrida defitsit — iqtisodiy rag‘batlantirish beradi
o‘sish davrida profitsit — iqtisodiy “sovutish” vazifasini bajaradi

Biroq, davlat qarzi juda katta bo‘lsa, qo‘shimcha rag‘batlantirish tavsiya etilmaydi.

Ba’zi boshqa iqtisodiy maktablar:

[[neoklassik iqtisodiyot]] — defitsit zararli deb hisoblaydi
[[Avstriya iqtisodiy maktabi]] — davlat aralashuviga qarshi
[[post-keynsiy iqtisodiyot]] — defitsit zarur bo‘lishi mumkin deb hisoblaydi

Post-keynsiy yondashuvga ko‘ra, iqtisodiyotda yetarli talabni ta’minlash uchun davlat defitsiti ba’zan '''zarur''' hisoblanadi.

== Zamonaviy Pul Nazariyasi (MMT) ==

[[Zamonaviy Pul Nazariyasi]] (MMT) iqtisodchilari quyidagilarni ta’kidlaydi:

Agar davlat:

o‘z valyutasini chiqarayotgan bo‘lsa
kursni boshqa valyutaga bog‘lamagan bo‘lsa
katta tashqi qarzga ega bo‘lmasa

unda u '''hech qachon pul tugashi''' muammosiga duch kelmaydi.

Shu sababli:

byudjetni muvozanatlash shart emas
asosiy cheklov — [[Inflyatsiya]]

MMT tarafdorlari davlat defitsiti:

xususiy sektor daromadini oshiradi
jamg‘arma yaratadi
bandlikni oshiradi

deb hisoblaydi.

== Siyosiy qarashlar ==
=== Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari ===

AQShda [[fiskal]] konservatizm tarafdorlari muvozanatli byudjetni muhim deb biladi. Ko‘plab shtatlarda byudjet defitsitini cheklovchi qonunlar mavjud.

Oxirgi marta federal byudjet profitsit bilan 2001-yilda (Prezident Bill Klinton davrida) yakunlangan.

=== Shvetsiya ===

1990-yillardagi moliyaviy inqirozdan keyin Shvetsiya:

iqtisodiy sikl davomida profitsit maqsadini joriy qildi
davlat qarzini kamaytirishga e’tibor qaratdi
=== Buyuk Britaniya ===

2015-yilda [[George Osborne]] iqtisodiy o‘sish davrida byudjet profitsitini majburiy qilishni taklif qilgan, ammo bu taklif ko‘plab iqtisodchilar tomonidan tanqid qilingan.

== Muvozanatli byudjet multiplikatori ==

Muvozanatli byudjet sharoitida ham iqtisodiyotga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatish mumkin.

Δ
𝑌
Δ
𝐺
∣
Δ
𝑇
=
Δ
𝐺
=
1
ΔG
ΔY
	​

	​

ΔT=ΔG
	​

=1

Bu natija [[Haavelmo teoremasi]] deb ataladi va shuni ko‘rsatadiki:

davlat xarajatlari oshsa
va soliqlar aynan shu miqdorda oshirilsa

→ umumiy talab baribir oshadi.

== Xulosa ==

Muvozanatli byudjet:

iqtisodiy barqarorlik uchun muhim vosita
lekin har doim zarur emas (ayniqsa MMT nuqtai nazarida)
siyosiy va nazariy jihatdan bahsli tushuncha</text>
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    <title>Thitarodes cingulatus</title>
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      <text bytes="1063" sha1="k5lhckhcy1o30p4is5iro52g7so9pa6" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes cingulatus
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes cingulatus''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1995-yilda Yang va Zhang tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning [[Gansu]] provinsiyasida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera )|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786514}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>k5lhckhcy1o30p4is5iro52g7so9pa6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes sejilaensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988598</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:03:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="681" sha1="pe8teeo0iwzte6cjz2qdax4d3gkonwm" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes sejilaensis
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes sejilaensis''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning [[Tibet muxtor rayoni]]da uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{aut|Zou, Z.-W.; X. Liu &amp; G.-R. Zhang}}, 2011: Two new species of ''Thitarodes'' (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) from Tibet in China. ''The Pan-Pacific Entomologist'' '''87(2)''': 106-113. Abstract: {{doi|10.3956/2010-24.1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786545}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>pe8teeo0iwzte6cjz2qdax4d3gkonwm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes pui</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364175</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988599</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:05:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988599</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="705" sha1="a1pavljcn05n04ukdw97e9rio5eixmc" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes pui
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes pui''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning [[Tibet muxtor rayoni]]da uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{aut|Zhang, G.R.; D.X. Gu &amp; X. Liu}}, 2007: A new species of ''Hepialus'' (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)) from China. ''Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica'' '''32 (2)''': 473-476. Full article: [http://ch.sysu.edu.cn/gdx/career/UploadFiles_1237/200807/2008071121402472.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786542}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>a1pavljcn05n04ukdw97e9rio5eixmc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes renzhiensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364176</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988601</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:06:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1070" sha1="rk3p918nbr9ukdgxu2xkucmxawh9jwf" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes renzhiensis
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes renzhiensis''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1991-yilda Yang va boshqalar tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning [[Yunnan]] provinsiyasida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera )|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786543}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>rk3p918nbr9ukdgxu2xkucmxawh9jwf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes richthofeni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364177</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988602</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:07:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1039" sha1="25ukuemuvq6y1wr1w33cajezwv76ca0" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes richthofeni
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes richthofeni''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1939-yilda Otto Bang-Haas tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]da uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera )|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786544}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>25ukuemuvq6y1wr1w33cajezwv76ca0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sthenopis bouvieri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364178</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988603</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:09:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1033" sha1="qgfrkdtih46ca5eogww6waudf233ha7" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Sthenopis bouvieri
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Sthenopis bouvieri''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1913-yilda Oberthür tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]] hududida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera )|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7616105}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>qgfrkdtih46ca5eogww6waudf233ha7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sthenopis thule</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364179</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988604</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="930" sha1="1m2zfxdblcsac7k6pt1h8kcvmzazqlk" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Sthenopis thule
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Sthenopis thule''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1875-yilda Strecker tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Kanada]] va [[AQSH]] hududida, jumladan [[Ontario]], [[Kvebek]] va [[Saskachevan]] hududlarida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/species.php?hodges=21 mothphotographersgroup]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=rKCXO_ZUvvoC&amp;pg=PA366 Miscellaneous publication, no. 657 - United States. Dept. of Agriculture] {{PD-notice}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
{{Commons category|Sthenopis thule}}
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7616110}}


[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>1m2zfxdblcsac7k6pt1h8kcvmzazqlk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes pratensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988606</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:11:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1073" sha1="hf64s4q4krta15ulyj14og96ntgzj9f" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes pratensis
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes pratensis''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1992-yilda Yang, Li va Shen tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning [[Yunnan]] provinsiyasi hududida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera )|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15638060}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>hf64s4q4krta15ulyj14og96ntgzj9f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Phassus phalerus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364181</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988608</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:12:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1148" sha1="6o19jq1c1g4ahtcc9of1ihrqpsdtecg" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Phassus phalerus
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Phassus phalerus''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1887-yilda Herbert Druce tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Meksika]] hududida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera ) |journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf |access-date=2016-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311132727/http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-11 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{Taxonbar |from=Q7181063}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>6o19jq1c1g4ahtcc9of1ihrqpsdtecg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes damxungensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364182</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988609</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:13:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1071" sha1="3uqz5dg2axrerk94l4uwixx1yqnft8z" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes damxungensis
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes damxungensis''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1995-yilda D.R. Yang tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning [[Tibet muxtor rayoni]] hududida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera )|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786515}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>3uqz5dg2axrerk94l4uwixx1yqnft8z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Awaji toʻgʻoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364183</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988610</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:14:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Toʻgʻon | location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya | location_map         = Yaponiya | location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi |name_official        =粟地ダム |dam_crosses          = |res_name             = |dam_length           = 290m |dam_height           = 46m |dam_width_base       = |construction_began   = 1972 |opening              = 1980 |cost                 = |res_catchment        = 2.7 sq. km |res_surface...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988610</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1199" sha1="kzs9d9slk32nlv9ehcaijad4779k7i9" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =粟地ダム
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 290m
|dam_height           = 46m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 1972
|opening              = 1980
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 2.7 sq. km
|res_surface          = 6 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|29|29|N|134|19|18|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Awaji toʻgʻoni''' ([[yaponcha]]: 粟地ダム) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan gravitatsion turdagi toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon suv toshqinlarini nazorat qilish va suv taʼminoti maqsadlarida foydalaniladi. Uning suv yigʻilish havzasi maydoni 2,7 km² ni tashkil etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Awaji Dam – Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2185}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
      <sha1>kzs9d9slk32nlv9ehcaijad4779k7i9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thitarodes zhangmoensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364184</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988611</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:14:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988611</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1086" sha1="7h93e9uqmn63sbx42jvgywk87bmreuo" xml:space="preserve">{{Avtomatik taksonquti
 | nomi = Thitarodes zhangmoensis
 | olam = [[Hayvonlar]]
 | tip = [[Bo‘g‘imoyoqlilar]]
 | sinf = [[Hasharotlar]]
 | turkum = [[Lepidoptera]]
 | oila = [[Hepialidae]]
 | tasvir = 
}}

'''Thitarodes zhangmoensis''' — [[Hepialidae]] oilasiga mansub [[kuya]] turi. Tur ilk bor 1985-yilda Hong-Fu Chu va Lin-Yao Wang tomonidan tavsiflangan. Ushbu tur [[Xitoy]]ning Shinjon muxtor rayoni hududida uchraydi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nielsen |first1=Ebbe S. |last2=Robinson |first2=Gaden S. |last3=Wagner |first3=David L. |year=2000 |title=Ghost-moths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and Hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera)|journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=823–878 |doi=10.1080/002229300299282 |s2cid=86004391 |url=http://johngrehan.net/files/1013/8578/1218/Nielsen_et_al_2000_Hepialidae.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Havolalar == 
*[http://www.sciencebuff.org/genera_and_species.php Hepialidae genera]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7786556}}

[[Category:Hepialidae]]


{{Hepialidae-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>7h93e9uqmn63sbx42jvgywk87bmreuo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Abdumalikova Sohiba</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>1364185</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988612</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:15:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Vikipediyaga xush kelibsiz!</comment>
      <origin>5988612</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6074" sha1="ro4goptzmf1j4phccxvv1jz13a6e50u" xml:space="preserve">
{| style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; font-size:90%&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#e0f0ff; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-topleft:12px; -webkit-border-top-left-radius:12px; border-top-left-radius:12px; width:20%; height:35px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Help-browser.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma]] [[Vikipediya:Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma|Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma]]
| style=&quot;background:#6495ed; color:white; padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; font-size:130%; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-topright:12px; -webkit-border-top-right-radius:12px; border-top-right-radius:12px; width:80%&quot; | Vikipediyaga xush kelibsiz, [[Foydalanuvchi:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;{{BASEPAGENAME}}&lt;/span&gt;]]!&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e0e6ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Dars]] [[Vikipediya:Dars|Birinchi qadam]]
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;background:#fffff0; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:12px; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:12px; border-bottom-right-radius:12px; padding:0.5em 1em&quot; | [[Vikipediya]] [[VP:Foydalanuvchilar|foydalanuvchilari]] nomidan uning oʻzbek tilidagi boʻlimiga kelganingiz bilan qutlayman. Umid qilamizki, siz loyihada ishtirok etishdan behad mamnun boʻlasiz.

Ishtirok etishning asosiy tamoyillariga eʼtibor bering: [[Vikipediya:Bemalol tahrirlang|bemalol tahrirlang]] va [[Vikipediya:Ezgu maqsadni koʻzlang|ezgu maqsadni koʻzlang]].

[[Fayl:Signature button.png|thumb|Munozara sahifalarida tasvirda koʻrsatilgan tugmani bosish orqali imzo qoʻyish mumkin.]]

Vikipediyada maqolalar ostiga imzo qoʻyilmaydi (mualliflar roʻyxati avtomatik shakllanib boradi va maqolaning tahrirlar tarixidan olinishi mumkin boʻladi), biroq [[Vikipediya:Forum|forumdagi]] muhokamalarda yoki alohida sahifalarning munozaralarida ishtirok etishni istasangiz — iltimos, toʻrtta tilda (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) belgisi bilan yoki asboblar panelidagi mos tugmachani bosish yoʻli bilan [[Vikipediya:Imzo|imzo cheking]]. Bunda foydalanuvchi nomingizni qoʻlda kiritish talab etilmaydi.

[[Foydalanuvchi:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Foydalanuvchi sahifangizda]] oʻzingiz haqingizdagi ayrim maʼlumotlar haqida xabar berishingiz mumkin — masalan, [[Vikipediya:Bobil|qaysi tillarni bilishingiz]] yoki [[Vikipediya:Andozalar/Ishtirokchilar/Qiziqishlar|qiziqishlaringiz]].

Endi boshlayotganlarning tez-tez qiladigan xatolaridan biri — mualliflik huquqlarini buzishdir. Vikipediyada mualliflik huquqi egasining ruxsatisiz matnlardan nusxa koʻchirish taqiqlanadi. Batafsil maʼlumot uchun [[Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari]] sahifasiga nazar soling.

Yozilgan matn imlosini tuzatish kabi koʻp mehnat talab qiladigan amallarni bajarish uchun tahrirlash oynasining tagida joylashgan [[Vikipediya:Vikifikator|Vikifikator]] funksiyasidan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Agar siz bitta tahrir bilan maqola yarata olmasangiz va uni yozishni keyinroq davom ettirmoqchi boʻlsangiz, bu haqda boshqa foydalanuvchilarni xabardor qilish uchun maqola matnining eng boshiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:L}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; kodini qoldiring.

Agar sizda savollar tugʻilib qolsa, [[Vikipediya:Yordam|Yordam sahifasidan]] foydalaning. Agar savollaringizga u yerda javob topa olmagan boʻlsangiz, unda uni loyiha [[Vikipediya:Forum/Yordam|forumida]] yoki {{plainlink|1=https://t.me/uzwikichat|2=Telegram chatda}} bering yoki [[Special:MyTalk|shaxsiy munozara sahifangizni]] tahrirlang: u yerga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yordam kerak}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; kodini va savolingiz matnini yozing — sizga albatta yordam berishadi.

[[Q:Bosh Sahifa|Vikiiqtibos]], [[Wikt:Bosh Sahifa|Vikilugʻat]], [[d:Wikidata:Main Page|Vikimaʼlumotlar]], [[Commons:Main Page|Vikiombor]] kabi Vikipediyaga qardosh boshqa loyihalar ham bor. Ularni boyitishga ham hissa qoʻshishingiz mumkin.

Va yana bir marotaba, xush kelibsiz!  
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #eee; padding-top:0.17em; padding-bottom:0.5em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic&quot;&gt;Hello and welcome to the Uzbek Wikipedia! We appreciate your contributions. If your Uzbek skills are not good enough, that’s no problem. We have an [[Vikipediya:Elchixona|embassy]] where you can inquire for further information in your native language. We hope you enjoy your time here!&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e5e0ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal128-kanagram.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Maqolalarni nomlash]] [[Vikipediya:Maqolalarni nomlash|Maqolalarni nomlash]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#f9e0ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:View-refresh.svg|18px|link=Yordam:Maqola qanday yoziladi?]] Maqola qanday yoziladi? Qarang: [[Yordam:Maqola qanday yoziladi?|Maqola ustaxonasi]] / {{plainlink|1=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_L8mF59VXQ&amp;list=PLTiLidqsHkJMY1CSQiUuweKqly5LmYp_L|2=Videodarslar}}
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe0f1; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Accessories-text-editor.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar]] [[Vikipediya:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar|Qoida va koʻrsatmalar]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe0e6; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal Clear app lphoto.png|18px|link=Vikipediya:Tasvirlar]] [[Vikipediya:Tasvirlar|Tasvirlar bilan bezash]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe5e0; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Green copyright.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari]] [[Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari|Mualliflik huquqlari]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffefe0; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:12px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:12px; border-bottom-left-radius:12px; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Glossariy]] [[Vikipediya:Glossariy|Glossariy]]
|}

{{#if:|  }} [[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 12:15, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ro4goptzmf1j4phccxvv1jz13a6e50u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364186</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988613</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:15:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Toʻgʻon | location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya | location_map         = Yaponiya | location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi |name_official        =備中地池 |dam_crosses          = |res_name             = |dam_length           = 103m |dam_height           = 21.6m |dam_width_base       = |construction_began   = 1952 |opening              = 1961 |cost                 = |res_catchment        = 1.8 sq. km |res_surface...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="1144" sha1="aq25rsu07f4w77g8tqjjmpdttjxhorq" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =備中地池
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 103m
|dam_height           = 21.6m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 1952
|opening              = 1961
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 1.8 sq. km
|res_surface          = 6 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|10|03|N|133|56|17|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni''' ([[yaponcha]]: 備中地池) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon sugʻorish maqsadida foydalaniladi. Uning suv yigʻilish havzasi maydoni 1,8 km² ni tashkil etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Bicchuji-ike - Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2173}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988616</id>
      <parentid>5988613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Ahror Akramovich [[Bicchuji-ike Dam]] sahifasini [[Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1144" sha1="aq25rsu07f4w77g8tqjjmpdttjxhorq" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =備中地池
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 103m
|dam_height           = 21.6m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 1952
|opening              = 1961
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 1.8 sq. km
|res_surface          = 6 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|10|03|N|133|56|17|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni''' ([[yaponcha]]: 備中地池) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon sugʻorish maqsadida foydalaniladi. Uning suv yigʻilish havzasi maydoni 1,8 km² ni tashkil etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Bicchuji-ike - Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2173}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
      <sha1>aq25rsu07f4w77g8tqjjmpdttjxhorq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Upwinxp</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>1364187</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988614</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:16:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Vikipediyaga xush kelibsiz!</comment>
      <origin>5988614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6074" sha1="hyaoodlmjcl2fav3368ainrxu5ihqgo" xml:space="preserve">
{| style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; font-size:90%&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#e0f0ff; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-topleft:12px; -webkit-border-top-left-radius:12px; border-top-left-radius:12px; width:20%; height:35px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Help-browser.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma]] [[Vikipediya:Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma|Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma]]
| style=&quot;background:#6495ed; color:white; padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; font-size:130%; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-topright:12px; -webkit-border-top-right-radius:12px; border-top-right-radius:12px; width:80%&quot; | Vikipediyaga xush kelibsiz, [[Foydalanuvchi:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;{{BASEPAGENAME}}&lt;/span&gt;]]!&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e0e6ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Dars]] [[Vikipediya:Dars|Birinchi qadam]]
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;background:#fffff0; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:12px; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:12px; border-bottom-right-radius:12px; padding:0.5em 1em&quot; | [[Vikipediya]] [[VP:Foydalanuvchilar|foydalanuvchilari]] nomidan uning oʻzbek tilidagi boʻlimiga kelganingiz bilan qutlayman. Umid qilamizki, siz loyihada ishtirok etishdan behad mamnun boʻlasiz.

Ishtirok etishning asosiy tamoyillariga eʼtibor bering: [[Vikipediya:Bemalol tahrirlang|bemalol tahrirlang]] va [[Vikipediya:Ezgu maqsadni koʻzlang|ezgu maqsadni koʻzlang]].

[[Fayl:Signature button.png|thumb|Munozara sahifalarida tasvirda koʻrsatilgan tugmani bosish orqali imzo qoʻyish mumkin.]]

Vikipediyada maqolalar ostiga imzo qoʻyilmaydi (mualliflar roʻyxati avtomatik shakllanib boradi va maqolaning tahrirlar tarixidan olinishi mumkin boʻladi), biroq [[Vikipediya:Forum|forumdagi]] muhokamalarda yoki alohida sahifalarning munozaralarida ishtirok etishni istasangiz — iltimos, toʻrtta tilda (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) belgisi bilan yoki asboblar panelidagi mos tugmachani bosish yoʻli bilan [[Vikipediya:Imzo|imzo cheking]]. Bunda foydalanuvchi nomingizni qoʻlda kiritish talab etilmaydi.

[[Foydalanuvchi:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Foydalanuvchi sahifangizda]] oʻzingiz haqingizdagi ayrim maʼlumotlar haqida xabar berishingiz mumkin — masalan, [[Vikipediya:Bobil|qaysi tillarni bilishingiz]] yoki [[Vikipediya:Andozalar/Ishtirokchilar/Qiziqishlar|qiziqishlaringiz]].

Endi boshlayotganlarning tez-tez qiladigan xatolaridan biri — mualliflik huquqlarini buzishdir. Vikipediyada mualliflik huquqi egasining ruxsatisiz matnlardan nusxa koʻchirish taqiqlanadi. Batafsil maʼlumot uchun [[Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari]] sahifasiga nazar soling.

Yozilgan matn imlosini tuzatish kabi koʻp mehnat talab qiladigan amallarni bajarish uchun tahrirlash oynasining tagida joylashgan [[Vikipediya:Vikifikator|Vikifikator]] funksiyasidan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Agar siz bitta tahrir bilan maqola yarata olmasangiz va uni yozishni keyinroq davom ettirmoqchi boʻlsangiz, bu haqda boshqa foydalanuvchilarni xabardor qilish uchun maqola matnining eng boshiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:L}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; kodini qoldiring.

Agar sizda savollar tugʻilib qolsa, [[Vikipediya:Yordam|Yordam sahifasidan]] foydalaning. Agar savollaringizga u yerda javob topa olmagan boʻlsangiz, unda uni loyiha [[Vikipediya:Forum/Yordam|forumida]] yoki {{plainlink|1=https://t.me/uzwikichat|2=Telegram chatda}} bering yoki [[Special:MyTalk|shaxsiy munozara sahifangizni]] tahrirlang: u yerga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yordam kerak}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; kodini va savolingiz matnini yozing — sizga albatta yordam berishadi.

[[Q:Bosh Sahifa|Vikiiqtibos]], [[Wikt:Bosh Sahifa|Vikilugʻat]], [[d:Wikidata:Main Page|Vikimaʼlumotlar]], [[Commons:Main Page|Vikiombor]] kabi Vikipediyaga qardosh boshqa loyihalar ham bor. Ularni boyitishga ham hissa qoʻshishingiz mumkin.

Va yana bir marotaba, xush kelibsiz!  
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #eee; padding-top:0.17em; padding-bottom:0.5em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic&quot;&gt;Hello and welcome to the Uzbek Wikipedia! We appreciate your contributions. If your Uzbek skills are not good enough, that’s no problem. We have an [[Vikipediya:Elchixona|embassy]] where you can inquire for further information in your native language. We hope you enjoy your time here!&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e5e0ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal128-kanagram.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Maqolalarni nomlash]] [[Vikipediya:Maqolalarni nomlash|Maqolalarni nomlash]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#f9e0ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:View-refresh.svg|18px|link=Yordam:Maqola qanday yoziladi?]] Maqola qanday yoziladi? Qarang: [[Yordam:Maqola qanday yoziladi?|Maqola ustaxonasi]] / {{plainlink|1=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_L8mF59VXQ&amp;list=PLTiLidqsHkJMY1CSQiUuweKqly5LmYp_L|2=Videodarslar}}
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe0f1; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Accessories-text-editor.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar]] [[Vikipediya:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar|Qoida va koʻrsatmalar]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe0e6; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal Clear app lphoto.png|18px|link=Vikipediya:Tasvirlar]] [[Vikipediya:Tasvirlar|Tasvirlar bilan bezash]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffe5e0; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Green copyright.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari]] [[Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari|Mualliflik huquqlari]]
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffefe0; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:12px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:12px; border-bottom-left-radius:12px; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Glossariy]] [[Vikipediya:Glossariy|Glossariy]]
|}

{{#if:|  }} [[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 12:16, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hyaoodlmjcl2fav3368ainrxu5ihqgo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Erkinovjavohir</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>1364188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988615</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:16:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon</username>
        <id>82537</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Vikipediyaga xush kelibsiz!</comment>
      <origin>5988615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6074" sha1="hyaoodlmjcl2fav3368ainrxu5ihqgo" xml:space="preserve">
{| style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; font-size:90%&quot;
| style=&quot;background:#e0f0ff; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-topleft:12px; -webkit-border-top-left-radius:12px; border-top-left-radius:12px; width:20%; height:35px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Help-browser.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma]] [[Vikipediya:Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma|Tez boshlash uchun qoʻllanma]]
| style=&quot;background:#6495ed; color:white; padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; font-size:130%; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-topright:12px; -webkit-border-top-right-radius:12px; border-top-right-radius:12px; width:80%&quot; | Vikipediyaga xush kelibsiz, [[Foydalanuvchi:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;{{BASEPAGENAME}}&lt;/span&gt;]]!&lt;/span&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e0e6ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Dars]] [[Vikipediya:Dars|Birinchi qadam]]
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; style=&quot;background:#fffff0; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:12px; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:12px; border-bottom-right-radius:12px; padding:0.5em 1em&quot; | [[Vikipediya]] [[VP:Foydalanuvchilar|foydalanuvchilari]] nomidan uning oʻzbek tilidagi boʻlimiga kelganingiz bilan qutlayman. Umid qilamizki, siz loyihada ishtirok etishdan behad mamnun boʻlasiz.

Ishtirok etishning asosiy tamoyillariga eʼtibor bering: [[Vikipediya:Bemalol tahrirlang|bemalol tahrirlang]] va [[Vikipediya:Ezgu maqsadni koʻzlang|ezgu maqsadni koʻzlang]].

[[Fayl:Signature button.png|thumb|Munozara sahifalarida tasvirda koʻrsatilgan tugmani bosish orqali imzo qoʻyish mumkin.]]

Vikipediyada maqolalar ostiga imzo qoʻyilmaydi (mualliflar roʻyxati avtomatik shakllanib boradi va maqolaning tahrirlar tarixidan olinishi mumkin boʻladi), biroq [[Vikipediya:Forum|forumdagi]] muhokamalarda yoki alohida sahifalarning munozaralarida ishtirok etishni istasangiz — iltimos, toʻrtta tilda (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) belgisi bilan yoki asboblar panelidagi mos tugmachani bosish yoʻli bilan [[Vikipediya:Imzo|imzo cheking]]. Bunda foydalanuvchi nomingizni qoʻlda kiritish talab etilmaydi.

[[Foydalanuvchi:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Foydalanuvchi sahifangizda]] oʻzingiz haqingizdagi ayrim maʼlumotlar haqida xabar berishingiz mumkin — masalan, [[Vikipediya:Bobil|qaysi tillarni bilishingiz]] yoki [[Vikipediya:Andozalar/Ishtirokchilar/Qiziqishlar|qiziqishlaringiz]].

Endi boshlayotganlarning tez-tez qiladigan xatolaridan biri — mualliflik huquqlarini buzishdir. Vikipediyada mualliflik huquqi egasining ruxsatisiz matnlardan nusxa koʻchirish taqiqlanadi. Batafsil maʼlumot uchun [[Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari]] sahifasiga nazar soling.

Yozilgan matn imlosini tuzatish kabi koʻp mehnat talab qiladigan amallarni bajarish uchun tahrirlash oynasining tagida joylashgan [[Vikipediya:Vikifikator|Vikifikator]] funksiyasidan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Agar siz bitta tahrir bilan maqola yarata olmasangiz va uni yozishni keyinroq davom ettirmoqchi boʻlsangiz, bu haqda boshqa foydalanuvchilarni xabardor qilish uchun maqola matnining eng boshiga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:L}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; kodini qoldiring.

Agar sizda savollar tugʻilib qolsa, [[Vikipediya:Yordam|Yordam sahifasidan]] foydalaning. Agar savollaringizga u yerda javob topa olmagan boʻlsangiz, unda uni loyiha [[Vikipediya:Forum/Yordam|forumida]] yoki {{plainlink|1=https://t.me/uzwikichat|2=Telegram chatda}} bering yoki [[Special:MyTalk|shaxsiy munozara sahifangizni]] tahrirlang: u yerga &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{yordam kerak}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; kodini va savolingiz matnini yozing — sizga albatta yordam berishadi.

[[Q:Bosh Sahifa|Vikiiqtibos]], [[Wikt:Bosh Sahifa|Vikilugʻat]], [[d:Wikidata:Main Page|Vikimaʼlumotlar]], [[Commons:Main Page|Vikiombor]] kabi Vikipediyaga qardosh boshqa loyihalar ham bor. Ularni boyitishga ham hissa qoʻshishingiz mumkin.

Va yana bir marotaba, xush kelibsiz!  
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid #eee; padding-top:0.17em; padding-bottom:0.5em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic&quot;&gt;Hello and welcome to the Uzbek Wikipedia! We appreciate your contributions. If your Uzbek skills are not good enough, that’s no problem. We have an [[Vikipediya:Elchixona|embassy]] where you can inquire for further information in your native language. We hope you enjoy your time here!&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e5e0ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal128-kanagram.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Maqolalarni nomlash]] [[Vikipediya:Maqolalarni nomlash|Maqolalarni nomlash]]
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| style=&quot;background:#f9e0ff; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:View-refresh.svg|18px|link=Yordam:Maqola qanday yoziladi?]] Maqola qanday yoziladi? Qarang: [[Yordam:Maqola qanday yoziladi?|Maqola ustaxonasi]] / {{plainlink|1=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_L8mF59VXQ&amp;list=PLTiLidqsHkJMY1CSQiUuweKqly5LmYp_L|2=Videodarslar}}
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| style=&quot;background:#ffe0f1; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Accessories-text-editor.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar]] [[Vikipediya:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar|Qoida va koʻrsatmalar]]
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| style=&quot;background:#ffe0e6; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Crystal Clear app lphoto.png|18px|link=Vikipediya:Tasvirlar]] [[Vikipediya:Tasvirlar|Tasvirlar bilan bezash]]
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| style=&quot;background:#ffe5e0; border:1px solid silver; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Green copyright.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari]] [[Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari|Mualliflik huquqlari]]
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| style=&quot;background:#ffefe0; border:1px solid silver; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:12px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:12px; border-bottom-left-radius:12px; height:30px; padding-left:1em&quot; | [[Fayl:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|18px|link=Vikipediya:Glossariy]] [[Vikipediya:Glossariy|Glossariy]]
|}

{{#if:|  }} [[User:Abdufattohov Ibrohimjon|&lt;font face=&quot;Georgia&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;'''''Ibrohimjon'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;]] 12:16, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hyaoodlmjcl2fav3368ainrxu5ihqgo</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Bicchuji-ike Dam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364189</id>
    <redirect title="Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988617</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ahror Akramovich [[Bicchuji-ike Dam]] sahifasini [[Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
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      <text bytes="42" sha1="bjjt33ocjv4x2tih35wlrmkdjwlndtt" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Bicchuji-ike toʻgʻoni]]</text>
      <sha1>bjjt33ocjv4x2tih35wlrmkdjwlndtt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Futamatauwa-ike toʻgʻoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364190</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988618</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:17:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Toʻgʻon | location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya | location_map         = Yaponiya | location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi |name_official        =二股上池 |dam_crosses          = |res_name             = |dam_length           = 217m |dam_height           = 16m |dam_width_base       = |construction_began   =  |opening              = 2002 |cost                 = |res_catchment        =  |res_surface          = 10 gekt...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="1070" sha1="hrnw5t01jb06y3tznjyjgz5oxi8khwl" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =二股上池
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 217m
|dam_height           = 16m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 
|opening              = 2002
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 
|res_surface          = 10 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|13|59|N|134|9|50|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Futamatauwa-ike toʻgʻoni''' ([[yaponcha]]: 二股上池) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon sugʻorish maqsadida foydalaniladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Futamatauwa-ike - Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2142}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Goten toʻgʻoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364191</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988619</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:19:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1135" sha1="oe74a54qmgis7filv1471b10vejbv7s" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =御殿ダム
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 497m
|dam_height           = 17m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 1937
|opening              = 1954
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 0.5 sq. km
|res_surface          = 8 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|19|54|N|134|0|57|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Goten toʻgʻoni''' ([[yaponcha]]: 御殿ダム) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon suv taʼminoti maqsadida foydalaniladi. Uning suv yigʻilish havzasi maydoni 0,5 km² ni tashkil etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Goten Dam - Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2167}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hananoyama-ike toʻgʻoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364192</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988620</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:21:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1135" sha1="mwimrwb6axj8nbpgb2vhsa8sv6qshex" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =花の山池
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 75m
|dam_height           = 21.5m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 
|opening              = 1979
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 1 sq. km
|res_surface          = 3 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|14|33|N|134|11|53|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Hananoyama-ike toʻgʻoni''' (yaponcha: 花の山池) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon sugʻorish maqsadida foydalaniladi. Uning suv yigʻilish havzasi maydoni 1 km² ni tashkil etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Hananoyama-ike - Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2152}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iseki-ike toʻgʻoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364193</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988621</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T12:22:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5988621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1126" sha1="nspjo18pegzfsxhsl4t2dwmnsg98fyw" xml:space="preserve">{{Toʻgʻon
| location             = [[Kagava prefekturasi]], Yaponiya
| location_map         = Yaponiya
| location_map_caption= {{PAGENAME}} joylashuvi
|name_official        =井関池
|dam_crosses          =
|res_name             =
|dam_length           = 350m
|dam_height           = 16m
|dam_width_base       =
|construction_began   = 
|opening              = 1982
|cost                 =
|res_catchment        = 3.3 sq. km
|res_surface          = 14 gektar
| coordinates          = {{coord|34|3|57|N|133|41|09|E|type:landmark_region:JP|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Iseki-ike toʻgʻoni''' ([[yaponcha]]: 井関池) — [[Yaponiya]]ning [[Kagava prefekturasi]] hududida joylashgan toʻgʻon. Toʻgʻon sugʻorish maqsadida foydalaniladi. Uning suv yigʻilish havzasi maydoni 3,3 km² ni tashkil etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| title = Iseki-ike - Dams in Japan| accessdate = 2022-02-22| url = http://damnet.or.jp/cgi-bin/binranA/enAll.cgi?db4=2147}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqola}}

[[Turkum:Yaponiyadagi to‘g‘onlar]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya to‘g‘onlariga oid chala maqolalar]]</text>
      <sha1>nspjo18pegzfsxhsl4t2dwmnsg98fyw</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Barselona universiteti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364194</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988638</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T13:46:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxamadjonova Muslima</username>
        <id>241329</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi | nomi                   = Barselona universiteti | asl_nomi               = {{lang|ca|Universitat de Barcelona}} | tasvir                 = Coat of Arms of the University of Barcelona.svg | izoh                   = Universitet logosi | xalqaro_nomi           = &lt;!-- yoki |xalqaro_nomlari= --&gt; | boshqa_nomi            = &lt;!-- yoki |boshqa_nomlari= --&gt; | ilgarigi_nomi          = &lt;!-- yoki |ilgarigi_nomlari= --&gt; | yuqor...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988638</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5473" sha1="5ty2q5dynnbz1e0j7mjgm5ja2e3wkmb" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Barselona universiteti
| asl_nomi               = {{lang|ca|Universitat de Barcelona}}
| tasvir                 = Coat of Arms of the University of Barcelona.svg
| izoh                   = Universitet logosi
| xalqaro_nomi           = &lt;!-- yoki |xalqaro_nomlari= --&gt;
| boshqa_nomi            = &lt;!-- yoki |boshqa_nomlari= --&gt;
| ilgarigi_nomi          = &lt;!-- yoki |ilgarigi_nomlari= --&gt;
| yuqorigi_matn2         = 
| turi                   = Davlat universiteti
| asos_solingan          = {{start date and age|1450|11|3|df=y}}
| rektori                = Joan Guàrdia
| direktori              = 
| dekani                 = 
| rahbar_turi1           = 
| rahbar1                = 
| fakultet               = 
| xodimlar_tarkibi       =
| talabalari             =  62,995 
| oʻqituvchilari         =  
| manzili                =  [[Barselona]]
| shahar                 = 
| viloyat                = &lt;!-- yoki |shtat=, |provinsiya=, |prefektura= --&gt;
| davlat                 =  [[Ispaniya]]
| pochta_indeksi         =  
| koordinatalari         = &lt;!-- {{koord|LAT|LON|type:edu|display=inline,title}} --&gt;
| kampusi                = 
| tili                   =  [[Katalan tili]]
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|1=http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/index.html?|2=ub.edu}}
| logotip                = Logo Universitat de Barcelona.png
}}
'''Barselona universiteti''' ([[Katalan tili|Universitat de Barcelona]]) Ispaniyaning  Barselona shahrida joylashgan davlat universiteti. 1450-yilda tashkil etilgan. 60000 dan ortiq talabasi bilan u Ispaniyadagi eng yirik universitetlardan biri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-26 |title=University of Barcelona |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-barcelona |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Universitetda 16 tadan ko'proq fakultet va ilmiy markazlar mavjud va asosan katalan, ispan tillarida dars o'tiladi. Barselona universiteti 575 yillik tarixga ega muassasa. Shu bilan birgalikda, kuchli ilmiy tadqiqot markazlari va xalqaro hamkorliklarga ega bo'limlari bilan Ispaniyadagi nufuzli universitet hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://web.ub.edu/en/web/la-nostra-historia/historical-university |publisher=Universitat de Barcelona|language=en|access-date=July 11, 2024 |title=Universitat històrica - Our history - UB }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, universitet uchta yirik fond jamg‘armasi vakili hisoblanadi.

==Tarixi==
[[Image:UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA (14).JPG|thumb|Asosiy binoning tarixiy ibodatxonalari]]
[[Image:PlacaUniversitat.jpg|thumb|Barselona universitetining tarixiy binosi, 1863-1882-yillarda Elias Rogent tomonidan qurilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.barcelonaturisme.com/wv3/ca/page/386/universitat-de-barcelona.html|language=ca|title=Universitat de Barcelona|work=BarcelonaTurisme}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Image:Vestíbul Universitat de Barcelona.jpg|thumb|Barselona universitetining tarixiy binosi]]
[[Image:Facultat de Medicina UB.JPG|thumb|Tibbiyot maktabining binolaridan biri]]
Universitet 1450-yil 3-noyabrda qirol Alfons el Magnanim tomonidan berilgan qirollik huquqi ostida tashkil etilgan.  Barcelona shahridagi Estudi General ya’ni universitetning dastlabki shakli tashkil topish jarayoni XIV asr oxirlariga borib taqaladi. Bu davrda shahar hokimiyati, sobor maktablari hamda Santa Katarina dominikan monastiri homiyligida bir qator maktablar ochilgan bo‘lib, ular muhim madaniy markazga aylangan edi. Aynan qirol Martin I of Aragon ushbu jarayonni boshlab bergan va natijada Barcelona universitetining tashkil etilishiga zamin yaratgan. U 1398-yil 23-yanvarda Barcelona kengashi a’zolariga yo‘llagan maktubida shaharda universitet ochish uchun Rim papasidan ruxsat so‘raganini ma’lum qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://web.ub.edu/en/web/la-nostra-historia/historical-university |publisher=Universitat de Barcelona|language=en|access-date=July 11, 2024 |title=Universitat històrica - Our history - UB }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Barselona universiteti Ispaniya vorisligi urushidan so‘ng, Bourbon  tomonidan 1714-yildan 1837-yilgacha yopib qo‘yilgan. Universitet keyinchalik liberal tiklanish davrida, Isabella II of Spain hukmronligi paytida yana Barcelona shahrida qayta tiklangan.

==Fakultetlari==
* [[Biologiya]] fakulteti
* [[Kimyo]] fakulteti
* [[Stomatologiya]] fakulteti
* Yer haqidagi fanlar fakulteti
* [[Iqtisodiyot]] va [[biznes]] fakulteti
* [[Pedagogika]] fakulteti
* [[Tasviriy san’at]] fakulteti
* [[Geografiya]]-[[tarix]] fakulteti
* [[Huquqshunoslik]] fakulteti
* Kutubxonachilik va axborot fanlari fakulteti
* [[Matematika]] va [[informatika]] fakulteti
* [[Tibbiyot]] va axborot fanlari fakulteti
* Farmatsiya va oziq-ovqat fanlari fakulteti
* [[Filologiya]] fakulteti
* [[Falsafa]] fakulteti
* [[Fizika]] fakulteti
* [[Psixologiya]] fakulteti
 
==Mashhur bitiruvchilari==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
File:Pere Aragonès, fotografia oficial 2021.jpg|[[Pere Aragonès]]
File:Pasqual Maragall - Fotografia oficial.jpg|[[Pasqual Maragall]]
File:Manuel Castells 2020 (cropped).jpg|[[Manuel Castells]]
File:Lluís Companys i Jover.jpg|[[Lluís Companys]]
File:Ada Colau 2015 (cropped).jpg|[[Ada Colau]]
File:Jose Carreras - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011 - cropped.jpg|[[José Carreras]]
File:PauGasol libro 2018.jpg|[[Pau Gasol]]
File:Joan Laporta.jpg|[[Joan Laporta]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;!-- New links in alphabeticalorder please --&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
==Manbalar==</text>
      <sha1>5ty2q5dynnbz1e0j7mjgm5ja2e3wkmb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988639</id>
      <parentid>5988638</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T13:48:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxamadjonova Muslima</username>
        <id>241329</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988639</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5493" sha1="eli6hjzhbi97h1su9lm40x9gw64iqra" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Barselona universiteti
| asl_nomi               = {{lang|ca|Universitat de Barcelona}}
| tasvir                 = Coat of Arms of the University of Barcelona.svg
| izoh                   = Universitet logosi
| xalqaro_nomi           = &lt;!-- yoki |xalqaro_nomlari= --&gt;
| boshqa_nomi            = &lt;!-- yoki |boshqa_nomlari= --&gt;
| ilgarigi_nomi          = &lt;!-- yoki |ilgarigi_nomlari= --&gt;
| yuqorigi_matn2         =
| turi                   = Davlat universiteti
| asos_solingan          = {{start date and age|1450|11|3|df=y}}
| rektori                = Joan Guàrdia
| direktori              =
| dekani                 =
| rahbar_turi1           =
| rahbar1                =
| fakultet               =
| xodimlar_tarkibi       =
| talabalari             =  62,995
| oʻqituvchilari         =
| manzili                =  [[Barselona]]
| shahar                 =
| viloyat                = &lt;!-- yoki |shtat=, |provinsiya=, |prefektura= --&gt;
| davlat                 =  [[Ispaniya]]
| pochta_indeksi         =
| koordinatalari         = &lt;!-- {{koord|LAT|LON|type:edu|display=inline,title}} --&gt;
| kampusi                =
| tili                   =  [[Katalan tili]]
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|1=http://www.ub.edu/web/ub/en/index.html?|2=ub.edu}}
| logotip                = Logo Universitat de Barcelona.png
}}
'''Barselona universiteti''' ([[Katalan tili|Universitat de Barcelona]]) Ispaniyaning Barselona shahrida joylashgan davlat universiteti. 1450-yilda tashkil etilgan. 60000 dan ortiq talabasi bilan u Ispaniyadagi eng yirik universitetlardan biri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-26 |title=University of Barcelona |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-barcelona |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Universitetda 16 tadan koʻproq fakultet va ilmiy markazlar mavjud va asosan katalan, ispan tillarida dars oʻtiladi. Barselona universiteti 575 yillik tarixga ega muassasa. Shu bilan birgalikda, kuchli ilmiy tadqiqot markazlari va xalqaro hamkorliklarga ega boʻlimlari bilan Ispaniyadagi nufuzli universitet hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://web.ub.edu/en/web/la-nostra-historia/historical-university |publisher=Universitat de Barcelona|language=en|access-date=July 11, 2024 |title=Universitat històrica - Our history - UB }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shuningdek, universitet uchta yirik fond jamgʻarmasi vakili hisoblanadi.

== Tarixi ==
[[Image:UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA (14).JPG|thumb|Asosiy binoning tarixiy ibodatxonalari]]
[[Image:PlacaUniversitat.jpg|thumb|Barselona universitetining tarixiy binosi, 1863-1882-yillarda Elias Rogent tomonidan qurilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.barcelonaturisme.com/wv3/ca/page/386/universitat-de-barcelona.html|language=ca|title=Universitat de Barcelona|work=BarcelonaTurisme}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Image:Vestíbul Universitat de Barcelona.jpg|thumb|Barselona universitetining tarixiy binosi]]
[[Image:Facultat de Medicina UB.JPG|thumb|Tibbiyot maktabining binolaridan biri]]
Universitet 1450-yil 3-noyabrda qirol Alfons el Magnanim tomonidan berilgan qirollik huquqi ostida tashkil etilgan. Barcelona shahridagi Estudi General yaʼni universitetning dastlabki shakli tashkil topish jarayoni XIV asr oxirlariga borib taqaladi. Bu davrda shahar hokimiyati, sobor maktablari hamda Santa Katarina dominikan monastiri homiyligida bir qator maktablar ochilgan boʻlib, ular muhim madaniy markazga aylangan edi. Aynan qirol Martin I of Aragon ushbu jarayonni boshlab bergan va natijada Barcelona universitetining tashkil etilishiga zamin yaratgan. U 1398-yil 23-yanvarda Barcelona kengashi aʼzolariga yoʻllagan maktubida shaharda universitet ochish uchun Rim papasidan ruxsat soʻraganini maʼlum qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://web.ub.edu/en/web/la-nostra-historia/historical-university |publisher=Universitat de Barcelona|language=en|access-date=July 11, 2024 |title=Universitat històrica - Our history - UB }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Barselona universiteti Ispaniya vorisligi urushidan soʻng, Bourbon tomonidan 1714-yildan 1837-yilgacha yopib qoʻyilgan. Universitet keyinchalik liberal tiklanish davrida, Isabella II of Spain hukmronligi paytida yana Barcelona shahrida qayta tiklangan.

== Fakultetlari ==
* [[Biologiya]] fakulteti
* [[Kimyo]] fakulteti
* [[Stomatologiya]] fakulteti
* Yer haqidagi fanlar fakulteti
* [[Iqtisodiyot]] va [[biznes]] fakulteti
* [[Pedagogika]] fakulteti
* [[Tasviriy san’at]] fakulteti
* [[Geografiya]]-[[tarix]] fakulteti
* [[Huquqshunoslik]] fakulteti
* Kutubxonachilik va axborot fanlari fakulteti
* [[Matematika]] va [[informatika]] fakulteti
* [[Tibbiyot]] va axborot fanlari fakulteti
* Farmatsiya va oziq-ovqat fanlari fakulteti
* [[Filologiya]] fakulteti
* [[Falsafa]] fakulteti
* [[Fizika]] fakulteti
* [[Psixologiya]] fakulteti

== Mashhur bitiruvchilari ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
File:Pere Aragonès, fotografia oficial 2021.jpg|[[Pere Aragonès]]
File:Pasqual Maragall — Fotografia oficial.jpg|[[Pasqual Maragall]]
File:Manuel Castells 2020 (cropped).jpg|[[Manuel Castells]]
File:Lluís Companys i Jover.jpg|[[Lluís Companys]]
File:Ada Colau 2015 (cropped).jpg|[[Ada Colau]]
File:Jose Carreras — World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011 — cropped.jpg|[[José Carreras]]
File:PauGasol libro 2018.jpg|[[Pau Gasol]]
File:Joan Laporta.jpg|[[Joan Laporta]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;!-- New links in alphabeticalorder please --&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
== Manbalar ==
[[Turkum:Universitetlar]]</text>
      <sha1>eli6hjzhbi97h1su9lm40x9gw64iqra</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Qaliya mahallasi (Jizzax shahri)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364195</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988641</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T14:09:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sardorsheykh</username>
        <id>250216</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ushbu maqola O'zbekistonda oddiy bir mahalla (administrativ bo'linma) haqida umumiy qisqa ma'lumot, maqolani o'chirib yubormasliklaringizni so'rayman</comment>
      <origin>5988641</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3638" sha1="qswnjy5r1y9f68e0n6l2egsiutzxafw" xml:space="preserve">'''Qaliya mahallasi''' — [[Jizzax]] shahri tarkibidagi mahallalardan biri bo‘lib, [[Jizzax viloyati]] hududida joylashgan. Mahalla [[savdo]] va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohasiga ixtisoslashgan hududlardan biri hisoblanadi. Hudud aholisi asosan savdo va xizmat ko‘rsatish, umumiy ovqatlanishni tashkil etish, tibbiy xizmat ko‘rsatish bilan shug‘ullanadi. Qaliya mahallasi Jizzax shahrining aholi yashash hududlari rivojlangan mahallalaridan biri bo‘lib, hududda [[qishloq xo‘jaligi]] ishlab chiqarishi, xizmat ko‘rsatish tarmoqlari hamda mahalliy [[infratuzilma]] faol rivojlanib bormoqda.

== Tarixi ==
Mahallaning dastlabki tarixiy nomi '''Mo‘lkantlik''' bo‘lib, mahalla oqsoqollarining bergan ma’lumotlariga qaraganda Mo‘lkantlik elining asli kelib chiqishi [[Toshkent]] shahridagi '''Arpapoya mahallasi''' bilan bog‘liqdir. Shundan so‘ng, Qaliya (Jizzax qal’asi)da qolgan aholi “Qaliya Mo‘lkanlik” deb atalgan.

'''1992'''-yil mahallalar tashkil etilgandan “Qaliya” mahallasi ham o‘z faoliyatini boshlagan. Mustaqillik yillarida mahalla hududida ijtimoiy infratuzilma rivojlanib, uy-joy qurilishi kengaydi hamda aholi turmush darajasini oshirishga qaratilgan turli loyihalar amalga oshirildi.

== Geografik joylashuvi ==
Qaliya mahallasi O‘zbekistonning markaziy qismida joylashgan bo‘lib, Jizzax viloyati tarkibidagi Jizzax shahar hududida joylashgan. Hudud Jizzax tekisligining sug‘oriladigan yerlari tarkibiga kiradi. [[Iqlim|Iqlimi]] keskin kontinental bo‘lib, yoz fasli issiq va quruq, qish fasli esa nisbatan sovuq bo‘ladi.

Mahalla hududining umumiy yer maydoni '''124''' gektarni tashkil etib, barcha qismi aholi yashash hududi hisoblanadi. Mahallada ko‘chalar soni '''29''' ta.

== Aholisi ==
Qaliya mahallasida hozirgi kunda '''9 477''' dan ziyod aholi istiqomat qilib kelmoqda. Demografik tarkib quyidagicha:

* '''1157''' ta xonadon;
* '''2007''' ta oila;
* '''5877''' nafar erkaklar;
* '''3600''' nafar ayollar.

Mahallada '''5973''' nafar mehnatga layoqatli aholi mavjud bo‘lib, ular asosan savdo va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalarida faoliyat yuritadi. Aholining asosiy qismi mahalliy aholiga mansub bo‘lib, bir necha avlod davomida shu hududda istiqomat qilib kelmoqda.

== Iqtisodiy faoliyati ==
Qaliya mahallasi iqtisodiyoti asosan savdo va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohasiga asoslangan. Mahalla aholisi quyidagi yo‘nalishlarda faoliyat olib boradi:

* [[Savdo]];
* Xizmat ko‘rsatish;
* Umumiy ovqatlanish;
* Tibbiy xizmatlar;
* [[Chorvachilik]].

Mahalla hududida kichik [[tadbirkorlik]] va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalari ham rivojlanib bormoqda.

== Hududiy tuzilishi ==
Mahalla hududida bir nechta ko‘chalar va aholi yashash massivlari mavjud bo‘lib, tarkibiy tuzilishi quyidagicha:

* '''29''' ta ko‘cha;
* '''15''' ta ijtimoiy faol fuqarolar guruhi;
* '''4''' ta jamoatchilik tuzilmasi;
* '''3''' ta mahalla komissiyasi.

== Ijtimoiy infratuzilma ==
Mahalla hududida aholiga xizmat ko‘rsatuvchi bir qator ijtimoiy va maishiy obyektlar mavjud. Jumladan:

* Umumiy o‘rta ta’lim muassasalari;
* Maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlari;
* Tibbiy xizmat ko‘rsatish obyektlari;
* Savdo shoxobchalari va xizmat ko‘rsatish obyektlari;
* Mahalla fuqarolar yig‘ini binosi.

== Boshqaruv ==
Qaliya mahallasi mahalla fuqarolar yig‘ini tomonidan boshqariladi. Mahalla raisi va fuqarolar yig‘ini faollari hududni obodonlashtirish, aholi muammolarini hal etish, yoshlar bandligini ta’minlash hamda ijtimoiy himoya tizimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha faoliyat olib boradi. Hududda turli jamoatchilik kengashlari ham faoliyat yuritadi.

== Manbalar ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qswnjy5r1y9f68e0n6l2egsiutzxafw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Gara Altyn (futbol klubi)</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364196</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988643</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T14:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988643</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}</text>
      <sha1>bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ashxobod (kinoteatr)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364197</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988647</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:05:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5988647</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5292" sha1="j9xk557p4o4vxq9dat6uzw7qr5myn1s" xml:space="preserve">{{Bino bilgiqutisi
| nomi                = Ashxobod kinoteatri
| asl_nomi            = Aşgabat kinoteatry
| tasvir              = 
| izoh                = Ashxobod kinoteatrining old ko‘rinishi
| coordinates         = {{coord|37|56|58|N|58|22|23|E|region:TM|display=inline,title}}
| maqom               = {{Color|green|Tugallangan}}
| boshlangan          = 2008
| tugagan             = 2011
| joylashuvi          = [[Ashxobod]]
| manzil              = Magtymguly shohkoʻchasi 115
| mamlakat            = {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| narx                = AQSh$20 milliondan ortiq
| egasi               =
| antenna_shpil       =
| tom                 =
| eng_yuqori_qavati   =
| rasadxona           =
| qavatlar_soni       =
| binoning_ichki_maydoni =
| liftlar_soni        =
| meʼmor              =
| architecture_firm   = [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]]
| main_contractor     = Ichkale
| vebsayt             =
}}

'''Ashxobod kinoteatri''' ({{langx|tk|Aşgabat kinoteatry}}) — [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi kinoteatr. Kinoteatr [[Magtymguly shohko‘chasi]]da, [[Kopetdag stadioni]] yaqinida joylashgan. 2011-yil 29-iyunda ochilgan boʻlib, u Turkmanistondagi birinchi [[3D film|3D]] kinoteatr hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083248/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|url-status=dead|title=Brauzer tekshiruvi...|archivedate=October 17, 2013|website=regnum.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarix ==
Birinchi 3D kinoteatr tashabbuskori Turkmaniston Prezidenti boʻlgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/20186|title=Ashxobodda 4D kinoteatr qurish rejalashtirilmoqda &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qurilish boʻyicha tender 2008-yil yanvar oyida eʼlon qilingan.

Sentabr oyida Turkiyaning „Ichkale“ qurilish kompaniyasi, „Turkmennebitgazgurlushik“ davlat konserni buyurtmasi asosida Ashxobod markazida yangi zamonaviy kinoteatr qurishi maʼlum qilindi. Loyiha qiymati 20 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq boʻlgan. Keyinchalik obyekt Fransiyaning [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]] qurilish kompaniyasiga topshirildi.

Binoning ochilish marosimi 2011-yil 29-iyunda Turkmaniston Prezidenti [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov]] ishtirokida boʻlib oʻtdi.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Kinoteatrda ikkita zal mavjud: katta (500 oʻrinli) va kichik (70 oʻrinli). „Ashxobod“ — Turkmanistonda filmlarni raqamli 3D formatda tomosha qilish mumkin boʻlgan birinchi kinoteatrdir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/36147.html|title=Ashxobod aholisi 3D kino tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ldi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kinomarkazning umumiy maydoni taxminan 4,5 million kvadrat metrni tashkil etadi. Binoning fasadi oq marmar va kulrang granit bilan qoplangan hamda vitraj oynalar bilan bezatilgan. Majmuada internet-kafe, kitob va suvenirlar doʻkoni hamda ochiq kafe faoliyat yuritadi. Asosiy kirish qismi oldida maxsus tadbirlar uchun maydon mavjud. Kinoteatrda asosan Turkmaniston haqidagi hujjatli filmlar namoyish etiladi. Filmlar faqat [[turkman tili]]da boʻlishi boʻyicha yozilmagan talab mavjud.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |title=Bo‘sh turgan «Ashxobod» |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703162934/http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dasturlar va tadbirlar ==
Kinoteatr asosan yangi filmlarni namoyish etadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru|title=Turkmanistonning madaniy, ishbilarmonlik va ko‘ngilochar hayoti haqida internet portali|website=Turkmenportal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Kinoteatr koʻpincha xorijiy davlatlar madaniyat kunlari oʻtkaziladigan joyga aylanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/83967-stala-izvestna-programma-dnei-kultury-armenii-v-turkmenistane|title=Turkmanistonda Armaniston madaniyat kunlari dasturi ma’lum bo‘ldi|date=October 24, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/47221.html|title=Turkmanistonda Tatariston Respublikasi madaniyat kunlari ochildi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2024-yil noyabr oyida kinoteatr [[Turkiy dunyo Korkut Ata kinofestivali]] tanlov filmlari namoyish etiladigan maskanga aylandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/84287-mezhdunarodnyi-kinofestival-gorkut-ata-proidet-v-turkmenistane-1315-noyabrya|title=Xalqaro «Gorkut ata» kinofestivali 13–15 noyabr kunlari Turkmanistonda bo‘lib o‘tadi|date=November 1, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* [http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 Teatrlar va kinomarkazlar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 |date=2016-03-04 }}

{{coord|37|56|58|N|58|22|23|E|region:IR_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Turkmanistondagi kinoteatrlar]]
[[Category:Ashxoboddagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:2011-yilda yakunlangan teatrlar]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988648</id>
      <parentid>5988647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:07:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988648</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5204" sha1="kdecoyw42pt622cnosyi4jnsuhkdo96" xml:space="preserve">{{Bino bilgiqutisi
| nomi                = Ashxobod kinoteatri
| asl_nomi            = Aşgabat kinoteatry
| tasvir              = 
| izoh                = Ashxobod kinoteatrining old ko‘rinishi
| coordinates         = {{coord|37|56|58|N|58|22|23|E|region:TM|display=inline,title}}
| maqom               = {{Color|green|Tugallangan}}
| boshlangan          = 2008
| tugagan             = 2011
| joylashuvi          = [[Ashxobod]]
| manzil              = Magtymguly shohkoʻchasi 115
| mamlakat            = {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| narx                = AQSh$20 milliondan ortiq
| egasi               =
| antenna_shpil       =
| tom                 =
| eng_yuqori_qavati   =
| rasadxona           =
| qavatlar_soni       =
| binoning_ichki_maydoni =
| liftlar_soni        =
| meʼmor              =
| architecture_firm   = [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]]
| main_contractor     = Ichkale
| vebsayt             =
}}

'''Ashxobod kinoteatri''' ({{langx|tk|Aşgabat kinoteatry}}) — [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi kinoteatr. Kinoteatr [[Mahtumquli shox ko'chasi]], [[Kopetdag stadioni]] yaqinida joylashgan. 2011-yil 29-iyunda ochilgan boʻlib, u Turkmanistondagi birinchi [[3D film|3D]] kinoteatr hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083248/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|url-status=dead|title=Brauzer tekshiruvi...|archivedate=October 17, 2013|website=regnum.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
Birinchi 3D kinoteatr tashabbuskori Turkmaniston Prezidenti boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/20186|title=Ashxobodda 4D kinoteatr qurish rejalashtirilmoqda &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qurilish boʻyicha tender 2008-yil yanvar oyida eʼlon qilingan.

Sentabr oyida Turkiyaning „Ichkale“ qurilish kompaniyasi, „Turkmennebitgazgurlushik“ davlat konserni buyurtmasi asosida Ashxobod markazida yangi zamonaviy kinoteatr qurishi maʼlum qilindi. Loyiha qiymati 20 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq boʻlgan. Keyinchalik obyekt Fransiyaning [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]] qurilish kompaniyasiga topshirildi.

Binoning ochilish marosimi 2011-yil 29-iyunda Turkmaniston Prezidenti [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] ishtirokida boʻlib oʻtdi.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Kinoteatrda ikkita zal mavjud: katta (500 oʻrinli) va kichik (70 oʻrinli). „Ashxobod“ — Turkmanistonda filmlarni raqamli 3D formatda tomosha qilish mumkin boʻlgan birinchi kinoteatrdir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/36147.html|title=Ashxobod aholisi 3D kino tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ldi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kinomarkazning umumiy maydoni taxminan 4,5 million kvadrat metrni tashkil etadi. Binoning fasadi oq marmar va kulrang granit bilan qoplangan hamda vitraj oynalar bilan bezatilgan. Majmuada internet-kafe, kitob va suvenirlar doʻkoni hamda ochiq kafe faoliyat yuritadi. Asosiy kirish qismi oldida maxsus tadbirlar uchun maydon mavjud. Kinoteatrda asosan Turkmaniston haqidagi hujjatli filmlar namoyish etiladi. Filmlar faqat [[turkman tili]]da boʻlishi boʻyicha yozilmagan talab mavjud&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |title=Bo‘sh turgan «Ashxobod» |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703162934/http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Dasturlar va tadbirlar ==
Kinoteatr asosan yangi filmlarni namoyish etadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru|title=Turkmanistonning madaniy, ishbilarmonlik va ko‘ngilochar hayoti haqida internet portali|website=Turkmenportal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Kinoteatr koʻpincha xorijiy davlatlar madaniyat kunlari oʻtkaziladigan joyga aylanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/83967-stala-izvestna-programma-dnei-kultury-armenii-v-turkmenistane|title=Turkmanistonda Armaniston madaniyat kunlari dasturi ma’lum bo‘ldi|date=October 24, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/47221.html|title=Turkmanistonda Tatariston Respublikasi madaniyat kunlari ochildi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2024-yil noyabr oyida kinoteatr [[Turkiy dunyo Korkut Ata kinofestivali]] tanlov filmlari namoyish etiladigan maskanga aylandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/84287-mezhdunarodnyi-kinofestival-gorkut-ata-proidet-v-turkmenistane-1315-noyabrya|title=Xalqaro «Gorkut ata» kinofestivali 13–15 noyabr kunlari Turkmanistonda bo‘lib o‘tadi|date=November 1, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 Teatrlar va kinomarkazlar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 |date=2016-03-04 }}


[[Category:Turkmanistondagi kinoteatrlar]]
[[Category:Ashxoboddagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:2011-yilda yakunlangan teatrlar]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988650</id>
      <parentid>5988648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:08:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Filmlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988650</origin>
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      <text bytes="5223" sha1="rc582n6fdsi7sojqswm6wek6cc5309r" xml:space="preserve">{{Bino bilgiqutisi
| nomi                = Ashxobod kinoteatri
| asl_nomi            = Aşgabat kinoteatry
| tasvir              = 
| izoh                = Ashxobod kinoteatrining old ko‘rinishi
| coordinates         = {{coord|37|56|58|N|58|22|23|E|region:TM|display=inline,title}}
| maqom               = {{Color|green|Tugallangan}}
| boshlangan          = 2008
| tugagan             = 2011
| joylashuvi          = [[Ashxobod]]
| manzil              = Magtymguly shohkoʻchasi 115
| mamlakat            = {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| narx                = AQSh$20 milliondan ortiq
| egasi               =
| antenna_shpil       =
| tom                 =
| eng_yuqori_qavati   =
| rasadxona           =
| qavatlar_soni       =
| binoning_ichki_maydoni =
| liftlar_soni        =
| meʼmor              =
| architecture_firm   = [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]]
| main_contractor     = Ichkale
| vebsayt             =
}}

'''Ashxobod kinoteatri''' ({{langx|tk|Aşgabat kinoteatry}}) — [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi kinoteatr. Kinoteatr [[Mahtumquli shox ko'chasi]], [[Kopetdag stadioni]] yaqinida joylashgan. 2011-yil 29-iyunda ochilgan boʻlib, u Turkmanistondagi birinchi [[3D film|3D]] kinoteatr hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083248/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|url-status=dead|title=Brauzer tekshiruvi...|archivedate=October 17, 2013|website=regnum.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
Birinchi 3D kinoteatr tashabbuskori Turkmaniston Prezidenti boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/20186|title=Ashxobodda 4D kinoteatr qurish rejalashtirilmoqda &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qurilish boʻyicha tender 2008-yil yanvar oyida eʼlon qilingan.

Sentabr oyida Turkiyaning „Ichkale“ qurilish kompaniyasi, „Turkmennebitgazgurlushik“ davlat konserni buyurtmasi asosida Ashxobod markazida yangi zamonaviy kinoteatr qurishi maʼlum qilindi. Loyiha qiymati 20 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq boʻlgan. Keyinchalik obyekt Fransiyaning [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]] qurilish kompaniyasiga topshirildi.

Binoning ochilish marosimi 2011-yil 29-iyunda Turkmaniston Prezidenti [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] ishtirokida boʻlib oʻtdi.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Kinoteatrda ikkita zal mavjud: katta (500 oʻrinli) va kichik (70 oʻrinli). „Ashxobod“ — Turkmanistonda filmlarni raqamli 3D formatda tomosha qilish mumkin boʻlgan birinchi kinoteatrdir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/36147.html|title=Ashxobod aholisi 3D kino tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ldi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kinomarkazning umumiy maydoni taxminan 4,5 million kvadrat metrni tashkil etadi. Binoning fasadi oq marmar va kulrang granit bilan qoplangan hamda vitraj oynalar bilan bezatilgan. Majmuada internet-kafe, kitob va suvenirlar doʻkoni hamda ochiq kafe faoliyat yuritadi. Asosiy kirish qismi oldida maxsus tadbirlar uchun maydon mavjud. Kinoteatrda asosan Turkmaniston haqidagi hujjatli filmlar namoyish etiladi. Filmlar faqat [[turkman tili]]da boʻlishi boʻyicha yozilmagan talab mavjud&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |title=Bo‘sh turgan «Ashxobod» |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703162934/http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Dasturlar va tadbirlar ==
Kinoteatr asosan yangi filmlarni namoyish etadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru|title=Turkmanistonning madaniy, ishbilarmonlik va ko‘ngilochar hayoti haqida internet portali|website=Turkmenportal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Kinoteatr koʻpincha xorijiy davlatlar madaniyat kunlari oʻtkaziladigan joyga aylanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/83967-stala-izvestna-programma-dnei-kultury-armenii-v-turkmenistane|title=Turkmanistonda Armaniston madaniyat kunlari dasturi ma’lum bo‘ldi|date=October 24, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/47221.html|title=Turkmanistonda Tatariston Respublikasi madaniyat kunlari ochildi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2024-yil noyabr oyida kinoteatr [[Turkiy dunyo Korkut Ata kinofestivali]] tanlov filmlari namoyish etiladigan maskanga aylandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/84287-mezhdunarodnyi-kinofestival-gorkut-ata-proidet-v-turkmenistane-1315-noyabrya|title=Xalqaro «Gorkut ata» kinofestivali 13–15 noyabr kunlari Turkmanistonda bo‘lib o‘tadi|date=November 1, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 Teatrlar va kinomarkazlar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 |date=2016-03-04 }}


[[Category:Turkmanistondagi kinoteatrlar]]
[[Category:Ashxoboddagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:2011-yilda yakunlangan teatrlar]]
[[Turkum:Filmlar]]</text>
      <sha1>rc582n6fdsi7sojqswm6wek6cc5309r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988651</id>
      <parentid>5988650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:08:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988651</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5247" sha1="i4sf16inv5m3lxgayosp4e67n2eoowd" xml:space="preserve">{{Bino bilgiqutisi
| nomi                = Ashxobod kinoteatri
| asl_nomi            = Aşgabat kinoteatry
| tasvir              = 
| izoh                = Ashxobod kinoteatrining old ko‘rinishi
| coordinates         = {{coord|37|56|58|N|58|22|23|E|region:TM|display=inline,title}}
| maqom               = {{Color|green|Tugallangan}}
| boshlangan          = 2008
| tugagan             = 2011
| joylashuvi          = [[Ashxobod]]
| manzil              = Magtymguly shohkoʻchasi 115
| mamlakat            = {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| narx                = AQSh$20 milliondan ortiq
| egasi               =
| antenna_shpil       =
| tom                 =
| eng_yuqori_qavati   =
| rasadxona           =
| qavatlar_soni       =
| binoning_ichki_maydoni =
| liftlar_soni        =
| meʼmor              =
| architecture_firm   = [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]]
| main_contractor     = Ichkale
| vebsayt             =
}}

'''Ashxobod kinoteatri''' ({{langx|tk|Aşgabat kinoteatry}}) — [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi kinoteatr. Kinoteatr [[Mahtumquli shox ko'chasi]], [[Kopetdag stadioni]] yaqinida joylashgan. 2011-yil 29-iyunda ochilgan boʻlib, u Turkmanistondagi birinchi [[3D film|3D]] kinoteatr hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083248/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|url-status=dead|title=Brauzer tekshiruvi...|archivedate=October 17, 2013|website=regnum.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
Birinchi 3D kinoteatr tashabbuskori Turkmaniston Prezidenti boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/20186|title=Ashxobodda 4D kinoteatr qurish rejalashtirilmoqda &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qurilish boʻyicha tender 2008-yil yanvar oyida eʼlon qilingan.

Sentabr oyida Turkiyaning „Ichkale“ qurilish kompaniyasi, „Turkmennebitgazgurlushik“ davlat konserni buyurtmasi asosida Ashxobod markazida yangi zamonaviy kinoteatr qurishi maʼlum qilindi. Loyiha qiymati 20 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq boʻlgan. Keyinchalik obyekt Fransiyaning [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]] qurilish kompaniyasiga topshirildi.

Binoning ochilish marosimi 2011-yil 29-iyunda Turkmaniston Prezidenti [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] ishtirokida boʻlib oʻtdi.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Kinoteatrda ikkita zal mavjud: katta (500 oʻrinli) va kichik (70 oʻrinli). „Ashxobod“ — Turkmanistonda filmlarni raqamli 3D formatda tomosha qilish mumkin boʻlgan birinchi kinoteatrdir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/36147.html|title=Ashxobod aholisi 3D kino tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ldi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kinomarkazning umumiy maydoni taxminan 4,5 million kvadrat metrni tashkil etadi. Binoning fasadi oq marmar va kulrang granit bilan qoplangan hamda vitraj oynalar bilan bezatilgan. Majmuada internet-kafe, kitob va suvenirlar doʻkoni hamda ochiq kafe faoliyat yuritadi. Asosiy kirish qismi oldida maxsus tadbirlar uchun maydon mavjud. Kinoteatrda asosan Turkmaniston haqidagi hujjatli filmlar namoyish etiladi. Filmlar faqat [[turkman tili]]da boʻlishi boʻyicha yozilmagan talab mavjud&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |title=Bo‘sh turgan «Ashxobod» |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703162934/http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Dasturlar va tadbirlar ==
Kinoteatr asosan yangi filmlarni namoyish etadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru|title=Turkmanistonning madaniy, ishbilarmonlik va ko‘ngilochar hayoti haqida internet portali|website=Turkmenportal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Kinoteatr koʻpincha xorijiy davlatlar madaniyat kunlari oʻtkaziladigan joyga aylanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/83967-stala-izvestna-programma-dnei-kultury-armenii-v-turkmenistane|title=Turkmanistonda Armaniston madaniyat kunlari dasturi ma’lum bo‘ldi|date=October 24, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/47221.html|title=Turkmanistonda Tatariston Respublikasi madaniyat kunlari ochildi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2024-yil noyabr oyida kinoteatr [[Turkiy dunyo Korkut Ata kinofestivali]] tanlov filmlari namoyish etiladigan maskanga aylandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/84287-mezhdunarodnyi-kinofestival-gorkut-ata-proidet-v-turkmenistane-1315-noyabrya|title=Xalqaro «Gorkut ata» kinofestivali 13–15 noyabr kunlari Turkmanistonda bo‘lib o‘tadi|date=November 1, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 Teatrlar va kinomarkazlar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 |date=2016-03-04 }}


[[Category:Turkmanistondagi kinoteatrlar]]
[[Category:Ashxoboddagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:2011-yilda yakunlangan teatrlar]]
[[Turkum:Filmlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston]]</text>
      <sha1>i4sf16inv5m3lxgayosp4e67n2eoowd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988652</id>
      <parentid>5988651</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T15:08:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988652</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5247" sha1="d0okpjy6apzmt6tfi1dzco0ym41jmxh" xml:space="preserve">{{Bino bilgiqutisi
| nomi                = Ashxobod kinoteatri
| asl_nomi            = Aşgabat kinoteatry
| tasvir              = 
| izoh                = Ashxobod kinoteatrining old ko‘rinishi
| coordinates         = {{coord|37|56|58|N|58|22|23|E|region:TM|display=inline,title}}
| maqom               = {{Color|green|Tugallangan}}
| boshlangan          = 2008
| tugagan             = 2011
| joylashuvi          = [[Ashxobod]]
| manzil              = Mahtumquli shohkoʻchasi 115
| mamlakat            = {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
| narx                = AQSh$20 milliondan ortiq
| egasi               =
| antenna_shpil       =
| tom                 =
| eng_yuqori_qavati   =
| rasadxona           =
| qavatlar_soni       =
| binoning_ichki_maydoni =
| liftlar_soni        =
| meʼmor              =
| architecture_firm   = [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]]
| main_contractor     = Ichkale
| vebsayt             =
}}

'''Ashxobod kinoteatri''' ({{langx|tk|Aşgabat kinoteatry}}) — [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi kinoteatr. Kinoteatr [[Mahtumquli shoh ko'chasi]], [[Kopetdag stadioni]] yaqinida joylashgan. 2011-yil 29-iyunda ochilgan boʻlib, u Turkmanistondagi birinchi [[3D film|3D]] kinoteatr hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083248/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/1420372.html|url-status=dead|title=Brauzer tekshiruvi...|archivedate=October 17, 2013|website=regnum.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
Birinchi 3D kinoteatr tashabbuskori Turkmaniston Prezidenti boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/20186|title=Ashxobodda 4D kinoteatr qurish rejalashtirilmoqda &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qurilish boʻyicha tender 2008-yil yanvar oyida eʼlon qilingan.

Sentabr oyida Turkiyaning „Ichkale“ qurilish kompaniyasi, „Turkmennebitgazgurlushik“ davlat konserni buyurtmasi asosida Ashxobod markazida yangi zamonaviy kinoteatr qurishi maʼlum qilindi. Loyiha qiymati 20 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq boʻlgan. Keyinchalik obyekt Fransiyaning [[Vinci (construction)|Vinci]] qurilish kompaniyasiga topshirildi.

Binoning ochilish marosimi 2011-yil 29-iyunda Turkmaniston Prezidenti [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] ishtirokida boʻlib oʻtdi.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Kinoteatrda ikkita zal mavjud: katta (500 oʻrinli) va kichik (70 oʻrinli). „Ashxobod“ — Turkmanistonda filmlarni raqamli 3D formatda tomosha qilish mumkin boʻlgan birinchi kinoteatrdir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/36147.html|title=Ashxobod aholisi 3D kino tomosha qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ldi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kinomarkazning umumiy maydoni taxminan 4,5 million kvadrat metrni tashkil etadi. Binoning fasadi oq marmar va kulrang granit bilan qoplangan hamda vitraj oynalar bilan bezatilgan. Majmuada internet-kafe, kitob va suvenirlar doʻkoni hamda ochiq kafe faoliyat yuritadi. Asosiy kirish qismi oldida maxsus tadbirlar uchun maydon mavjud. Kinoteatrda asosan Turkmaniston haqidagi hujjatli filmlar namoyish etiladi. Filmlar faqat [[turkman tili]]da boʻlishi boʻyicha yozilmagan talab mavjud&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |title=Bo‘sh turgan «Ashxobod» |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703162934/http://www.chrono-tm.org/2012/09/pustuyushhiy-ashhabad/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Dasturlar va tadbirlar ==
Kinoteatr asosan yangi filmlarni namoyish etadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru|title=Turkmanistonning madaniy, ishbilarmonlik va ko‘ngilochar hayoti haqida internet portali|website=Turkmenportal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Kinoteatr koʻpincha xorijiy davlatlar madaniyat kunlari oʻtkaziladigan joyga aylanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/83967-stala-izvestna-programma-dnei-kultury-armenii-v-turkmenistane|title=Turkmanistonda Armaniston madaniyat kunlari dasturi ma’lum bo‘ldi|date=October 24, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/47221.html|title=Turkmanistonda Tatariston Respublikasi madaniyat kunlari ochildi &amp;#124; Internet-gazeta Turkmenistan.Ru|website=www.turkmenistan.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2024-yil noyabr oyida kinoteatr [[Turkiy dunyo Korkut Ata kinofestivali]] tanlov filmlari namoyish etiladigan maskanga aylandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/ru/news/84287-mezhdunarodnyi-kinofestival-gorkut-ata-proidet-v-turkmenistane-1315-noyabrya|title=Xalqaro «Gorkut ata» kinofestivali 13–15 noyabr kunlari Turkmanistonda bo‘lib o‘tadi|date=November 1, 2024|website=Turkmenportal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 Teatrlar va kinomarkazlar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001001/http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/2013-05-25-04-30-48/100-2013-05-19-11-33-45 |date=2016-03-04 }}


[[Category:Turkmanistondagi kinoteatrlar]]
[[Category:Ashxoboddagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:2011-yilda yakunlangan teatrlar]]
[[Turkum:Filmlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston]]</text>
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    <title>Munozara:Ashxobod (kinoteatr)</title>
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      <comment>/* Anzoda qo'shish */ yangi mavzu</comment>
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      <text bytes="169" sha1="ewvw9hbfmxxqnf9erzqao7rva90ofav" xml:space="preserve">== Anzoda qo'shish ==

{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}

[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 15:09, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Сохибжонов Сардор [[Foydalanuvchi:Сохибжонов Сардор]] sahifasini [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]ga koʻchirdi: Google korinmayapti</comment>
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      <text bytes="57" sha1="ker19sazvl31oc9neyne9nw12n286ln" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]</text>
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'''Foydalanuvchi:Sokhibjonov Sardor'''</text>
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      <text bytes="57" sha1="ker19sazvl31oc9neyne9nw12n286ln" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]</text>
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      <comment>Buyuk inson</comment>
      <origin>5988865</origin>
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      <text bytes="598" sha1="ru9uslkomy2hn9n3j4nt8um8aye655y" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]][[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sardor Sohibjonov „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sardor-sokhibjonov LinkedIn profili]</text>
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      <text bytes="619" sha1="r1lkic6iy50tgfcag9ajtzjf7xtnv9x" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]][[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sardor-sokhibjonov LinkedIn profili]</text>
      <sha1>r1lkic6iy50tgfcag9ajtzjf7xtnv9x</sha1>
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      <text bytes="692" sha1="0vtbwptjypaovs9avkjkkyyzaz399yf" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]][[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar ==
*
https://www.linkedin.com/in/сохибжонов-сардор-562a2a3b4?utm_source=share_via&amp;utm_content=profile&amp;utm_medium=member_android</text>
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      <text bytes="548" sha1="a80trytd7r9tvc6rcv7yxk4z8hhe0z9" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]][[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar</text>
      <sha1>a80trytd7r9tvc6rcv7yxk4z8hhe0z9</sha1>
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      <text bytes="616" sha1="7q2crfr528i4zmwxwe787haqnwsd1h2" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]
[https://www.instagram.com/ssdogli?igsh=OHd1aGh0OTN0M29j Instagram][[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar</text>
      <sha1>7q2crfr528i4zmwxwe787haqnwsd1h2</sha1>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="767" sha1="jyz27r4086rpke9k99499puxjzitigi" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]
[https://www.instagram.com/ssdogli?igsh=OHd1aGh0OTN0M29j Instagram] [https://www.linkedin.com/in/сохибжонов-сардор-562a2a3b4?utm_source=share_via&amp;utm_content=profile&amp;utm_medium=member_android LinkedIn] [[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar</text>
      <sha1>jyz27r4086rpke9k99499puxjzitigi</sha1>
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    <revision>
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        <id>258152</id>
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      <origin>5988871</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="856" sha1="17xwmqk94x5jc4buf68dtde0b2ik4xa" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]
[https://www.instagram.com/ssdogli?igsh=OHd1aGh0OTN0M29j Instagram] [https://www.linkedin.com/in/сохибжонов-сардор-562a2a3b4?utm_source=share_via&amp;utm_content=profile&amp;utm_medium=member_android LinkedIn] [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_xjN2YAAAAAJ&amp;hl=ru&amp;authuser=1 Google scholer] [[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar</text>
      <sha1>17xwmqk94x5jc4buf68dtde0b2ik4xa</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkman adabiyoti</title>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5988662</origin>
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      <text bytes="27668" sha1="az9qguzr76ez90w88xma1hgt7l80zfg" xml:space="preserve">'''Turkman adabiyoti''' ({{langx|tk|Türkmen edebiýaty}}) ogʻzaki ijod namunalarini va qadimgi [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz turkiy tillari]] hamda [[turkman tili]]da yozilgan matnlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. [[Turkman xalqi|Turkmanlar]] — [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning bevosita avlodlari boʻlib, ular gʻarbiy [[turkiy xalqlar]]dan biri hisoblanadi va [[turkiy tillar|turkiy tillar oilasi]]ning [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz tarmogʻi]]ni shakllantirgan.

Umumiy turkiy adabiyot tarixi qariyb 1300 yilni oʻz ichiga oladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVb%20silk%20road_oral%20tradition%20and%20the%20literary%20heritage.pdfwebsite=https://en.unesco.org/|title=Ipak yo‘llari dasturi|access-date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eng qadimgi yozma [[turkiy tillar|turkiy]] yodgorliklar [[run yozuvi]]dagi bitiklarda uchraydi, ulardan eng mashhurlari VII asrga oid [[Orxon yozuvi|Orxon bitiklari]]dir. Keyinchalik, IX–XI asrlar oraligʻida Markaziy Osiyodagi [[ko‘chmanchi]] [[turkiy xalqlar]] orasida [[og‘zaki adabiyot|ogʻzaki]] [[epik she’riyat]] anʼanalari shakllandi. Bular qatoriga [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning (zamonaviy [[turk xalqi|turklar]], [[turkman xalqi|turkmanlar]] va [[ozarbayjon xalqi|ozarbayjonlar]]ning til va madaniy ajdodlari) ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' hamda [[qirg‘iz xalqi]]ning ''[[Manas dostoni]]'' kiradi.

[[Manzikert jangi]]dan soʻng, oʻgʻuz turklari XI asrdan boshlab [[Anadolu]] hududiga joylashdilar. Ularning avvalgi ogʻzaki anʼanalari bilan bir qatorda, arab va [[fors adabiyoti]] taʼsiri ostida yozma adabiy anʼana ham shakllandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Babyr |title=Devon |date=2004 |publisher=Miras |location=Ashgabat |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Turkman adabiyotining dastlabki rivoji oʻgʻuz turklari adabiyoti bilan chambarchas bogʻliq.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johanson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Johanson |first=L. |editor-first1=Keith |editor-last1=Brown |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last2=Ogilvie|title=Jahon tillari qisqacha ensiklopediyasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA111|pages=110–113 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|date=6 April 2010|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Turkmanlar oʻgʻuz turkiy kelib chiqishga ega boshqa xalqlar, ayniqsa [[Ozarbayjon]] va [[Turkiya]] bilan birgalikda qadimgi oʻgʻuz va [[fors tili]]da (XI–XII asrlarda [[Saljuqiylar]] tomonidan) yozilgan bir qator adabiy asarlarga umumiy daʼvogarlik qiladilar. Bu asarlar qatoriga ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'', ''[[Ko‘ro‘g‘li dostoni]]'', „[[Layli va Majnun]]“ va „[[Yusuf va Zulayho]]“ kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |pages=29, 39, 198, 231}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shunga qaramay, zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti XVIII asrda [[she’riyat]] va [[Magtymguly Pyragy]] ijodi bilan boshlangan degan umumiy fikr mavjud. U turkman adabiyotining otasi hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkmaniston madaniyati |url=https://asian-recipe.com/turkmenistan-culture-3481 |website=Asian recipe|date=9 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shu davrning boshqa mashhur turkman shoirlari qatoriga [[Döwletmämmet Azady]] (Magtymgulining otasi), Nurmuhammet Andalyp, Abdylla Şabende, Şeýdaýy, Mahmyt Gaýyby va Gurbanally Magrupy kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurmuhammet Andalyp |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/andalyp.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarix ==
[[File:Kitab-ı Dede Korkut ala-lisan-i Ta'ife-i Oğuzhan, Dresden.jpg|thumb|right|120px|&quot;Dada Qoʻrqut kitobi&quot;ning Drezden qoʻlyozmasi]]
Turkman adabiyoti barcha turkiy xalqlar uchun umumiy boʻlgan eng qadimgi turkiy adabiyot bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Turk sheʼriyatining eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan baʼzilari milodiy VI asrga borib taqaladi va ular [[uyg‘ur tili]]da yaratilgan. [[Uyg‘ur turkiy tili]] yozuvchilariga mansub ayrim dastlabki sheʼrlar faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimalar orqali saqlanib qolgan. [[Og‘zaki she’riyat]] davrida ilk turkiy sheʼrlar qoʻshiq sifatida yaratilgan boʻlib, ularni ijro etish jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayoti va koʻngilochar faoliyatining muhim qismi boʻlgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talat |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun epik asarlar ichida faqat [[O‘g‘uznoma]] toʻliq holda saqlanib qolgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' oʻz ildizlarini X asr sheʼriyatidan olgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u XV asrgacha ogʻzaki anʼana sifatida mavjud boʻlgan. Dastlabki yozma asarlar — ''[[Qutadg‘u bilig]]'' va ''[[Devonu lug‘otit turk]]'' — XI asrning ikkinchi yarmiga mansub boʻlib, turkiy adabiyotning eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan hisoblanadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;A Millenium of Turkish Literature&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |page=viii}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oʻgʻuz turkiy ([[Turkoman (etnonim)|turkman]]) adabiyotining eng muhim namoyandalaridan biri XIII asr [[sufiylik|sufiy]] shoiri [[Yunus Emre]] hisoblanadi. Turkman adabiyotining „oltin davri“ X asrdan XVII asrgacha davom etgan deb hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining shakllanishi ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1989 CPA 6091 stamp (Koroghlu, Azerbaijan epic poem. A. Gadzhiev).jpg|thumb|left|175px|A. Hajiyev tomonidan tasvirlangan Goʻroʻgʻli]]
Yozma adabiyotda zamonaviy turkman tiliga yaqin shaklning ilk qoʻllanishi XV–XVI asrlarga toʻgʻri keladi. Zamonaviy turkman tiliga xos unsurlar umumiy turkiy adabiyotdagi [[chig‘atoy tili]]da yozilgan asarlarda ham uchraydi. Chigʻatoy tilining turkman adabiyotiga taʼsiri keyingi davrlarda ham sezilarli boʻlib qolgan. Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining eng qadimgi namunalariga [[Xuroson viloyati|Xuroson]] turkmanlaridan boʻlgan Vafayi tomonidan yozilgan diniy-axloqiy asar ''Islom nuri'' ({{lang|tk|Rownak-ul-Islam}}, 1464), XVI asrga oid [[Bairam Khan]] sheʼrlari hamda [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]]ning ''[[Turkmanlar nasabnomasi]]'' (XVII asr) kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Milliy taqvim (turkman tilida) |url=http://www.turkmensahra.org/turkmen/arhiw/akmyrad/kronology.php |website=Turkmen Sahra}}&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asrda qayd etilgan anonim romanlar — {{lang|tk|[[Asli va Kerem|Asly Kerem]]}}, {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}}, {{lang|tk|[[Go‘ro‘g‘li dostoni|Görogly]]}}, {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}}, {{lang|tk|Ibrahim}}, {{lang|tk|Edehem}}, {{lang|tk|Zeýnal-Arap}}, {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}} va boshqalar — tili va mazmuni tahliliga koʻra, aslida XV–XVII asrlarda yaratilgan. Ular Sharqda keng tarqalgan „sayyor syujetlar“ asosida tuzilgan boʻlib, sevgi gʻalabasi, qahramonlarning jasorati va mardligini madh etadi. Qahramonlar toʻsiqlarni yengib, yovuz kuchlarga qarshi kurashadi; bu kuchlar koʻpincha [[dev (mifologiya)|devlar]], [[jin]]lar, [[pari]]lar kabi fantastik mavjudotlar orqali ifodalanadi. Ushbu mavjudotlar {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Saýatly Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Görogly}} va {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}} kabi asarlarda qahramonlarga murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda yordam beradi. {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}} va boshqa asarlar esa [[Islom]] vakillari, xususan [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]] va uning izdoshlarining „[ [kofirlar]] ]“ga qarshi kurashini tasvirlaydi. Ushbu romanlarning badiiy shakliga xos jihat — [[nasr]] va sheʼriy parchalar almashinib kelishidir.&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, pp. 163-170&lt;/ref&gt;

Saqlanib qolgan turkman [[folklor]]i — [[ertak]]lar, [[qo‘shiq]]lar, [[latifa]]lar, [[maqol]]lar, [[matallar]], [[tez aytish]]lar va boshqalar — nafaqat aslzoda qahramonlarni, balki oddiy xalq vakillarini ham oʻz ichiga oladi: {{lang|tk|Aldar Köse}}, {{lang|tk|Kelje}}, {{lang|tk|Dälije}}, {{lang|tk|Aklamyh gyzlary}}, {{lang|tk|Gara atly gyz}} va boshqalar. Ular mehnatsevarlik, chaqqonlik, topqirlik va jasorat tufayli murakkab vaziyatlarda gʻalaba qozonadi. Turkmanistonda adabiy jarayonning ajralmas qismi doimo xalq orasidan chiqqan badihagoʻy shoir — ''shahir'' (''şahyr'') boʻlib kelgan; ular odatda savodsiz boʻlishgan.&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, p. 164&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ertegi.ru/index.php?id=11|title=Qozog‘iston xalq ertaklari &amp;#124; Aldar Ko‘se haqidagi ertaklar|website=www.ertegi.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mahtumquli Pyragy ===
{{Main|Magtymguly Pyragy}}
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Mahtumquli Pyragy]] — keng bilimga ega shoir va faylasuf, Azadyning oʻgʻli boʻlib, turkman adabiyotida tub burilish yasagan shaxs hisoblanadi. U adabiy asarlar mavzusini kengaytirib, milliy til va butun xalq muammolariga murojaat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilar uning qariyb 800 ga yaqin sheʼr yozganini taʼkidlaydilar, biroq ularning bir qismi soxta (apokrif) boʻlishi mumkin. Asarlarining katta qismi ''goshgy'' (xalq qoʻshiqlari) shaklida yozilgan, ayrimlari esa shaxsiy ''gʻazal'' tarzida boʻlib, ularda soʻfiylik unsurlari ham mavjud. XIX asrda Mahtumquli sheʼrlari yozma shaklda emas, balki ogʻzaki tarzda Markaziy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalib, [[qoraqalpoq xalqi|qoraqalpoqlar]], [[tojik xalqi|tojiklar]] va [[kurd xalqi|kurdlar]] orasida ham mashhurlikka erishgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkman adabiyoti |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Turkmen-literature |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uning 300 dan ortiq saqlanib qolgan sheʼrlarida oʻz davrida maʼlum boʻlgan deyarli barcha mamlakatlar, fanlar va adabiy manbalarga murojaatlar uchraydi. U urugʻ va qabila chegaralaridan chiqib, butun turkman xalqining birlashuv orzusini ifoda etgan. U [[xalq tili]]dan foydalangan boʻlib, uning koʻplab misralari xalq maqollari va matallariga aylangan. Davr ziddiyatlarini ochiq ifodalashi, chuqur samimiyligi va yuqori badiiy saviyasi uning asarlarini boshqa shoirlar uchun namuna qilib qoʻydi hamda keyingi avlod adiblari tomonidan keng taqlid qilindi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Mahtumqulining toʻplangan asarlari koʻplab turkmanlar tomonidan turkman adabiyotining eng yuksak choʻqqisi sifatida baholanadi. Uning sheʼrlari turkman tilida soʻzlashuvchi hududlardagi koʻplab oilalarda uchraydi, yod olinadi va kundalik nutqda maqol va hikmat sifatida qoʻllanadi. Uning hayoti va ijodi koʻplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va talqinlar mavzusiga aylangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ashyrov |first1=Annagurban |title=Magtymguly qo‘lyozmalarining tahlili (turkman tilida) |date=2014 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat nashriyot xizmati |location=Ashxobod |pages=9–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Quyida Mahtumqulining {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (''Ayrildim'') sheʼridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Aýryldym gunça gülümden.
Syýa saçly sünbülimden,
Hoş owazly bilbilimden,
Şirin güftardan aýryldym.

Illeri bar diňli-diňli,
Sowuk suwly, ter öleňli,
Ili — gökleň, ady — Meňli,
Näzli dildardan aýryldym.

Magtymguly, aşyk mestan,
Bagladym şanyna destan,
Menzilgähi bagy-bostan.
Almaly nardan aýryldym.&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Men oʻz gʻunchagulimdan ayrildim,
Qora sochli goʻzalimdan,
Yoqqimli ovozli bulbulimdan,
Shirin soʻzli yorimdan ayrildim.

Uning yurtlari minorali,
Sovuq suvli, yam-yashil yaylovli,
Eli — Goʻklen, nomi — Meňli,
Nozik dilbarimdan ayrildim.

Mahtumquli, ishq masti,
Senga bagʻishlab doston bitdim,
Uning maskani bogʻu boʻston,
Olmali-anorli diyordan ayrildim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aýryldym |url=https://www.turkmenkultur.de/ayryldym/ |website=Türkmen kultur ojagynyň internet sahypasy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}
=== Şeýdaýy, Magrupy va boshqalar ===
XVIII asr oxirida, [[chig‘atoy tili]] taʼsiri saqlanib qolgan holda, yozma turkman tili bilan soʻzlashuv tilining yaqinlashuvi boshlandi. XVIII asr oxiri — XIX asr boshlaridagi ijodiy sheʼriyat Şeýdaýy ({{lang|tk|Gül we Senuwer}} nomli [[fantastik roman]] va [[lirik she’rlar]] muallifi) hamda 400 ta sheʼr toʻplami bilan tanilgan Gaýyby kabi ijodkorlar nomi bilan bogʻliq. Yozuvchi Magrupy esa qahramonlik ruhidagi {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} romani va „Seýfel Melek“ muhabbat qissasining muallifi hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Quyida Magrupyning {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} asaridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet beg diýer, meni göze almadyň,
Öwüt edip, belli jogap bermediň,
Özüň bildiň meni adam bilmediň,
Ak patany bergin, Ýusup soltanym

Ýusup beg diýer, bildim, arslan ekeniň,
Jahany titreden pälwan ekeniň,
Boýny ýogyn, gödek oglan ekeniň,
Barabarda ýörgün, Ahmet mürzeýim!
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet bek deydi: meni tushunmading,
Nasihat berding, ammo aniq javob bermading,
Oʻzingni oʻylab, meni inson oʻrnida koʻrmading,
Oq fotiha ber, ey sultonim Yusuf.

Yusuf bek deydi: bildim, sen arslonsan,
Jahonni larzaga keltiruvchi pahlavonsan,
Baquvvat, qoʻrqmas yigitsan,
Toʻgʻri yoʻlda yur, ey shahzoda Ahmet!
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}

=== XIX asr boshlarida ===

[[File:TM-2003-1000manat-Mollanepes-b.png|thumb|175px|Shoir [[Mollanepes]] Turkmanistonning [[yodgorlik tangasi]]da]]
XIX asr boshlarida turkman tilida ijod qilgan koʻplab shoir va nasrnavislarning paydo boʻlishi bilan ajralib turadi. Ular qatoriga lirik sheʼrlar hamda [[ilmiy fantastika]] ruhidagi asarlar muallifi Şabende, shuningdek Şabehrem, Hojaýy Berdi Han va Nejep Oglan kiradi. Ular dushmanlarga qarshi kurashda jasorat, fidoyilik va qahramonlikni madh etgan. Shoir [[Mollanepes]] {{lang|tk|Zöhre we Tahyr}} romanining muallifi boʻlib, unda [[shoh]]lar va [[saroy amaldorlari]]ning xiyonati fosh etiladi, haqiqat va muhabbatning gʻalabasi ulugʻlanadi. Şabende tomonidan yozilgan „Gül we Bilbil“ („Gul va bulbul“) sheʼri turkman adabiyotining eng sara namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi.{{clarify|date=November 2021}} Mollanepes sheʼriyati yorqin obrazlar, kuchli tasviriylik va boy til bilan ajralib turadi.&lt;ref&gt;''Mollanepes va XIX asr turkman hayoti: Xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari''. Mari, 8–10 aprel 2010. Turkmaniston Fanlar akademiyasi Qoʻlyozmalar milliy instituti. Mari, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asrning birinchi yarmi shoirlari — Seýdi, Zelili va Kemine ijodida ijtimoiy mavzular ustunlik qiladi. Shoir-jangchi Seýdi (1758–1830) [[Buxoro amirligi]]ga qarshi kurashgan va [[turkman qabilalari]]ni birlashib ozodlik uchun kurashishga chaqirgan. Zelili (1790–1844) [[Etrek tumani|Etrek]] turkmanlarining azob-uqubatlarini tasvirlab, ularni {{lang|tk|baýs}} (boylar), [[mulla]]lar, [[Xiva xonligi]] va [[Eron]] hukmdorlari tomonidan ezilganini koʻrsatadi. U hayotiy quvonchlarni madh etib, hukmron tabaqalarning poraxoʻrligi va shafqatsizligini fosh etgan. Xalq qoʻshiqchisi [[Mämmetweli Kemine]] (1840-yilda vafot etgan) erkin muhabbat, ona yurt mavzularida ijod qilgan hamda koʻplab kulgili qisqa hikoyalar va latifalar yaratgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mammetweli Kemine |url=http://gollanma.com/mammetweli-kemine.html |website=Gollanma|date=7 December 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asr oʻrtalarida Dosmämmet, Aşyky, Allazy, Zynhary, Ýusup Hoja, Baýly, Allaguly va Garaoglan kabi shoirlar keng tanilgan boʻlsa-da, ularning faqat ayrim sheʼrlari bizgacha yetib kelgan. 1860-yillarda Abdysetdar Kazy [[Teke (turkman qabilasi)|Teke turkmanlari]]ning eronliklarga qarshi janglari haqida mashhur tarixiy „Jeňnama“ dostonini yaratgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223335/http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-31|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Rossiya Turkistoni davridagi adabiyot ==
[[File:Siege of Geok Tepe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Goʻkdepe qamali]]
1880-yillarda [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi|Turkiston]] hududi [[Rossiya imperiyasi|ruslar]] tomonidan bosib olindi. Shoirlar Mätäji (1824–1884) va Misgin Gylyç (1845–1905) turkmanlarning soʻnggi tayanchi boʻlgan [[Go‘kdepe jangi|Goʻkdepe qal’asi]] himoyasini qahramonlik bilan tasvirladilar. Ular, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va ishqiy lirika ham yaratganlar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Annaguli Mataji |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/mataji.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asrda turkman tilidagi dastlabki bosma kitoblar paydo boʻldi. Inqilobdan oldingi Turkiston maktablarida sunʼiy „Markaziy Osiyo-chigʻatoy tili“ oʻqitilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati savodsiz edi. Zamonaviy turkman tili XX asr boshlarida, turkman tilining teke lahjasi asosida shakllana boshladi. 1913-yilda I. A. Belyaev muharrirligida birinchi ruscha-turkmancha lugʻat nashr etildi. 1915-yilda uning tahriri ostida ''Turkman tili grammatikasi'' ham chop etildi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Belyayev |first1=Ivan Aleksandrovich |title=The Grammar of the Turkmen Language |date=1915 |location=Russian State Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sovet taʼsiri ==
=== Oktyabr inqilobidan keyingi dastlabki yillar ===
XX asr boshlarida turkman adabiyotida yangi mavzular paydo boʻldi — musulmon [[ruhoniylar]]ining jaholatini tanqid qilish, eski turmush qoldiqlarini fosh etish, [[ma’rifatparvarlik falsafasi]] gʻoyalarini targʻib qilish. Bu mavzular Molla Durdi, Bechora Muhammad Qilich (1922-yilda vafot etgan) va boshqa yozuvchilar ijodida aks etgan. [[Sovet Turkmanistoni]] davrida turkman adabiyoti yangi mavzular bilan boyidi, ''shoirlar'' (''shahirlar'') hamda ilk sovet turkman yozuvchi va shoirlari ijodida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻldi. Bu jarayon [[jadidchilik]] mafkuraviy merosini yengib oʻtish va yangi sovet obrazlari, gʻoyalari hamda voqeliklarini anglash bilan kechdi.

[[Oktyabr inqilobi]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] va [[Iosif Stalin|Stalin]] hamda [[Qizil Armiya]] kurashi haqidagi ilk qoʻshiqlar Bayram va Kermolla tomonidan yaratilgan. Shoirlar Durdi Qilich (1886-yilda tugʻilgan) va Ota Solih (1908-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻz qoʻshiqlari mavzusini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdilar. Ular sotsialistik qurilish yutuqlari, jahon [[proletariat]]i gʻalabalari, [[stalinchilik]] konstitutsiyasi va [[SSSR xalqlari]] doʻstligi, kolxoz qurilishi, ozod qilingan ayollar, qahramon uchuvchilar, dushmanlarni yengish kabi mavzularda asarlar yaratdilar. Bu mavzular sovet davridagi koʻplab mashhur ''shahir''lar — Halla, Tore va Oʻroz Choʻloq ijodining asosini tashkil etdi. [[Sovet hukumati]] ularning koʻpchiligini orden va medallar bilan mukofotladi.&lt;ref&gt;''Katta Sovet Ensiklopediyasi''. 2-jild. 2-nashr. 1950. 344-bet&lt;/ref&gt;

XX asrda bir necha bor [[turkman alifbosi]]ni, avval [[arab yozuvi]] asosida boʻlgan tizimdan boshqa yozuvlarga oʻtkazish masalasi koʻtarildi. 1926-yilda [[Boku]]da oʻtkazilgan [[turkologlar]] qurultoyidan soʻng turkman yozuvi [[lotin alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi va 1940-yilgacha shu shaklda qoʻllanildi. Keyinchalik, [[SSSR]]dagi barcha turkiy respublikalarda boʻlgani kabi, yozuv ayrim qoʻshimcha harflar bilan [[kirill alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi. 1993-yilda Turkmaniston yana lotin yozuviga qaytdi, biroq mamlakat tashqarisidagi turkmanlar hanuz arab yozuvidan foydalanib kelmoqda.&lt;ref&gt;Soyegov, M. [http://www.akademikbakis.org/eskisite/35/22.pdf ''Yangi turkman alifbosi: uning ishlab chiqilishi va qabul qilinishi masalalari'']&lt;/ref&gt;

Birinchi sovet turkman shoiri Molla Murt (1879–1930) [[sotsialistik inqilob]]ning dastlabki kunlaridanoq oʻz sheʼrlarida [[sotsializm]]ni xalq uchun sodda va tushunarli tilda madh etgan. Birinchi sovet turkman nasrnavisi Ogʻaxon Durdiyev (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻzining „Orzular dengizida“, „Zarbdorlar toʻlqini“, „Meret“, „Gurban“, „Oltin burgut changalida goʻzal“ kabi asarlarida [[Qoraqum cho‘li]]dagi qurilishlar, Sharq ayollarini ozod qilish muammolari haqida yozgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Og‘axon Durdiyew |url=http://gollanma.com/agahan-durdyyew.html |website=Gollanma|date=8 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sotsialistik qurilish romantikasi boshqa turkman yozuvchilari ijodida ham oʻz aksini topdi. Jumladan, Durdi Agamammedov (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) „Sona kolxoz hayoti“, „Oktyabr oʻgʻli“ kabi asarlari bilan mashhur; Beki Seytakov (1914-yilda tugʻilgan) hazil-mutoyiba ruhidagi sheʼrlari, „Akjagul hikoyalari“, „Kommunar“ asarlari va „Olov ichida“ dostoni bilan tanilgan; [[Alty Garliyev]] „Paxta“, „Annagul“, „Ayna“ (1916) pyesalari muallifi; ilk turkman ayol dramaturg va shoir [[To‘vshan Esenova]] (1915-yilda tugʻilgan) esa „Millionerning qizi“ komediyasi hamda „Poʻlat qizlar“, „Lina“ sheʼrlari bilan mashhur.&lt;ref&gt;Sidelnikova L. M. ''Sovet shoirasi yoʻli''. Ashxobod, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Berdi Kerbabayev ===
[[File:Berdy Kerbabayev.jpg|thumb|right|Sovet turkman yozuvchisi [[Berdi Kerbabayev]]]]
Sovet turkman yozuvchilari orasida eng yirik shaxslardan biri — Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi, [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] Berdi Kerbabayev (1894-yilda tugʻilgan) hisoblanadi. U 1920-yillarda satirik shoir sifatida ijodini boshlagan. „Qizlar olami“ (1927) va „Mustahkamlangan, yoki Odat qurboni“ (1928) sheʼrlarida u sovet axloqiy meʼyorlarini oʻrnatish va eski urf-odat qoldiqlaridan xalos boʻlish gʻoyalarini ilgari surgan. Birinchi turkman inqilobiy tarixiy romani — ''Hal qiluvchi qadam'' (1947) uchun u 1948-yilda SSSR Davlat mukofoti laureati unvoniga sazovor boʻlgan.

[[Ulug‘ Vatan urushi]] yillarida „Gurban Durdy“ (1942) hikoyasi, „Oylar“ (1943) dostoni hamda ''Birodarlar'' (1943) va ''Mahtumquli'' (1943) pyesalari yozilgan. 1942–1950-yillarda u Turkmaniston Yozuvchilar uyushmasi raisi boʻlgan. Urushdan keyin Kerbabayevning kolxoz qishlogʻi hayotiga bagʻishlangan asarlari chop etildi: „Oq oltin yurti Aysoʻltan“ (1949, 1951-yil SSSR Davlat mukofoti), neftchilar hayotiga oid ''Nebit-Dag'' (1957) romani hamda turkman inqilobchisi K. Atabayev haqida ''Moʻjizaviy tugʻilish'' (1965) tarixiy romani shular jumlasidandir. Kerbabayev shuningdek rus va sovet shoirlari hamda yozuvchilarining asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilish bilan ham shugʻullangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1108262344|title=Kerbabayev Berdi Muradovich (rus tilida)|publisher=ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=A. Kerbabayeva|url=http://www.velykoross.ru/journals_pdfs/0/7.pdf|title=Hayot — uy kabi: uning poydevori chuqur va mustahkam bo‘lishi kerak! (rus tilida)|publisher=Великороссъ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SSSR davrida ijodi keng ochilgan koʻplab shoir va yozuvchilar ham mavjud edi: Kemal Ishanov, Saryhanov, Ata Govshudov,&lt;ref&gt;A. Aborskiy, Ata Govshudov. ''Hayoti va ijodi haqida ocherk'' (rus tilida), Ashxobod, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt; Meret Qilichov, Pomma-Nur Berdiev, Chari Guliyev, Monton Janmyradov, Ahmet Ahundov-Gurgenli, Seyidov, Hemrayev va boshqalar. Umuman olganda, 1920–1990-yillar turkman adabiyoti sovet madaniyati doirasida rivojlanib, turkman xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan [[sotsialistik realizm]] obrazlarini oʻzlashtirdi.

Sovet davrining muhim yutuqlaridan biri — sovet tarixchilari va tilshunoslari olib borgan katta ilmiy tadqiqotlar boʻlib, ular XV–XVI asrlarga oid eng qadimgi turkman adabiy manbalarini aniqlagan va oʻrgangan.

== Mustaqillikdan keyin ==
1990-yillarda Turkmaniston mustaqilligi eʼlon qilingach, turkman adabiyoti yangi yoʻnalishlarni aks ettira boshladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuwakow |first1=M |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining asosiy muammolari (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Magtymguly nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti |location=Ashxobod |pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biroq zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining hozirgi holatini va rivojlanish yoʻllarini toʻliq yoritish hamda bugungi shoir va yozuvchilar ijodi haqida umumiy xulosa berish murakkab. Har bir ijodkor voqelikni oʻzicha idrok etadi, oʻz mavzusi va uslubiga ega.

Agageldi Allanazarovning ''Muhr'' romani qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, turkman xalqining anʼanalari va axloqiy asoslarini yoritadi.&lt;ref&gt;Allanazarow A. ''Muhr''. Ashxobod, 2007. 1–192-betlar.&lt;/ref&gt; Hudayberdi Diwanguliyevning ''Yekagachga qaytish'' asari esa qahramonlarning murakkab vaziyatlarda bilim va tajribasi orqali sharaf bilan chiqib ketishini tasvirlaydi. Asar optimistik ruhda boʻlib, ilmiy bilimlar orqali dunyoni anglash va jamiyatni birlashtirish gʻoyasini ilgari suradi.

Komek Guliyev ijodiga mansub „Har bir ertakning oʻz yakuni bor“ hikoyasi yumshoq hazil, inson psixologiyasini chuqur bilish va qahramonlar xarakterini toʻliq ochib berish uslubi bilan ajralib turadi.

Atamyrat Atabayev sheʼrlari va ruboiylari mamlakat kelajagiga nisbatan chuqur tashvish va mehr bilan yoʻgʻrilgan boʻlib, yangi mustaqil va betaraf Turkmaniston sharoitida insonlar oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar haqida falsafiy mulohazalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ularda vatanga muhabbat, tarixga hurmat va ajdodlar jasoratiga ehtirom yaqqol seziladi.

Bugungi kunda Orazguly Annayev, Gurbanyaz Dashgynov, Gurbannazar Orazgulyyev kabi koʻplab zamonaviy shoir va yozuvchilar mavjud boʻlib, ularning ijodi nafaqat Turkmanistonda, balki [[post-sovet davlatlari]]da ham mashhurdir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agaliyev |first1=K |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti haqida |url=http://www.sibogni.ru/content/o-sovremennoy-turkmenskoy-literature |website=Siberian Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Turkman xalqi]]
* [[Turkman tili]]
* [[Turkman madaniyati]]
* [[Mahtumquli Pyragy]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* {{Cite web |title=TURKMAN ADABIYOTI |url=https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/TURKMENSKAYA_LITERATURA.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.krugosvet.ru |language=ru}}
* {{Cite web |title=XX asr turkman adabiyoti tarixi |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/118/read |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.kitaphana.net}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heownQAACAAJ |title=Turkman sovet adabiyoti tarixi ocherki |date=1980 |publisher=Nauka |language=ru}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skosirev |first=Petr Georgievich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCZWzQEACAAJ |title=Turkman adabiyoti: rivojlanish ocherki |date=1945 |publisher=Sovet yozuvchisi |language=ru}}


[[Category:Turkman tili]]
[[Category:Turkman xalq madaniyati]]</text>
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      <text bytes="27665" sha1="erx9kfolp8mcinprsj60uhqc05oxrj0" xml:space="preserve">'''Turkman adabiyoti''' ({{langx|tk|Türkmen edebiýaty}}) ogʻzaki ijod namunalarini va qadimgi [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz turkiy tillari]] hamda [[turkman tili]]da yozilgan matnlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Turkman xalqi(Turkmanlar) — [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning bevosita avlodlari boʻlib, ular gʻarbiy [[turkiy xalqlar]]dan biri hisoblanadi va [[turkiy tillar|turkiy tillar oilasi]]ning [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz tarmogʻi]]ni shakllantirgan.

Umumiy turkiy adabiyot tarixi qariyb 1300 yilni oʻz ichiga oladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVb%20silk%20road_oral%20tradition%20and%20the%20literary%20heritage.pdfwebsite=https://en.unesco.org/|title=Ipak yo‘llari dasturi|access-date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eng qadimgi yozma [[turkiy tillar|turkiy]] yodgorliklar [[run yozuvi]]dagi bitiklarda uchraydi, ulardan eng mashhurlari VII asrga oid [[Orxon yozuvi|Orxon bitiklari]]dir. Keyinchalik, IX–XI asrlar oraligʻida Markaziy Osiyodagi [[ko‘chmanchi]] [[turkiy xalqlar]] orasida [[og‘zaki adabiyot|ogʻzaki]] [[epik she’riyat]] anʼanalari shakllandi. Bular qatoriga [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning (zamonaviy [[turk xalqi|turklar]], [[turkman xalqi|turkmanlar]] va [[ozarbayjon xalqi|ozarbayjonlar]]ning til va madaniy ajdodlari) ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' hamda [[qirg‘iz xalqi]]ning ''[[Manas dostoni]]'' kiradi.

[[Manzikert jangi]]dan soʻng, oʻgʻuz turklari XI asrdan boshlab [[Anadolu]] hududiga joylashdilar. Ularning avvalgi ogʻzaki anʼanalari bilan bir qatorda, arab va [[fors adabiyoti]] taʼsiri ostida yozma adabiy anʼana ham shakllandi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Babyr |title=Devon |date=2004 |publisher=Miras |location=Ashgabat |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Turkman adabiyotining dastlabki rivoji oʻgʻuz turklari adabiyoti bilan chambarchas bogʻliq.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johanson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Johanson |first=L. |editor-first1=Keith |editor-last1=Brown |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last2=Ogilvie|title=Jahon tillari qisqacha ensiklopediyasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA111|pages=110–113 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|date=6 April 2010|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Turkmanlar oʻgʻuz turkiy kelib chiqishga ega boshqa xalqlar, ayniqsa [[Ozarbayjon]] va [[Turkiya]] bilan birgalikda qadimgi oʻgʻuz va [[fors tili]]da (XI–XII asrlarda [[Saljuqiylar]] tomonidan) yozilgan bir qator adabiy asarlarga umumiy daʼvogarlik qiladilar. Bu asarlar qatoriga ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'', ''[[Ko‘ro‘g‘li dostoni]]'', „[[Layli va Majnun]]“ va „[[Yusuf va Zulayho]]“ kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |pages=29, 39, 198, 231}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shunga qaramay, zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti XVIII asrda [[she’riyat]] va [[Magtymguly Pyragy]] ijodi bilan boshlangan degan umumiy fikr mavjud. U turkman adabiyotining otasi hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkmaniston madaniyati |url=https://asian-recipe.com/turkmenistan-culture-3481 |website=Asian recipe|date=9 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shu davrning boshqa mashhur turkman shoirlari qatoriga [[Döwletmämmet Azady]] (Magtymgulining otasi), Nurmuhammet Andalyp, Abdylla Şabende, Şeýdaýy, Mahmyt Gaýyby va Gurbanally Magrupy kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurmuhammet Andalyp |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/andalyp.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarix ==
[[File:Kitab-ı Dede Korkut ala-lisan-i Ta'ife-i Oğuzhan, Dresden.jpg|thumb|right|120px|&quot;Dada Qoʻrqut kitobi&quot;ning Drezden qoʻlyozmasi]]
Turkman adabiyoti barcha turkiy xalqlar uchun umumiy boʻlgan eng qadimgi turkiy adabiyot bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Turk sheʼriyatining eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan baʼzilari milodiy VI asrga borib taqaladi va ular [[uyg‘ur tili]]da yaratilgan. [[Uyg‘ur turkiy tili]] yozuvchilariga mansub ayrim dastlabki sheʼrlar faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimalar orqali saqlanib qolgan. [[Og‘zaki she’riyat]] davrida ilk turkiy sheʼrlar qoʻshiq sifatida yaratilgan boʻlib, ularni ijro etish jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayoti va koʻngilochar faoliyatining muhim qismi boʻlgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talat |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uzun epik asarlar ichida faqat [[O‘g‘uznoma]] toʻliq holda saqlanib qolgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' oʻz ildizlarini X asr sheʼriyatidan olgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u XV asrgacha ogʻzaki anʼana sifatida mavjud boʻlgan. Dastlabki yozma asarlar — ''[[Qutadg‘u bilig]]'' va ''[[Devonu lug‘otit turk]]'' — XI asrning ikkinchi yarmiga mansub boʻlib, turkiy adabiyotning eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan hisoblanadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;A Millenium of Turkish Literature&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |page=viii}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oʻgʻuz turkiy ([[Turkoman (etnonim)|turkman]]) adabiyotining eng muhim namoyandalaridan biri XIII asr [[sufiylik|sufiy]] shoiri [[Yunus Emre]] hisoblanadi. Turkman adabiyotining „oltin davri“ X asrdan XVII asrgacha davom etgan deb hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining shakllanishi ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1989 CPA 6091 stamp (Koroghlu, Azerbaijan epic poem. A. Gadzhiev).jpg|thumb|left|175px|A. Hajiyev tomonidan tasvirlangan Goʻroʻgʻli]]
Yozma adabiyotda zamonaviy turkman tiliga yaqin shaklning ilk qoʻllanishi XV–XVI asrlarga toʻgʻri keladi. Zamonaviy turkman tiliga xos unsurlar umumiy turkiy adabiyotdagi [[chig‘atoy tili]]da yozilgan asarlarda ham uchraydi. Chigʻatoy tilining turkman adabiyotiga taʼsiri keyingi davrlarda ham sezilarli boʻlib qolgan. Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining eng qadimgi namunalariga [[Xuroson viloyati|Xuroson]] turkmanlaridan boʻlgan Vafayi tomonidan yozilgan diniy-axloqiy asar ''Islom nuri'' ({{lang|tk|Rownak-ul-Islam}}, 1464), XVI asrga oid [[Bairam Khan]] sheʼrlari hamda [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]]ning ''[[Turkmanlar nasabnomasi]]'' (XVII asr) kiradi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Milliy taqvim (turkman tilida) |url=http://www.turkmensahra.org/turkmen/arhiw/akmyrad/kronology.php |website=Turkmen Sahra}}&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asrda qayd etilgan anonim romanlar — {{lang|tk|[[Asli va Kerem|Asly Kerem]]}}, {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}}, {{lang|tk|[[Go‘ro‘g‘li dostoni|Görogly]]}}, {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}}, {{lang|tk|Ibrahim}}, {{lang|tk|Edehem}}, {{lang|tk|Zeýnal-Arap}}, {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}} va boshqalar — tili va mazmuni tahliliga koʻra, aslida XV–XVII asrlarda yaratilgan. Ular Sharqda keng tarqalgan „sayyor syujetlar“ asosida tuzilgan boʻlib, sevgi gʻalabasi, qahramonlarning jasorati va mardligini madh etadi. Qahramonlar toʻsiqlarni yengib, yovuz kuchlarga qarshi kurashadi; bu kuchlar koʻpincha [[dev (mifologiya)|devlar]], [[jin]]lar, [[pari]]lar kabi fantastik mavjudotlar orqali ifodalanadi. Ushbu mavjudotlar {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Saýatly Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Görogly}} va {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}} kabi asarlarda qahramonlarga murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda yordam beradi. {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}} va boshqa asarlar esa [[Islom]] vakillari, xususan [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]] va uning izdoshlarining „[ [kofirlar]] ]“ga qarshi kurashini tasvirlaydi. Ushbu romanlarning badiiy shakliga xos jihat — [[nasr]] va sheʼriy parchalar almashinib kelishidir.&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, pp. 163-170&lt;/ref&gt;

Saqlanib qolgan turkman [[folklor]]i — [[ertak]]lar, [[qo‘shiq]]lar, [[latifa]]lar, [[maqol]]lar, [[matallar]], [[tez aytish]]lar va boshqalar — nafaqat aslzoda qahramonlarni, balki oddiy xalq vakillarini ham oʻz ichiga oladi: {{lang|tk|Aldar Köse}}, {{lang|tk|Kelje}}, {{lang|tk|Dälije}}, {{lang|tk|Aklamyh gyzlary}}, {{lang|tk|Gara atly gyz}} va boshqalar. Ular mehnatsevarlik, chaqqonlik, topqirlik va jasorat tufayli murakkab vaziyatlarda gʻalaba qozonadi. Turkmanistonda adabiy jarayonning ajralmas qismi doimo xalq orasidan chiqqan badihagoʻy shoir — ''shahir'' (''şahyr'') boʻlib kelgan; ular odatda savodsiz boʻlishgan.&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, p. 164&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ertegi.ru/index.php?id=11|title=Qozog‘iston xalq ertaklari &amp;#124; Aldar Ko‘se haqidagi ertaklar|website=www.ertegi.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mahtumquli Pyragy ===
{{Main|Magtymguly Pyragy}}
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Mahtumquli Pyragy]] — keng bilimga ega shoir va faylasuf, Azadyning oʻgʻli boʻlib, turkman adabiyotida tub burilish yasagan shaxs hisoblanadi. U adabiy asarlar mavzusini kengaytirib, milliy til va butun xalq muammolariga murojaat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilar uning qariyb 800 ga yaqin sheʼr yozganini taʼkidlaydilar, biroq ularning bir qismi soxta (apokrif) boʻlishi mumkin. Asarlarining katta qismi ''goshgy'' (xalq qoʻshiqlari) shaklida yozilgan, ayrimlari esa shaxsiy ''gʻazal'' tarzida boʻlib, ularda soʻfiylik unsurlari ham mavjud. XIX asrda Mahtumquli sheʼrlari yozma shaklda emas, balki ogʻzaki tarzda Markaziy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalib, [[qoraqalpoq xalqi|qoraqalpoqlar]], [[tojik xalqi|tojiklar]] va [[kurd xalqi|kurdlar]] orasida ham mashhurlikka erishgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkman adabiyoti |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Turkmen-literature |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uning 300 dan ortiq saqlanib qolgan sheʼrlarida oʻz davrida maʼlum boʻlgan deyarli barcha mamlakatlar, fanlar va adabiy manbalarga murojaatlar uchraydi. U urugʻ va qabila chegaralaridan chiqib, butun turkman xalqining birlashuv orzusini ifoda etgan. U [[xalq tili]]dan foydalangan boʻlib, uning koʻplab misralari xalq maqollari va matallariga aylangan. Davr ziddiyatlarini ochiq ifodalashi, chuqur samimiyligi va yuqori badiiy saviyasi uning asarlarini boshqa shoirlar uchun namuna qilib qoʻydi hamda keyingi avlod adiblari tomonidan keng taqlid qilindi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Mahtumqulining toʻplangan asarlari koʻplab turkmanlar tomonidan turkman adabiyotining eng yuksak choʻqqisi sifatida baholanadi. Uning sheʼrlari turkman tilida soʻzlashuvchi hududlardagi koʻplab oilalarda uchraydi, yod olinadi va kundalik nutqda maqol va hikmat sifatida qoʻllanadi. Uning hayoti va ijodi koʻplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va talqinlar mavzusiga aylangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ashyrov |first1=Annagurban |title=Magtymguly qo‘lyozmalarining tahlili (turkman tilida) |date=2014 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat nashriyot xizmati |location=Ashxobod |pages=9–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Quyida Mahtumqulining {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (''Ayrildim'') sheʼridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

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&lt;poem&gt;
Aýryldym gunça gülümden.
Syýa saçly sünbülimden,
Hoş owazly bilbilimden,
Şirin güftardan aýryldym.

Illeri bar diňli-diňli,
Sowuk suwly, ter öleňli,
Ili — gökleň, ady — Meňli,
Näzli dildardan aýryldym.

Magtymguly, aşyk mestan,
Bagladym şanyna destan,
Menzilgähi bagy-bostan.
Almaly nardan aýryldym.&lt;/poem&gt;

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&lt;poem&gt;
Men oʻz gʻunchagulimdan ayrildim,
Qora sochli goʻzalimdan,
Yoqqimli ovozli bulbulimdan,
Shirin soʻzli yorimdan ayrildim.

Uning yurtlari minorali,
Sovuq suvli, yam-yashil yaylovli,
Eli — Goʻklen, nomi — Meňli,
Nozik dilbarimdan ayrildim.

Mahtumquli, ishq masti,
Senga bagʻishlab doston bitdim,
Uning maskani bogʻu boʻston,
Olmali-anorli diyordan ayrildim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aýryldym |url=https://www.turkmenkultur.de/ayryldym/ |website=Türkmen kultur ojagynyň internet sahypasy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;
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=== Şeýdaýy, Magrupy va boshqalar ===
XVIII asr oxirida, [[chig‘atoy tili]] taʼsiri saqlanib qolgan holda, yozma turkman tili bilan soʻzlashuv tilining yaqinlashuvi boshlandi. XVIII asr oxiri — XIX asr boshlaridagi ijodiy sheʼriyat Şeýdaýy ({{lang|tk|Gül we Senuwer}} nomli [[fantastik roman]] va [[lirik she’rlar]] muallifi) hamda 400 ta sheʼr toʻplami bilan tanilgan Gaýyby kabi ijodkorlar nomi bilan bogʻliq. Yozuvchi Magrupy esa qahramonlik ruhidagi {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} romani va „Seýfel Melek“ muhabbat qissasining muallifi hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Quyida Magrupyning {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} asaridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

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&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet beg diýer, meni göze almadyň,
Öwüt edip, belli jogap bermediň,
Özüň bildiň meni adam bilmediň,
Ak patany bergin, Ýusup soltanym

Ýusup beg diýer, bildim, arslan ekeniň,
Jahany titreden pälwan ekeniň,
Boýny ýogyn, gödek oglan ekeniň,
Barabarda ýörgün, Ahmet mürzeýim!
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet bek deydi: meni tushunmading,
Nasihat berding, ammo aniq javob bermading,
Oʻzingni oʻylab, meni inson oʻrnida koʻrmading,
Oq fotiha ber, ey sultonim Yusuf.

Yusuf bek deydi: bildim, sen arslonsan,
Jahonni larzaga keltiruvchi pahlavonsan,
Baquvvat, qoʻrqmas yigitsan,
Toʻgʻri yoʻlda yur, ey shahzoda Ahmet!
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}

=== XIX asr boshlarida ===

[[File:TM-2003-1000manat-Mollanepes-b.png|thumb|175px|Shoir [[Mollanepes]] Turkmanistonning [[yodgorlik tangasi]]da]]
XIX asr boshlarida turkman tilida ijod qilgan koʻplab shoir va nasrnavislarning paydo boʻlishi bilan ajralib turadi. Ular qatoriga lirik sheʼrlar hamda [[ilmiy fantastika]] ruhidagi asarlar muallifi Şabende, shuningdek Şabehrem, Hojaýy Berdi Han va Nejep Oglan kiradi. Ular dushmanlarga qarshi kurashda jasorat, fidoyilik va qahramonlikni madh etgan. Shoir [[Mollanepes]] {{lang|tk|Zöhre we Tahyr}} romanining muallifi boʻlib, unda [[shoh]]lar va [[saroy amaldorlari]]ning xiyonati fosh etiladi, haqiqat va muhabbatning gʻalabasi ulugʻlanadi. Şabende tomonidan yozilgan „Gül we Bilbil“ („Gul va bulbul“) sheʼri turkman adabiyotining eng sara namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi.{{clarify|date=November 2021}} Mollanepes sheʼriyati yorqin obrazlar, kuchli tasviriylik va boy til bilan ajralib turadi.&lt;ref&gt;''Mollanepes va XIX asr turkman hayoti: Xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari''. Mari, 8–10 aprel 2010. Turkmaniston Fanlar akademiyasi Qoʻlyozmalar milliy instituti. Mari, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asrning birinchi yarmi shoirlari — Seýdi, Zelili va Kemine ijodida ijtimoiy mavzular ustunlik qiladi. Shoir-jangchi Seýdi (1758–1830) [[Buxoro amirligi]]ga qarshi kurashgan va [[turkman qabilalari]]ni birlashib ozodlik uchun kurashishga chaqirgan. Zelili (1790–1844) [[Etrek tumani|Etrek]] turkmanlarining azob-uqubatlarini tasvirlab, ularni {{lang|tk|baýs}} (boylar), [[mulla]]lar, [[Xiva xonligi]] va [[Eron]] hukmdorlari tomonidan ezilganini koʻrsatadi. U hayotiy quvonchlarni madh etib, hukmron tabaqalarning poraxoʻrligi va shafqatsizligini fosh etgan. Xalq qoʻshiqchisi [[Mämmetweli Kemine]] (1840-yilda vafot etgan) erkin muhabbat, ona yurt mavzularida ijod qilgan hamda koʻplab kulgili qisqa hikoyalar va latifalar yaratgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mammetweli Kemine |url=http://gollanma.com/mammetweli-kemine.html |website=Gollanma|date=7 December 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asr oʻrtalarida Dosmämmet, Aşyky, Allazy, Zynhary, Ýusup Hoja, Baýly, Allaguly va Garaoglan kabi shoirlar keng tanilgan boʻlsa-da, ularning faqat ayrim sheʼrlari bizgacha yetib kelgan. 1860-yillarda Abdysetdar Kazy [[Teke (turkman qabilasi)|Teke turkmanlari]]ning eronliklarga qarshi janglari haqida mashhur tarixiy „Jeňnama“ dostonini yaratgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223335/http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-31|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Rossiya Turkistoni davridagi adabiyot ==
[[File:Siege of Geok Tepe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Goʻkdepe qamali]]
1880-yillarda [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi|Turkiston]] hududi [[Rossiya imperiyasi|ruslar]] tomonidan bosib olindi. Shoirlar Mätäji (1824–1884) va Misgin Gylyç (1845–1905) turkmanlarning soʻnggi tayanchi boʻlgan [[Go‘kdepe jangi|Goʻkdepe qal’asi]] himoyasini qahramonlik bilan tasvirladilar. Ular, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va ishqiy lirika ham yaratganlar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Annaguli Mataji |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/mataji.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;

XIX asrda turkman tilidagi dastlabki bosma kitoblar paydo boʻldi. Inqilobdan oldingi Turkiston maktablarida sunʼiy „Markaziy Osiyo-chigʻatoy tili“ oʻqitilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati savodsiz edi. Zamonaviy turkman tili XX asr boshlarida, turkman tilining teke lahjasi asosida shakllana boshladi. 1913-yilda I. A. Belyaev muharrirligida birinchi ruscha-turkmancha lugʻat nashr etildi. 1915-yilda uning tahriri ostida ''Turkman tili grammatikasi'' ham chop etildi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Belyayev |first1=Ivan Aleksandrovich |title=The Grammar of the Turkmen Language |date=1915 |location=Russian State Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sovet taʼsiri ==
=== Oktyabr inqilobidan keyingi dastlabki yillar ===
XX asr boshlarida turkman adabiyotida yangi mavzular paydo boʻldi — musulmon [[ruhoniylar]]ining jaholatini tanqid qilish, eski turmush qoldiqlarini fosh etish, [[ma’rifatparvarlik falsafasi]] gʻoyalarini targʻib qilish. Bu mavzular Molla Durdi, Bechora Muhammad Qilich (1922-yilda vafot etgan) va boshqa yozuvchilar ijodida aks etgan. [[Sovet Turkmanistoni]] davrida turkman adabiyoti yangi mavzular bilan boyidi, ''shoirlar'' (''shahirlar'') hamda ilk sovet turkman yozuvchi va shoirlari ijodida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻldi. Bu jarayon [[jadidchilik]] mafkuraviy merosini yengib oʻtish va yangi sovet obrazlari, gʻoyalari hamda voqeliklarini anglash bilan kechdi.

[[Oktyabr inqilobi]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] va [[Iosif Stalin|Stalin]] hamda [[Qizil Armiya]] kurashi haqidagi ilk qoʻshiqlar Bayram va Kermolla tomonidan yaratilgan. Shoirlar Durdi Qilich (1886-yilda tugʻilgan) va Ota Solih (1908-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻz qoʻshiqlari mavzusini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdilar. Ular sotsialistik qurilish yutuqlari, jahon [[proletariat]]i gʻalabalari, [[stalinchilik]] konstitutsiyasi va [[SSSR xalqlari]] doʻstligi, kolxoz qurilishi, ozod qilingan ayollar, qahramon uchuvchilar, dushmanlarni yengish kabi mavzularda asarlar yaratdilar. Bu mavzular sovet davridagi koʻplab mashhur ''shahir''lar — Halla, Tore va Oʻroz Choʻloq ijodining asosini tashkil etdi. [[Sovet hukumati]] ularning koʻpchiligini orden va medallar bilan mukofotladi.&lt;ref&gt;''Katta Sovet Ensiklopediyasi''. 2-jild. 2-nashr. 1950. 344-bet&lt;/ref&gt;

XX asrda bir necha bor [[turkman alifbosi]]ni, avval [[arab yozuvi]] asosida boʻlgan tizimdan boshqa yozuvlarga oʻtkazish masalasi koʻtarildi. 1926-yilda [[Boku]]da oʻtkazilgan [[turkologlar]] qurultoyidan soʻng turkman yozuvi [[lotin alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi va 1940-yilgacha shu shaklda qoʻllanildi. Keyinchalik, [[SSSR]]dagi barcha turkiy respublikalarda boʻlgani kabi, yozuv ayrim qoʻshimcha harflar bilan [[kirill alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi. 1993-yilda Turkmaniston yana lotin yozuviga qaytdi, biroq mamlakat tashqarisidagi turkmanlar hanuz arab yozuvidan foydalanib kelmoqda.&lt;ref&gt;Soyegov, M. [http://www.akademikbakis.org/eskisite/35/22.pdf ''Yangi turkman alifbosi: uning ishlab chiqilishi va qabul qilinishi masalalari'']&lt;/ref&gt;

Birinchi sovet turkman shoiri Molla Murt (1879–1930) [[sotsialistik inqilob]]ning dastlabki kunlaridanoq oʻz sheʼrlarida [[sotsializm]]ni xalq uchun sodda va tushunarli tilda madh etgan. Birinchi sovet turkman nasrnavisi Ogʻaxon Durdiyev (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻzining „Orzular dengizida“, „Zarbdorlar toʻlqini“, „Meret“, „Gurban“, „Oltin burgut changalida goʻzal“ kabi asarlarida [[Qoraqum cho‘li]]dagi qurilishlar, Sharq ayollarini ozod qilish muammolari haqida yozgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Og‘axon Durdiyew |url=http://gollanma.com/agahan-durdyyew.html |website=Gollanma|date=8 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sotsialistik qurilish romantikasi boshqa turkman yozuvchilari ijodida ham oʻz aksini topdi. Jumladan, Durdi Agamammedov (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) „Sona kolxoz hayoti“, „Oktyabr oʻgʻli“ kabi asarlari bilan mashhur; Beki Seytakov (1914-yilda tugʻilgan) hazil-mutoyiba ruhidagi sheʼrlari, „Akjagul hikoyalari“, „Kommunar“ asarlari va „Olov ichida“ dostoni bilan tanilgan; [[Alty Garliyev]] „Paxta“, „Annagul“, „Ayna“ (1916) pyesalari muallifi; ilk turkman ayol dramaturg va shoir [[To‘vshan Esenova]] (1915-yilda tugʻilgan) esa „Millionerning qizi“ komediyasi hamda „Poʻlat qizlar“, „Lina“ sheʼrlari bilan mashhur.&lt;ref&gt;Sidelnikova L. M. ''Sovet shoirasi yoʻli''. Ashxobod, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Berdi Kerbabayev ===
[[File:Berdy Kerbabayev.jpg|thumb|right|Sovet turkman yozuvchisi [[Berdi Kerbabayev]]]]
Sovet turkman yozuvchilari orasida eng yirik shaxslardan biri — Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi, [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] Berdi Kerbabayev (1894-yilda tugʻilgan) hisoblanadi. U 1920-yillarda satirik shoir sifatida ijodini boshlagan. „Qizlar olami“ (1927) va „Mustahkamlangan, yoki Odat qurboni“ (1928) sheʼrlarida u sovet axloqiy meʼyorlarini oʻrnatish va eski urf-odat qoldiqlaridan xalos boʻlish gʻoyalarini ilgari surgan. Birinchi turkman inqilobiy tarixiy romani — ''Hal qiluvchi qadam'' (1947) uchun u 1948-yilda SSSR Davlat mukofoti laureati unvoniga sazovor boʻlgan.

[[Ulug‘ Vatan urushi]] yillarida „Gurban Durdy“ (1942) hikoyasi, „Oylar“ (1943) dostoni hamda ''Birodarlar'' (1943) va ''Mahtumquli'' (1943) pyesalari yozilgan. 1942–1950-yillarda u Turkmaniston Yozuvchilar uyushmasi raisi boʻlgan. Urushdan keyin Kerbabayevning kolxoz qishlogʻi hayotiga bagʻishlangan asarlari chop etildi: „Oq oltin yurti Aysoʻltan“ (1949, 1951-yil SSSR Davlat mukofoti), neftchilar hayotiga oid ''Nebit-Dag'' (1957) romani hamda turkman inqilobchisi K. Atabayev haqida ''Moʻjizaviy tugʻilish'' (1965) tarixiy romani shular jumlasidandir. Kerbabayev shuningdek rus va sovet shoirlari hamda yozuvchilarining asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilish bilan ham shugʻullangan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1108262344|title=Kerbabayev Berdi Muradovich (rus tilida)|publisher=ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=A. Kerbabayeva|url=http://www.velykoross.ru/journals_pdfs/0/7.pdf|title=Hayot — uy kabi: uning poydevori chuqur va mustahkam bo‘lishi kerak! (rus tilida)|publisher=Великороссъ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SSSR davrida ijodi keng ochilgan koʻplab shoir va yozuvchilar ham mavjud edi: Kemal Ishanov, Saryhanov, Ata Govshudov,&lt;ref&gt;A. Aborskiy, Ata Govshudov. ''Hayoti va ijodi haqida ocherk'' (rus tilida), Ashxobod, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt; Meret Qilichov, Pomma-Nur Berdiev, Chari Guliyev, Monton Janmyradov, Ahmet Ahundov-Gurgenli, Seyidov, Hemrayev va boshqalar. Umuman olganda, 1920–1990-yillar turkman adabiyoti sovet madaniyati doirasida rivojlanib, turkman xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan [[sotsialistik realizm]] obrazlarini oʻzlashtirdi.

Sovet davrining muhim yutuqlaridan biri — sovet tarixchilari va tilshunoslari olib borgan katta ilmiy tadqiqotlar boʻlib, ular XV–XVI asrlarga oid eng qadimgi turkman adabiy manbalarini aniqlagan va oʻrgangan.

== Mustaqillikdan keyin ==
1990-yillarda Turkmaniston mustaqilligi eʼlon qilingach, turkman adabiyoti yangi yoʻnalishlarni aks ettira boshladi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuwakow |first1=M |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining asosiy muammolari (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Magtymguly nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti |location=Ashxobod |pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biroq zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining hozirgi holatini va rivojlanish yoʻllarini toʻliq yoritish hamda bugungi shoir va yozuvchilar ijodi haqida umumiy xulosa berish murakkab. Har bir ijodkor voqelikni oʻzicha idrok etadi, oʻz mavzusi va uslubiga ega.

Agageldi Allanazarovning ''Muhr'' romani qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, turkman xalqining anʼanalari va axloqiy asoslarini yoritadi.&lt;ref&gt;Allanazarow A. ''Muhr''. Ashxobod, 2007. 1–192-betlar.&lt;/ref&gt; Hudayberdi Diwanguliyevning ''Yekagachga qaytish'' asari esa qahramonlarning murakkab vaziyatlarda bilim va tajribasi orqali sharaf bilan chiqib ketishini tasvirlaydi. Asar optimistik ruhda boʻlib, ilmiy bilimlar orqali dunyoni anglash va jamiyatni birlashtirish gʻoyasini ilgari suradi.

Komek Guliyev ijodiga mansub „Har bir ertakning oʻz yakuni bor“ hikoyasi yumshoq hazil, inson psixologiyasini chuqur bilish va qahramonlar xarakterini toʻliq ochib berish uslubi bilan ajralib turadi.

Atamyrat Atabayev sheʼrlari va ruboiylari mamlakat kelajagiga nisbatan chuqur tashvish va mehr bilan yoʻgʻrilgan boʻlib, yangi mustaqil va betaraf Turkmaniston sharoitida insonlar oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar haqida falsafiy mulohazalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ularda vatanga muhabbat, tarixga hurmat va ajdodlar jasoratiga ehtirom yaqqol seziladi.

Bugungi kunda Orazguly Annayev, Gurbanyaz Dashgynov, Gurbannazar Orazgulyyev kabi koʻplab zamonaviy shoir va yozuvchilar mavjud boʻlib, ularning ijodi nafaqat Turkmanistonda, balki [[post-sovet davlatlari]]da ham mashhurdir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agaliyev |first1=K |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti haqida |url=http://www.sibogni.ru/content/o-sovremennoy-turkmenskoy-literature |website=Siberian Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Turkman xalqi]]
* [[Turkman tili]]
* [[Turkman madaniyati]]
* [[Mahtumquli Pyragy]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* {{Cite web |title=TURKMAN ADABIYOTI |url=https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/TURKMENSKAYA_LITERATURA.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.krugosvet.ru |language=ru}}
* {{Cite web |title=XX asr turkman adabiyoti tarixi |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/118/read |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.kitaphana.net}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heownQAACAAJ |title=Turkman sovet adabiyoti tarixi ocherki |date=1980 |publisher=Nauka |language=ru}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skosirev |first=Petr Georgievich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCZWzQEACAAJ |title=Turkman adabiyoti: rivojlanish ocherki |date=1945 |publisher=Sovet yozuvchisi |language=ru}}


[[Category:Turkman tili]]
[[Category:Turkman xalq madaniyati]]</text>
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      <text bytes="27595" sha1="j6xrawol7pbnri0io7qwho6umyqmf9z" xml:space="preserve">'''Turkman adabiyoti''' ({{langx|tk|Türkmen edebiýaty}}) ogʻzaki ijod namunalarini va qadimgi [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz turkiy tillari]] hamda [[turkman tili]]da yozilgan matnlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Turkman xalqi(Turkmanlar) — [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning bevosita avlodlari boʻlib, ular gʻarbiy [[turkiy xalqlar]]dan biri hisoblanadi va [[turkiy tillar|turkiy tillar oilasi]]ning [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz tarmogʻi]]ni shakllantirgan.

Umumiy turkiy adabiyot tarixi qariyb 1300 yilni oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVb%20silk%20road_oral%20tradition%20and%20the%20literary%20heritage.pdfwebsite=https://en.unesco.org/|title=Ipak yo‘llari dasturi|access-date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eng qadimgi yozma [[turkiy tillar|turkiy]] yodgorliklar [[run yozuvi]]dagi bitiklarda uchraydi, ulardan eng mashhurlari VII asrga oid [[Orxon yozuvi|Orxon bitiklari]]dir. Keyinchalik, IX–XI asrlar oraligʻida Markaziy Osiyodagi [[ko‘chmanchi]] [[turkiy xalqlar]] orasida [[og‘zaki adabiyot|ogʻzaki]] [[epik she’riyat]] anʼanalari shakllandi. Bular qatoriga [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning (zamonaviy [[turk xalqi|turklar]], [[turkman xalqi|turkmanlar]] va [[ozarbayjon xalqi|ozarbayjonlar]]ning til va madaniy ajdodlari) ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' hamda [[qirg‘iz xalqi]]ning ''[[Manas dostoni]]'' kiradi.

[[Manzikert jangi]]dan soʻng, oʻgʻuz turklari XI asrdan boshlab [[Anadolu]] hududiga joylashdilar. Ularning avvalgi ogʻzaki anʼanalari bilan bir qatorda, arab va [[fors adabiyoti]] taʼsiri ostida yozma adabiy anʼana ham shakllandi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Babyr |title=Devon |date=2004 |publisher=Miras |location=Ashgabat |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Turkman adabiyotining dastlabki rivoji oʻgʻuz turklari adabiyoti bilan chambarchas bogʻliq&lt;ref name=&quot;Johanson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Johanson |first=L. |editor-first1=Keith |editor-last1=Brown |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last2=Ogilvie|title=Jahon tillari qisqacha ensiklopediyasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA111|pages=110–113 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|date=6 April 2010|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanlar oʻgʻuz turkiy kelib chiqishga ega boshqa xalqlar, ayniqsa [[Ozarbayjon]] va [[Turkiya]] bilan birgalikda qadimgi oʻgʻuz va [[fors tili]]da (XI–XII asrlarda [[Saljuqiylar]] tomonidan) yozilgan bir qator adabiy asarlarga umumiy daʼvogarlik qiladilar. Bu asarlar qatoriga ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'', ''[[Ko‘ro‘g‘li dostoni]]'', „[[Layli va Majnun]]“ va „[[Yusuf va Zulayho]]“ kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |pages=29, 39, 198, 231}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shunga qaramay, zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti XVIII asrda [[she’riyat]] va [[Magtymguly Pyragy]] ijodi bilan boshlangan degan umumiy fikr mavjud. U turkman adabiyotining otasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkmaniston madaniyati |url=https://asian-recipe.com/turkmenistan-culture-3481 |website=Asian recipe|date=9 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shu davrning boshqa mashhur turkman shoirlari qatoriga [[Döwletmämmet Azady]] (Magtymgulining otasi), Nurmuhammet Andalyp, Abdylla Şabende, Şeýdaýy, Mahmyt Gaýyby va Gurbanally Magrupy kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurmuhammet Andalyp |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/andalyp.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:Kitab-ı Dede Korkut ala-lisan-i Ta'ife-i Oğuzhan, Dresden.jpg|thumb|right|120px|&quot;Dada Qoʻrqut kitobi&quot;ning Drezden qoʻlyozmasi]]
Turkman adabiyoti barcha turkiy xalqlar uchun umumiy boʻlgan eng qadimgi turkiy adabiyot bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Turk sheʼriyatining eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan baʼzilari milodiy VI asrga borib taqaladi va ular [[uyg‘ur tili]]da yaratilgan. [[Uyg‘ur turkiy tili]] yozuvchilariga mansub ayrim dastlabki sheʼrlar faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimalar orqali saqlanib qolgan. [[Og‘zaki she’riyat]] davrida ilk turkiy sheʼrlar qoʻshiq sifatida yaratilgan boʻlib, ularni ijro etish jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayoti va koʻngilochar faoliyatining muhim qismi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talat |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uzun epik asarlar ichida faqat [[O‘g‘uznoma]] toʻliq holda saqlanib qolgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' oʻz ildizlarini X asr sheʼriyatidan olgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u XV asrgacha ogʻzaki anʼana sifatida mavjud boʻlgan. Dastlabki yozma asarlar — ''[[Qutadg‘u bilig]]'' va ''[[Devonu lug‘otit turk]]'' — XI asrning ikkinchi yarmiga mansub boʻlib, turkiy adabiyotning eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;A Millenium of Turkish Literature&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |page=viii}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Oʻgʻuz turkiy ([[Turkoman (etnonim)|turkman]]) adabiyotining eng muhim namoyandalaridan biri XIII asr [[sufiylik|sufiy]] shoiri [[Yunus Emre]] hisoblanadi. Turkman adabiyotining „oltin davri“ X asrdan XVII asrgacha davom etgan deb hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining shakllanishi ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1989 CPA 6091 stamp (Koroghlu, Azerbaijan epic poem. A. Gadzhiev).jpg|thumb|left|175px|A. Hajiyev tomonidan tasvirlangan Goʻroʻgʻli]]
Yozma adabiyotda zamonaviy turkman tiliga yaqin shaklning ilk qoʻllanishi XV–XVI asrlarga toʻgʻri keladi. Zamonaviy turkman tiliga xos unsurlar umumiy turkiy adabiyotdagi [[chig‘atoy tili]]da yozilgan asarlarda ham uchraydi. Chigʻatoy tilining turkman adabiyotiga taʼsiri keyingi davrlarda ham sezilarli boʻlib qolgan. Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining eng qadimgi namunalariga [[Xuroson viloyati|Xuroson]] turkmanlaridan boʻlgan Vafayi tomonidan yozilgan diniy-axloqiy asar ''Islom nuri'' ({{lang|tk|Rownak-ul-Islam}}, 1464), XVI asrga oid [[Bairam Khan]] sheʼrlari hamda [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]]ning ''[[Turkmanlar nasabnomasi]]'' (XVII asr) kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Milliy taqvim (turkman tilida) |url=http://www.turkmensahra.org/turkmen/arhiw/akmyrad/kronology.php |website=Turkmen Sahra}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda qayd etilgan anonim romanlar — {{lang|tk|[[Asli va Kerem|Asly Kerem]]}}, {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}}, {{lang|tk|[[Go‘ro‘g‘li dostoni|Görogly]]}}, {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}}, {{lang|tk|Ibrahim}}, {{lang|tk|Edehem}}, {{lang|tk|Zeýnal-Arap}}, {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}} va boshqalar — tili va mazmuni tahliliga koʻra, aslida XV–XVII asrlarda yaratilgan. Ular Sharqda keng tarqalgan „sayyor syujetlar“ asosida tuzilgan boʻlib, sevgi gʻalabasi, qahramonlarning jasorati va mardligini madh etadi. Qahramonlar toʻsiqlarni yengib, yovuz kuchlarga qarshi kurashadi; bu kuchlar koʻpincha [[dev (mifologiya)|devlar]], [[jin]]lar, [[pari]]lar kabi fantastik mavjudotlar orqali ifodalanadi. Ushbu mavjudotlar {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Saýatly Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Görogly}} va {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}} kabi asarlarda qahramonlarga murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda yordam beradi. {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}} va boshqa asarlar esa [[Islom]] vakillari, xususan [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]] va uning izdoshlarining „[ [kofirlar]] ]“ga qarshi kurashini tasvirlaydi. Ushbu romanlarning badiiy shakliga xos jihat — [[nasr]] va sheʼriy parchalar almashinib kelishidir&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, pp. 163-170&lt;/ref&gt;.

Saqlanib qolgan turkman [[folklor]]i — [[ertak]]lar, [[qo‘shiq]]lar, [[latifa]]lar, [[maqol]]lar, [[matallar]], [[tez aytish]]lar va boshqalar — nafaqat aslzoda qahramonlarni, balki oddiy xalq vakillarini ham oʻz ichiga oladi: {{lang|tk|Aldar Köse}}, {{lang|tk|Kelje}}, {{lang|tk|Dälije}}, {{lang|tk|Aklamyh gyzlary}}, {{lang|tk|Gara atly gyz}} va boshqalar. Ular mehnatsevarlik, chaqqonlik, topqirlik va jasorat tufayli murakkab vaziyatlarda gʻalaba qozonadi. Turkmanistonda adabiy jarayonning ajralmas qismi doimo xalq orasidan chiqqan badihagoʻy shoir — ''shahir'' (''şahyr'') boʻlib kelgan; ular odatda savodsiz boʻlishgan&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, p. 164&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ertegi.ru/index.php?id=11|title=Qozog‘iston xalq ertaklari &amp;#124; Aldar Ko‘se haqidagi ertaklar|website=www.ertegi.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Mahtumquli Pyragy ===
{{Main|Mahtumquli Pyragy}}
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Mahtumquli Pyragy]] — keng bilimga ega shoir va faylasuf, Azadyning oʻgʻli boʻlib, turkman adabiyotida tub burilish yasagan shaxs hisoblanadi. U adabiy asarlar mavzusini kengaytirib, milliy til va butun xalq muammolariga murojaat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilar uning qariyb 800 ga yaqin sheʼr yozganini taʼkidlaydilar, biroq ularning bir qismi soxta (apokrif) boʻlishi mumkin. Asarlarining katta qismi ''goshgy'' (xalq qoʻshiqlari) shaklida yozilgan, ayrimlari esa shaxsiy ''gʻazal'' tarzida boʻlib, ularda soʻfiylik unsurlari ham mavjud. XIX asrda Mahtumquli sheʼrlari yozma shaklda emas, balki ogʻzaki tarzda Markaziy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalib, [[qoraqalpoqlar]], [[tojiklar]] va [[kurdlar]] orasida ham mashhurlikka erishgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkman adabiyoti |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Turkmen-literature |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning 300 dan ortiq saqlanib qolgan sheʼrlarida oʻz davrida maʼlum boʻlgan deyarli barcha mamlakatlar, fanlar va adabiy manbalarga murojaatlar uchraydi. U urugʻ va qabila chegaralaridan chiqib, butun turkman xalqining birlashuv orzusini ifoda etgan. U [[xalq tili]]dan foydalangan boʻlib, uning koʻplab misralari xalq maqollari va matallariga aylangan. Davr ziddiyatlarini ochiq ifodalashi, chuqur samimiyligi va yuqori badiiy saviyasi uning asarlarini boshqa shoirlar uchun namuna qilib qoʻydi hamda keyingi avlod adiblari tomonidan keng taqlid qilindi&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;.

Mahtumqulining toʻplangan asarlari koʻplab turkmanlar tomonidan turkman adabiyotining eng yuksak choʻqqisi sifatida baholanadi. Uning sheʼrlari turkman tilida soʻzlashuvchi hududlardagi koʻplab oilalarda uchraydi, yod olinadi va kundalik nutqda maqol va hikmat sifatida qoʻllanadi. Uning hayoti va ijodi koʻplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va talqinlar mavzusiga aylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ashyrov |first1=Annagurban |title=Magtymguly qo‘lyozmalarining tahlili (turkman tilida) |date=2014 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat nashriyot xizmati |location=Ashxobod |pages=9–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Mahtumqulining {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (''Ayrildim'') sheʼridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Aýryldym gunça gülümden.
Syýa saçly sünbülimden,
Hoş owazly bilbilimden,
Şirin güftardan aýryldym.

Illeri bar diňli-diňli,
Sowuk suwly, ter öleňli,
Ili — gökleň, ady — Meňli,
Näzli dildardan aýryldym.

Magtymguly, aşyk mestan,
Bagladym şanyna destan,
Menzilgähi bagy-bostan.
Almaly nardan aýryldym.&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Men oʻz gʻunchagulimdan ayrildim,
Qora sochli goʻzalimdan,
Yoqqimli ovozli bulbulimdan,
Shirin soʻzli yorimdan ayrildim.

Uning yurtlari minorali,
Sovuq suvli, yam-yashil yaylovli,
Eli — Goʻklen, nomi — Meňli,
Nozik dilbarimdan ayrildim.

Mahtumquli, ishq masti,
Senga bagʻishlab doston bitdim,
Uning maskani bogʻu boʻston,
Olmali-anorli diyordan ayrildim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aýryldym |url=https://www.turkmenkultur.de/ayryldym/ |website=Türkmen kultur ojagynyň internet sahypasy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}
=== Şeýdaýy, Magrupy va boshqalar ===
XVIII asr oxirida, [[chig‘atoy tili]] taʼsiri saqlanib qolgan holda, yozma turkman tili bilan soʻzlashuv tilining yaqinlashuvi boshlandi. XVIII asr oxiri — XIX asr boshlaridagi ijodiy sheʼriyat Şeýdaýy ({{lang|tk|Gül we Senuwer}} nomli [[fantastik roman]] va [[lirik she’rlar]] muallifi) hamda 400 ta sheʼr toʻplami bilan tanilgan Gaýyby kabi ijodkorlar nomi bilan bogʻliq. Yozuvchi Magrupy esa qahramonlik ruhidagi {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} romani va „Seýfel Melek“ muhabbat qissasining muallifi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Magrupyning {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} asaridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet beg diýer, meni göze almadyň,
Öwüt edip, belli jogap bermediň,
Özüň bildiň meni adam bilmediň,
Ak patany bergin, Ýusup soltanym

Ýusup beg diýer, bildim, arslan ekeniň,
Jahany titreden pälwan ekeniň,
Boýny ýogyn, gödek oglan ekeniň,
Barabarda ýörgün, Ahmet mürzeýim!
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet bek deydi: meni tushunmading,
Nasihat berding, ammo aniq javob bermading,
Oʻzingni oʻylab, meni inson oʻrnida koʻrmading,
Oq fotiha ber, ey sultonim Yusuf.

Yusuf bek deydi: bildim, sen arslonsan,
Jahonni larzaga keltiruvchi pahlavonsan,
Baquvvat, qoʻrqmas yigitsan,
Toʻgʻri yoʻlda yur, ey shahzoda Ahmet!
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}

=== XIX asr boshlarida ===

[[File:TM-2003-1000manat-Mollanepes-b.png|thumb|175px|Shoir [[Mollanepes]] Turkmanistonning [[yodgorlik tangasi]]da]]
XIX asr boshlarida turkman tilida ijod qilgan koʻplab shoir va nasrnavislarning paydo boʻlishi bilan ajralib turadi. Ular qatoriga lirik sheʼrlar hamda [[ilmiy fantastika]] ruhidagi asarlar muallifi Şabende, shuningdek Şabehrem, Hojaýy Berdi Han va Nejep Oglan kiradi. Ular dushmanlarga qarshi kurashda jasorat, fidoyilik va qahramonlikni madh etgan. Shoir [[Mollanepes]] {{lang|tk|Zöhre we Tahyr}} romanining muallifi boʻlib, unda [[shoh]]lar va [[saroy amaldorlari]]ning xiyonati fosh etiladi, haqiqat va muhabbatning gʻalabasi ulugʻlanadi. Şabende tomonidan yozilgan „Gül we Bilbil“ („Gul va bulbul“) sheʼri turkman adabiyotining eng sara namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Mollanepes sheʼriyati yorqin obrazlar, kuchli tasviriylik va boy til bilan ajralib turadi&lt;ref&gt;''Mollanepes va XIX asr turkman hayoti: Xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari''. Mari, 8–10 aprel 2010. Turkmaniston Fanlar akademiyasi Qoʻlyozmalar milliy instituti. Mari, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrning birinchi yarmi shoirlari — Seýdi, Zelili va Kemine ijodida ijtimoiy mavzular ustunlik qiladi. Shoir-jangchi Seýdi (1758–1830) [[Buxoro amirligi]]ga qarshi kurashgan va [[turkman qabilalari]]ni birlashib ozodlik uchun kurashishga chaqirgan. Zelili (1790–1844) [[Etrek tumani|Etrek]] turkmanlarining azob-uqubatlarini tasvirlab, ularni {{lang|tk|baýs}} (boylar), [[mulla]]lar, [[Xiva xonligi]] va [[Eron]] hukmdorlari tomonidan ezilganini koʻrsatadi. U hayotiy quvonchlarni madh etib, hukmron tabaqalarning poraxoʻrligi va shafqatsizligini fosh etgan. Xalq qoʻshiqchisi [[Mämmetweli Kemine]] (1840-yilda vafot etgan) erkin muhabbat, ona yurt mavzularida ijod qilgan hamda koʻplab kulgili qisqa hikoyalar va latifalar yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mammetweli Kemine |url=http://gollanma.com/mammetweli-kemine.html |website=Gollanma|date=7 December 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asr oʻrtalarida Dosmämmet, Aşyky, Allazy, Zynhary, Ýusup Hoja, Baýly, Allaguly va Garaoglan kabi shoirlar keng tanilgan boʻlsa-da, ularning faqat ayrim sheʼrlari bizgacha yetib kelgan. 1860-yillarda Abdysetdar Kazy [[Teke (turkman qabilasi)|Teke turkmanlari]]ning eronliklarga qarshi janglari haqida mashhur tarixiy „Jeňnama“ dostonini yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223335/http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-31|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}.

== Rossiya Turkistoni davridagi adabiyot ==
[[File:Siege of Geok Tepe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Goʻkdepe qamali]]
1880-yillarda [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi|Turkiston]] hududi [[Rossiya imperiyasi|ruslar]] tomonidan bosib olindi. Shoirlar Mätäji (1824–1884) va Misgin Gylyç (1845–1905) turkmanlarning soʻnggi tayanchi boʻlgan [[Go‘kdepe jangi|Goʻkdepe qal’asi]] himoyasini qahramonlik bilan tasvirladilar. Ular, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va ishqiy lirika ham yaratganlar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Annaguli Mataji |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/mataji.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda turkman tilidagi dastlabki bosma kitoblar paydo boʻldi. Inqilobdan oldingi Turkiston maktablarida sunʼiy „Markaziy Osiyo-chigʻatoy tili“ oʻqitilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati savodsiz edi. Zamonaviy turkman tili XX asr boshlarida, turkman tilining teke lahjasi asosida shakllana boshladi. 1913-yilda I. A. Belyaev muharrirligida birinchi ruscha-turkmancha lugʻat nashr etildi. 1915-yilda uning tahriri ostida ''Turkman tili grammatikasi'' ham chop etildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Belyayev |first1=Ivan Aleksandrovich |title=The Grammar of the Turkmen Language |date=1915 |location=Russian State Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Sovet taʼsiri ==
=== Oktyabr inqilobidan keyingi dastlabki yillar ===
XX asr boshlarida turkman adabiyotida yangi mavzular paydo boʻldi — musulmon [[ruhoniylar]]ining jaholatini tanqid qilish, eski turmush qoldiqlarini fosh etish, [[ma’rifatparvarlik falsafasi]] gʻoyalarini targʻib qilish. Bu mavzular Molla Durdi, Bechora Muhammad Qilich (1922-yilda vafot etgan) va boshqa yozuvchilar ijodida aks etgan. [[Sovet Turkmanistoni]] davrida turkman adabiyoti yangi mavzular bilan boyidi, ''shoirlar'' (''shahirlar'') hamda ilk sovet turkman yozuvchi va shoirlari ijodida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻldi. Bu jarayon [[jadidchilik]] mafkuraviy merosini yengib oʻtish va yangi sovet obrazlari, gʻoyalari hamda voqeliklarini anglash bilan kechdi.

[[Oktyabr inqilobi]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] va [[Iosif Stalin|Stalin]] hamda [[Qizil Armiya]] kurashi haqidagi ilk qoʻshiqlar Bayram va Kermolla tomonidan yaratilgan. Shoirlar Durdi Qilich (1886-yilda tugʻilgan) va Ota Solih (1908-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻz qoʻshiqlari mavzusini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdilar. Ular sotsialistik qurilish yutuqlari, jahon [[proletariat]]i gʻalabalari, [[stalinchilik]] konstitutsiyasi va [[SSSR xalqlari]] doʻstligi, kolxoz qurilishi, ozod qilingan ayollar, qahramon uchuvchilar, dushmanlarni yengish kabi mavzularda asarlar yaratdilar. Bu mavzular sovet davridagi koʻplab mashhur ''shahir''lar — Halla, Tore va Oʻroz Choʻloq ijodining asosini tashkil etdi. [[Sovet hukumati]] ularning koʻpchiligini orden va medallar bilan mukofotladi&lt;ref&gt;''Katta Sovet Ensiklopediyasi''. 2-jild. 2-nashr. 1950. 344-bet&lt;/ref&gt;.

XX asrda bir necha bor [[turkman alifbosi]]ni, avval [[arab yozuvi]] asosida boʻlgan tizimdan boshqa yozuvlarga oʻtkazish masalasi koʻtarildi. 1926-yilda [[Boku]]da oʻtkazilgan [[turkologlar]] qurultoyidan soʻng turkman yozuvi [[lotin alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi va 1940-yilgacha shu shaklda qoʻllanildi. Keyinchalik, [[SSSR]]dagi barcha turkiy respublikalarda boʻlgani kabi, yozuv ayrim qoʻshimcha harflar bilan [[kirill alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi. 1993-yilda Turkmaniston yana lotin yozuviga qaytdi, biroq mamlakat tashqarisidagi turkmanlar hanuz arab yozuvidan foydalanib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;Soyegov, M. [http://www.akademikbakis.org/eskisite/35/22.pdf ''Yangi turkman alifbosi: uning ishlab chiqilishi va qabul qilinishi masalalari'']&lt;/ref&gt;.

Birinchi sovet turkman shoiri Molla Murt (1879–1930) [[sotsialistik inqilob]]ning dastlabki kunlaridanoq oʻz sheʼrlarida [[sotsializm]]ni xalq uchun sodda va tushunarli tilda madh etgan. Birinchi sovet turkman nasrnavisi Ogʻaxon Durdiyev (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻzining „Orzular dengizida“, „Zarbdorlar toʻlqini“, „Meret“, „Gurban“, „Oltin burgut changalida goʻzal“ kabi asarlarida [[Qoraqum cho‘li]]dagi qurilishlar, Sharq ayollarini ozod qilish muammolari haqida yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Og‘axon Durdiyew |url=http://gollanma.com/agahan-durdyyew.html |website=Gollanma|date=8 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sotsialistik qurilish romantikasi boshqa turkman yozuvchilari ijodida ham oʻz aksini topdi. Jumladan, Durdi Agamammedov (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) „Sona kolxoz hayoti“, „Oktyabr oʻgʻli“ kabi asarlari bilan mashhur; Beki Seytakov (1914-yilda tugʻilgan) hazil-mutoyiba ruhidagi sheʼrlari, „Akjagul hikoyalari“, „Kommunar“ asarlari va „Olov ichida“ dostoni bilan tanilgan; [[Alty Garliyev]] „Paxta“, „Annagul“, „Ayna“ (1916) pyesalari muallifi; ilk turkman ayol dramaturg va shoir [[To‘vshan Esenova]] (1915-yilda tugʻilgan) esa „Millionerning qizi“ komediyasi hamda „Poʻlat qizlar“, „Lina“ sheʼrlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref&gt;Sidelnikova L. M. ''Sovet shoirasi yoʻli''. Ashxobod, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Berdi Kerbabayev ===
[[File:Berdy Kerbabayev.jpg|thumb|right|Sovet turkman yozuvchisi [[Berdi Kerbabayev]]]]
Sovet turkman yozuvchilari orasida eng yirik shaxslardan biri — Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi, [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] Berdi Kerbabayev (1894-yilda tugʻilgan) hisoblanadi. U 1920-yillarda satirik shoir sifatida ijodini boshlagan. „Qizlar olami“ (1927) va „Mustahkamlangan, yoki Odat qurboni“ (1928) sheʼrlarida u sovet axloqiy meʼyorlarini oʻrnatish va eski urf-odat qoldiqlaridan xalos boʻlish gʻoyalarini ilgari surgan. Birinchi turkman inqilobiy tarixiy romani — ''Hal qiluvchi qadam'' (1947) uchun u 1948-yilda SSSR Davlat mukofoti laureati unvoniga sazovor boʻlgan.

[[Ulug‘ Vatan urushi]] yillarida „Gurban Durdy“ (1942) hikoyasi, „Oylar“ (1943) dostoni hamda ''Birodarlar'' (1943) va ''Mahtumquli'' (1943) pyesalari yozilgan. 1942–1950-yillarda u Turkmaniston Yozuvchilar uyushmasi raisi boʻlgan. Urushdan keyin Kerbabayevning kolxoz qishlogʻi hayotiga bagʻishlangan asarlari chop etildi: „Oq oltin yurti Aysoʻltan“ (1949, 1951-yil SSSR Davlat mukofoti), neftchilar hayotiga oid ''Nebit-Dag'' (1957) romani hamda turkman inqilobchisi K. Atabayev haqida ''Moʻjizaviy tugʻilish'' (1965) tarixiy romani shular jumlasidandir. Kerbabayev shuningdek rus va sovet shoirlari hamda yozuvchilarining asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilish bilan ham shugʻullangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1108262344|title=Kerbabayev Berdi Muradovich (rus tilida)|publisher=ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=A. Kerbabayeva|url=http://www.velykoross.ru/journals_pdfs/0/7.pdf|title=Hayot — uy kabi: uning poydevori chuqur va mustahkam bo‘lishi kerak! (rus tilida)|publisher=Великороссъ}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

SSSR davrida ijodi keng ochilgan koʻplab shoir va yozuvchilar ham mavjud edi: Kemal Ishanov, Saryhanov, Ata Govshudov&lt;ref&gt;A. Aborskiy, Ata Govshudov. ''Hayoti va ijodi haqida ocherk'' (rus tilida), Ashxobod, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt;, Meret Qilichov, Pomma-Nur Berdiev, Chari Guliyev, Monton Janmyradov, Ahmet Ahundov-Gurgenli, Seyidov, Hemrayev va boshqalar. Umuman olganda, 1920–1990-yillar turkman adabiyoti sovet madaniyati doirasida rivojlanib, turkman xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan [[sotsialistik realizm]] obrazlarini oʻzlashtirdi.

Sovet davrining muhim yutuqlaridan biri — sovet tarixchilari va tilshunoslari olib borgan katta ilmiy tadqiqotlar boʻlib, ular XV–XVI asrlarga oid eng qadimgi turkman adabiy manbalarini aniqlagan va oʻrgangan.

== Mustaqillikdan keyin ==
1990-yillarda Turkmaniston mustaqilligi eʼlon qilingach, turkman adabiyoti yangi yoʻnalishlarni aks ettira boshladi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuwakow |first1=M |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining asosiy muammolari (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Magtymguly nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti |location=Ashxobod |pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining hozirgi holatini va rivojlanish yoʻllarini toʻliq yoritish hamda bugungi shoir va yozuvchilar ijodi haqida umumiy xulosa berish murakkab. Har bir ijodkor voqelikni oʻzicha idrok etadi, oʻz mavzusi va uslubiga ega.

Agageldi Allanazarovning ''Muhr'' romani qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, turkman xalqining anʼanalari va axloqiy asoslarini yoritadi&lt;ref&gt;Allanazarow A. ''Muhr''. Ashxobod, 2007. 1–192-betlar.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hudayberdi Diwanguliyevning ''Yekagachga qaytish'' asari esa qahramonlarning murakkab vaziyatlarda bilim va tajribasi orqali sharaf bilan chiqib ketishini tasvirlaydi. Asar optimistik ruhda boʻlib, ilmiy bilimlar orqali dunyoni anglash va jamiyatni birlashtirish gʻoyasini ilgari suradi.

Komek Guliyev ijodiga mansub „Har bir ertakning oʻz yakuni bor“ hikoyasi yumshoq hazil, inson psixologiyasini chuqur bilish va qahramonlar xarakterini toʻliq ochib berish uslubi bilan ajralib turadi.

Atamyrat Atabayev sheʼrlari va ruboiylari mamlakat kelajagiga nisbatan chuqur tashvish va mehr bilan yoʻgʻrilgan boʻlib, yangi mustaqil va betaraf Turkmaniston sharoitida insonlar oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar haqida falsafiy mulohazalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ularda vatanga muhabbat, tarixga hurmat va ajdodlar jasoratiga ehtirom yaqqol seziladi.

Bugungi kunda Orazguly Annayev, Gurbanyaz Dashgynov, Gurbannazar Orazgulyyev kabi koʻplab zamonaviy shoir va yozuvchilar mavjud boʻlib, ularning ijodi nafaqat Turkmanistonda, balki [[post-sovet davlatlari]]da ham mashhurdir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agaliyev |first1=K |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti haqida |url=http://www.sibogni.ru/content/o-sovremennoy-turkmenskoy-literature |website=Siberian Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Turkman xalqi]]
* [[Turkman tili]]
* [[Turkman madaniyati]]
* [[Mahtumquli Pyragy]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* {{Cite web |title=TURKMAN ADABIYOTI |url=https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/TURKMENSKAYA_LITERATURA.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.krugosvet.ru |language=ru}}
* {{Cite web |title=XX asr turkman adabiyoti tarixi |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/118/read |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.kitaphana.net}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heownQAACAAJ |title=Turkman sovet adabiyoti tarixi ocherki |date=1980 |publisher=Nauka |language=ru}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skosirev |first=Petr Georgievich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCZWzQEACAAJ |title=Turkman adabiyoti: rivojlanish ocherki |date=1945 |publisher=Sovet yozuvchisi |language=ru}}


[[Category:Turkman tili]]
[[Category:Turkman xalq madaniyati]]</text>
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      <text bytes="27577" sha1="cx8slzlekf6qijl7bi60g1kgsdg15cr" xml:space="preserve">'''Turkman adabiyoti''' ({{langx|tk|Türkmen edebiýaty}}) ogʻzaki ijod namunalarini va qadimgi [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz turkiy tillari]] hamda [[turkman tili]]da yozilgan matnlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Turkman xalqi(Turkmanlar) — [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning bevosita avlodlari boʻlib, ular gʻarbiy [[turkiy xalqlar]]dan biri hisoblanadi va [[turkiy tillar|turkiy tillar oilasi]]ning [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz tarmogʻi]]ni shakllantirgan.

Umumiy turkiy adabiyot tarixi qariyb 1300 yilni oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVb%20silk%20road_oral%20tradition%20and%20the%20literary%20heritage.pdfwebsite=https://en.unesco.org/|title=Ipak yo‘llari dasturi|access-date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eng qadimgi yozma [[turkiy tillar|turkiy]] yodgorliklar [[run yozuvi]]dagi bitiklarda uchraydi, ulardan eng mashhurlari VII asrga oid [[Orxon yozuvi|Orxon bitiklari]]dir. Keyinchalik, IX–XI asrlar oraligʻida Markaziy Osiyodagi [[ko‘chmanchi]] [[turkiy xalqlar]] orasida [[og‘zaki adabiyot|ogʻzaki]] [[epik she’riyat]] anʼanalari shakllandi. Bular qatoriga [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning (zamonaviy [[turk xalqi|turklar]], [[turkman xalqi|turkmanlar]] va [[ozarbayjon xalqi|ozarbayjonlar]]ning til va madaniy ajdodlari) ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' hamda [[qirg‘iz xalqi]]ning ''[[Manas dostoni]]'' kiradi.

[[Manzikert jangi]]dan soʻng, oʻgʻuz turklari XI asrdan boshlab [[Anadolu]] hududiga joylashdilar. Ularning avvalgi ogʻzaki anʼanalari bilan bir qatorda, arab va [[fors adabiyoti]] taʼsiri ostida yozma adabiy anʼana ham shakllandi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Babyr |title=Devon |date=2004 |publisher=Miras |location=Ashgabat |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Turkman adabiyotining dastlabki rivoji oʻgʻuz turklari adabiyoti bilan chambarchas bogʻliq&lt;ref name=&quot;Johanson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Johanson |first=L. |editor-first1=Keith |editor-last1=Brown |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last2=Ogilvie|title=Jahon tillari qisqacha ensiklopediyasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA111|pages=110–113 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|date=6 April 2010|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanlar oʻgʻuz turkiy kelib chiqishga ega boshqa xalqlar, ayniqsa [[Ozarbayjon]] va [[Turkiya]] bilan birgalikda qadimgi oʻgʻuz va [[fors tili]]da (XI–XII asrlarda [[Saljuqiylar]] tomonidan) yozilgan bir qator adabiy asarlarga umumiy daʼvogarlik qiladilar. Bu asarlar qatoriga ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'', ''[[Ko‘ro‘g‘li dostoni]]'', „[[Layli va Majnun]]“ va „[[Yusuf va Zulayho]]“ kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |pages=29, 39, 198, 231}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shunga qaramay, zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti XVIII asrda [[she’riyat]] va [[Magtymguly Pyragy]] ijodi bilan boshlangan degan umumiy fikr mavjud. U turkman adabiyotining otasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkmaniston madaniyati |url=https://asian-recipe.com/turkmenistan-culture-3481 |website=Asian recipe|date=9 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shu davrning boshqa mashhur turkman shoirlari qatoriga [[Döwletmämmet Azady]] (Magtymgulining otasi), Nurmuhammet Andalyp, Abdylla Şabende, Şeýdaýy, Mahmyt Gaýyby va Gurbanally Magrupy kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurmuhammet Andalyp |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/andalyp.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:Kitab-ı Dede Korkut ala-lisan-i Ta'ife-i Oğuzhan, Dresden.jpg|thumb|right|120px|&quot;Dada Qoʻrqut kitobi&quot;ning Drezden qoʻlyozmasi]]
Turkman adabiyoti barcha turkiy xalqlar uchun umumiy boʻlgan eng qadimgi turkiy adabiyot bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Turk sheʼriyatining eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan baʼzilari milodiy VI asrga borib taqaladi va ular [[uyg‘ur tili]]da yaratilgan. [[Uyg‘ur turkiy tili]] yozuvchilariga mansub ayrim dastlabki sheʼrlar faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimalar orqali saqlanib qolgan. [[Og‘zaki she’riyat]] davrida ilk turkiy sheʼrlar qoʻshiq sifatida yaratilgan boʻlib, ularni ijro etish jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayoti va koʻngilochar faoliyatining muhim qismi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talat |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uzun epik asarlar ichida faqat [[O‘g‘uznoma]] toʻliq holda saqlanib qolgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' oʻz ildizlarini X asr sheʼriyatidan olgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u XV asrgacha ogʻzaki anʼana sifatida mavjud boʻlgan. Dastlabki yozma asarlar — ''[[Qutadg‘u bilig]]'' va ''[[Devonu lug‘otit turk]]'' — XI asrning ikkinchi yarmiga mansub boʻlib, turkiy adabiyotning eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;A Millenium of Turkish Literature&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |page=viii}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Oʻgʻuz turkiy ([[Turkoman (etnonim)|turkman]]) adabiyotining eng muhim namoyandalaridan biri XIII asr [[sufiylik|sufiy]] shoiri [[Yunus Emre]] hisoblanadi. Turkman adabiyotining „oltin davri“ X asrdan XVII asrgacha davom etgan deb hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining shakllanishi ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1989 CPA 6091 stamp (Koroghlu, Azerbaijan epic poem. A. Gadzhiev).jpg|thumb|left|175px|A. Hajiyev tomonidan tasvirlangan Goʻroʻgʻli]]
Yozma adabiyotda zamonaviy turkman tiliga yaqin shaklning ilk qoʻllanishi XV–XVI asrlarga toʻgʻri keladi. Zamonaviy turkman tiliga xos unsurlar umumiy turkiy adabiyotdagi [[chig‘atoy tili]]da yozilgan asarlarda ham uchraydi. Chigʻatoy tilining turkman adabiyotiga taʼsiri keyingi davrlarda ham sezilarli boʻlib qolgan. Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining eng qadimgi namunalariga [[Xuroson viloyati|Xuroson]] turkmanlaridan boʻlgan Vafayi tomonidan yozilgan diniy-axloqiy asar ''Islom nuri'' ({{lang|tk|Rownak-ul-Islam}}, 1464), XVI asrga oid [[Bairam Khan]] sheʼrlari hamda [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]]ning ''[[Turkmanlar nasabnomasi]]'' (XVII asr) kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Milliy taqvim (turkman tilida) |url=http://www.turkmensahra.org/turkmen/arhiw/akmyrad/kronology.php |website=Turkmen Sahra}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda qayd etilgan anonim romanlar — {{lang|tk|[[Asli va Kerem|Asly Kerem]]}}, {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}}, {{lang|tk|[[Go‘ro‘g‘li dostoni|Görogly]]}}, {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}}, {{lang|tk|Ibrahim}}, {{lang|tk|Edehem}}, {{lang|tk|Zeýnal-Arap}}, {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}} va boshqalar — tili va mazmuni tahliliga koʻra, aslida XV–XVII asrlarda yaratilgan. Ular Sharqda keng tarqalgan „sayyor syujetlar“ asosida tuzilgan boʻlib, sevgi gʻalabasi, qahramonlarning jasorati va mardligini madh etadi. Qahramonlar toʻsiqlarni yengib, yovuz kuchlarga qarshi kurashadi; bu kuchlar koʻpincha [[dev (mifologiya)|devlar]], [[jin]]lar, [[pari]]lar kabi fantastik mavjudotlar orqali ifodalanadi. Ushbu mavjudotlar {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Saýatly Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Görogly}} va {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}} kabi asarlarda qahramonlarga murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda yordam beradi. {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}} va boshqa asarlar esa [[Islom]] vakillari, xususan [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]] va uning izdoshlarining „[ [kofirlar]] ]“ga qarshi kurashini tasvirlaydi. Ushbu romanlarning badiiy shakliga xos jihat — [[nasr]] va sheʼriy parchalar almashinib kelishidir&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, pp. 163-170&lt;/ref&gt;.

Saqlanib qolgan turkman [[folklor]]i — [[ertak]]lar, [[qo‘shiq]]lar, [[latifa]]lar, [[maqol]]lar, [[matallar]], [[tez aytish]]lar va boshqalar — nafaqat aslzoda qahramonlarni, balki oddiy xalq vakillarini ham oʻz ichiga oladi: {{lang|tk|Aldar Köse}}, {{lang|tk|Kelje}}, {{lang|tk|Dälije}}, {{lang|tk|Aklamyh gyzlary}}, {{lang|tk|Gara atly gyz}} va boshqalar. Ular mehnatsevarlik, chaqqonlik, topqirlik va jasorat tufayli murakkab vaziyatlarda gʻalaba qozonadi. Turkmanistonda adabiy jarayonning ajralmas qismi doimo xalq orasidan chiqqan badihagoʻy shoir — ''shahir'' (''şahyr'') boʻlib kelgan; ular odatda savodsiz boʻlishgan&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, p. 164&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ertegi.ru/index.php?id=11|title=Qozog‘iston xalq ertaklari &amp;#124; Aldar Ko‘se haqidagi ertaklar|website=www.ertegi.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Mahtumquli Pyragy ===
{{Main|Mahtumquli Pyragy}}
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Mahtumquli Pyragy]] — keng bilimga ega shoir va faylasuf, Azadyning oʻgʻli boʻlib, turkman adabiyotida tub burilish yasagan shaxs hisoblanadi. U adabiy asarlar mavzusini kengaytirib, milliy til va butun xalq muammolariga murojaat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilar uning qariyb 800 ga yaqin sheʼr yozganini taʼkidlaydilar, biroq ularning bir qismi soxta (apokrif) boʻlishi mumkin. Asarlarining katta qismi ''goshgy'' (xalq qoʻshiqlari) shaklida yozilgan, ayrimlari esa shaxsiy ''gʻazal'' tarzida boʻlib, ularda soʻfiylik unsurlari ham mavjud. XIX asrda Mahtumquli sheʼrlari yozma shaklda emas, balki ogʻzaki tarzda Markaziy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalib, [[qoraqalpoqlar]], [[tojiklar]] va [[kurdlar]] orasida ham mashhurlikka erishgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkman adabiyoti |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Turkmen-literature |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning 300 dan ortiq saqlanib qolgan sheʼrlarida oʻz davrida maʼlum boʻlgan deyarli barcha mamlakatlar, fanlar va adabiy manbalarga murojaatlar uchraydi. U urugʻ va qabila chegaralaridan chiqib, butun turkman xalqining birlashuv orzusini ifoda etgan. U [[xalq tili]]dan foydalangan boʻlib, uning koʻplab misralari xalq maqollari va matallariga aylangan. Davr ziddiyatlarini ochiq ifodalashi, chuqur samimiyligi va yuqori badiiy saviyasi uning asarlarini boshqa shoirlar uchun namuna qilib qoʻydi hamda keyingi avlod adiblari tomonidan keng taqlid qilindi.

Mahtumqulining toʻplangan asarlari koʻplab turkmanlar tomonidan turkman adabiyotining eng yuksak choʻqqisi sifatida baholanadi. Uning sheʼrlari turkman tilida soʻzlashuvchi hududlardagi koʻplab oilalarda uchraydi, yod olinadi va kundalik nutqda maqol va hikmat sifatida qoʻllanadi. Uning hayoti va ijodi koʻplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va talqinlar mavzusiga aylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ashyrov |first1=Annagurban |title=Magtymguly qo‘lyozmalarining tahlili (turkman tilida) |date=2014 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat nashriyot xizmati |location=Ashxobod |pages=9–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Mahtumqulining {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (''Ayrildim'') sheʼridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Aýryldym gunça gülümden.
Syýa saçly sünbülimden,
Hoş owazly bilbilimden,
Şirin güftardan aýryldym.

Illeri bar diňli-diňli,
Sowuk suwly, ter öleňli,
Ili — gökleň, ady — Meňli,
Näzli dildardan aýryldym.

Magtymguly, aşyk mestan,
Bagladym şanyna destan,
Menzilgähi bagy-bostan.
Almaly nardan aýryldym.&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Men oʻz gʻunchagulimdan ayrildim,
Qora sochli goʻzalimdan,
Yoqqimli ovozli bulbulimdan,
Shirin soʻzli yorimdan ayrildim.

Uning yurtlari minorali,
Sovuq suvli, yam-yashil yaylovli,
Eli — Goʻklen, nomi — Meňli,
Nozik dilbarimdan ayrildim.

Mahtumquli, ishq masti,
Senga bagʻishlab doston bitdim,
Uning maskani bogʻu boʻston,
Olmali-anorli diyordan ayrildim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aýryldym |url=https://www.turkmenkultur.de/ayryldym/ |website=Türkmen kultur ojagynyň internet sahypasy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}
=== Şeýdaýy, Magrupy va boshqalar ===
XVIII asr oxirida, [[chig‘atoy tili]] taʼsiri saqlanib qolgan holda, yozma turkman tili bilan soʻzlashuv tilining yaqinlashuvi boshlandi. XVIII asr oxiri — XIX asr boshlaridagi ijodiy sheʼriyat Şeýdaýy ({{lang|tk|Gül we Senuwer}} nomli [[fantastik roman]] va [[lirik she’rlar]] muallifi) hamda 400 ta sheʼr toʻplami bilan tanilgan Gaýyby kabi ijodkorlar nomi bilan bogʻliq. Yozuvchi Magrupy esa qahramonlik ruhidagi {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} romani va „Seýfel Melek“ muhabbat qissasining muallifi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Magrupyning {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} asaridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet beg diýer, meni göze almadyň,
Öwüt edip, belli jogap bermediň,
Özüň bildiň meni adam bilmediň,
Ak patany bergin, Ýusup soltanym

Ýusup beg diýer, bildim, arslan ekeniň,
Jahany titreden pälwan ekeniň,
Boýny ýogyn, gödek oglan ekeniň,
Barabarda ýörgün, Ahmet mürzeýim!
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet bek deydi: meni tushunmading,
Nasihat berding, ammo aniq javob bermading,
Oʻzingni oʻylab, meni inson oʻrnida koʻrmading,
Oq fotiha ber, ey sultonim Yusuf.

Yusuf bek deydi: bildim, sen arslonsan,
Jahonni larzaga keltiruvchi pahlavonsan,
Baquvvat, qoʻrqmas yigitsan,
Toʻgʻri yoʻlda yur, ey shahzoda Ahmet!
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}

=== XIX asr boshlarida ===

[[File:TM-2003-1000manat-Mollanepes-b.png|thumb|175px|Shoir [[Mollanepes]] Turkmanistonning [[yodgorlik tangasi]]da]]
XIX asr boshlarida turkman tilida ijod qilgan koʻplab shoir va nasrnavislarning paydo boʻlishi bilan ajralib turadi. Ular qatoriga lirik sheʼrlar hamda [[ilmiy fantastika]] ruhidagi asarlar muallifi Şabende, shuningdek Şabehrem, Hojaýy Berdi Han va Nejep Oglan kiradi. Ular dushmanlarga qarshi kurashda jasorat, fidoyilik va qahramonlikni madh etgan. Shoir [[Mollanepes]] {{lang|tk|Zöhre we Tahyr}} romanining muallifi boʻlib, unda [[shoh]]lar va [[saroy amaldorlari]]ning xiyonati fosh etiladi, haqiqat va muhabbatning gʻalabasi ulugʻlanadi. Şabende tomonidan yozilgan „Gül we Bilbil“ („Gul va bulbul“) sheʼri turkman adabiyotining eng sara namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Mollanepes sheʼriyati yorqin obrazlar, kuchli tasviriylik va boy til bilan ajralib turadi&lt;ref&gt;''Mollanepes va XIX asr turkman hayoti: Xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari''. Mari, 8–10 aprel 2010. Turkmaniston Fanlar akademiyasi Qoʻlyozmalar milliy instituti. Mari, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrning birinchi yarmi shoirlari — Seýdi, Zelili va Kemine ijodida ijtimoiy mavzular ustunlik qiladi. Shoir-jangchi Seýdi (1758–1830) [[Buxoro amirligi]]ga qarshi kurashgan va [[turkman qabilalari]]ni birlashib ozodlik uchun kurashishga chaqirgan. Zelili (1790–1844) [[Etrek tumani|Etrek]] turkmanlarining azob-uqubatlarini tasvirlab, ularni {{lang|tk|baýs}} (boylar), [[mulla]]lar, [[Xiva xonligi]] va [[Eron]] hukmdorlari tomonidan ezilganini koʻrsatadi. U hayotiy quvonchlarni madh etib, hukmron tabaqalarning poraxoʻrligi va shafqatsizligini fosh etgan. Xalq qoʻshiqchisi [[Mämmetweli Kemine]] (1840-yilda vafot etgan) erkin muhabbat, ona yurt mavzularida ijod qilgan hamda koʻplab kulgili qisqa hikoyalar va latifalar yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mammetweli Kemine |url=http://gollanma.com/mammetweli-kemine.html |website=Gollanma|date=7 December 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asr oʻrtalarida Dosmämmet, Aşyky, Allazy, Zynhary, Ýusup Hoja, Baýly, Allaguly va Garaoglan kabi shoirlar keng tanilgan boʻlsa-da, ularning faqat ayrim sheʼrlari bizgacha yetib kelgan. 1860-yillarda Abdysetdar Kazy [[Teke (turkman qabilasi)|Teke turkmanlari]]ning eronliklarga qarshi janglari haqida mashhur tarixiy „Jeňnama“ dostonini yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223335/http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-31|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}.

== Rossiya Turkistoni davridagi adabiyot ==
[[File:Siege of Geok Tepe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Goʻkdepe qamali]]
1880-yillarda [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi|Turkiston]] hududi [[Rossiya imperiyasi|ruslar]] tomonidan bosib olindi. Shoirlar Mätäji (1824–1884) va Misgin Gylyç (1845–1905) turkmanlarning soʻnggi tayanchi boʻlgan [[Go‘kdepe jangi|Goʻkdepe qal’asi]] himoyasini qahramonlik bilan tasvirladilar. Ular, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va ishqiy lirika ham yaratganlar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Annaguli Mataji |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/mataji.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda turkman tilidagi dastlabki bosma kitoblar paydo boʻldi. Inqilobdan oldingi Turkiston maktablarida sunʼiy „Markaziy Osiyo-chigʻatoy tili“ oʻqitilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati savodsiz edi. Zamonaviy turkman tili XX asr boshlarida, turkman tilining teke lahjasi asosida shakllana boshladi. 1913-yilda I. A. Belyaev muharrirligida birinchi ruscha-turkmancha lugʻat nashr etildi. 1915-yilda uning tahriri ostida ''Turkman tili grammatikasi'' ham chop etildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Belyayev |first1=Ivan Aleksandrovich |title=The Grammar of the Turkmen Language |date=1915 |location=Russian State Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Sovet taʼsiri ==
=== Oktyabr inqilobidan keyingi dastlabki yillar ===
XX asr boshlarida turkman adabiyotida yangi mavzular paydo boʻldi — musulmon [[ruhoniylar]]ining jaholatini tanqid qilish, eski turmush qoldiqlarini fosh etish, [[ma’rifatparvarlik falsafasi]] gʻoyalarini targʻib qilish. Bu mavzular Molla Durdi, Bechora Muhammad Qilich (1922-yilda vafot etgan) va boshqa yozuvchilar ijodida aks etgan. [[Sovet Turkmanistoni]] davrida turkman adabiyoti yangi mavzular bilan boyidi, ''shoirlar'' (''shahirlar'') hamda ilk sovet turkman yozuvchi va shoirlari ijodida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻldi. Bu jarayon [[jadidchilik]] mafkuraviy merosini yengib oʻtish va yangi sovet obrazlari, gʻoyalari hamda voqeliklarini anglash bilan kechdi.

[[Oktyabr inqilobi]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] va [[Iosif Stalin|Stalin]] hamda [[Qizil Armiya]] kurashi haqidagi ilk qoʻshiqlar Bayram va Kermolla tomonidan yaratilgan. Shoirlar Durdi Qilich (1886-yilda tugʻilgan) va Ota Solih (1908-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻz qoʻshiqlari mavzusini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdilar. Ular sotsialistik qurilish yutuqlari, jahon [[proletariat]]i gʻalabalari, [[stalinchilik]] konstitutsiyasi va [[SSSR xalqlari]] doʻstligi, kolxoz qurilishi, ozod qilingan ayollar, qahramon uchuvchilar, dushmanlarni yengish kabi mavzularda asarlar yaratdilar. Bu mavzular sovet davridagi koʻplab mashhur ''shahir''lar — Halla, Tore va Oʻroz Choʻloq ijodining asosini tashkil etdi. [[Sovet hukumati]] ularning koʻpchiligini orden va medallar bilan mukofotladi&lt;ref&gt;''Katta Sovet Ensiklopediyasi''. 2-jild. 2-nashr. 1950. 344-bet&lt;/ref&gt;.

XX asrda bir necha bor [[turkman alifbosi]]ni, avval [[arab yozuvi]] asosida boʻlgan tizimdan boshqa yozuvlarga oʻtkazish masalasi koʻtarildi. 1926-yilda [[Boku]]da oʻtkazilgan [[turkologlar]] qurultoyidan soʻng turkman yozuvi [[lotin alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi va 1940-yilgacha shu shaklda qoʻllanildi. Keyinchalik, [[SSSR]]dagi barcha turkiy respublikalarda boʻlgani kabi, yozuv ayrim qoʻshimcha harflar bilan [[kirill alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi. 1993-yilda Turkmaniston yana lotin yozuviga qaytdi, biroq mamlakat tashqarisidagi turkmanlar hanuz arab yozuvidan foydalanib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;Soyegov, M. [http://www.akademikbakis.org/eskisite/35/22.pdf ''Yangi turkman alifbosi: uning ishlab chiqilishi va qabul qilinishi masalalari'']&lt;/ref&gt;.

Birinchi sovet turkman shoiri Molla Murt (1879–1930) [[sotsialistik inqilob]]ning dastlabki kunlaridanoq oʻz sheʼrlarida [[sotsializm]]ni xalq uchun sodda va tushunarli tilda madh etgan. Birinchi sovet turkman nasrnavisi Ogʻaxon Durdiyev (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻzining „Orzular dengizida“, „Zarbdorlar toʻlqini“, „Meret“, „Gurban“, „Oltin burgut changalida goʻzal“ kabi asarlarida [[Qoraqum cho‘li]]dagi qurilishlar, Sharq ayollarini ozod qilish muammolari haqida yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Og‘axon Durdiyew |url=http://gollanma.com/agahan-durdyyew.html |website=Gollanma|date=8 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sotsialistik qurilish romantikasi boshqa turkman yozuvchilari ijodida ham oʻz aksini topdi. Jumladan, Durdi Agamammedov (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) „Sona kolxoz hayoti“, „Oktyabr oʻgʻli“ kabi asarlari bilan mashhur; Beki Seytakov (1914-yilda tugʻilgan) hazil-mutoyiba ruhidagi sheʼrlari, „Akjagul hikoyalari“, „Kommunar“ asarlari va „Olov ichida“ dostoni bilan tanilgan; [[Alty Garliyev]] „Paxta“, „Annagul“, „Ayna“ (1916) pyesalari muallifi; ilk turkman ayol dramaturg va shoir [[To‘vshan Esenova]] (1915-yilda tugʻilgan) esa „Millionerning qizi“ komediyasi hamda „Poʻlat qizlar“, „Lina“ sheʼrlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref&gt;Sidelnikova L. M. ''Sovet shoirasi yoʻli''. Ashxobod, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Berdi Kerbabayev ===
[[File:Berdy Kerbabayev.jpg|thumb|right|Sovet turkman yozuvchisi [[Berdi Kerbabayev]]]]
Sovet turkman yozuvchilari orasida eng yirik shaxslardan biri — Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi, [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] Berdi Kerbabayev (1894-yilda tugʻilgan) hisoblanadi. U 1920-yillarda satirik shoir sifatida ijodini boshlagan. „Qizlar olami“ (1927) va „Mustahkamlangan, yoki Odat qurboni“ (1928) sheʼrlarida u sovet axloqiy meʼyorlarini oʻrnatish va eski urf-odat qoldiqlaridan xalos boʻlish gʻoyalarini ilgari surgan. Birinchi turkman inqilobiy tarixiy romani — ''Hal qiluvchi qadam'' (1947) uchun u 1948-yilda SSSR Davlat mukofoti laureati unvoniga sazovor boʻlgan.

[[Ulug‘ Vatan urushi]] yillarida „Gurban Durdy“ (1942) hikoyasi, „Oylar“ (1943) dostoni hamda ''Birodarlar'' (1943) va ''Mahtumquli'' (1943) pyesalari yozilgan. 1942–1950-yillarda u Turkmaniston Yozuvchilar uyushmasi raisi boʻlgan. Urushdan keyin Kerbabayevning kolxoz qishlogʻi hayotiga bagʻishlangan asarlari chop etildi: „Oq oltin yurti Aysoʻltan“ (1949, 1951-yil SSSR Davlat mukofoti), neftchilar hayotiga oid ''Nebit-Dag'' (1957) romani hamda turkman inqilobchisi K. Atabayev haqida ''Moʻjizaviy tugʻilish'' (1965) tarixiy romani shular jumlasidandir. Kerbabayev shuningdek rus va sovet shoirlari hamda yozuvchilarining asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilish bilan ham shugʻullangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1108262344|title=Kerbabayev Berdi Muradovich (rus tilida)|publisher=ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=A. Kerbabayeva|url=http://www.velykoross.ru/journals_pdfs/0/7.pdf|title=Hayot — uy kabi: uning poydevori chuqur va mustahkam bo‘lishi kerak! (rus tilida)|publisher=Великороссъ}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

SSSR davrida ijodi keng ochilgan koʻplab shoir va yozuvchilar ham mavjud edi: Kemal Ishanov, Saryhanov, Ata Govshudov&lt;ref&gt;A. Aborskiy, Ata Govshudov. ''Hayoti va ijodi haqida ocherk'' (rus tilida), Ashxobod, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt;, Meret Qilichov, Pomma-Nur Berdiev, Chari Guliyev, Monton Janmyradov, Ahmet Ahundov-Gurgenli, Seyidov, Hemrayev va boshqalar. Umuman olganda, 1920–1990-yillar turkman adabiyoti sovet madaniyati doirasida rivojlanib, turkman xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan [[sotsialistik realizm]] obrazlarini oʻzlashtirdi.

Sovet davrining muhim yutuqlaridan biri — sovet tarixchilari va tilshunoslari olib borgan katta ilmiy tadqiqotlar boʻlib, ular XV–XVI asrlarga oid eng qadimgi turkman adabiy manbalarini aniqlagan va oʻrgangan.

== Mustaqillikdan keyin ==
1990-yillarda Turkmaniston mustaqilligi eʼlon qilingach, turkman adabiyoti yangi yoʻnalishlarni aks ettira boshladi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuwakow |first1=M |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining asosiy muammolari (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Magtymguly nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti |location=Ashxobod |pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining hozirgi holatini va rivojlanish yoʻllarini toʻliq yoritish hamda bugungi shoir va yozuvchilar ijodi haqida umumiy xulosa berish murakkab. Har bir ijodkor voqelikni oʻzicha idrok etadi, oʻz mavzusi va uslubiga ega.

Agageldi Allanazarovning ''Muhr'' romani qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, turkman xalqining anʼanalari va axloqiy asoslarini yoritadi&lt;ref&gt;Allanazarow A. ''Muhr''. Ashxobod, 2007. 1–192-betlar.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hudayberdi Diwanguliyevning ''Yekagachga qaytish'' asari esa qahramonlarning murakkab vaziyatlarda bilim va tajribasi orqali sharaf bilan chiqib ketishini tasvirlaydi. Asar optimistik ruhda boʻlib, ilmiy bilimlar orqali dunyoni anglash va jamiyatni birlashtirish gʻoyasini ilgari suradi.

Komek Guliyev ijodiga mansub „Har bir ertakning oʻz yakuni bor“ hikoyasi yumshoq hazil, inson psixologiyasini chuqur bilish va qahramonlar xarakterini toʻliq ochib berish uslubi bilan ajralib turadi.

Atamyrat Atabayev sheʼrlari va ruboiylari mamlakat kelajagiga nisbatan chuqur tashvish va mehr bilan yoʻgʻrilgan boʻlib, yangi mustaqil va betaraf Turkmaniston sharoitida insonlar oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar haqida falsafiy mulohazalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ularda vatanga muhabbat, tarixga hurmat va ajdodlar jasoratiga ehtirom yaqqol seziladi.

Bugungi kunda Orazguly Annayev, Gurbanyaz Dashgynov, Gurbannazar Orazgulyyev kabi koʻplab zamonaviy shoir va yozuvchilar mavjud boʻlib, ularning ijodi nafaqat Turkmanistonda, balki [[post-sovet davlatlari]]da ham mashhurdir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agaliyev |first1=K |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti haqida |url=http://www.sibogni.ru/content/o-sovremennoy-turkmenskoy-literature |website=Siberian Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Turkman xalqi]]
* [[Turkman tili]]
* [[Turkman madaniyati]]
* [[Mahtumquli Pyragy]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* {{Cite web |title=TURKMAN ADABIYOTI |url=https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/TURKMENSKAYA_LITERATURA.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.krugosvet.ru |language=ru}}
* {{Cite web |title=XX asr turkman adabiyoti tarixi |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/118/read |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.kitaphana.net}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heownQAACAAJ |title=Turkman sovet adabiyoti tarixi ocherki |date=1980 |publisher=Nauka |language=ru}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skosirev |first=Petr Georgievich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCZWzQEACAAJ |title=Turkman adabiyoti: rivojlanish ocherki |date=1945 |publisher=Sovet yozuvchisi |language=ru}}


[[Category:Turkman tili]]
[[Category:Turkman xalq madaniyati]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="27601" sha1="4592q2aj5g6ctst8pxuyttsksy5szy1" xml:space="preserve">'''Turkman adabiyoti''' ({{langx|tk|Türkmen edebiýaty}}) ogʻzaki ijod namunalarini va qadimgi [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz turkiy tillari]] hamda [[turkman tili]]da yozilgan matnlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Turkman xalqi(Turkmanlar) — [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning bevosita avlodlari boʻlib, ular gʻarbiy [[turkiy xalqlar]]dan biri hisoblanadi va [[turkiy tillar|turkiy tillar oilasi]]ning [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz tarmogʻi]]ni shakllantirgan.

Umumiy turkiy adabiyot tarixi qariyb 1300 yilni oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVb%20silk%20road_oral%20tradition%20and%20the%20literary%20heritage.pdfwebsite=https://en.unesco.org/|title=Ipak yo‘llari dasturi|access-date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eng qadimgi yozma [[turkiy tillar|turkiy]] yodgorliklar [[run yozuvi]]dagi bitiklarda uchraydi, ulardan eng mashhurlari VII asrga oid [[Orxon yozuvi|Orxon bitiklari]]dir. Keyinchalik, IX–XI asrlar oraligʻida Markaziy Osiyodagi [[ko‘chmanchi]] [[turkiy xalqlar]] orasida [[og‘zaki adabiyot|ogʻzaki]] [[epik she’riyat]] anʼanalari shakllandi. Bular qatoriga [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning (zamonaviy [[turk xalqi|turklar]], [[turkman xalqi|turkmanlar]] va [[ozarbayjon xalqi|ozarbayjonlar]]ning til va madaniy ajdodlari) ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' hamda [[qirg‘iz xalqi]]ning ''[[Manas dostoni]]'' kiradi.

[[Manzikert jangi]]dan soʻng, oʻgʻuz turklari XI asrdan boshlab [[Anadolu]] hududiga joylashdilar. Ularning avvalgi ogʻzaki anʼanalari bilan bir qatorda, arab va [[fors adabiyoti]] taʼsiri ostida yozma adabiy anʼana ham shakllandi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Babyr |title=Devon |date=2004 |publisher=Miras |location=Ashgabat |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Turkman adabiyotining dastlabki rivoji oʻgʻuz turklari adabiyoti bilan chambarchas bogʻliq&lt;ref name=&quot;Johanson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Johanson |first=L. |editor-first1=Keith |editor-last1=Brown |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last2=Ogilvie|title=Jahon tillari qisqacha ensiklopediyasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA111|pages=110–113 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|date=6 April 2010|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanlar oʻgʻuz turkiy kelib chiqishga ega boshqa xalqlar, ayniqsa [[Ozarbayjon]] va [[Turkiya]] bilan birgalikda qadimgi oʻgʻuz va [[fors tili]]da (XI–XII asrlarda [[Saljuqiylar]] tomonidan) yozilgan bir qator adabiy asarlarga umumiy daʼvogarlik qiladilar. Bu asarlar qatoriga ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'', ''[[Ko‘ro‘g‘li dostoni]]'', „[[Layli va Majnun]]“ va „[[Yusuf va Zulayho]]“ kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |pages=29, 39, 198, 231}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shunga qaramay, zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti XVIII asrda [[she’riyat]] va [[Magtymguly Pyragy]] ijodi bilan boshlangan degan umumiy fikr mavjud. U turkman adabiyotining otasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkmaniston madaniyati |url=https://asian-recipe.com/turkmenistan-culture-3481 |website=Asian recipe|date=9 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shu davrning boshqa mashhur turkman shoirlari qatoriga [[Döwletmämmet Azady]] (Magtymgulining otasi), Nurmuhammet Andalyp, Abdylla Şabende, Şeýdaýy, Mahmyt Gaýyby va Gurbanally Magrupy kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurmuhammet Andalyp |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/andalyp.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:Kitab-ı Dede Korkut ala-lisan-i Ta'ife-i Oğuzhan, Dresden.jpg|thumb|right|120px|&quot;Dada Qoʻrqut kitobi&quot;ning Drezden qoʻlyozmasi]]
Turkman adabiyoti barcha turkiy xalqlar uchun umumiy boʻlgan eng qadimgi turkiy adabiyot bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Turk sheʼriyatining eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan baʼzilari milodiy VI asrga borib taqaladi va ular [[uyg‘ur tili]]da yaratilgan. [[Uyg‘ur turkiy tili]] yozuvchilariga mansub ayrim dastlabki sheʼrlar faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimalar orqali saqlanib qolgan. [[Og‘zaki she’riyat]] davrida ilk turkiy sheʼrlar qoʻshiq sifatida yaratilgan boʻlib, ularni ijro etish jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayoti va koʻngilochar faoliyatining muhim qismi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talat |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uzun epik asarlar ichida faqat [[O‘g‘uznoma]] toʻliq holda saqlanib qolgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' oʻz ildizlarini X asr sheʼriyatidan olgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u XV asrgacha ogʻzaki anʼana sifatida mavjud boʻlgan. Dastlabki yozma asarlar — ''[[Qutadg‘u bilig]]'' va ''[[Devonu lug‘otit turk]]'' — XI asrning ikkinchi yarmiga mansub boʻlib, turkiy adabiyotning eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;A Millenium of Turkish Literature&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |page=viii}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Oʻgʻuz turkiy ([[Turkoman (etnonim)|turkman]]) adabiyotining eng muhim namoyandalaridan biri XIII asr [[sufiylik|sufiy]] shoiri [[Yunus Emre]] hisoblanadi. Turkman adabiyotining „oltin davri“ X asrdan XVII asrgacha davom etgan deb hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining shakllanishi ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1989 CPA 6091 stamp (Koroghlu, Azerbaijan epic poem. A. Gadzhiev).jpg|thumb|left|175px|A. Hajiyev tomonidan tasvirlangan Goʻroʻgʻli]]
Yozma adabiyotda zamonaviy turkman tiliga yaqin shaklning ilk qoʻllanishi XV–XVI asrlarga toʻgʻri keladi. Zamonaviy turkman tiliga xos unsurlar umumiy turkiy adabiyotdagi [[chig‘atoy tili]]da yozilgan asarlarda ham uchraydi. Chigʻatoy tilining turkman adabiyotiga taʼsiri keyingi davrlarda ham sezilarli boʻlib qolgan. Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining eng qadimgi namunalariga [[Xuroson viloyati|Xuroson]] turkmanlaridan boʻlgan Vafayi tomonidan yozilgan diniy-axloqiy asar ''Islom nuri'' ({{lang|tk|Rownak-ul-Islam}}, 1464), XVI asrga oid [[Bairam Khan]] sheʼrlari hamda [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]]ning ''[[Turkmanlar nasabnomasi]]'' (XVII asr) kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Milliy taqvim (turkman tilida) |url=http://www.turkmensahra.org/turkmen/arhiw/akmyrad/kronology.php |website=Turkmen Sahra}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda qayd etilgan anonim romanlar — {{lang|tk|[[Asli va Kerem|Asly Kerem]]}}, {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}}, {{lang|tk|[[Go‘ro‘g‘li dostoni|Görogly]]}}, {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}}, {{lang|tk|Ibrahim}}, {{lang|tk|Edehem}}, {{lang|tk|Zeýnal-Arap}}, {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}} va boshqalar — tili va mazmuni tahliliga koʻra, aslida XV–XVII asrlarda yaratilgan. Ular Sharqda keng tarqalgan „sayyor syujetlar“ asosida tuzilgan boʻlib, sevgi gʻalabasi, qahramonlarning jasorati va mardligini madh etadi. Qahramonlar toʻsiqlarni yengib, yovuz kuchlarga qarshi kurashadi; bu kuchlar koʻpincha [[dev (mifologiya)|devlar]], [[jin]]lar, [[pari]]lar kabi fantastik mavjudotlar orqali ifodalanadi. Ushbu mavjudotlar {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Saýatly Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Görogly}} va {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}} kabi asarlarda qahramonlarga murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda yordam beradi. {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}} va boshqa asarlar esa [[Islom]] vakillari, xususan [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]] va uning izdoshlarining „[ [kofirlar]] ]“ga qarshi kurashini tasvirlaydi. Ushbu romanlarning badiiy shakliga xos jihat — [[nasr]] va sheʼriy parchalar almashinib kelishidir&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, pp. 163-170&lt;/ref&gt;.

Saqlanib qolgan turkman [[folklor]]i — [[ertak]]lar, [[qo‘shiq]]lar, [[latifa]]lar, [[maqol]]lar, [[matallar]], [[tez aytish]]lar va boshqalar — nafaqat aslzoda qahramonlarni, balki oddiy xalq vakillarini ham oʻz ichiga oladi: {{lang|tk|Aldar Köse}}, {{lang|tk|Kelje}}, {{lang|tk|Dälije}}, {{lang|tk|Aklamyh gyzlary}}, {{lang|tk|Gara atly gyz}} va boshqalar. Ular mehnatsevarlik, chaqqonlik, topqirlik va jasorat tufayli murakkab vaziyatlarda gʻalaba qozonadi. Turkmanistonda adabiy jarayonning ajralmas qismi doimo xalq orasidan chiqqan badihagoʻy shoir — ''shahir'' (''şahyr'') boʻlib kelgan; ular odatda savodsiz boʻlishgan&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, p. 164&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ertegi.ru/index.php?id=11|title=Qozog‘iston xalq ertaklari &amp;#124; Aldar Ko‘se haqidagi ertaklar|website=www.ertegi.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Mahtumquli Pyragy ===
{{Main|Mahtumquli Pyragy}}
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Mahtumquli Pyragy]] — keng bilimga ega shoir va faylasuf, Azadyning oʻgʻli boʻlib, turkman adabiyotida tub burilish yasagan shaxs hisoblanadi. U adabiy asarlar mavzusini kengaytirib, milliy til va butun xalq muammolariga murojaat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilar uning qariyb 800 ga yaqin sheʼr yozganini taʼkidlaydilar, biroq ularning bir qismi soxta (apokrif) boʻlishi mumkin. Asarlarining katta qismi ''goshgy'' (xalq qoʻshiqlari) shaklida yozilgan, ayrimlari esa shaxsiy ''gʻazal'' tarzida boʻlib, ularda soʻfiylik unsurlari ham mavjud. XIX asrda Mahtumquli sheʼrlari yozma shaklda emas, balki ogʻzaki tarzda Markaziy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalib, [[qoraqalpoqlar]], [[tojiklar]] va [[kurdlar]] orasida ham mashhurlikka erishgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkman adabiyoti |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Turkmen-literature |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning 300 dan ortiq saqlanib qolgan sheʼrlarida oʻz davrida maʼlum boʻlgan deyarli barcha mamlakatlar, fanlar va adabiy manbalarga murojaatlar uchraydi. U urugʻ va qabila chegaralaridan chiqib, butun turkman xalqining birlashuv orzusini ifoda etgan. U [[xalq tili]]dan foydalangan boʻlib, uning koʻplab misralari xalq maqollari va matallariga aylangan. Davr ziddiyatlarini ochiq ifodalashi, chuqur samimiyligi va yuqori badiiy saviyasi uning asarlarini boshqa shoirlar uchun namuna qilib qoʻydi hamda keyingi avlod adiblari tomonidan keng taqlid qilindi.

Mahtumqulining toʻplangan asarlari koʻplab turkmanlar tomonidan turkman adabiyotining eng yuksak choʻqqisi sifatida baholanadi. Uning sheʼrlari turkman tilida soʻzlashuvchi hududlardagi koʻplab oilalarda uchraydi, yod olinadi va kundalik nutqda maqol va hikmat sifatida qoʻllanadi. Uning hayoti va ijodi koʻplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va talqinlar mavzusiga aylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ashyrov |first1=Annagurban |title=Magtymguly qo‘lyozmalarining tahlili (turkman tilida) |date=2014 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat nashriyot xizmati |location=Ashxobod |pages=9–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Mahtumqulining {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (''Ayrildim'') sheʼridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Aýryldym gunça gülümden.
Syýa saçly sünbülimden,
Hoş owazly bilbilimden,
Şirin güftardan aýryldym.

Illeri bar diňli-diňli,
Sowuk suwly, ter öleňli,
Ili — gökleň, ady — Meňli,
Näzli dildardan aýryldym.

Magtymguly, aşyk mestan,
Bagladym şanyna destan,
Menzilgähi bagy-bostan.
Almaly nardan aýryldym.&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Men oʻz gʻunchagulimdan ayrildim,
Qora sochli goʻzalimdan,
Yoqqimli ovozli bulbulimdan,
Shirin soʻzli yorimdan ayrildim.

Uning yurtlari minorali,
Sovuq suvli, yam-yashil yaylovli,
Eli — Goʻklen, nomi — Meňli,
Nozik dilbarimdan ayrildim.

Mahtumquli, ishq masti,
Senga bagʻishlab doston bitdim,
Uning maskani bogʻu boʻston,
Olmali-anorli diyordan ayrildim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aýryldym |url=https://www.turkmenkultur.de/ayryldym/ |website=Türkmen kultur ojagynyň internet sahypasy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}
=== Şeýdaýy, Magrupy va boshqalar ===
XVIII asr oxirida, [[chig‘atoy tili]] taʼsiri saqlanib qolgan holda, yozma turkman tili bilan soʻzlashuv tilining yaqinlashuvi boshlandi. XVIII asr oxiri — XIX asr boshlaridagi ijodiy sheʼriyat Şeýdaýy ({{lang|tk|Gül we Senuwer}} nomli [[fantastik roman]] va [[lirik she’rlar]] muallifi) hamda 400 ta sheʼr toʻplami bilan tanilgan Gaýyby kabi ijodkorlar nomi bilan bogʻliq. Yozuvchi Magrupy esa qahramonlik ruhidagi {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} romani va „Seýfel Melek“ muhabbat qissasining muallifi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Magrupyning {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} asaridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet beg diýer, meni göze almadyň,
Öwüt edip, belli jogap bermediň,
Özüň bildiň meni adam bilmediň,
Ak patany bergin, Ýusup soltanym

Ýusup beg diýer, bildim, arslan ekeniň,
Jahany titreden pälwan ekeniň,
Boýny ýogyn, gödek oglan ekeniň,
Barabarda ýörgün, Ahmet mürzeýim!
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet bek deydi: meni tushunmading,
Nasihat berding, ammo aniq javob bermading,
Oʻzingni oʻylab, meni inson oʻrnida koʻrmading,
Oq fotiha ber, ey sultonim Yusuf.

Yusuf bek deydi: bildim, sen arslonsan,
Jahonni larzaga keltiruvchi pahlavonsan,
Baquvvat, qoʻrqmas yigitsan,
Toʻgʻri yoʻlda yur, ey shahzoda Ahmet!
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}

=== XIX asr boshlarida ===

[[File:TM-2003-1000manat-Mollanepes-b.png|thumb|175px|Shoir [[Mollanepes]] Turkmanistonning [[yodgorlik tangasi]]da]]
XIX asr boshlarida turkman tilida ijod qilgan koʻplab shoir va nasrnavislarning paydo boʻlishi bilan ajralib turadi. Ular qatoriga lirik sheʼrlar hamda [[ilmiy fantastika]] ruhidagi asarlar muallifi Şabende, shuningdek Şabehrem, Hojaýy Berdi Han va Nejep Oglan kiradi. Ular dushmanlarga qarshi kurashda jasorat, fidoyilik va qahramonlikni madh etgan. Shoir [[Mollanepes]] {{lang|tk|Zöhre we Tahyr}} romanining muallifi boʻlib, unda [[shoh]]lar va [[saroy amaldorlari]]ning xiyonati fosh etiladi, haqiqat va muhabbatning gʻalabasi ulugʻlanadi. Şabende tomonidan yozilgan „Gül we Bilbil“ („Gul va bulbul“) sheʼri turkman adabiyotining eng sara namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Mollanepes sheʼriyati yorqin obrazlar, kuchli tasviriylik va boy til bilan ajralib turadi&lt;ref&gt;''Mollanepes va XIX asr turkman hayoti: Xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari''. Mari, 8–10 aprel 2010. Turkmaniston Fanlar akademiyasi Qoʻlyozmalar milliy instituti. Mari, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrning birinchi yarmi shoirlari — Seýdi, Zelili va Kemine ijodida ijtimoiy mavzular ustunlik qiladi. Shoir-jangchi Seýdi (1758–1830) [[Buxoro amirligi]]ga qarshi kurashgan va [[turkman qabilalari]]ni birlashib ozodlik uchun kurashishga chaqirgan. Zelili (1790–1844) [[Etrek tumani|Etrek]] turkmanlarining azob-uqubatlarini tasvirlab, ularni {{lang|tk|baýs}} (boylar), [[mulla]]lar, [[Xiva xonligi]] va [[Eron]] hukmdorlari tomonidan ezilganini koʻrsatadi. U hayotiy quvonchlarni madh etib, hukmron tabaqalarning poraxoʻrligi va shafqatsizligini fosh etgan. Xalq qoʻshiqchisi [[Mämmetweli Kemine]] (1840-yilda vafot etgan) erkin muhabbat, ona yurt mavzularida ijod qilgan hamda koʻplab kulgili qisqa hikoyalar va latifalar yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mammetweli Kemine |url=http://gollanma.com/mammetweli-kemine.html |website=Gollanma|date=7 December 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asr oʻrtalarida Dosmämmet, Aşyky, Allazy, Zynhary, Ýusup Hoja, Baýly, Allaguly va Garaoglan kabi shoirlar keng tanilgan boʻlsa-da, ularning faqat ayrim sheʼrlari bizgacha yetib kelgan. 1860-yillarda Abdysetdar Kazy [[Teke (turkman qabilasi)|Teke turkmanlari]]ning eronliklarga qarshi janglari haqida mashhur tarixiy „Jeňnama“ dostonini yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223335/http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-31|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}.

== Rossiya Turkistoni davridagi adabiyot ==
[[File:Siege of Geok Tepe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Goʻkdepe qamali]]
1880-yillarda [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi|Turkiston]] hududi [[Rossiya imperiyasi|ruslar]] tomonidan bosib olindi. Shoirlar Mätäji (1824–1884) va Misgin Gylyç (1845–1905) turkmanlarning soʻnggi tayanchi boʻlgan [[Go‘kdepe jangi|Goʻkdepe qal’asi]] himoyasini qahramonlik bilan tasvirladilar. Ular, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va ishqiy lirika ham yaratganlar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Annaguli Mataji |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/mataji.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda turkman tilidagi dastlabki bosma kitoblar paydo boʻldi. Inqilobdan oldingi Turkiston maktablarida sunʼiy „Markaziy Osiyo-chigʻatoy tili“ oʻqitilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati savodsiz edi. Zamonaviy turkman tili XX asr boshlarida, turkman tilining teke lahjasi asosida shakllana boshladi. 1913-yilda I. A. Belyaev muharrirligida birinchi ruscha-turkmancha lugʻat nashr etildi. 1915-yilda uning tahriri ostida ''Turkman tili grammatikasi'' ham chop etildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Belyayev |first1=Ivan Aleksandrovich |title=The Grammar of the Turkmen Language |date=1915 |location=Russian State Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Sovet taʼsiri ==
=== Oktyabr inqilobidan keyingi dastlabki yillar ===
XX asr boshlarida turkman adabiyotida yangi mavzular paydo boʻldi — musulmon [[ruhoniylar]]ining jaholatini tanqid qilish, eski turmush qoldiqlarini fosh etish, [[ma’rifatparvarlik falsafasi]] gʻoyalarini targʻib qilish. Bu mavzular Molla Durdi, Bechora Muhammad Qilich (1922-yilda vafot etgan) va boshqa yozuvchilar ijodida aks etgan. [[Sovet Turkmanistoni]] davrida turkman adabiyoti yangi mavzular bilan boyidi, ''shoirlar'' (''shahirlar'') hamda ilk sovet turkman yozuvchi va shoirlari ijodida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻldi. Bu jarayon [[jadidchilik]] mafkuraviy merosini yengib oʻtish va yangi sovet obrazlari, gʻoyalari hamda voqeliklarini anglash bilan kechdi.

[[Oktyabr inqilobi]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] va [[Iosif Stalin|Stalin]] hamda [[Qizil Armiya]] kurashi haqidagi ilk qoʻshiqlar Bayram va Kermolla tomonidan yaratilgan. Shoirlar Durdi Qilich (1886-yilda tugʻilgan) va Ota Solih (1908-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻz qoʻshiqlari mavzusini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdilar. Ular sotsialistik qurilish yutuqlari, jahon [[proletariat]]i gʻalabalari, [[stalinchilik]] konstitutsiyasi va [[SSSR xalqlari]] doʻstligi, kolxoz qurilishi, ozod qilingan ayollar, qahramon uchuvchilar, dushmanlarni yengish kabi mavzularda asarlar yaratdilar. Bu mavzular sovet davridagi koʻplab mashhur ''shahir''lar — Halla, Tore va Oʻroz Choʻloq ijodining asosini tashkil etdi. [[Sovet hukumati]] ularning koʻpchiligini orden va medallar bilan mukofotladi&lt;ref&gt;''Katta Sovet Ensiklopediyasi''. 2-jild. 2-nashr. 1950. 344-bet&lt;/ref&gt;.

XX asrda bir necha bor [[turkman alifbosi]]ni, avval [[arab yozuvi]] asosida boʻlgan tizimdan boshqa yozuvlarga oʻtkazish masalasi koʻtarildi. 1926-yilda [[Boku]]da oʻtkazilgan [[turkologlar]] qurultoyidan soʻng turkman yozuvi [[lotin alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi va 1940-yilgacha shu shaklda qoʻllanildi. Keyinchalik, [[SSSR]]dagi barcha turkiy respublikalarda boʻlgani kabi, yozuv ayrim qoʻshimcha harflar bilan [[kirill alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi. 1993-yilda Turkmaniston yana lotin yozuviga qaytdi, biroq mamlakat tashqarisidagi turkmanlar hanuz arab yozuvidan foydalanib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;Soyegov, M. [http://www.akademikbakis.org/eskisite/35/22.pdf ''Yangi turkman alifbosi: uning ishlab chiqilishi va qabul qilinishi masalalari'']&lt;/ref&gt;.

Birinchi sovet turkman shoiri Molla Murt (1879–1930) [[sotsialistik inqilob]]ning dastlabki kunlaridanoq oʻz sheʼrlarida [[sotsializm]]ni xalq uchun sodda va tushunarli tilda madh etgan. Birinchi sovet turkman nasrnavisi Ogʻaxon Durdiyev (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻzining „Orzular dengizida“, „Zarbdorlar toʻlqini“, „Meret“, „Gurban“, „Oltin burgut changalida goʻzal“ kabi asarlarida [[Qoraqum cho‘li]]dagi qurilishlar, Sharq ayollarini ozod qilish muammolari haqida yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Og‘axon Durdiyew |url=http://gollanma.com/agahan-durdyyew.html |website=Gollanma|date=8 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sotsialistik qurilish romantikasi boshqa turkman yozuvchilari ijodida ham oʻz aksini topdi. Jumladan, Durdi Agamammedov (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) „Sona kolxoz hayoti“, „Oktyabr oʻgʻli“ kabi asarlari bilan mashhur; Beki Seytakov (1914-yilda tugʻilgan) hazil-mutoyiba ruhidagi sheʼrlari, „Akjagul hikoyalari“, „Kommunar“ asarlari va „Olov ichida“ dostoni bilan tanilgan; [[Alty Garliyev]] „Paxta“, „Annagul“, „Ayna“ (1916) pyesalari muallifi; ilk turkman ayol dramaturg va shoir [[To‘vshan Esenova]] (1915-yilda tugʻilgan) esa „Millionerning qizi“ komediyasi hamda „Poʻlat qizlar“, „Lina“ sheʼrlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref&gt;Sidelnikova L. M. ''Sovet shoirasi yoʻli''. Ashxobod, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Berdi Kerbabayev ===
[[File:Berdy Kerbabayev.jpg|thumb|right|Sovet turkman yozuvchisi [[Berdi Kerbabayev]]]]
Sovet turkman yozuvchilari orasida eng yirik shaxslardan biri — Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi, [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] Berdi Kerbabayev (1894-yilda tugʻilgan) hisoblanadi. U 1920-yillarda satirik shoir sifatida ijodini boshlagan. „Qizlar olami“ (1927) va „Mustahkamlangan, yoki Odat qurboni“ (1928) sheʼrlarida u sovet axloqiy meʼyorlarini oʻrnatish va eski urf-odat qoldiqlaridan xalos boʻlish gʻoyalarini ilgari surgan. Birinchi turkman inqilobiy tarixiy romani — ''Hal qiluvchi qadam'' (1947) uchun u 1948-yilda SSSR Davlat mukofoti laureati unvoniga sazovor boʻlgan.

[[Ulug‘ Vatan urushi]] yillarida „Gurban Durdy“ (1942) hikoyasi, „Oylar“ (1943) dostoni hamda ''Birodarlar'' (1943) va ''Mahtumquli'' (1943) pyesalari yozilgan. 1942–1950-yillarda u Turkmaniston Yozuvchilar uyushmasi raisi boʻlgan. Urushdan keyin Kerbabayevning kolxoz qishlogʻi hayotiga bagʻishlangan asarlari chop etildi: „Oq oltin yurti Aysoʻltan“ (1949, 1951-yil SSSR Davlat mukofoti), neftchilar hayotiga oid ''Nebit-Dag'' (1957) romani hamda turkman inqilobchisi K. Atabayev haqida ''Moʻjizaviy tugʻilish'' (1965) tarixiy romani shular jumlasidandir. Kerbabayev shuningdek rus va sovet shoirlari hamda yozuvchilarining asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilish bilan ham shugʻullangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1108262344|title=Kerbabayev Berdi Muradovich (rus tilida)|publisher=ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=A. Kerbabayeva|url=http://www.velykoross.ru/journals_pdfs/0/7.pdf|title=Hayot — uy kabi: uning poydevori chuqur va mustahkam bo‘lishi kerak! (rus tilida)|publisher=Великороссъ}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

SSSR davrida ijodi keng ochilgan koʻplab shoir va yozuvchilar ham mavjud edi: Kemal Ishanov, Saryhanov, Ata Govshudov&lt;ref&gt;A. Aborskiy, Ata Govshudov. ''Hayoti va ijodi haqida ocherk'' (rus tilida), Ashxobod, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt;, Meret Qilichov, Pomma-Nur Berdiev, Chari Guliyev, Monton Janmyradov, Ahmet Ahundov-Gurgenli, Seyidov, Hemrayev va boshqalar. Umuman olganda, 1920–1990-yillar turkman adabiyoti sovet madaniyati doirasida rivojlanib, turkman xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan [[sotsialistik realizm]] obrazlarini oʻzlashtirdi.

Sovet davrining muhim yutuqlaridan biri — sovet tarixchilari va tilshunoslari olib borgan katta ilmiy tadqiqotlar boʻlib, ular XV–XVI asrlarga oid eng qadimgi turkman adabiy manbalarini aniqlagan va oʻrgangan.

== Mustaqillikdan keyin ==
1990-yillarda Turkmaniston mustaqilligi eʼlon qilingach, turkman adabiyoti yangi yoʻnalishlarni aks ettira boshladi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuwakow |first1=M |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining asosiy muammolari (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Magtymguly nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti |location=Ashxobod |pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining hozirgi holatini va rivojlanish yoʻllarini toʻliq yoritish hamda bugungi shoir va yozuvchilar ijodi haqida umumiy xulosa berish murakkab. Har bir ijodkor voqelikni oʻzicha idrok etadi, oʻz mavzusi va uslubiga ega.

Agageldi Allanazarovning ''Muhr'' romani qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, turkman xalqining anʼanalari va axloqiy asoslarini yoritadi&lt;ref&gt;Allanazarow A. ''Muhr''. Ashxobod, 2007. 1–192-betlar.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hudayberdi Diwanguliyevning ''Yekagachga qaytish'' asari esa qahramonlarning murakkab vaziyatlarda bilim va tajribasi orqali sharaf bilan chiqib ketishini tasvirlaydi. Asar optimistik ruhda boʻlib, ilmiy bilimlar orqali dunyoni anglash va jamiyatni birlashtirish gʻoyasini ilgari suradi.

Komek Guliyev ijodiga mansub „Har bir ertakning oʻz yakuni bor“ hikoyasi yumshoq hazil, inson psixologiyasini chuqur bilish va qahramonlar xarakterini toʻliq ochib berish uslubi bilan ajralib turadi.

Atamyrat Atabayev sheʼrlari va ruboiylari mamlakat kelajagiga nisbatan chuqur tashvish va mehr bilan yoʻgʻrilgan boʻlib, yangi mustaqil va betaraf Turkmaniston sharoitida insonlar oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar haqida falsafiy mulohazalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ularda vatanga muhabbat, tarixga hurmat va ajdodlar jasoratiga ehtirom yaqqol seziladi.

Bugungi kunda Orazguly Annayev, Gurbanyaz Dashgynov, Gurbannazar Orazgulyyev kabi koʻplab zamonaviy shoir va yozuvchilar mavjud boʻlib, ularning ijodi nafaqat Turkmanistonda, balki [[post-sovet davlatlari]]da ham mashhurdir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agaliyev |first1=K |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti haqida |url=http://www.sibogni.ru/content/o-sovremennoy-turkmenskoy-literature |website=Siberian Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Turkman xalqi]]
* [[Turkman tili]]
* [[Turkman madaniyati]]
* [[Mahtumquli Pyragy]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* {{Cite web |title=TURKMAN ADABIYOTI |url=https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/TURKMENSKAYA_LITERATURA.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.krugosvet.ru |language=ru}}
* {{Cite web |title=XX asr turkman adabiyoti tarixi |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/118/read |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.kitaphana.net}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heownQAACAAJ |title=Turkman sovet adabiyoti tarixi ocherki |date=1980 |publisher=Nauka |language=ru}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skosirev |first=Petr Georgievich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCZWzQEACAAJ |title=Turkman adabiyoti: rivojlanish ocherki |date=1945 |publisher=Sovet yozuvchisi |language=ru}}


[[Category:Turkman tili]]
[[Category:Turkman xalq madaniyati]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Adabiyot]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="27621" sha1="ftb7fbp8on2anyzq5f9tnejd2i8o33t" xml:space="preserve">'''Turkman adabiyoti''' ({{langx|tk|Türkmen edebiýaty}}) ogʻzaki ijod namunalarini va qadimgi [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz turkiy tillari]] hamda [[turkman tili]]da yozilgan matnlarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Turkman xalqi(Turkmanlar) — [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning bevosita avlodlari boʻlib, ular gʻarbiy [[turkiy xalqlar]]dan biri hisoblanadi va [[turkiy tillar|turkiy tillar oilasi]]ning [[o‘g‘uz tillari|oʻgʻuz tarmogʻi]]ni shakllantirgan.

Umumiy turkiy adabiyot tarixi qariyb 1300 yilni oʻz ichiga oladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVb%20silk%20road_oral%20tradition%20and%20the%20literary%20heritage.pdfwebsite=https://en.unesco.org/|title=Ipak yo‘llari dasturi|access-date=13 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Eng qadimgi yozma [[turkiy tillar|turkiy]] yodgorliklar [[run yozuvi]]dagi bitiklarda uchraydi, ulardan eng mashhurlari VII asrga oid [[Orxon yozuvi|Orxon bitiklari]]dir. Keyinchalik, IX–XI asrlar oraligʻida Markaziy Osiyodagi [[ko‘chmanchi]] [[turkiy xalqlar]] orasida [[og‘zaki adabiyot|ogʻzaki]] [[epik she’riyat]] anʼanalari shakllandi. Bular qatoriga [[o‘g‘uz turklari]]ning (zamonaviy [[turk xalqi|turklar]], [[turkman xalqi|turkmanlar]] va [[ozarbayjon xalqi|ozarbayjonlar]]ning til va madaniy ajdodlari) ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' hamda [[qirg‘iz xalqi]]ning ''[[Manas dostoni]]'' kiradi.

[[Manzikert jangi]]dan soʻng, oʻgʻuz turklari XI asrdan boshlab [[Anadolu]] hududiga joylashdilar. Ularning avvalgi ogʻzaki anʼanalari bilan bir qatorda, arab va [[fors adabiyoti]] taʼsiri ostida yozma adabiy anʼana ham shakllandi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Babyr |title=Devon |date=2004 |publisher=Miras |location=Ashgabat |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Turkman adabiyotining dastlabki rivoji oʻgʻuz turklari adabiyoti bilan chambarchas bogʻliq&lt;ref name=&quot;Johanson 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Johanson |first=L. |editor-first1=Keith |editor-last1=Brown |editor-first2=Sarah |editor-last2=Ogilvie|title=Jahon tillari qisqacha ensiklopediyasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&amp;pg=PA111|pages=110–113 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|date=6 April 2010|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanlar oʻgʻuz turkiy kelib chiqishga ega boshqa xalqlar, ayniqsa [[Ozarbayjon]] va [[Turkiya]] bilan birgalikda qadimgi oʻgʻuz va [[fors tili]]da (XI–XII asrlarda [[Saljuqiylar]] tomonidan) yozilgan bir qator adabiy asarlarga umumiy daʼvogarlik qiladilar. Bu asarlar qatoriga ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'', ''[[Ko‘ro‘g‘li dostoni]]'', „[[Layli va Majnun]]“ va „[[Yusuf va Zulayho]]“ kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |pages=29, 39, 198, 231}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shunga qaramay, zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti XVIII asrda [[she’riyat]] va [[Magtymguly Pyragy]] ijodi bilan boshlangan degan umumiy fikr mavjud. U turkman adabiyotining otasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkmaniston madaniyati |url=https://asian-recipe.com/turkmenistan-culture-3481 |website=Asian recipe|date=9 August 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Shu davrning boshqa mashhur turkman shoirlari qatoriga [[Döwletmämmet Azady]] (Magtymgulining otasi), Nurmuhammet Andalyp, Abdylla Şabende, Şeýdaýy, Mahmyt Gaýyby va Gurbanally Magrupy kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurmuhammet Andalyp |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/andalyp.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:Kitab-ı Dede Korkut ala-lisan-i Ta'ife-i Oğuzhan, Dresden.jpg|thumb|right|120px|&quot;Dada Qoʻrqut kitobi&quot;ning Drezden qoʻlyozmasi]]
Turkman adabiyoti barcha turkiy xalqlar uchun umumiy boʻlgan eng qadimgi turkiy adabiyot bilan chambarchas bogʻliq. Turk sheʼriyatining eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan baʼzilari milodiy VI asrga borib taqaladi va ular [[uyg‘ur tili]]da yaratilgan. [[Uyg‘ur turkiy tili]] yozuvchilariga mansub ayrim dastlabki sheʼrlar faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimalar orqali saqlanib qolgan. [[Og‘zaki she’riyat]] davrida ilk turkiy sheʼrlar qoʻshiq sifatida yaratilgan boʻlib, ularni ijro etish jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayoti va koʻngilochar faoliyatining muhim qismi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talat |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uzun epik asarlar ichida faqat [[O‘g‘uznoma]] toʻliq holda saqlanib qolgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;. ''[[Dada Qo‘rqut kitobi]]'' oʻz ildizlarini X asr sheʼriyatidan olgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u XV asrgacha ogʻzaki anʼana sifatida mavjud boʻlgan. Dastlabki yozma asarlar — ''[[Qutadg‘u bilig]]'' va ''[[Devonu lug‘otit turk]]'' — XI asrning ikkinchi yarmiga mansub boʻlib, turkiy adabiyotning eng qadimgi maʼlum namunalaridan hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;A Millenium of Turkish Literature&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Halman |first1=Talah |title=Turk adabiyotining ming yilligi |page=viii}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Oʻgʻuz turkiy ([[Turkoman (etnonim)|turkman]]) adabiyotining eng muhim namoyandalaridan biri XIII asr [[sufiylik|sufiy]] shoiri [[Yunus Emre]] hisoblanadi. Turkman adabiyotining „oltin davri“ X asrdan XVII asrgacha davom etgan deb hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Akatov |first1=Bayram |title=Qadimgi turkman adabiyoti, o‘rta asrlar (X–XVII asrlar) (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti, Ta’lim vazirligi |location=Turkmenabat |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining shakllanishi ==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1989 CPA 6091 stamp (Koroghlu, Azerbaijan epic poem. A. Gadzhiev).jpg|thumb|left|175px|A. Hajiyev tomonidan tasvirlangan Goʻroʻgʻli]]
Yozma adabiyotda zamonaviy turkman tiliga yaqin shaklning ilk qoʻllanishi XV–XVI asrlarga toʻgʻri keladi. Zamonaviy turkman tiliga xos unsurlar umumiy turkiy adabiyotdagi [[chig‘atoy tili]]da yozilgan asarlarda ham uchraydi. Chigʻatoy tilining turkman adabiyotiga taʼsiri keyingi davrlarda ham sezilarli boʻlib qolgan. Oʻziga xos turkman adabiyotining eng qadimgi namunalariga [[Xuroson viloyati|Xuroson]] turkmanlaridan boʻlgan Vafayi tomonidan yozilgan diniy-axloqiy asar ''Islom nuri'' ({{lang|tk|Rownak-ul-Islam}}, 1464), XVI asrga oid [[Bairam Khan]] sheʼrlari hamda [[Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur]]ning ''[[Turkmanlar nasabnomasi]]'' (XVII asr) kiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Milliy taqvim (turkman tilida) |url=http://www.turkmensahra.org/turkmen/arhiw/akmyrad/kronology.php |website=Turkmen Sahra}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda qayd etilgan anonim romanlar — {{lang|tk|[[Asli va Kerem|Asly Kerem]]}}, {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}}, {{lang|tk|[[Go‘ro‘g‘li dostoni|Görogly]]}}, {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}}, {{lang|tk|Ibrahim}}, {{lang|tk|Edehem}}, {{lang|tk|Zeýnal-Arap}}, {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}} va boshqalar — tili va mazmuni tahliliga koʻra, aslida XV–XVII asrlarda yaratilgan. Ular Sharqda keng tarqalgan „sayyor syujetlar“ asosida tuzilgan boʻlib, sevgi gʻalabasi, qahramonlarning jasorati va mardligini madh etadi. Qahramonlar toʻsiqlarni yengib, yovuz kuchlarga qarshi kurashadi; bu kuchlar koʻpincha [[dev (mifologiya)|devlar]], [[jin]]lar, [[pari]]lar kabi fantastik mavjudotlar orqali ifodalanadi. Ushbu mavjudotlar {{lang|tk|Hürlukga we Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Saýatly Hemra}}, {{lang|tk|Görogly}} va {{lang|tk|Şasenem we Garyp}} kabi asarlarda qahramonlarga murakkab muammolarni hal qilishda yordam beradi. {{lang|tk|Baba Röwşen}}, {{lang|tk|Melike Dilaram}} va boshqa asarlar esa [[Islom]] vakillari, xususan [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]] va uning izdoshlarining „[ [kofirlar]] ]“ga qarshi kurashini tasvirlaydi. Ushbu romanlarning badiiy shakliga xos jihat — [[nasr]] va sheʼriy parchalar almashinib kelishidir&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, pp. 163-170&lt;/ref&gt;.

Saqlanib qolgan turkman [[folklor]]i — [[ertak]]lar, [[qo‘shiq]]lar, [[latifa]]lar, [[maqol]]lar, [[matallar]], [[tez aytish]]lar va boshqalar — nafaqat aslzoda qahramonlarni, balki oddiy xalq vakillarini ham oʻz ichiga oladi: {{lang|tk|Aldar Köse}}, {{lang|tk|Kelje}}, {{lang|tk|Dälije}}, {{lang|tk|Aklamyh gyzlary}}, {{lang|tk|Gara atly gyz}} va boshqalar. Ular mehnatsevarlik, chaqqonlik, topqirlik va jasorat tufayli murakkab vaziyatlarda gʻalaba qozonadi. Turkmanistonda adabiy jarayonning ajralmas qismi doimo xalq orasidan chiqqan badihagoʻy shoir — ''shahir'' (''şahyr'') boʻlib kelgan; ular odatda savodsiz boʻlishgan&lt;ref&gt;Janos Sipos, Ethnomusicology Ireland 5, Collecting Folk Music in the Land of the Zemzems: Report on the Turkmen expedition of 2011, p. 164&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ertegi.ru/index.php?id=11|title=Qozog‘iston xalq ertaklari &amp;#124; Aldar Ko‘se haqidagi ertaklar|website=www.ertegi.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Mahtumquli Pyragy ===
{{Main|Mahtumquli Pyragy}}
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Mahtumquli Pyragy]] — keng bilimga ega shoir va faylasuf, Azadyning oʻgʻli boʻlib, turkman adabiyotida tub burilish yasagan shaxs hisoblanadi. U adabiy asarlar mavzusini kengaytirib, milliy til va butun xalq muammolariga murojaat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilar uning qariyb 800 ga yaqin sheʼr yozganini taʼkidlaydilar, biroq ularning bir qismi soxta (apokrif) boʻlishi mumkin. Asarlarining katta qismi ''goshgy'' (xalq qoʻshiqlari) shaklida yozilgan, ayrimlari esa shaxsiy ''gʻazal'' tarzida boʻlib, ularda soʻfiylik unsurlari ham mavjud. XIX asrda Mahtumquli sheʼrlari yozma shaklda emas, balki ogʻzaki tarzda Markaziy Osiyo boʻylab tarqalib, [[qoraqalpoqlar]], [[tojiklar]] va [[kurdlar]] orasida ham mashhurlikka erishgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkman adabiyoti |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Turkmen-literature |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning 300 dan ortiq saqlanib qolgan sheʼrlarida oʻz davrida maʼlum boʻlgan deyarli barcha mamlakatlar, fanlar va adabiy manbalarga murojaatlar uchraydi. U urugʻ va qabila chegaralaridan chiqib, butun turkman xalqining birlashuv orzusini ifoda etgan. U [[xalq tili]]dan foydalangan boʻlib, uning koʻplab misralari xalq maqollari va matallariga aylangan. Davr ziddiyatlarini ochiq ifodalashi, chuqur samimiyligi va yuqori badiiy saviyasi uning asarlarini boshqa shoirlar uchun namuna qilib qoʻydi hamda keyingi avlod adiblari tomonidan keng taqlid qilindi.

Mahtumqulining toʻplangan asarlari koʻplab turkmanlar tomonidan turkman adabiyotining eng yuksak choʻqqisi sifatida baholanadi. Uning sheʼrlari turkman tilida soʻzlashuvchi hududlardagi koʻplab oilalarda uchraydi, yod olinadi va kundalik nutqda maqol va hikmat sifatida qoʻllanadi. Uning hayoti va ijodi koʻplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar, sharhlar va talqinlar mavzusiga aylangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ashyrov |first1=Annagurban |title=Magtymguly qo‘lyozmalarining tahlili (turkman tilida) |date=2014 |publisher=Turkmaniston davlat nashriyot xizmati |location=Ashxobod |pages=9–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Mahtumqulining {{lang|tk|Aýryldym}} (''Ayrildim'') sheʼridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Aýryldym gunça gülümden.
Syýa saçly sünbülimden,
Hoş owazly bilbilimden,
Şirin güftardan aýryldym.

Illeri bar diňli-diňli,
Sowuk suwly, ter öleňli,
Ili — gökleň, ady — Meňli,
Näzli dildardan aýryldym.

Magtymguly, aşyk mestan,
Bagladym şanyna destan,
Menzilgähi bagy-bostan.
Almaly nardan aýryldym.&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Men oʻz gʻunchagulimdan ayrildim,
Qora sochli goʻzalimdan,
Yoqqimli ovozli bulbulimdan,
Shirin soʻzli yorimdan ayrildim.

Uning yurtlari minorali,
Sovuq suvli, yam-yashil yaylovli,
Eli — Goʻklen, nomi — Meňli,
Nozik dilbarimdan ayrildim.

Mahtumquli, ishq masti,
Senga bagʻishlab doston bitdim,
Uning maskani bogʻu boʻston,
Olmali-anorli diyordan ayrildim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Aýryldym |url=https://www.turkmenkultur.de/ayryldym/ |website=Türkmen kultur ojagynyň internet sahypasy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}
=== Şeýdaýy, Magrupy va boshqalar ===
XVIII asr oxirida, [[chig‘atoy tili]] taʼsiri saqlanib qolgan holda, yozma turkman tili bilan soʻzlashuv tilining yaqinlashuvi boshlandi. XVIII asr oxiri — XIX asr boshlaridagi ijodiy sheʼriyat Şeýdaýy ({{lang|tk|Gül we Senuwer}} nomli [[fantastik roman]] va [[lirik she’rlar]] muallifi) hamda 400 ta sheʼr toʻplami bilan tanilgan Gaýyby kabi ijodkorlar nomi bilan bogʻliq. Yozuvchi Magrupy esa qahramonlik ruhidagi {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} romani va „Seýfel Melek“ muhabbat qissasining muallifi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |page=138}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Quyida Magrupyning {{lang|tk|Ýusup we Ahmet}} asaridan parchalar (asl turkman tilida va oʻzbekcha tarjimasi) keltiriladi:

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet beg diýer, meni göze almadyň,
Öwüt edip, belli jogap bermediň,
Özüň bildiň meni adam bilmediň,
Ak patany bergin, Ýusup soltanym

Ýusup beg diýer, bildim, arslan ekeniň,
Jahany titreden pälwan ekeniň,
Boýny ýogyn, gödek oglan ekeniň,
Barabarda ýörgün, Ahmet mürzeýim!
&lt;/poem&gt;

{{col-break}}
&lt;poem&gt;
Ahmet bek deydi: meni tushunmading,
Nasihat berding, ammo aniq javob bermading,
Oʻzingni oʻylab, meni inson oʻrnida koʻrmading,
Oq fotiha ber, ey sultonim Yusuf.

Yusuf bek deydi: bildim, sen arslonsan,
Jahonni larzaga keltiruvchi pahlavonsan,
Baquvvat, qoʻrqmas yigitsan,
Toʻgʻri yoʻlda yur, ey shahzoda Ahmet!
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Levin |first1=Theodore |last2=Daukeyeva |first2=Saida |last3=Kochumkulova |first3=Elmira |title=Markaziy Osiyo musiqasi |date=2016 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-01751-2 |pages=138–139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/poem&gt;
{{col-end}}

=== XIX asr boshlarida ===

[[File:TM-2003-1000manat-Mollanepes-b.png|thumb|175px|Shoir [[Mollanepes]] Turkmanistonning [[yodgorlik tangasi]]da]]
XIX asr boshlarida turkman tilida ijod qilgan koʻplab shoir va nasrnavislarning paydo boʻlishi bilan ajralib turadi. Ular qatoriga lirik sheʼrlar hamda [[ilmiy fantastika]] ruhidagi asarlar muallifi Şabende, shuningdek Şabehrem, Hojaýy Berdi Han va Nejep Oglan kiradi. Ular dushmanlarga qarshi kurashda jasorat, fidoyilik va qahramonlikni madh etgan. Shoir [[Mollanepes]] {{lang|tk|Zöhre we Tahyr}} romanining muallifi boʻlib, unda [[shoh]]lar va [[saroy amaldorlari]]ning xiyonati fosh etiladi, haqiqat va muhabbatning gʻalabasi ulugʻlanadi. Şabende tomonidan yozilgan „Gül we Bilbil“ („Gul va bulbul“) sheʼri turkman adabiyotining eng sara namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Mollanepes sheʼriyati yorqin obrazlar, kuchli tasviriylik va boy til bilan ajralib turadi&lt;ref&gt;''Mollanepes va XIX asr turkman hayoti: Xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari''. Mari, 8–10 aprel 2010. Turkmaniston Fanlar akademiyasi Qoʻlyozmalar milliy instituti. Mari, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrning birinchi yarmi shoirlari — Seýdi, Zelili va Kemine ijodida ijtimoiy mavzular ustunlik qiladi. Shoir-jangchi Seýdi (1758–1830) [[Buxoro amirligi]]ga qarshi kurashgan va [[turkman qabilalari]]ni birlashib ozodlik uchun kurashishga chaqirgan. Zelili (1790–1844) [[Etrek tumani|Etrek]] turkmanlarining azob-uqubatlarini tasvirlab, ularni {{lang|tk|baýs}} (boylar), [[mulla]]lar, [[Xiva xonligi]] va [[Eron]] hukmdorlari tomonidan ezilganini koʻrsatadi. U hayotiy quvonchlarni madh etib, hukmron tabaqalarning poraxoʻrligi va shafqatsizligini fosh etgan. Xalq qoʻshiqchisi [[Mämmetweli Kemine]] (1840-yilda vafot etgan) erkin muhabbat, ona yurt mavzularida ijod qilgan hamda koʻplab kulgili qisqa hikoyalar va latifalar yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mammetweli Kemine |url=http://gollanma.com/mammetweli-kemine.html |website=Gollanma|date=7 December 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asr oʻrtalarida Dosmämmet, Aşyky, Allazy, Zynhary, Ýusup Hoja, Baýly, Allaguly va Garaoglan kabi shoirlar keng tanilgan boʻlsa-da, ularning faqat ayrim sheʼrlari bizgacha yetib kelgan. 1860-yillarda Abdysetdar Kazy [[Teke (turkman qabilasi)|Teke turkmanlari]]ning eronliklarga qarshi janglari haqida mashhur tarixiy „Jeňnama“ dostonini yaratgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031223335/http://www.rusbibliophile.ru/Book/Abdu-s-Sattar-kazy__Kniga_|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-10-31|title=WebCite query result|website=www.webcitation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}.

== Rossiya Turkistoni davridagi adabiyot ==
[[File:Siege of Geok Tepe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Goʻkdepe qamali]]
1880-yillarda [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi|Turkiston]] hududi [[Rossiya imperiyasi|ruslar]] tomonidan bosib olindi. Shoirlar Mätäji (1824–1884) va Misgin Gylyç (1845–1905) turkmanlarning soʻnggi tayanchi boʻlgan [[Go‘kdepe jangi|Goʻkdepe qal’asi]] himoyasini qahramonlik bilan tasvirladilar. Ular, shuningdek, ijtimoiy va ishqiy lirika ham yaratganlar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Annaguli Mataji |url=http://www.turkmenkultur.com/menu/ml/t8/mataji.html |website=Dunya Turkmenleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

XIX asrda turkman tilidagi dastlabki bosma kitoblar paydo boʻldi. Inqilobdan oldingi Turkiston maktablarida sunʼiy „Markaziy Osiyo-chigʻatoy tili“ oʻqitilgan, biroq aholining aksariyati savodsiz edi. Zamonaviy turkman tili XX asr boshlarida, turkman tilining teke lahjasi asosida shakllana boshladi. 1913-yilda I. A. Belyaev muharrirligida birinchi ruscha-turkmancha lugʻat nashr etildi. 1915-yilda uning tahriri ostida ''Turkman tili grammatikasi'' ham chop etildi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Belyayev |first1=Ivan Aleksandrovich |title=The Grammar of the Turkmen Language |date=1915 |location=Russian State Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Sovet taʼsiri ==
=== Oktyabr inqilobidan keyingi dastlabki yillar ===
XX asr boshlarida turkman adabiyotida yangi mavzular paydo boʻldi — musulmon [[ruhoniylar]]ining jaholatini tanqid qilish, eski turmush qoldiqlarini fosh etish, [[ma’rifatparvarlik falsafasi]] gʻoyalarini targʻib qilish. Bu mavzular Molla Durdi, Bechora Muhammad Qilich (1922-yilda vafot etgan) va boshqa yozuvchilar ijodida aks etgan. [[Sovet Turkmanistoni]] davrida turkman adabiyoti yangi mavzular bilan boyidi, ''shoirlar'' (''shahirlar'') hamda ilk sovet turkman yozuvchi va shoirlari ijodida yangi gʻoyalar paydo boʻldi. Bu jarayon [[jadidchilik]] mafkuraviy merosini yengib oʻtish va yangi sovet obrazlari, gʻoyalari hamda voqeliklarini anglash bilan kechdi.

[[Oktyabr inqilobi]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] va [[Iosif Stalin|Stalin]] hamda [[Qizil Armiya]] kurashi haqidagi ilk qoʻshiqlar Bayram va Kermolla tomonidan yaratilgan. Shoirlar Durdi Qilich (1886-yilda tugʻilgan) va Ota Solih (1908-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻz qoʻshiqlari mavzusini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdilar. Ular sotsialistik qurilish yutuqlari, jahon [[proletariat]]i gʻalabalari, [[stalinchilik]] konstitutsiyasi va [[SSSR xalqlari]] doʻstligi, kolxoz qurilishi, ozod qilingan ayollar, qahramon uchuvchilar, dushmanlarni yengish kabi mavzularda asarlar yaratdilar. Bu mavzular sovet davridagi koʻplab mashhur ''shahir''lar — Halla, Tore va Oʻroz Choʻloq ijodining asosini tashkil etdi. [[Sovet hukumati]] ularning koʻpchiligini orden va medallar bilan mukofotladi&lt;ref&gt;''Katta Sovet Ensiklopediyasi''. 2-jild. 2-nashr. 1950. 344-bet&lt;/ref&gt;.

XX asrda bir necha bor [[turkman alifbosi]]ni, avval [[arab yozuvi]] asosida boʻlgan tizimdan boshqa yozuvlarga oʻtkazish masalasi koʻtarildi. 1926-yilda [[Boku]]da oʻtkazilgan [[turkologlar]] qurultoyidan soʻng turkman yozuvi [[lotin alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi va 1940-yilgacha shu shaklda qoʻllanildi. Keyinchalik, [[SSSR]]dagi barcha turkiy respublikalarda boʻlgani kabi, yozuv ayrim qoʻshimcha harflar bilan [[kirill alifbosi]]ga oʻtkazildi. 1993-yilda Turkmaniston yana lotin yozuviga qaytdi, biroq mamlakat tashqarisidagi turkmanlar hanuz arab yozuvidan foydalanib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;Soyegov, M. [http://www.akademikbakis.org/eskisite/35/22.pdf ''Yangi turkman alifbosi: uning ishlab chiqilishi va qabul qilinishi masalalari'']&lt;/ref&gt;.

Birinchi sovet turkman shoiri Molla Murt (1879–1930) [[sotsialistik inqilob]]ning dastlabki kunlaridanoq oʻz sheʼrlarida [[sotsializm]]ni xalq uchun sodda va tushunarli tilda madh etgan. Birinchi sovet turkman nasrnavisi Ogʻaxon Durdiyev (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) oʻzining „Orzular dengizida“, „Zarbdorlar toʻlqini“, „Meret“, „Gurban“, „Oltin burgut changalida goʻzal“ kabi asarlarida [[Qoraqum cho‘li]]dagi qurilishlar, Sharq ayollarini ozod qilish muammolari haqida yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Og‘axon Durdiyew |url=http://gollanma.com/agahan-durdyyew.html |website=Gollanma|date=8 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sotsialistik qurilish romantikasi boshqa turkman yozuvchilari ijodida ham oʻz aksini topdi. Jumladan, Durdi Agamammedov (1904-yilda tugʻilgan) „Sona kolxoz hayoti“, „Oktyabr oʻgʻli“ kabi asarlari bilan mashhur; Beki Seytakov (1914-yilda tugʻilgan) hazil-mutoyiba ruhidagi sheʼrlari, „Akjagul hikoyalari“, „Kommunar“ asarlari va „Olov ichida“ dostoni bilan tanilgan; [[Alty Garliyev]] „Paxta“, „Annagul“, „Ayna“ (1916) pyesalari muallifi; ilk turkman ayol dramaturg va shoir [[To‘vshan Esenova]] (1915-yilda tugʻilgan) esa „Millionerning qizi“ komediyasi hamda „Poʻlat qizlar“, „Lina“ sheʼrlari bilan mashhur&lt;ref&gt;Sidelnikova L. M. ''Sovet shoirasi yoʻli''. Ashxobod, 1970.&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Berdi Kerbabayev ===
[[File:Berdy Kerbabayev.jpg|thumb|right|Sovet turkman yozuvchisi [[Berdi Kerbabayev]]]]
Sovet turkman yozuvchilari orasida eng yirik shaxslardan biri — Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi akademigi, [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] Berdi Kerbabayev (1894-yilda tugʻilgan) hisoblanadi. U 1920-yillarda satirik shoir sifatida ijodini boshlagan. „Qizlar olami“ (1927) va „Mustahkamlangan, yoki Odat qurboni“ (1928) sheʼrlarida u sovet axloqiy meʼyorlarini oʻrnatish va eski urf-odat qoldiqlaridan xalos boʻlish gʻoyalarini ilgari surgan. Birinchi turkman inqilobiy tarixiy romani — ''Hal qiluvchi qadam'' (1947) uchun u 1948-yilda SSSR Davlat mukofoti laureati unvoniga sazovor boʻlgan.

[[Ulug‘ Vatan urushi]] yillarida „Gurban Durdy“ (1942) hikoyasi, „Oylar“ (1943) dostoni hamda ''Birodarlar'' (1943) va ''Mahtumquli'' (1943) pyesalari yozilgan. 1942–1950-yillarda u Turkmaniston Yozuvchilar uyushmasi raisi boʻlgan. Urushdan keyin Kerbabayevning kolxoz qishlogʻi hayotiga bagʻishlangan asarlari chop etildi: „Oq oltin yurti Aysoʻltan“ (1949, 1951-yil SSSR Davlat mukofoti), neftchilar hayotiga oid ''Nebit-Dag'' (1957) romani hamda turkman inqilobchisi K. Atabayev haqida ''Moʻjizaviy tugʻilish'' (1965) tarixiy romani shular jumlasidandir. Kerbabayev shuningdek rus va sovet shoirlari hamda yozuvchilarining asarlarini turkman tiliga tarjima qilish bilan ham shugʻullangan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/person2.php?&amp;st=1108262344|title=Kerbabayev Berdi Muradovich (rus tilida)|publisher=ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=A. Kerbabayeva|url=http://www.velykoross.ru/journals_pdfs/0/7.pdf|title=Hayot — uy kabi: uning poydevori chuqur va mustahkam bo‘lishi kerak! (rus tilida)|publisher=Великороссъ}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

SSSR davrida ijodi keng ochilgan koʻplab shoir va yozuvchilar ham mavjud edi: Kemal Ishanov, Saryhanov, Ata Govshudov&lt;ref&gt;A. Aborskiy, Ata Govshudov. ''Hayoti va ijodi haqida ocherk'' (rus tilida), Ashxobod, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt;, Meret Qilichov, Pomma-Nur Berdiev, Chari Guliyev, Monton Janmyradov, Ahmet Ahundov-Gurgenli, Seyidov, Hemrayev va boshqalar. Umuman olganda, 1920–1990-yillar turkman adabiyoti sovet madaniyati doirasida rivojlanib, turkman xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan [[sotsialistik realizm]] obrazlarini oʻzlashtirdi.

Sovet davrining muhim yutuqlaridan biri — sovet tarixchilari va tilshunoslari olib borgan katta ilmiy tadqiqotlar boʻlib, ular XV–XVI asrlarga oid eng qadimgi turkman adabiy manbalarini aniqlagan va oʻrgangan.

== Mustaqillikdan keyin ==
1990-yillarda Turkmaniston mustaqilligi eʼlon qilingach, turkman adabiyoti yangi yoʻnalishlarni aks ettira boshladi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Tuwakow |first1=M |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining asosiy muammolari (turkman tilida) |date=2010 |publisher=Magtymguly nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti |location=Ashxobod |pages=7–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Biroq zamonaviy turkman adabiyotining hozirgi holatini va rivojlanish yoʻllarini toʻliq yoritish hamda bugungi shoir va yozuvchilar ijodi haqida umumiy xulosa berish murakkab. Har bir ijodkor voqelikni oʻzicha idrok etadi, oʻz mavzusi va uslubiga ega.

Agageldi Allanazarovning ''Muhr'' romani qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, turkman xalqining anʼanalari va axloqiy asoslarini yoritadi&lt;ref&gt;Allanazarow A. ''Muhr''. Ashxobod, 2007. 1–192-betlar.&lt;/ref&gt;. Hudayberdi Diwanguliyevning ''Yekagachga qaytish'' asari esa qahramonlarning murakkab vaziyatlarda bilim va tajribasi orqali sharaf bilan chiqib ketishini tasvirlaydi. Asar optimistik ruhda boʻlib, ilmiy bilimlar orqali dunyoni anglash va jamiyatni birlashtirish gʻoyasini ilgari suradi.

Komek Guliyev ijodiga mansub „Har bir ertakning oʻz yakuni bor“ hikoyasi yumshoq hazil, inson psixologiyasini chuqur bilish va qahramonlar xarakterini toʻliq ochib berish uslubi bilan ajralib turadi.

Atamyrat Atabayev sheʼrlari va ruboiylari mamlakat kelajagiga nisbatan chuqur tashvish va mehr bilan yoʻgʻrilgan boʻlib, yangi mustaqil va betaraf Turkmaniston sharoitida insonlar oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar haqida falsafiy mulohazalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ularda vatanga muhabbat, tarixga hurmat va ajdodlar jasoratiga ehtirom yaqqol seziladi.

Bugungi kunda Orazguly Annayev, Gurbanyaz Dashgynov, Gurbannazar Orazgulyyev kabi koʻplab zamonaviy shoir va yozuvchilar mavjud boʻlib, ularning ijodi nafaqat Turkmanistonda, balki [[post-sovet davlatlari]]da ham mashhurdir&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Agaliyev |first1=K |title=Zamonaviy turkman adabiyoti haqida |url=http://www.sibogni.ru/content/o-sovremennoy-turkmenskoy-literature |website=Siberian Lights}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Turkman xalqi]]
* [[Turkman tili]]
* [[Turkman madaniyati]]
* [[Mahtumquli Pyragy]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* {{Cite web |title=TURKMAN ADABIYOTI |url=https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/kultura_i_obrazovanie/literatura/TURKMENSKAYA_LITERATURA.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.krugosvet.ru |language=ru}}
* {{Cite web |title=XX asr turkman adabiyoti tarixi |url=https://www.kitaphana.net/book/118/read |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.kitaphana.net}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heownQAACAAJ |title=Turkman sovet adabiyoti tarixi ocherki |date=1980 |publisher=Nauka |language=ru}}
* {{Cite book |last=Skosirev |first=Petr Georgievich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CCZWzQEACAAJ |title=Turkman adabiyoti: rivojlanish ocherki |date=1945 |publisher=Sovet yozuvchisi |language=ru}}


[[Category:Turkman tili]]
[[Category:Turkman xalq madaniyati]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston]]
[[Turkum:Adabiyot]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]] sahifasi tezda oʻchirishga nomzod sifatida koʻrsatildi</comment>
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== „[[:Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]“ sahifasi [[VP:TOʻM|tezda oʻchirishga]] nomzod oʻlaroq koʻrsatildi ==
[[Fayl:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] 

Siz tomoningizdan yaratilgan „[[:Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li]]“ sahifasi [[VP:TOʻM|tezda oʻchirish mezonlariga]] („[[VP:M6|M6]]: Keng ommaga mashhur boʻlmagan kishilar, tashkilotlar, veb-saytlar, hodisalar haqidagi maqola“) binoan oʻchirishga nomzod oʻlaroq koʻrsatildi, chunki sahifa hozirgi holatida [[oʻzbekcha Vikipediya]] [[VP:Qoida va koʻrsatmalar|qoida va koʻrsatmalariga]] mos kelmaydi. Tajriba oʻtkazayotgan boʻlsangiz, itlimos, [[Vikipediya:Qumloq|qumloq]] sahifasidan foydalaning.

Agar sahifani oʻchirish kerak emas, deb oʻylasangiz, oʻz fikringizni sahifa munozara sahifasida qoldiring.

Savollaringiz boʻlsa, tortinmasdan [[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mirishkorlik|munozara sahifamga]] yozing. Rahmat! [[Foydalanuvchi:Mirishkorlik|Mirishkorlik]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Mirishkorlik|munozara]]) 15:33, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Munozara:Turkman adabiyoti</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Anzoda qo'shish */ yangi mavzu</comment>
      <origin>5988673</origin>
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      <text bytes="169" sha1="kn6utejqjv7wu3iu536ep292r2qctsv" xml:space="preserve">== Anzoda qo'shish ==

{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}

[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 15:34, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ken Alibek</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5988693</origin>
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      <text bytes="29864" sha1="0cxhlzto9hiei2t8gix9z72n28d6xz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                  = Ken Alibek
| tasvir                = Alibek.jpg
| tasvir_eni            =
| izoh                  = 2003 yilda Alibek
| tavallud_sanasi       = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1950|01|01}}
| tavallud_joyi         = Kauchuk, Qozogʻiston SSR, SSSR
| vafot_sanasi          =
| vafot_joyi            =
| dafn etilgan joyi     =
| istiqomat_joylari     =
| fuqaroligi            = Qozoq-amerikalik
| millati               = Qozoq
| sohasi                = Mikrobiologiya, onkologiya, biologik qurollar
| ish_joylari           = [[Biopreparat]]
| institutlar           =
| alma_mater            = [[Siberian State Medical University|Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]
| tezis_sarlavhasi      =
| akademik_rahbarlari   =
| mashhur_shogirdlari   =
| mashhur_ishlari       = Sibir vabo (kuydirgi) ning eng virulent shtammini yaratish
| oʻtkazayotgan_taʼsiri  =
| koʻrsatgan_taʼsiri     =
| mukofotlari           = Barkley medali (1994)
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi      =
| dini                  =
| vebsayt               =
}}

'''Kanatjan''' &quot;'''Kanat'''&quot; '''Baizakovich Alibekov'''&lt;ref&gt;{{langx|kk|Қанатжан Байзақұлы Әлібеков}}; {{langx|ru|Канатжан Байзакович Алибеков}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1950 yilda tugʻilgan), 1992 yildan beri '''Kenneth''' &quot;'''Ken'''&quot; '''Alibek''' nomi bilan tanilgan, [[Qozoq-amerikalik]] mikrobiolog, biologik qurollar sohasi mutaxassisi va tibbiyot (onkologiya) yoʻnalishidagi olimdir. U [[Biopreparat]] tashkilotining birinchi oʻrinbosar direktori boʻlgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Courtney-Guy |first=Sam |date=2022-05-20 |title=Russia 'planned to use monkeypox as a bioweapon', report warned |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/05/20/russia-planned-to-use-monkeypox-as-a-bioweapon-report-warned-16680912/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sovet biologik qurol dasturida 1970–1980-yillar davomida ishlagan davrida Alibekov glander kasalligini va Marburg gemorragik isitmasini qurol sifatida ishlatish bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan hamda Rossiyada birinchi [[tulyaremiya]] bombasini yaratgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;&gt;[[Annie Jacobsen|Jacobsen, Annie]] (2015), ''The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top Secret Military Research Agency''; New York: [[Little, Brown and Company]], pg 293.&lt;/ref&gt; Uning eng mashhur yutug‘i — “836-shtamm” deb atalgan, juda yuqori virulentlikka ega bo‘lgan yangi [[kuydirgi]] shtammini yaratish bo‘lib, u keyinchalik ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' tomonidan “insoniyatga maʼlum eng xavfli kuydirgi shtammi” deb taʼriflangan.&lt;ref&gt;[[David Willman|Willman, David]] (2007), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html &quot;Selling the Threat of Bioterrorism&quot;], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 1 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;/&gt;

1992 yilda u AQShga koʻchib oʻtdi va keyinchalik AQSh fuqaroligini oldi. Shundan soʻng u biodefense (biologik xavfsizlik mudofaasi) bo‘yicha maslahatchi, ma’ruzachi va tadbirkor sifatida faoliyat yuritdi. U AQSh hukumati uchun biodefense strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda ishtirok etgan va 1998–2005 yillar oralig‘ida AQSh Kongressi hamda boshqa davlatlarda bir necha bor guvohlik bergan. U Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturi to‘liq tugatilmagan deb hisoblaganini bildirgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt; 1994 yilda u Kongress mukofoti — Barkley bronza medali bilan taqdirlangan.

2002 yilda Alibek United Press International agentligiga bergan intervyusida [[chechak]] (monkeypox) biologik qurol sifatida ishlab chiqilishi mumkinligi haqida xavotirlar borligini aytgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;

2015 yilda Ogayo shtatida joylashgan Locus Fermentation Solutions kompaniyasi uni turli biologik faol molekulalar bo‘yicha ilmiy-tadqiqot va rivojlantirish ishlari bo‘yicha ijrochi vitse-prezident lavozimiga ishga qabul qilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brian Albrecht |first=The Plain Dealer |date=2019-09-08 |title=Scientist who supervised Soviet biological weapons production now develops products to help people |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/09/scientist-who-supervised-soviet-biological-weapons-production-now-develops-products-to-help-people.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Alibek Kanat Alibekov nomi bilan [[Kauchuk]], [[Qozogʻiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi|Qozogʻiston SSR]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] (hozirgi [[Qozogʻiston]])da [[qozoqlar]] oilasida tugʻilgan. U respublikaning sobiq poytaxti [[Olmaota]] shahrida ulgʻaygan. U sertifikatlangan onkolog,&lt;ref&gt;Biology of Cancer, Astana, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; fan doktori,&lt;ref&gt;Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Moscow, 1990&lt;/ref&gt; falsafa doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Moscow, 1984&lt;/ref&gt; hamda tibbiyot doktori hisoblanadi.&lt;ref&gt;Military Medicine, Tomsk (Russia), 1975&lt;/ref&gt;

== Faoliyati ==
Harbiy tibbiyot bo‘yicha [[Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]da o‘qish davridagi yuqori akademik natijalari va oilasining vatanparvarligi sababli u Sovet Ittifoqi [[SSSR Vazirlar Kengashi]] tomonidan boshqariladigan yashirin biologik qurol dasturi — [[Biopreparat]] tizimiga ishga tanlab olindi. Uning birinchi tayinlanishi 1975 yilda [[Omutninsk]] yaqinidagi [[Amaliy biokimyo instituti]] (IAB)ning Sharqiy Yevropa bo‘limiga bo‘ldi. Bu markaz pestitsid ishlab chiqarish zavodi va urush vaqtida biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish uchun mo‘ljallangan zaxira obyekt edi. Omutninskda Alibek mikroorganizmlar o‘sishini optimallashtirish uchun turli oziqa muhitlari va yetishtirish sharoitlarini ishlab chiqdi va baholadi. Bu yerda u tibbiyot laboratoriya ko‘nikmalarini sanoat miqyosida mikroorganizmlar va ularning toksinlarini ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur bo‘lgan murakkab texnikaga aylantirdi.&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, D. (2006), ''Lessons Learned from the Former Soviet Biological Warfare Program''; UMI Dissertation Services, UMI NO. 3231331&lt;/ref&gt;

Bir yildan so‘ng u IABning [[Sibir]] bo‘limiga, [[Berdsk]] yaqiniga (Berdsk ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi deb ham ataladi) o‘tkazildi. U hamkasbi bilan birgalikda biologik formulalarni ishlab chiqarishni optimallashtirish texnikalarini ishlab chiqadigan mikrobiologiya laboratoriyasini loyihalashtirdi va qurdi.

Bir necha lavozim ko‘tarilishlaridan so‘ng u yana Omutninskka qaytarildi va u yerda direktor o‘rinbosari lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Keyinchalik u [[Qozogʻiston ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi]]ga, [[Stepnogorsk]]dagi (yana bir zaxira biologik qurol obyektiga) direktor etib tayinlandi. Rasmiy jihatdan u o‘g‘it va pestitsid ishlab chiqaruvchi “Progress” ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish birlashmasining direktor o‘rinbosari edi.

Stepnogorskda Alibek biologik formulalar uchun samarali sanoat miqyosidagi ishlab chiqarish liniyasini yaratdi. Urush sharoitida bu liniya qurollantirilgan [[kuydirgi]] ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin edi. Ilm-fan va biotexnologiyadagi muvaffaqiyatlari unga yana lavozim ko‘tarilishlarini olib keldi va natijada u [[Moskva]]ga o‘tkazildi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;Anderson (2006), ''Op. cit.''&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Biopreparat ===
Moskvada Alibek [[Biopreparat]] tarkibidagi biosafety boshqarmasi rahbarining o‘rinbosari sifatida xizmatini boshladi. 1988 yilda u Biopreparatning birinchi o‘rinbosar direktori lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Bu lavozimda u nafaqat biologik qurol obyektlarini, balki antibiotiklar, vaksinalar, zardoblar va interferon ishlab chiqaruvchi ko‘plab farmatsevtika korxonalarini ham nazorat qilgan.

1990 yil bahorida Tibbiyot va mikrobiologiya sanoati vazirligi qayta tashkil etilishi e’lon qilinganidan so‘ng, Alibek o‘sha paytdagi Bosh kotib [[Mixail Gorbachyov]]ga Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlanmalarini to‘xtatish bo‘yicha taklif xatini tayyorladi va yubordi. Gorbachyov bu taklifni ma’qulladi, biroq Alibekning loyihasiga yashirin ravishda qo‘shimcha band kiritilib, prezident farmoni Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlarini to‘xtatishni buyurgan bo‘lsa-da, ularni kelajakda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarishga tayyor holda qolishga ham majbur qildi.

Alibek Biopreparatdagi mavqei va farmonning birinchi qismi unga bergan vakolatdan foydalanib, bir qator ilmiy-tadqiqot va ishlab chiqarish markazlarida, jumladan [[Stepnogorsk]], [[Koltsovo (Novosibirsk viloyati)|Koltsovo]], [[Obolensk (Jukovskiy tumani, Kaluga viloyati)|Obolensk]] va boshqa joylarda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish va sinov infratuzilmasini demontaj qilishni boshladi. U bir vaqtning o‘zida “Biomash” deb nomlangan Biopreparat korxonasiga ham tayinlanishni muhokama qildi. Biomash mikroorganizmlarni yetishtirish va sinash uchun texnik uskunalar ishlab chiqardi va ishlab chiqarardi. U ushbu mahsulotlarning shifoxonalar va fuqarolik tibbiyot laboratoriyalariga yuboriladigan qismini o‘sha paytdagi 40% dan ham oshirishni rejalashtirgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;

1991 yil dekabrida Sovet Ittifoqi parchalangach, Alibek Sovet biologik obyektlarini AQSh va Britaniya delegatsiyasi tomonidan tekshirishga tayyorlash bo‘yicha intensiv jarayonlarga rahbarlik qildi. Keyinchalik u AQShdagi obyektlarni tekshirishda ham ishtirok etdi va shu jarayonda AQShda hujumkor biologik qurol dasturi yo‘qligiga ishonchi mustahkamlandi. 1992 yil yanvarida, AQShdan qaytgach, u Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturini davom ettirishiga qarshi chiqdi va Rossiya armiyasi hamda Biopreparatdan iste’fo berdi.

=== AQShga immigratsiya ===
1992 yil oktabr oyida Alibek oilasi bilan birga AQShga ko‘chib o‘tdi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt; AQShga kelgach, u AQSh hukumatiga sobiq Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berdi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ([[CIA]]) so‘roqlari davomida u Sovet Ittifoqining juda virulent [[chechak]] shtammini qurolga aylantirish bo‘yicha ishlari haqida ma’lumot berdi — yuzlab tonna virus bombalar yoki ballistik raketalar orqali tarqatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Flight |first=Colette |date=2011-02-17 |title=Silent Weapon: Smallpox and Biological Warfare |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/pox_weapon_01.shtml |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=BBC History |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida ma’lumotlar bundan oldin, 1989 yilda defekt olim [[Vladimir Pasechnik]] tomonidan ham berilgan edi.

Alibek AQSh Kongressi oldida bir necha bor guvohlik bergan va AQSh razvedkasi, milliy xavfsizlik va tibbiyot tizimlariga maslahatlar bergan.

U [[Jorj Meyson universiteti]]dagi [[Schar School of Policy and Government]] qoshida biodefense magistratura dasturini tashkil etishga turtki bo‘lgan hamda “tibbiy mikrobiologiya bo‘yicha faxriy professor” va dastur direktori sifatida ishlagan. Shuningdek, u universitetning [[biosafety level]] 3 (BSL-3) laboratoriyasi qurilishi rejasini ishlab chiqqan va uning qurilishi uchun federal va shtat hukumatlaridan 40 million dollar grant jalb qilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot; /&gt;

1993–1999 yillar oralig‘ida Alibek bir nechta ilmiy-tadqiqot lavozimlarida ishladi, jumladan AQSh Milliy Sog‘liqni Saqlash Instituti (NIH)da tashrif buyuruvchi olim sifatida silga qarshi yangi vaksina antigenlarini o‘rgangan; SRS Technologies kompaniyasida xorijiy davlatlarning biotexnologik ishlanmalarini tahlil qilgan; hamda Battelle Memorial Institute’da tibbiy biotexnologiya va fermentatsiya uskunalari bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan.

1999 yilda u Sovet Ittifoqidagi faoliyati va defekti haqida avtobiografik kitob nashr qildi.&lt;ref&gt;Alibek, Ken and Stephen Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (book)|Biohazard]]: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It'', Delta (2000) {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iroq haqida gapirar ekan, u Iroq [[Saddam Husayn]] rahbarligida chechak yoki kuydirgini qo‘lga kiritishi mumkinligi haqida “hech shubha yo‘q” deb aytgan. Biroq keyinchalik Iroqda biologik qurollar topilmagan.
===Tadbirkor va ilmiy boshqaruvchi===

Alibek AQShning [[Merilend shtati]], [[Gaithersburg]] shahrida joylashgan AFG Biosolutions, Inc kompaniyasida prezident, bosh ilmiy xodim va ijrochi direktor bo‘lib ishlagan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afgbio.com/|title=afgbio.com|website=www.afgbio.com|accessdate=May
 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; U va uning ilmiy jamoasi mikroblarga qarshi immunitet uchun ilg‘or yechimlarni ishlab chiqishni davom ettirgan. [[Sharqiy Yevropa]] va [[Markaziy Osiyo]]da arzon saratonga qarshi davolash usullari yetishmasligi sababli, AFG Alibekning biotexnologiya tajribasidan foydalangan holda ushbu muammoni hal qilish uchun maxsus yangi farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish zavodini rejalashtirish, qurish va boshqarish bilan shug‘ullangan.

Alibek 2006-yilda MaxWell Biocorporation (MWB) nomli yangi farmatsevtika kompaniyasini tashkil etgan va uning prezidenti hamda bosh ijrochi direktori bo‘lib ishlagan. Kompaniya [[Vashington, D.C.]]da joylashgan bo‘lib, AQSh va [[Ukraina]]da bir nechta sho‘ba korxonalari va hamkor tashkilotlariga ega edi. MWBning asosiy maqsadi Ukrainada yirik, yuqori texnologiyali va zamonaviy “fill-and-finish” farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish korxonasini qurish edi.

Bu korxonada ishlab chiqariladigan patent muddati tugagan generik dorilar og‘ir onkologik, kardiologik, immunologik va surunkali infeksion kasalliklarni davolashga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lishi rejalashtirilgan edi.

Boryspildagi zavod qurilishi 2007-yil aprelida boshlangan va 2008-yil martida yakunlangan; dastlabki ishlab chiqarish 2008-yilda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan edi. Maqsad — yuqori sifatli dori vositalarini ishlab chiqarish va hozirda davolanish imkoniga ega bo‘lmagan millionlab kam ta’minlangan bemorlar uchun arzon terapiya manbaini yaratish edi.&lt;ref name=&quot;MaxwellUSA&quot;/&gt; Alibek 2008-yil yozida, zavod ochilgandan qisqa vaqt o‘tib, MWB prezidenti lavozimidan ketgan.

Alibekning asosiy ilmiy yo‘nalishi kech bosqichdagi onkologik kasalliklar hamda boshqa surunkali degenerativ patologiyalar uchun yangi terapiya usullarini ishlab chiqish bo‘lgan. U surunkali virusli va bakterial infeksiyalarning yoshga bog‘liq kasalliklar hamda erta qarishdagi rolini o‘rganishga e’tibor qaratgan. Shuningdek, u kech bosqich saraton bemorlari uchun yangi tizimli immunoterapiya usullarini ishlab chiqib va amaliyotga joriy etgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;MaxwellUSA&quot;/&gt;

U o‘z faoliyati davomida infeksion kasalliklarning saraton rivojlanishidagi roli haqida to‘qqizta ilmiy maqola chop etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://infectagentscancer.biomedcentral.com/articles?query=alibek&amp;searchType=journalSearch&amp;tab=keyword
 | title=Infeksion agentlar va saraton }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
===Qozog‘istondagi faoliyati===

2010-yilda Alibek Qozog‘istonga taklif qilinib, [[Astana]] shahridagi [[Nazarboyev universiteti]] Ilm-fan va texnologiya maktabida kimyo va biologiya kafedrasi rahbari sifatida ish boshlagan. U saratonga qarshi dorilar va umrni uzaytiruvchi preparatlar ishlab chiqish bilan shug‘ullangan, shuningdek, Respublika shoshilinch tibbiy yordam ilmiy markazi kengashi raisi bo‘lgan va Milliy onkologiya hamda transplantatsiya ilmiy markazini boshqargan.

U faoliyati davomida biologiya va tibbiyotning turli sohalarida kurslar o‘qigan hamda ilmiy jurnallarda bir qator maqolalar chop etgan. U surunkali infeksiyalar, metabolik buzilishlar va immunosupressiyaning saraton rivojlanishidagi ehtimoliy roliga e’tibor qaratgan.

2011-yilda Qozog‘iston ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofotini olgan. 2014-yilda esa Qozog‘iston Ta’lim va fan vaziri tomonidan ilmiy faoliyatdagi hissasi uchun medal bilan taqdirlangan.

Biroq yetti yil davomida uning ishlaridan sezilarli ilmiy natijalar chiqmagan. Shu davr ichida u “Saraton o‘smalariga qarshi yangi tizimli terapiya” loyihasi uchun davlat budjetidan 1 milliarddan ortiq tenge mablag‘ olgan. Taklif qilingan shved uslubidagi texnika keng qabul qilinmagan va saratonni davolovchi “panatseyaga” aylana olmadi. U tomonidan topshirilgan uchta patent arizasi Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi huzuridagi Milliy intellektual mulk institutida “yangilik yo‘qligi” sababli rad etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Капитанова |first=Ирина |date=2018-02-21 |title=Чем занимался подозреваемый в пособничеству Аблязову Кеннет Алибек после эмиграции в США |url=https://www.zakon.kz/4905091-chem-zanimalsya-podozrevaemyy-v.html
 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=zakon.kz |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yilda Alibek “El Tulgasy” milliy loyihasida “Ilm-fan” nominatsiyasiga nomzodlardan biri sifatida tanlangan. Ushbu loyiha Qozog‘istonning milliy yutuqlari bilan bog‘liq eng muhim fuqarolarni aniqlash uchun tashkil etilgan edi. Loyihada 350 000 dan ortiq odam ovoz bergan va Alibek o‘z toifasida 10-o‘rinni egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ЕЛ ТҰЛҒАСЫ / ИМЯ РОДИНЫ / События / Разделы сайта / Деловой журнал Exclusive|url=http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|date=2017-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321153157/http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2017-03-21}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.
===COVID-19===

Alibek pandemiyalar uchun vaksina ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha tajribaga ega. 2006-yilda uning yangi vaksinalarni ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha yangi tamoyillar haqidagi maqolasi Future Medicine jurnalida chop etilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/17460794.1.3.263
 | doi=10.2217/17460794.1.3.263 | title=21-asr virusologiyasidagi bahslar | date=2006 | last1=Richards | first1=Dan | last2=Alibek | first2=Kenneth | last3=Katze | first3=Michael G. | last4=Wainberg | first4=Mark A. | last5=Webby | first5=Richard J. | journal=Future Virology | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=263–268 | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2020-yil yanvar oyida Alibek COVID-19 va uning global muammoga aylanish ehtimoli haqida ogohlantirish bergan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/healthcare/pandemic-coronavirus-sars-ken-alibek?fbclid=IwAR2RkV5c7aub0u8QqOQFiN50zDQ2vx_LVc6aDEh8b8uRSJch-rbDSUT3qJU
 | title=Pandemiya bo‘yicha ekspert koronavirus SARS bilan ko‘p jihatdan o‘xshashligini aytadi | website=[[Fox Business]] | date=30 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uning virusga qarshi vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin himoyalanishning xavfsiz usullari haqidagi tadqiqoti keyinchalik Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) jurnalida chop etilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://riojournal.com/article/61709/
 | doi=10.3897/rio.6.e61709 | doi-access=free | title=Vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin COVID-19dan himoyalanishning xavfsiz usuli mavjud | date=2020 | last1=Alibek | first1=Kenneth | last2=Tskhay | first2=Albina | journal=Research Ideas and Outcomes | volume=6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shuningdek, u Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons kitobida COVID-19 pandemiyasidan himoyalanish usullari haqida ikki bob yozgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Defending-Against-Biothreats-Coronavirus-Biological/dp/B08CJXNCMB
 | isbn=979-8-6643-8044-6 | title=Biotahdidlarga qarshi kurash: koronavirus pandemiyasidan AQShning pandemiyalar va biologik qurollarga qarshi himoyasini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha saboqlar | date=7 July 2020 | publisher=Independently published }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2021-yilda Alibek epidemiyalar sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar o‘tkazgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://osdife.org/25556/free-seminar-antiviral-biodefence-in-the-world-of-epidemic-uncertainties/
 | title=Epidemiya noaniqliklari sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar | date=4 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar ===

2007-yildan boshlab Alibek autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarni boshlagan. Bu yo‘nalishdagi ishlariga uning onkolog sifatidagi tajribasi hamda shaxsiy hayotidagi omil — qizi Mary orqali ushbu holat bilan bog‘liqligi sabab bo‘lgan. U bu kasallikni prenatal (homiladorlik davrida) virusli va bakterial infeksiyalar natijasida yuzaga keladi degan nazariyani qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.

Autizm spektr buzilishi ([[Autizm spektr buzilishi|ASB]]) bo‘lgan bemorlar ustida bir nechta tadqiqotlar o‘tkazilgan, jumladan 2018–2019-yillarda 57 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot, 2021–2023-yillarda 142 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot va 2023-yilda 32 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot. Bundan tashqari, 1000 dan ortiq bola ushbu protokol asosida davolangan. Bemorlar asosan sobiq [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] davlatlari va Ukrainada joylashgan bo‘lib, konsultatsiyalar asosan bepul telemeditsina xizmatlari orqali olib borilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqotlar davomida yallig‘lanishning aniq markerlari hamda biokimyoviy va neyropsixiatrik ko‘rsatkichlar aniqlanib, simptomlar kamayishi va holat yaxshilanishini baholash uchun obyektiv mezon sifatida foydalanilgan.

Alibek autizmning kelib chiqishi va davolash usullari bo‘yicha 6 ta ilmiy maqolani ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqiladigan (peer-reviewed) jurnallarda chop etgan. Shuningdek, u ushbu yangi davolash yondashuvi bo‘yicha 1 ta AQSh patenti olgan va 3 ta patent arizasini topshirgan.&lt;ref&gt;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Etiotropic and Pathogenetic Therapy of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Series of 6 Children. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 1(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A and Isakov T (2019) Prevalence of Prenatal, Neonatal and Postnatal Complications among Healthy Children and Children Diagnosed with ASD in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. J Gynecol Neonatal 2(1): 103;
Kenneth Alibek, Sean Farmer, Albina Tskhay, Alibek Moldakozhayev and Kira Alibek et al. (2019) Tendencies in Changes of Blood Parameters and in Autistic Symptoms Improvements as a Result of Antiviral Treatment: Descriptive Case Series of 11 Children from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. J Clin Case Rep Clin Res 1(1): 102;
Kenneth Alibek et al. (2019) The Role of Infection, Inflammation and Genetic Alterations in ASD Etiopathogenesis: A Review. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 2(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Treatment of Chronic and Latent Infections Combined with Nutritional Supplementation Positively Affects Quality of Life of ASD Children: Series of 30 Cases. J Nutr Diet Suppl 3(1): 102;
Alibek K, Niyazmetova L, Farmer S, Isakov T (2022) Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e91179.
&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Tanqidlar ===

2003-yil sentabr oyidagi yangiliklar xabarida Alibek va yana bir professor o‘z laboratoriya tadqiqotlariga asoslanib, [[chechak vaksinatsiyasi]] (smallpox vaccination) insonning [[OIV]]ga qarshi chidamliligini oshirishi mumkinligini ilgari surgan. Ushbu ish keyinchalik ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqish (peer review) jarayonida ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' va ''[[The Lancet]]'' jurnallari tomonidan rad etilgan va hozirda bu yo‘nalishda davom ettirilmaydi.

Chechak bo‘yicha mutaxassis va sobiq Oq uy ilmiy maslahatchisi [[Donald Henderson]] bu g‘oyani tanqid qilib, “bu biologik nuqtai nazardan umuman asosga ega emas... bu fikr mutlaqo mantiqsiz” deb ta’riflagan.

2010-yilda Alibek hammuallifligida ''Biomed Central - Immunology'' jurnalida maqola chop etilgan bo‘lib, unda Dryvax vaksinasining OIV replikatsiyasiga qarshi ma’lum darajada himoya berishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=David |date=2007-07-01 |title=Selling the threat of bioterrorism |url=[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html) |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alibek shuningdek “Dr. Ken Alibek's Immune System Support Formula” nomli [[dietary supplement|biologik qo‘shimcha]] mahsulotini internet orqali targ‘ib qilgan. Ushbu mahsulot vitaminlar, minerallar va maxsus bakterial aralashmadan iborat bo‘lib, immun tizimini “kuchaytiradi” deb da’vo qilingan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=[http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |title=&quot;Random Samples&quot;, ''Science'', 11 October 2002: Vol. 298. no. 5592, p. 359 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-date=7 February 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==

Alibekning rafiqasi va besh farzandi (ikki o‘g‘il va uch qiz) bor; ulardan biri qizi autizm bilan kasallangan.

== Nashrlar ==

; Kitoblar
{{See also|Biohazard (kitob)}}

*Alibek, Ken va Steven Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (kitob)|Biohazard]]: Dunyodagi eng yirik yashirin biologik qurol dasturi ichidan hikoya'', Random House, {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}.
*&quot;The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It safe? Does it Work?&quot; (2002), National Academy Press, Vashington, D.C., Institute of Medicine.
*''Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities'' (2002), National Academy Press.
*Weinstein, R.S. va K. Alibek (2003), ''Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Guide for Healthcare Providers and First Responders'', Thieme Medical Publishing, Nyu-York.
*Alibek, K. va boshq. (2003), ''Biological Weapons'', Bio-Prep, Louisiana.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2005), ''Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2006), ''New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fleitz, Alibek, Bryen, Rosett, Chang, DeSutter, Elliott, Faddis, Geraghty, Gibson (2020), ''Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons''.

; Kitob boblari
*&quot;Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism&quot; (2001), ''Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future''.
*''Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook'' (2002), Second Edition.
*K. Alibek, C. Lobanova, &quot;Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat&quot; (2006), ''Microorganisms and Bioterrorism''.

; Jurnallardagi maqolalari
*''[[The New York Times]]''
**&quot;Russia's Deadly Expertise&quot;, 27-mart 1998
**&quot;Smallpox Could Still Be a Danger&quot;, 24-may 1999
*''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
**&quot;Russia Retains Biological Weapons Capability&quot;, 2000-yil fevral
**&quot;Bioterror: A Very Real Threat&quot;, 2001-yil oktabr
*''[[The Washington Post]]''
**&quot;Anthrax under the Microscope&quot;, Matthew Meselson bilan, 2002-yil 5-noyabr

; AQSh Kongressi oldidagi ko‘rsatmalar
*1998-yil may — “Terrorist and Intelligence Operations: Potential Impact on the US Economy”
*1999-yil iyun — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*1999-yil oktabr — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2000-yil may — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2001-yil oktabr — “Combating Terrorism: Assessing the Threat of a Biological Weapons Attack”
*2001-yil dekabr — “Russia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox, and Other Bioterrorist Weapons”
*2001-yil noyabr — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*2005-yil iyul — “Implementing a National Biodefense Strategy”
*1999-yil mart — Biological Warfare Threats (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence)
*2005-yil iyul — “Engineering Bio-terror Agents”

; Mukofotlar va unvonlar
*2014 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vaziri mukofoti: “Fan rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan hissasi uchun”
*2011 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofoti: “Ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun”
*2007 — “Panacea Award”, Kiyev
*2005 — Harvard universiteti ma’ruza dasturi ishtirokchisi
*2005 — Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Senior Fellow
*2004 — George Mason University Outstanding Faculty Member Award
*2002 — Business Forward Magazine mukofoti
*2000 va 2002 — World Economic Forum ma’ruzachisi
*1994 — AQSh Kongressi mukofoti (Bronze Barkley medal)
*1989 — SSSR Mudofaa vazirligi: tibbiy xizmat polkovnigi
*1983 — “Harbiy xizmatlari uchun” medali```

== Manbalar ==

{{Reflist}}

&lt;references group=&quot;Weinstein, et al. BMC Immunology201011:23 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-23&quot; /&gt;

== Adabiyotlar ==
* &quot;Interview Dr. Ken Alibek&quot;, ''Journal of Homeland Security'', 2000-yil 18-sentabr
* {{cite magazine |author1=Preston, Richard |title=Annals of Warfare — Biologik qurol ishlab chiquvchilar |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/03/09/the-bioweaponeers |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=1 July 2023 |date=1998-03-09}}
* {{cite web |title=144 Cong. Rec. S1876 - RUSSIAN BW PROGRAM |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CREC-1998-03-12/CREC-1998-03-12-pt1-PgS1876 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=1 July 2023 |pages=1877–1882 |date=1998-03-12}}


[[Category:1950-yilda tug‘ilganlar]]
[[Category:20-asr amerikalik biologlar]]
[[Category:2001-yil kuydirgi (anthrax) hujumlari]]
[[Category:Qozoq-amerikalik olimlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistondan AQShga ko‘chib o‘tganlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistonlik olimlar]]
[[Category:Almaty viloyati aholisi]]
[[Category:Biologik qurol bilan bog‘liq shaxslar]]
[[Category:Sibir davlat tibbiyot universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Sovet biologik qurol dasturi]]
[[Category:Sovet mikrobiologlari]]
[[Category:Sovet harbiy shifokorlari]]
[[Category:The Heritage Foundation people]]</text>
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      <text bytes="29823" sha1="axnqzsqjvsjf6nr5jx72ybp09w4e92t" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                  = Ken Alibek
| tasvir                = Alibek.jpg
| tasvir_eni            =
| izoh                  = 2003 yilda Alibek
| tavallud_sanasi       = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1950|01|01}}
| tavallud_joyi         = Kauchuk, Qozogʻiston SSR, SSSR
| vafot_sanasi          =
| vafot_joyi            =
| dafn etilgan joyi     =
| istiqomat_joylari     =
| fuqaroligi            = Qozoq-amerikalik
| millati               = Qozoq
| sohasi                = Mikrobiologiya, onkologiya, biologik qurollar
| ish_joylari           = [[Biopreparat]]
| institutlar           =
| alma_mater            = [[Siberian State Medical University|Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]
| tezis_sarlavhasi      =
| akademik_rahbarlari   =
| mashhur_shogirdlari   =
| mashhur_ishlari       = Sibir vabo (kuydirgi) ning eng virulent shtammini yaratish
| oʻtkazayotgan_taʼsiri  =
| koʻrsatgan_taʼsiri     =
| mukofotlari           = Barkley medali (1994)
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi      =
| dini                  =
| vebsayt               =
}}

'''Kanatjan''' &quot;'''Kanat'''&quot; '''Baizakovich Alibekov'''&lt;ref&gt;{{langx|kk|Қанатжан Байзақұлы Әлібеков}}; {{langx|ru|Канатжан Байзакович Алибеков}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1950 yilda tugʻilgan), 1992 yildan beri '''Kenneth''' &quot;'''Ken'''&quot; '''Alibek''' nomi bilan tanilgan, [[Qozoq-amerikalik]] mikrobiolog, biologik qurollar sohasi mutaxassisi va tibbiyot (onkologiya) yoʻnalishidagi olimdir. U [[Biopreparat]] tashkilotining birinchi oʻrinbosar direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Courtney-Guy |first=Sam |date=2022-05-20 |title=Russia 'planned to use monkeypox as a bioweapon', report warned |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/05/20/russia-planned-to-use-monkeypox-as-a-bioweapon-report-warned-16680912/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sovet biologik qurol dasturida 1970–1980-yillar davomida ishlagan davrida Alibekov glander kasalligini va Marburg gemorragik isitmasini qurol sifatida ishlatish bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan hamda Rossiyada birinchi [[tulyaremiya]] bombasini yaratgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;&gt;[[Annie Jacobsen|Jacobsen, Annie]] (2015), ''The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top Secret Military Research Agency''; New York: [[Little, Brown and Company]], pg 293.&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning eng mashhur yutug‘i — “836-shtamm” deb atalgan, juda yuqori virulentlikka ega bo‘lgan yangi [[kuydirgi]] shtammini yaratish bo‘lib, u keyinchalik ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' tomonidan “insoniyatga maʼlum eng xavfli kuydirgi shtammi” deb taʼriflangan&lt;ref&gt;[[David Willman|Willman, David]] (2007), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html &quot;Selling the Threat of Bioterrorism&quot;], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 1 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;/&gt;.

1992 yilda u AQShga koʻchib oʻtdi va keyinchalik AQSh fuqaroligini oldi. Shundan soʻng u biodefense (biologik xavfsizlik mudofaasi) bo‘yicha maslahatchi, ma’ruzachi va tadbirkor sifatida faoliyat yuritdi. U AQSh hukumati uchun biodefense strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda ishtirok etgan va 1998–2005 yillar oralig‘ida AQSh Kongressi hamda boshqa davlatlarda bir necha bor guvohlik bergan. U Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturi to‘liq tugatilmagan deb hisoblaganini bildirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;. 1994 yilda u Kongress mukofoti — Barkley bronza medali bilan taqdirlangan.

2002 yilda Alibek United Press International agentligiga bergan intervyusida [[chechak]] (monkeypox) biologik qurol sifatida ishlab chiqilishi mumkinligi haqida xavotirlar borligini aytgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;.

2015 yilda Ogayo shtatida joylashgan Locus Fermentation Solutions kompaniyasi uni turli biologik faol molekulalar bo‘yicha ilmiy-tadqiqot va rivojlantirish ishlari bo‘yicha ijrochi vitse-prezident lavozimiga ishga qabul qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brian Albrecht |first=The Plain Dealer |date=2019-09-08 |title=Scientist who supervised Soviet biological weapons production now develops products to help people |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/09/scientist-who-supervised-soviet-biological-weapons-production-now-develops-products-to-help-people.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Alibek Kanat Alibekov nomi bilan [[Kauchuk]], [[Qozogʻiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi|Qozogʻiston SSR]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] (hozirgi [[Qozogʻiston]])da [[qozoqlar]] oilasida tugʻilgan. U respublikaning sobiq poytaxti [[Olmaota]] shahrida ulgʻaygan. U sertifikatlangan onkolog&lt;ref&gt;Biology of Cancer, Astana, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;, fan doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Moscow, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;, falsafa doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Moscow, 1984&lt;/ref&gt; hamda tibbiyot fanlari doktori hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;Military Medicine, Tomsk (Russia), 1975&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==
Harbiy tibbiyot bo‘yicha [[Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]da o‘qish davridagi yuqori akademik natijalari va oilasining vatanparvarligi sababli u Sovet Ittifoqi [[SSSR Vazirlar Kengashi]] tomonidan boshqariladigan yashirin biologik qurol dasturi — [[Biopreparat]] tizimiga ishga tanlab olindi. Uning birinchi tayinlanishi 1975 yilda [[Omutninsk]] yaqinidagi [[Amaliy biokimyo instituti]] (IAB)ning Sharqiy Yevropa bo‘limiga bo‘ldi. Bu markaz pestitsid ishlab chiqarish zavodi va urush vaqtida biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish uchun mo‘ljallangan zaxira obyekt edi. Omutninskda Alibek mikroorganizmlar o‘sishini optimallashtirish uchun turli oziqa muhitlari va yetishtirish sharoitlarini ishlab chiqdi va baholadi. Bu yerda u tibbiyot laboratoriya ko‘nikmalarini sanoat miqyosida mikroorganizmlar va ularning toksinlarini ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur bo‘lgan murakkab texnikaga aylantirdi&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, D. (2006), ''Lessons Learned from the Former Soviet Biological Warfare Program''; UMI Dissertation Services, UMI NO. 3231331&lt;/ref&gt;.

Bir yildan so‘ng u IABning [[Sibir]] bo‘limiga, [[Berdsk]] yaqiniga (Berdsk ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi deb ham ataladi) o‘tkazildi. U hamkasbi bilan birgalikda biologik formulalarni ishlab chiqarishni optimallashtirish texnikalarini ishlab chiqadigan mikrobiologiya laboratoriyasini loyihalashtirdi va qurdi.

Bir necha lavozim ko‘tarilishlaridan so‘ng u yana Omutninskka qaytarildi va u yerda direktor o‘rinbosari lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Keyinchalik u [[Qozogʻiston ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi]]ga, [[Stepnogorsk]]dagi (yana bir zaxira biologik qurol obyektiga) direktor etib tayinlandi. Rasmiy jihatdan u o‘g‘it va pestitsid ishlab chiqaruvchi “Progress” ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish birlashmasining direktor o‘rinbosari edi.

Stepnogorskda Alibek biologik formulalar uchun samarali sanoat miqyosidagi ishlab chiqarish liniyasini yaratdi. Urush sharoitida bu liniya qurollantirilgan [[kuydirgi]] ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin edi. Ilm-fan va biotexnologiyadagi muvaffaqiyatlari unga yana lavozim ko‘tarilishlarini olib keldi va natijada u [[Moskva]]ga o‘tkazildi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;Anderson (2006), ''Op. cit.''&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Biopreparat ===
Moskvada Alibek [[Biopreparat]] tarkibidagi biosafety boshqarmasi rahbarining o‘rinbosari sifatida xizmatini boshladi. 1988 yilda u Biopreparatning birinchi o‘rinbosar direktori lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Bu lavozimda u nafaqat biologik qurol obyektlarini, balki antibiotiklar, vaksinalar, zardoblar va interferon ishlab chiqaruvchi ko‘plab farmatsevtika korxonalarini ham nazorat qilgan.

1990 yil bahorida Tibbiyot va mikrobiologiya sanoati vazirligi qayta tashkil etilishi e’lon qilinganidan so‘ng, Alibek o‘sha paytdagi Bosh kotib [[Mixail Gorbachyov]]ga Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlanmalarini to‘xtatish bo‘yicha taklif xatini tayyorladi va yubordi. Gorbachyov bu taklifni ma’qulladi, biroq Alibekning loyihasiga yashirin ravishda qo‘shimcha band kiritilib, prezident farmoni Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlarini to‘xtatishni buyurgan bo‘lsa-da, ularni kelajakda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarishga tayyor holda qolishga ham majbur qildi.

Alibek Biopreparatdagi mavqei va farmonning birinchi qismi unga bergan vakolatdan foydalanib, bir qator ilmiy-tadqiqot va ishlab chiqarish markazlarida, jumladan [[Stepnogorsk]], [[Koltsovo (Novosibirsk viloyati)|Koltsovo]], [[Obolensk (Jukovskiy tumani, Kaluga viloyati)|Obolensk]] va boshqa joylarda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish va sinov infratuzilmasini demontaj qilishni boshladi. U bir vaqtning o‘zida “Biomash” deb nomlangan Biopreparat korxonasiga ham tayinlanishni muhokama qildi. Biomash mikroorganizmlarni yetishtirish va sinash uchun texnik uskunalar ishlab chiqardi va ishlab chiqarardi. U ushbu mahsulotlarning shifoxonalar va fuqarolik tibbiyot laboratoriyalariga yuboriladigan qismini o‘sha paytdagi 40% dan ham oshirishni rejalashtirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;.

1991 yil dekabrida Sovet Ittifoqi parchalangach, Alibek Sovet biologik obyektlarini AQSh va Britaniya delegatsiyasi tomonidan tekshirishga tayyorlash bo‘yicha intensiv jarayonlarga rahbarlik qildi. Keyinchalik u AQShdagi obyektlarni tekshirishda ham ishtirok etdi va shu jarayonda AQShda hujumkor biologik qurol dasturi yo‘qligiga ishonchi mustahkamlandi. 1992 yil yanvarida, AQShdan qaytgach, u Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturini davom ettirishiga qarshi chiqdi va Rossiya armiyasi hamda Biopreparatdan iste’fo berdi.

=== AQShga immigratsiya ===
1992 yil oktabr oyida Alibek oilasi bilan birga AQShga ko‘chib o‘tdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;. AQShga kelgach, u AQSh hukumatiga sobiq Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berdi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ([[CIA]]) so‘roqlari davomida u Sovet Ittifoqining juda virulent [[chechak]] shtammini qurolga aylantirish bo‘yicha ishlari haqida ma’lumot berdi — yuzlab tonna virus bombalar yoki ballistik raketalar orqali tarqatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Flight |first=Colette |date=2011-02-17 |title=Silent Weapon: Smallpox and Biological Warfare |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/pox_weapon_01.shtml |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=BBC History |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida ma’lumotlar bundan oldin, 1989 yilda defekt olim [[Vladimir Pasechnik]] tomonidan ham berilgan edi.

Alibek AQSh Kongressi oldida bir necha bor guvohlik bergan va AQSh razvedkasi, milliy xavfsizlik va tibbiyot tizimlariga maslahatlar bergan.

U [[Jorj Meyson universiteti]]dagi [[Schar School of Policy and Government]] qoshida biodefense magistratura dasturini tashkil etishga turtki bo‘lgan hamda “tibbiy mikrobiologiya bo‘yicha faxriy professor” va dastur direktori sifatida ishlagan. Shuningdek, u universitetning [[biosafety level]] 3 (BSL-3) laboratoriyasi qurilishi rejasini ishlab chiqqan va uning qurilishi uchun federal va shtat hukumatlaridan 40 million dollar grant jalb qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot; /&gt;.

1993–1999 yillar oralig‘ida Alibek bir nechta ilmiy-tadqiqot lavozimlarida ishladi, jumladan AQSh Milliy Sog‘liqni Saqlash Instituti (NIH)da tashrif buyuruvchi olim sifatida silga qarshi yangi vaksina antigenlarini o‘rgangan; SRS Technologies kompaniyasida xorijiy davlatlarning biotexnologik ishlanmalarini tahlil qilgan; hamda Battelle Memorial Institute’da tibbiy biotexnologiya va fermentatsiya uskunalari bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan.

1999 yilda u Sovet Ittifoqidagi faoliyati va defekti haqida avtobiografik kitob nashr qildi&lt;ref&gt;Alibek, Ken and Stephen Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (book)|Biohazard]]: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It'', Delta (2000) {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iroq haqida gapirar ekan, u Iroq [[Saddam Husayn]] rahbarligida chechak yoki kuydirgini qo‘lga kiritishi mumkinligi haqida “hech shubha yo‘q” deb aytgan. Biroq keyinchalik Iroqda biologik qurollar topilmagan.
===Tadbirkor va ilmiy boshqaruvchi===

Alibek AQShning [[Merilend shtati]], [[Gaithersburg]] shahrida joylashgan AFG Biosolutions, Inc kompaniyasida prezident, bosh ilmiy xodim va ijrochi direktor bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afgbio.com/|title=afgbio.com|website=www.afgbio.com|accessdate=May
 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U va uning ilmiy jamoasi mikroblarga qarshi immunitet uchun ilg‘or yechimlarni ishlab chiqishni davom ettirgan. [[Sharqiy Yevropa]] va [[Markaziy Osiyo]]da arzon saratonga qarshi davolash usullari yetishmasligi sababli, AFG Alibekning biotexnologiya tajribasidan foydalangan holda ushbu muammoni hal qilish uchun maxsus yangi farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish zavodini rejalashtirish, qurish va boshqarish bilan shug‘ullangan.

Alibek 2006-yilda MaxWell Biocorporation (MWB) nomli yangi farmatsevtika kompaniyasini tashkil etgan va uning prezidenti hamda bosh ijrochi direktori bo‘lib ishlagan. Kompaniya [[Vashington, D.C.]]da joylashgan bo‘lib, AQSh va [[Ukraina]]da bir nechta sho‘ba korxonalari va hamkor tashkilotlariga ega edi. MWBning asosiy maqsadi Ukrainada yirik, yuqori texnologiyali va zamonaviy “fill-and-finish” farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish korxonasini qurish edi.

Bu korxonada ishlab chiqariladigan patent muddati tugagan generik dorilar og‘ir onkologik, kardiologik, immunologik va surunkali infeksion kasalliklarni davolashga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lishi rejalashtirilgan edi.

Boryspildagi zavod qurilishi 2007-yil aprelida boshlangan va 2008-yil martida yakunlangan; dastlabki ishlab chiqarish 2008-yilda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan edi. Maqsad — yuqori sifatli dori vositalarini ishlab chiqarish va hozirda davolanish imkoniga ega bo‘lmagan millionlab kam ta’minlangan bemorlar uchun arzon terapiya manbaini yaratish edi. Alibek 2008-yil yozida, zavod ochilgandan qisqa vaqt o‘tib, MWB prezidenti lavozimidan ketgan.

Alibekning asosiy ilmiy yo‘nalishi kech bosqichdagi onkologik kasalliklar hamda boshqa surunkali degenerativ patologiyalar uchun yangi terapiya usullarini ishlab chiqish bo‘lgan. U surunkali virusli va bakterial infeksiyalarning yoshga bog‘liq kasalliklar hamda erta qarishdagi rolini o‘rganishga e’tibor qaratgan. Shuningdek, u kech bosqich saraton bemorlari uchun yangi tizimli immunoterapiya usullarini ishlab chiqib va amaliyotga joriy etgan.

U o‘z faoliyati davomida infeksion kasalliklarning saraton rivojlanishidagi roli haqida to‘qqizta ilmiy maqola chop etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://infectagentscancer.biomedcentral.com/articles?query=alibek&amp;searchType=journalSearch&amp;tab=keyword
 | title=Infeksion agentlar va saraton }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
===Qozog‘istondagi faoliyati===

2010-yilda Alibek Qozog‘istonga taklif qilinib, [[Astana]] shahridagi [[Nazarboyev universiteti]] Ilm-fan va texnologiya maktabida kimyo va biologiya kafedrasi rahbari sifatida ish boshlagan. U saratonga qarshi dorilar va umrni uzaytiruvchi preparatlar ishlab chiqish bilan shug‘ullangan, shuningdek, Respublika shoshilinch tibbiy yordam ilmiy markazi kengashi raisi bo‘lgan va Milliy onkologiya hamda transplantatsiya ilmiy markazini boshqargan.

U faoliyati davomida biologiya va tibbiyotning turli sohalarida kurslar o‘qigan hamda ilmiy jurnallarda bir qator maqolalar chop etgan. U surunkali infeksiyalar, metabolik buzilishlar va immunosupressiyaning saraton rivojlanishidagi ehtimoliy roliga e’tibor qaratgan.

2011-yilda Qozog‘iston ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofotini olgan. 2014-yilda esa Qozog‘iston Ta’lim va fan vaziri tomonidan ilmiy faoliyatdagi hissasi uchun medal bilan taqdirlangan.

Biroq yetti yil davomida uning ishlaridan sezilarli ilmiy natijalar chiqmagan. Shu davr ichida u “Saraton o‘smalariga qarshi yangi tizimli terapiya” loyihasi uchun davlat budjetidan 1 milliarddan ortiq tenge mablag‘ olgan. Taklif qilingan shved uslubidagi texnika keng qabul qilinmagan va saratonni davolovchi “panatseyaga” aylana olmadi. U tomonidan topshirilgan uchta patent arizasi Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi huzuridagi Milliy intellektual mulk institutida “yangilik yo‘qligi” sababli rad etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Капитанова |first=Ирина |date=2018-02-21 |title=Чем занимался подозреваемый в пособничеству Аблязову Кеннет Алибек после эмиграции в США |url=https://www.zakon.kz/4905091-chem-zanimalsya-podozrevaemyy-v.html
 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=zakon.kz |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yilda Alibek “El Tulgasy” milliy loyihasida “Ilm-fan” nominatsiyasiga nomzodlardan biri sifatida tanlangan. Ushbu loyiha Qozog‘istonning milliy yutuqlari bilan bog‘liq eng muhim fuqarolarni aniqlash uchun tashkil etilgan edi. Loyihada 350 000 dan ortiq odam ovoz bergan va Alibek o‘z toifasida 10-o‘rinni egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ЕЛ ТҰЛҒАСЫ / ИМЯ РОДИНЫ / События / Разделы сайта / Деловой журнал Exclusive|url=http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|date=2017-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321153157/http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2017-03-21}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.
===COVID-19===

Alibek pandemiyalar uchun vaksina ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha tajribaga ega. 2006-yilda uning yangi vaksinalarni ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha yangi tamoyillar haqidagi maqolasi Future Medicine jurnalida chop etilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/17460794.1.3.263
 | doi=10.2217/17460794.1.3.263 | title=21-asr virusologiyasidagi bahslar | date=2006 | last1=Richards | first1=Dan | last2=Alibek | first2=Kenneth | last3=Katze | first3=Michael G. | last4=Wainberg | first4=Mark A. | last5=Webby | first5=Richard J. | journal=Future Virology | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=263–268 | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2020-yil yanvar oyida Alibek COVID-19 va uning global muammoga aylanish ehtimoli haqida ogohlantirish bergan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/healthcare/pandemic-coronavirus-sars-ken-alibek?fbclid=IwAR2RkV5c7aub0u8QqOQFiN50zDQ2vx_LVc6aDEh8b8uRSJch-rbDSUT3qJU
 | title=Pandemiya bo‘yicha ekspert koronavirus SARS bilan ko‘p jihatdan o‘xshashligini aytadi | website=[[Fox Business]] | date=30 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uning virusga qarshi vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin himoyalanishning xavfsiz usullari haqidagi tadqiqoti keyinchalik Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) jurnalida chop etilgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://riojournal.com/article/61709/
 | doi=10.3897/rio.6.e61709 | doi-access=free | title=Vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin COVID-19dan himoyalanishning xavfsiz usuli mavjud | date=2020 | last1=Alibek | first1=Kenneth | last2=Tskhay | first2=Albina | journal=Research Ideas and Outcomes | volume=6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shuningdek, u Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons kitobida COVID-19 pandemiyasidan himoyalanish usullari haqida ikki bob yozgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Defending-Against-Biothreats-Coronavirus-Biological/dp/B08CJXNCMB
 | isbn=979-8-6643-8044-6 | title=Biotahdidlarga qarshi kurash: koronavirus pandemiyasidan AQShning pandemiyalar va biologik qurollarga qarshi himoyasini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha saboqlar | date=7 July 2020 | publisher=Independently published }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2021-yilda Alibek epidemiyalar sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar o‘tkazgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://osdife.org/25556/free-seminar-antiviral-biodefence-in-the-world-of-epidemic-uncertainties/
 | title=Epidemiya noaniqliklari sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar | date=4 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar ===

2007-yildan boshlab Alibek autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarni boshlagan. Bu yo‘nalishdagi ishlariga uning onkolog sifatidagi tajribasi hamda shaxsiy hayotidagi omil — qizi Mary orqali ushbu holat bilan bog‘liqligi sabab bo‘lgan. U bu kasallikni prenatal (homiladorlik davrida) virusli va bakterial infeksiyalar natijasida yuzaga keladi degan nazariyani qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.

Autizm spektr buzilishi ([[Autizm spektr buzilishi|ASB]]) bo‘lgan bemorlar ustida bir nechta tadqiqotlar o‘tkazilgan, jumladan 2018–2019-yillarda 57 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot, 2021–2023-yillarda 142 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot va 2023-yilda 32 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot. Bundan tashqari, 1000 dan ortiq bola ushbu protokol asosida davolangan. Bemorlar asosan sobiq [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] davlatlari va Ukrainada joylashgan bo‘lib, konsultatsiyalar asosan bepul telemeditsina xizmatlari orqali olib borilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqotlar davomida yallig‘lanishning aniq markerlari hamda biokimyoviy va neyropsixiatrik ko‘rsatkichlar aniqlanib, simptomlar kamayishi va holat yaxshilanishini baholash uchun obyektiv mezon sifatida foydalanilgan.

Alibek autizmning kelib chiqishi va davolash usullari bo‘yicha 6 ta ilmiy maqolani ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqiladigan (peer-reviewed) jurnallarda chop etgan. Shuningdek, u ushbu yangi davolash yondashuvi bo‘yicha 1 ta AQSh patenti olgan va 3 ta patent arizasini topshirgan.&lt;ref&gt;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Etiotropic and Pathogenetic Therapy of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Series of 6 Children. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 1(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A and Isakov T (2019) Prevalence of Prenatal, Neonatal and Postnatal Complications among Healthy Children and Children Diagnosed with ASD in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. J Gynecol Neonatal 2(1): 103;
Kenneth Alibek, Sean Farmer, Albina Tskhay, Alibek Moldakozhayev and Kira Alibek et al. (2019) Tendencies in Changes of Blood Parameters and in Autistic Symptoms Improvements as a Result of Antiviral Treatment: Descriptive Case Series of 11 Children from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. J Clin Case Rep Clin Res 1(1): 102;
Kenneth Alibek et al. (2019) The Role of Infection, Inflammation and Genetic Alterations in ASD Etiopathogenesis: A Review. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 2(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Treatment of Chronic and Latent Infections Combined with Nutritional Supplementation Positively Affects Quality of Life of ASD Children: Series of 30 Cases. J Nutr Diet Suppl 3(1): 102;
Alibek K, Niyazmetova L, Farmer S, Isakov T (2022) Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e91179.
&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Tanqidlar ===

2003-yil sentabr oyidagi yangiliklar xabarida Alibek va yana bir professor o‘z laboratoriya tadqiqotlariga asoslanib, [[chechak vaksinatsiyasi]] (smallpox vaccination) insonning [[OIV]]ga qarshi chidamliligini oshirishi mumkinligini ilgari surgan. Ushbu ish keyinchalik ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqish (peer review) jarayonida ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' va ''[[The Lancet]]'' jurnallari tomonidan rad etilgan va hozirda bu yo‘nalishda davom ettirilmaydi.

Chechak bo‘yicha mutaxassis va sobiq Oq uy ilmiy maslahatchisi [[Donald Henderson]] bu g‘oyani tanqid qilib, “bu biologik nuqtai nazardan umuman asosga ega emas... bu fikr mutlaqo mantiqsiz” deb ta’riflagan.

2010-yilda Alibek hammuallifligida ''Biomed Central - Immunology'' jurnalida maqola chop etilgan bo‘lib, unda Dryvax vaksinasining OIV replikatsiyasiga qarshi ma’lum darajada himoya berishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=David |date=2007-07-01 |title=Selling the threat of bioterrorism |url=[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html) |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alibek shuningdek “Dr. Ken Alibek's Immune System Support Formula” nomli [[dietary supplement|biologik qo‘shimcha]] mahsulotini internet orqali targ‘ib qilgan. Ushbu mahsulot vitaminlar, minerallar va maxsus bakterial aralashmadan iborat bo‘lib, immun tizimini “kuchaytiradi” deb da’vo qilingan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=[http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |title=&quot;Random Samples&quot;, ''Science'', 11 October 2002: Vol. 298. no. 5592, p. 359 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-date=7 February 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==

Alibekning rafiqasi va besh farzandi (ikki o‘g‘il va uch qiz) bor; ulardan biri qizi autizm bilan kasallangan.

== Nashrlar ==

; Kitoblar
{{See also|Biohazard (kitob)}}

*Alibek, Ken va Steven Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (kitob)|Biohazard]]: Dunyodagi eng yirik yashirin biologik qurol dasturi ichidan hikoya'', Random House, {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}.
*&quot;The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It safe? Does it Work?&quot; (2002), National Academy Press, Vashington, D.C., Institute of Medicine.
*''Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities'' (2002), National Academy Press.
*Weinstein, R.S. va K. Alibek (2003), ''Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Guide for Healthcare Providers and First Responders'', Thieme Medical Publishing, Nyu-York.
*Alibek, K. va boshq. (2003), ''Biological Weapons'', Bio-Prep, Louisiana.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2005), ''Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2006), ''New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fleitz, Alibek, Bryen, Rosett, Chang, DeSutter, Elliott, Faddis, Geraghty, Gibson (2020), ''Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons''.

; Kitob boblari
*&quot;Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism&quot; (2001), ''Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future''.
*''Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook'' (2002), Second Edition.
*K. Alibek, C. Lobanova, &quot;Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat&quot; (2006), ''Microorganisms and Bioterrorism''.

; Jurnallardagi maqolalari
*''[[The New York Times]]''
**&quot;Russia's Deadly Expertise&quot;, 27-mart 1998
**&quot;Smallpox Could Still Be a Danger&quot;, 24-may 1999
*''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
**&quot;Russia Retains Biological Weapons Capability&quot;, 2000-yil fevral
**&quot;Bioterror: A Very Real Threat&quot;, 2001-yil oktabr
*''[[The Washington Post]]''
**&quot;Anthrax under the Microscope&quot;, Matthew Meselson bilan, 2002-yil 5-noyabr

; AQSh Kongressi oldidagi ko‘rsatmalar
*1998-yil may — “Terrorist and Intelligence Operations: Potential Impact on the US Economy”
*1999-yil iyun — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*1999-yil oktabr — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2000-yil may — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2001-yil oktabr — “Combating Terrorism: Assessing the Threat of a Biological Weapons Attack”
*2001-yil dekabr — “Russia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox, and Other Bioterrorist Weapons”
*2001-yil noyabr — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*2005-yil iyul — “Implementing a National Biodefense Strategy”
*1999-yil mart — Biological Warfare Threats (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence)
*2005-yil iyul — “Engineering Bio-terror Agents”

; Mukofotlar va unvonlar
*2014 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vaziri mukofoti: “Fan rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan hissasi uchun”
*2011 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofoti: “Ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun”
*2007 — “Panacea Award”, Kiyev
*2005 — Harvard universiteti ma’ruza dasturi ishtirokchisi
*2005 — Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Senior Fellow
*2004 — George Mason University Outstanding Faculty Member Award
*2002 — Business Forward Magazine mukofoti
*2000 va 2002 — World Economic Forum ma’ruzachisi
*1994 — AQSh Kongressi mukofoti (Bronze Barkley medal)
*1989 — SSSR Mudofaa vazirligi: tibbiy xizmat polkovnigi
*1983 — “Harbiy xizmatlari uchun” medali```

== Manbalar ==

{{Reflist}}

&lt;references group=&quot;Weinstein, et al. BMC Immunology201011:23 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-23&quot; /&gt;

== Adabiyotlar ==
* &quot;Interview Dr. Ken Alibek&quot;, ''Journal of Homeland Security'', 2000-yil 18-sentabr
* {{cite magazine |author1=Preston, Richard |title=Annals of Warfare — Biologik qurol ishlab chiquvchilar |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/03/09/the-bioweaponeers |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=1 July 2023 |date=1998-03-09}}
* {{cite web |title=144 Cong. Rec. S1876 - RUSSIAN BW PROGRAM |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CREC-1998-03-12/CREC-1998-03-12-pt1-PgS1876 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=1 July 2023 |pages=1877–1882 |date=1998-03-12}}


[[Category:1950-yilda tug‘ilganlar]]
[[Category:20-asr amerikalik biologlar]]
[[Category:2001-yil kuydirgi (anthrax) hujumlari]]
[[Category:Qozoq-amerikalik olimlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistondan AQShga ko‘chib o‘tganlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistonlik olimlar]]
[[Category:Almaty viloyati aholisi]]
[[Category:Biologik qurol bilan bog‘liq shaxslar]]
[[Category:Sibir davlat tibbiyot universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Sovet biologik qurol dasturi]]
[[Category:Sovet mikrobiologlari]]
[[Category:Sovet harbiy shifokorlari]]
[[Category:The Heritage Foundation people]]</text>
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      <text bytes="29823" sha1="7td1yc98h5je22v5ricrnnreccua01c" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                  = Ken Alibek
| tasvir                = Alibek.jpg
| tasvir_eni            =
| izoh                  = 2003 yilda Alibek
| tavallud_sanasi       = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1950|01|01}}
| tavallud_joyi         = Kauchuk, Qozogʻiston SSR, SSSR
| vafot_sanasi          =
| vafot_joyi            =
| dafn etilgan joyi     =
| istiqomat_joylari     =
| fuqaroligi            = Qozoq-amerikalik
| millati               = Qozoq
| sohasi                = Mikrobiologiya, onkologiya, biologik qurollar
| ish_joylari           = [[Biopreparat]]
| institutlar           =
| alma_mater            = [[Siberian State Medical University|Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]
| tezis_sarlavhasi      =
| akademik_rahbarlari   =
| mashhur_shogirdlari   =
| mashhur_ishlari       = Sibir vabo (kuydirgi) ning eng virulent shtammini yaratish
| oʻtkazayotgan_taʼsiri  =
| koʻrsatgan_taʼsiri     =
| mukofotlari           = Barkley medali (1994)
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi      =
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}}

'''Kanatjan''' &quot;'''Kanat'''&quot; '''Baizakovich Alibekov'''&lt;ref&gt;{{langx|kk|Қанатжан Байзақұлы Әлібеков}}; {{langx|ru|Канатжан Байзакович Алибеков}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1950 yilda tugʻilgan), 1992 yildan beri '''Kenneth''' &quot;'''Ken'''&quot; '''Alibek''' nomi bilan tanilgan, [[Qozoq-amerikalik]] mikrobiolog, biologik qurollar sohasi mutaxassisi va tibbiyot (onkologiya) yoʻnalishidagi olimdir. U [[Biopreparat]] tashkilotining birinchi oʻrinbosar direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Courtney-Guy |first=Sam |date=2022-05-20 |title=Russia 'planned to use monkeypox as a bioweapon', report warned |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/05/20/russia-planned-to-use-monkeypox-as-a-bioweapon-report-warned-16680912/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sovet biologik qurol dasturida 1970–1980-yillar davomida ishlagan davrida Alibekov glander kasalligini va Marburg gemorragik isitmasini qurol sifatida ishlatish bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan hamda Rossiyada birinchi [[tulyaremiya]] bombasini yaratgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;&gt;[[Annie Jacobsen|Jacobsen, Annie]] (2015), ''The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top Secret Military Research Agency''; New York: [[Little, Brown and Company]], pg 293.&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning eng mashhur yutug‘i — “836-shtamm” deb atalgan, juda yuqori virulentlikka ega bo‘lgan yangi [[kuydirgi]] shtammini yaratish bo‘lib, u keyinchalik ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' tomonidan “insoniyatga maʼlum eng xavfli kuydirgi shtammi” deb taʼriflangan&lt;ref&gt;[[David Willman|Willman, David]] (2007), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html &quot;Selling the Threat of Bioterrorism&quot;], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 1 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;/&gt;.

1992 yilda u AQShga koʻchib oʻtdi va keyinchalik AQSh fuqaroligini oldi. Shundan soʻng u biodefense (biologik xavfsizlik mudofaasi) bo‘yicha maslahatchi, ma’ruzachi va tadbirkor sifatida faoliyat yuritdi. U AQSh hukumati uchun biodefense strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda ishtirok etgan va 1998–2005 yillar oralig‘ida AQSh Kongressi hamda boshqa davlatlarda bir necha bor guvohlik bergan. U Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturi to‘liq tugatilmagan deb hisoblaganini bildirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;. 1994 yilda u Kongress mukofoti — Barkley bronza medali bilan taqdirlangan.

2002 yilda Alibek United Press International agentligiga bergan intervyusida [[chechak]] (monkeypox) biologik qurol sifatida ishlab chiqilishi mumkinligi haqida xavotirlar borligini aytgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;.

2015 yilda Ogayo shtatida joylashgan Locus Fermentation Solutions kompaniyasi uni turli biologik faol molekulalar bo‘yicha ilmiy-tadqiqot va rivojlantirish ishlari bo‘yicha ijrochi vitse-prezident lavozimiga ishga qabul qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brian Albrecht |first=The Plain Dealer |date=2019-09-08 |title=Scientist who supervised Soviet biological weapons production now develops products to help people |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/09/scientist-who-supervised-soviet-biological-weapons-production-now-develops-products-to-help-people.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Alibek Kanat Alibekov nomi bilan [[Kauchuk]], [[Qozogʻiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi|Qozogʻiston SSR]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] (hozirgi [[Qozogʻiston]])da [[qozoqlar]] oilasida tugʻilgan. U respublikaning sobiq poytaxti [[Olmaota]] shahrida ulgʻaygan. U sertifikatlangan onkolog&lt;ref&gt;Biology of Cancer, Astana, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;, fan doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Moscow, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;, falsafa doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Moscow, 1984&lt;/ref&gt; hamda tibbiyot fanlari doktori hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;Military Medicine, Tomsk (Russia), 1975&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==
Harbiy tibbiyot bo‘yicha [[Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]da o‘qish davridagi yuqori akademik natijalari va oilasining vatanparvarligi sababli u Sovet Ittifoqi [[SSSR Vazirlar Kengashi]] tomonidan boshqariladigan yashirin biologik qurol dasturi — [[Biopreparat]] tizimiga ishga tanlab olindi. Uning birinchi tayinlanishi 1975 yilda [[Omutninsk]] yaqinidagi [[Amaliy biokimyo instituti]] (IAB)ning Sharqiy Yevropa bo‘limiga bo‘ldi. Bu markaz pestitsid ishlab chiqarish zavodi va urush vaqtida biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish uchun mo‘ljallangan zaxira obyekt edi. Omutninskda Alibek mikroorganizmlar o‘sishini optimallashtirish uchun turli oziqa muhitlari va yetishtirish sharoitlarini ishlab chiqdi va baholadi. Bu yerda u tibbiyot laboratoriya ko‘nikmalarini sanoat miqyosida mikroorganizmlar va ularning toksinlarini ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur bo‘lgan murakkab texnikaga aylantirdi&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, D. (2006), ''Lessons Learned from the Former Soviet Biological Warfare Program''; UMI Dissertation Services, UMI NO. 3231331&lt;/ref&gt;.

Bir yildan so‘ng u IABning [[Sibir]] bo‘limiga, [[Berdsk]] yaqiniga (Berdsk ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi deb ham ataladi) o‘tkazildi. U hamkasbi bilan birgalikda biologik formulalarni ishlab chiqarishni optimallashtirish texnikalarini ishlab chiqadigan mikrobiologiya laboratoriyasini loyihalashtirdi va qurdi.

Bir necha lavozim ko‘tarilishlaridan so‘ng u yana Omutninskka qaytarildi va u yerda direktor o‘rinbosari lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Keyinchalik u [[Qozogʻiston ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi]]ga, [[Stepnogorsk]]dagi (yana bir zaxira biologik qurol obyektiga) direktor etib tayinlandi. Rasmiy jihatdan u o‘g‘it va pestitsid ishlab chiqaruvchi “Progress” ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish birlashmasining direktor o‘rinbosari edi.

Stepnogorskda Alibek biologik formulalar uchun samarali sanoat miqyosidagi ishlab chiqarish liniyasini yaratdi. Urush sharoitida bu liniya qurollantirilgan [[kuydirgi]] ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin edi. Ilm-fan va biotexnologiyadagi muvaffaqiyatlari unga yana lavozim ko‘tarilishlarini olib keldi va natijada u [[Moskva]]ga o‘tkazildi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;Anderson (2006), ''Op. cit.''&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Biopreparat ===
Moskvada Alibek [[Biopreparat]] tarkibidagi biosafety boshqarmasi rahbarining o‘rinbosari sifatida xizmatini boshladi. 1988 yilda u Biopreparatning birinchi o‘rinbosar direktori lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Bu lavozimda u nafaqat biologik qurol obyektlarini, balki antibiotiklar, vaksinalar, zardoblar va interferon ishlab chiqaruvchi ko‘plab farmatsevtika korxonalarini ham nazorat qilgan.

1990 yil bahorida Tibbiyot va mikrobiologiya sanoati vazirligi qayta tashkil etilishi e’lon qilinganidan so‘ng, Alibek o‘sha paytdagi Bosh kotib [[Mixail Gorbachyov]]ga Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlanmalarini to‘xtatish bo‘yicha taklif xatini tayyorladi va yubordi. Gorbachyov bu taklifni ma’qulladi, biroq Alibekning loyihasiga yashirin ravishda qo‘shimcha band kiritilib, prezident farmoni Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlarini to‘xtatishni buyurgan bo‘lsa-da, ularni kelajakda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarishga tayyor holda qolishga ham majbur qildi.

Alibek Biopreparatdagi mavqei va farmonning birinchi qismi unga bergan vakolatdan foydalanib, bir qator ilmiy-tadqiqot va ishlab chiqarish markazlarida, jumladan [[Stepnogorsk]], [[Koltsovo (Novosibirsk viloyati)|Koltsovo]], [[Obolensk (Jukovskiy tumani, Kaluga viloyati)|Obolensk]] va boshqa joylarda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish va sinov infratuzilmasini demontaj qilishni boshladi. U bir vaqtning o‘zida “Biomash” deb nomlangan Biopreparat korxonasiga ham tayinlanishni muhokama qildi. Biomash mikroorganizmlarni yetishtirish va sinash uchun texnik uskunalar ishlab chiqardi va ishlab chiqarardi. U ushbu mahsulotlarning shifoxonalar va fuqarolik tibbiyot laboratoriyalariga yuboriladigan qismini o‘sha paytdagi 40% dan ham oshirishni rejalashtirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;.

1991 yil dekabrida Sovet Ittifoqi parchalangach, Alibek Sovet biologik obyektlarini AQSh va Britaniya delegatsiyasi tomonidan tekshirishga tayyorlash bo‘yicha intensiv jarayonlarga rahbarlik qildi. Keyinchalik u AQShdagi obyektlarni tekshirishda ham ishtirok etdi va shu jarayonda AQShda hujumkor biologik qurol dasturi yo‘qligiga ishonchi mustahkamlandi. 1992 yil yanvarida, AQShdan qaytgach, u Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturini davom ettirishiga qarshi chiqdi va Rossiya armiyasi hamda Biopreparatdan iste’fo berdi.

=== AQShga immigratsiya ===
1992 yil oktabr oyida Alibek oilasi bilan birga AQShga ko‘chib o‘tdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;. AQShga kelgach, u AQSh hukumatiga sobiq Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berdi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ([[CIA]]) so‘roqlari davomida u Sovet Ittifoqining juda virulent [[chechak]] shtammini qurolga aylantirish bo‘yicha ishlari haqida ma’lumot berdi — yuzlab tonna virus bombalar yoki ballistik raketalar orqali tarqatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Flight |first=Colette |date=2011-02-17 |title=Silent Weapon: Smallpox and Biological Warfare |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/pox_weapon_01.shtml |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=BBC History |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida ma’lumotlar bundan oldin, 1989 yilda defekt olim [[Vladimir Pasechnik]] tomonidan ham berilgan edi.

Alibek AQSh Kongressi oldida bir necha bor guvohlik bergan va AQSh razvedkasi, milliy xavfsizlik va tibbiyot tizimlariga maslahatlar bergan.

U [[Jorj Meyson universiteti]]dagi [[Schar School of Policy and Government]] qoshida biodefense magistratura dasturini tashkil etishga turtki bo‘lgan hamda “tibbiy mikrobiologiya bo‘yicha faxriy professor” va dastur direktori sifatida ishlagan. Shuningdek, u universitetning [[biosafety level]] 3 (BSL-3) laboratoriyasi qurilishi rejasini ishlab chiqqan va uning qurilishi uchun federal va shtat hukumatlaridan 40 million dollar grant jalb qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot; /&gt;.

1993–1999 yillar oralig‘ida Alibek bir nechta ilmiy-tadqiqot lavozimlarida ishladi, jumladan AQSh Milliy Sog‘liqni Saqlash Instituti (NIH)da tashrif buyuruvchi olim sifatida silga qarshi yangi vaksina antigenlarini o‘rgangan; SRS Technologies kompaniyasida xorijiy davlatlarning biotexnologik ishlanmalarini tahlil qilgan; hamda Battelle Memorial Institute’da tibbiy biotexnologiya va fermentatsiya uskunalari bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan.

1999 yilda u Sovet Ittifoqidagi faoliyati va defekti haqida avtobiografik kitob nashr qildi&lt;ref&gt;Alibek, Ken and Stephen Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (book)|Biohazard]]: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It'', Delta (2000) {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iroq haqida gapirar ekan, u Iroq [[Saddam Husayn]] rahbarligida chechak yoki kuydirgini qo‘lga kiritishi mumkinligi haqida “hech shubha yo‘q” deb aytgan. Biroq keyinchalik Iroqda biologik qurollar topilmagan.
===Tadbirkor va ilmiy boshqaruvchi===

Alibek AQShning [[Merilend shtati]], [[Gaithersburg]] shahrida joylashgan AFG Biosolutions, Inc kompaniyasida prezident, bosh ilmiy xodim va ijrochi direktor bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afgbio.com/|title=afgbio.com|website=www.afgbio.com|accessdate=May
 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U va uning ilmiy jamoasi mikroblarga qarshi immunitet uchun ilg‘or yechimlarni ishlab chiqishni davom ettirgan. [[Sharqiy Yevropa]] va [[Markaziy Osiyo]]da arzon saratonga qarshi davolash usullari yetishmasligi sababli, AFG Alibekning biotexnologiya tajribasidan foydalangan holda ushbu muammoni hal qilish uchun maxsus yangi farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish zavodini rejalashtirish, qurish va boshqarish bilan shug‘ullangan.

Alibek 2006-yilda MaxWell Biocorporation (MWB) nomli yangi farmatsevtika kompaniyasini tashkil etgan va uning prezidenti hamda bosh ijrochi direktori bo‘lib ishlagan. Kompaniya [[Vashington, D.C.]]da joylashgan bo‘lib, AQSh va [[Ukraina]]da bir nechta sho‘ba korxonalari va hamkor tashkilotlariga ega edi. MWBning asosiy maqsadi Ukrainada yirik, yuqori texnologiyali va zamonaviy “fill-and-finish” farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish korxonasini qurish edi.

Bu korxonada ishlab chiqariladigan patent muddati tugagan generik dorilar og‘ir onkologik, kardiologik, immunologik va surunkali infeksion kasalliklarni davolashga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lishi rejalashtirilgan edi.

Boryspildagi zavod qurilishi 2007-yil aprelida boshlangan va 2008-yil martida yakunlangan; dastlabki ishlab chiqarish 2008-yilda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan edi. Maqsad — yuqori sifatli dori vositalarini ishlab chiqarish va hozirda davolanish imkoniga ega bo‘lmagan millionlab kam ta’minlangan bemorlar uchun arzon terapiya manbaini yaratish edi. Alibek 2008-yil yozida, zavod ochilgandan qisqa vaqt o‘tib, MWB prezidenti lavozimidan ketgan.

Alibekning asosiy ilmiy yo‘nalishi kech bosqichdagi onkologik kasalliklar hamda boshqa surunkali degenerativ patologiyalar uchun yangi terapiya usullarini ishlab chiqish bo‘lgan. U surunkali virusli va bakterial infeksiyalarning yoshga bog‘liq kasalliklar hamda erta qarishdagi rolini o‘rganishga e’tibor qaratgan. Shuningdek, u kech bosqich saraton bemorlari uchun yangi tizimli immunoterapiya usullarini ishlab chiqib va amaliyotga joriy etgan.

U o‘z faoliyati davomida infeksion kasalliklarning saraton rivojlanishidagi roli haqida to‘qqizta ilmiy maqola chop etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://infectagentscancer.biomedcentral.com/articles?query=alibek&amp;searchType=journalSearch&amp;tab=keyword
 | title=Infeksion agentlar va saraton }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
===Qozog‘istondagi faoliyati===

2010-yilda Alibek Qozog‘istonga taklif qilinib, [[Astana]] shahridagi [[Nazarboyev universiteti]] Ilm-fan va texnologiya maktabida kimyo va biologiya kafedrasi rahbari sifatida ish boshlagan. U saratonga qarshi dorilar va umrni uzaytiruvchi preparatlar ishlab chiqish bilan shug‘ullangan, shuningdek, Respublika shoshilinch tibbiy yordam ilmiy markazi kengashi raisi bo‘lgan va Milliy onkologiya hamda transplantatsiya ilmiy markazini boshqargan.

U faoliyati davomida biologiya va tibbiyotning turli sohalarida kurslar o‘qigan hamda ilmiy jurnallarda bir qator maqolalar chop etgan. U surunkali infeksiyalar, metabolik buzilishlar va immunosupressiyaning saraton rivojlanishidagi ehtimoliy roliga e’tibor qaratgan.

2011-yilda Qozog‘iston ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofotini olgan. 2014-yilda esa Qozog‘iston Ta’lim va fan vaziri tomonidan ilmiy faoliyatdagi hissasi uchun medal bilan taqdirlangan.

Biroq yetti yil davomida uning ishlaridan sezilarli ilmiy natijalar chiqmagan. Shu davr ichida u “Saraton o‘smalariga qarshi yangi tizimli terapiya” loyihasi uchun davlat budjetidan 1 milliarddan ortiq tenge mablag‘ olgan. Taklif qilingan shved uslubidagi texnika keng qabul qilinmagan va saratonni davolovchi “panatseyaga” aylana olmadi. U tomonidan topshirilgan uchta patent arizasi Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi huzuridagi Milliy intellektual mulk institutida “yangilik yo‘qligi” sababli rad etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Капитанова |first=Ирина |date=2018-02-21 |title=Чем занимался подозреваемый в пособничеству Аблязову Кеннет Алибек после эмиграции в США |url=https://www.zakon.kz/4905091-chem-zanimalsya-podozrevaemyy-v.html
 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=zakon.kz |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yilda Alibek “El Tulgasy” milliy loyihasida “Ilm-fan” nominatsiyasiga nomzodlardan biri sifatida tanlangan. Ushbu loyiha Qozog‘istonning milliy yutuqlari bilan bog‘liq eng muhim fuqarolarni aniqlash uchun tashkil etilgan edi. Loyihada 350 000 dan ortiq odam ovoz bergan va Alibek o‘z toifasida 10-o‘rinni egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ЕЛ ТҰЛҒАСЫ / ИМЯ РОДИНЫ / События / Разделы сайта / Деловой журнал Exclusive|url=http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|date=2017-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321153157/http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2017-03-21}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.
===COVID-19===

Alibek pandemiyalar uchun vaksina ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha tajribaga ega. 2006-yilda uning yangi vaksinalarni ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha yangi tamoyillar haqidagi maqolasi Future Medicine jurnalida chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/17460794.1.3.263
 | doi=10.2217/17460794.1.3.263 | title=21-asr virusologiyasidagi bahslar | date=2006 | last1=Richards | first1=Dan | last2=Alibek | first2=Kenneth | last3=Katze | first3=Michael G. | last4=Wainberg | first4=Mark A. | last5=Webby | first5=Richard J. | journal=Future Virology | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=263–268 | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2020-yil yanvar oyida Alibek COVID-19 va uning global muammoga aylanish ehtimoli haqida ogohlantirish bergan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/healthcare/pandemic-coronavirus-sars-ken-alibek?fbclid=IwAR2RkV5c7aub0u8QqOQFiN50zDQ2vx_LVc6aDEh8b8uRSJch-rbDSUT3qJU
 | title=Pandemiya bo‘yicha ekspert koronavirus SARS bilan ko‘p jihatdan o‘xshashligini aytadi | website=[[Fox Business]] | date=30 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning virusga qarshi vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin himoyalanishning xavfsiz usullari haqidagi tadqiqoti keyinchalik Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) jurnalida chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://riojournal.com/article/61709/
 | doi=10.3897/rio.6.e61709 | doi-access=free | title=Vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin COVID-19dan himoyalanishning xavfsiz usuli mavjud | date=2020 | last1=Alibek | first1=Kenneth | last2=Tskhay | first2=Albina | journal=Research Ideas and Outcomes | volume=6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shuningdek, u Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons kitobida COVID-19 pandemiyasidan himoyalanish usullari haqida ikki bob yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Defending-Against-Biothreats-Coronavirus-Biological/dp/B08CJXNCMB
 | isbn=979-8-6643-8044-6 | title=Biotahdidlarga qarshi kurash: koronavirus pandemiyasidan AQShning pandemiyalar va biologik qurollarga qarshi himoyasini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha saboqlar | date=7 July 2020 | publisher=Independently published }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2021-yilda Alibek epidemiyalar sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar o‘tkazgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://osdife.org/25556/free-seminar-antiviral-biodefence-in-the-world-of-epidemic-uncertainties/
 | title=Epidemiya noaniqliklari sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar | date=4 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar ===

2007-yildan boshlab Alibek autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarni boshlagan. Bu yo‘nalishdagi ishlariga uning onkolog sifatidagi tajribasi hamda shaxsiy hayotidagi omil — qizi Mary orqali ushbu holat bilan bog‘liqligi sabab bo‘lgan. U bu kasallikni prenatal (homiladorlik davrida) virusli va bakterial infeksiyalar natijasida yuzaga keladi degan nazariyani qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.

Autizm spektr buzilishi ([[Autizm spektr buzilishi|ASB]]) bo‘lgan bemorlar ustida bir nechta tadqiqotlar o‘tkazilgan, jumladan 2018–2019-yillarda 57 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot, 2021–2023-yillarda 142 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot va 2023-yilda 32 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot. Bundan tashqari, 1000 dan ortiq bola ushbu protokol asosida davolangan. Bemorlar asosan sobiq [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] davlatlari va Ukrainada joylashgan bo‘lib, konsultatsiyalar asosan bepul telemeditsina xizmatlari orqali olib borilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqotlar davomida yallig‘lanishning aniq markerlari hamda biokimyoviy va neyropsixiatrik ko‘rsatkichlar aniqlanib, simptomlar kamayishi va holat yaxshilanishini baholash uchun obyektiv mezon sifatida foydalanilgan.

Alibek autizmning kelib chiqishi va davolash usullari bo‘yicha 6 ta ilmiy maqolani ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqiladigan (peer-reviewed) jurnallarda chop etgan. Shuningdek, u ushbu yangi davolash yondashuvi bo‘yicha 1 ta AQSh patenti olgan va 3 ta patent arizasini topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Etiotropic and Pathogenetic Therapy of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Series of 6 Children. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 1(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A and Isakov T (2019) Prevalence of Prenatal, Neonatal and Postnatal Complications among Healthy Children and Children Diagnosed with ASD in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. J Gynecol Neonatal 2(1): 103;
Kenneth Alibek, Sean Farmer, Albina Tskhay, Alibek Moldakozhayev and Kira Alibek et al. (2019) Tendencies in Changes of Blood Parameters and in Autistic Symptoms Improvements as a Result of Antiviral Treatment: Descriptive Case Series of 11 Children from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. J Clin Case Rep Clin Res 1(1): 102;
Kenneth Alibek et al. (2019) The Role of Infection, Inflammation and Genetic Alterations in ASD Etiopathogenesis: A Review. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 2(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Treatment of Chronic and Latent Infections Combined with Nutritional Supplementation Positively Affects Quality of Life of ASD Children: Series of 30 Cases. J Nutr Diet Suppl 3(1): 102;
Alibek K, Niyazmetova L, Farmer S, Isakov T (2022) Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e91179.
&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Tanqidlar ===

2003-yil sentabr oyidagi yangiliklar xabarida Alibek va yana bir professor o‘z laboratoriya tadqiqotlariga asoslanib, [[chechak vaksinatsiyasi]] (smallpox vaccination) insonning [[OIV]]ga qarshi chidamliligini oshirishi mumkinligini ilgari surgan. Ushbu ish keyinchalik ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqish (peer review) jarayonida ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' va ''[[The Lancet]]'' jurnallari tomonidan rad etilgan va hozirda bu yo‘nalishda davom ettirilmaydi.

Chechak bo‘yicha mutaxassis va sobiq Oq uy ilmiy maslahatchisi [[Donald Henderson]] bu g‘oyani tanqid qilib, “bu biologik nuqtai nazardan umuman asosga ega emas... bu fikr mutlaqo mantiqsiz” deb ta’riflagan.

2010-yilda Alibek hammuallifligida ''Biomed Central - Immunology'' jurnalida maqola chop etilgan bo‘lib, unda Dryvax vaksinasining OIV replikatsiyasiga qarshi ma’lum darajada himoya berishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=David |date=2007-07-01 |title=Selling the threat of bioterrorism |url=[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html) |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Alibek shuningdek “Dr. Ken Alibek's Immune System Support Formula” nomli [[dietary supplement|biologik qo‘shimcha]] mahsulotini internet orqali targ‘ib qilgan. Ushbu mahsulot vitaminlar, minerallar va maxsus bakterial aralashmadan iborat bo‘lib, immun tizimini “kuchaytiradi” deb da’vo qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=[http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |title=&quot;Random Samples&quot;, ''Science'', 11 October 2002: Vol. 298. no. 5592, p. 359 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-date=7 February 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==

Alibekning rafiqasi va besh farzandi (ikki o‘g‘il va uch qiz) bor; ulardan biri qizi autizm bilan kasallangan.

== Nashrlar ==

; Kitoblar
{{See also|Biohazard (kitob)}}

*Alibek, Ken va Steven Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (kitob)|Biohazard]]: Dunyodagi eng yirik yashirin biologik qurol dasturi ichidan hikoya'', Random House, {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}.
*&quot;The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It safe? Does it Work?&quot; (2002), National Academy Press, Vashington, D.C., Institute of Medicine.
*''Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities'' (2002), National Academy Press.
*Weinstein, R.S. va K. Alibek (2003), ''Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Guide for Healthcare Providers and First Responders'', Thieme Medical Publishing, Nyu-York.
*Alibek, K. va boshq. (2003), ''Biological Weapons'', Bio-Prep, Louisiana.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2005), ''Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2006), ''New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fleitz, Alibek, Bryen, Rosett, Chang, DeSutter, Elliott, Faddis, Geraghty, Gibson (2020), ''Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons''.

; Kitob boblari
*&quot;Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism&quot; (2001), ''Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future''.
*''Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook'' (2002), Second Edition.
*K. Alibek, C. Lobanova, &quot;Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat&quot; (2006), ''Microorganisms and Bioterrorism''.

; Jurnallardagi maqolalari
*''[[The New York Times]]''
**&quot;Russia's Deadly Expertise&quot;, 27-mart 1998
**&quot;Smallpox Could Still Be a Danger&quot;, 24-may 1999
*''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
**&quot;Russia Retains Biological Weapons Capability&quot;, 2000-yil fevral
**&quot;Bioterror: A Very Real Threat&quot;, 2001-yil oktabr
*''[[The Washington Post]]''
**&quot;Anthrax under the Microscope&quot;, Matthew Meselson bilan, 2002-yil 5-noyabr

; AQSh Kongressi oldidagi ko‘rsatmalar
*1998-yil may — “Terrorist and Intelligence Operations: Potential Impact on the US Economy”
*1999-yil iyun — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*1999-yil oktabr — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2000-yil may — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2001-yil oktabr — “Combating Terrorism: Assessing the Threat of a Biological Weapons Attack”
*2001-yil dekabr — “Russia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox, and Other Bioterrorist Weapons”
*2001-yil noyabr — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*2005-yil iyul — “Implementing a National Biodefense Strategy”
*1999-yil mart — Biological Warfare Threats (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence)
*2005-yil iyul — “Engineering Bio-terror Agents”

; Mukofotlar va unvonlar
*2014 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vaziri mukofoti: “Fan rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan hissasi uchun”
*2011 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofoti: “Ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun”
*2007 — “Panacea Award”, Kiyev
*2005 — Harvard universiteti ma’ruza dasturi ishtirokchisi
*2005 — Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Senior Fellow
*2004 — George Mason University Outstanding Faculty Member Award
*2002 — Business Forward Magazine mukofoti
*2000 va 2002 — World Economic Forum ma’ruzachisi
*1994 — AQSh Kongressi mukofoti (Bronze Barkley medal)
*1989 — SSSR Mudofaa vazirligi: tibbiy xizmat polkovnigi
*1983 — “Harbiy xizmatlari uchun” medali```

== Manbalar ==

{{Reflist}}

&lt;references group=&quot;Weinstein, et al. BMC Immunology201011:23 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-23&quot; /&gt;

== Adabiyotlar ==
* &quot;Interview Dr. Ken Alibek&quot;, ''Journal of Homeland Security'', 2000-yil 18-sentabr
* {{cite magazine |author1=Preston, Richard |title=Annals of Warfare — Biologik qurol ishlab chiquvchilar |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/03/09/the-bioweaponeers |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=1 July 2023 |date=1998-03-09}}
* {{cite web |title=144 Cong. Rec. S1876 - RUSSIAN BW PROGRAM |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CREC-1998-03-12/CREC-1998-03-12-pt1-PgS1876 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=1 July 2023 |pages=1877–1882 |date=1998-03-12}}


[[Category:1950-yilda tug‘ilganlar]]
[[Category:20-asr amerikalik biologlar]]
[[Category:2001-yil kuydirgi (anthrax) hujumlari]]
[[Category:Qozoq-amerikalik olimlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistondan AQShga ko‘chib o‘tganlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistonlik olimlar]]
[[Category:Almaty viloyati aholisi]]
[[Category:Biologik qurol bilan bog‘liq shaxslar]]
[[Category:Sibir davlat tibbiyot universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Sovet biologik qurol dasturi]]
[[Category:Sovet mikrobiologlari]]
[[Category:Sovet harbiy shifokorlari]]
[[Category:The Heritage Foundation people]]</text>
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      <text bytes="29784" sha1="slfq6puiuk7r85h1ga6yg485938awjs" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                  = Ken Alibek
| tasvir                = Alibek.jpg
| tasvir_eni            =
| izoh                  = 2003 yilda Alibek
| tavallud_sanasi       = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1950|01|01}}
| tavallud_joyi         = Kauchuk, Qozogʻiston SSR, SSSR
| vafot_sanasi          =
| vafot_joyi            =
| dafn etilgan joyi     =
| istiqomat_joylari     =
| fuqaroligi            = Qozoq-amerikalik
| millati               = Qozoq
| sohasi                = Mikrobiologiya, onkologiya, biologik qurollar
| ish_joylari           = [[Biopreparat]]
| institutlar           =
| alma_mater            = [[Siberian State Medical University|Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]
| tezis_sarlavhasi      =
| akademik_rahbarlari   =
| mashhur_shogirdlari   =
| mashhur_ishlari       = Sibir vabo (kuydirgi) ning eng virulent shtammini yaratish
| oʻtkazayotgan_taʼsiri  =
| koʻrsatgan_taʼsiri     =
| mukofotlari           = Barkley medali (1994)
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi      =
| dini                  =
| vebsayt               =
}}

'''Kanatjan''' &quot;'''Kanat'''&quot; '''Baizakovich Alibekov'''&lt;ref&gt;{{langx|kk|Қанатжан Байзақұлы Әлібеков}}; {{langx|ru|Канатжан Байзакович Алибеков}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1950 yilda tugʻilgan), 1992 yildan beri '''Kenneth''' &quot;'''Ken'''&quot; '''Alibek''' nomi bilan tanilgan, [[Qozoq-amerikalik]] mikrobiolog, biologik qurollar sohasi mutaxassisi va tibbiyot (onkologiya) yoʻnalishidagi olimdir. U [[Biopreparat]] tashkilotining birinchi oʻrinbosar direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Courtney-Guy |first=Sam |date=2022-05-20 |title=Russia 'planned to use monkeypox as a bioweapon', report warned |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/05/20/russia-planned-to-use-monkeypox-as-a-bioweapon-report-warned-16680912/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sovet biologik qurol dasturida 1970–1980-yillar davomida ishlagan davrida Alibekov glander kasalligini va Marburg gemorragik isitmasini qurol sifatida ishlatish bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan hamda Rossiyada birinchi [[tulyaremiya]] bombasini yaratgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;&gt;[[Annie Jacobsen|Jacobsen, Annie]] (2015), ''The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top Secret Military Research Agency''; New York: [[Little, Brown and Company]], pg 293.&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning eng mashhur yutug‘i — “836-shtamm” deb atalgan, juda yuqori virulentlikka ega bo‘lgan yangi [[kuydirgi]] shtammini yaratish bo‘lib, u keyinchalik ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' tomonidan “insoniyatga maʼlum eng xavfli kuydirgi shtammi” deb taʼriflangan&lt;ref&gt;[[David Willman|Willman, David]] (2007), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html &quot;Selling the Threat of Bioterrorism&quot;], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 1 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;/&gt;.

1992 yilda u AQShga koʻchib oʻtdi va keyinchalik AQSh fuqaroligini oldi. Shundan soʻng u biodefense (biologik xavfsizlik mudofaasi) bo‘yicha maslahatchi, ma’ruzachi va tadbirkor sifatida faoliyat yuritdi. U AQSh hukumati uchun biodefense strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda ishtirok etgan va 1998–2005 yillar oralig‘ida AQSh Kongressi hamda boshqa davlatlarda bir necha bor guvohlik bergan. U Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturi to‘liq tugatilmagan deb hisoblaganini bildirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;. 1994 yilda u Kongress mukofoti — Barkley bronza medali bilan taqdirlangan.

2002 yilda Alibek United Press International agentligiga bergan intervyusida [[chechak]] (monkeypox) biologik qurol sifatida ishlab chiqilishi mumkinligi haqida xavotirlar borligini aytgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;.

2015 yilda Ogayo shtatida joylashgan Locus Fermentation Solutions kompaniyasi uni turli biologik faol molekulalar bo‘yicha ilmiy-tadqiqot va rivojlantirish ishlari bo‘yicha ijrochi vitse-prezident lavozimiga ishga qabul qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brian Albrecht |first=The Plain Dealer |date=2019-09-08 |title=Scientist who supervised Soviet biological weapons production now develops products to help people |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/09/scientist-who-supervised-soviet-biological-weapons-production-now-develops-products-to-help-people.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Alibek Kanat Alibekov nomi bilan [[Kauchuk]], [[Qozogʻiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi|Qozogʻiston SSR]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] (hozirgi [[Qozogʻiston]])da [[qozoqlar]] oilasida tugʻilgan. U respublikaning sobiq poytaxti [[Olmaota]] shahrida ulgʻaygan. U sertifikatlangan onkolog&lt;ref&gt;Biology of Cancer, Astana, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;, fan doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Moscow, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;, falsafa doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Moscow, 1984&lt;/ref&gt; hamda tibbiyot fanlari doktori hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;Military Medicine, Tomsk (Russia), 1975&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==
Harbiy tibbiyot bo‘yicha [[Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]da o‘qish davridagi yuqori akademik natijalari va oilasining vatanparvarligi sababli u Sovet Ittifoqi [[SSSR Vazirlar Kengashi]] tomonidan boshqariladigan yashirin biologik qurol dasturi — [[Biopreparat]] tizimiga ishga tanlab olindi. Uning birinchi tayinlanishi 1975 yilda [[Omutninsk]] yaqinidagi [[Amaliy biokimyo instituti]] (IAB)ning Sharqiy Yevropa bo‘limiga bo‘ldi. Bu markaz pestitsid ishlab chiqarish zavodi va urush vaqtida biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish uchun mo‘ljallangan zaxira obyekt edi. Omutninskda Alibek mikroorganizmlar o‘sishini optimallashtirish uchun turli oziqa muhitlari va yetishtirish sharoitlarini ishlab chiqdi va baholadi. Bu yerda u tibbiyot laboratoriya ko‘nikmalarini sanoat miqyosida mikroorganizmlar va ularning toksinlarini ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur bo‘lgan murakkab texnikaga aylantirdi&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, D. (2006), ''Lessons Learned from the Former Soviet Biological Warfare Program''; UMI Dissertation Services, UMI NO. 3231331&lt;/ref&gt;.

Bir yildan so‘ng u IABning [[Sibir]] bo‘limiga, [[Berdsk]] yaqiniga (Berdsk ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi deb ham ataladi) o‘tkazildi. U hamkasbi bilan birgalikda biologik formulalarni ishlab chiqarishni optimallashtirish texnikalarini ishlab chiqadigan mikrobiologiya laboratoriyasini loyihalashtirdi va qurdi.

Bir necha lavozim ko‘tarilishlaridan so‘ng u yana Omutninskka qaytarildi va u yerda direktor o‘rinbosari lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Keyinchalik u [[Qozogʻiston ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi]]ga, [[Stepnogorsk]]dagi (yana bir zaxira biologik qurol obyektiga) direktor etib tayinlandi. Rasmiy jihatdan u o‘g‘it va pestitsid ishlab chiqaruvchi “Progress” ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish birlashmasining direktor o‘rinbosari edi.

Stepnogorskda Alibek biologik formulalar uchun samarali sanoat miqyosidagi ishlab chiqarish liniyasini yaratdi. Urush sharoitida bu liniya qurollantirilgan [[kuydirgi]] ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin edi. Ilm-fan va biotexnologiyadagi muvaffaqiyatlari unga yana lavozim ko‘tarilishlarini olib keldi va natijada u [[Moskva]]ga o‘tkazildi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;Anderson (2006), ''Op. cit.''&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Biopreparat ===
Moskvada Alibek [[Biopreparat]] tarkibidagi biosafety boshqarmasi rahbarining o‘rinbosari sifatida xizmatini boshladi. 1988 yilda u Biopreparatning birinchi o‘rinbosar direktori lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Bu lavozimda u nafaqat biologik qurol obyektlarini, balki antibiotiklar, vaksinalar, zardoblar va interferon ishlab chiqaruvchi ko‘plab farmatsevtika korxonalarini ham nazorat qilgan.

1990 yil bahorida Tibbiyot va mikrobiologiya sanoati vazirligi qayta tashkil etilishi e’lon qilinganidan so‘ng, Alibek o‘sha paytdagi Bosh kotib [[Mixail Gorbachyov]]ga Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlanmalarini to‘xtatish bo‘yicha taklif xatini tayyorladi va yubordi. Gorbachyov bu taklifni ma’qulladi, biroq Alibekning loyihasiga yashirin ravishda qo‘shimcha band kiritilib, prezident farmoni Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlarini to‘xtatishni buyurgan bo‘lsa-da, ularni kelajakda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarishga tayyor holda qolishga ham majbur qildi.

Alibek Biopreparatdagi mavqei va farmonning birinchi qismi unga bergan vakolatdan foydalanib, bir qator ilmiy-tadqiqot va ishlab chiqarish markazlarida, jumladan [[Stepnogorsk]], [[Koltsovo (Novosibirsk viloyati)|Koltsovo]], [[Obolensk (Jukovskiy tumani, Kaluga viloyati)|Obolensk]] va boshqa joylarda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish va sinov infratuzilmasini demontaj qilishni boshladi. U bir vaqtning o‘zida “Biomash” deb nomlangan Biopreparat korxonasiga ham tayinlanishni muhokama qildi. Biomash mikroorganizmlarni yetishtirish va sinash uchun texnik uskunalar ishlab chiqardi va ishlab chiqarardi. U ushbu mahsulotlarning shifoxonalar va fuqarolik tibbiyot laboratoriyalariga yuboriladigan qismini o‘sha paytdagi 40% dan ham oshirishni rejalashtirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;.

1991 yil dekabrida Sovet Ittifoqi parchalangach, Alibek Sovet biologik obyektlarini AQSh va Britaniya delegatsiyasi tomonidan tekshirishga tayyorlash bo‘yicha intensiv jarayonlarga rahbarlik qildi. Keyinchalik u AQShdagi obyektlarni tekshirishda ham ishtirok etdi va shu jarayonda AQShda hujumkor biologik qurol dasturi yo‘qligiga ishonchi mustahkamlandi. 1992 yil yanvarida, AQShdan qaytgach, u Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturini davom ettirishiga qarshi chiqdi va Rossiya armiyasi hamda Biopreparatdan iste’fo berdi.

=== AQShga immigratsiya ===
1992 yil oktabr oyida Alibek oilasi bilan birga AQShga ko‘chib o‘tdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;. AQShga kelgach, u AQSh hukumatiga sobiq Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berdi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ([[CIA]]) so‘roqlari davomida u Sovet Ittifoqining juda virulent [[chechak]] shtammini qurolga aylantirish bo‘yicha ishlari haqida ma’lumot berdi — yuzlab tonna virus bombalar yoki ballistik raketalar orqali tarqatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Flight |first=Colette |date=2011-02-17 |title=Silent Weapon: Smallpox and Biological Warfare |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/pox_weapon_01.shtml |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=BBC History |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida ma’lumotlar bundan oldin, 1989 yilda defekt olim [[Vladimir Pasechnik]] tomonidan ham berilgan edi.

Alibek AQSh Kongressi oldida bir necha bor guvohlik bergan va AQSh razvedkasi, milliy xavfsizlik va tibbiyot tizimlariga maslahatlar bergan.

U [[Jorj Meyson universiteti]]dagi [[Schar School of Policy and Government]] qoshida biodefense magistratura dasturini tashkil etishga turtki bo‘lgan hamda “tibbiy mikrobiologiya bo‘yicha faxriy professor” va dastur direktori sifatida ishlagan. Shuningdek, u universitetning [[biosafety level]] 3 (BSL-3) laboratoriyasi qurilishi rejasini ishlab chiqqan va uning qurilishi uchun federal va shtat hukumatlaridan 40 million dollar grant jalb qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot; /&gt;.

1993–1999 yillar oralig‘ida Alibek bir nechta ilmiy-tadqiqot lavozimlarida ishladi, jumladan AQSh Milliy Sog‘liqni Saqlash Instituti (NIH)da tashrif buyuruvchi olim sifatida silga qarshi yangi vaksina antigenlarini o‘rgangan; SRS Technologies kompaniyasida xorijiy davlatlarning biotexnologik ishlanmalarini tahlil qilgan; hamda Battelle Memorial Institute’da tibbiy biotexnologiya va fermentatsiya uskunalari bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan.

1999 yilda u Sovet Ittifoqidagi faoliyati va defekti haqida avtobiografik kitob nashr qildi&lt;ref&gt;Alibek, Ken and Stephen Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (book)|Biohazard]]: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It'', Delta (2000) {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iroq haqida gapirar ekan, u Iroq [[Saddam Husayn]] rahbarligida chechak yoki kuydirgini qo‘lga kiritishi mumkinligi haqida “hech shubha yo‘q” deb aytgan. Biroq keyinchalik Iroqda biologik qurollar topilmagan.
===Tadbirkor va ilmiy boshqaruvchi===

Alibek AQShning [[Merilend shtati]], [[Gaithersburg]] shahrida joylashgan AFG Biosolutions, Inc kompaniyasida prezident, bosh ilmiy xodim va ijrochi direktor bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afgbio.com/|title=afgbio.com|website=www.afgbio.com|accessdate=May
 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U va uning ilmiy jamoasi mikroblarga qarshi immunitet uchun ilg‘or yechimlarni ishlab chiqishni davom ettirgan. [[Sharqiy Yevropa]] va [[Markaziy Osiyo]]da arzon saratonga qarshi davolash usullari yetishmasligi sababli, AFG Alibekning biotexnologiya tajribasidan foydalangan holda ushbu muammoni hal qilish uchun maxsus yangi farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish zavodini rejalashtirish, qurish va boshqarish bilan shug‘ullangan.

Alibek 2006-yilda MaxWell Biocorporation (MWB) nomli yangi farmatsevtika kompaniyasini tashkil etgan va uning prezidenti hamda bosh ijrochi direktori bo‘lib ishlagan. Kompaniya [[Vashington, D.C.]]da joylashgan bo‘lib, AQSh va [[Ukraina]]da bir nechta sho‘ba korxonalari va hamkor tashkilotlariga ega edi. MWBning asosiy maqsadi Ukrainada yirik, yuqori texnologiyali va zamonaviy “fill-and-finish” farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish korxonasini qurish edi.

Bu korxonada ishlab chiqariladigan patent muddati tugagan generik dorilar og‘ir onkologik, kardiologik, immunologik va surunkali infeksion kasalliklarni davolashga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lishi rejalashtirilgan edi.

Boryspildagi zavod qurilishi 2007-yil aprelida boshlangan va 2008-yil martida yakunlangan; dastlabki ishlab chiqarish 2008-yilda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan edi. Maqsad — yuqori sifatli dori vositalarini ishlab chiqarish va hozirda davolanish imkoniga ega bo‘lmagan millionlab kam ta’minlangan bemorlar uchun arzon terapiya manbaini yaratish edi. Alibek 2008-yil yozida, zavod ochilgandan qisqa vaqt o‘tib, MWB prezidenti lavozimidan ketgan.

Alibekning asosiy ilmiy yo‘nalishi kech bosqichdagi onkologik kasalliklar hamda boshqa surunkali degenerativ patologiyalar uchun yangi terapiya usullarini ishlab chiqish bo‘lgan. U surunkali virusli va bakterial infeksiyalarning yoshga bog‘liq kasalliklar hamda erta qarishdagi rolini o‘rganishga e’tibor qaratgan. Shuningdek, u kech bosqich saraton bemorlari uchun yangi tizimli immunoterapiya usullarini ishlab chiqib va amaliyotga joriy etgan.

U o‘z faoliyati davomida infeksion kasalliklarning saraton rivojlanishidagi roli haqida to‘qqizta ilmiy maqola chop etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://infectagentscancer.biomedcentral.com/articles?query=alibek&amp;searchType=journalSearch&amp;tab=keyword
 | title=Infeksion agentlar va saraton }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
===Qozog‘istondagi faoliyati===

2010-yilda Alibek Qozog‘istonga taklif qilinib, [[Astana]] shahridagi [[Nazarboyev universiteti]] Ilm-fan va texnologiya maktabida kimyo va biologiya kafedrasi rahbari sifatida ish boshlagan. U saratonga qarshi dorilar va umrni uzaytiruvchi preparatlar ishlab chiqish bilan shug‘ullangan, shuningdek, Respublika shoshilinch tibbiy yordam ilmiy markazi kengashi raisi bo‘lgan va Milliy onkologiya hamda transplantatsiya ilmiy markazini boshqargan.

U faoliyati davomida biologiya va tibbiyotning turli sohalarida kurslar o‘qigan hamda ilmiy jurnallarda bir qator maqolalar chop etgan. U surunkali infeksiyalar, metabolik buzilishlar va immunosupressiyaning saraton rivojlanishidagi ehtimoliy roliga e’tibor qaratgan.

2011-yilda Qozog‘iston ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofotini olgan. 2014-yilda esa Qozog‘iston Ta’lim va fan vaziri tomonidan ilmiy faoliyatdagi hissasi uchun medal bilan taqdirlangan.

Biroq yetti yil davomida uning ishlaridan sezilarli ilmiy natijalar chiqmagan. Shu davr ichida u “Saraton o‘smalariga qarshi yangi tizimli terapiya” loyihasi uchun davlat budjetidan 1 milliarddan ortiq tenge mablag‘ olgan. Taklif qilingan shved uslubidagi texnika keng qabul qilinmagan va saratonni davolovchi “panatseyaga” aylana olmadi. U tomonidan topshirilgan uchta patent arizasi Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi huzuridagi Milliy intellektual mulk institutida “yangilik yo‘qligi” sababli rad etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Капитанова |first=Ирина |date=2018-02-21 |title=Чем занимался подозреваемый в пособничеству Аблязову Кеннет Алибек после эмиграции в США |url=https://www.zakon.kz/4905091-chem-zanimalsya-podozrevaemyy-v.html
 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=zakon.kz |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yilda Alibek “El Tulgasy” milliy loyihasida “Ilm-fan” nominatsiyasiga nomzodlardan biri sifatida tanlangan. Ushbu loyiha Qozog‘istonning milliy yutuqlari bilan bog‘liq eng muhim fuqarolarni aniqlash uchun tashkil etilgan edi. Loyihada 350 000 dan ortiq odam ovoz bergan va Alibek o‘z toifasida 10-o‘rinni egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ЕЛ ТҰЛҒАСЫ / ИМЯ РОДИНЫ / События / Разделы сайта / Деловой журнал Exclusive|url=http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|date=2017-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321153157/http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2017-03-21}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.
===COVID-19===

Alibek pandemiyalar uchun vaksina ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha tajribaga ega. 2006-yilda uning yangi vaksinalarni ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha yangi tamoyillar haqidagi maqolasi Future Medicine jurnalida chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/17460794.1.3.263
 | doi=10.2217/17460794.1.3.263 | title=21-asr virusologiyasidagi bahslar | date=2006 | last1=Richards | first1=Dan | last2=Alibek | first2=Kenneth | last3=Katze | first3=Michael G. | last4=Wainberg | first4=Mark A. | last5=Webby | first5=Richard J. | journal=Future Virology | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=263–268 | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2020-yil yanvar oyida Alibek COVID-19 va uning global muammoga aylanish ehtimoli haqida ogohlantirish bergan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/healthcare/pandemic-coronavirus-sars-ken-alibek?fbclid=IwAR2RkV5c7aub0u8QqOQFiN50zDQ2vx_LVc6aDEh8b8uRSJch-rbDSUT3qJU
 | title=Pandemiya bo‘yicha ekspert koronavirus SARS bilan ko‘p jihatdan o‘xshashligini aytadi | website=[[Fox Business]] | date=30 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning virusga qarshi vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin himoyalanishning xavfsiz usullari haqidagi tadqiqoti keyinchalik Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) jurnalida chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://riojournal.com/article/61709/
 | doi=10.3897/rio.6.e61709 | doi-access=free | title=Vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin COVID-19dan himoyalanishning xavfsiz usuli mavjud | date=2020 | last1=Alibek | first1=Kenneth | last2=Tskhay | first2=Albina | journal=Research Ideas and Outcomes | volume=6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shuningdek, u Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons kitobida COVID-19 pandemiyasidan himoyalanish usullari haqida ikki bob yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Defending-Against-Biothreats-Coronavirus-Biological/dp/B08CJXNCMB
 | isbn=979-8-6643-8044-6 | title=Biotahdidlarga qarshi kurash: koronavirus pandemiyasidan AQShning pandemiyalar va biologik qurollarga qarshi himoyasini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha saboqlar | date=7 July 2020 | publisher=Independently published }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2021-yilda Alibek epidemiyalar sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar o‘tkazgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://osdife.org/25556/free-seminar-antiviral-biodefence-in-the-world-of-epidemic-uncertainties/
 | title=Epidemiya noaniqliklari sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar | date=4 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar ===

2007-yildan boshlab Alibek autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarni boshlagan. Bu yo‘nalishdagi ishlariga uning onkolog sifatidagi tajribasi hamda shaxsiy hayotidagi omil — qizi Mary orqali ushbu holat bilan bog‘liqligi sabab bo‘lgan. U bu kasallikni prenatal (homiladorlik davrida) virusli va bakterial infeksiyalar natijasida yuzaga keladi degan nazariyani qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.

Autizm spektr buzilishi ([[Autizm spektr buzilishi|ASB]]) bo‘lgan bemorlar ustida bir nechta tadqiqotlar o‘tkazilgan, jumladan 2018–2019-yillarda 57 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot, 2021–2023-yillarda 142 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot va 2023-yilda 32 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot. Bundan tashqari, 1000 dan ortiq bola ushbu protokol asosida davolangan. Bemorlar asosan sobiq [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] davlatlari va Ukrainada joylashgan bo‘lib, konsultatsiyalar asosan bepul telemeditsina xizmatlari orqali olib borilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqotlar davomida yallig‘lanishning aniq markerlari hamda biokimyoviy va neyropsixiatrik ko‘rsatkichlar aniqlanib, simptomlar kamayishi va holat yaxshilanishini baholash uchun obyektiv mezon sifatida foydalanilgan.

Alibek autizmning kelib chiqishi va davolash usullari bo‘yicha 6 ta ilmiy maqolani ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqiladigan (peer-reviewed) jurnallarda chop etgan. Shuningdek, u ushbu yangi davolash yondashuvi bo‘yicha 1 ta AQSh patenti olgan va 3 ta patent arizasini topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Etiotropic and Pathogenetic Therapy of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Series of 6 Children. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 1(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A and Isakov T (2019) Prevalence of Prenatal, Neonatal and Postnatal Complications among Healthy Children and Children Diagnosed with ASD in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. J Gynecol Neonatal 2(1): 103;
Kenneth Alibek, Sean Farmer, Albina Tskhay, Alibek Moldakozhayev and Kira Alibek et al. (2019) Tendencies in Changes of Blood Parameters and in Autistic Symptoms Improvements as a Result of Antiviral Treatment: Descriptive Case Series of 11 Children from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. J Clin Case Rep Clin Res 1(1): 102;
Kenneth Alibek et al. (2019) The Role of Infection, Inflammation and Genetic Alterations in ASD Etiopathogenesis: A Review. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 2(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Treatment of Chronic and Latent Infections Combined with Nutritional Supplementation Positively Affects Quality of Life of ASD Children: Series of 30 Cases. J Nutr Diet Suppl 3(1): 102;
Alibek K, Niyazmetova L, Farmer S, Isakov T (2022) Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e91179.
&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Tanqidlar ===

2003-yil sentabr oyidagi yangiliklar xabarida Alibek va yana bir professor o‘z laboratoriya tadqiqotlariga asoslanib, [[chechak vaksinatsiyasi]] (smallpox vaccination) insonning [[OIV]]ga qarshi chidamliligini oshirishi mumkinligini ilgari surgan. Ushbu ish keyinchalik ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqish (peer review) jarayonida ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' va ''[[The Lancet]]'' jurnallari tomonidan rad etilgan va hozirda bu yo‘nalishda davom ettirilmaydi.

Chechak bo‘yicha mutaxassis va sobiq Oq uy ilmiy maslahatchisi [[Donald Henderson]] bu g‘oyani tanqid qilib, “bu biologik nuqtai nazardan umuman asosga ega emas... bu fikr mutlaqo mantiqsiz” deb ta’riflagan.

2010-yilda Alibek hammuallifligida ''Biomed Central - Immunology'' jurnalida maqola chop etilgan bo‘lib, unda Dryvax vaksinasining OIV replikatsiyasiga qarshi ma’lum darajada himoya berishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=David |date=2007-07-01 |title=Selling the threat of bioterrorism |url=[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html) |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Alibek shuningdek “Dr. Ken Alibek's Immune System Support Formula” nomli [[dietary supplement|biologik qo‘shimcha]] mahsulotini internet orqali targ‘ib qilgan. Ushbu mahsulot vitaminlar, minerallar va maxsus bakterial aralashmadan iborat bo‘lib, immun tizimini “kuchaytiradi” deb da’vo qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=[http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |title=&quot;Random Samples&quot;, ''Science'', 11 October 2002: Vol. 298. no. 5592, p. 359 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-date=7 February 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==

Alibekning rafiqasi va besh farzandi (ikki o‘g‘il va uch qiz) bor; ulardan biri qizi autizm bilan kasallangan.

== Nashrlar ==

; Kitoblar
{{See also|Biohazard (kitob)}}

*Alibek, Ken va Steven Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (kitob)|Biohazard]]: Dunyodagi eng yirik yashirin biologik qurol dasturi ichidan hikoya'', Random House, {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}.
*&quot;The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It safe? Does it Work?&quot; (2002), National Academy Press, Vashington, D.C., Institute of Medicine.
*''Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities'' (2002), National Academy Press.
*Weinstein, R.S. va K. Alibek (2003), ''Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Guide for Healthcare Providers and First Responders'', Thieme Medical Publishing, Nyu-York.
*Alibek, K. va boshq. (2003), ''Biological Weapons'', Bio-Prep, Louisiana.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2005), ''Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2006), ''New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fleitz, Alibek, Bryen, Rosett, Chang, DeSutter, Elliott, Faddis, Geraghty, Gibson (2020), ''Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons''.

; Kitob boblari
*&quot;Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism&quot; (2001), ''Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future''.
*''Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook'' (2002), Second Edition.
*K. Alibek, C. Lobanova, &quot;Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat&quot; (2006), ''Microorganisms and Bioterrorism''.

; Jurnallardagi maqolalari
*''[[The New York Times]]''
**&quot;Russia's Deadly Expertise&quot;, 27-mart 1998
**&quot;Smallpox Could Still Be a Danger&quot;, 24-may 1999
*''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
**&quot;Russia Retains Biological Weapons Capability&quot;, 2000-yil fevral
**&quot;Bioterror: A Very Real Threat&quot;, 2001-yil oktabr
*''[[The Washington Post]]''
**&quot;Anthrax under the Microscope&quot;, Matthew Meselson bilan, 2002-yil 5-noyabr

; AQSh Kongressi oldidagi ko‘rsatmalar
*1998-yil may — “Terrorist and Intelligence Operations: Potential Impact on the US Economy”
*1999-yil iyun — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*1999-yil oktabr — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2000-yil may — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2001-yil oktabr — “Combating Terrorism: Assessing the Threat of a Biological Weapons Attack”
*2001-yil dekabr — “Russia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox, and Other Bioterrorist Weapons”
*2001-yil noyabr — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*2005-yil iyul — “Implementing a National Biodefense Strategy”
*1999-yil mart — Biological Warfare Threats (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence)
*2005-yil iyul — “Engineering Bio-terror Agents”

; Mukofotlar va unvonlar
*2014 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vaziri mukofoti: “Fan rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan hissasi uchun”
*2011 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofoti: “Ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun”
*2007 — “Panacea Award”, Kiyev
*2005 — Harvard universiteti ma’ruza dasturi ishtirokchisi
*2005 — Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Senior Fellow
*2004 — George Mason University Outstanding Faculty Member Award
*2002 — Business Forward Magazine mukofoti
*2000 va 2002 — World Economic Forum ma’ruzachisi
*1994 — AQSh Kongressi mukofoti (Bronze Barkley medal)
*1989 — SSSR Mudofaa vazirligi: tibbiy xizmat polkovnigi
*1983 — “Harbiy xizmatlari uchun” medali```

== Manbalar ==

{{Reflist}}

&lt;references group=&quot;Weinstein, et al. BMC Immunology201011:23 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-23&quot; /&gt;

== Adabiyotlar ==
* &quot;Interview Dr. Ken Alibek&quot;, ''Journal of Homeland Security'', 2000-yil 18-sentabr
* {{cite magazine |author1=Preston, Richard |title=Annals of Warfare — Biologik qurol ishlab chiquvchilar |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/03/09/the-bioweaponeers |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=1 July 2023 |date=1998-03-09}}
* {{cite web |title=144 Cong. Rec. S1876 - RUSSIAN BW PROGRAM |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CREC-1998-03-12/CREC-1998-03-12-pt1-PgS1876 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=1 July 2023 |pages=1877–1882 |date=1998-03-12}}


[[Category:20-asr amerikalik biologlar]]
[[Category:2001-yil kuydirgi (anthrax) hujumlari]]
[[Category:Qozoq-amerikalik olimlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistondan AQShga ko‘chib o‘tganlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistonlik olimlar]]
[[Category:Almaty viloyati aholisi]]
[[Category:Biologik qurol bilan bog‘liq shaxslar]]
[[Category:Sibir davlat tibbiyot universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Sovet biologik qurol dasturi]]
[[Category:Sovet mikrobiologlari]]
[[Category:Sovet harbiy shifokorlari]]
[[Category:The Heritage Foundation people]]</text>
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      <text bytes="29743" sha1="niki6q73nspi6w4jl997uqw60ce208f" xml:space="preserve">{{Olim bilgiqutisi
| ismi                  = Ken Alibek
| tasvir                = Alibek.jpg
| tasvir_eni            =
| izoh                  = 2003 yilda Alibek
| tavallud_sanasi       = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1950|01|01}}
| tavallud_joyi         = Kauchuk, Qozogʻiston SSR, SSSR
| vafot_sanasi          =
| vafot_joyi            =
| dafn etilgan joyi     =
| istiqomat_joylari     =
| fuqaroligi            = Qozoq-amerikalik
| millati               = Qozoq
| sohasi                = Mikrobiologiya, onkologiya, biologik qurollar
| ish_joylari           = [[Biopreparat]]
| institutlar           =
| alma_mater            = [[Siberian State Medical University|Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]
| tezis_sarlavhasi      =
| akademik_rahbarlari   =
| mashhur_shogirdlari   =
| mashhur_ishlari       = Sibir vabo (kuydirgi) ning eng virulent shtammini yaratish
| oʻtkazayotgan_taʼsiri  =
| koʻrsatgan_taʼsiri     =
| mukofotlari           = Barkley medali (1994)
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi      =
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}}

'''Kanatjan''' &quot;'''Kanat'''&quot; '''Baizakovich Alibekov'''&lt;ref&gt;{{langx|kk|Қанатжан Байзақұлы Әлібеков}}; {{langx|ru|Канатжан Байзакович Алибеков}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1950 yilda tugʻilgan), 1992 yildan beri '''Kenneth''' &quot;'''Ken'''&quot; '''Alibek''' nomi bilan tanilgan, [[Qozoq-amerikalik]] mikrobiolog, biologik qurollar sohasi mutaxassisi va tibbiyot (onkologiya) yoʻnalishidagi olimdir. U [[Biopreparat]] tashkilotining birinchi oʻrinbosar direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Courtney-Guy |first=Sam |date=2022-05-20 |title=Russia 'planned to use monkeypox as a bioweapon', report warned |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/05/20/russia-planned-to-use-monkeypox-as-a-bioweapon-report-warned-16680912/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sovet biologik qurol dasturida 1970–1980-yillar davomida ishlagan davrida Alibekov glander kasalligini va Marburg gemorragik isitmasini qurol sifatida ishlatish bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan hamda Rossiyada birinchi [[tulyaremiya]] bombasini yaratgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;&gt;[[Annie Jacobsen|Jacobsen, Annie]] (2015), ''The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top Secret Military Research Agency''; New York: [[Little, Brown and Company]], pg 293.&lt;/ref&gt;. Uning eng mashhur yutug‘i — “836-shtamm” deb atalgan, juda yuqori virulentlikka ega bo‘lgan yangi [[kuydirgi]] shtammini yaratish bo‘lib, u keyinchalik ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' tomonidan “insoniyatga maʼlum eng xavfli kuydirgi shtammi” deb taʼriflangan&lt;ref&gt;[[David Willman|Willman, David]] (2007), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html &quot;Selling the Threat of Bioterrorism&quot;], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 1 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen&quot;/&gt;.

1992 yilda u AQShga koʻchib oʻtdi va keyinchalik AQSh fuqaroligini oldi. Shundan soʻng u biodefense (biologik xavfsizlik mudofaasi) bo‘yicha maslahatchi, ma’ruzachi va tadbirkor sifatida faoliyat yuritdi. U AQSh hukumati uchun biodefense strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda ishtirok etgan va 1998–2005 yillar oralig‘ida AQSh Kongressi hamda boshqa davlatlarda bir necha bor guvohlik bergan. U Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturi to‘liq tugatilmagan deb hisoblaganini bildirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;. 1994 yilda u Kongress mukofoti — Barkley bronza medali bilan taqdirlangan.

2002 yilda Alibek United Press International agentligiga bergan intervyusida [[chechak]] (monkeypox) biologik qurol sifatida ishlab chiqilishi mumkinligi haqida xavotirlar borligini aytgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Courtney-Guy&quot;/&gt;.

2015 yilda Ogayo shtatida joylashgan Locus Fermentation Solutions kompaniyasi uni turli biologik faol molekulalar bo‘yicha ilmiy-tadqiqot va rivojlantirish ishlari bo‘yicha ijrochi vitse-prezident lavozimiga ishga qabul qilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brian Albrecht |first=The Plain Dealer |date=2019-09-08 |title=Scientist who supervised Soviet biological weapons production now develops products to help people |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/09/scientist-who-supervised-soviet-biological-weapons-production-now-develops-products-to-help-people.html |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Erta hayoti va taʼlimi ==
Alibek Kanat Alibekov nomi bilan [[Kauchuk]], [[Qozogʻiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi|Qozogʻiston SSR]], [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] (hozirgi [[Qozogʻiston]])da [[qozoqlar]] oilasida tugʻilgan. U respublikaning sobiq poytaxti [[Olmaota]] shahrida ulgʻaygan. U sertifikatlangan onkolog&lt;ref&gt;Biology of Cancer, Astana, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;, fan doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical and Industrial Biotechnology, Moscow, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;, falsafa doktori&lt;ref&gt;Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Moscow, 1984&lt;/ref&gt; hamda tibbiyot fanlari doktori hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;Military Medicine, Tomsk (Russia), 1975&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Faoliyati ==
Harbiy tibbiyot bo‘yicha [[Tomsk tibbiyot instituti]]da o‘qish davridagi yuqori akademik natijalari va oilasining vatanparvarligi sababli u Sovet Ittifoqi [[SSSR Vazirlar Kengashi]] tomonidan boshqariladigan yashirin biologik qurol dasturi — [[Biopreparat]] tizimiga ishga tanlab olindi. Uning birinchi tayinlanishi 1975 yilda [[Omutninsk]] yaqinidagi [[Amaliy biokimyo instituti]] (IAB)ning Sharqiy Yevropa bo‘limiga bo‘ldi. Bu markaz pestitsid ishlab chiqarish zavodi va urush vaqtida biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish uchun mo‘ljallangan zaxira obyekt edi. Omutninskda Alibek mikroorganizmlar o‘sishini optimallashtirish uchun turli oziqa muhitlari va yetishtirish sharoitlarini ishlab chiqdi va baholadi. Bu yerda u tibbiyot laboratoriya ko‘nikmalarini sanoat miqyosida mikroorganizmlar va ularning toksinlarini ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur bo‘lgan murakkab texnikaga aylantirdi&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, D. (2006), ''Lessons Learned from the Former Soviet Biological Warfare Program''; UMI Dissertation Services, UMI NO. 3231331&lt;/ref&gt;.

Bir yildan so‘ng u IABning [[Sibir]] bo‘limiga, [[Berdsk]] yaqiniga (Berdsk ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi deb ham ataladi) o‘tkazildi. U hamkasbi bilan birgalikda biologik formulalarni ishlab chiqarishni optimallashtirish texnikalarini ishlab chiqadigan mikrobiologiya laboratoriyasini loyihalashtirdi va qurdi.

Bir necha lavozim ko‘tarilishlaridan so‘ng u yana Omutninskka qaytarildi va u yerda direktor o‘rinbosari lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Keyinchalik u [[Qozogʻiston ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish bazasi]]ga, [[Stepnogorsk]]dagi (yana bir zaxira biologik qurol obyektiga) direktor etib tayinlandi. Rasmiy jihatdan u o‘g‘it va pestitsid ishlab chiqaruvchi “Progress” ilmiy-ishlab chiqarish birlashmasining direktor o‘rinbosari edi.

Stepnogorskda Alibek biologik formulalar uchun samarali sanoat miqyosidagi ishlab chiqarish liniyasini yaratdi. Urush sharoitida bu liniya qurollantirilgan [[kuydirgi]] ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin edi. Ilm-fan va biotexnologiyadagi muvaffaqiyatlari unga yana lavozim ko‘tarilishlarini olib keldi va natijada u [[Moskva]]ga o‘tkazildi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;&gt;Anderson (2006), ''Op. cit.''&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Biopreparat ===
Moskvada Alibek [[Biopreparat]] tarkibidagi biosafety boshqarmasi rahbarining o‘rinbosari sifatida xizmatini boshladi. 1988 yilda u Biopreparatning birinchi o‘rinbosar direktori lavozimiga ko‘tarildi. Bu lavozimda u nafaqat biologik qurol obyektlarini, balki antibiotiklar, vaksinalar, zardoblar va interferon ishlab chiqaruvchi ko‘plab farmatsevtika korxonalarini ham nazorat qilgan.

1990 yil bahorida Tibbiyot va mikrobiologiya sanoati vazirligi qayta tashkil etilishi e’lon qilinganidan so‘ng, Alibek o‘sha paytdagi Bosh kotib [[Mixail Gorbachyov]]ga Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlanmalarini to‘xtatish bo‘yicha taklif xatini tayyorladi va yubordi. Gorbachyov bu taklifni ma’qulladi, biroq Alibekning loyihasiga yashirin ravishda qo‘shimcha band kiritilib, prezident farmoni Biopreparatning biologik qurol ishlarini to‘xtatishni buyurgan bo‘lsa-da, ularni kelajakda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarishga tayyor holda qolishga ham majbur qildi.

Alibek Biopreparatdagi mavqei va farmonning birinchi qismi unga bergan vakolatdan foydalanib, bir qator ilmiy-tadqiqot va ishlab chiqarish markazlarida, jumladan [[Stepnogorsk]], [[Koltsovo (Novosibirsk viloyati)|Koltsovo]], [[Obolensk (Jukovskiy tumani, Kaluga viloyati)|Obolensk]] va boshqa joylarda biologik qurol ishlab chiqarish va sinov infratuzilmasini demontaj qilishni boshladi. U bir vaqtning o‘zida “Biomash” deb nomlangan Biopreparat korxonasiga ham tayinlanishni muhokama qildi. Biomash mikroorganizmlarni yetishtirish va sinash uchun texnik uskunalar ishlab chiqardi va ishlab chiqarardi. U ushbu mahsulotlarning shifoxonalar va fuqarolik tibbiyot laboratoriyalariga yuboriladigan qismini o‘sha paytdagi 40% dan ham oshirishni rejalashtirgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;.

1991 yil dekabrida Sovet Ittifoqi parchalangach, Alibek Sovet biologik obyektlarini AQSh va Britaniya delegatsiyasi tomonidan tekshirishga tayyorlash bo‘yicha intensiv jarayonlarga rahbarlik qildi. Keyinchalik u AQShdagi obyektlarni tekshirishda ham ishtirok etdi va shu jarayonda AQShda hujumkor biologik qurol dasturi yo‘qligiga ishonchi mustahkamlandi. 1992 yil yanvarida, AQShdan qaytgach, u Rossiyaning biologik qurol dasturini davom ettirishiga qarshi chiqdi va Rossiya armiyasi hamda Biopreparatdan iste’fo berdi.

=== AQShga immigratsiya ===
1992 yil oktabr oyida Alibek oilasi bilan birga AQShga ko‘chib o‘tdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot;/&gt;. AQShga kelgach, u AQSh hukumatiga sobiq Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida batafsil ma’lumot berdi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ([[CIA]]) so‘roqlari davomida u Sovet Ittifoqining juda virulent [[chechak]] shtammini qurolga aylantirish bo‘yicha ishlari haqida ma’lumot berdi — yuzlab tonna virus bombalar yoki ballistik raketalar orqali tarqatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Flight |first=Colette |date=2011-02-17 |title=Silent Weapon: Smallpox and Biological Warfare |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/pox_weapon_01.shtml |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=BBC History |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sovet biologik qurol dasturi haqida ma’lumotlar bundan oldin, 1989 yilda defekt olim [[Vladimir Pasechnik]] tomonidan ham berilgan edi.

Alibek AQSh Kongressi oldida bir necha bor guvohlik bergan va AQSh razvedkasi, milliy xavfsizlik va tibbiyot tizimlariga maslahatlar bergan.

U [[Jorj Meyson universiteti]]dagi [[Schar School of Policy and Government]] qoshida biodefense magistratura dasturini tashkil etishga turtki bo‘lgan hamda “tibbiy mikrobiologiya bo‘yicha faxriy professor” va dastur direktori sifatida ishlagan. Shuningdek, u universitetning [[biosafety level]] 3 (BSL-3) laboratoriyasi qurilishi rejasini ishlab chiqqan va uning qurilishi uchun federal va shtat hukumatlaridan 40 million dollar grant jalb qilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson&quot; /&gt;.

1993–1999 yillar oralig‘ida Alibek bir nechta ilmiy-tadqiqot lavozimlarida ishladi, jumladan AQSh Milliy Sog‘liqni Saqlash Instituti (NIH)da tashrif buyuruvchi olim sifatida silga qarshi yangi vaksina antigenlarini o‘rgangan; SRS Technologies kompaniyasida xorijiy davlatlarning biotexnologik ishlanmalarini tahlil qilgan; hamda Battelle Memorial Institute’da tibbiy biotexnologiya va fermentatsiya uskunalari bo‘yicha loyihalarni boshqargan.

1999 yilda u Sovet Ittifoqidagi faoliyati va defekti haqida avtobiografik kitob nashr qildi&lt;ref&gt;Alibek, Ken and Stephen Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (book)|Biohazard]]: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World – Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It'', Delta (2000) {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Iroq haqida gapirar ekan, u Iroq [[Saddam Husayn]] rahbarligida chechak yoki kuydirgini qo‘lga kiritishi mumkinligi haqida “hech shubha yo‘q” deb aytgan. Biroq keyinchalik Iroqda biologik qurollar topilmagan.
===Tadbirkor va ilmiy boshqaruvchi===

Alibek AQShning [[Merilend shtati]], [[Gaithersburg]] shahrida joylashgan AFG Biosolutions, Inc kompaniyasida prezident, bosh ilmiy xodim va ijrochi direktor bo‘lib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afgbio.com/|title=afgbio.com|website=www.afgbio.com|accessdate=May
 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;. U va uning ilmiy jamoasi mikroblarga qarshi immunitet uchun ilg‘or yechimlarni ishlab chiqishni davom ettirgan. [[Sharqiy Yevropa]] va [[Markaziy Osiyo]]da arzon saratonga qarshi davolash usullari yetishmasligi sababli, AFG Alibekning biotexnologiya tajribasidan foydalangan holda ushbu muammoni hal qilish uchun maxsus yangi farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish zavodini rejalashtirish, qurish va boshqarish bilan shug‘ullangan.

Alibek 2006-yilda MaxWell Biocorporation (MWB) nomli yangi farmatsevtika kompaniyasini tashkil etgan va uning prezidenti hamda bosh ijrochi direktori bo‘lib ishlagan. Kompaniya [[Vashington, D.C.]]da joylashgan bo‘lib, AQSh va [[Ukraina]]da bir nechta sho‘ba korxonalari va hamkor tashkilotlariga ega edi. MWBning asosiy maqsadi Ukrainada yirik, yuqori texnologiyali va zamonaviy “fill-and-finish” farmatsevtika ishlab chiqarish korxonasini qurish edi.

Bu korxonada ishlab chiqariladigan patent muddati tugagan generik dorilar og‘ir onkologik, kardiologik, immunologik va surunkali infeksion kasalliklarni davolashga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lishi rejalashtirilgan edi.

Boryspildagi zavod qurilishi 2007-yil aprelida boshlangan va 2008-yil martida yakunlangan; dastlabki ishlab chiqarish 2008-yilda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan edi. Maqsad — yuqori sifatli dori vositalarini ishlab chiqarish va hozirda davolanish imkoniga ega bo‘lmagan millionlab kam ta’minlangan bemorlar uchun arzon terapiya manbaini yaratish edi. Alibek 2008-yil yozida, zavod ochilgandan qisqa vaqt o‘tib, MWB prezidenti lavozimidan ketgan.

Alibekning asosiy ilmiy yo‘nalishi kech bosqichdagi onkologik kasalliklar hamda boshqa surunkali degenerativ patologiyalar uchun yangi terapiya usullarini ishlab chiqish bo‘lgan. U surunkali virusli va bakterial infeksiyalarning yoshga bog‘liq kasalliklar hamda erta qarishdagi rolini o‘rganishga e’tibor qaratgan. Shuningdek, u kech bosqich saraton bemorlari uchun yangi tizimli immunoterapiya usullarini ishlab chiqib va amaliyotga joriy etgan.

U o‘z faoliyati davomida infeksion kasalliklarning saraton rivojlanishidagi roli haqida to‘qqizta ilmiy maqola chop etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://infectagentscancer.biomedcentral.com/articles?query=alibek&amp;searchType=journalSearch&amp;tab=keyword
 | title=Infeksion agentlar va saraton }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
===Qozog‘istondagi faoliyati===

2010-yilda Alibek Qozog‘istonga taklif qilinib, [[Astana]] shahridagi [[Nazarboyev universiteti]] Ilm-fan va texnologiya maktabida kimyo va biologiya kafedrasi rahbari sifatida ish boshlagan. U saratonga qarshi dorilar va umrni uzaytiruvchi preparatlar ishlab chiqish bilan shug‘ullangan, shuningdek, Respublika shoshilinch tibbiy yordam ilmiy markazi kengashi raisi bo‘lgan va Milliy onkologiya hamda transplantatsiya ilmiy markazini boshqargan.

U faoliyati davomida biologiya va tibbiyotning turli sohalarida kurslar o‘qigan hamda ilmiy jurnallarda bir qator maqolalar chop etgan. U surunkali infeksiyalar, metabolik buzilishlar va immunosupressiyaning saraton rivojlanishidagi ehtimoliy roliga e’tibor qaratgan.

2011-yilda Qozog‘iston ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofotini olgan. 2014-yilda esa Qozog‘iston Ta’lim va fan vaziri tomonidan ilmiy faoliyatdagi hissasi uchun medal bilan taqdirlangan.

Biroq yetti yil davomida uning ishlaridan sezilarli ilmiy natijalar chiqmagan. Shu davr ichida u “Saraton o‘smalariga qarshi yangi tizimli terapiya” loyihasi uchun davlat budjetidan 1 milliarddan ortiq tenge mablag‘ olgan. Taklif qilingan shved uslubidagi texnika keng qabul qilinmagan va saratonni davolovchi “panatseyaga” aylana olmadi. U tomonidan topshirilgan uchta patent arizasi Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi huzuridagi Milliy intellektual mulk institutida “yangilik yo‘qligi” sababli rad etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Капитанова |first=Ирина |date=2018-02-21 |title=Чем занимался подозреваемый в пособничеству Аблязову Кеннет Алибек после эмиграции в США |url=https://www.zakon.kz/4905091-chem-zanimalsya-podozrevaemyy-v.html
 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=zakon.kz |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2016-yilda Alibek “El Tulgasy” milliy loyihasida “Ilm-fan” nominatsiyasiga nomzodlardan biri sifatida tanlangan. Ushbu loyiha Qozog‘istonning milliy yutuqlari bilan bog‘liq eng muhim fuqarolarni aniqlash uchun tashkil etilgan edi. Loyihada 350 000 dan ortiq odam ovoz bergan va Alibek o‘z toifasida 10-o‘rinni egallagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ЕЛ ТҰЛҒАСЫ / ИМЯ РОДИНЫ / События / Разделы сайта / Деловой журнал Exclusive|url=http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|date=2017-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321153157/http://exclusive.kz/el-tulgasy-2016/|access-date=2020-05-13|archive-date=2017-03-21}}
&lt;/ref&gt;.
===COVID-19===

Alibek pandemiyalar uchun vaksina ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha tajribaga ega. 2006-yilda uning yangi vaksinalarni ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha yangi tamoyillar haqidagi maqolasi Future Medicine jurnalida chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/17460794.1.3.263
 | doi=10.2217/17460794.1.3.263 | title=21-asr virusologiyasidagi bahslar | date=2006 | last1=Richards | first1=Dan | last2=Alibek | first2=Kenneth | last3=Katze | first3=Michael G. | last4=Wainberg | first4=Mark A. | last5=Webby | first5=Richard J. | journal=Future Virology | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=263–268 | url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2020-yil yanvar oyida Alibek COVID-19 va uning global muammoga aylanish ehtimoli haqida ogohlantirish bergan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/healthcare/pandemic-coronavirus-sars-ken-alibek?fbclid=IwAR2RkV5c7aub0u8QqOQFiN50zDQ2vx_LVc6aDEh8b8uRSJch-rbDSUT3qJU
 | title=Pandemiya bo‘yicha ekspert koronavirus SARS bilan ko‘p jihatdan o‘xshashligini aytadi | website=[[Fox Business]] | date=30 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Uning virusga qarshi vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin himoyalanishning xavfsiz usullari haqidagi tadqiqoti keyinchalik Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) jurnalida chop etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://riojournal.com/article/61709/
 | doi=10.3897/rio.6.e61709 | doi-access=free | title=Vaksina ishlab chiqilishidan oldin COVID-19dan himoyalanishning xavfsiz usuli mavjud | date=2020 | last1=Alibek | first1=Kenneth | last2=Tskhay | first2=Albina | journal=Research Ideas and Outcomes | volume=6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Shuningdek, u Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons kitobida COVID-19 pandemiyasidan himoyalanish usullari haqida ikki bob yozgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Defending-Against-Biothreats-Coronavirus-Biological/dp/B08CJXNCMB
 | isbn=979-8-6643-8044-6 | title=Biotahdidlarga qarshi kurash: koronavirus pandemiyasidan AQShning pandemiyalar va biologik qurollarga qarshi himoyasini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha saboqlar | date=7 July 2020 | publisher=Independently published }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2021-yilda Alibek epidemiyalar sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar o‘tkazgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://osdife.org/25556/free-seminar-antiviral-biodefence-in-the-world-of-epidemic-uncertainties/
 | title=Epidemiya noaniqliklari sharoitida antiviral biodefense bo‘yicha bepul seminar | date=4 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlar ===

2007-yildan boshlab Alibek autizm bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarni boshlagan. Bu yo‘nalishdagi ishlariga uning onkolog sifatidagi tajribasi hamda shaxsiy hayotidagi omil — qizi Mary orqali ushbu holat bilan bog‘liqligi sabab bo‘lgan. U bu kasallikni prenatal (homiladorlik davrida) virusli va bakterial infeksiyalar natijasida yuzaga keladi degan nazariyani qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.

Autizm spektr buzilishi ([[Autizm spektr buzilishi|ASB]]) bo‘lgan bemorlar ustida bir nechta tadqiqotlar o‘tkazilgan, jumladan 2018–2019-yillarda 57 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot, 2021–2023-yillarda 142 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot va 2023-yilda 32 bemor ishtirok etgan tadqiqot. Bundan tashqari, 1000 dan ortiq bola ushbu protokol asosida davolangan. Bemorlar asosan sobiq [[Sovet Ittifoqi]] davlatlari va Ukrainada joylashgan bo‘lib, konsultatsiyalar asosan bepul telemeditsina xizmatlari orqali olib borilgan.

Ushbu tadqiqotlar davomida yallig‘lanishning aniq markerlari hamda biokimyoviy va neyropsixiatrik ko‘rsatkichlar aniqlanib, simptomlar kamayishi va holat yaxshilanishini baholash uchun obyektiv mezon sifatida foydalanilgan.

Alibek autizmning kelib chiqishi va davolash usullari bo‘yicha 6 ta ilmiy maqolani ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqiladigan (peer-reviewed) jurnallarda chop etgan. Shuningdek, u ushbu yangi davolash yondashuvi bo‘yicha 1 ta AQSh patenti olgan va 3 ta patent arizasini topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Etiotropic and Pathogenetic Therapy of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Case Series of 6 Children. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 1(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A and Isakov T (2019) Prevalence of Prenatal, Neonatal and Postnatal Complications among Healthy Children and Children Diagnosed with ASD in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. J Gynecol Neonatal 2(1): 103;
Kenneth Alibek, Sean Farmer, Albina Tskhay, Alibek Moldakozhayev and Kira Alibek et al. (2019) Tendencies in Changes of Blood Parameters and in Autistic Symptoms Improvements as a Result of Antiviral Treatment: Descriptive Case Series of 11 Children from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. J Clin Case Rep Clin Res 1(1): 102;
Kenneth Alibek et al. (2019) The Role of Infection, Inflammation and Genetic Alterations in ASD Etiopathogenesis: A Review. J Neurol Psychiatr Disord 2(1): 105;
Alibek K, Farmer S, Tskhay A, Moldakozhayev A, Isakov T (2019) Treatment of Chronic and Latent Infections Combined with Nutritional Supplementation Positively Affects Quality of Life of ASD Children: Series of 30 Cases. J Nutr Diet Suppl 3(1): 102;
Alibek K, Niyazmetova L, Farmer S, Isakov T (2022) Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e91179.
&lt;/ref&gt;.
=== Tanqidlar ===

2003-yil sentabr oyidagi yangiliklar xabarida Alibek va yana bir professor o‘z laboratoriya tadqiqotlariga asoslanib, [[chechak vaksinatsiyasi]] (smallpox vaccination) insonning [[OIV]]ga qarshi chidamliligini oshirishi mumkinligini ilgari surgan. Ushbu ish keyinchalik ekspertlar tomonidan ko‘rib chiqish (peer review) jarayonida ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' va ''[[The Lancet]]'' jurnallari tomonidan rad etilgan va hozirda bu yo‘nalishda davom ettirilmaydi.

Chechak bo‘yicha mutaxassis va sobiq Oq uy ilmiy maslahatchisi [[Donald Henderson]] bu g‘oyani tanqid qilib, “bu biologik nuqtai nazardan umuman asosga ega emas... bu fikr mutlaqo mantiqsiz” deb ta’riflagan.

2010-yilda Alibek hammuallifligida ''Biomed Central - Immunology'' jurnalida maqola chop etilgan bo‘lib, unda Dryvax vaksinasining OIV replikatsiyasiga qarshi ma’lum darajada himoya berishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=David |date=2007-07-01 |title=Selling the threat of bioterrorism |url=[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-01-na-alibek1-story.html) |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Alibek shuningdek “Dr. Ken Alibek's Immune System Support Formula” nomli [[dietary supplement|biologik qo‘shimcha]] mahsulotini internet orqali targ‘ib qilgan. Ushbu mahsulot vitaminlar, minerallar va maxsus bakterial aralashmadan iborat bo‘lib, immun tizimini “kuchaytiradi” deb da’vo qilingan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=[http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |title=&quot;Random Samples&quot;, ''Science'', 11 October 2002: Vol. 298. no. 5592, p. 359 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-date=7 February 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b](https://web.archive.org/web/20100207001429/http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/summary/298/5592/359b) |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==

Alibekning rafiqasi va besh farzandi (ikki o‘g‘il va uch qiz) bor; ulardan biri qizi autizm bilan kasallangan.

== Nashrlar ==

; Kitoblar
{{See also|Biohazard (kitob)}}

*Alibek, Ken va Steven Handelman (1999), ''[[Biohazard (kitob)|Biohazard]]: Dunyodagi eng yirik yashirin biologik qurol dasturi ichidan hikoya'', Random House, {{ISBN|0-385-33496-6}}.
*&quot;The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It safe? Does it Work?&quot; (2002), National Academy Press, Vashington, D.C., Institute of Medicine.
*''Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities'' (2002), National Academy Press.
*Weinstein, R.S. va K. Alibek (2003), ''Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Guide for Healthcare Providers and First Responders'', Thieme Medical Publishing, Nyu-York.
*Alibek, K. va boshq. (2003), ''Biological Weapons'', Bio-Prep, Louisiana.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2005), ''Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fong, I. va K. Alibek (2006), ''New and Evolving Infections of the 21st Century'', Springer.
*Fleitz, Alibek, Bryen, Rosett, Chang, DeSutter, Elliott, Faddis, Geraghty, Gibson (2020), ''Defending Against Biothreats: What We Can Learn from the Coronavirus Pandemic to Enhance U.S. Defenses Against Pandemics and Biological Weapons''.

; Kitob boblari
*&quot;Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism&quot; (2001), ''Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future''.
*''Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook'' (2002), Second Edition.
*K. Alibek, C. Lobanova, &quot;Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat&quot; (2006), ''Microorganisms and Bioterrorism''.

; Jurnallardagi maqolalari
*''[[The New York Times]]''
**&quot;Russia's Deadly Expertise&quot;, 27-mart 1998
**&quot;Smallpox Could Still Be a Danger&quot;, 24-may 1999
*''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''
**&quot;Russia Retains Biological Weapons Capability&quot;, 2000-yil fevral
**&quot;Bioterror: A Very Real Threat&quot;, 2001-yil oktabr
*''[[The Washington Post]]''
**&quot;Anthrax under the Microscope&quot;, Matthew Meselson bilan, 2002-yil 5-noyabr

; AQSh Kongressi oldidagi ko‘rsatmalar
*1998-yil may — “Terrorist and Intelligence Operations: Potential Impact on the US Economy”
*1999-yil iyun — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*1999-yil oktabr — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2000-yil may — AQSh Vakillar palatasi oldidagi guvohlik
*2001-yil oktabr — “Combating Terrorism: Assessing the Threat of a Biological Weapons Attack”
*2001-yil dekabr — “Russia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox, and Other Bioterrorist Weapons”
*2001-yil noyabr — AQSh Senati oldidagi guvohlik
*2005-yil iyul — “Implementing a National Biodefense Strategy”
*1999-yil mart — Biological Warfare Threats (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence)
*2005-yil iyul — “Engineering Bio-terror Agents”

; Mukofotlar va unvonlar
*2014 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vaziri mukofoti: “Fan rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan hissasi uchun”
*2011 — Qozog‘iston hukumati Bosh vazir o‘rinbosari mukofoti: “Ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirishga qo‘shgan hissasi uchun”
*2007 — “Panacea Award”, Kiyev
*2005 — Harvard universiteti ma’ruza dasturi ishtirokchisi
*2005 — Center for Advanced Defense Studies, Senior Fellow
*2004 — George Mason University Outstanding Faculty Member Award
*2002 — Business Forward Magazine mukofoti
*2000 va 2002 — World Economic Forum ma’ruzachisi
*1994 — AQSh Kongressi mukofoti (Bronze Barkley medal)
*1989 — SSSR Mudofaa vazirligi: tibbiy xizmat polkovnigi
*1983 — “Harbiy xizmatlari uchun” medali```

== Manbalar ==

{{Reflist}}

&lt;references group=&quot;Weinstein, et al. BMC Immunology201011:23 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-23&quot; /&gt;

== Adabiyotlar ==
* &quot;Interview Dr. Ken Alibek&quot;, ''Journal of Homeland Security'', 2000-yil 18-sentabr
* {{cite magazine |author1=Preston, Richard |title=Annals of Warfare — Biologik qurol ishlab chiquvchilar |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/03/09/the-bioweaponeers |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=1 July 2023 |date=1998-03-09}}
* {{cite web |title=144 Cong. Rec. S1876 - RUSSIAN BW PROGRAM |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CREC-1998-03-12/CREC-1998-03-12-pt1-PgS1876 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=1 July 2023 |pages=1877–1882 |date=1998-03-12}}


[[Category:2001-yil kuydirgi (anthrax) hujumlari]]
[[Category:Qozoq-amerikalik olimlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistondan AQShga ko‘chib o‘tganlar]]
[[Category:Qozoqistonlik olimlar]]
[[Category:Almaty viloyati aholisi]]
[[Category:Biologik qurol bilan bog‘liq shaxslar]]
[[Category:Sibir davlat tibbiyot universiteti bitiruvchilari]]
[[Category:Sovet biologik qurol dasturi]]
[[Category:Sovet mikrobiologlari]]
[[Category:Sovet harbiy shifokorlari]]
[[Category:The Heritage Foundation people]]</text>
      <sha1>niki6q73nspi6w4jl997uqw60ce208f</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:User MM</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988700</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:27:44Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>„{{userbox | border-c = #36c | id       = [[File:Círculos Concéntricos.svg|35px|Muhim maqolalar]] | id-c     = #eaf3ff | info-a   = left | info     = {{center|Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''[[Vikipediya:Muhim maqolalar|muhim maqolalar]]ga''' hissa qoʻshadi.}} | info-c   = #eaf3ff | info-s   = 8.5 | usercategory = Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar ishtirokchilari | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}&lt;noinclude&gt; [[Turkum:Andozalar:Loyiha ishtirokchilari|Vital]] &lt;/no...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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[[Turkum:Andozalar:Loyiha ishtirokchilari|Vital]]
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| info     = {{center|Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''[[Vikipediya:Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar|muhim maqolalar]]ga''' hissa qoʻshadi.}}
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&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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        <id>75661</id>
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      <comment>[[Special:Contributions/Mirishkorlik|Mirishkorlik]] ([[User talk:Mirishkorlik|munozara]]) tomonidan qilingan [[Special:Diff/5988706|5988706]]-sonli tahrir qaytarildi</comment>
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[[Turkum:Andozalar:Loyiha ishtirokchilari|Vital]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Kitob:Shaxmat. Ensiklopedik lugʻat</title>
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      <id>5988701</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
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      <comment>„{{книга  | часть          = {{{часть|}}}  | заглавие       = Shaxmat. Ensiklopedik lugʻat  | ответственный  = гл. ред. [[Карпов, Анатолий Евгеньевич|А.&amp;nbsp;Е.&amp;nbsp;Карпов]]  | место          = М.  | издательство   = [[Katta Rossiya ensiklopediyasi (nashriyot)|Sovet ensiklopediyasi]]  | год            = 1990  | страницы       = {{{страницы...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="682" sha1="k8mv6xvih0ok1pcvjquudmb54mmg2jp" xml:space="preserve">{{книга
 | часть          = {{{часть|}}}
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 | ответственный  = гл. ред. [[Карпов, Анатолий Евгеньевич|А.&amp;nbsp;Е.&amp;nbsp;Карпов]]
 | место          = М.
 | издательство   = [[Katta Rossiya ensiklopediyasi (nashriyot)|Sovet ensiklopediyasi]]
 | год            = 1990
 | страницы       = {{{страницы|{{{с|{{{С|{{{c|{{{C|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
 | страниц        = 621
 | isbn           = 5-85270-005-3
 | тираж          = 100000
 | ref            = {{{ref|Shaxmat. Ensiklopedik lugʻat}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Ken Alibek</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364207</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
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      <comment>/* Anzoda qo'shish */ yangi mavzu</comment>
      <origin>5988703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="225" sha1="4ux5eiqp021dx0rs883qy2n3padewtn" xml:space="preserve">== Anzoda qo'shish ==

&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Andoza:Viki-bahor 2026|Viki-bahor 2026]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 16:35, 2026-yil 11-aprel (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="42" sha1="crgdxuviefurv4kj23t7lcb2f3tzwek" xml:space="preserve">== Anzoda qo'shish ==

{{Viki-bahor 2026}}</text>
      <sha1>crgdxuviefurv4kj23t7lcb2f3tzwek</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Flyura Hasanova</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364208</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988704</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:35:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Shaxmatchi | Ism              = Flyura Hasanova | Asl ism          = Flyura Sirenevna Hasanova | Tasvir           = (tasvir) | Hajm             = (tasvir hajmi) | Izoh             = (tasvir izohi) | Tugilgan sanasi  = {{Tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1964|12|31}} | Tugilgan joyi    = {{tavalludJoyi|Chirchiq}}, Oʻzbekiston SSR, SSSR | Fuqaroligi       = {{SSSR}} → {{KAZ}} | Vafot sanasi     = | Vafot joyi       = | Yashash joyi     = Qozogʻiston |...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="3127" sha1="gc7xslt6sdvcwnqcbwtosfxz1bh7k5h" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxmatchi
| Ism              = Flyura Hasanova
| Asl ism          = Flyura Sirenevna Hasanova
| Tasvir           = (tasvir)
| Hajm             = (tasvir hajmi)
| Izoh             = (tasvir izohi)
| Tugilgan sanasi  = {{Tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1964|12|31}}
| Tugilgan joyi    = {{tavalludJoyi|Chirchiq}}, Oʻzbekiston SSR, SSSR
| Fuqaroligi       = {{SSSR}} → {{KAZ}}
| Vafot sanasi     =
| Vafot joyi       =
| Yashash joyi     = Qozogʻiston
| Unvoni           = (unvoni)
| Maksimal reytingi= 2350 (1997-yil iyul)
| Hozirgi reytingi =
| Mukofotlari      =
| Vebsayti         =
| matn16      = {{#if:{{{module|}}}|&lt;nowiki /&gt;
{{(!}} style=&quot;text-align:left; width:100%; margin:0; border-spacing:0&quot;
{{!}}-
{{!}}
{{{module|}}}
{{!)}}
}}

}}
'''Flyura Sirenevna Hasanova''' ({{Lang-ru|Хасанова, Флюра Сиреньевна}}; 1964-yil 31-dekabrda Toshkent viloyati, Chirchiq shahrida tugʻilgan) — sovet va [[Qozogʻistonlik oʻzbeklar|qozogʻistonlik]] [[Shaxmat|shaxmatchi]], ayollar oʻrtasida [[grossmeyster]] (1998). [[FIDE]] murabbiyi (2014, 2026-yil aprel holatiga koʻra litsenziyasi boʻlmagan), FIDE xalqaro arbitri (2001).

== Shaxmatdagi faoliyati ==
Qizlar oʻrtasida SSSR chempioni va ayollar oʻrtasida Moskva chempioni (1982). Qizlar oʻrtasidagi birinchi rasmiy jahon chempionati gʻolibi (1983). Bir nechta SSSR chempionati ishtirokchisi: 1986-yilda 12–15-oʻrinlarni, 1988-yilda 4-oʻrinni, 1989-yilda 11-oʻrinni egallagan. Xalqaro turnirlardagi eng yaxshi natijalari: [[Toshkent]] (1986) — 1–2-oʻrinlar; [[Olmaota]] (1987) — 2–3-oʻrinlar.

Qozogʻiston terma jamoasi tarkibida 5 ta Butunjahon [[Shaxmat Olimpiadasi|shaxmat olimpiadasida]] (1992—1996, 2000 va 2004) ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.caravan.kz/article/5267|title=Шахматная королева|access-date=2015-04-27|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724200705/http://www.caravan.kz/article/5267|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1999-yilda tashkil etilgan F. HASANOVA nomidagi www.chezz.kz shaxmat maktabining asoschisi va bosh murabbiyi.

== Reyting o‘zgarishlari ==
{{Elo chart|height=200|width=700|ymin=1900}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* {{Kitob:Shaxmat. Ensiklopedik lugʻat|sahifa=419}}

== Havolalar ==
* https://www.365chess.com/players/Fliura_Uskova
* https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=89159
* https://chesstempo.com/game-database/player/flyura-khasanova/103423
* https://ratings.fide.com/profile/13700081
* {{FIDE}}
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=89159 Her games]

{{Portal bar|Biografiya|Osiyo|Shaxmat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasanova, Flyura}}
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha shaxmatchilar]]
[[Turkum:Chirchiq kishilari]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik ayol shaxmatchilar]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmatchi ayol grossmeysterlar]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha SSSR sport ustasi]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik shaxmat hakamlari]]
[[Turkum:Xalqaro shaxmat hakamlari]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha yoshlar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha oʻsmir ayollar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Havolalar */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3085" sha1="q3dsor935uc3uyiv9mxc9s9wmk00qho" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxmatchi
| Ism              = Flyura Hasanova
| Asl ism          = Flyura Sirenevna Hasanova
| Tasvir           = (tasvir)
| Hajm             = (tasvir hajmi)
| Izoh             = (tasvir izohi)
| Tugilgan sanasi  = {{Tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1964|12|31}}
| Tugilgan joyi    = {{tavalludJoyi|Chirchiq}}, Oʻzbekiston SSR, SSSR
| Fuqaroligi       = {{SSSR}} → {{KAZ}}
| Vafot sanasi     =
| Vafot joyi       =
| Yashash joyi     = Qozogʻiston
| Unvoni           = (unvoni)
| Maksimal reytingi= 2350 (1997-yil iyul)
| Hozirgi reytingi =
| Mukofotlari      =
| Vebsayti         =
| matn16      = {{#if:{{{module|}}}|&lt;nowiki /&gt;
{{(!}} style=&quot;text-align:left; width:100%; margin:0; border-spacing:0&quot;
{{!}}-
{{!}}
{{{module|}}}
{{!)}}
}}

}}
'''Flyura Sirenevna Hasanova''' ({{Lang-ru|Хасанова, Флюра Сиреньевна}}; 1964-yil 31-dekabrda Toshkent viloyati, Chirchiq shahrida tugʻilgan) — sovet va [[Qozogʻistonlik oʻzbeklar|qozogʻistonlik]] [[Shaxmat|shaxmatchi]], ayollar oʻrtasida [[grossmeyster]] (1998). [[FIDE]] murabbiyi (2014, 2026-yil aprel holatiga koʻra litsenziyasi boʻlmagan), FIDE xalqaro arbitri (2001).

== Shaxmatdagi faoliyati ==
Qizlar oʻrtasida SSSR chempioni va ayollar oʻrtasida Moskva chempioni (1982). Qizlar oʻrtasidagi birinchi rasmiy jahon chempionati gʻolibi (1983). Bir nechta SSSR chempionati ishtirokchisi: 1986-yilda 12–15-oʻrinlarni, 1988-yilda 4-oʻrinni, 1989-yilda 11-oʻrinni egallagan. Xalqaro turnirlardagi eng yaxshi natijalari: [[Toshkent]] (1986) — 1–2-oʻrinlar; [[Olmaota]] (1987) — 2–3-oʻrinlar.

Qozogʻiston terma jamoasi tarkibida 5 ta Butunjahon [[Shaxmat Olimpiadasi|shaxmat olimpiadasida]] (1992—1996, 2000 va 2004) ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.caravan.kz/article/5267|title=Шахматная королева|access-date=2015-04-27|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724200705/http://www.caravan.kz/article/5267|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1999-yilda tashkil etilgan F. HASANOVA nomidagi www.chezz.kz shaxmat maktabining asoschisi va bosh murabbiyi.

== Reyting o‘zgarishlari ==
{{Elo chart|height=200|width=700|ymin=1900}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* {{Kitob:Shaxmat. Ensiklopedik lugʻat|sahifa=419}}

== Havolalar ==
* https://www.365chess.com/players/Fliura_Uskova
* https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=89159
* https://chesstempo.com/game-database/player/flyura-khasanova/103423
* https://ratings.fide.com/profile/13700081
* {{FIDE}}
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=89159 Her games]

{{Portal bar|Biografiya|Osiyo|Shaxmat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasanova, Flyura}}
[[Turkum:Chirchiq kishilari]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik ayol shaxmatchilar]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmatchi ayol grossmeysterlar]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha SSSR sport ustasi]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik shaxmat hakamlari]]
[[Turkum:Xalqaro shaxmat hakamlari]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha yoshlar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha oʻsmir ayollar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]</text>
      <sha1>q3dsor935uc3uyiv9mxc9s9wmk00qho</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Şohrat Jumaýew</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364209</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988709</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:37:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi  | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]  | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]  | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}  | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]] }}  '''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor el...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="10147" sha1="nl8mwu4bz2alo44o7d8jl7ula85rvah" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining  ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari]] boʻyicha doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga  xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, doimiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
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      <text bytes="10144" sha1="3c0vkb7cxtknigf4igx0c957sy0cwn5" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
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 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
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 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
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'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari]] boʻyicha doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, doimiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
      <sha1>3c0vkb7cxtknigf4igx0c957sy0cwn5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988718</id>
      <parentid>5988710</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:44:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988718</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10185" sha1="rutdaxyd9vu14pn2py6ncua4ji8eyg2" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari]] boʻyicha doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, doimiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>5988718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:44:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988719</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10222" sha1="9993ffw9tiaeromw7ue0skjvv9uznxf" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari]] boʻyicha doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, doimiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="10256" sha1="1g96j22kxejxb2zfrzx0edln54l08ke" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari]] boʻyicha doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, doimiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988760</id>
      <parentid>5988720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:11:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Mukofotlari */</comment>
      <origin>5988760</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10256" sha1="dc4dzt1f2yhw01v8bnjlm4y0w3180o4" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari]] boʻyicha doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988854</id>
      <parentid>5988760</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T02:19:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10259" sha1="j15fs5mmnazvmpiccee3qflkdpcrmqg" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari tashkilotida]] doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10269" sha1="d247wwhlj62aokc77kgq2kv943iji9n" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Şohrat Durdykulyewiç Jumaýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Shuhrat Durdiquliyevich Jumayev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2008).

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Şohrat Jumaýew 2008-yil martigacha Turkmanistonning [[Turkiya|Turkiyadagi]] Bosh konsulligi [[Konsul|konsuli]], 2008-yil 20-martdan 2010-yil 28-maygacha Turkmanistonning [[Armaniston|Armanistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|title=Президент Туркмении произвел кадровые назначения в МИД страны|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2008-03-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/node/24140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 28-maydan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyadagi]] Favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2010-yil 21-iyulda Jumaýew [[Ruminiya]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]] [[Traian Băsescu|Traian Băsescuga]] oʻzining ishonch yorliqlarini topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты президенту Румынии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2010-07-22|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213226/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/34709.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2013-yil 16-iyuldan 2018-yil 20-dekabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Xorvatiya|Xorvatiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|title=Туркменский посол в Румынии назначен также полпредом в Хорватии|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2013-07-16|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213225/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/38801.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2018-yil 20-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2018-12-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.parahat.info/edict/parahat-info-law-1581|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О ДЖУМАЕВЕ Ш.Д.|website=|publisher=|date=2021-08-18|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2279|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2019-yil 3-maydan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti huzuridagi Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari boʻyicha tashkilotida]] doimiy vakili&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|title=Назначен постоянный представитель Туркменистана при ЮНЕСКО|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2019-05-03|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213223/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/44067.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hamda qoʻshimcha ravishda 2019-yil 25-dekabrdan 2021-yil 18-avgustgacha Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|title=Шохрат Джумаев назначен послом в Португалии|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2019-12-27|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20191227/12135.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Oilaviy zoʻravonlik ayblovi ===
2021-yil may oyida Şohrat Jumaýew xotini va qiziga nisbatan [[Oiladagi zoʻravonlik|oilaviy zoʻravonlik]] qilganlikda gumon qilinadi, bunga xotinining ariza bilan [[Fransiya|fransuz]] [[Politsiya|politsiyasiga]] qilgan murojaati asos boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|title=Посла Туркменистана во Франции подозревают в избиении жены и дочери|website=Хроника Туркменистана|publisher=|date=2021-05-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213222/https://www.hronikatm.com/2021/05/tm-ambassador-in-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmanistonning [[Parij|Parijdagi]] [[Elchixona|elchixonasi]] maʼlumotlarni rad etib, [[Ayblov|ayblovlarni]] „mutlaqo notoʻgʻri“, Turkmanistonning favqulodda va muxtor elchisining shaʼni hamda qadr-qimmatiga putur yetkazadigan holat deb atagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|title=L’ambassade du Turkménistan en France dément les accusations de violences infligées par son ambassadeur à sa famille|website=Sputnik Afrique|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213221/https://fr.sputniknews.africa/20210513/lambassade-du-turkmenistan-en-france-dement-les-accusations-de-violences-infligees-par-son-1045593447.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Oʻz navbatida, fransuz [[ommaviy axborot vositalari]] [[Diplomatik immunitet|diplomatik daxlsizlik]] tufayli Şohrat Jumaýewga nisbatan [[tergov]] qoʻzgʻatilmasligi mumkinligini taʼkidlashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|title=Paris : l’ambassadeur du Turkménistan en France soupçonné de violences contre sa femme et sa fille|website=Le Parisien|publisher=|date=2021-05-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102213220/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/paris-lambassadeur-du-turkmenistan-en-france-soupconne-de-violences-violences-contre-sa-femme-et-sa-fille-13-05-2021-H77BZF42JFA7VAHSYNC5XY4EDM.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Iyun oyida elchining xotini va qizi [[Boshpana huquqi|siyosiy boshpana]] soʻrab ariza berishadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|title=Жена и дочь посла Туркменистана во Франции подали на политическое убежище|website=turkmen.news|publisher=|date=2021-06-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102214725/https://turkmen.news/asylum-france/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Şohrat Jumaýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-20|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]]</text>
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    <title>Andoza:MM barnstar</title>
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      <comment>„{{userbox | border-c = #36c | id       = [[File:Original Vital Barnstar.svg|40px]] | id-c     = #eaf3ff | info-a   = left | info     = {{center|Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''[[Vikipediya:Loyiha;Muhim maqolalar|muhim maqolalar]]ga''' hissa qoʻshadi.}} | info-c   = #eaf3ff | info-s   = 8.5 | usercategory = Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar ishtirokchilari | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}&lt;noinclude&gt; [[Turkum:Andozalar:Loyiha ishtirokchilari|Vital]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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| info     = {{center|Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''[[Vikipediya:Loyiha;Muhim maqolalar|muhim maqolalar]]ga''' hissa qoʻshadi.}}
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      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="137" sha1="2vwn0byk1qp4mdq380108id4y1jpi9h" xml:space="preserve">.diagram {
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.diagram wiki-chart {
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@media (min-width:800px) {
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      <comment>„[[Turkum:SSSR sport ustasi]]“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988717</origin>
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      <text bytes="28" sha1="qk0r2i79py47yf6dqlfac3v44qtzloa" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:SSSR sport ustasi]]</text>
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    <title>Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik shaxmat hakamlari</title>
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    <id>1364214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988721</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„[[Turkum:Davlatlarga koʻra shaxmat hakamlari]] [[Turkum:Qozogʻistonda shaxmat]] [[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik sport hakamlari|shaxmat]]“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="132" sha1="keym8fxwg3syglyel5k5fofy90igylv" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Davlatlarga koʻra shaxmat hakamlari]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonda shaxmat]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik sport hakamlari|shaxmat]]</text>
      <sha1>keym8fxwg3syglyel5k5fofy90igylv</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Yaxshi MM user</title>
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    <id>1364215</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>„{{userbox | border-c = #C0EFBA | id       = [[File:Symbol support vote.svg|40px]] | id-c     = #C0EFBA | info     = Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''{{#if:{{both|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}|[[{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]|{{{1|}}}}} [[Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar#Mukofotlar|{{plural:{{{1|}}}|muhim hamda yaxshi maqola|muhim hamda yaxshi maqolalarni}}]]''' {{#if: {{{action|}}} |{{{action}}} | ommalashtirishga koʻmaklashadi}}. | info-c   = #F0FFEA | usercategory = Wikipedi...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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| id-c     = #C0EFBA
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| info-c   = #F0FFEA
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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| id-c     = #C0EFBA
| info     = Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''{{#if:{{both|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}|[[{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]|{{{1|}}}}} [[Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar#Mukofotlar|{{plural:{{{1|}}}|muhim hamda yaxshi maqola|muhim hamda yaxshi maqolalarni}}]]''' {{#if: {{{action|}}} |{{{action}}} | ommalashtirishga koʻmaklashadi}}.
| info-c   = #F0FFEA
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        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Mirishkorlik [[Andoza:MM Yaxshi]] sahifasini [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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| border-c = #C0EFBA
| id       = [[File:Symbol support vote.svg|40px]]
| id-c     = #C0EFBA
| info     = Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''{{#if:{{both|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}|[[{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]|{{{1|}}}}} [[Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar#Mukofotlar|{{plural:{{{1|}}}|muhim hamda yaxshi maqola|muhim hamda yaxshi maqolalarni}}]]''' {{#if: {{{action|}}} |{{{action}}} | ommalashtirishga koʻmaklashadi}}.
| info-c   = #F0FFEA
| usercategory = Andozalar:Yaxshi maqolalarga hissa qoʻshuvchilar 
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Mirishkorlik [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM]] sahifasini [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM user]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="562" sha1="9y7o6psv9e1xtlulkkejd1yrmzgb9pp" xml:space="preserve">{{userbox
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| info-c   = #F0FFEA
| usercategory = Andozalar:Yaxshi maqolalarga hissa qoʻshuvchilar 
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„[[Turkum:Shaxmat hakamlari]] [[Turkum:Shaxmat unvonlari]]“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988725</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="57" sha1="qpo9oo6iqi6iil87jmb54coicc2nsql" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Shaxmat hakamlari]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat unvonlari]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>1364217</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988728</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:49:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
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      <comment>„[[Turkum:oʻsmirlar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="53" sha1="2rb314aqz6bo66xg6girn8cbhej7ms1" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:oʻsmirlar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
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      <text bytes="154" sha1="sftmneredzhsuu0161ysc0nz3hktekz" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:oʻsmirlar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari]]
[[Turkum:Ayollar oʻrtasidagi shaxmat chempionlari]]
[[Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha jahon chempionlari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andoza:MM Yaxshi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988730</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
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      <comment>Mirishkorlik [[Andoza:MM Yaxshi]] sahifasini [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988730</origin>
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      <text bytes="35" sha1="ajqop0k33o5v355zm4vy702ruqsp3lo" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>1850</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixing double redirect from [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM]] to [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM user]]</comment>
      <origin>5988847</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="srj2r4knwwgjro5rgbc3z69yf3wtoid" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM user]]</text>
      <sha1>srj2r4knwwgjro5rgbc3z69yf3wtoid</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Yaxshi MM</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1364219</id>
    <redirect title="Andoza:Yaxshi MM user" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988732</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:50:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mirishkorlik [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM]] sahifasini [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM user]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="srj2r4knwwgjro5rgbc3z69yf3wtoid" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Andoza:Yaxshi MM user]]</text>
      <sha1>srj2r4knwwgjro5rgbc3z69yf3wtoid</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik ayol shaxmatchilar</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>1364220</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988735</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:52:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„[[Turkum:Qozogʻiston shaxmatchilari]] [[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik ayol sportchilar|shaxmatchilar]] [[Turkum:Millatiga koʻra ayol shaxmatchilar]]“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988735</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="143" sha1="aezmrw9r8ciy70vhzu7iowd32o8zhic" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Qozogʻiston shaxmatchilari]]
[[Turkum:Qozogʻistonlik ayol sportchilar|shaxmatchilar]]
[[Turkum:Millatiga koʻra ayol shaxmatchilar]]</text>
      <sha1>aezmrw9r8ciy70vhzu7iowd32o8zhic</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Tanlangan MM user</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1364221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988737</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:55:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mirishkorlik</username>
        <id>75661</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{userbox | border-c = #f0e68c | id       = [[Image:Cscr-featured.svg|40px]] | id-c     = #f0e68c | info     = Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''{{#if:{{both|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}|[[{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]|{{{1|}}}}} [[Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar#Mukofotlar|{{plural:{{{1|}}}|muhim hamda tanlangan maqola|muhim hamda tanlangan maqolalarni}}]]''' {{#if: {{{action|}}} |{{{action}}} | ommalashtirishga koʻmaklashadi}}. | info-c   = #fafad2 | usercategory = Andozal...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988737</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="566" sha1="5o2u73pwdtz6tv3lypnb4gjpdhw2oqa" xml:space="preserve">{{userbox
| border-c = #f0e68c
| id       = [[Image:Cscr-featured.svg|40px]]
| id-c     = #f0e68c
| info     = Ushbu foydalanuvchi Vikipediyada '''{{#if:{{both|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}|[[{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]|{{{1|}}}}} [[Loyiha:Muhim maqolalar#Mukofotlar|{{plural:{{{1|}}}|muhim hamda tanlangan maqola|muhim hamda tanlangan maqolalarni}}]]''' {{#if: {{{action|}}} |{{{action}}} | ommalashtirishga koʻmaklashadi}}.
| info-c   = #fafad2
| usercategory = Andozalar:Tanlangan maqolalarga hissa qoʻshuvchilar 
| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5o2u73pwdtz6tv3lypnb4gjpdhw2oqa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkum:Shaxmat boʻyicha yoshlar oʻrtasidagi jahon chempionlari</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>1364222</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988739</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:55:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„[[Turkum:Musobaqalarga koʻra shaxmatchilar]]“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988739</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="fkqmycdg2v0sby52564k7w9r4w0y7jx" xml:space="preserve">[[Turkum:Musobaqalarga koʻra shaxmatchilar]]</text>
      <sha1>fkqmycdg2v0sby52564k7w9r4w0y7jx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Flyura Hasanova</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364223</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988740</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T16:56:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AnvarxonM</username>
        <id>75105</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Munozara}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988740</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="i0334d6p1habe1lk5bs1ngk0r0c8gry" xml:space="preserve">{{Munozara}}</text>
      <sha1>i0334d6p1habe1lk5bs1ngk0r0c8gry</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Batyr Niýazlyýew</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364224</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988742</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:01:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi  | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]  | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]  | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}  | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]] }}  '''Batyr Gurbanmyradowiç Niýazlyýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Botir Gurbanmiradovich Niyazliyev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] Elchi|favqulodda va mux...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988742</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10205" sha1="k69f57vkh3h9himpuzr2jsbhr0w1x5u" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}

'''Batyr Gurbanmyradowiç Niýazlyýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Botir Gurbanmiradovich Niyazliyev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении Ниязлиеву Б.Г. дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла»|website=|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212916/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew 2014-yil 21-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-yanvargacha Turkmanistonning [[Qirgʻiziston|Qirgʻizistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О Ниязлиеве Б.Г.»|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212918/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|title=Туркмено-киргизские дипотношения вышли на посольский уровень|website=|publisher=Хроника Туркменистана|date=2014-08-24|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 8-yanvardan 2016-yil 14-oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirining xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan ishlash boʻyicha oʻrinbosari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|title=Хроника|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 14-oktyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|title=Туркмения назначила нового посла в России|website=|publisher=РИА Новости|date=2016-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212912/https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 9-noyabrda Niýazlyýew [[Rossiya prezidenti]] [[Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putinga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|title=Новый посол Туркменистана в РФ вручил верительные грамоты Владимиру Путину|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2016-11-13|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qoʻshimcha ravishda 2017-yil 27-maydan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Sloveniya|Sloveniyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана от 26 мая 2017 года|website=mfa.gov.tm|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 25-avgustdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Serbiya|Serbiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|title=Назначен посол Туркменистана в Республике Сербия|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана на Украине|date=2017-08-26|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 30-noyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Bulg‘oriston (Bolgariya)|Bolgariyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|title=Глава государства назначил Батыра Ниязлиева Послом в Болгарии|website=ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=|date=2017-11-30|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yil 13-fevralda Niýazlyýew [[Turkmaniston]] va [[Grenada]] oʻrtasida [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatilishida ishtirok etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|title=МЕЖДУ ТУРКМЕНИСТАНОМ И ГРЕНАДОЙ УСТАНОВЛЕНЫ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ|website=russia.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана в России|date=2020-02-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2021-yil 21-mayda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] bilan [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatishda ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|title=Туркменистан установил дипломатические отношения с Республикой Конго|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2021-05-22|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 10-noyabrda boshqa ishga oʻtishi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|title=Сердар Бердымухамедов назначил нового посла Туркменистана в России|website=Turkmenportal.com|publisher=|date=2023-11-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988743</id>
      <parentid>5988742</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:01:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988743</origin>
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      <text bytes="10204" sha1="3i5l7e9h16sfqrxjrkqqapfuly488iq" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}
'''Batyr Gurbanmyradowiç Niýazlyýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Botir Gurbanmiradovich Niyazliyev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении Ниязлиеву Б.Г. дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла»|website=|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212916/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew 2014-yil 21-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-yanvargacha Turkmanistonning [[Qirgʻiziston|Qirgʻizistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О Ниязлиеве Б.Г.»|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212918/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|title=Туркмено-киргизские дипотношения вышли на посольский уровень|website=|publisher=Хроника Туркменистана|date=2014-08-24|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 8-yanvardan 2016-yil 14-oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirining xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan ishlash boʻyicha oʻrinbosari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|title=Хроника|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 14-oktyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|title=Туркмения назначила нового посла в России|website=|publisher=РИА Новости|date=2016-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212912/https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 9-noyabrda Niýazlyýew [[Rossiya prezidenti]] [[Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putinga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|title=Новый посол Туркменистана в РФ вручил верительные грамоты Владимиру Путину|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2016-11-13|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qoʻshimcha ravishda 2017-yil 27-maydan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Sloveniya|Sloveniyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана от 26 мая 2017 года|website=mfa.gov.tm|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 25-avgustdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Serbiya|Serbiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|title=Назначен посол Туркменистана в Республике Сербия|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана на Украине|date=2017-08-26|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 30-noyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Bulg‘oriston (Bolgariya)|Bolgariyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|title=Глава государства назначил Батыра Ниязлиева Послом в Болгарии|website=ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=|date=2017-11-30|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yil 13-fevralda Niýazlyýew [[Turkmaniston]] va [[Grenada]] oʻrtasida [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatilishida ishtirok etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|title=МЕЖДУ ТУРКМЕНИСТАНОМ И ГРЕНАДОЙ УСТАНОВЛЕНЫ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ|website=russia.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана в России|date=2020-02-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2021-yil 21-mayda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] bilan [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatishda ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|title=Туркменистан установил дипломатические отношения с Республикой Конго|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2021-05-22|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 10-noyabrda boshqa ishga oʻtishi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|title=Сердар Бердымухамедов назначил нового посла Туркменистана в России|website=Turkmenportal.com|publisher=|date=2023-11-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988744</id>
      <parentid>5988743</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:02:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="10245" sha1="kwfy5grw4447jkdlffgotgk99d3a9ql" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}
'''Batyr Gurbanmyradowiç Niýazlyýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Botir Gurbanmiradovich Niyazliyev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении Ниязлиеву Б.Г. дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла»|website=|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212916/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew 2014-yil 21-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-yanvargacha Turkmanistonning [[Qirgʻiziston|Qirgʻizistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О Ниязлиеве Б.Г.»|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212918/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|title=Туркмено-киргизские дипотношения вышли на посольский уровень|website=|publisher=Хроника Туркменистана|date=2014-08-24|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 8-yanvardan 2016-yil 14-oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirining xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan ishlash boʻyicha oʻrinbosari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|title=Хроника|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 14-oktyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|title=Туркмения назначила нового посла в России|website=|publisher=РИА Новости|date=2016-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212912/https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 9-noyabrda Niýazlyýew [[Rossiya prezidenti]] [[Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putinga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|title=Новый посол Туркменистана в РФ вручил верительные грамоты Владимиру Путину|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2016-11-13|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qoʻshimcha ravishda 2017-yil 27-maydan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Sloveniya|Sloveniyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана от 26 мая 2017 года|website=mfa.gov.tm|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 25-avgustdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Serbiya|Serbiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|title=Назначен посол Туркменистана в Республике Сербия|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана на Украине|date=2017-08-26|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 30-noyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Bulg‘oriston (Bolgariya)|Bolgariyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|title=Глава государства назначил Батыра Ниязлиева Послом в Болгарии|website=ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=|date=2017-11-30|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yil 13-fevralda Niýazlyýew [[Turkmaniston]] va [[Grenada]] oʻrtasida [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatilishida ishtirok etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|title=МЕЖДУ ТУРКМЕНИСТАНОМ И ГРЕНАДОЙ УСТАНОВЛЕНЫ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ|website=russia.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана в России|date=2020-02-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2021-yil 21-mayda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] bilan [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatishda ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|title=Туркменистан установил дипломатические отношения с Республикой Конго|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2021-05-22|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 10-noyabrda boshqa ishga oʻtishi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|title=Сердар Бердымухамедов назначил нового посла Туркменистана в России|website=Turkmenportal.com|publisher=|date=2023-11-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]</text>
      <sha1>kwfy5grw4447jkdlffgotgk99d3a9ql</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988746</id>
      <parentid>5988744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:02:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988746</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10282" sha1="6uby0ggwy0k75a0ar0g3zqusoxiu1yk" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}
'''Batyr Gurbanmyradowiç Niýazlyýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Botir Gurbanmiradovich Niyazliyev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении Ниязлиеву Б.Г. дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла»|website=|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212916/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew 2014-yil 21-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-yanvargacha Turkmanistonning [[Qirgʻiziston|Qirgʻizistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О Ниязлиеве Б.Г.»|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212918/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|title=Туркмено-киргизские дипотношения вышли на посольский уровень|website=|publisher=Хроника Туркменистана|date=2014-08-24|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 8-yanvardan 2016-yil 14-oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirining xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan ishlash boʻyicha oʻrinbosari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|title=Хроника|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 14-oktyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|title=Туркмения назначила нового посла в России|website=|publisher=РИА Новости|date=2016-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212912/https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 9-noyabrda Niýazlyýew [[Rossiya prezidenti]] [[Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putinga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|title=Новый посол Туркменистана в РФ вручил верительные грамоты Владимиру Путину|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2016-11-13|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qoʻshimcha ravishda 2017-yil 27-maydan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Sloveniya|Sloveniyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана от 26 мая 2017 года|website=mfa.gov.tm|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 25-avgustdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Serbiya|Serbiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|title=Назначен посол Туркменистана в Республике Сербия|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана на Украине|date=2017-08-26|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 30-noyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Bulg‘oriston (Bolgariya)|Bolgariyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|title=Глава государства назначил Батыра Ниязлиева Послом в Болгарии|website=ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=|date=2017-11-30|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yil 13-fevralda Niýazlyýew [[Turkmaniston]] va [[Grenada]] oʻrtasida [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatilishida ishtirok etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|title=МЕЖДУ ТУРКМЕНИСТАНОМ И ГРЕНАДОЙ УСТАНОВЛЕНЫ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ|website=russia.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана в России|date=2020-02-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2021-yil 21-mayda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] bilan [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatishda ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|title=Туркменистан установил дипломатические отношения с Республикой Конго|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2021-05-22|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 10-noyabrda boshqa ishga oʻtishi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|title=Сердар Бердымухамедов назначил нового посла Туркменистана в России|website=Turkmenportal.com|publisher=|date=2023-11-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>6uby0ggwy0k75a0ar0g3zqusoxiu1yk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988747</id>
      <parentid>5988746</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:02:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988747</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10316" sha1="9x7h85ncwyg4umurtsw2a9elvjiqevj" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[XX asr]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | kasbi                = [[diplomat]], [[elchi]]
}}
'''Batyr Gurbanmyradowiç Niýazlyýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Botir Gurbanmiradovich Niyazliyev}}; [[XX asr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Elchi|favqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении Ниязлиеву Б.Г. дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла»|website=|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212916/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-prisvoenii-niyazlievu-b-g-diplomaticheskogo-ranga-chrezvychaynogo-i-polnomochnogo-posla|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew 2014-yil 21-avgustdan 2016-yil 8-yanvargacha Turkmanistonning [[Qirgʻiziston|Qirgʻizistondagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О Ниязлиеве Б.Г.»|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=2014-08-21|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212918/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-08-21-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-niyazlieve-b-g|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|title=Туркмено-киргизские дипотношения вышли на посольский уровень|website=|publisher=Хроника Туркменистана|date=2014-08-24|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.hronikatm.com/2014/08/turkmeno-kirgizskie-dipotnosheniya-vyishli-na-posolskiy-uroven/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 8-yanvardan 2016-yil 14-oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirining xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan ishlash boʻyicha oʻrinbosari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|title=Хроника|website=parahat.info|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/tdh/2016-01-08-hronika|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 14-oktyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|title=Туркмения назначила нового посла в России|website=|publisher=РИА Новости|date=2016-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212912/https://ria.ru/20161014/1479275897.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2016-yil 9-noyabrda Niýazlyýew [[Rossiya prezidenti]] [[Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putinga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshirgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|title=Новый посол Туркменистана в РФ вручил верительные грамоты Владимиру Путину|website=turkmeninform.com|publisher=|date=2016-11-13|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://turkmeninform.com/ru/news/20161113/10208.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Qoʻshimcha ravishda 2017-yil 27-maydan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Sloveniya|Sloveniyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана от 26 мая 2017 года|website=mfa.gov.tm|publisher=|date=|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/140|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 25-avgustdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Serbiya|Serbiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|title=Назначен посол Туркменистана в Республике Сербия|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана на Украине|date=2017-08-26|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/42818.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2017-yil 30-noyabrdan 2023-yil 10-noyabrgacha Turkmanistonning [[Bulg‘oriston (Bolgariya)|Bolgariyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|title=Глава государства назначил Батыра Ниязлиева Послом в Болгарии|website=ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=|date=2017-11-30|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://ukraine.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/7923|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2020-yil 13-fevralda Niýazlyýew [[Turkmaniston]] va [[Grenada]] oʻrtasida [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatilishida ishtirok etadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|title=МЕЖДУ ТУРКМЕНИСТАНОМ И ГРЕНАДОЙ УСТАНОВЛЕНЫ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ|website=russia.tmembassy.gov.tm|publisher=Посольство Туркменистана в России|date=2020-02-13|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/news/51509|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2021-yil 21-mayda [[Kongo Respublikasi]] bilan [[Diplomatik munosabat|diplomatik munosabatlar]] oʻrnatishda ishtirok etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|title=Туркменистан установил дипломатические отношения с Республикой Конго|website=turkmenistan.ru|publisher=|date=2021-05-22|access-date=11.04.2026|arxivurl=https://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/45610.html|arxivsana=11.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 10-noyabrda boshqa ishga oʻtishi munosabati bilan Turkmanistonning [[Rossiya|Rossiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi lavozimidan ozod etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|title=Сердар Бердымухамедов назначил нового посла Туркменистана в России|website=Turkmenportal.com|publisher=|date=2023-11-10|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212914/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/69727/serdar-berdymuhamedov-naznachil-novogo-posla-turkmenistana-v-rossii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Batyr Niýazlyýew Maxtumquli Firogʻiy medali (2014-yil 20-oktyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении государственными наградами и присвоении почетных званий в честь празднования 23-й годовщины независимости Туркменистана|website=|publisher=|date=2014-10-14|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127232013/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2014-10-20-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-gosudarstvennymi-nagradami-i-prisvoenii-pochetnyh-zvaniy-v-chest-prazdnovaniya-23-y-godovschiny-nezavisimosti-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Mustaqil, abadiy betaraf Turkmaniston“ medali (2015-yil 2-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap Türkmenistan»|website=|publisher=|date=2015-12-02|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118163320/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2015-12-04-ukaz-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrajdenii-yubileynoy-medalyu-turkmenistana-garashsyz-baky-bitarap-turkmenistan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 14-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=11.04.2026|archive-date=11.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston elchilari]]</text>
      <sha1>9x7h85ncwyg4umurtsw2a9elvjiqevj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Batyr Niýazlyýew</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364225</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988751</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988751</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}</text>
      <sha1>bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364226</id>
    <redirect title="Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988764</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:15:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar [[Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti]] sahifasini [[Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]ga koʻchirdi: Notoʻgʻri yozilgan sarlavha</comment>
      <origin>5988764</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="rh7qs6wi316a4t6j27k3ftlsedxgiak" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]</text>
      <sha1>rh7qs6wi316a4t6j27k3ftlsedxgiak</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364227</id>
    <redirect title="Munozara:Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988766</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T17:15:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar</username>
        <id>201944</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Quwanishbaev Berdiyar [[Munozara:Faravonlik iqtisodiyoti]] sahifasini [[Munozara:Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]ga koʻchirdi: Notoʻgʻri yozilgan sarlavha</comment>
      <origin>5988766</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="5noaxordbt7v20wwkx9n1rf74amw3kb" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Munozara:Farovonlik iqtisodiyoti]]</text>
      <sha1>5noaxordbt7v20wwkx9n1rf74amw3kb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>El diablo no es tan diablo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364228</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988804</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:05:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988804</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1258" sha1="19d1apbxb8ibc7cclbmjt06hibho6d2" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Julián Soler]]
| producer       = [[Alfredo Ripstein]]
| writer         = Fernando Morales Ortiz &lt;br&gt; [[Julián Soler]]
| starring       = [[Sara García]] &lt;br&gt; [[Julián Soler]] &lt;br&gt; Amparo Morillo &lt;br&gt; [[Fernando Soto (Meksikalik aktyor)|Fernando Soto]]
| music          = Rosalío Ramírez &lt;br&gt; Federico Ruiz
| cinematography = Víctor Herrera
| editing        = [[Carlos Savage]]
| studio         = Alameda Films
| distributor    = Alameda Films
| released       = {{film date|1949|10|26}}
| runtime        = 95 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''El diablo no es tan diablo''' – 1949-yilda rejissyor [[Julián Soler]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] fantastik komediya filmi. Bosh rollarni [[Sara García]], Julián Soler, [[Amparo Morillo]] va [[Fernando Soto]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/cartelera/peliculas/el-diablo-no-es-tan-diablo-m-1181571|title=El diablo no es tan diablo|website=[[La Vanguardia]]|language=es|date=August 15, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[Amparo Morillo]]
* [[Emperatriz Carvajal]]
* [[Julián Soler]]
* [[Sara García]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0179764}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>19d1apbxb8ibc7cclbmjt06hibho6d2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>El hijo disobediente</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364229</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988805</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:07:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988805</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1599" sha1="e7xwpebkfsmj8azyx1dwq06gimdizt2" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director = [[Humberto Gómez Landero]]
| producer = [[Alberto Santander]] 
| writer = Humberto Gómez Landero
| narrator =
| starring = [[Germán Valdés]] &lt;br&gt; [[Delia Magaña]]
| music = [[Armando Rosales]] 
| editing = [[José W. Bustos]]
| studio =  AS Films &lt;br&gt; [[Producciónes Grovas]] 
| distributor =   Azteca Films
| released =  {{Film date|1945|11|15|df=yes}}
| runtime = 90 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''El hijo disobediente''' – 1945-yilda rejissyor [[Humberto Gómez Landero]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] komediya filmi. Bosh rollarni[Germán Valdés „Tin-Tan“, [[Delia Magaña]], [[Cuquita Escobar]] va [[Natalia Ortiz]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;Herrera-Sobek p.1080&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[Germán Valdés]] — Germán Rico / Tin Tan
* [[Marcelo Chávez (aktyor)|Marcelo Chávez]] — Marcelo Fortuna
* Cuquita Escobar — Cuca
* [[Delia Magaña]] — Socorro
* [[Miguel Arenas]] — Don Placido
* Tony Díaz — Ángel
* Natalia Ortiz — Doña Dadivosa Matafortuna
* [[Luis G. Barreiro]] — Delegado
* Rafael Icardo — Don Modesto Rojas
* [[Salvador Quiroz]] — Don Rogaciano Rico
* Alfredo Varela padre — Conductor tren
* Ramón G. Larrea — Dueño de cabaret
* Humberto Rodríguez
* Rita María Bauzá
* [[Marga López]] — Mesera del Cabaret 
* Leonor Gómez — Mujer en cabaret

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* Maria Herrera-Sobek. ''Celebrating Latino Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Cultural Traditions''. ABC-CLIO, 2012.

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0218333}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>e7xwpebkfsmj8azyx1dwq06gimdizt2</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Divorciadas (film, 1943)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364230</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988807</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:09:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988807</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1051" sha1="d0j1vqq8zedoi00t4kkeioim2ghrtbs" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Alejandro Galindo (rejissyor)|Alejandro Galindo]]
| producer       = [[Mauricio de la Serna]]
| writer         = [[Ramón Obón]] &lt;br&gt; [[José de Jesús Vizcaino]] &lt;br&gt; Alejandro Galindo
| starring       = [[Blanca de Castejón]] &lt;br&gt; [[René Cardona]] &lt;br&gt; [[Milisa Sierra]]
| music          = [[Raúl Lavista ]]
| editing        = [[Jorge Bustos ]]
| studio         = Clasa Films Mundiales 
| distributor    = 
| released       = {{film date|1943|12|9|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 85 minutes
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Divorciadas''' – 1943-yilda rejissyor [[Alejandro Galindo (rejissyor)|Alejandro Galindo]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] drama filmi. Bosh rollarni [[Blanca de Castejón]], [[René Cardona]] va [[Milisa Sierra]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;Mora p.260&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* Mora, Carl J. ''Mexican Cinema: Reflections of a Society, 1896-2004''. McFarland, 2005.

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0035809}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>d0j1vqq8zedoi00t4kkeioim2ghrtbs</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vértigo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364231</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988809</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:11:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988809</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1655" sha1="selebte85e3h4dsuxwvy38342uajew5" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Antonio Momplet]]
| producer       = Salvador Elizondo
| screenplay     = Mauricio Magdaleno&lt;br /&gt;Antonio Momplet
| starring       = [[María Félix]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Emilio Tuero]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lilia Michel]]
| music          = Jorge Pérez
| editing        = Jorge Bustos
| studio         = [[Clasa Films Mundiales]]
| released       = {{Film date|df=y|1946|2|14}}
| runtime        = 82 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Vértigo''' – 1946-yilda rejissyor [[Antonio Momplet]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] drama filmi. Bosh rollarni [[María Félix]], [[Emilio Tuero]] va [[Lilia Michel]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.academiamexicanadecine.org.mx/ver_ariel.asp?tipo=pelicula&amp;idPelicula=808|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911003440/http://www.academiamexicanadecine.org.mx/ver_ariel.asp?tipo=pelicula&amp;idPelicula=808|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 September 2014|title=Ariel &gt; Ganadores y nominados &gt; Vértigo|language=Spanish|publisher=[[Academia Mexicana de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas]]|accessdate=10 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[María Félix]] — Mercedes Mallea
* [[Emilio Tuero]] — Arturo
* [[Lilia Michel]] — Gabriela
* [[Julio Villarreal]] — Don Agustín
* [[Emma Roldán]] — Nana Joaquina
* [[Manuel Noriega Ruiz|Manuel Noriega]] — Santos
* [[Jorge Mondragón (aktyor)|Jorge Mondragón]] — Miguel Mendoza
* [[Rosa Castro]] — Augusta
* [[Arturo Soto Rangel]] — Padre Moncada
* [[Eduardo Arozamena]] — Don José María

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
*{{IMDB title|0038232}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>selebte85e3h4dsuxwvy38342uajew5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>No me quieras tanto...</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364232</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988811</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:13:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988811</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1963" sha1="dq6wy6rg1wj0bo07mdmcfufde2f3emk" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Chano Urueta]]
| producer       = [[Pedro Galindo]]
| based_on = 
| writer         = [[Eduardo Galindo]] &lt;br&gt; Chano Urueta
| narrator       =
| starring       = [[David Silva (aktyor)|David Silva]] &lt;br&gt; [[Martha Roth]] &lt;br&gt; [[Arturo Martínez (aktyor)|Arturo Martínez]]
| music          =[[Gonzalo Curiel (bastakor)|Gonzalo Curiel]]
| editing        = [[Jorge Bustos]]
| studio =Filmadora Chapultepec
| distributor    =
| released       = {{Film date|1949|7|15|df=y}}
| runtime        = 85 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''No me quieras tanto...''' – 1949-yilda rejissyor [[Chano Urueta]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] drama filmi. Bosh rollarni [[David Silva (aktyor)|David Silva]], [[Martha Roth]] va [[Arturo Martínez (aktyor)|Arturo Martínez]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;Wilt p.128&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Riera p.34&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[David Silva (aktyor)|David Silva]] — Gustavo
* [[Martha Roth]] — Diana 
* [[Arturo Martínez (aktyor)|Arturo Martínez]] — Mauricio del Valle
* [[Joaquín Cordero]] — Reynaldo 
* [[José G. Cruz (aktyor)|José G. Cruz]] — Enrique Gutiérrez
* [[Carlos Múzquiz]] — Luis
* [[Julio Ahuet]] — El chupado, secuaz de Gustavo
* [[José Escanero]] — Padre de Mauricio
* [[Alfonso Alvarado (aktyor)|Alfonso Alvarado]] — Comandante
* [[Alberto Sicardi]] — Bailarín 
* [[Brenda Conde]] — Bailarina 
* [[Alfredo Gil]] — Cantante
* [[Chucho Navarro]] — Cantante 
* [[Hernando Avilés]] — Cantante

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* Riera, Emilio García. ''Historia documental del cine mexicano: 1949''. Ediciones Era, 1969.
* Wilt, David E. ''The Mexican Filmography, 1916 through 2001''. McFarland, 2024.

== Havolalar ==
* Riera, Emilio García. ''Historia documental del cine mexicano: 1949''. Ediciones Era, 1969.
* Wilt, David E. ''The Mexican Filmography, 1916 through 2001''. McFarland, 2024.

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>dq6wy6rg1wj0bo07mdmcfufde2f3emk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>No te cases con mi mujer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364233</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988812</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:14:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988812</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1335" sha1="ljimi47rharbi4y2h917tf4w6p6sf3w" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director =[[Fernando Cortés]]
| producer = 
| writer =  [[José Baviera]] &lt;br&gt; [[Neftali Beltrán]] &lt;br&gt; Fernando Cortés	&lt;br&gt; [[Carlos Sampelayo]]
| starring =[[Mapy Cortés]] &lt;br&gt; [[José Cibrián]] &lt;br&gt; [[Antonio Badú]]
| music = [[Ernesto Cortázar]] &lt;br&gt; [[Manuel Esperón]]
| cinematography = [[José Ortiz Ramos]]
| editing = [[Gloria Schoemann]]
| studio = 
| distributor =Clasa-Mohme
| released = {{Film date|1947|2|27|df=yes}}
| runtime = 80 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''No te cases con mi mujer''' – 1947-yilda rejissyor [[Fernando Cortés]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] komediya filmi. Bosh rollarni [[Mapy Cortés]], [[José Cibrián]] va [[Antonio Badú]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;Riera p.48&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gubern p.58&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[Mapy Cortés]] 
* [[José Cibrián]] 		
* [[Antonio Badú]] 	
* [[Alfredo Varela (aktyor)|Alfredo Varela]]	
* José Pidal
* [[Conchita Gentil Arcos]]	
* [[Francisco Reiguera]]	
* Jorge Rachini		
* [[Joaquín Cordero]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* Gubern, Román. ''Cine español en el exilio, 1936-1939''. Lumen, 1976.
* Riera, Emilio García. ''Historia documental del cine mexicano: 1946–1948''. Universidad de Guadalajara, 1992.

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0244103}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>ljimi47rharbi4y2h917tf4w6p6sf3w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dos mexicanos en Sevilla</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988813</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:15:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988813</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1336" sha1="czrvzud729fws572bym6sjd5ev176vp" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| starring       = [[Carlos Orellana]]
| music          = 
| cinematography = 
| editing        =
| distributor    = 
| released       = {{Film date|1942}}
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Dos mexicanos en Sevilla''' – 1942-yilda suratga olingan [[Meksika]] filmi. Bosh rolni [[Carlos Orellana]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Rodríguez Terceño |first1=José |title=Creaciones audiovisuales actuales |date=2015 |publisher=Asociación Cultural y Científica Iberoamericana |isbn=9788415705352 |page=462 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cfn6CAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA462&amp;dq=Dos+mexicanos+en+Sevilla+1942 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Filmhistoria |date=2000 |publisher=Promociones y Publicaciones Universitarias |location=Barcelona |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZgqAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Dos+mexicanos+Sevilla+1942&amp;dq=Dos+mexicanos+Sevilla+1942 |volume=10 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=García Riera |first1=Emilio |title=Historia del cine mexicano |date=1986 |publisher=Secretaría de Educación Pública |isbn=9789682909412 |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7M5ZAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=mexicanos+Sevilla+1942&amp;dq=mexicanos+Sevilla+1942 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0179778}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>czrvzud729fws572bym6sjd5ev176vp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dueña y señora</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364235</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988815</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:16:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988815</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="427" sha1="8ot4cty8cegxbhhgp63zls24dr5tt91" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| starring       = [[Sara García]]
| music          = 
| cinematography = 
| editing        =
| distributor    = 
| released       = {{Film date|1948}}
| runtime        =
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Dueña y señora''' – 1948-yilda suratga olingan [[Meksika]] filmi. Bosh rolni [[Sara García]] ijro etgan.

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0154433}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>8ot4cty8cegxbhhgp63zls24dr5tt91</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dos pesos dejada</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364236</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988818</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:18:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988818</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1599" sha1="ba3iqgvn7jx65plek1kyy9mztgf2dwa" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       =[[Joaquín Pardavé]]
| producer       =[[Jesús Grovas]]
| writer         = [[José Fernández del Villar]] (pyesa) &lt;br&gt; Joaquín Pardavé
| narrator       =
| starring       =[[Joaquín Pardavé]] &lt;br&gt; [[Sara García]] &lt;br&gt; [[Abel Salazar (aktyor)|Abel Salazar]]
| music          = [[Manuel Esperón]]
| studio =Cinematográfica Grovas
| distributor    = 
| released       = {{Film date|1949|9|7|df=y}}
| runtime        = 100 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Dos pesos dejada''' – 1949-yilda rejissyor [[Joaquín Pardavé]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] komediya drama filmi. Bosh rollarni Joaquín Pardavé, [[Sara García]] va [[Abel Salazar (aktyor)|Abel Salazar]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;Riera p.62&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Motion Picture Production Encyclopedia''. Hollywood Reporter, 1952. p.966&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[Joaquín Pardavé]] — Gabino Pringoso
* [[Sara García]] — Doña Prudencia
* [[Abel Salazar (aktyor)|Abel Salazar]] — Fermín
* [[Alicia Caro]] — Lupe
* [[Esmeralda (aktrisa)|Esmeralda]] — Risaralda
* [[Alfredo Varela (aktyor)|Alfredo Varela]] — Coquito 
* [[Conchita Gentil Arcos]] — Doña Refugio
* [[Pepe Martínez (aktyor)|Pepe Martínez]] — Sacerdote
* [[Flora Alicia Campos]] — Lidia
* [[Rosario García]] — Doña Juana 
* [[Salvador Quiroz]] — Custodio

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* Riera, Emilio García. ''Historia documental del cine mexicano: época sonora, Volume 4''. Ediciones Era, 1969.  

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0179779}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>ba3iqgvn7jx65plek1kyy9mztgf2dwa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Los siete niños de Écija</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364237</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988820</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:20:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2041" sha1="d9q1yx9l2g7o5dfs6q9hdv2jb7n3azz" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Miguel Morayta]]
| producer       = Francisco Ortiz Monasterio
| based_on = 	''Ecija's Seven Children'' — [[Manuel Fernández y González]] 
| writer         = Miguel Morayta &lt;br&gt; [[Faustino Nadal Silva]] &lt;br&gt; [[Rafael M. Saavedra]]
| narrator       =
| starring       = [[Julián Soler]] &lt;br&gt; [[Rosario Granados]] &lt;br&gt; [[Luis Beristáin]]
| music          = [[Luis Hernández Bretón]]
| cinematography = [[Jorge Stahl Jr.]]
| editing        = Fernando Martinez
| studio = Producciones México
| distributor    = [[CIFESA]] (Spain)
| released       = {{Film date|1947|7|3|df=y}}
| runtime        = 95 minut
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Los siete niños de Écija''' – 1947-yilda rejissyor [[Miguel Morayta]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] tarixiy drama filmi. Bosh rollarni [[Julián Soler]], [[Rosario Granados]] va [[Luis Beristáin]] ijro etgan&lt;ref&gt;Hammer p.348&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Riera p.119-20&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Rollarda==
* [[Julián Soler]] 
* [[Rosario Granados]]
* [[Luis Beristáin]]			
* [[Pepita Meliá]]
* [[Rafael Banquells]]	
* [[Roberto Banquells]]		
* [[Florencio Castelló]]	
* [[Alejandro Cobo]]	
* [[Roberto Corell]]	
* [[Rafael María de Labra (aktyor)|Rafael María de Labra]]	
* [[María Douglas]]	
* [[Haydee Gracia]]		
* [[Francisco Jambrina]]	
* [[Jorge Mondragón (aktyor)|Jorge Mondragón]]
* [[Anita Muriel]]
* [[Nicolás Rodríguez (aktyor)|Nicolás Rodríguez]]	
* [[Mercedes Soler (aktrisa)|Mercedes Soler]]	
* [[Hernán Vera]]		
* [[Carlos Villarías]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
*  Carredano, Consuelo &amp; Picún, Olga. ''Huellas y rostros: exilios y migraciones en la construcción de la memoria musical de Latinoamérica''. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2017
* Hammer, Tad Bentley . ''International film prizes: an encyclopedia''. Garland, 1991.
* Riera, Emilio García. ''Historia documental del cine mexicano: 1945''. Ediciones Era, 1969.

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0244210}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>d9q1yx9l2g7o5dfs6q9hdv2jb7n3azz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Enrédate y verás</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364238</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988822</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:22:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="561" sha1="6n24x3forqq4316rhhnf7zaeyazcre4" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Carlos Orellana]]
| producer       =
| writer         = [[Luis Alcoriza]]
| narrator       =
| starring       =
| music          = 
| cinematography = 
| editing        =
| distributor    = 
| released       = {{Film date|1948}}
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Enrédate y verás''' – 1948-yilda rejissyor [[Carlos Orellana]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] filmi. Film ssenariysi [[Luis Alcoriza]] tomonidan yozilgan.

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0251687}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>6n24x3forqq4316rhhnf7zaeyazcre4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Escándalo de estrellas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364239</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988824</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:23:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Qarang: [[Loyiha:Filmlar]] loyihasi doirasida yozilgan maqola</comment>
      <origin>5988824</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1172" sha1="hvqkuutjnb2nz49dhi4zg59e69dzcx0" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Ismael Rodríguez]] 
| producer       = [[Ramón Peón]]
| writer         = [[Ramiro Gómez Kemp]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Arturo Manrique]]&lt;br/&gt;José Peña&lt;br/&gt;Ismael Rodríguez 
| narrator       =
| starring       = [[Pedro Infante]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Blanquita Amaro]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Florencio Castelló]]
| music          = [[Manuel Esperón]] 
| distributor    = Producciones Rodríguez Hermanos
| released       = {{Film date|1944|12|1|Mexico|df=y}}
| runtime        =
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Escándalo de estrellas''' – 1944-yilda rejissyor [[Ismael Rodríguez]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] musiqiy komediya filmi. Bosh rollarni [[Pedro Infante]], [[Blanquita Amaro]] va [[Florencio Castelló]] ijro etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Quintanilla2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Quintanilla|first=José Ernesto Infante|title=Pedro Infante: el ídolo inmortal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZQbCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT155|date=2 February 2015|publisher=Editorial Oceano|language=Spanish|isbn=978-607-735-337-9|page=155}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0036801|Escándalo de estrellas}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>hvqkuutjnb2nz49dhi4zg59e69dzcx0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988837</id>
      <parentid>5988824</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:44:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ahror Akramovich</username>
        <id>75193</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988837</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1172" sha1="s4nexrkc2gvnkqpfsmhigykbruiip13" xml:space="preserve">{{Film bilgiqutisi
| director       = [[Ismael Rodríguez]] 
| producer       = [[Ramón Peón]]
| writer         = [[Ramiro Gómez Kemp]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Arturo Manrique]]&lt;br/&gt;José Peña&lt;br/&gt;Ismael Rodríguez 
| narrator       =
| starring       = [[Pedro Infante]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Blanquita Amaro]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Florencio Castelló]]
| music          = [[Manuel Esperón]] 
| distributor    = Producciones Rodríguez Hermanos
| released       = {{Film date|1944|12|1|Mexiko|df=y}}
| runtime        =
| mamlakat = {{MEX}}
| til = [[Ispan tili]]
}}
'''Escándalo de estrellas''' – 1944-yilda rejissyor [[Ismael Rodríguez]] tomonidan suratga olingan [[Meksika]] musiqiy komediya filmi. Bosh rollarni [[Pedro Infante]], [[Blanquita Amaro]] va [[Florencio Castelló]] ijro etgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Quintanilla2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Quintanilla|first=José Ernesto Infante|title=Pedro Infante: el ídolo inmortal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZQbCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT155|date=2 February 2015|publisher=Editorial Oceano|language=Spanish|isbn=978-607-735-337-9|page=155}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* {{IMDb title|0036801|Escándalo de estrellas}}

{{1940-yillar-Meksika-film-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>s4nexrkc2gvnkqpfsmhigykbruiip13</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vengriyaning tasviri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364240</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988827</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:26:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maxamadjonova Muslima</username>
        <id>241329</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Flag of Hungary.svg | width1 = 241 | alt1 =  | caption1 = [[Vengriya]] [[bayroq|bayrog'i]] | image2 = Coat of arms of Hungary.svg | width2 = 57 | alt2 =  | caption2 = [[Vengriya]] [[gerb]]i | footer =  }} [[File:LocationHungary.svg|thumb|[[Vengriya]]ning joylashuvi]] [[File:Hungarymap.gif|thumb|[[Vengriya Respublikasi]]ning kattalashtirilgan xaritasi]] '''Vengriya''' — [[Markaziy Yevropa]]ning Vengri...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988827</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1369" sha1="4rp4q8b33y44gf8m60kx2gacg3vtu77" xml:space="preserve">{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Flag of Hungary.svg
| width1 = 241
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = [[Vengriya]] [[bayroq|bayrog'i]]
| image2 = Coat of arms of Hungary.svg
| width2 = 57
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = [[Vengriya]] [[gerb]]i
| footer = 
}}
[[File:LocationHungary.svg|thumb|[[Vengriya]]ning joylashuvi]]
[[File:Hungarymap.gif|thumb|[[Vengriya Respublikasi]]ning kattalashtirilgan xaritasi]]
'''Vengriya''' — [[Markaziy Yevropa]]ning [[Vengriya tekisligi]]da joylashgan, [[Avstriya]], [[Slovakiya]], [[Ukraina]], [[Ruminiya]], [[Serbiya]], [[Xorvatiya]], [[Sloveniya]] bilan chegaradosh boʻlgan va [[Dengizga chiqa olmaydigan mamlakatlar|dengizga toʻgridan-toʻgri chiqish imkoni boʻlmagan]] [[Suverenitet|suveren]] davlat&lt;ref name=CIA_World_Factbook&gt;{{cite web|date=July 2, 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hungary/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110102835/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hungary|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 10, 2021|title=Hungary|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=July 23, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Poytaxti [[Budapest]] shahri. [[Iqtisodiy hamkorlik va taraqqiyot tashkiloti]], [[NATO]], [[Yevropa Ittifoqi]] va [[Shengen]] davlati aʼzosi. Rasmiy tili — [[Venger tili|Venger]].

== Manbalar ==
[[Turkum:Vengriya]]</text>
      <sha1>4rp4q8b33y44gf8m60kx2gacg3vtu77</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uddaburon yigitlar 2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364241</id>
    <redirect title="Bad Boys II" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988840</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-11T19:47:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5988840</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="02j4gywc3pfnlm46makhpgirulnyaz7" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Bad Boys II]]</text>
      <sha1>02j4gywc3pfnlm46makhpgirulnyaz7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maksat Çaryýew</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364242</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988856</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T02:30:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi  | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1978|10|13}}  | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Mari viloyati}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]  | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}  | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]  | kasbi                = [[iqtisodchi]], [[diplomat]] }}  '''Maksat Esenowiç Çaryýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Maqsat Esenovich Choriyev}}; [[1978|1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr]], Mari viloy...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6638" sha1="gmsqc11ea93tipjqcpcj8kaxfju44yk" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1978|10|13}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Mari viloyati}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[iqtisodchi]], [[diplomat]]
}}

'''Maksat Esenowiç Çaryýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Maqsat Esenovich Choriyev}}; [[1978|1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr]], [[Mari viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] f&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Elchi|avqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла ЧАРЫЕВУ М.Э.»|website=|publisher=|date=2022-07-07|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235244/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Maksat Çaryýew [[1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr|13-oktyabrda]] [[Mari viloyati|Mari viloyatida]] tugʻilgan. 2002-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro biznes va menejment fakultetini tamomlagan. 2002—2003-yillarda [[Mahtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro iqtisodiyot fakulteti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]], 2003—2005-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Olmoniya (Germaniya)|Germaniyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2005—2013-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2013—2019-yillarda Turkmaniston Taʼlim vazirligining Iqtisodiy tahlil va moliyalashtirish boʻlimi katta [[Iqtisodchi|iqtisodchisi]], 2019—2022 yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi]] xalqaro iqtisodiy hamkorlik boʻlimi boshligʻi boʻlib ishlagan, 2022-yil 7-iyuldan Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА от 7 июля 2022|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-07-12|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235245/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 13-oktyabrda [[Fransiya prezidenti]] [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuel Macronga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты Президенту Франции|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2022-10-17|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181520/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 23-sentyabrdan Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari boʻyicha tashkilotida]] doimiy vakili lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|title=Постановление Президента Туркменистана от 23 сентября 2022 года|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-09-24|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235248/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2023-yil 2-fevraldan Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана О Чарыеве М.Э.|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2023-02-03|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235247/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 7-sentyabrda [[Portugaliya prezidenti]] [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|Marcelo Rebelo de Sousaga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|title=В Португалии аккредитован посол Туркменистана|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2023-09-08|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925133147/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Maksat Çaryýew „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 11-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkmanistonning „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“ esdalik nishoni (2024-yil 10-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;[https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna Постановление Президента Туркменистана о награждении памятными знаками Туркменистана «Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna»]&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
      <sha1>gmsqc11ea93tipjqcpcj8kaxfju44yk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988857</id>
      <parentid>5988856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T02:30:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5988857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6563" sha1="277f38of88fo9okejs5b9q6uhkl0597" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1978|10|13}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Mari viloyati}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[iqtisodchi]], [[diplomat]]
}}
'''Maksat Esenowiç Çaryýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Maqsat Esenovich Choriyev}}; [[1978|1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr]], [[Mari viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] f&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Elchi|avqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла ЧАРЫЕВУ М.Э.»|website=|publisher=|date=2022-07-07|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235244/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Maksat Çaryýew [[1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr|13-oktyabrda]] [[Mari viloyati|Mari viloyatida]] tugʻilgan. 2002-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro biznes va menejment fakultetini tamomlagan. 2002—2003-yillarda [[Mahtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro iqtisodiyot fakulteti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]], 2003—2005-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Olmoniya (Germaniya)|Germaniyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2005—2013-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2013—2019-yillarda Turkmaniston Taʼlim vazirligining Iqtisodiy tahlil va moliyalashtirish boʻlimi katta [[Iqtisodchi|iqtisodchisi]], 2019—2022 yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi]] xalqaro iqtisodiy hamkorlik boʻlimi boshligʻi boʻlib ishlagan, 2022-yil 7-iyuldan Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА от 7 июля 2022|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-07-12|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235245/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 13-oktyabrda [[Fransiya prezidenti]] [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuel Macronga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты Президенту Франции|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2022-10-17|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181520/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 23-sentyabrdan Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari boʻyicha tashkilotida]] doimiy vakili lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|title=Постановление Президента Туркменистана от 23 сентября 2022 года|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-09-24|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235248/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2023-yil 2-fevraldan Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана О Чарыеве М.Э.|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2023-02-03|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235247/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 7-sentyabrda [[Portugaliya prezidenti]] [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|Marcelo Rebelo de Sousaga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|title=В Португалии аккредитован посол Туркменистана|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2023-09-08|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925133147/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Maksat Çaryýew „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 11-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkmanistonning „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“ esdalik nishoni (2024-yil 10-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;[https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna Postanovlenie Prezidenta Turkmenistana o nagrajdenii pamyatnimi znakami Turkmenistana „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“]&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988859</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T02:32:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6601" sha1="ge97meb2dnpx040svrak74qxdgygwe8" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1978|10|13}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Mari viloyati}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[iqtisodchi]], [[diplomat]]
}}
'''Maksat Esenowiç Çaryýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Maqsat Esenovich Choriyev}}; [[1978|1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr]], [[Mari viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] f&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Elchi|avqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла ЧАРЫЕВУ М.Э.»|website=|publisher=|date=2022-07-07|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235244/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Maksat Çaryýew [[1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr|13-oktyabrda]] [[Mari viloyati|Mari viloyatida]] tugʻilgan. 2002-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro biznes va menejment fakultetini tamomlagan. 2002—2003-yillarda [[Mahtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro iqtisodiyot fakulteti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]], 2003—2005-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Olmoniya (Germaniya)|Germaniyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2005—2013-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2013—2019-yillarda Turkmaniston Taʼlim vazirligining Iqtisodiy tahlil va moliyalashtirish boʻlimi katta [[Iqtisodchi|iqtisodchisi]], 2019—2022 yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi]] xalqaro iqtisodiy hamkorlik boʻlimi boshligʻi boʻlib ishlagan, 2022-yil 7-iyuldan Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА от 7 июля 2022|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-07-12|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235245/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 13-oktyabrda [[Fransiya prezidenti]] [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuel Macronga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты Президенту Франции|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2022-10-17|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181520/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 23-sentyabrdan Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari boʻyicha tashkilotida]] doimiy vakili lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|title=Постановление Президента Туркменистана от 23 сентября 2022 года|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-09-24|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235248/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2023-yil 2-fevraldan Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана О Чарыеве М.Э.|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2023-02-03|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235247/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 7-sentyabrda [[Portugaliya prezidenti]] [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|Marcelo Rebelo de Sousaga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|title=В Португалии аккредитован посол Туркменистана|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2023-09-08|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925133147/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Maksat Çaryýew „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 11-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkmanistonning „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“ esdalik nishoni (2024-yil 10-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;[https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna Postanovlenie Prezidenta Turkmenistana o nagrajdenii pamyatnimi znakami Turkmenistana „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“]&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6660" sha1="50rvc0c6zbhe60hsjxem3yvg1epu6cn" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1978|10|13}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Mari viloyati}}, [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[iqtisodchi]], [[diplomat]]
}}
'''Maksat Esenowiç Çaryýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Maqsat Esenovich Choriyev}}; [[1978|1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr]], [[Mari viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[Diplomat|diplomati]]. [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] f&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Elchi|avqulodda va muxtor elchisi]] (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;Указ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана «О присвоении дипломатического ранга Чрезвычайного и Полномочного Посла ЧАРЫЕВУ М.Э.»|website=|publisher=|date=2022-07-07|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235244/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2454|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Maksat Çaryýew [[1978-yil]] [[13-oktyabr|13-oktyabrda]] [[Mari viloyati|Mari viloyatida]] tugʻilgan. 2002-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro biznes va menejment fakultetini tamomlagan. 2002—2003-yillarda [[Mahtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti|Maxtumquli nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] xalqaro iqtisodiyot fakulteti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]], 2003—2005-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Olmoniya (Germaniya)|Germaniyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2005—2013-yillarda Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] elchixonasining birinchi kotibi, 2013—2019-yillarda Turkmaniston Taʼlim vazirligining Iqtisodiy tahlil va moliyalashtirish boʻlimi katta [[Iqtisodchi|iqtisodchisi]], 2019—2022 yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi]] xalqaro iqtisodiy hamkorlik boʻlimi boshligʻi boʻlib ishlagan, 2022-yil 7-iyuldan Turkmanistonning [[Fransiya|Fransiyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА от 7 июля 2022|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-07-12|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235245/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/650|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 13-oktyabrda [[Fransiya prezidenti]] [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuel Macronga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|title=Посол Туркменистана вручил верительные грамоты Президенту Франции|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2022-10-17|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126181520/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/53021/posol-turkmenistana-vruchil-veritelnye-gramoty-prezidentu-francii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2022-yil 23-sentyabrdan Turkmanistonning [[UNESCO|Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Taʼlim, fan va madaniyat masalalari boʻyicha tashkilotida]] doimiy vakili lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|title=Постановление Президента Туркменистана от 23 сентября 2022 года|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2022-09-24|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235248/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/671|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, 2023-yil 2-fevraldan Turkmanistonning [[Portugaliya|Portugaliyadagi]] favqulodda va muxtor elchisi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|title=Указ Президента Туркменистана О Чарыеве М.Э.|website=|publisher=Министерство иностранных дел Туркменистана|date=2023-02-03|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235247/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/ru/articles/757|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2023-yil 7-sentyabrda [[Portugaliya prezidenti]] [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa|Marcelo Rebelo de Sousaga]] oʻz [[Ishonch yorligʻi|ishonch yorliqlarini]] topshiradi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|title=В Португалии аккредитован посол Туркменистана|website=Turkmenportal|publisher=|date=2023-09-08|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925133147/https://turkmenportal.com/blog/66811/v-portugalii-akkreditovan-posol-turkmenistana|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Maksat Çaryýew „Turkmaniston betarafligining 25 yilligi“ medali (2020-yil 11-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Bitaraplygynyň 25 ýyllygyna»|website=|accessdate=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121201936/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2093|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, „Turkmaniston mustaqilligining 30 yilligi“ medali (2021-yil 25-sentyabr)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|title=УКАЗ Президента Туркменистана О награждении юбилейной медалью Туркменистана «Türkmenistanyň Garaşsyzlygynyň 30 ýyllygyna»|website=|publisher=|date=2021-09-25|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125212913/https://www.parahat.info/edict/2340|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Turkmanistonning „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“ esdalik nishoni (2024-yil 10-dekabr)&lt;ref&gt;[https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/90437/postanovlenie-prezidenta-turkmenistana-o-nagrazhdenii-pamyatnymi-znakami-turkmenistana-magtymguly-pyragynyn-300-yyllygyna Postanovlenie Prezidenta Turkmenistana o nagrajdenii pamyatnimi znakami Turkmenistana „Magtymguly Pyragynyň 300 ýyllygyna“]&lt;/ref&gt; bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmaniston diplomatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Maksat Çaryýew</title>
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        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="23" sha1="bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Sokhibjоnov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988861</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T02:55:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Сохибжонов Сардор</username>
        <id>253263</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„[[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sardor Sohibjonov „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]  == Men haqimda == '''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.  == Ilmiy faoliyati == * Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi. * MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.  =...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="541" sha1="n9s9dawh9ddhs8j9w2jqoi0vu7xbknn" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayl:Sardor_Sokhibjonov_Award_2025.webp|thumb|right|280px|Sardor Sohibjonov „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlanish marosimida.]]

== Men haqimda ==
'''Sokhibjonov Sardor Doniyor o‘g‘li''' — o‘zbekistonlik iqtidorli talaba-tadqiqotchi va ixtirochi. Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti talabasi.

== Ilmiy faoliyati ==
* Sanocardio tibbiy loyihasi muallifi.
* MDH miqyosidagi „Yuksak ehtirom“ koʻkrak nishoni sohibi.

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sardor-sokhibjonov LinkedIn profili]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Halykberdy Ataýew</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi  | tavallud_sanasi      = [[1942-yil]]  | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Qipchoq qishlogʻi}}, [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]  | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}  | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]  | kasbi                = [[yurist]] }}  '''Halykberdy Ataýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Xoliqberdi Atayev}}; [[1942-yil]], [[Qipchoq qishlogʻi,]] [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4049" sha1="3npxa95kzqs7r76hbdyebr2wrjs92nw" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = [[1942-yil]]
 | tavallud_joyi        = {{Tavallud joyi|Qipchoq qishlogʻi}}, [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[yurist]]
}}

'''Halykberdy Ataýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Xoliqberdi Atayev}}; [[1942-yil]], [[Qipchoq qishlogʻi,]] [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[davlat arbobi]]. Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri (1992—1995). [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasini]] ishlab chiqqan shaxslardan biri. [[Sud|Sudning]] mamlakat Adliya vazirligidan mustaqil boʻlish tarafdori&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|title=Х. Атаев: «У Туркменистана должны быть особые отношения с Россией»|author=|website=Интерфакс-Религия|date=1992-08-10|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|arxivurl=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|arxivsana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Halykberdy Ataýew 1942-yilda Ashxobod etrapidagi Qipchoq qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. 1963-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] huquqshunoslik fakultetini tamomlab, [[yurist]] mutaxassisligini olgan. Universitetni tamomlagach, 1963—1968-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi sud organlari boshqarmasining taftishchisi, soʻngra shikoyatlar boʻlimining katta maslahatchisi lavozimida ishlagan. 1968—1970-yillarda [[Bolqonobod|Nebitdogʻ]] shahar [[Sudya|xalq sudyasi]], 1970—1972-yillarda Tejen etrapi xalq sudining katta xalq sudyasi boʻlgan. 1972—1974-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi aʼzosi. Undan keyin esa oʻn besh yil davomida (1974—1988) [[Krasnovodsk viloyati]] sudining raisi boʻlgan. 1988—1989-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Adliya vazirining oʻrinbosari, 1989—1991-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR adliya vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1991-yildan 1992-yil 4-avgustgacha Turkmaniston Oliy sudi raisi boʻlgan. 1992-yil 4avgustdan 1995-yil 6-yanvargacha [[Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirligi|Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri]], 1995-yil 6-yanvardan 1997-yil 4-fevralgacha Turkmaniston ijtimoiy taʼminot vaziri lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271258_189|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1996|том=|страниц=|страницы=1272|isbn=978-1-349-39717-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271265_177|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1997|том=|страниц=|страницы=1269|isbn=978-1-349-39858-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1997-yil 4-fevralda faoliyatida yoʻl qoʻygan jiddiy kamchiliklari uchun ishdan boʻshatilgan. Yetti farzandning otasi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida Ataýewdan oldin ishlagan [[Awdy Kulyýew|Awdy Kulyýewning]] soʻzlariga koʻra, Ataýew prezident [[Saparmurod Niyozov|Saparmurod Niyozovning]] uzoq qarindoshi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|title=Туркменская элита — взгляд изнутри|author=[[Awdy Kulyýew|Авды Кулиев]]|website=Информационно-аналитический центр «Евразия»|date=2001-03-20|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115181742/http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Halykberdy Ataýew „Vatanga muhabbat uchun“ medali (1996) bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:1942-yilda tugʻilganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[yurist]]
}}

'''Halykberdy Ataýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Xoliqberdi Atayev}}; [[1942-yil]], [[Qipchoq qishlogʻi,]] [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[davlat arbobi]]. Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri (1992—1995). [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasini]] ishlab chiqqan shaxslardan biri. [[Sud|Sudning]] mamlakat Adliya vazirligidan mustaqil boʻlish tarafdori&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|title=Х. Атаев: «У Туркменистана должны быть особые отношения с Россией»|author=|website=Интерфакс-Религия|date=1992-08-10|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|arxivurl=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|arxivsana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Halykberdy Ataýew 1942-yilda Ashxobod etrapidagi Qipchoq qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. 1963-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] huquqshunoslik fakultetini tamomlab, [[yurist]] mutaxassisligini olgan. Universitetni tamomlagach, 1963—1968-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi sud organlari boshqarmasining taftishchisi, soʻngra shikoyatlar boʻlimining katta maslahatchisi lavozimida ishlagan. 1968—1970-yillarda [[Bolqonobod|Nebitdogʻ]] shahar [[Sudya|xalq sudyasi]], 1970—1972-yillarda Tejen etrapi xalq sudining katta xalq sudyasi boʻlgan. 1972—1974-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi aʼzosi. Undan keyin esa oʻn besh yil davomida (1974—1988) [[Krasnovodsk viloyati]] sudining raisi boʻlgan. 1988—1989-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Adliya vazirining oʻrinbosari, 1989—1991-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR adliya vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1991-yildan 1992-yil 4-avgustgacha Turkmaniston Oliy sudi raisi boʻlgan. 1992-yil 4avgustdan 1995-yil 6-yanvargacha [[Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirligi|Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri]], 1995-yil 6-yanvardan 1997-yil 4-fevralgacha Turkmaniston ijtimoiy taʼminot vaziri lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271258_189|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1996|том=|страниц=|страницы=1272|isbn=978-1-349-39717-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271265_177|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1997|том=|страниц=|страницы=1269|isbn=978-1-349-39858-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1997-yil 4-fevralda faoliyatida yoʻl qoʻygan jiddiy kamchiliklari uchun ishdan boʻshatilgan. Yetti farzandning otasi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida Ataýewdan oldin ishlagan [[Awdy Kulyýew|Awdy Kulyýewning]] soʻzlariga koʻra, Ataýew prezident [[Saparmurod Niyozov|Saparmurod Niyozovning]] uzoq qarindoshi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|title=Туркменская элита — взгляд изнутри|author=[[Awdy Kulyýew|Авды Кулиев]]|website=Информационно-аналитический центр «Евразия»|date=2001-03-20|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115181742/http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Halykberdy Ataýew „Vatanga muhabbat uchun“ medali (1996) bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1942-yilda tugʻilganlar]]</text>
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 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[yurist]]
}}

'''Halykberdy Ataýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Xoliqberdi Atayev}}; [[1942-yil]], [[Qipchoq qishlogʻi,]] [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[davlat arbobi]]. Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri (1992—1995). [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasini]] ishlab chiqqan shaxslardan biri. [[Sud|Sudning]] mamlakat Adliya vazirligidan mustaqil boʻlish tarafdori&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|title=Х. Атаев: «У Туркменистана должны быть особые отношения с Россией»|author=|website=Интерфакс-Религия|date=1992-08-10|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|arxivurl=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|arxivsana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Halykberdy Ataýew 1942-yilda Ashxobod etrapidagi Qipchoq qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. 1963-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] huquqshunoslik fakultetini tamomlab, [[yurist]] mutaxassisligini olgan. Universitetni tamomlagach, 1963—1968-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi sud organlari boshqarmasining taftishchisi, soʻngra shikoyatlar boʻlimining katta maslahatchisi lavozimida ishlagan. 1968—1970-yillarda [[Bolqonobod|Nebitdogʻ]] shahar [[Sudya|xalq sudyasi]], 1970—1972-yillarda Tejen etrapi xalq sudining katta xalq sudyasi boʻlgan. 1972—1974-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi aʼzosi. Undan keyin esa oʻn besh yil davomida (1974—1988) [[Krasnovodsk viloyati]] sudining raisi boʻlgan. 1988—1989-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Adliya vazirining oʻrinbosari, 1989—1991-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR adliya vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1991-yildan 1992-yil 4-avgustgacha Turkmaniston Oliy sudi raisi boʻlgan. 1992-yil 4avgustdan 1995-yil 6-yanvargacha [[Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirligi|Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri]], 1995-yil 6-yanvardan 1997-yil 4-fevralgacha Turkmaniston ijtimoiy taʼminot vaziri lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271258_189|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1996|том=|страниц=|страницы=1272|isbn=978-1-349-39717-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271265_177|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1997|том=|страниц=|страницы=1269|isbn=978-1-349-39858-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1997-yil 4-fevralda faoliyatida yoʻl qoʻygan jiddiy kamchiliklari uchun ishdan boʻshatilgan. Yetti farzandning otasi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida Ataýewdan oldin ishlagan [[Awdy Kulyýew|Awdy Kulyýewning]] soʻzlariga koʻra, Ataýew prezident [[Saparmurod Niyozov|Saparmurod Niyozovning]] uzoq qarindoshi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|title=Туркменская элита — взгляд изнутри|author=[[Awdy Kulyýew|Авды Кулиев]]|website=Информационно-аналитический центр «Евразия»|date=2001-03-20|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115181742/http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Halykberdy Ataýew „Vatanga muhabbat uchun“ medali (1996) bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1942-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]</text>
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        <id>72834</id>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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 | fuqaroligi           = {{TKM}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston universiteti]]
 | kasbi                = [[yurist]]
}}

'''Halykberdy Ataýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Xoliqberdi Atayev}}; [[1942-yil]], [[Qipchoq qishlogʻi,]] [[Ashxobod etrapi]], [[Ashxobod viloyati]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — turkman [[davlat arbobi]]. Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri (1992—1995). [[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasini]] ishlab chiqqan shaxslardan biri. [[Sud|Sudning]] mamlakat Adliya vazirligidan mustaqil boʻlish tarafdori&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|title=Х. Атаев: «У Туркменистана должны быть особые отношения с Россией»|author=|website=Интерфакс-Религия|date=1992-08-10|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|arxivurl=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/kaz/?act=archive&amp;div=8235|arxivsana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Halykberdy Ataýew 1942-yilda Ashxobod etrapidagi Qipchoq qishlogʻida tugʻilgan. 1963-yilda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|Turkmaniston davlat universitetining]] huquqshunoslik fakultetini tamomlab, [[yurist]] mutaxassisligini olgan. Universitetni tamomlagach, 1963—1968-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi sud organlari boshqarmasining taftishchisi, soʻngra shikoyatlar boʻlimining katta maslahatchisi lavozimida ishlagan. 1968—1970-yillarda [[Bolqonobod|Nebitdogʻ]] shahar [[Sudya|xalq sudyasi]], 1970—1972-yillarda Tejen etrapi xalq sudining katta xalq sudyasi boʻlgan. 1972—1974-yillarda [[Turkmaniston SSR]] Oliy sudi aʼzosi. Undan keyin esa oʻn besh yil davomida (1974—1988) [[Krasnovodsk viloyati]] sudining raisi boʻlgan. 1988—1989-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Adliya vazirining oʻrinbosari, 1989—1991-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR adliya vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1991-yildan 1992-yil 4-avgustgacha Turkmaniston Oliy sudi raisi boʻlgan. 1992-yil 4avgustdan 1995-yil 6-yanvargacha [[Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirligi|Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vaziri]], 1995-yil 6-yanvardan 1997-yil 4-fevralgacha Turkmaniston ijtimoiy taʼminot vaziri lavozimida ishlagan&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271258_189|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1996|том=|страниц=|страницы=1272|isbn=978-1-349-39717-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{книга|автор=|заглавие=The Statesman’s Year-Book.|язык=en|ответственный=Hunter B|ссылка=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230271265_177|место=London|издательство=Palgrave Macmillan|год=1997|том=|страниц=|страницы=1269|isbn=978-1-349-39858-4|ref=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1997-yil 4-fevralda faoliyatida yoʻl qoʻygan jiddiy kamchiliklari uchun ishdan boʻshatilgan. Yetti farzandning otasi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida Ataýewdan oldin ishlagan [[Awdy Kulyýew|Awdy Kulyýewning]] soʻzlariga koʻra, Ataýew prezident [[Saparmurod Niyozov|Saparmurod Niyozovning]] uzoq qarindoshi boʻlgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|lang=|url=http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|title=Туркменская элита — взгляд изнутри|author=[[Awdy Kulyýew|Авды Кулиев]]|website=Информационно-аналитический центр «Евразия»|date=2001-03-20|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115181742/http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/a/a063.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari ==
Halykberdy Ataýew „Vatanga muhabbat uchun“ medali (1996) bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:1942-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston davlat universiteti bitiruvchilari]]</text>
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        <id>72834</id>
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      <comment>„{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi | logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg | Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi =  | Tashkil qilingan vaqti =  | Joylashgan joyi =  | Tashkilot rasmiy sayti =  | nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}} | name =  | tasvir =  | abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV | turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi | formation = 1991 | headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy | lead...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="4488" sha1="4e14v7d1j1100fi7kkwwm24v6imqghu" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.894596632507536|N|58.31357917116393|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation =
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda Turkmaniston poytaxtining [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
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      <text bytes="4488" sha1="nzjqo2vyxesjbbst2kjikgequciytbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.89522315640029|N|58.31366500185247|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation = 
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda Turkmaniston poytaxtining [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
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        <id>72834</id>
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      <origin>5988890</origin>
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      <text bytes="4472" sha1="fld58qjhmppcvswjyo2ejp2zq3v9qxk" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.894664|N|58.313641|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation = 
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda Turkmaniston poytaxtining [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
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        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmanistonning tashqi siyosati]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988891</origin>
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      <text bytes="4517" sha1="j1mobrhmv26k3c4refw5yg03crl1mh4" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.894664|N|58.313641|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation = 
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda Turkmaniston poytaxtining [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonning tashqi siyosati]]</text>
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      <parentid>5988891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T05:37:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Tashqi ishlar vazirliklari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4555" sha1="q876p31e33jfkqgmcsodt1ysud8xoar" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.894664|N|58.313641|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation = 
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda Turkmaniston poytaxtining [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonning tashqi siyosati]]
[[Turkum:Tashqi ishlar vazirliklari]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988893</id>
      <parentid>5988892</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirliklari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4592" sha1="06k4mm3z9eyrdrbomuxciqt60iw40rr" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.894664|N|58.313641|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation = 
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda Turkmaniston poytaxtining [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonning tashqi siyosati]]
[[Turkum:Tashqi ishlar vazirliklari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirliklari]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>5988893</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T05:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Vazirlik binosi */</comment>
      <origin>5988894</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4605" sha1="nyreqz6929xltxc7kinr0guvpk99j3m" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
| logo = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
| Tashkilotning to‘liq nomi = 
| Tashkil qilingan vaqti = 
| Joylashgan joyi = 
| Tashkilot rasmiy sayti = 
| nomi = Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi {{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}
| name = 
| tasvir = 
| abbreviataion = Turkmaniston TIV
| turi = Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi
| formation = 1991
| headquarters = [[Ashxobod]], Archabil prospekti, 108-uy
| leader_title = [[Vazir]]
| leader_name = [[Rashid Meredov]]
| num_staff = 
| website = [http://www.mfa.gov.tm/ mfa.gov.tm]
| xaritada = {{Infobox mapframe |shape=none |coord={{Coord|37.894664|N|58.313641|E}}|length_km=0.5|marker-colour=#5E75F2 |background color=red|geomask-stroke-color=#F5EeF2|zoom=20}}
| abbreviation = 
}}
'''Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi''' ({{Lang-tk|Türkmenistanyň Daşary Işler Ministirligi}}) — [[Turkmaniston]] tashqi siyosiy idorasi, Turkmanistonning [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosiy aloqalari]] sohasida davlat boshqaruvini amalga oshiruvchi [[Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat|ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.mfa.gov.tm/index.php?q=dimt Ministerstvo inostrannix del Turkmenistana]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlik haqida ==
[[Turkmaniston Konstitutsiyasi|Turkmaniston qonunchiligiga]] muvofiq vazirlik [[Turkmaniston prezidenti|Turkmaniston prezidentiga]] boʻysunadi. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi birinchi marta [[1991|1991-yilda]] mustaqil Turkmaniston tashkil topgan yili tashkil etilgan. Vazirlikning asosiy vazifasi [[Tashqi siyosat|tashqi siyosatning]] umumiy strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, prezidentga tegishli takliflarni taqdim etish va davlatning tashqi siyosiy yoʻnalishini amalga oshirishdan iborat&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Vazirlik tuzilmasi ===
Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi oʻz faoliyatini [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalar]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalari orqali amalga oshiradi. Vazirlik tuzilmasi 17 ta boʻlinma, yaʼni 15 ta boʻlim, 1 ta boshqarma va „Turkmaniston tashqi siyosati va diplomatiyasi“ ({{Lang-tk|„Türkmenistanyň daşary syýasaty we diplomatiýasy“}}) jurnali tahririyatidan iborat. Turkmaniston TIV markaziy apparati tarkibiy boʻlinmalarining vazifalari, funksiyalari va faoliyat tartibi tegishli nizomlar bilan belgilangan. Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligi markaziy apparati, shuningdek, Turkmanistonning xorijdagi [[Diplomatik vakolatxona|diplomatik vakolatxonalari]] va [[konsullik]] muassasalarining tuzilmasi hamda xodimlari soni davlat prezidenti tomonidan tasdiqlanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== Tashqi ishlar vaziri ===
2001-yildan beri vazirlikni [[Rashid Meredov]] boshqarib kelmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|title=Министр иностранных дел Туркмении|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011221116/http://lenta.ru/lib/14175587/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Vazirlik binosi ===
[[2011-yil]] [[1-aprel|1-aprelda]] [[Ashxobod|Ashxobodda]] vazirlikning yangi binosi foydalanishga topshirildi. Vazirlik binosi oʻziga xos arxitekturaga ega boʻlib, Tashqi ishlar vazirligining 14 qavatli binosi ulkan „&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[globus]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;“ bilan bezatilgan, unda matbuot anjumanlari uchun zallar, jami 118 ta ishchi xonalari va muzokaralar zallari, faollar zali, konferensiyalar zali, xalqaro konferensiyalar oʻtkazish uchun zallar mavjud. 111-qavatda [[Ashxobod|Turkmaniston poytaxtining]] [[Panorama|panoramali]] koʻrinishiga ega tomosha ayvoni mavjud. Bino Ashxoboddagi [[Archabil shossesi|Archabil prospektida]] qurilgan boʻlib, bu yerda Turkmanistonning boshqa vazirlik va idoralari ofislari ham joylashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|title=МИД Туркменистана переехал по новому адресу|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405191721/http://www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35836.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Vazirlikka boʻysunuvchi tashkilotlar ==
Shuningdek, Xalqaro munosabatlar instituti Turkmaniston Tashqi ishlar vazirligiga boʻysunuvchi oliy taʼlim muassasi hisoblanadi&lt;ref&gt;[http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28 Institut mejdunarodnix otnosheniy] {{Wayback|url=http://mfa.gov.tm/ru/2013-05-01-13-34-46/2013-05-17-15-02-18/58-2013-05-17-15-23-28|date=20131220074145}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonning tashqi siyosati]]
[[Turkum:Tashqi ishlar vazirliklari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston vazirliklari]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988895</origin>
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      <text bytes="23" sha1="bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tagan Berdiýew</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364249</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988897</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:49:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi  | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}  | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallaud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]  | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}  | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]  | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988897</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5846" sha1="bgv66j7ue0dp3t0930imnflh70vguis" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallaud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}

'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
      <sha1>bgv66j7ue0dp3t0930imnflh70vguis</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988898</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:50:19Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <origin>5988898</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5846" sha1="j1vkqqvnmybai6cdpxp0bfgjqyp437w" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
      <sha1>j1vkqqvnmybai6cdpxp0bfgjqyp437w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988899</id>
      <parentid>5988898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:50:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988899</origin>
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      <text bytes="5888" sha1="9l7um7sqk1v2c3ofsnbf1r87vbly7f2" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988900</id>
      <parentid>5988899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:52:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988900</origin>
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      <text bytes="5955" sha1="i7lunoknqmt9c62c8k54hiqbivrhfs9" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988901</id>
      <parentid>5988900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:53:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 3-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6022" sha1="h5pkgvxp5gsnmtz5lloyhlvjbxtq31u" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 3-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>h5pkgvxp5gsnmtz5lloyhlvjbxtq31u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988902</id>
      <parentid>5988901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:53:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 4-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6089" sha1="dq47uj9qb9p2g95wb4ncbvifrdox1wt" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 3-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 4-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988903</id>
      <parentid>5988902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:53:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6156" sha1="cnf50h3y4oeuz4h1gwuqhehoeb3bovr" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 3-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 4-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>cnf50h3y4oeuz4h1gwuqhehoeb3bovr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988904</id>
      <parentid>5988903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:53:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988904</origin>
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      <text bytes="6204" sha1="ppc3n08yiijt08vkx4n15eaj54ng4ud" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 3-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 4-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]</text>
      <sha1>ppc3n08yiijt08vkx4n15eaj54ng4ud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988905</id>
      <parentid>5988904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:53:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmanistonlik siyosatchilar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6245" sha1="bwvmq83ilc78yqdc6jxdbayauntuwna" xml:space="preserve">{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
 | tavallud_sanasi      = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1911|06|15}}
 | tavallud_joyi        = Dayna qishlogʻi, {{Tavallud joyi|Krasnovodsk uyezdi}}, [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]]
 | vafot_sanasi         = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1985|12|12|1911|06|15}}
 | vafot_joyi           = [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]
 | fuqaroligi           = {{Rossiya imperiyasining bayrogʻi}} {{SSSR}}
 | taʼlimi              = [[Turkmaniston davlat pedagogika instituti|Ashxobod pedagogika instituti]]
 | kasbi                = [[olim]], [[siyosatchi]]
 | partiyasi            = [[KPSS]]
 | unvoni               = [[professor]]
 | mukofotlari          = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}}
}}
'''Tagan Berdiýewiç Berdiýew''' ({{Talaffuz|Tagan Berdiyevich Berdiyev}}; [[1911-yil]] [[15-iyun]], Dayna qishlogʻi, [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]], [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Turkiston general-gubernatorligi]], [[Rossiya imperiyasi]] — [[1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr]], [[Turkmaniston SSR]], [[SSSR]]) — [[Turkmanlar|turkman]] [[Olim|olimi]] va [[Siyosiy arbob|siyosiy arbobi]], [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] [[Akademik|akademigi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |sarlavha=Бердыев Таган Бердыевич |arxivurl=http://pedagogic.ru/persons/item/f00/s00/e0000054/index.shtml |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=pedagogic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[1911|1911-yil]] 15-iyunda [[Kaspiyorti viloyati]], [[Krasnovodsk uyezdi]] (hozirgi Turkmanistonning [[Bolqon viloyati]] [[Maxtumquli etrapi]])dagi Dayna qishlogʻida kambagʻal [[Dehqonlar|dehqon]] oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |sarlavha=Таган Бердыев – Первый туркмен академик, президент Академии наук Туркменистана |arxivurl=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/58604/tagan-berdyev-pervyj-turkmen-akademik-prezident-akademii-nauk-turkmenistana |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |sana=14.11.2021 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=turkmenistan.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1940-yildan [[Butunittifoq kommunistik partiyasi|VKP (b)]] aʼzosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. 1925-yilda [[Bäherden etrapi|Bäherden etrapidagi]] sovet maktabini tamomlagan. 1925—1929-yillarda pedagogika texnikumi talabasi boʻlgan. 1929—1931-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Maxtumquli etrapi|Garrygala etrapidagi]] (hozirgi [[Maxtumquli etrapi]]) oʻrta maktabning rus va turkman tili hamda adabiyoti [[Oʻqituvchi|oʻqituvchisi]] boʻlib ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1931-yilda Dargʻonota etrapidagi bosmachilikka qarshi kurashuvchi kommunistik otryad jangchisi. 1931—1933-yillarda Ashxobod pedagogika institutida tahsil olgan. 1933—1937-yillarda [[Mari]] shahridagi pedagogika texnikumi direktorining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari, [[Ashxobod|Ashxoboddagi]] pedagogika bilim yurti pedagogika fakulteti dekanining oʻquv ishlari boʻyicha oʻrinbosari va direktori lavozimlarida ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1937—1938-yillar &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Moskva|Moskvada]] [[VKP|VKP (b)]] Markaziy qoʻmitasi qoshidagi kurslarda oʻqigan. 1938—1940-yillar Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifida boshqarma boshligʻi, Turkmaniston SSR xalq maorifi komissarining oʻrinbosari. 1940—1947-yillar Turkmaniston SSR Maorif xalq komissari, 1947—1951-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR Vazirlar Kengashi raisining oʻrinbosari, bir vaqtning oʻzida 1947—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR tashqi ishlar vaziri. 1951—1956-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasining]] [[Prezident|prezidenti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, 1956—1959-yillarda [[Turkmaniston universiteti|M. Gorkiy nomidagi Turkmaniston davlat universiteti]] pedagogika kafedrasi [[Professor|professori]], 1959—1965-yillarda &lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Ijtimoiy fanlar boʻlimining [[akademik]]-[[Kotib|kotibi]], 1965—1967-yillarda [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. 1967-yil may oyidan 1970-yil dekabrigacha sogʻligʻi tufayli [[Pensiya|pensiyada]] boʻlgan. 1970-yil dekabrdan 1973-yil oktyabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi Markaziy ilmiy kutubxonasi direktori boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1973-yil oktyabrdan [[Turkmaniston fanlar akademiyasi|Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar akademiyasi]] Falsafa va huquq boʻlimining katta ilmiy xodim-maslahatchisi. 1943-yilda [[Fan nomzodi|pedagogika fanlari nomzodi]], 1951-yilda [[Fan doktori|pedagogika fanlari doktori]] ilmiy darajasi va [[professor]] ilmiy unvonini olgan. SSSR Oliy Kengashining 2-chaqiriq [[Deputat|deputati]] etib saylangan. [[1985|1985-yil]] [[12-dekabr|12-dekabrda]] vafot etgan.

== Mukofotlari ==
Tagan Berdiýew [[Lenin ordeni]], [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1981-yil 12-iyun)&lt;ref&gt;{{статья|ссылка=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/SSRM19381954/1981/24.pdf|заглавие=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении академика Академии наук Туркменской ССР Бердыева Т. орденом Трудового Красного Знамени|год=1981|язык=|издание=Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР|тип=газета|месяц=6|число=17|номер=24|страницы=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ikki marta [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Turkmanistonda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 2-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 3-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 4-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmanistonlik siyosatchilar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Tagan Berdiýew</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
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      <id>5988906</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T06:54:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988906</origin>
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      <text bytes="23" sha1="bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Qarshi news uz</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988908</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T07:31:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Qarshi news uz</username>
        <id>253006</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{unblock | sabab = Nima sababdan sizga qoʻyilgan toʻsiq olib tashlanishi kerak? ~~~~}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988908</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="218" sha1="rs3tva83f8vvga8yd61x4se9p9zp5h4" xml:space="preserve">{{unblock | sabab = Nima sababdan sizga qoʻyilgan toʻsiq olib tashlanishi kerak? [[Foydalanuvchi:Qarshi news uz|Qarshi news uz]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Qarshi news uz|munozara]]) 07:31, 2026-yil 12-aprel (UTC)}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bolashak</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5988912</origin>
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      <text bytes="11174" sha1="8mmfhn9d1mn4lkq1drb1zpybf5vhqj0" xml:space="preserve">{{thr}}
[[File:Логотип Болашақ.svg|thumb|Bolashak dasturi logotipi]]

'''Bolashak dasturi''' ('''Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi''') — bu [[stipendiya]] bo‘lib, u [[Qozog‘iston]]dan yuqori natijalarga ega talabalar uchun xorijda barcha xarajatlar qoplangan holda o‘qish imkonini beradi, sharti shuki, ular o‘qishni tugatgandan so‘ng kamida besh yil davomida Qozog‘istonga qaytib ishlashlari kerak.&lt;ref name=Kucera&gt;{{cite news |title=Qozog‘iston yuksalmoqda, 3-qism: Nazarbayev universiteti |first=Joshua |last=Kucera |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2300317/entry/2300320/ |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1993-yilda joriy etilganidan beri 10 000 dan ortiq talaba ushbu stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Talabalarning aksariyati [[Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari]]da tahsil oladi, ammo dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlarida ham o‘qishadi.

==Tavsif==
&quot;Bolashak&quot; so‘zi ingliz tiliga &quot;Kelajak&quot; deb tarjima qilinadi. Ushbu dastur 1993-yilda Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Slate nashri muallifi Joshua Kucera yozishicha, Prezident Nazarbayev uni &quot;Qozog‘iston yoshlariga G‘arb, demokratik qadriyatlarni singdirish usuli&quot; sifatida taqdim etgan.&lt;ref name=Kucera/&gt; Biroq, Kucera maqolasida ta’kidlanishicha, ular yangi g‘oyalar va g‘arb qadriyatlarini o‘rganish uchun xorijga yuborilsalar-da, ko‘pincha ijobiy o‘zgarishlarni amalga oshirish vakolati berilmaydi.

Ko‘plab Bolashak bitiruvchilari Qozog‘iston ichidagi davlat va xususiy tashkilotlarda muhim lavozimlarni egallaydi.

Zhas Alash gazetasining 25.10.1996-sonidagi maqolaga ko‘ra, siyosiy iqtisodchi Kuanysh Satybaldievich Sazanov Bolashak stipendiyasining birinchi sohibi sifatida e’tirof etilgan. Janob Sazanov ikki yillik dasturini 18 oyda yakunlagan va ramziy tarzda birinchi Bolashak diplomini Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayevga topshirgan.

1994-yildan 2004-yilgacha 785 nafar talaba Bolashak stipendiyasiga ega bo‘lgan. 2017-yilga kelib yana 12 046 ta stipendiya berilgan va 2018-yilga borib umumiy soni 12 831 taga yetgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/kazakhstans-bolashak-programme-has-awarded-12831-scholarships-in-25-years/|title=Qozog‘istonning Bolashak dasturi 25 yil ichida 12 831 stipendiya taqdim etdi - The Astana Times|date=2018-04-27|work=The Astana Times|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2005-yilda Bolashak dasturiga ariza topshirganlar soni 6 698 nafarni tashkil etgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://international.oregonstate.edu/sites/international.oregonstate.edu/files/atosu/National-Sponsorhips-List-by-Country.pdf|title=Milliy stipendiya dasturlari-2008|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2004-yilga nisbatan bu ko‘rsatkich 45% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, bu son Qozog‘istondagi yirik universitetlarning yillik qabulidan ham oshib ketgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washcouncil.org/presentations-2013/Bolashak-Kazakhstan.pdf|title=Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Prezidentining Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2005-yilgi tanlov jarayonida 537 nafar nomzod arizasi qoidalarga mos kelmagani sababli rad etilgan. Tanlov mezonlariga mos kelgan nomzodlar til va psixologik testlardan o‘tkazilgan. Test natijalariga ko‘ra ular Ekspertlar qo‘mitasi ko‘rib chiqishiga tavsiya etilgan. Natijada 2005-yilda 1 796 nafar talabaga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

2006-yilda hujjatlar qabul qilish 26-apreldan 15-maygacha va 15-sentabrdan 31-oktabrgacha amalga oshirilgan. Birinchi bosqichda 809 ta, ikkinchi bosqichda esa 1 620 ta ariza topshirilgan. Til va psixologik testlardan so‘ng 2006-yilda 778 nafar talaba stipendiyaga sazovor bo‘lgan.

2007-yil 20-aprelda xorijda mutaxassislar tayyorlash bo‘yicha Respublika komissiyasi qaroriga ko‘ra 82 nafar nomzodga, 16-avgustda esa 185 nafar nomzodga stipendiya berilgan.

2008-yil 24-yanvarda 223 nafar nomzodga, 28-aprelda 104 nafar nomzodga, 13-avgustda esa 356 nafar nomzodga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

Umuman olganda, 2009-yilga kelib 5 950 nafar talaba stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Ularning taxminan 2 000 nafari davlat va milliy kompaniyalarda ish bilan ta’minlangan. 2009-yilda 800 nafar talaba Qozog‘istonga qaytgan.

2012-yilda Qozog‘iston yoshlari uchun 32 ta davlatdagi 630 ta yetakchi universitetlarda o‘qish imkoniyati yaratilgan.

==Etnik tarkibi==
2008-yil statistik ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, tanlovga tavsiya etilgan nomzodlarning 93,6% qozoq millatiga mansub bo‘lgan, undan keyin 3% ruslar, 0,9% koreyslar va 0,5% tatarlar bo‘lgan. Bu asosan stipendiya uchun muhim mezonlardan biri qozoq tilini bilish ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Boshqa tomondan, 2021-yilda o‘tkazilgan so‘nggi aholi ro‘yxatiga ko‘ra, mamlakat aholisi tarkibi 71% qozoq, 14,9% rus, 3,3% o‘zbek va 1,9% ukrainlardan iborat bo‘lib, aholining 80,1% qozoq tilida so‘zlashadi, asosan qozoq millati vakillari.&lt;ref&gt;CIA - Jahon faktlar kitobi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114031724/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Universitetlar ro‘yxati ==
2023-yilda barcha yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha akademik ta’lim uchun universitetlar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tima |title=Oliy o‘quv yurtlari |url=https://bolashak.gov.kz/pretendentu/vuzy |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=bolashak.gov.kz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! Nomi !! Davlat
|-
| [[Australian National University|Avstraliya Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Curtin University|Kurtin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Deakin University|Dikin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Macquarie University|Makkuori Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Monash University|Monash Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Queensland University of Technology|Kvinslend Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Adelaide|Adelaida Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Melbourne|Melburn Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Queensland|Kvinslend Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Sydney|Sidney Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Technology Sydney|Sidney Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Western Australia|G‘arbiy Avstraliya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Wollongong|Vollongong Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruk Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[University of Vienna|Vena Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[Ghent University|Gent Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[KU Leuven|Leuven Katolik Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Universite libre de Bruxelles|Bryussel Erkin Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[University of Antwerp|Antverpen Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Cardiff University|Kardiff Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Durham University|Durxem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Imperial College London|London Imperiya Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[King's College London|London Qirollik Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Lancaster University|Lankaster Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[London School of Economics and Political Science|London Iqtisodiyot va Siyosiy Fanlar Maktabi]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Newcastle University|Nyukasl Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Queen Mary University of London|London Qirolicha Meri Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University College London|London Universitet Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdin Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bath|Bat Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Birmingham|Birmingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bristol|Bristol Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Cambridge|Kembrij Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of East Anglia|Sharqiy Angliya Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburg Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Exeter|Ekseter Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Glasgow|Glazgo Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Leeds|Lids Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Liverpool|Liverpul Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Manchester|Manchester Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Nottingham|Nottingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Oxford|Oksford Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Reading|Riding Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sheffield|Sheffild Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Southampton|Sautgempton Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sussex|Sasseks Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Warwick|Uorvik Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of York|York Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Harvard University|Garvard Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Stanford University|Stenford Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusets Texnologiya Instituti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Yale University|Yel Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Princeton University|Prinston Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Chicago|Chikago Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Columbia University|Kolumbiya Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Berkeley|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Berkli]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Los Angeles|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Los-Anjeles]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Toronto|Toronto Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[McGill University|Makgill Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of British Columbia|Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of Tokyo|Tokio Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Kyoto University|Kioto Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Seoul National University|Seul Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Koreya]]
|-
| [[National University of Singapore|Singapur Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Singapur]]
|-
| [[Peking University|Pekin Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|-
| [[Tsinghua University|Tsingxua Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|}

==Manbalar==
{{reflist}}

==Havolalar==
*[http://www.edu-cip.kz Xalqaro dasturlar markazi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070912190534/http://www.bolashak.net/ Bolashak talabalar forumi]
*[http://www.uchi.kz/bolashak Bolashak talabalari tajribalari: Savol-javob, qanday qilish]
*[http://bolashak.mit.edu MIT dagi Bolashak talabalari - Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]
*[http://kazakhstan.mit.edu Bolashak talabalari Qozog‘iston haqida]

[[Category:1993-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:1993-yilda ta’sis etilgan mukofotlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi stipendiyalar]]</text>
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[[File:Логотип Болашақ.svg|thumb|Bolashak dasturi logotipi]]

'''Bolashak dasturi''' ('''Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi''') — bu [[stipendiya]] bo‘lib, u [[Qozog‘iston]]dan yuqori natijalarga ega talabalar uchun xorijda barcha xarajatlar qoplangan holda o‘qish imkonini beradi, sharti shuki, ular o‘qishni tugatgandan so‘ng kamida besh yil davomida Qozog‘istonga qaytib ishlashlari kerak&lt;ref name=Kucera&gt;{{cite news |title=Qozog‘iston yuksalmoqda, 3-qism: Nazarbayev universiteti |first=Joshua |last=Kucera |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2300317/entry/2300320/ |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1993-yilda joriy etilganidan beri 10 000 dan ortiq talaba ushbu stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Talabalarning aksariyati [[Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari]]da tahsil oladi, ammo dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlarida ham o‘qishadi.

==Tavsif==
&quot;Bolashak&quot; so‘zi ingliz tiliga &quot;Kelajak&quot; deb tarjima qilinadi. Ushbu dastur 1993-yilda Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Slate nashri muallifi Joshua Kucera yozishicha, Prezident Nazarbayev uni &quot;Qozog‘iston yoshlariga G‘arb, demokratik qadriyatlarni singdirish usuli&quot; sifatida taqdim etgan&lt;ref name=Kucera/&gt;. Biroq, Kucera maqolasida ta’kidlanishicha, ular yangi g‘oyalar va g‘arb qadriyatlarini o‘rganish uchun xorijga yuborilsalar-da, ko‘pincha ijobiy o‘zgarishlarni amalga oshirish vakolati berilmaydi.

Ko‘plab Bolashak bitiruvchilari Qozog‘iston ichidagi davlat va xususiy tashkilotlarda muhim lavozimlarni egallaydi.

Zhas Alash gazetasining 25.10.1996-sonidagi maqolaga ko‘ra, siyosiy iqtisodchi Kuanysh Satybaldievich Sazanov Bolashak stipendiyasining birinchi sohibi sifatida e’tirof etilgan. Janob Sazanov ikki yillik dasturini 18 oyda yakunlagan va ramziy tarzda birinchi Bolashak diplomini Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayevga topshirgan.

1994-yildan 2004-yilgacha 785 nafar talaba Bolashak stipendiyasiga ega bo‘lgan. 2017-yilga kelib yana 12 046 ta stipendiya berilgan va 2018-yilga borib umumiy soni 12 831 taga yetgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/kazakhstans-bolashak-programme-has-awarded-12831-scholarships-in-25-years/|title=Qozog‘istonning Bolashak dasturi 25 yil ichida 12 831 stipendiya taqdim etdi - The Astana Times|date=2018-04-27|work=The Astana Times|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilda Bolashak dasturiga ariza topshirganlar soni 6 698 nafarni tashkil etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://international.oregonstate.edu/sites/international.oregonstate.edu/files/atosu/National-Sponsorhips-List-by-Country.pdf|title=Milliy stipendiya dasturlari-2008|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2004-yilga nisbatan bu ko‘rsatkich 45% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, bu son Qozog‘istondagi yirik universitetlarning yillik qabulidan ham oshib ketgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washcouncil.org/presentations-2013/Bolashak-Kazakhstan.pdf|title=Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Prezidentining Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilgi tanlov jarayonida 537 nafar nomzod arizasi qoidalarga mos kelmagani sababli rad etilgan. Tanlov mezonlariga mos kelgan nomzodlar til va psixologik testlardan o‘tkazilgan. Test natijalariga ko‘ra ular Ekspertlar qo‘mitasi ko‘rib chiqishiga tavsiya etilgan. Natijada 2005-yilda 1 796 nafar talabaga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

2006-yilda hujjatlar qabul qilish 26-apreldan 15-maygacha va 15-sentabrdan 31-oktabrgacha amalga oshirilgan. Birinchi bosqichda 809 ta, ikkinchi bosqichda esa 1 620 ta ariza topshirilgan. Til va psixologik testlardan so‘ng 2006-yilda 778 nafar talaba stipendiyaga sazovor bo‘lgan.

2007-yil 20-aprelda xorijda mutaxassislar tayyorlash bo‘yicha Respublika komissiyasi qaroriga ko‘ra 82 nafar nomzodga, 16-avgustda esa 185 nafar nomzodga stipendiya berilgan.

2008-yil 24-yanvarda 223 nafar nomzodga, 28-aprelda 104 nafar nomzodga, 13-avgustda esa 356 nafar nomzodga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

Umuman olganda, 2009-yilga kelib 5 950 nafar talaba stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Ularning taxminan 2 000 nafari davlat va milliy kompaniyalarda ish bilan ta’minlangan. 2009-yilda 800 nafar talaba Qozog‘istonga qaytgan.

2012-yilda Qozog‘iston yoshlari uchun 32 ta davlatdagi 630 ta yetakchi universitetlarda o‘qish imkoniyati yaratilgan.

==Etnik tarkibi==
2008-yil statistik ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, tanlovga tavsiya etilgan nomzodlarning 93,6% qozoq millatiga mansub bo‘lgan, undan keyin 3% ruslar, 0,9% koreyslar va 0,5% tatarlar bo‘lgan. Bu asosan stipendiya uchun muhim mezonlardan biri qozoq tilini bilish ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Boshqa tomondan, 2021-yilda o‘tkazilgan so‘nggi aholi ro‘yxatiga ko‘ra, mamlakat aholisi tarkibi 71% qozoq, 14,9% rus, 3,3% o‘zbek va 1,9% ukrainlardan iborat bo‘lib, aholining 80,1% qozoq tilida so‘zlashadi, asosan qozoq millati vakillari&lt;ref&gt;CIA - Jahon faktlar kitobi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114031724/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/]&lt;/ref&gt;:

== Universitetlar ro‘yxati ==
2023-yilda barcha yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha akademik ta’lim uchun universitetlar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tima |title=Oliy o‘quv yurtlari |url=https://bolashak.gov.kz/pretendentu/vuzy |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=bolashak.gov.kz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! Nomi !! Davlat
|-
| [[Australian National University|Avstraliya Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Curtin University|Kurtin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Deakin University|Dikin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Macquarie University|Makkuori Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Monash University|Monash Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Queensland University of Technology|Kvinslend Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Adelaide|Adelaida Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Melbourne|Melburn Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Queensland|Kvinslend Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Sydney|Sidney Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Technology Sydney|Sidney Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Western Australia|G‘arbiy Avstraliya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Wollongong|Vollongong Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruk Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[University of Vienna|Vena Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[Ghent University|Gent Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[KU Leuven|Leuven Katolik Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Universite libre de Bruxelles|Bryussel Erkin Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[University of Antwerp|Antverpen Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Cardiff University|Kardiff Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Durham University|Durxem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Imperial College London|London Imperiya Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[King's College London|London Qirollik Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Lancaster University|Lankaster Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[London School of Economics and Political Science|London Iqtisodiyot va Siyosiy Fanlar Maktabi]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Newcastle University|Nyukasl Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Queen Mary University of London|London Qirolicha Meri Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University College London|London Universitet Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdin Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bath|Bat Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Birmingham|Birmingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bristol|Bristol Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Cambridge|Kembrij Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of East Anglia|Sharqiy Angliya Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburg Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Exeter|Ekseter Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Glasgow|Glazgo Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Leeds|Lids Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Liverpool|Liverpul Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Manchester|Manchester Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Nottingham|Nottingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Oxford|Oksford Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Reading|Riding Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sheffield|Sheffild Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Southampton|Sautgempton Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sussex|Sasseks Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Warwick|Uorvik Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of York|York Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Harvard University|Garvard Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Stanford University|Stenford Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusets Texnologiya Instituti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Yale University|Yel Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Princeton University|Prinston Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Chicago|Chikago Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Columbia University|Kolumbiya Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Berkeley|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Berkli]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Los Angeles|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Los-Anjeles]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Toronto|Toronto Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[McGill University|Makgill Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of British Columbia|Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of Tokyo|Tokio Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Kyoto University|Kioto Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Seoul National University|Seul Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Koreya]]
|-
| [[National University of Singapore|Singapur Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Singapur]]
|-
| [[Peking University|Pekin Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|-
| [[Tsinghua University|Tsingxua Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|}

==Manbalar==
{{reflist}}

==Havolalar==
*[http://www.edu-cip.kz Xalqaro dasturlar markazi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070912190534/http://www.bolashak.net/ Bolashak talabalar forumi]
*[http://www.uchi.kz/bolashak Bolashak talabalari tajribalari: Savol-javob, qanday qilish]
*[http://bolashak.mit.edu MIT dagi Bolashak talabalari - Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]
*[http://kazakhstan.mit.edu Bolashak talabalari Qozog‘iston haqida]

[[Category:1993-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:1993-yilda ta’sis etilgan mukofotlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi stipendiyalar]]</text>
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[[File:Логотип Болашақ.svg|thumb|Bolashak dasturi logotipi]]

'''Bolashak dasturi''' ('''Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi''') — bu [[stipendiya]] bo‘lib, u [[Qozog‘iston]]dan yuqori natijalarga ega talabalar uchun xorijda barcha xarajatlar qoplangan holda o‘qish imkonini beradi, sharti shuki, ular o‘qishni tugatgandan so‘ng kamida besh yil davomida Qozog‘istonga qaytib ishlashlari kerak&lt;ref name=Kucera&gt;{{cite news |title=Qozog‘iston yuksalmoqda, 3-qism: Nazarbayev universiteti |first=Joshua |last=Kucera |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2300317/entry/2300320/ |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1993-yilda joriy etilganidan beri 10 000 dan ortiq talaba ushbu stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Talabalarning aksariyati [[Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari]]da tahsil oladi, ammo dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlarida ham o‘qishadi.

==Tavsif==
&quot;Bolashak&quot; so‘zi ingliz tiliga &quot;Kelajak&quot; deb tarjima qilinadi. Ushbu dastur 1993-yilda Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Slate nashri muallifi Joshua Kucera yozishicha, Prezident Nazarbayev uni &quot;Qozog‘iston yoshlariga G‘arb, demokratik qadriyatlarni singdirish usuli&quot; sifatida taqdim etgan&lt;ref name=Kucera/&gt;. Biroq, Kucera maqolasida ta’kidlanishicha, ular yangi g‘oyalar va g‘arb qadriyatlarini o‘rganish uchun xorijga yuborilsalar-da, ko‘pincha ijobiy o‘zgarishlarni amalga oshirish vakolati berilmaydi.

Ko‘plab Bolashak bitiruvchilari Qozog‘iston ichidagi davlat va xususiy tashkilotlarda muhim lavozimlarni egallaydi.

Zhas Alash gazetasining 25.10.1996-sonidagi maqolaga ko‘ra, siyosiy iqtisodchi Kuanysh Satybaldievich Sazanov Bolashak stipendiyasining birinchi sohibi sifatida e’tirof etilgan. Janob Sazanov ikki yillik dasturini 18 oyda yakunlagan va ramziy tarzda birinchi Bolashak diplomini Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayevga topshirgan.

1994-yildan 2004-yilgacha 785 nafar talaba Bolashak stipendiyasiga ega bo‘lgan. 2017-yilga kelib yana 12 046 ta stipendiya berilgan va 2018-yilga borib umumiy soni 12 831 taga yetgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/kazakhstans-bolashak-programme-has-awarded-12831-scholarships-in-25-years/|title=Qozog‘istonning Bolashak dasturi 25 yil ichida 12 831 stipendiya taqdim etdi - The Astana Times|date=2018-04-27|work=The Astana Times|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilda Bolashak dasturiga ariza topshirganlar soni 6 698 nafarni tashkil etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://international.oregonstate.edu/sites/international.oregonstate.edu/files/atosu/National-Sponsorhips-List-by-Country.pdf|title=Milliy stipendiya dasturlari-2008|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2004-yilga nisbatan bu ko‘rsatkich 45% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, bu son Qozog‘istondagi yirik universitetlarning yillik qabulidan ham oshib ketgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washcouncil.org/presentations-2013/Bolashak-Kazakhstan.pdf|title=Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Prezidentining Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilgi tanlov jarayonida 537 nafar nomzod arizasi qoidalarga mos kelmagani sababli rad etilgan. Tanlov mezonlariga mos kelgan nomzodlar til va psixologik testlardan o‘tkazilgan. Test natijalariga ko‘ra ular Ekspertlar qo‘mitasi ko‘rib chiqishiga tavsiya etilgan. Natijada 2005-yilda 1 796 nafar talabaga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

2006-yilda hujjatlar qabul qilish 26-apreldan 15-maygacha va 15-sentabrdan 31-oktabrgacha amalga oshirilgan. Birinchi bosqichda 809 ta, ikkinchi bosqichda esa 1 620 ta ariza topshirilgan. Til va psixologik testlardan so‘ng 2006-yilda 778 nafar talaba stipendiyaga sazovor bo‘lgan.

2007-yil 20-aprelda xorijda mutaxassislar tayyorlash bo‘yicha Respublika komissiyasi qaroriga ko‘ra 82 nafar nomzodga, 16-avgustda esa 185 nafar nomzodga stipendiya berilgan.

2008-yil 24-yanvarda 223 nafar nomzodga, 28-aprelda 104 nafar nomzodga, 13-avgustda esa 356 nafar nomzodga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

Umuman olganda, 2009-yilga kelib 5 950 nafar talaba stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Ularning taxminan 2 000 nafari davlat va milliy kompaniyalarda ish bilan ta’minlangan. 2009-yilda 800 nafar talaba Qozog‘istonga qaytgan.

2012-yilda Qozog‘iston yoshlari uchun 32 ta davlatdagi 630 ta yetakchi universitetlarda o‘qish imkoniyati yaratilgan.

==Etnik tarkibi==
2008-yil statistik ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, tanlovga tavsiya etilgan nomzodlarning 93,6% qozoq millatiga mansub bo‘lgan, undan keyin 3% ruslar, 0,9% koreyslar va 0,5% tatarlar bo‘lgan. Bu asosan stipendiya uchun muhim mezonlardan biri qozoq tilini bilish ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Boshqa tomondan, 2021-yilda o‘tkazilgan so‘nggi aholi ro‘yxatiga ko‘ra, mamlakat aholisi tarkibi 71% qozoq, 14,9% rus, 3,3% o‘zbek va 1,9% ukrainlardan iborat bo‘lib, aholining 80,1% qozoq tilida so‘zlashadi, asosan qozoq millati vakillari&lt;ref&gt;CIA - Jahon faktlar kitobi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114031724/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/]&lt;/ref&gt;:

== Universitetlar ro‘yxati ==
2023-yilda barcha yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha akademik ta’lim uchun universitetlar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tima |title=Oliy o‘quv yurtlari |url=https://bolashak.gov.kz/pretendentu/vuzy |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=bolashak.gov.kz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! Nomi !! Davlat
|-
| [[Australian National University|Avstraliya Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Curtin University|Kurtin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Deakin University|Dikin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Macquarie University|Makkuori Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Monash University|Monash Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Queensland University of Technology|Kvinslend Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Adelaide|Adelaida Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Melbourne|Melburn Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Queensland|Kvinslend Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Sydney|Sidney Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Technology Sydney|Sidney Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Western Australia|G‘arbiy Avstraliya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Wollongong|Vollongong Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruk Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[University of Vienna|Vena Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[Ghent University|Gent Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[KU Leuven|Leuven Katolik Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Universite libre de Bruxelles|Bryussel Erkin Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[University of Antwerp|Antverpen Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Cardiff University|Kardiff Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Durham University|Durxem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Imperial College London|London Imperiya Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[King's College London|London Qirollik Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Lancaster University|Lankaster Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[London School of Economics and Political Science|London Iqtisodiyot va Siyosiy Fanlar Maktabi]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Newcastle University|Nyukasl Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Queen Mary University of London|London Qirolicha Meri Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University College London|London Universitet Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdin Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bath|Bat Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Birmingham|Birmingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bristol|Bristol Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Cambridge|Kembrij Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of East Anglia|Sharqiy Angliya Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburg Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Exeter|Ekseter Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Glasgow|Glazgo Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Leeds|Lids Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Liverpool|Liverpul Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Manchester|Manchester Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Nottingham|Nottingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Oxford|Oksford Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Reading|Riding Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sheffield|Sheffild Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Southampton|Sautgempton Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sussex|Sasseks Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Warwick|Uorvik Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of York|York Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Harvard University|Garvard Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Stanford University|Stenford Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusets Texnologiya Instituti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Yale University|Yel Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Princeton University|Prinston Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Chicago|Chikago Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Columbia University|Kolumbiya Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Berkeley|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Berkli]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Los Angeles|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Los-Anjeles]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Toronto|Toronto Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[McGill University|Makgill Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of British Columbia|Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of Tokyo|Tokio Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Kyoto University|Kioto Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Seoul National University|Seul Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Koreya]]
|-
| [[National University of Singapore|Singapur Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Singapur]]
|-
| [[Peking University|Pekin Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|-
| [[Tsinghua University|Tsingxua Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|}

==Manbalar==
{{reflist}}

==Havolalar==
*[http://www.edu-cip.kz Xalqaro dasturlar markazi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070912190534/http://www.bolashak.net/ Bolashak talabalar forumi]
*[http://www.uchi.kz/bolashak Bolashak talabalari tajribalari: Savol-javob, qanday qilish]
*[http://bolashak.mit.edu MIT dagi Bolashak talabalari - Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]
*[http://kazakhstan.mit.edu Bolashak talabalari Qozog‘iston haqida]

[[Category:1993-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:1993-yilda ta’sis etilgan mukofotlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi stipendiyalar]]
[[Turkum:Grantlar]]</text>
      <sha1>9yfiaz7mv9d24rzhnfods1rj0o0gwt6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988915</id>
      <parentid>5988914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:16:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988915</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11227" sha1="41jjkfadd3t1bdkz7hmeqi3zfn5e7fs" xml:space="preserve">{{thr}}
[[File:Логотип Болашақ.svg|thumb|Bolashak dasturi logotipi]]

'''Bolashak dasturi''' ('''Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi''') — bu [[stipendiya]] bo‘lib, u [[Qozog‘iston]]dan yuqori natijalarga ega talabalar uchun xorijda barcha xarajatlar qoplangan holda o‘qish imkonini beradi, sharti shuki, ular o‘qishni tugatgandan so‘ng kamida besh yil davomida Qozog‘istonga qaytib ishlashlari kerak&lt;ref name=Kucera&gt;{{cite news |title=Qozog‘iston yuksalmoqda, 3-qism: Nazarbayev universiteti |first=Joshua |last=Kucera |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2300317/entry/2300320/ |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1993-yilda joriy etilganidan beri 10 000 dan ortiq talaba ushbu stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Talabalarning aksariyati [[Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari]]da tahsil oladi, ammo dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlarida ham o‘qishadi.

==Tavsif==
&quot;Bolashak&quot; so‘zi ingliz tiliga &quot;Kelajak&quot; deb tarjima qilinadi. Ushbu dastur 1993-yilda Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Slate nashri muallifi Joshua Kucera yozishicha, Prezident Nazarbayev uni &quot;Qozog‘iston yoshlariga G‘arb, demokratik qadriyatlarni singdirish usuli&quot; sifatida taqdim etgan&lt;ref name=Kucera/&gt;. Biroq, Kucera maqolasida ta’kidlanishicha, ular yangi g‘oyalar va g‘arb qadriyatlarini o‘rganish uchun xorijga yuborilsalar-da, ko‘pincha ijobiy o‘zgarishlarni amalga oshirish vakolati berilmaydi.

Ko‘plab Bolashak bitiruvchilari Qozog‘iston ichidagi davlat va xususiy tashkilotlarda muhim lavozimlarni egallaydi.

Zhas Alash gazetasining 25.10.1996-sonidagi maqolaga ko‘ra, siyosiy iqtisodchi Kuanysh Satybaldievich Sazanov Bolashak stipendiyasining birinchi sohibi sifatida e’tirof etilgan. Janob Sazanov ikki yillik dasturini 18 oyda yakunlagan va ramziy tarzda birinchi Bolashak diplomini Qozog‘istonning birinchi prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayevga topshirgan.

1994-yildan 2004-yilgacha 785 nafar talaba Bolashak stipendiyasiga ega bo‘lgan. 2017-yilga kelib yana 12 046 ta stipendiya berilgan va 2018-yilga borib umumiy soni 12 831 taga yetgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/kazakhstans-bolashak-programme-has-awarded-12831-scholarships-in-25-years/|title=Qozog‘istonning Bolashak dasturi 25 yil ichida 12 831 stipendiya taqdim etdi - The Astana Times|date=2018-04-27|work=The Astana Times|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilda Bolashak dasturiga ariza topshirganlar soni 6 698 nafarni tashkil etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://international.oregonstate.edu/sites/international.oregonstate.edu/files/atosu/National-Sponsorhips-List-by-Country.pdf|title=Milliy stipendiya dasturlari-2008|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2004-yilga nisbatan bu ko‘rsatkich 45% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, bu son Qozog‘istondagi yirik universitetlarning yillik qabulidan ham oshib ketgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washcouncil.org/presentations-2013/Bolashak-Kazakhstan.pdf|title=Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Prezidentining Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilgi tanlov jarayonida 537 nafar nomzod arizasi qoidalarga mos kelmagani sababli rad etilgan. Tanlov mezonlariga mos kelgan nomzodlar til va psixologik testlardan o‘tkazilgan. Test natijalariga ko‘ra ular Ekspertlar qo‘mitasi ko‘rib chiqishiga tavsiya etilgan. Natijada 2005-yilda 1 796 nafar talabaga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

2006-yilda hujjatlar qabul qilish 26-apreldan 15-maygacha va 15-sentabrdan 31-oktabrgacha amalga oshirilgan. Birinchi bosqichda 809 ta, ikkinchi bosqichda esa 1 620 ta ariza topshirilgan. Til va psixologik testlardan so‘ng 2006-yilda 778 nafar talaba stipendiyaga sazovor bo‘lgan.

2007-yil 20-aprelda xorijda mutaxassislar tayyorlash bo‘yicha Respublika komissiyasi qaroriga ko‘ra 82 nafar nomzodga, 16-avgustda esa 185 nafar nomzodga stipendiya berilgan.

2008-yil 24-yanvarda 223 nafar nomzodga, 28-aprelda 104 nafar nomzodga, 13-avgustda esa 356 nafar nomzodga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

Umuman olganda, 2009-yilga kelib 5 950 nafar talaba stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Ularning taxminan 2 000 nafari davlat va milliy kompaniyalarda ish bilan ta’minlangan. 2009-yilda 800 nafar talaba Qozog‘istonga qaytgan.

2012-yilda Qozog‘iston yoshlari uchun 32 ta davlatdagi 630 ta yetakchi universitetlarda o‘qish imkoniyati yaratilgan.

==Etnik tarkibi==
2008-yil statistik ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, tanlovga tavsiya etilgan nomzodlarning 93,6% qozoq millatiga mansub bo‘lgan, undan keyin 3% ruslar, 0,9% koreyslar va 0,5% tatarlar bo‘lgan. Bu asosan stipendiya uchun muhim mezonlardan biri qozoq tilini bilish ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Boshqa tomondan, 2021-yilda o‘tkazilgan so‘nggi aholi ro‘yxatiga ko‘ra, mamlakat aholisi tarkibi 71% qozoq, 14,9% rus, 3,3% o‘zbek va 1,9% ukrainlardan iborat bo‘lib, aholining 80,1% qozoq tilida so‘zlashadi, asosan qozoq millati vakillari&lt;ref&gt;CIA - Jahon faktlar kitobi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114031724/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/]&lt;/ref&gt;:

== Universitetlar ro‘yxati ==
2023-yilda barcha yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha akademik ta’lim uchun universitetlar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tima |title=Oliy o‘quv yurtlari |url=https://bolashak.gov.kz/pretendentu/vuzy |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=bolashak.gov.kz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! Nomi !! Davlat
|-
| [[Australian National University|Avstraliya Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Curtin University|Kurtin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Deakin University|Dikin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Macquarie University|Makkuori Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Monash University|Monash Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Queensland University of Technology|Kvinslend Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Adelaide|Adelaida Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Melbourne|Melburn Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Queensland|Kvinslend Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Sydney|Sidney Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Technology Sydney|Sidney Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Western Australia|G‘arbiy Avstraliya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Wollongong|Vollongong Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruk Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[University of Vienna|Vena Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[Ghent University|Gent Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[KU Leuven|Leuven Katolik Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Universite libre de Bruxelles|Bryussel Erkin Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[University of Antwerp|Antverpen Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Cardiff University|Kardiff Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Durham University|Durxem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Imperial College London|London Imperiya Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[King's College London|London Qirollik Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Lancaster University|Lankaster Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[London School of Economics and Political Science|London Iqtisodiyot va Siyosiy Fanlar Maktabi]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Newcastle University|Nyukasl Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Queen Mary University of London|London Qirolicha Meri Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University College London|London Universitet Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdin Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bath|Bat Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Birmingham|Birmingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bristol|Bristol Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Cambridge|Kembrij Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of East Anglia|Sharqiy Angliya Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburg Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Exeter|Ekseter Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Glasgow|Glazgo Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Leeds|Lids Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Liverpool|Liverpul Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Manchester|Manchester Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Nottingham|Nottingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Oxford|Oksford Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Reading|Riding Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sheffield|Sheffild Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Southampton|Sautgempton Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sussex|Sasseks Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Warwick|Uorvik Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of York|York Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Harvard University|Garvard Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Stanford University|Stenford Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusets Texnologiya Instituti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Yale University|Yel Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Princeton University|Prinston Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Chicago|Chikago Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Columbia University|Kolumbiya Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Berkeley|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Berkli]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Los Angeles|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Los-Anjeles]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Toronto|Toronto Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[McGill University|Makgill Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of British Columbia|Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of Tokyo|Tokio Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Kyoto University|Kioto Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Seoul National University|Seul Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Koreya]]
|-
| [[National University of Singapore|Singapur Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Singapur]]
|-
| [[Peking University|Pekin Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|-
| [[Tsinghua University|Tsingxua Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|}

==Manbalar==
{{reflist}}

==Havolalar==
*[http://www.edu-cip.kz Xalqaro dasturlar markazi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070912190534/http://www.bolashak.net/ Bolashak talabalar forumi]
*[http://www.uchi.kz/bolashak Bolashak talabalari tajribalari: Savol-javob, qanday qilish]
*[http://bolashak.mit.edu MIT dagi Bolashak talabalari - Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]
*[http://kazakhstan.mit.edu Bolashak talabalari Qozog‘iston haqida]

[[Category:1993-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:1993-yilda ta’sis etilgan mukofotlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi stipendiyalar]]
[[Turkum:Grantlar]]
[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]]</text>
      <sha1>41jjkfadd3t1bdkz7hmeqi3zfn5e7fs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988916</id>
      <parentid>5988915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:17:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>taxrirladim</comment>
      <origin>5988916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11192" sha1="7xnqwr2jwt2tm3yrmpg3bpohu94ov35" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Логотип Болашақ.svg|thumb|Bolashak dasturi logotipi]]

'''Bolashak dasturi''' ('''Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi''') — bu [[stipendiya]] boʻlib, u [[Qozog‘iston]]dan yuqori natijalarga ega talabalar uchun xorijda barcha xarajatlar qoplangan holda oʻqish imkonini beradi, sharti shuki, ular oʻqishni tugatgandan soʻng kamida besh yil davomida Qozogʻistonga qaytib ishlashlari kerak&lt;ref name=Kucera&gt;{{cite news |title=Qozog‘iston yuksalmoqda, 3-qism: Nazarbayev universiteti |first=Joshua |last=Kucera |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2300317/entry/2300320/ |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1993-yilda joriy etilganidan beri 10 000 dan ortiq talaba ushbu stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Talabalarning aksariyati [[Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari]]da tahsil oladi, ammo dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlarida ham oʻqishadi.

==Tavsif==
&quot;Bolashak&quot; soʻzi ingliz tiliga „Kelajak“ deb tarjima qilinadi. Ushbu dastur 1993-yilda Qozogʻistonning birinchi prezidenti [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Slate nashri muallifi Joshua Kucera yozishicha, Prezident Nazarbayev uni „Qozogʻiston yoshlariga Gʻarb, demokratik qadriyatlarni singdirish usuli“ sifatida taqdim etgan&lt;ref name=Kucera/&gt;. Biroq, Kucera maqolasida taʼkidlanishicha, ular yangi gʻoyalar va gʻarb qadriyatlarini oʻrganish uchun xorijga yuborilsalar-da, koʻpincha ijobiy oʻzgarishlarni amalga oshirish vakolati berilmaydi.

Koʻplab Bolashak bitiruvchilari Qozogʻiston ichidagi davlat va xususiy tashkilotlarda muhim lavozimlarni egallaydi.

Zhas Alash gazetasining 25.10.1996-sonidagi maqolaga koʻra, siyosiy iqtisodchi Kuanysh Satybaldievich Sazanov Bolashak stipendiyasining birinchi sohibi sifatida eʼtirof etilgan. Janob Sazanov ikki yillik dasturini 18 oyda yakunlagan va ramziy tarzda birinchi Bolashak diplomini Qozogʻistonning birinchi prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayevga topshirgan.

1994-yildan 2004-yilgacha 785 nafar talaba Bolashak stipendiyasiga ega boʻlgan. 2017-yilga kelib yana 12 046 ta stipendiya berilgan va 2018-yilga borib umumiy soni 12 831 taga yetgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/kazakhstans-bolashak-programme-has-awarded-12831-scholarships-in-25-years/|title=Qozog‘istonning Bolashak dasturi 25 yil ichida 12 831 stipendiya taqdim etdi - The Astana Times|date=2018-04-27|work=The Astana Times|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilda Bolashak dasturiga ariza topshirganlar soni 6 698 nafarni tashkil etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://international.oregonstate.edu/sites/international.oregonstate.edu/files/atosu/National-Sponsorhips-List-by-Country.pdf|title=Milliy stipendiya dasturlari-2008|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2004-yilga nisbatan bu koʻrsatkich 45% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, bu son Qozogʻistondagi yirik universitetlarning yillik qabulidan ham oshib ketgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washcouncil.org/presentations-2013/Bolashak-Kazakhstan.pdf|title=Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Prezidentining Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilgi tanlov jarayonida 537 nafar nomzod arizasi qoidalarga mos kelmagani sababli rad etilgan. Tanlov mezonlariga mos kelgan nomzodlar til va psixologik testlardan oʻtkazilgan. Test natijalariga koʻra ular Ekspertlar qoʻmitasi koʻrib chiqishiga tavsiya etilgan. Natijada 2005-yilda 1 796 nafar talabaga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

2006-yilda hujjatlar qabul qilish 26-apreldan 15-maygacha va 15-sentabrdan 31-oktabrgacha amalga oshirilgan. Birinchi bosqichda 809 ta, ikkinchi bosqichda esa 1 620 ta ariza topshirilgan. Til va psixologik testlardan soʻng 2006-yilda 778 nafar talaba stipendiyaga sazovor boʻlgan.

2007-yil 20-aprelda xorijda mutaxassislar tayyorlash boʻyicha Respublika komissiyasi qaroriga koʻra 82 nafar nomzodga, 16-avgustda esa 185 nafar nomzodga stipendiya berilgan.

2008-yil 24-yanvarda 223 nafar nomzodga, 28-aprelda 104 nafar nomzodga, 13-avgustda esa 356 nafar nomzodga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

Umuman olganda, 2009-yilga kelib 5 950 nafar talaba stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Ularning taxminan 2 000 nafari davlat va milliy kompaniyalarda ish bilan taʼminlangan. 2009-yilda 800 nafar talaba Qozogʻistonga qaytgan.

2012-yilda Qozogʻiston yoshlari uchun 32 ta davlatdagi 630 ta yetakchi universitetlarda oʻqish imkoniyati yaratilgan.

== Etnik tarkibi ==
2008-yil statistik maʼlumotlariga koʻra, tanlovga tavsiya etilgan nomzodlarning 93,6% qozoq millatiga mansub boʻlgan, undan keyin 3% ruslar, 0,9% koreyslar va 0,5% tatarlar boʻlgan. Bu asosan stipendiya uchun muhim mezonlardan biri qozoq tilini bilish ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Boshqa tomondan, 2021-yilda oʻtkazilgan soʻnggi aholi roʻyxatiga koʻra, mamlakat aholisi tarkibi 71% qozoq, 14,9% rus, 3,3% oʻzbek va 1,9% ukrainlardan iborat boʻlib, aholining 80,1% qozoq tilida soʻzlashadi, asosan qozoq millati vakillari&lt;ref&gt;CIA — Jahon faktlar kitobi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114031724/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/]&lt;/ref&gt;:

== Universitetlar roʻyxati ==
2023-yilda barcha yoʻnalishlar boʻyicha akademik taʼlim uchun universitetlar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tima |title=Oliy o‘quv yurtlari |url=https://bolashak.gov.kz/pretendentu/vuzy |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=bolashak.gov.kz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! Nomi !! Davlat
|-
| [[Australian National University|Avstraliya Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Curtin University|Kurtin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Deakin University|Dikin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Macquarie University|Makkuori Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Monash University|Monash Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Queensland University of Technology|Kvinslend Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Adelaide|Adelaida Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Melbourne|Melburn Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Queensland|Kvinslend Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Sydney|Sidney Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Technology Sydney|Sidney Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Western Australia|Gʻarbiy Avstraliya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Wollongong|Vollongong Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruk Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[University of Vienna|Vena Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[Ghent University|Gent Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[KU Leuven|Leuven Katolik Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Universite libre de Bruxelles|Bryussel Erkin Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[University of Antwerp|Antverpen Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Cardiff University|Kardiff Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Durham University|Durxem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Imperial College London|London Imperiya Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[King's College London|London Qirollik Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Lancaster University|Lankaster Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[London School of Economics and Political Science|London Iqtisodiyot va Siyosiy Fanlar Maktabi]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Newcastle University|Nyukasl Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Queen Mary University of London|London Qirolicha Meri Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University College London|London Universitet Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdin Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bath|Bat Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Birmingham|Birmingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bristol|Bristol Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Cambridge|Kembrij Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of East Anglia|Sharqiy Angliya Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburg Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Exeter|Ekseter Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Glasgow|Glazgo Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Leeds|Lids Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Liverpool|Liverpul Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Manchester|Manchester Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Nottingham|Nottingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Oxford|Oksford Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Reading|Riding Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sheffield|Sheffild Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Southampton|Sautgempton Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sussex|Sasseks Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Warwick|Uorvik Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of York|York Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Harvard University|Garvard Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Stanford University|Stenford Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusets Texnologiya Instituti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Yale University|Yel Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Princeton University|Prinston Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Chicago|Chikago Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Columbia University|Kolumbiya Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Berkeley|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Berkli]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Los Angeles|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Los-Anjeles]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Toronto|Toronto Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[McGill University|Makgill Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of British Columbia|Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of Tokyo|Tokio Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Kyoto University|Kioto Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Seoul National University|Seul Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Koreya]]
|-
| [[National University of Singapore|Singapur Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Singapur]]
|-
| [[Peking University|Pekin Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|-
| [[Tsinghua University|Tsingxua Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.edu-cip.kz Xalqaro dasturlar markazi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070912190534/http://www.bolashak.net/ Bolashak talabalar forumi]
* [http://www.uchi.kz/bolashak Bolashak talabalari tajribalari: Savol-javob, qanday qilish]
* [http://bolashak.mit.edu MIT dagi Bolashak talabalari — Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]
* [http://kazakhstan.mit.edu Bolashak talabalari Qozogʻiston haqida]

[[Category:1993-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:1993-yilda ta’sis etilgan mukofotlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi stipendiyalar]]
[[Turkum:Grantlar]]
[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]]</text>
      <sha1>7xnqwr2jwt2tm3yrmpg3bpohu94ov35</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988917</id>
      <parentid>5988916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:17:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Taʼlim]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11211" sha1="ednxyza497ox43jtaqs6zmvla0so0si" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Логотип Болашақ.svg|thumb|Bolashak dasturi logotipi]]

'''Bolashak dasturi''' ('''Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi''') — bu [[stipendiya]] boʻlib, u [[Qozog‘iston]]dan yuqori natijalarga ega talabalar uchun xorijda barcha xarajatlar qoplangan holda oʻqish imkonini beradi, sharti shuki, ular oʻqishni tugatgandan soʻng kamida besh yil davomida Qozogʻistonga qaytib ishlashlari kerak&lt;ref name=Kucera&gt;{{cite news |title=Qozog‘iston yuksalmoqda, 3-qism: Nazarbayev universiteti |first=Joshua |last=Kucera |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2300317/entry/2300320/ |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1993-yilda joriy etilganidan beri 10 000 dan ortiq talaba ushbu stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Talabalarning aksariyati [[Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlari]]da tahsil oladi, ammo dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlarida ham oʻqishadi.

==Tavsif==
&quot;Bolashak&quot; soʻzi ingliz tiliga „Kelajak“ deb tarjima qilinadi. Ushbu dastur 1993-yilda Qozogʻistonning birinchi prezidenti [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Slate nashri muallifi Joshua Kucera yozishicha, Prezident Nazarbayev uni „Qozogʻiston yoshlariga Gʻarb, demokratik qadriyatlarni singdirish usuli“ sifatida taqdim etgan&lt;ref name=Kucera/&gt;. Biroq, Kucera maqolasida taʼkidlanishicha, ular yangi gʻoyalar va gʻarb qadriyatlarini oʻrganish uchun xorijga yuborilsalar-da, koʻpincha ijobiy oʻzgarishlarni amalga oshirish vakolati berilmaydi.

Koʻplab Bolashak bitiruvchilari Qozogʻiston ichidagi davlat va xususiy tashkilotlarda muhim lavozimlarni egallaydi.

Zhas Alash gazetasining 25.10.1996-sonidagi maqolaga koʻra, siyosiy iqtisodchi Kuanysh Satybaldievich Sazanov Bolashak stipendiyasining birinchi sohibi sifatida eʼtirof etilgan. Janob Sazanov ikki yillik dasturini 18 oyda yakunlagan va ramziy tarzda birinchi Bolashak diplomini Qozogʻistonning birinchi prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbayevga topshirgan.

1994-yildan 2004-yilgacha 785 nafar talaba Bolashak stipendiyasiga ega boʻlgan. 2017-yilga kelib yana 12 046 ta stipendiya berilgan va 2018-yilga borib umumiy soni 12 831 taga yetgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/kazakhstans-bolashak-programme-has-awarded-12831-scholarships-in-25-years/|title=Qozog‘istonning Bolashak dasturi 25 yil ichida 12 831 stipendiya taqdim etdi - The Astana Times|date=2018-04-27|work=The Astana Times|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilda Bolashak dasturiga ariza topshirganlar soni 6 698 nafarni tashkil etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://international.oregonstate.edu/sites/international.oregonstate.edu/files/atosu/National-Sponsorhips-List-by-Country.pdf|title=Milliy stipendiya dasturlari-2008|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 2004-yilga nisbatan bu koʻrsatkich 45% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, bu son Qozogʻistondagi yirik universitetlarning yillik qabulidan ham oshib ketgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.washcouncil.org/presentations-2013/Bolashak-Kazakhstan.pdf|title=Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Prezidentining Bolashak xalqaro stipendiyasi|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

2005-yilgi tanlov jarayonida 537 nafar nomzod arizasi qoidalarga mos kelmagani sababli rad etilgan. Tanlov mezonlariga mos kelgan nomzodlar til va psixologik testlardan oʻtkazilgan. Test natijalariga koʻra ular Ekspertlar qoʻmitasi koʻrib chiqishiga tavsiya etilgan. Natijada 2005-yilda 1 796 nafar talabaga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

2006-yilda hujjatlar qabul qilish 26-apreldan 15-maygacha va 15-sentabrdan 31-oktabrgacha amalga oshirilgan. Birinchi bosqichda 809 ta, ikkinchi bosqichda esa 1 620 ta ariza topshirilgan. Til va psixologik testlardan soʻng 2006-yilda 778 nafar talaba stipendiyaga sazovor boʻlgan.

2007-yil 20-aprelda xorijda mutaxassislar tayyorlash boʻyicha Respublika komissiyasi qaroriga koʻra 82 nafar nomzodga, 16-avgustda esa 185 nafar nomzodga stipendiya berilgan.

2008-yil 24-yanvarda 223 nafar nomzodga, 28-aprelda 104 nafar nomzodga, 13-avgustda esa 356 nafar nomzodga Bolashak stipendiyasi berilgan.

Umuman olganda, 2009-yilga kelib 5 950 nafar talaba stipendiya bilan taqdirlangan. Ularning taxminan 2 000 nafari davlat va milliy kompaniyalarda ish bilan taʼminlangan. 2009-yilda 800 nafar talaba Qozogʻistonga qaytgan.

2012-yilda Qozogʻiston yoshlari uchun 32 ta davlatdagi 630 ta yetakchi universitetlarda oʻqish imkoniyati yaratilgan.

== Etnik tarkibi ==
2008-yil statistik maʼlumotlariga koʻra, tanlovga tavsiya etilgan nomzodlarning 93,6% qozoq millatiga mansub boʻlgan, undan keyin 3% ruslar, 0,9% koreyslar va 0,5% tatarlar boʻlgan. Bu asosan stipendiya uchun muhim mezonlardan biri qozoq tilini bilish ekanligi bilan izohlanadi. Boshqa tomondan, 2021-yilda oʻtkazilgan soʻnggi aholi roʻyxatiga koʻra, mamlakat aholisi tarkibi 71% qozoq, 14,9% rus, 3,3% oʻzbek va 1,9% ukrainlardan iborat boʻlib, aholining 80,1% qozoq tilida soʻzlashadi, asosan qozoq millati vakillari&lt;ref&gt;CIA — Jahon faktlar kitobi: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114031724/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/]&lt;/ref&gt;:

== Universitetlar roʻyxati ==
2023-yilda barcha yoʻnalishlar boʻyicha akademik taʼlim uchun universitetlar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tima |title=Oliy o‘quv yurtlari |url=https://bolashak.gov.kz/pretendentu/vuzy |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=bolashak.gov.kz}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible collapsed&quot;
! Nomi !! Davlat
|-
| [[Australian National University|Avstraliya Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Curtin University|Kurtin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Deakin University|Dikin Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Macquarie University|Makkuori Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Monash University|Monash Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[Queensland University of Technology|Kvinslend Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Adelaide|Adelaida Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Melbourne|Melburn Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of New South Wales|Yangi Janubiy Uels Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Queensland|Kvinslend Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Sydney|Sidney Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Technology Sydney|Sidney Texnologiya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Western Australia|Gʻarbiy Avstraliya Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Wollongong|Vollongong Universiteti]] || [[Avstraliya]]
|-
| [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruk Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[University of Vienna|Vena Universiteti]] || [[Avstriya]]
|-
| [[Ghent University|Gent Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[KU Leuven|Leuven Katolik Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Universite libre de Bruxelles|Bryussel Erkin Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[University of Antwerp|Antverpen Universiteti]] || [[Belgiya]]
|-
| [[Cardiff University|Kardiff Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Durham University|Durxem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Imperial College London|London Imperiya Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[King's College London|London Qirollik Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Lancaster University|Lankaster Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[London School of Economics and Political Science|London Iqtisodiyot va Siyosiy Fanlar Maktabi]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Newcastle University|Nyukasl Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Queen Mary University of London|London Qirolicha Meri Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University College London|London Universitet Kolleji]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdin Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bath|Bat Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Birmingham|Birmingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Bristol|Bristol Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Cambridge|Kembrij Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of East Anglia|Sharqiy Angliya Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburg Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Exeter|Ekseter Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Glasgow|Glazgo Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Leeds|Lids Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Liverpool|Liverpul Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Manchester|Manchester Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Nottingham|Nottingem Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Oxford|Oksford Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Reading|Riding Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sheffield|Sheffild Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Southampton|Sautgempton Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Sussex|Sasseks Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of Warwick|Uorvik Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[University of York|York Universiteti]] || [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
|-
| [[Harvard University|Garvard Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Stanford University|Stenford Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusets Texnologiya Instituti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Yale University|Yel Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Princeton University|Prinston Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Chicago|Chikago Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[Columbia University|Kolumbiya Universiteti]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Berkeley|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Berkli]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of California, Los Angeles|Kaliforniya Universiteti, Los-Anjeles]] || [[AQSh]]
|-
| [[University of Toronto|Toronto Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[McGill University|Makgill Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of British Columbia|Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Universiteti]] || [[Kanada]]
|-
| [[University of Tokyo|Tokio Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Kyoto University|Kioto Universiteti]] || [[Yaponiya]]
|-
| [[Seoul National University|Seul Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Koreya]]
|-
| [[National University of Singapore|Singapur Milliy Universiteti]] || [[Singapur]]
|-
| [[Peking University|Pekin Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|-
| [[Tsinghua University|Tsingxua Universiteti]] || [[Xitoy]]
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.edu-cip.kz Xalqaro dasturlar markazi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070912190534/http://www.bolashak.net/ Bolashak talabalar forumi]
* [http://www.uchi.kz/bolashak Bolashak talabalari tajribalari: Savol-javob, qanday qilish]
* [http://bolashak.mit.edu MIT dagi Bolashak talabalari — Massachusetts texnologiya instituti]
* [http://kazakhstan.mit.edu Bolashak talabalari Qozogʻiston haqida]

[[Category:1993-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:1993-yilda ta’sis etilgan mukofotlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi stipendiyalar]]
[[Turkum:Grantlar]]
[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]]
[[Turkum:Taʼlim]]</text>
      <sha1>ednxyza497ox43jtaqs6zmvla0so0si</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Bolashak</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364253</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Anzoda qo'shish */ yangi mavzu</comment>
      <origin>5988919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="165" sha1="0ostt11ksmblrunnvgxopil612vpccc" xml:space="preserve">== Anzoda qo'shish ==

{{Viki-bahor 2026}}

[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 08:19, 2026-yil 12-aprel (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Ta’lim va fan vazirligi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364254</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988920</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
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      <text bytes="7369" sha1="n5pe3nrh79z85eujpfc171r2ooj8r0l" xml:space="preserve">{{Tashkilot bilgiqutisi
|nomi = Qozog‘iston Respublikasi Ta’lim va fan vazirligi
|tasvir = Logotip ministry of education of the Kazakhstan.svg
|tasvir_tagyozuvi = Qozog‘iston gerbi
|tasvir2 = House of Ministries (15118095121) (cropped).jpg
|tasvir2_tagyozuvi = Vazirliklar uyi
|tasvir3 = 
|tasvir3_tagyozuvi =
|qisqartma = MES RK (ҚР БҒМ / МОН РК)
|turi = Davlat vazirligi
|sanoat = Ta’lim, fan, yoshlar siyosati
|shiori = 
|maqomi = Tugatilgan
|maqsadi = Ta’lim, fan, bolalar huquqlarini himoya qilish va yoshlar siyosatini boshqarish
|ishga_tushgan_sanasi = 13 oktyabr 1999
|tan_olingan_yili = 
|tugatilgan = 11 iyun 2022
|tugatilish_sababi = Ikki alohida vazirlikka bo‘linishi
|joylashuvi = [[Astana]], [[Qozog‘iston]]
|hududiy_hizmati = [[Qozog‘iston]]
|asoschilari = [[Qozog‘iston hukumati]]
|rais =
|prezident = 
|direktori = 
|bosh_kotib = 
|oʻrinbosarlari = 
|yetakchi_sarlavha = So‘nggi vazir
|yetakchi_nomi = [[Sayasat Nurbek]]
|yetakchi_sarlavha2 = Ta’lim vaziri (2023-yildan)
|yetakchi_nomi2 = G‘ani Bektaevich Beisembayev
|yetakchi_sarlavha3 = Fan va oliy ta’lim vaziri (2022-yildan)
|yetakchi_nomi3 = [[Sayasat Nurbek]]
|bosh_mahkamasi = [[Astana]]
|daromad = 
|aylanma_daromad = 
|operatsion_foyda = 
|toza_foyda = 
|boyligi = 
|byudjet = 
|IITKI = 
|ishchilar_soni = 
|koʻngilli_xizmatkorlar = 
|mijozlar_soni = 
|aʼzolari = 
|oʻziga_tegishli_tashkilotlar = 
|vebsayti = [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/edu?lang=en Rasmiy veb-sayt]
|Oʻrinbosari = 
|tili = qozoq, rus
|xaritada = 
}}


'''Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Taʼlim va fan vazirligi''' ('''MES RK''', {{langx|kk|Қазақстан Республикасы Білім және ғылым министрлігі|Qazaqstan Respublikasy Bılım jäne ğylym ministrlıgı }}, QR BGʻM; {{Langx|ru|Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан}}, MON RK) — [[Government of Kazakhstan|Qozogʻiston hukumati]]ning markaziy ijro etuvchi organi boʻlib, qonunlarda belgilangan doirada taʼlim, fan, bolalar huquqlarini himoya qilish va yoshlar siyosati sohalarida boshqaruv hamda tarmoqlararo muvofiqlashtirishni amalga oshirgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vazirlik haqida|url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/edu/about?lang=en|website=gov.egov.kz|access-date=2020-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2022-yilda ushbu ijro etuvchi organ [[Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Kazakhstan)|Fan va oliy taʼlim vazirligi]] hamda [[Ministry of Education (Kazakhstan)|Taʼlim vazirligi]]ga boʻlingan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inform.kz/en/sayasat-nurbek-named-minister-of-science-and-higher-education_a3943375|title=Sayasat Nurbek Fan va oliy ta’lim vaziri etib tayinlandi|website=www.inform.kz|date=2022-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarix ==
Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Taʼlim vazirligi — taʼlim, fan va bolalar huquqlarini himoya qilish sohalarida boshqaruvni amalga oshiruvchi davlat organidir. Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Taʼlim vaziri — Beisembayev Gʻani Bektaevich (2023-yildan).

Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Fan va oliy taʼlim vaziri — Sayasat Nurbek (2022-yildan).

== Vazifalari ==
* fuqarolarning taʼlim sohasidagi konstitutsiyaviy huquq va erkinliklarini taʼminlash
* [[Qozog‘iston Respublikasi]]da fundamental va amaliy ilmiy tadqiqotlarning ustuvor yoʻnalishlarini shakllantirish
* taʼlim tizimini boshqarish, tashkilotlar tomonidan koʻrsatilayotgan taʼlim xizmatlari sifatini metodik taʼminlash
* davlat yoshlar siyosatini yuritish
* davlat yoshlar siyosatini amalga oshirish boʻyicha dasturlarni ishlab chiqish va Qozogʻiston hukumati tasdigʻiga kiritish
* fan va yoshlar siyosati sohasida xalqaro hamkorlikni amalga oshirish
* bolalarning asosiy huquqlarini taʼminlashga qaratilgan turli dasturlarni ishlab chiqish
* taʼlim va fan sohalarida tarmoqlararo muvofiqlashtirishni amalga oshirish
* xorijiy hamkorlar bilan muzokaralar olib borish va xalqaro shartnomalar (kelishuvlar), taʼlim dasturlari hamda ilmiy faoliyatni yoʻlga qoʻyish
* davlat yoshlar siyosati sohasida markaziy va mahalliy ijro etuvchi organlar faoliyatini muvofiqlashtirish
* innovatsion taʼlim dasturlarini joriy etuvchi oliy oʻquv yurtlari tanlovini tashkil etish tartibi va mezonlarini tasdiqlash
* oʻquv-uslubiy ishlarni tashkil etish va amalga oshirish qoidalarini tasdiqlash
* kredit texnologiyasi va masofaviy taʼlim asosida oʻquv jarayonini tashkil etish qoidalarini tasdiqlash
* respublika ahamiyatiga ega xorijiy tadbirlarni tashkil etish
* sohaviy ragʻbatlantirish tizimini ishlab chiqish va tasdiqlash
* xorijda taʼlim olish uchun yoʻllanma berish tartibini belgilash
* talabalarning oʻqishini koʻchirish va tiklash qoidalarini tasdiqlash
* taʼlim boshqaruvi tizimini axborot bilan taʼminlash
* davlat yoshlar siyosati sohasida normativ-huquqiy hujjatlarni ishlab chiqish
* talabalarni attestatsiyadan oʻtkazish usullarini belgilash
* boʻysunuvchi taʼlim muassasalarining nizomlarini tasdiqlash

== Vazirlar ==
{| border 1| | width=&quot;50%&quot;| class=&quot;standard&quot;
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|'''#'''
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|'''Ismi'''
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|'''Muddat'''
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|1
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|Galym Abilseitov
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|30 iyun 1992 – 11 oktyabr 1994
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|2
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Vladimir Shkolnik]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|avgust 1994 – oktyabr 1999
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|3
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Krymbek Kusherbayev|Krymbek Kosherbayev]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|oktyabr 1999 – 18 dekabr 2000
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|4
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|Nuraly Bekturganov
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|18 dekabr 2000 – yanvar 2002
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|5
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Shamsha Berkimbayeva|Shamsha Berkimbaeva]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|yanvar 2002 – 14 iyun 2003
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|6
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Zhaksybek Kulekeyev|Zhaksybek Kulekeev]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|14 iyun 2003 – 14 dekabr 2004
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|7
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Byrganym Aitimova|Birganym Aitimova]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|14 dekabr 2004 – 19 yanvar 2007
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|8
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Janseiıt Tüimebaev|Zhanseit Tuimebayev]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|19 yanvar 2007 – 22 sentabr 2010
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|9
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov|Bakytzhan Zhumagulov]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|22 sentabr 2010 – 2 sentabr 2013
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|10
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|Aslan Sarinzhipov
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|2 sentabr 2013 – 10 fevral 2016
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|11
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|[[Erlan Sağadiev|Erlan Sagadiev]]
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|10 fevral 2016 — 2019
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|12
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|25 fevral 2019 – 13 iyun 2019
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|13
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|Askhat Kanatovich Aimagambetov&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Thibault |first=Hélène |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Uyat_and_the_Culture_of_Shame_in_Central/WQ-HEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Askhat+Aimagambetov&amp;pg=PA162&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Uyat and the Culture of Shame in Central Asia |last2=Caron |first2=Jean-François |date=2022-09-02 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-19-4328-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|2019 – 10 iyun 2022
 |-
 |width=&quot;3%&quot;|14
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|Sayasat Nurbek&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
 |width=&quot;10%&quot;|11 iyun 2022 – hozirgacha
|-
|}

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1999-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘iston hukumat vazirliklari|Taʼlim]]
[[Category:1999-yilda tashkil etilgan vazirliklar]]
[[Category:Ta’lim vazirliklari|Qozogʻiston]]
[[Category:Fan va texnologiya vazirliklari|Qozogʻiston]]</text>
      <sha1>n5pe3nrh79z85eujpfc171r2ooj8r0l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti (Qozogʻiston)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364255</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988922</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:34:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5988922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10711" sha1="cynbd9a7d3d9r2zduiqykzirfuuhuhu" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті&lt;br&gt;Международный университет информационных технологий
| asl_nomi_til           = kk, ru
| tasvir                 = Лого Международный Университет Информационных Технологий.jpg
| tasvir_eni             = 400px
| izoh                   = Universitet logotipi
| xalqaro_nomi           = International Information Technologies University (IITU)
| boshqa_nomi            = Xalqaro IT universiteti
| ilgarigi_nomi          = 
| shiori                 = Qozog‘istonning intellektual elitasini shakllantirish
| shiori_til             = en
| yuqorigi_belgi         = 
| yuqorigi_matn          = 
| yuqorigi_belgi1        = 
| yuqorigi_matn1         = 
| yuqorigi_belgi2        = 
| yuqorigi_matn2         = 
| turi                   = [[Public university|Davlat universiteti]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|2009}}
| yopilgan               = 
| asoschisi              = [[Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]]
| akkreditatsiya         = 
| endaumenti             = 
| byudjeti               = 
| rahbari                = 
| raisi                  = 
| kansleri               = 
| prezidenti             = Erlan Kenzhegalievich Sagadiyev
| vitse-prezident        = 
| vitse-kansleri         = 
| provosti               = 
| rektori                = Isakhov Asylbek Abdiashimovich
| direktori              = 
| dekani                 = 
| rahbar_turi1           = Marketing va PR direktori
| rahbar1                = Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna
| fakultet               = 
| xodimlar_tarkibi       =
| talabalari             =  
| bakalavriat            = 
| magistratura           = 
| aspirantura            = 
| doktorantura           =  
| akademiklari           =  
| doktorlari             =  
| professorlari          =  
| oʻqituvchilari         =  
| manzili                = Manas ko‘chasi 34A
| shahar                 = [[Almati]]
| viloyat                = 
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| pochta_indeksi         = 050000—050063
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.23518|76.90994|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| kampusi                = 
| tili                   = Ingliz tili
| belgi                  = 
| matn                   = 
| belgi1                 = 
| matn1                  = 
| belgi2                 = 
| matn2                  = 
| ranglari               = 
| laqabi                 = 
| maskoti                = 
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|iitu.edu.kz}}
| logotip                = 
| logotip_eni            = 
| logotip_alt            = 
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| map_size               = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}
'''Xalqaro IT universiteti''' yoki '''Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti''' ({{langx|kk|Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті}}, ''Halyqaralyq aqparattyq tehnologııalar ýnıversıteti'') — 2009-yilda [[iCarnegie]] ta’lim tashkiloti bilan yaqin hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan bo‘lib, u Amerika IT universiteti [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]] vakili hisoblanadi va [[President of Kazakhstan|Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]] buyrug‘i asosida ochilgan. Ushbu oliy ta’lim muassasasining tashkil etilishidan maqsad — Qozog‘istonda xalqaro darajada tan olingan malakali IT mutaxassislarini tayyorlashdir. Universitet [[Qozog‘iston hukumati]] va milliy infokommunikatsiya kompaniyalari grantlari bilan ta’minlangan bo‘lib, ta’lim dasturlari Qozog‘iston va AQSh ta’lim tizimlarini qamrab oladi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.linkedin.com/company/international-information-technologies-university International Information Technologies University]&lt;/ref&gt;

Universitetda ta’lim ingliz tilida olib boriladi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://abiturients.kz/kazahstansko-britanskij-tehnicheskij-universitet/ KBTUda ta’lim ]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akademik faoliyat ==

=== Bakalavriat yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Kompyuter fanlari
#IT sohasida menejment
#IT sohasida moliya
#Elektron jurnalistika
#Radiotexnika, elektronika va telekommunikatsiya
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

=== Magistratura yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Loyihalarni boshqarish
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

== iCarnegie kurslari ==
Xalqaro IT universitetida ta’lim [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]]ning sho‘ba korxonasi bo‘lgan iCarnegie dasturlari asosida olib boriladi.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Kurs !! Modul nomi !! 	O‘qishdan keyingi malaka
|-
| SSD1 || Axborot tizimlariga kirish || Veb-ilovalar dasturchisi
|-
| SSD2 || Kompyuter tizimlariga kirish ||  Veb qo‘llab-quvvatlash mutaxassisi
|-
| SSD3 || Obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash va dizayn  || Junior Java dasturchi
|-
| SSD4 || Foydalanuvchiga yo‘naltirilgan dizayn va testlash || Interfeys dasturchisi
|-
| SSD5 || Ma’lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlar ||  C++ dasturchi
|-
| SSD6 || Tizim darajasidagi dasturlash || Tizim dasturchisi
|-
| SSD7 || Ma’lumotlar bazasi tizimlari ||  Ma’lumotlar bazasi ishlab chiquvchisi
|-
| SSD8 || Tarmoqlar va taqsimlangan hisoblash || Tarmoq ilovalari dasturchisi
|-
| SSD9 || Dasturiy ta’minotni spetsifikatsiya qilish, testlash va qo‘llab-quvvatlash || Katta dasturchi
|-
| SSD10 || Dasturiy loyihalarni tashkil etish va boshqarish ||  Dasturiy loyiha menejeri
|}

=== O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari ===
'''O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari''' — abituriyentlarning dasturlash bo‘yicha boshlang‘ich bilimlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, asosiy maqsadlari:
* abituriyentlarni Java dasturlash tilida ishlashga o‘rgatish
* obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash (OOP) zamonaviy yondashuvlarini o‘rgatish
* animatsiya, ovoz va klaviatura orqali boshqariladigan ilovalar yaratishni o‘rgatish
* iCarnegie sertifikatlarini berish (IITUga kirishda hisobga olinadi)
* qiziqarli loyihalarda ishlash imkonini yaratish
* AQShdan kelgan faxriy professorlardan xalqaro standartlar asosida ta’lim olish imkonini berish
* o‘yinli veb-sahifalar yaratishni o‘rgatish

== Xalqaro hamkorlik ==
Universitetning xalqaro hamkorligi quyidagilar orqali amalga oshiriladi: ta’lim tizimini xalqaro standartlarga moslashtirish, professor-o‘qituvchilar malakasini oshirish, yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etish va xorijiy universitetlar bilan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri shartnomalar asosida hamkorlik qilish.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! № !! Nomi !! Sana
|-
| 1 || [[Arkansas State University]] bilan memorandum || 5 yanvar 2011
|-
| 2 || [[London Academy of Management Sciences]] bilan memorandum || 1 aprel 2011
|-
| 3 || [[ITMO University|Sankt-Peterburg IT, mexanika va optika universiteti]] bilan shartnoma || 26 mart 2010
|-
| 4 || [[University Teknikal Mara|University Teknikal Mara SDN BHD]] bilan memorandum || 2 mart 2010
|-
| 5 || Transport va telekommunikatsiya instituti bilan shartnoma || 15 mart 2010
|-
| 6 || [[Universiti Tenaga Nasional]] bilan memorandum || mart, 2010
|-
| 7 || [[Prague Development Center]] bilan hamkorlik memorandumi || 22 dekabr 2010
|-
| 8 || ALSI (Qozog‘iston) bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 9 || [[Microsoft]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 10 || [[CISCO]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 11 || Alatau IT City Management bilan shartnoma || 24 sentabr 2009
|-
| 12 || Orient Lab, CISCO mintaqaviy akademiyasi bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 13 || JSC NIT bilan memorandum || 16 iyul 2009
|-
| 14 || Riga IT tizimlari boshqaruvi oliy maktabi bilan memorandum || 15 sentabr 2009
|-
| 15 || iCarnegie bilan shartnoma || 9 may 2009
|}

== Laboratoriya ==

=== Huawei bulutli hisoblash laboratoriyasi ===
'''[[Huawei]] Cloud Computing of Innogrid''' — 2011-yil 9-avgustda Huawei kompaniyasi, &quot;Zerde&quot; AKT xoldingi va Xalqaro IT universiteti hamkorligida ochilgan. 
Laboratoriyaning asosiy maqsadi — [[cloud computing]], [[open system (computing)|ochiq tizimlar]] va [[open source]] texnologiyalarini o‘rganish.

=== Apple o‘quv markazi ===
'''iOS ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — kurs [[Objective-C]] dasturlash tili va iOS qurilmalar uchun ilova yaratishni o‘rgatadi. Kurs oxirida talabalar [[iPhone]], [[iPad]] va boshqa [[iOS device]]lar uchun dasturlar yaratish hamda [[Xcode]] muhitida ishlashni biladi.

'''Mac OS X ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — talabalarni Mac OS X operatsion tizimi uchun dasturlar yaratishga o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa Framework]] va Objective-C ishlatiladi.

'''Advanced Apple Development''' — [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] texnologiyalari asosida chuqurlashtirilgan dasturlashni o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[WebKit]], [[ParseKit]], [[RestKit]] va boshqa [[framework]]lar bilan ishlash ham o‘rganiladi.

'''Microsoft laboratoriyasi''' —

== Ijtimoiy loyihalar ==
'''Hackday Almaty 2011''' — 2011-yil 29–30-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan IT tadbir bo‘lib, 500 dan ortiq tinglovchi va 396 ishtirokchi qatnashgan.

'''Hackday Almaty 2012''' — 2012-yil 28–29-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan bo‘lib, 800 dan ortiq ishtirokchilar qatnashgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |title=Participants of HackDay#22 |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629215308/http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |archive-date=2012-06-29 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Boshqaruv ==
* Rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Vitse-rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Marketing va PR direktori — Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna

== Universitet hamkorlari ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
File:Cisco logo.svg|:«[[Cisco Systems]]»
File:Microsoft.svg|«[[Microsoft Corporation]]»
File:LUCT worldwide 2009.svg|[[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology|LUCT Worldwide]]
File:IBM logo.svg|[[International Business Machines]]
File:Apple logo black.svg|[[Apple Inc.]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}
*''Ushbu maqoladagi ma’lumotlar uning [[:kk:Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті|qozoqcha versiyasi]] asosida tayyorlangan.''

== Tashqi havolalar ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/user/freetonik2 Rakhim Davletkaliyev tomonidan Objective-C kurslari]


[[Category:2009-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:2009-yilda tashkil etilgan ta’lim muassasalari]]</text>
      <sha1>cynbd9a7d3d9r2zduiqykzirfuuhuhu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988923</id>
      <parentid>5988922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:45:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tashqi havolalar */</comment>
      <origin>5988923</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10704" sha1="2p259f7cyfs5vnj3olyu9cw2fxblfn5" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті&lt;br&gt;Международный университет информационных технологий
| asl_nomi_til           = kk, ru
| tasvir                 = Лого Международный Университет Информационных Технологий.jpg
| tasvir_eni             = 400px
| izoh                   = Universitet logotipi
| xalqaro_nomi           = International Information Technologies University (IITU)
| boshqa_nomi            = Xalqaro IT universiteti
| ilgarigi_nomi          = 
| shiori                 = Qozog‘istonning intellektual elitasini shakllantirish
| shiori_til             = en
| yuqorigi_belgi         = 
| yuqorigi_matn          = 
| yuqorigi_belgi1        = 
| yuqorigi_matn1         = 
| yuqorigi_belgi2        = 
| yuqorigi_matn2         = 
| turi                   = [[Public university|Davlat universiteti]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|2009}}
| yopilgan               = 
| asoschisi              = [[Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]]
| akkreditatsiya         = 
| endaumenti             = 
| byudjeti               = 
| rahbari                = 
| raisi                  = 
| kansleri               = 
| prezidenti             = Erlan Kenzhegalievich Sagadiyev
| vitse-prezident        = 
| vitse-kansleri         = 
| provosti               = 
| rektori                = Isakhov Asylbek Abdiashimovich
| direktori              = 
| dekani                 = 
| rahbar_turi1           = Marketing va PR direktori
| rahbar1                = Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna
| fakultet               = 
| xodimlar_tarkibi       =
| talabalari             =  
| bakalavriat            = 
| magistratura           = 
| aspirantura            = 
| doktorantura           =  
| akademiklari           =  
| doktorlari             =  
| professorlari          =  
| oʻqituvchilari         =  
| manzili                = Manas ko‘chasi 34A
| shahar                 = [[Almati]]
| viloyat                = 
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| pochta_indeksi         = 050000—050063
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.23518|76.90994|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| kampusi                = 
| tili                   = Ingliz tili
| belgi                  = 
| matn                   = 
| belgi1                 = 
| matn1                  = 
| belgi2                 = 
| matn2                  = 
| ranglari               = 
| laqabi                 = 
| maskoti                = 
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|iitu.edu.kz}}
| logotip                = 
| logotip_eni            = 
| logotip_alt            = 
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| map_size               = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}
'''Xalqaro IT universiteti''' yoki '''Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti''' ({{langx|kk|Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті}}, ''Halyqaralyq aqparattyq tehnologııalar ýnıversıteti'') — 2009-yilda [[iCarnegie]] ta’lim tashkiloti bilan yaqin hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan bo‘lib, u Amerika IT universiteti [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]] vakili hisoblanadi va [[President of Kazakhstan|Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]] buyrug‘i asosida ochilgan. Ushbu oliy ta’lim muassasasining tashkil etilishidan maqsad — Qozog‘istonda xalqaro darajada tan olingan malakali IT mutaxassislarini tayyorlashdir. Universitet [[Qozog‘iston hukumati]] va milliy infokommunikatsiya kompaniyalari grantlari bilan ta’minlangan bo‘lib, ta’lim dasturlari Qozog‘iston va AQSh ta’lim tizimlarini qamrab oladi&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.linkedin.com/company/international-information-technologies-university International Information Technologies University]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Universitetda ta’lim ingliz tilida olib boriladi&lt;ref&gt;[https://abiturients.kz/kazahstansko-britanskij-tehnicheskij-universitet/ KBTUda ta’lim ]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Akademik faoliyat ==

=== Bakalavriat yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Kompyuter fanlari
#IT sohasida menejment
#IT sohasida moliya
#Elektron jurnalistika
#Radiotexnika, elektronika va telekommunikatsiya
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

=== Magistratura yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Loyihalarni boshqarish
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

== iCarnegie kurslari ==
Xalqaro IT universitetida ta’lim [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]]ning sho‘ba korxonasi bo‘lgan iCarnegie dasturlari asosida olib boriladi.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Kurs !! Modul nomi !! 	O‘qishdan keyingi malaka
|-
| SSD1 || Axborot tizimlariga kirish || Veb-ilovalar dasturchisi
|-
| SSD2 || Kompyuter tizimlariga kirish ||  Veb qo‘llab-quvvatlash mutaxassisi
|-
| SSD3 || Obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash va dizayn  || Junior Java dasturchi
|-
| SSD4 || Foydalanuvchiga yo‘naltirilgan dizayn va testlash || Interfeys dasturchisi
|-
| SSD5 || Ma’lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlar ||  C++ dasturchi
|-
| SSD6 || Tizim darajasidagi dasturlash || Tizim dasturchisi
|-
| SSD7 || Ma’lumotlar bazasi tizimlari ||  Ma’lumotlar bazasi ishlab chiquvchisi
|-
| SSD8 || Tarmoqlar va taqsimlangan hisoblash || Tarmoq ilovalari dasturchisi
|-
| SSD9 || Dasturiy ta’minotni spetsifikatsiya qilish, testlash va qo‘llab-quvvatlash || Katta dasturchi
|-
| SSD10 || Dasturiy loyihalarni tashkil etish va boshqarish ||  Dasturiy loyiha menejeri
|}

=== O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari ===
'''O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari''' — abituriyentlarning dasturlash bo‘yicha boshlang‘ich bilimlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, asosiy maqsadlari:
* abituriyentlarni Java dasturlash tilida ishlashga o‘rgatish
* obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash (OOP) zamonaviy yondashuvlarini o‘rgatish
* animatsiya, ovoz va klaviatura orqali boshqariladigan ilovalar yaratishni o‘rgatish
* iCarnegie sertifikatlarini berish (IITUga kirishda hisobga olinadi)
* qiziqarli loyihalarda ishlash imkonini yaratish
* AQShdan kelgan faxriy professorlardan xalqaro standartlar asosida ta’lim olish imkonini berish
* o‘yinli veb-sahifalar yaratishni o‘rgatish

== Xalqaro hamkorlik ==
Universitetning xalqaro hamkorligi quyidagilar orqali amalga oshiriladi: ta’lim tizimini xalqaro standartlarga moslashtirish, professor-o‘qituvchilar malakasini oshirish, yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etish va xorijiy universitetlar bilan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri shartnomalar asosida hamkorlik qilish.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! № !! Nomi !! Sana
|-
| 1 || [[Arkansas State University]] bilan memorandum || 5 yanvar 2011
|-
| 2 || [[London Academy of Management Sciences]] bilan memorandum || 1 aprel 2011
|-
| 3 || [[ITMO University|Sankt-Peterburg IT, mexanika va optika universiteti]] bilan shartnoma || 26 mart 2010
|-
| 4 || [[University Teknikal Mara|University Teknikal Mara SDN BHD]] bilan memorandum || 2 mart 2010
|-
| 5 || Transport va telekommunikatsiya instituti bilan shartnoma || 15 mart 2010
|-
| 6 || [[Universiti Tenaga Nasional]] bilan memorandum || mart, 2010
|-
| 7 || [[Prague Development Center]] bilan hamkorlik memorandumi || 22 dekabr 2010
|-
| 8 || ALSI (Qozog‘iston) bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 9 || [[Microsoft]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 10 || [[CISCO]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 11 || Alatau IT City Management bilan shartnoma || 24 sentabr 2009
|-
| 12 || Orient Lab, CISCO mintaqaviy akademiyasi bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 13 || JSC NIT bilan memorandum || 16 iyul 2009
|-
| 14 || Riga IT tizimlari boshqaruvi oliy maktabi bilan memorandum || 15 sentabr 2009
|-
| 15 || iCarnegie bilan shartnoma || 9 may 2009
|}

== Laboratoriya ==

=== Huawei bulutli hisoblash laboratoriyasi ===
'''[[Huawei]] Cloud Computing of Innogrid''' — 2011-yil 9-avgustda Huawei kompaniyasi, &quot;Zerde&quot; AKT xoldingi va Xalqaro IT universiteti hamkorligida ochilgan. Laboratoriyaning asosiy maqsadi — [[cloud computing]], [[open system (computing)|ochiq tizimlar]] va [[open source]] texnologiyalarini o‘rganish.

=== Apple o‘quv markazi ===
'''iOS ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — kurs [[Objective-C]] dasturlash tili va iOS qurilmalar uchun ilova yaratishni o‘rgatadi. Kurs oxirida talabalar [[iPhone]], [[iPad]] va boshqa [[IOS|qurilmalar]] uchun dasturlar yaratish hamda [[Xcode]] muhitida ishlashni biladi.

'''Mac OS X ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — talabalarni Mac OS X operatsion tizimi uchun dasturlar yaratishga o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa Framework]] va Objective-C ishlatiladi.

'''Advanced Apple Development''' — [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] texnologiyalari asosida chuqurlashtirilgan dasturlashni o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[WebKit]], [[ParseKit]], [[RestKit]] va boshqa [[framework]]lar bilan ishlash ham o‘rganiladi.

'''Microsoft laboratoriyasi''' —

== Ijtimoiy loyihalar ==
'''Hackday Almaty 2011''' — 2011-yil 29–30-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan IT tadbir bo‘lib, 500 dan ortiq tinglovchi va 396 ishtirokchi qatnashgan.

'''Hackday Almaty 2012''' — 2012-yil 28–29-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan bo‘lib, 800 dan ortiq ishtirokchilar qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |title=Participants of HackDay#22 |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629215308/http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |archive-date=2012-06-29 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Boshqaruv ==
* Rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Vitse-rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Marketing va PR direktori — Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna

== Universitet hamkorlari ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
File:Cisco logo.svg|:«[[Cisco Systems]]»
File:Microsoft.svg|«[[Microsoft Corporation]]»
File:LUCT worldwide 2009.svg|[[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology|LUCT Worldwide]]
File:IBM logo.svg|[[International Business Machines]]
File:Apple logo black.svg|[[Apple Inc.]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}
*''Ushbu maqoladagi ma’lumotlar uning [[:kk:Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті|qozoqcha versiyasi]] asosida tayyorlangan.''

== Havolalar ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/user/freetonik2 Rakhim Davletkaliyev tomonidan Objective-C kurslari]


[[Category:2009-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:2009-yilda tashkil etilgan ta’lim muassasalari]]</text>
      <sha1>2p259f7cyfs5vnj3olyu9cw2fxblfn5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988924</id>
      <parentid>5988923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:45:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10737" sha1="tr9o45z6xd9ooh4yxfr8b3xd09ppsyo" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті&lt;br&gt;Международный университет информационных технологий
| asl_nomi_til           = kk, ru
| tasvir                 = Лого Международный Университет Информационных Технологий.jpg
| tasvir_eni             = 400px
| izoh                   = Universitet logotipi
| xalqaro_nomi           = International Information Technologies University (IITU)
| boshqa_nomi            = Xalqaro IT universiteti
| ilgarigi_nomi          = 
| shiori                 = Qozog‘istonning intellektual elitasini shakllantirish
| shiori_til             = en
| yuqorigi_belgi         = 
| yuqorigi_matn          = 
| yuqorigi_belgi1        = 
| yuqorigi_matn1         = 
| yuqorigi_belgi2        = 
| yuqorigi_matn2         = 
| turi                   = [[Public university|Davlat universiteti]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|2009}}
| yopilgan               = 
| asoschisi              = [[Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]]
| akkreditatsiya         = 
| endaumenti             = 
| byudjeti               = 
| rahbari                = 
| raisi                  = 
| kansleri               = 
| prezidenti             = Erlan Kenzhegalievich Sagadiyev
| vitse-prezident        = 
| vitse-kansleri         = 
| provosti               = 
| rektori                = Isakhov Asylbek Abdiashimovich
| direktori              = 
| dekani                 = 
| rahbar_turi1           = Marketing va PR direktori
| rahbar1                = Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna
| fakultet               = 
| xodimlar_tarkibi       =
| talabalari             =  
| bakalavriat            = 
| magistratura           = 
| aspirantura            = 
| doktorantura           =  
| akademiklari           =  
| doktorlari             =  
| professorlari          =  
| oʻqituvchilari         =  
| manzili                = Manas ko‘chasi 34A
| shahar                 = [[Almati]]
| viloyat                = 
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| pochta_indeksi         = 050000—050063
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.23518|76.90994|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| kampusi                = 
| tili                   = Ingliz tili
| belgi                  = 
| matn                   = 
| belgi1                 = 
| matn1                  = 
| belgi2                 = 
| matn2                  = 
| ranglari               = 
| laqabi                 = 
| maskoti                = 
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|iitu.edu.kz}}
| logotip                = 
| logotip_eni            = 
| logotip_alt            = 
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| map_size               = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}
'''Xalqaro IT universiteti''' yoki '''Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti''' ({{langx|kk|Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті}}, ''Halyqaralyq aqparattyq tehnologııalar ýnıversıteti'') — 2009-yilda [[iCarnegie]] ta’lim tashkiloti bilan yaqin hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan bo‘lib, u Amerika IT universiteti [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]] vakili hisoblanadi va [[President of Kazakhstan|Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]] buyrug‘i asosida ochilgan. Ushbu oliy ta’lim muassasasining tashkil etilishidan maqsad — Qozog‘istonda xalqaro darajada tan olingan malakali IT mutaxassislarini tayyorlashdir. Universitet [[Qozog‘iston hukumati]] va milliy infokommunikatsiya kompaniyalari grantlari bilan ta’minlangan bo‘lib, ta’lim dasturlari Qozog‘iston va AQSh ta’lim tizimlarini qamrab oladi&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.linkedin.com/company/international-information-technologies-university International Information Technologies University]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Universitetda ta’lim ingliz tilida olib boriladi&lt;ref&gt;[https://abiturients.kz/kazahstansko-britanskij-tehnicheskij-universitet/ KBTUda ta’lim ]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Akademik faoliyat ==

=== Bakalavriat yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Kompyuter fanlari
#IT sohasida menejment
#IT sohasida moliya
#Elektron jurnalistika
#Radiotexnika, elektronika va telekommunikatsiya
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

=== Magistratura yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Loyihalarni boshqarish
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

== iCarnegie kurslari ==
Xalqaro IT universitetida ta’lim [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]]ning sho‘ba korxonasi bo‘lgan iCarnegie dasturlari asosida olib boriladi.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Kurs !! Modul nomi !! 	O‘qishdan keyingi malaka
|-
| SSD1 || Axborot tizimlariga kirish || Veb-ilovalar dasturchisi
|-
| SSD2 || Kompyuter tizimlariga kirish ||  Veb qo‘llab-quvvatlash mutaxassisi
|-
| SSD3 || Obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash va dizayn  || Junior Java dasturchi
|-
| SSD4 || Foydalanuvchiga yo‘naltirilgan dizayn va testlash || Interfeys dasturchisi
|-
| SSD5 || Ma’lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlar ||  C++ dasturchi
|-
| SSD6 || Tizim darajasidagi dasturlash || Tizim dasturchisi
|-
| SSD7 || Ma’lumotlar bazasi tizimlari ||  Ma’lumotlar bazasi ishlab chiquvchisi
|-
| SSD8 || Tarmoqlar va taqsimlangan hisoblash || Tarmoq ilovalari dasturchisi
|-
| SSD9 || Dasturiy ta’minotni spetsifikatsiya qilish, testlash va qo‘llab-quvvatlash || Katta dasturchi
|-
| SSD10 || Dasturiy loyihalarni tashkil etish va boshqarish ||  Dasturiy loyiha menejeri
|}

=== O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari ===
'''O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari''' — abituriyentlarning dasturlash bo‘yicha boshlang‘ich bilimlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, asosiy maqsadlari:
* abituriyentlarni Java dasturlash tilida ishlashga o‘rgatish
* obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash (OOP) zamonaviy yondashuvlarini o‘rgatish
* animatsiya, ovoz va klaviatura orqali boshqariladigan ilovalar yaratishni o‘rgatish
* iCarnegie sertifikatlarini berish (IITUga kirishda hisobga olinadi)
* qiziqarli loyihalarda ishlash imkonini yaratish
* AQShdan kelgan faxriy professorlardan xalqaro standartlar asosida ta’lim olish imkonini berish
* o‘yinli veb-sahifalar yaratishni o‘rgatish

== Xalqaro hamkorlik ==
Universitetning xalqaro hamkorligi quyidagilar orqali amalga oshiriladi: ta’lim tizimini xalqaro standartlarga moslashtirish, professor-o‘qituvchilar malakasini oshirish, yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etish va xorijiy universitetlar bilan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri shartnomalar asosida hamkorlik qilish.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! № !! Nomi !! Sana
|-
| 1 || [[Arkansas State University]] bilan memorandum || 5 yanvar 2011
|-
| 2 || [[London Academy of Management Sciences]] bilan memorandum || 1 aprel 2011
|-
| 3 || [[ITMO University|Sankt-Peterburg IT, mexanika va optika universiteti]] bilan shartnoma || 26 mart 2010
|-
| 4 || [[University Teknikal Mara|University Teknikal Mara SDN BHD]] bilan memorandum || 2 mart 2010
|-
| 5 || Transport va telekommunikatsiya instituti bilan shartnoma || 15 mart 2010
|-
| 6 || [[Universiti Tenaga Nasional]] bilan memorandum || mart, 2010
|-
| 7 || [[Prague Development Center]] bilan hamkorlik memorandumi || 22 dekabr 2010
|-
| 8 || ALSI (Qozog‘iston) bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 9 || [[Microsoft]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 10 || [[CISCO]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 11 || Alatau IT City Management bilan shartnoma || 24 sentabr 2009
|-
| 12 || Orient Lab, CISCO mintaqaviy akademiyasi bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 13 || JSC NIT bilan memorandum || 16 iyul 2009
|-
| 14 || Riga IT tizimlari boshqaruvi oliy maktabi bilan memorandum || 15 sentabr 2009
|-
| 15 || iCarnegie bilan shartnoma || 9 may 2009
|}

== Laboratoriya ==

=== Huawei bulutli hisoblash laboratoriyasi ===
'''[[Huawei]] Cloud Computing of Innogrid''' — 2011-yil 9-avgustda Huawei kompaniyasi, &quot;Zerde&quot; AKT xoldingi va Xalqaro IT universiteti hamkorligida ochilgan. Laboratoriyaning asosiy maqsadi — [[cloud computing]], [[open system (computing)|ochiq tizimlar]] va [[open source]] texnologiyalarini o‘rganish.

=== Apple o‘quv markazi ===
'''iOS ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — kurs [[Objective-C]] dasturlash tili va iOS qurilmalar uchun ilova yaratishni o‘rgatadi. Kurs oxirida talabalar [[iPhone]], [[iPad]] va boshqa [[IOS|qurilmalar]] uchun dasturlar yaratish hamda [[Xcode]] muhitida ishlashni biladi.

'''Mac OS X ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — talabalarni Mac OS X operatsion tizimi uchun dasturlar yaratishga o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa Framework]] va Objective-C ishlatiladi.

'''Advanced Apple Development''' — [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] texnologiyalari asosida chuqurlashtirilgan dasturlashni o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[WebKit]], [[ParseKit]], [[RestKit]] va boshqa [[framework]]lar bilan ishlash ham o‘rganiladi.

'''Microsoft laboratoriyasi''' —

== Ijtimoiy loyihalar ==
'''Hackday Almaty 2011''' — 2011-yil 29–30-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan IT tadbir bo‘lib, 500 dan ortiq tinglovchi va 396 ishtirokchi qatnashgan.

'''Hackday Almaty 2012''' — 2012-yil 28–29-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan bo‘lib, 800 dan ortiq ishtirokchilar qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |title=Participants of HackDay#22 |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629215308/http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |archive-date=2012-06-29 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Boshqaruv ==
* Rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Vitse-rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Marketing va PR direktori — Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna

== Universitet hamkorlari ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
File:Cisco logo.svg|:«[[Cisco Systems]]»
File:Microsoft.svg|«[[Microsoft Corporation]]»
File:LUCT worldwide 2009.svg|[[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology|LUCT Worldwide]]
File:IBM logo.svg|[[International Business Machines]]
File:Apple logo black.svg|[[Apple Inc.]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}
*''Ushbu maqoladagi ma’lumotlar uning [[:kk:Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті|qozoqcha versiyasi]] asosida tayyorlangan.''

== Havolalar ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/user/freetonik2 Rakhim Davletkaliyev tomonidan Objective-C kurslari]


[[Category:2009-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:2009-yilda tashkil etilgan ta’lim muassasalari]]
[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]]</text>
      <sha1>tr9o45z6xd9ooh4yxfr8b3xd09ppsyo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988925</id>
      <parentid>5988924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:45:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Universitetlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10763" sha1="j45bh38khkgdnc2icqlhomznslamfim" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті&lt;br&gt;Международный университет информационных технологий
| asl_nomi_til           = kk, ru
| tasvir                 = Лого Международный Университет Информационных Технологий.jpg
| tasvir_eni             = 400px
| izoh                   = Universitet logotipi
| xalqaro_nomi           = International Information Technologies University (IITU)
| boshqa_nomi            = Xalqaro IT universiteti
| ilgarigi_nomi          = 
| shiori                 = Qozog‘istonning intellektual elitasini shakllantirish
| shiori_til             = en
| yuqorigi_belgi         = 
| yuqorigi_matn          = 
| yuqorigi_belgi1        = 
| yuqorigi_matn1         = 
| yuqorigi_belgi2        = 
| yuqorigi_matn2         = 
| turi                   = [[Public university|Davlat universiteti]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|2009}}
| yopilgan               = 
| asoschisi              = [[Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]]
| akkreditatsiya         = 
| endaumenti             = 
| byudjeti               = 
| rahbari                = 
| raisi                  = 
| kansleri               = 
| prezidenti             = Erlan Kenzhegalievich Sagadiyev
| vitse-prezident        = 
| vitse-kansleri         = 
| provosti               = 
| rektori                = Isakhov Asylbek Abdiashimovich
| direktori              = 
| dekani                 = 
| rahbar_turi1           = Marketing va PR direktori
| rahbar1                = Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna
| fakultet               = 
| xodimlar_tarkibi       =
| talabalari             =  
| bakalavriat            = 
| magistratura           = 
| aspirantura            = 
| doktorantura           =  
| akademiklari           =  
| doktorlari             =  
| professorlari          =  
| oʻqituvchilari         =  
| manzili                = Manas ko‘chasi 34A
| shahar                 = [[Almati]]
| viloyat                = 
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| pochta_indeksi         = 050000—050063
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.23518|76.90994|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| kampusi                = 
| tili                   = Ingliz tili
| belgi                  = 
| matn                   = 
| belgi1                 = 
| matn1                  = 
| belgi2                 = 
| matn2                  = 
| ranglari               = 
| laqabi                 = 
| maskoti                = 
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|iitu.edu.kz}}
| logotip                = 
| logotip_eni            = 
| logotip_alt            = 
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| map_size               = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}
'''Xalqaro IT universiteti''' yoki '''Xalqaro axborot texnologiyalari universiteti''' ({{langx|kk|Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті}}, ''Halyqaralyq aqparattyq tehnologııalar ýnıversıteti'') — 2009-yilda [[iCarnegie]] ta’lim tashkiloti bilan yaqin hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan bo‘lib, u Amerika IT universiteti [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]] vakili hisoblanadi va [[President of Kazakhstan|Qozog‘iston Prezidenti]] buyrug‘i asosida ochilgan. Ushbu oliy ta’lim muassasasining tashkil etilishidan maqsad — Qozog‘istonda xalqaro darajada tan olingan malakali IT mutaxassislarini tayyorlashdir. Universitet [[Qozog‘iston hukumati]] va milliy infokommunikatsiya kompaniyalari grantlari bilan ta’minlangan bo‘lib, ta’lim dasturlari Qozog‘iston va AQSh ta’lim tizimlarini qamrab oladi&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.linkedin.com/company/international-information-technologies-university International Information Technologies University]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Universitetda ta’lim ingliz tilida olib boriladi&lt;ref&gt;[https://abiturients.kz/kazahstansko-britanskij-tehnicheskij-universitet/ KBTUda ta’lim ]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Akademik faoliyat ==

=== Bakalavriat yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Kompyuter fanlari
#IT sohasida menejment
#IT sohasida moliya
#Elektron jurnalistika
#Radiotexnika, elektronika va telekommunikatsiya
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

=== Magistratura yo‘nalishlari ===
#Axborot tizimlari
#Kompyuter fanlari va dasturiy injiniring
#Loyihalarni boshqarish
#Matematik va kompyuter modellashtirish

== iCarnegie kurslari ==
Xalqaro IT universitetida ta’lim [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]]ning sho‘ba korxonasi bo‘lgan iCarnegie dasturlari asosida olib boriladi.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Kurs !! Modul nomi !! 	O‘qishdan keyingi malaka
|-
| SSD1 || Axborot tizimlariga kirish || Veb-ilovalar dasturchisi
|-
| SSD2 || Kompyuter tizimlariga kirish ||  Veb qo‘llab-quvvatlash mutaxassisi
|-
| SSD3 || Obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash va dizayn  || Junior Java dasturchi
|-
| SSD4 || Foydalanuvchiga yo‘naltirilgan dizayn va testlash || Interfeys dasturchisi
|-
| SSD5 || Ma’lumotlar tuzilmalari va algoritmlar ||  C++ dasturchi
|-
| SSD6 || Tizim darajasidagi dasturlash || Tizim dasturchisi
|-
| SSD7 || Ma’lumotlar bazasi tizimlari ||  Ma’lumotlar bazasi ishlab chiquvchisi
|-
| SSD8 || Tarmoqlar va taqsimlangan hisoblash || Tarmoq ilovalari dasturchisi
|-
| SSD9 || Dasturiy ta’minotni spetsifikatsiya qilish, testlash va qo‘llab-quvvatlash || Katta dasturchi
|-
| SSD10 || Dasturiy loyihalarni tashkil etish va boshqarish ||  Dasturiy loyiha menejeri
|}

=== O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari ===
'''O‘rta maktab dasturi kurslari''' — abituriyentlarning dasturlash bo‘yicha boshlang‘ich bilimlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, asosiy maqsadlari:
* abituriyentlarni Java dasturlash tilida ishlashga o‘rgatish
* obyektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash (OOP) zamonaviy yondashuvlarini o‘rgatish
* animatsiya, ovoz va klaviatura orqali boshqariladigan ilovalar yaratishni o‘rgatish
* iCarnegie sertifikatlarini berish (IITUga kirishda hisobga olinadi)
* qiziqarli loyihalarda ishlash imkonini yaratish
* AQShdan kelgan faxriy professorlardan xalqaro standartlar asosida ta’lim olish imkonini berish
* o‘yinli veb-sahifalar yaratishni o‘rgatish

== Xalqaro hamkorlik ==
Universitetning xalqaro hamkorligi quyidagilar orqali amalga oshiriladi: ta’lim tizimini xalqaro standartlarga moslashtirish, professor-o‘qituvchilar malakasini oshirish, yangi texnologiyalarni joriy etish va xorijiy universitetlar bilan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri shartnomalar asosida hamkorlik qilish.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! № !! Nomi !! Sana
|-
| 1 || [[Arkansas State University]] bilan memorandum || 5 yanvar 2011
|-
| 2 || [[London Academy of Management Sciences]] bilan memorandum || 1 aprel 2011
|-
| 3 || [[ITMO University|Sankt-Peterburg IT, mexanika va optika universiteti]] bilan shartnoma || 26 mart 2010
|-
| 4 || [[University Teknikal Mara|University Teknikal Mara SDN BHD]] bilan memorandum || 2 mart 2010
|-
| 5 || Transport va telekommunikatsiya instituti bilan shartnoma || 15 mart 2010
|-
| 6 || [[Universiti Tenaga Nasional]] bilan memorandum || mart, 2010
|-
| 7 || [[Prague Development Center]] bilan hamkorlik memorandumi || 22 dekabr 2010
|-
| 8 || ALSI (Qozog‘iston) bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 9 || [[Microsoft]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 10 || [[CISCO]] bilan memorandum || 12 noyabr 2009
|-
| 11 || Alatau IT City Management bilan shartnoma || 24 sentabr 2009
|-
| 12 || Orient Lab, CISCO mintaqaviy akademiyasi bilan memorandum || 21 oktyabr 2009
|-
| 13 || JSC NIT bilan memorandum || 16 iyul 2009
|-
| 14 || Riga IT tizimlari boshqaruvi oliy maktabi bilan memorandum || 15 sentabr 2009
|-
| 15 || iCarnegie bilan shartnoma || 9 may 2009
|}

== Laboratoriya ==

=== Huawei bulutli hisoblash laboratoriyasi ===
'''[[Huawei]] Cloud Computing of Innogrid''' — 2011-yil 9-avgustda Huawei kompaniyasi, &quot;Zerde&quot; AKT xoldingi va Xalqaro IT universiteti hamkorligida ochilgan. Laboratoriyaning asosiy maqsadi — [[cloud computing]], [[open system (computing)|ochiq tizimlar]] va [[open source]] texnologiyalarini o‘rganish.

=== Apple o‘quv markazi ===
'''iOS ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — kurs [[Objective-C]] dasturlash tili va iOS qurilmalar uchun ilova yaratishni o‘rgatadi. Kurs oxirida talabalar [[iPhone]], [[iPad]] va boshqa [[IOS|qurilmalar]] uchun dasturlar yaratish hamda [[Xcode]] muhitida ishlashni biladi.

'''Mac OS X ilovalarini ishlab chiqish''' — talabalarni Mac OS X operatsion tizimi uchun dasturlar yaratishga o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa Framework]] va Objective-C ishlatiladi.

'''Advanced Apple Development''' — [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] texnologiyalari asosida chuqurlashtirilgan dasturlashni o‘rgatadi. Kursda [[WebKit]], [[ParseKit]], [[RestKit]] va boshqa [[framework]]lar bilan ishlash ham o‘rganiladi.

'''Microsoft laboratoriyasi''' —

== Ijtimoiy loyihalar ==
'''Hackday Almaty 2011''' — 2011-yil 29–30-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan IT tadbir bo‘lib, 500 dan ortiq tinglovchi va 396 ishtirokchi qatnashgan.

'''Hackday Almaty 2012''' — 2012-yil 28–29-aprel kunlari o‘tkazilgan bo‘lib, 800 dan ortiq ishtirokchilar qatnashgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |title=Participants of HackDay#22 |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629215308/http://hackday.ru/events/hackday-22/developers.html |archive-date=2012-06-29 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Boshqaruv ==
* Rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Vitse-rektor — Uskenbaeva Raisa Kabievna
* Marketing va PR direktori — Taykenova Mayrash Gomarovna

== Universitet hamkorlari ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
File:Cisco logo.svg|:«[[Cisco Systems]]»
File:Microsoft.svg|«[[Microsoft Corporation]]»
File:LUCT worldwide 2009.svg|[[Limkokwing University of Creative Technology|LUCT Worldwide]]
File:IBM logo.svg|[[International Business Machines]]
File:Apple logo black.svg|[[Apple Inc.]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{reflist}}
*''Ushbu maqoladagi ma’lumotlar uning [[:kk:Халықаралық ақпараттық технологиялар университеті|qozoqcha versiyasi]] asosida tayyorlangan.''

== Havolalar ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/user/freetonik2 Rakhim Davletkaliyev tomonidan Objective-C kurslari]


[[Category:2009-yilda Qozog‘istonda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:2009-yilda tashkil etilgan ta’lim muassasalari]]
[[Turkum:Taʻlim tashkilotlari]]
[[Turkum:Universitetlar]]</text>
      <sha1>j45bh38khkgdnc2icqlhomznslamfim</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364256</id>
    <redirect title="Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988929</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar (filmlar seriyasi)]] sahifasini [[Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi: -&gt; kinofranshiza</comment>
      <origin>5988929</origin>
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      <text bytes="49" sha1="5iiwf43fxx4f3vw64ij07v2w81i0wcy" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)]]</text>
      <sha1>5iiwf43fxx4f3vw64ij07v2w81i0wcy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Betaraflik yodgorligi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364257</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988930</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:55:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mupapap29</username>
        <id>201910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Bino bilgiqutisi | name             = Betaraflik yodgorligi | native_name      = {{langx|tk|Bitaraplyk binasy}} | image            = | location         = [[Turkmaniston]], [[Ashxobod]], [[Bitarap Turkmaniston shoh ko‘chasi]] | coordinates      = {{Coord|37.8822|58.3333|type:landmark_region:TM|display=title}} | completion_date  =  1998-yil | architect        = [[Polimeks]] | height           = {{Convert|95|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} }}  '''Betaraflik yodg...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6035" sha1="579hp45hfilikav96n26qeahuf9bvoe" xml:space="preserve">{{Bino bilgiqutisi
| name             = Betaraflik yodgorligi
| native_name      = {{langx|tk|Bitaraplyk binasy}}
| image            =
| location         = [[Turkmaniston]], [[Ashxobod]], [[Bitarap Turkmaniston shoh ko‘chasi]]
| coordinates      = {{Coord|37.8822|58.3333|type:landmark_region:TM|display=title}}
| completion_date  =  1998-yil
| architect        = [[Polimeks]]
| height           = {{Convert|95|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
}}

'''Betaraflik yodgorligi''' ({{langx|tk|Bitaraplyk binasy}}) — [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Ashxobod]] shahrida joylashgan [[monument]] va [[kuzatuv minorasi]] hisoblanadi. Mahalliy aholida „'''Uch oyoqli inshoot'''“ ('''Tripod''') nomi bilan mashhur boʻlgan uch ustunli arka {{convert|75|m|ft}} balandlikka ega boʻlib&lt;ref name=&quot;RFE&quot;&gt;[http://www.rferl.org/content/Turkmen_Leader_Orders_Predecessors_Statue_Removed/1932837.html Radio Free Europe: Turkmen Leader Orders Predecessor’s Statue Removed]&lt;/ref&gt;, 1998-yilda [[Turkmaniston prezidenti]] [[Saparmurod Niyozov]] topshirigʻi bilan mamlakatning rasmiy [[betaraflik]] siyosatini ifodalash maqsadida qurilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604151841/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6994416.ece The Times: 'Father of all Turkmenʼ toppled under orders of successor]&lt;/ref&gt;. Inshoot turkiyalik qurilish kompaniyasi [[Polimeks]] tomonidan taxminan 12 million AQSh dollari qiymatida bunyod etilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8466622.stm BBC News: Turkmenistan ex-leader Niyazov’s arch to be removed]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Dastlab monument Ashxobod markazida joylashgan boʻlib, u shahardagi eng baland inshootlardan biri edi va hatto yaqin atrofdagi [[Oʻgʻuzxon Prezident saroyi|Prezident saroyidan]] ham balandroq boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;/&gt;. Uning yuqori qismida balandligi {{convert|12|m|ft|adj=on}} boʻlgan, oltin bilan qoplangan [[Saparmurod Niyozov]] haykali oʻrnatilgan boʻlib, u doimo quyoshga qarab turishi uchun aylanib turadigan mexanizm bilan jihozlangan edi. Monumentda tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun panoramali kuzatuv maydonchasi mavjud boʻlib, unga ark ustunlariga oʻrnatilgan [[Qiya ko‘targich|qiya koʻtargichlar]] orqali chiqish mumkin boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;/&gt;.

2010-yilda monument demontaj qilinib, shaharning janubiy chekkasiga koʻchirildi va qayta tiklanib, hozirgi kungacha saqlanib qolgan.

== Olib tashlanishi ==
[[File:View of Ashgabat from Arch of Neutrality (41652998734).jpg|thumb|Betaraflik arkidan Ashxobod manzarasi]]

2010-yil 18-yanvarda [[Saparmurod Niyozov|Saparmurod Niyozovning]] vorisi Prezident [[Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov]] monumentni Ashxobod markazidan olib tashlash va boshqa joyga koʻchirish toʻgʻrisida farmon imzoladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FT&quot;&gt;[https://www.ft.com/content/ea282c82-045e-11df-8603-00144feabdc0 Financial Times: Turkmenistan to end personality cult]&lt;/ref&gt;. Bu inshootni koʻchirish haqidagi fikrlar avvalroq, 2008-yildayoq paydo boʻlgan boʻlsa-da, qaror faqat 2010-yilda tasdiqlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;FT&quot;/&gt;.

Rasmiy ravishda bu qaror shaharning meʼmoriy koʻrinishini yaxshilash bilan izohlangan boʻlsa-da, u koʻpincha Berdimuhamedovning shaxsga sigʻinish unsurlarini kamaytirishga qaratilgan siyosatining bir qismi sifatida baholanadi. Niyozov oʻz hukmronligi davrida koʻplab shaharlar va infratuzilma obyektlariga oʻz nomini bergan, shuningdek, „muz saroyi“ va {{convert|40|m|ft|adj=on}} balandlikdagi piramida qurdirgan. Biroq aynan ushbu monument va uning oltin haykali uning merosining eng mashhur ramzlaridan biri sifatida qaraladi&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;/&gt;.

2010-yilda Berdimuhamedov monumentni demontaj qilish va uni shaharning janubiy chekkasiga koʻchirish ishlarini [[Polimeks]] kompaniyasiga topshirdi&lt;ref name=&quot;Times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FT&quot;/&gt;. Niyazov haykali 2010-yil 26-avgustda olib tashlandi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11095257|title=Turkmenistan ex-leader Niyazov's golden statue toppled|work=BBC News Asia-Pacific|date=26 August 2010|access-date=12 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;, biroq keyinchalik monument yangi joyga koʻchirilgach, yana qayta oʻrnatildi. Hozirgi vaqtda haykal endi aylanmaydi, ammo kuzatuv maydonchasi odatda tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun ochiq boʻlib qolmoqda&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64458|title=Turkmenistan: Golden Turkmenbashi Statue is Back|date=7 November 2011|author=Catherine A. Fitzpatrick}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Taʼmirlanishi ==
2025-yil fevral oyidan boshlab [[Turkmaniston|Turkmanistonning]] [[Ashxobod]] shahridagi Betaraflik yodgorligi [[Betaraflik kuni|Turkmaniston betarafligining 30 yilligi]] hamda 2025-yilning Xalqaro tinchlik va ishonch yili deb eʼlon qilinishi munosabati bilan rekonstruksiya qilinadi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2024-03-21 |title=International Year of Peace and Trust, 2025 :: resolution /: adopted by the General Assembly |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4043298 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Loyiha doirasida atrof hudud obodonlashtiriladi, yashil hududlar barpo etiladi, transport infratuzilmasi zamonaviy texnologiyalar asosida yangilanadi hamda yoritish tizimi takomillashtiriladi. Dizaynda [[BMT bayrogʻi]] ranglariga mos elementlardan ham foydalanish rejalashtirilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Туркменистан готовится к достойной встрече 30-летия своего нейтралитета |url=https://tdh.gov.tm/ru/post/43876/turkmenistan-gotovitsya-k-dostojnoj-vstreche-30-letiya-svoego-nejtraliteta-2 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=tdh.gov.tm}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Galereya ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
10000 manat. Türkmenistan, 2000 b.jpg|10000 [[Turkmaniston manati|manat]]
5 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg|5 [[Turkmaniston manati|manat]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130627164016/http://www.polimeks.com/eng/UstyapiTarafsizlikAniti.aspx The Neutrality Monument — Polimeks]

[[Turkum:Turkmaniston meʼmoriy yodgorliklari]]</text>
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    <title>Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <redirect title="Transformers (kinofranshiza)" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988932</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:55:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar (kinofranshiza)]] sahifasini [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi: -&gt; Transformers</comment>
      <origin>5988932</origin>
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      <text bytes="47" sha1="3f74vi68h6fmsq2o51cajlcacxiw64k" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]</text>
      <sha1>3f74vi68h6fmsq2o51cajlcacxiw64k</sha1>
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    <title>Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364259</id>
    <redirect title="„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988936</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T08:59:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar filmlar seriyasidagi aktyorlar roʻyxati]] sahifasini [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988936</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" sha1="bvfc8nfp9zxfuqqmpmznlhq5v9ojud9" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati]]</text>
      <sha1>bvfc8nfp9zxfuqqmpmznlhq5v9ojud9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Transformers kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:00:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5988937</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" sha1="bvfc8nfp9zxfuqqmpmznlhq5v9ojud9" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati]]</text>
      <sha1>bvfc8nfp9zxfuqqmpmznlhq5v9ojud9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364261</id>
    <redirect title="„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988939</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:00:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5988939</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" sha1="bvfc8nfp9zxfuqqmpmznlhq5v9ojud9" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[„Transformers“ kinofranshizasi personajlari roʻyxati]]</text>
      <sha1>bvfc8nfp9zxfuqqmpmznlhq5v9ojud9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andoza:Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1364262</id>
    <redirect title="Andoza:Transformers (kinofranshiza)" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988956</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:41:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan [[Andoza:Transformerlar filmlar seriyasi]] sahifasini [[Andoza:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]ga koʻchirdi</comment>
      <origin>5988956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="eke90mbfync1dzc888o78hh8bafzl3u" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Andoza:Transformers (kinofranshiza)]]</text>
      <sha1>eke90mbfync1dzc888o78hh8bafzl3u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364263</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988960</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:53:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5988960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4701" sha1="q9i8iwesaqm291da05klixromihbhdh" xml:space="preserve">
{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = Kazakh National Agrarian University
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAU
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti; Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti
| shiori                 = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|1929}}
| rektori                = Tilektes Espolov
| xodimlar_tarkibi       = 1,086
| manzili                = Abay prospekti, 8
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.2419|76.9519|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|kaznaru.edu.kz}}
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}

'''Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti''' ({{Langx|kk|Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті|Qazaq ūlttyq agrarlyq universitetı}}) — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]]dagi yetakchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridan biri bo‘lib, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasi uchun mutaxassislar tayyorlaydi.

== Tarix ==

=== Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti ===
1929-yilda '''Veterinariya instituti''' tashkil etildi. Unda veterinariya shifokorlari va keng profilli zoolog-muhandislar tayyorlangan. Keyinchalik institut Veterinariya-zootehnika institutiga aylantirildi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=267–268|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1933-yilda u '''Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti''' (AZVI) deb nomlandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Немного истории|url=http://kaznau.kz/web_ru/index.php?option=com_content|access-date=2020-09-26|website=kaznau.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida institutning 206 nafar talabasi va xodimi frontga ko‘ngilli bo‘lib ketgan. Ulardan biri — Alikbay Qosaev va bitiruvchi Erdenbek Nietqaliev [[Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni]] unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=472–473|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1979-yilda institut [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan. 1981–1982-yillarda institutda 5 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil olgan, 314 nafar o‘qituvchi ishlagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti ===
[[File:На фоне Т-4А.jpg|thumb|Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti talabalari, 1991-yil]]

1930-yilda '''Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti''' tashkil etildi. Dastlab 2 ta fakultet, 11 ta kafedra mavjud bo‘lib, 131 talaba va 42 o‘qituvchi faoliyat yuritgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

1933-yilda birinchi bitiruv bo‘lib, 78 kishi oliy ma’lumot olgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida 30 ga yaqin o‘qituvchi frontga ketgan. 1950-yilda institutda 6 fakultet faoliyat ko‘rsatgan va 5 yillik o‘qish tizimi joriy etilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

1970-yilda 11 284 talaba tahsil olgan. 1971-yilda institut yana [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan.

=== Birlashish va hozirgi davr ===
1996-yilda Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti va Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti birlashtirilib, '''Qozoq davlat agrar universiteti''' tashkil etildi. Uning rektori etib akademik [[Kenzhegali Sagadiyev]] tayinlangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

2001-yilda [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] farmoni bilan universitetga milliy oliy ta’lim muassasasi maqomi berildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Fakultetlar ==
* Agrobiologiya va fitosanitariya fakulteti
* Texnologiya va bioresurslar fakulteti
* Veterinariya fakulteti
* O‘rmon xo‘jaligi, yer resurslari va bog‘dorchilik fakulteti
* Gidromelioratsiya va biznes fakulteti
* Muhandislik fakulteti

== Kampus ==
[[File:Казахский национальный аграрный университет (Алматы) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Universitet kampusi]]

Universitetning asosiy binosi 1934 va 1954-yillarda ikki bosqichda qurilgan. Arxitekturasi klassik uslubda bo‘lib, milliy bezak elementlariga ega.

2000-yillar boshida bino rekonstruksiya qilingan.

2010-yilda bino Olmaota shahrining mahalliy ahamiyatga ega tarixiy yodgorliklari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1929-yilda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:Olmaotadagi ta’lim]]
[[Category:Agrar universitetlar]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988961</id>
      <parentid>5988960</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:53:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5988961</origin>
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{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = Kazakh National Agrarian University
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAU
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti; Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti
| shiori                 = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|1929}}
| rektori                = Tilektes Espolov
| xodimlar_tarkibi       = 1,086
| manzili                = Abay prospekti, 8
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.2419|76.9519|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|kaznaru.edu.kz}}
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}

'''Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti''' ({{Langx|kk|Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті|Qazaq ūlttyq agrarlyq universitetı}}) — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]]dagi yetakchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridan biri bo‘lib, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasi uchun mutaxassislar tayyorlaydi.

== Tarix ==

=== Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti ===
1929-yilda '''Veterinariya instituti''' tashkil etildi. Unda veterinariya shifokorlari va keng profilli zoolog-muhandislar tayyorlangan. Keyinchalik institut Veterinariya-zootehnika institutiga aylantirildi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=267–268|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1933-yilda u '''Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti''' (AZVI) deb nomlandi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Немного истории|url=http://kaznau.kz/web_ru/index.php?option=com_content|access-date=2020-09-26|website=kaznau.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida institutning 206 nafar talabasi va xodimi frontga ko‘ngilli bo‘lib ketgan. Ulardan biri — Alikbay Qosaev va bitiruvchi Erdenbek Nietqaliev [[Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni]] unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=472–473|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1979-yilda institut [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan. 1981–1982-yillarda institutda 5 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil olgan, 314 nafar o‘qituvchi ishlagan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti ===
[[File:На фоне Т-4А.jpg|thumb|Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti talabalari, 1991-yil]]

1930-yilda '''Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti''' tashkil etildi. Dastlab 2 ta fakultet, 11 ta kafedra mavjud bo‘lib, 131 talaba va 42 o‘qituvchi faoliyat yuritgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

1933-yilda birinchi bitiruv bo‘lib, 78 kishi oliy ma’lumot olgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida 30 ga yaqin o‘qituvchi frontga ketgan. 1950-yilda institutda 6 fakultet faoliyat ko‘rsatgan va 5 yillik o‘qish tizimi joriy etilgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

1970-yilda 11 284 talaba tahsil olgan. 1971-yilda institut yana [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan.

=== Birlashish va hozirgi davr ===
1996-yilda Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti va Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti birlashtirilib, '''Qozoq davlat agrar universiteti''' tashkil etildi. Uning rektori etib akademik [[Kenzhegali Sagadiyev]] tayinlangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

2001-yilda [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] farmoni bilan universitetga milliy oliy ta’lim muassasasi maqomi berildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Fakultetlar ==
* Agrobiologiya va fitosanitariya fakulteti
* Texnologiya va bioresurslar fakulteti
* Veterinariya fakulteti
* O‘rmon xo‘jaligi, yer resurslari va bog‘dorchilik fakulteti
* Gidromelioratsiya va biznes fakulteti
* Muhandislik fakulteti

== Kampus ==
[[File:Казахский национальный аграрный университет (Алматы) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Universitet kampusi]]

Universitetning asosiy binosi 1934 va 1954-yillarda ikki bosqichda qurilgan. Arxitekturasi klassik uslubda bo‘lib, milliy bezak elementlariga ega.

2000-yillar boshida bino rekonstruksiya qilingan.

2010-yilda bino Olmaota shahrining mahalliy ahamiyatga ega tarixiy yodgorliklari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1929-yilda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:Olmaotadagi ta’lim]]
[[Category:Agrar universitetlar]]</text>
      <sha1>6m0dw8qz2mc94ubzx4zflrrdapbptbx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5989001</id>
      <parentid>5988961</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:22:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>5989001</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4708" sha1="rs3piy8dejrh2ke86tyaj69k2ttbuqf" xml:space="preserve">{{thr}}
{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = Kazakh National Agrarian University
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAU
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti; Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti
| shiori                 = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|1929}}
| rektori                = Tilektes Espolov
| xodimlar_tarkibi       = 1,086
| manzili                = Abay prospekti, 8
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.2419|76.9519|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|kaznaru.edu.kz}}
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}

'''Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti''' ({{Langx|kk|Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті|Qazaq ūlttyq agrarlyq universitetı}}) — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]]dagi yetakchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridan biri bo‘lib, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasi uchun mutaxassislar tayyorlaydi.

== Tarix ==

=== Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti ===
1929-yilda '''Veterinariya instituti''' tashkil etildi. Unda veterinariya shifokorlari va keng profilli zoolog-muhandislar tayyorlangan. Keyinchalik institut Veterinariya-zootehnika institutiga aylantirildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=267–268|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1933-yilda u '''Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti''' (AZVI) deb nomlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Немного истории|url=http://kaznau.kz/web_ru/index.php?option=com_content|access-date=2020-09-26|website=kaznau.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida institutning 206 nafar talabasi va xodimi frontga ko‘ngilli bo‘lib ketgan. Ulardan biri — Alikbay Qosaev va bitiruvchi Erdenbek Nietqaliev [[Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni]] unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=472–473|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1979-yilda institut [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan. 1981–1982-yillarda institutda 5 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil olgan, 314 nafar o‘qituvchi ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

=== Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti ===
[[File:На фоне Т-4А.jpg|thumb|Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti talabalari, 1991-yil]]

1930-yilda '''Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti''' tashkil etildi. Dastlab 2 ta fakultet, 11 ta kafedra mavjud bo‘lib, 131 talaba va 42 o‘qituvchi faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1933-yilda birinchi bitiruv bo‘lib, 78 kishi oliy ma’lumot olgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida 30 ga yaqin o‘qituvchi frontga ketgan. 1950-yilda institutda 6 fakultet faoliyat ko‘rsatgan va 5 yillik o‘qish tizimi joriy etilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1970-yilda 11 284 talaba tahsil olgan. 1971-yilda institut yana [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan.

=== Birlashish va hozirgi davr ===
1996-yilda Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti va Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti birlashtirilib, '''Qozoq davlat agrar universiteti''' tashkil etildi. Uning rektori etib akademik [[Kenzhegali Sagadiyev]] tayinlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yilda [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] farmoni bilan universitetga milliy oliy ta’lim muassasasi maqomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Agrobiologiya va fitosanitariya fakulteti
* Texnologiya va bioresurslar fakulteti
* Veterinariya fakulteti
* O‘rmon xo‘jaligi, yer resurslari va bog‘dorchilik fakulteti
* Gidromelioratsiya va biznes fakulteti
* Muhandislik fakulteti

== Kampus ==
[[File:Казахский национальный аграрный университет (Алматы) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Universitet kampusi]]

Universitetning asosiy binosi 1934 va 1954-yillarda ikki bosqichda qurilgan. Arxitekturasi klassik uslubda bo‘lib, milliy bezak elementlariga ega.

2000-yillar boshida bino rekonstruksiya qilingan.

2010-yilda bino Olmaota shahrining mahalliy ahamiyatga ega tarixiy yodgorliklari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1929-yilda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:Olmaotadagi ta’lim]]
[[Category:Agrar universitetlar]]</text>
      <sha1>rs3piy8dejrh2ke86tyaj69k2ttbuqf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5989002</id>
      <parentid>5989001</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:23:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Universitetlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5989002</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4734" sha1="jsvwln3nf68cvyarsk8ahpi8teud0mt" xml:space="preserve">{{thr}}
{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = Kazakh National Agrarian University
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAU
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti; Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti
| shiori                 = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|1929}}
| rektori                = Tilektes Espolov
| xodimlar_tarkibi       = 1,086
| manzili                = Abay prospekti, 8
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.2419|76.9519|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|kaznaru.edu.kz}}
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}

'''Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti''' ({{Langx|kk|Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті|Qazaq ūlttyq agrarlyq universitetı}}) — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]]dagi yetakchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridan biri bo‘lib, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasi uchun mutaxassislar tayyorlaydi.

== Tarix ==

=== Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti ===
1929-yilda '''Veterinariya instituti''' tashkil etildi. Unda veterinariya shifokorlari va keng profilli zoolog-muhandislar tayyorlangan. Keyinchalik institut Veterinariya-zootehnika institutiga aylantirildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=267–268|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1933-yilda u '''Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti''' (AZVI) deb nomlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Немного истории|url=http://kaznau.kz/web_ru/index.php?option=com_content|access-date=2020-09-26|website=kaznau.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida institutning 206 nafar talabasi va xodimi frontga ko‘ngilli bo‘lib ketgan. Ulardan biri — Alikbay Qosaev va bitiruvchi Erdenbek Nietqaliev [[Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni]] unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=472–473|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1979-yilda institut [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan. 1981–1982-yillarda institutda 5 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil olgan, 314 nafar o‘qituvchi ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

=== Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti ===
[[File:На фоне Т-4А.jpg|thumb|Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti talabalari, 1991-yil]]

1930-yilda '''Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti''' tashkil etildi. Dastlab 2 ta fakultet, 11 ta kafedra mavjud bo‘lib, 131 talaba va 42 o‘qituvchi faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1933-yilda birinchi bitiruv bo‘lib, 78 kishi oliy ma’lumot olgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida 30 ga yaqin o‘qituvchi frontga ketgan. 1950-yilda institutda 6 fakultet faoliyat ko‘rsatgan va 5 yillik o‘qish tizimi joriy etilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1970-yilda 11 284 talaba tahsil olgan. 1971-yilda institut yana [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan.

=== Birlashish va hozirgi davr ===
1996-yilda Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti va Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti birlashtirilib, '''Qozoq davlat agrar universiteti''' tashkil etildi. Uning rektori etib akademik [[Kenzhegali Sagadiyev]] tayinlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yilda [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] farmoni bilan universitetga milliy oliy ta’lim muassasasi maqomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Agrobiologiya va fitosanitariya fakulteti
* Texnologiya va bioresurslar fakulteti
* Veterinariya fakulteti
* O‘rmon xo‘jaligi, yer resurslari va bog‘dorchilik fakulteti
* Gidromelioratsiya va biznes fakulteti
* Muhandislik fakulteti

== Kampus ==
[[File:Казахский национальный аграрный университет (Алматы) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Universitet kampusi]]

Universitetning asosiy binosi 1934 va 1954-yillarda ikki bosqichda qurilgan. Arxitekturasi klassik uslubda bo‘lib, milliy bezak elementlariga ega.

2000-yillar boshida bino rekonstruksiya qilingan.

2010-yilda bino Olmaota shahrining mahalliy ahamiyatga ega tarixiy yodgorliklari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1929-yilda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:Olmaotadagi ta’lim]]
[[Category:Agrar universitetlar]]
[[Turkum:Universitetlar]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Turkum:Taʼlim]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = Kazakh National Agrarian University
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAU
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti; Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti
| shiori                 = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|1929}}
| rektori                = Tilektes Espolov
| xodimlar_tarkibi       = 1,086
| manzili                = Abay prospekti, 8
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.2419|76.9519|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|kaznaru.edu.kz}}
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}

'''Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti''' ({{Langx|kk|Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті|Qazaq ūlttyq agrarlyq universitetı}}) — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]]dagi yetakchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridan biri bo‘lib, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasi uchun mutaxassislar tayyorlaydi.

== Tarix ==

=== Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti ===
1929-yilda '''Veterinariya instituti''' tashkil etildi. Unda veterinariya shifokorlari va keng profilli zoolog-muhandislar tayyorlangan. Keyinchalik institut Veterinariya-zootehnika institutiga aylantirildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=267–268|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1933-yilda u '''Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti''' (AZVI) deb nomlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Немного истории|url=http://kaznau.kz/web_ru/index.php?option=com_content|access-date=2020-09-26|website=kaznau.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida institutning 206 nafar talabasi va xodimi frontga ko‘ngilli bo‘lib ketgan. Ulardan biri — Alikbay Qosaev va bitiruvchi Erdenbek Nietqaliev [[Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni]] unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=472–473|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1979-yilda institut [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan. 1981–1982-yillarda institutda 5 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil olgan, 314 nafar o‘qituvchi ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

=== Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti ===
[[File:На фоне Т-4А.jpg|thumb|Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti talabalari, 1991-yil]]

1930-yilda '''Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti''' tashkil etildi. Dastlab 2 ta fakultet, 11 ta kafedra mavjud bo‘lib, 131 talaba va 42 o‘qituvchi faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1933-yilda birinchi bitiruv bo‘lib, 78 kishi oliy ma’lumot olgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida 30 ga yaqin o‘qituvchi frontga ketgan. 1950-yilda institutda 6 fakultet faoliyat ko‘rsatgan va 5 yillik o‘qish tizimi joriy etilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1970-yilda 11 284 talaba tahsil olgan. 1971-yilda institut yana [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan.

=== Birlashish va hozirgi davr ===
1996-yilda Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti va Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti birlashtirilib, '''Qozoq davlat agrar universiteti''' tashkil etildi. Uning rektori etib akademik [[Kenzhegali Sagadiyev]] tayinlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yilda [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] farmoni bilan universitetga milliy oliy ta’lim muassasasi maqomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Agrobiologiya va fitosanitariya fakulteti
* Texnologiya va bioresurslar fakulteti
* Veterinariya fakulteti
* O‘rmon xo‘jaligi, yer resurslari va bog‘dorchilik fakulteti
* Gidromelioratsiya va biznes fakulteti
* Muhandislik fakulteti

== Kampus ==
[[File:Казахский национальный аграрный университет (Алматы) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Universitet kampusi]]

Universitetning asosiy binosi 1934 va 1954-yillarda ikki bosqichda qurilgan. Arxitekturasi klassik uslubda bo‘lib, milliy bezak elementlariga ega.

2000-yillar boshida bino rekonstruksiya qilingan.

2010-yilda bino Olmaota shahrining mahalliy ahamiyatga ega tarixiy yodgorliklari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1929-yilda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:Olmaotadagi ta’lim]]
[[Category:Agrar universitetlar]]
[[Turkum:Universitetlar]]
[[Turkum:Taʼlim]]</text>
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        <id>105908</id>
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{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti
| asl_nomi               = Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = Kazakh National Agrarian University
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAU
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti; Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti
| shiori                 = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = {{start date|1929}}
| rektori                = Tilektes Espolov
| xodimlar_tarkibi       = 1,086
| manzili                = Abay prospekti, 8
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| koordinatalari         = {{koord|43.2419|76.9519|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| veb-sayti              = {{URL|kaznaru.edu.kz}}
| pushpin_map            = Kazakhstan
| pushpin_map_caption    = Qozog‘istondagi joylashuvi
}}

'''Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti''' ({{Langx|kk|Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университеті|Qazaq ūlttyq agrarlyq universitetı}}) — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]]dagi yetakchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridan biri bo‘lib, qishloq xo‘jaligi sohasi uchun mutaxassislar tayyorlaydi.

== Tarix ==

=== Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti ===
1929-yilda '''Veterinariya instituti''' tashkil etildi. Unda veterinariya shifokorlari va keng profilli zoolog-muhandislar tayyorlangan. Keyinchalik institut Veterinariya-zootehnika institutiga aylantirildi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=267–268|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1933-yilda u '''Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti''' (AZVI) deb nomlandi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Немного истории|url=http://kaznau.kz/web_ru/index.php?option=com_content|access-date=2020-09-26|website=kaznau.kz|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida institutning 206 nafar talabasi va xodimi frontga ko‘ngilli bo‘lib ketgan. Ulardan biri — Alikbay Qosaev va bitiruvchi Erdenbek Nietqaliev [[Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni]] unvoniga sazovor bo‘lgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Козыбаев|first=Манаш|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия|year=1983|location=Olmaota|pages=472–473|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1979-yilda institut [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan taqdirlangan. 1981–1982-yillarda institutda 5 mingdan ortiq talaba tahsil olgan, 314 nafar o‘qituvchi ishlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

=== Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti ===
[[File:На фоне Т-4А.jpg|thumb|Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti talabalari, 1991-yil]]

1930-yilda '''Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti''' tashkil etildi. Dastlab 2 ta fakultet, 11 ta kafedra mavjud bo‘lib, 131 talaba va 42 o‘qituvchi faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1933-yilda birinchi bitiruv bo‘lib, 78 kishi oliy ma’lumot olgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]] davrida 30 ga yaqin o‘qituvchi frontga ketgan. 1950-yilda institutda 6 fakultet faoliyat ko‘rsatgan va 5 yillik o‘qish tizimi joriy etilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

1970-yilda 11 284 talaba tahsil olgan. 1971-yilda institut yana [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] bilan mukofotlangan.

=== Birlashish va hozirgi davr ===
1996-yilda Olmaota zooveterinariya instituti va Qozoq qishloq xo‘jaligi instituti birlashtirilib, '''Qozoq davlat agrar universiteti''' tashkil etildi. Uning rektori etib akademik [[Kenzhegali Sagadiyev]] tayinlangan&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yilda [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] farmoni bilan universitetga milliy oliy ta’lim muassasasi maqomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Agrobiologiya va fitosanitariya fakulteti
* Texnologiya va bioresurslar fakulteti
* Veterinariya fakulteti
* O‘rmon xo‘jaligi, yer resurslari va bog‘dorchilik fakulteti
* Gidromelioratsiya va biznes fakulteti
* Muhandislik fakulteti

== Kampus ==
[[File:Казахский национальный аграрный университет (Алматы) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Universitet kampusi]]

Universitetning asosiy binosi 1934 va 1954-yillarda ikki bosqichda qurilgan. Arxitekturasi klassik uslubda bo‘lib, milliy bezak elementlariga ega.

2000-yillar boshida bino rekonstruksiya qilingan.

2010-yilda bino Olmaota shahrining mahalliy ahamiyatga ega tarixiy yodgorliklari ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1929-yilda tashkil etilganlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]
[[Category:Olmaotadagi ta’lim]]
[[Category:Agrar universitetlar]]
[[Turkum:Universitetlar]]
[[Turkum:Taʼlim]]</text>
      <sha1>bgbrdr8213nv7bir4kbf45evfkkgrh6</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammetnazar Gapurow</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi | ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow | bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png | bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg | lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi | boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr | tugash davri...“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
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      <text bytes="10129" sha1="cxy3od7csqf4hdb11msyrcxjrbn9zko" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}</text>
      <sha1>cxy3od7csqf4hdb11msyrcxjrbn9zko</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988963</id>
      <parentid>5988962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:55:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10167" sha1="tiopu8ull59mt4unnfhhebt62k89jat" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]</text>
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      <id>5988964</id>
      <parentid>5988963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:56:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988964</origin>
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      <text bytes="10215" sha1="m196ndrhfebfo5hjgkb5y6pa1o4v8yt" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:56:42Z</timestamp>
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        <id>72834</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="10282" sha1="9g4oqcamsnw15ynvwxi4kwmr8f9v25n" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>9g4oqcamsnw15ynvwxi4kwmr8f9v25n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988966</id>
      <parentid>5988965</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:56:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10349" sha1="f9bgw72xe26b4cm7j6zgw85r2zm03fn" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>f9bgw72xe26b4cm7j6zgw85r2zm03fn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988967</id>
      <parentid>5988966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:57:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988967</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10416" sha1="7wm3gefk3135jg738n7okhxrcmoc271" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:57:26Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="10483" sha1="h3xjgunquhdzmtrr6lm20wabct4wz4w" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>h3xjgunquhdzmtrr6lm20wabct4wz4w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988969</id>
      <parentid>5988968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:57:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10523" sha1="lvrq8ty3fvz8yw9yi9xjmflmtc23d34" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>lvrq8ty3fvz8yw9yi9xjmflmtc23d34</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988970</id>
      <parentid>5988969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:57:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10564" sha1="b20lbn7fitbpra4t960sm2pla475s3h" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>b20lbn7fitbpra4t960sm2pla475s3h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988971</id>
      <parentid>5988970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:58:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:KPSS XXIV syezdi delegatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10604" sha1="ja0e6knbuwn219egvv22ylv5qs8jbmc" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIV syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>ja0e6knbuwn219egvv22ylv5qs8jbmc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988972</id>
      <parentid>5988971</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:58:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:KPSS XXV syezdi delegatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
      <origin>5988972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10643" sha1="2draiwjty7hrw2wsfbb1w4o7wjfebt0" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXV syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>2draiwjty7hrw2wsfbb1w4o7wjfebt0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5988973</id>
      <parentid>5988972</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T09:58:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[Turkum:KPSS XXVI syezdi delegatlari]] qoʻshildi ([[VP:HOTCAT|HotCat]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="10683" sha1="0gkie5m6jgw92pvux5feumamxjldqfq" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dsatlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil), besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust), [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXVI syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988976</id>
      <parentid>5988973</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:01:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <text bytes="11112" sha1="9ic9mts54ts4oj46pnnajtazmquz7ss" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Xizmat yillari
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://centrasia.org/person.php?st=1013880075 |sarlavha=ГАПУРОВ Мухамедназар Гапурович |arxivurl=https://centrasia.org/person.php?st=1013880075 |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=centrasia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dastlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXVI syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>9ic9mts54ts4oj46pnnajtazmquz7ss</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>5988984</id>
      <parentid>5988976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:13:11Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
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      <text bytes="11117" sha1="9jw9qpn4g966qro6rig6qjhdiphbyyk" xml:space="preserve">{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| bayroq                    = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2                   = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1974–1991), Flag of Turkmenistan (1991–1992).svg
| lavozim                   = Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi
| boshlanish davri          = 1969-yil 24-dekabr
| tugash davri              = 1985-yil 21-dekabr
| avvalgisi                 = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| keyingisi                 = [[Saparmurod Niyozov]]
| lavozim_2                 = Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar sovetining raisi
| bayroq_2                  = Coat of arms of Turkmen SSR.png
| bayroq2_2                 = Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1974).svg
| boshlanish davri_2        = 1963-yil 26-mart
| tugash davri_2            = 1969-yil 25-dekabr
| avvalgisi_2               = [[Abdy Annaliýew]]
| keyingisi_2               = [[Oraz Orazmuhamedow]]
| lavozim_3                 = Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjo‘y viloyati qo‘mitasining birinchi kotibi
| bayroq_3                  = Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg
| boshlanish davri_3        = 1959-yil
| tugash davri_3            = 192-yil fevral
| avvalgisi_3               = [[Juma Koýnekow]]
| keyingisi_3               = [[Astan Işankuliýew]]
| tavallud_sanasi           = {{tugʻilgan sanasi|1922|02|15}}
| vafot sanasi              = {{vafot sanasi va yoshi|1999|07|13|1922|02|15}}
| tavallud_joyi             = Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, [[Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi]]
| vafot joyi                = Berzengi qishlogʻi, [[Kopetdogʻ etrapi]], [[Turkmaniston]]
| dafn etilgan joyi         = Ashxobod qabristoni
| kasbi                     = [[oʻqituvchi]]
| fuqaroligi                = {{SSSR}} {{TKM}}
| talaffuzi                 = Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov
| taʼlim                    = Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika instituti
| harbiy_matn1              = 1941—1944
| harbiy_blanka1            = Harbiy xizmat davri
| harbiy_blanka2            = Harbiy unvoni
| harbiy_matn2              = [[Fayl:1943tech-pf16r.png|45px|Katta serjant]]
| harbiy_blanka3            = Qatnashgan jangi
| harbiy_matn3              = [[2-jahon urushi]]
| mukofotlari               = {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Lenin ordeni}} {{Vatan urushi ordeni (1)}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni}} {{Hurmat belgisi ordeni}} {{Jasorat uchun medali (SSSR)}} {{Vladimir Ilich Lenin tavalludining 100 yilligi munosabati bilan ta’sis etilgan medal}} {{„1941-1945-yillardagi Ulugʻ Vatan urushida Germaniya ustidan qozonilgan gʻalaba uchun“ medali}} {{1941—1945-yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan urushida qozonilgan gʻalabaning yigirma yilligi medali}} {{1941-1945 yillardagi Ulug‘ Vatan Urushida qozonilgan G‘alabaning 30 yilligi medali}} {{1941-45 yil. Ulug' Vatan urushining 40-yillik g'alabasi}} {{1941-45-yil. Ulugʻ Vatan urushining 50-yillik gʻalabasi}} {{Mehnat fahriysi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 50-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 60-yilligi}} {{SSSR qurolli kuchlarini 70-yilligi}}
| unvoni                    = {{Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni}}
}}
'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow''' ({{Talaffuz|Muhamadnazar Gapurovich Gapurov}}; 1922-yil 15-fevral, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻi, Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi — 1999-yil 13-iyul, Berzengi qishlogʻi, Kopetdogʻ etrapi, Turkmaniston) — sovet hamda turkman davlat va partiya arbobi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=https://centrasia.org/person.php?st=1013880075 |sarlavha=ГАПУРОВ Мухамедназар Гапурович |arxivurl=https://centrasia.org/person.php?st=1013880075 |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026 |til=ruscha |ish=centrasia.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Turkmaniston Kommunstik partiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining birinchi kotibi (1969—1985)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР |date=28.09.2015 |website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ruscha |trans-title= |arxivurl=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/ |arxivsana=12.04.2026 |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tarjimayi holi ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow 1922-yil 15-fevralda Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi Chorjoʻy tumani, Oktyabrsk qishlogʻida (hozirgi [[Lebap viloyati|Lebap viloyatida]]) dehqon oilasida tugʻilgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Turkmanlarning ersari qabilasidan. Chorjoʻy davlat pedagogika institutini oʻqituvchilik mutaxassisligi boʻyicha sirtdan tamomlagan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1939-yilda Chorjoʻy oʻqituvchilar institutida oʻqigan. 1941-yilda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi 8 yillik maktab oʻqituvchisi. 1941-yil dekabrda harbiy xizmatga chaqirilgan. Armiyada Oʻrta Osiyo harbiy okrugi 88-alohida oʻqchi brigadasi, 1-alohida oʻqchi batareyasining avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlib xizmat qilgan. 1942-yil noyabrdan 1943-yil fevralgacha 87-alohida oʻqchi brigada, 64-alohida oʻqchi batalyoni avtomatchilar boʻlinmasi komandiri boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushida shimoli-gʻarbiy frontda jang qilgan. 1943-yil 26-fevralda oyogʻidan oʻq yeb, oʻng qoʻlidan uch marta oʻq yegan. Gospitalda davolangach, katta serjant Muhammetnazar Gapurow demobilizatsiya qilingan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1943—1944-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyatidagi „Yaxti Yel“ kolxozi qoshidagi maktabning oʻquv boʻlimi mudiri, 1944-yilda esa maktab direktori boʻlgan, 1944-yildan VKP (b), soʻngra KPSS aʼzosi. 1944-yildan partiya ishida faoliyat olib borgan, dastlab instruktor, 1945-yildan Chorjoʻy etrapi partiya qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1947-yildan Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyati Sakar etrapi qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1948—1951-yillarda Chorjoʻy viloyat komsomol qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, 1951—1955-yillarda Turkmaniston SSR LKSM Markaziy qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻyicha kotibi, 1955-yilda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining targʻibot va tashviqot boʻlimi mudiri, 1957—1959-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Chorjoʻy viloyat qoʻmitasining kotibi, 1959–1962-yillarda esa birinchi kotibi, 1962—1963-yillarda Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasi kotibi, 1963-yil 26-martdan 1969-yil 25-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston SSR Ministrlar Soveti raisi, tashqi ishlar vaziri lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzoligiga nomzod (1966—1971). KPSS Markaziy qoʻmitasi aʼzosi (1971—1986). Turkmaniston SSRdan SSSR Oliy Kengashi deputati: 6-chaqiriq Millatlar Kengashi (1962—1966)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 6 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu6AZGT?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06647.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; va 7—11-chaqiriq Ittifoq Kengashi (1966—1989)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 7 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cfu7BLY6?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06648.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 8 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6F5sCJhDi?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/06649.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 10 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6I0DggkFL?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07704.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|title=Список депутатов Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDx0gGhz?url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_SSSR/07797.asp|archive-date=12.04.2026|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. 1969-yil 24-dekabrdan 1985-yil 21-dekabrgacha Turkmaniston Kompartiyasi Markaziy qoʻmitasining 1-kotibi boʻlgan. 1985-yil dekabrda pensiyaga chiqqan&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. 1999-yil 13-iyulda Berzengi qishlogʻidagi [[Dacha|dachasida]] vafot etgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=12.04.2026 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ruscha |trans-title= |qaralgan sana=12.04.2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ashxobod shahar qabristonida dafn etilgan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://habartm.org/archives/6661|title=Последнее пристанище|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822103200/https://habartm.org/archives/6661|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mukofotlari va unvonlari ==
Muhammetnazar Gapurow [[Sotsialistik Mehnat Qahramoni]] faxriy unvoni (1981-yil)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, besh marta [[Lenin ordeni]] (1964-yil 16-mart, 1971-yil 27-avgust, 1972-yil 14-fevral, 1973-yil 10-dekabr,1982-yil 12-fevral)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;, I darajali [[Vatan urushi ordeni]] (1985-yil 11-mart)&lt;ref name=&quot;карточка40&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|title=Карточка награждённого к 40-летию Победы|author=|date=|work=ОБД «Подвиг Народа»|publisher=|access-date=12.04.2026|archive-date=12.04.2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145822/http://podvignaroda.mil.ru/?n=1512424043|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;, uch marta [[Mehnat Qizil Bayroq ordeni]] (1950-yil 28-yanvar, 1957-yil 14-fevral, 1976-yil 25-dekabr), [[„Hurmat belgisi“ ordeni]] (1948-yil 28-avgust)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, [[„Jasurlik uchun“ medali]] (1945-yil 4-may) va boshqa medallar bilan taqdirlangan.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Ashxobodda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston tashqi ishlar vazirlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 5-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 7-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 8-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:Turkmaniston SSR Oliy Sovetining 9-chaqiriq deputatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIII syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXIV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXV syezdi delegatlari]]
[[Turkum:KPSS XXVI syezdi delegatlari]]</text>
      <sha1>9jw9qpn4g966qro6rig6qjhdiphbyyk</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Muhammetnazar Gapurow</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364265</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5988977</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:02:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Humoyun Qodirov</username>
        <id>72834</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5988977</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23" sha1="bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf" xml:space="preserve">{{Turkmaniston oyligi}}</text>
      <sha1>bejkrk9x85o9lyndrpirdl4rurmjzcf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar (film)</title>
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    <id>1364266</id>
    <redirect title="Transformers (film)" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988981</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:12:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan sahifa nomini [[Transformerlar (film)]]dan [[Transformers (film)]]ga yoʻnaltirish ustidan koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="twfw20m5qjmnv5ni1tdgygy6wvmruk3" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers (film)]]</text>
      <sha1>twfw20m5qjmnv5ni1tdgygy6wvmruk3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364268</id>
    <redirect title="Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988986</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:14:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan [[Transformerlar: Razillar qasosi]] sahifasini [[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]ga koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="peyfkimdpteb82qvvxht903y0cma942" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]</text>
      <sha1>peyfkimdpteb82qvvxht903y0cma942</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364270</id>
    <redirect title="Transformers: Dark of the Moon" />
    <revision>
      <id>5988990</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:16:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan sahifa nomini [[Transformerlar: Oydagi pinhon sirlar]]dan [[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]ga yoʻnaltirish ustidan koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5988990</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49" sha1="mhpdbrm83gpcpbhqr5d0vu4y05by3aa" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]</text>
      <sha1>mhpdbrm83gpcpbhqr5d0vu4y05by3aa</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:Qozoq milliy agrar universiteti</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>1364272</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:24:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Andoza qo'shish */ yangi mavzu</comment>
      <origin>5989005</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="165" sha1="t8xqww6j8j1i8y665olp5jrjgeznfaz" xml:space="preserve">== Andoza qo'shish ==

{{Viki-bahor 2026}}

[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 10:24, 2026-yil 12-aprel (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>t8xqww6j8j1i8y665olp5jrjgeznfaz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364273</id>
    <redirect title="Transformers: The Last Knight" />
    <revision>
      <id>5989012</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:30:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Malikxan sahifa nomini [[Transformerlar: Soʻnggi ritsar]]dan [[Transformers: The Last Knight]]ga yoʻnaltirish ustidan koʻchirdi: original nomi</comment>
      <origin>5989012</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="1e4adbqn6997e7dbvdqn9ax8iq1jx81" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: The Last Knight]]</text>
      <sha1>1e4adbqn6997e7dbvdqn9ax8iq1jx81</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foydalanuvchi:Elena Bikovic i Milos Bikovic</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>1364275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5989015</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:33:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elena Bikovic i Milos Bikovic</username>
        <id>82454</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>„/ Turmush o'rtoqlar [[ Elena Bikovic ]] va Milos Bikovic to'ylarini 2021 yil 13 sentyabrda Shveytsariyada ro'yxatdan o'tkazishdi.“ yozuvi orqali yangi sahifa yaratildi</comment>
      <origin>5989015</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="129" sha1="0qcwg9pi30z0ia4v9ioa2mmvkuicq6n" xml:space="preserve">/
Turmush o'rtoqlar [[ Elena Bikovic ]] va Milos Bikovic to'ylarini 2021 yil 13 sentyabrda Shveytsariyada ro'yxatdan o'tkazishdi.</text>
      <sha1>0qcwg9pi30z0ia4v9ioa2mmvkuicq6n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5989037</id>
      <parentid>5989015</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T11:01:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elena Bikovic i Milos Bikovic</username>
        <id>82454</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tavsif</comment>
      <origin>5989037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="307" sha1="hg7u5qmswmrfgg9ghbfs3zdvdpvyrcx" xml:space="preserve">/

Turmush o'rtoqlar [[Elena Bikovic]] va Milos Bikovic to'ylarini 2021 yil 13 Sentyabrda Shveytsariyada ro'yxatdan o'tkazishdi.Uning eri Milos Bikovic mashhur aktyor, rejissyor va prodyuser.

2024-yil yanvar oyida  Elena Bikovic va Milos Bikovic juftligi o'g'il ko'rishdi va unga Vasiliy deb ism qo'yishdi.</text>
      <sha1>hg7u5qmswmrfgg9ghbfs3zdvdpvyrcx</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Bamblbi (film)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364276</id>
    <redirect title="Bumblebee (film)" />
    <revision>
      <id>5989016</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:33:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5989016</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="i0q80d2hpts2g6nwyflqxarwgr4h3ow" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Bumblebee (film)]]</text>
      <sha1>i0q80d2hpts2g6nwyflqxarwgr4h3ow</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bamblbi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364277</id>
    <redirect title="Bumblebee" />
    <revision>
      <id>5989017</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:33:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5989017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="03kkv3cdplzejmytptiqgthvvzuep62" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Bumblebee]]</text>
      <sha1>03kkv3cdplzejmytptiqgthvvzuep62</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar 2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364278</id>
    <redirect title="Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen" />
    <revision>
      <id>5989018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:35:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5989018</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="peyfkimdpteb82qvvxht903y0cma942" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]</text>
      <sha1>peyfkimdpteb82qvvxht903y0cma942</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar 3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364279</id>
    <redirect title="Transformers: Dark of the Moon" />
    <revision>
      <id>5989019</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:35:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5989019</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49" sha1="mhpdbrm83gpcpbhqr5d0vu4y05by3aa" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]</text>
      <sha1>mhpdbrm83gpcpbhqr5d0vu4y05by3aa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1364280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5989020</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:36:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Yangi maqola tarjima</comment>
      <origin>5989020</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6790" sha1="mjvqj61qgnne9y8qigocmz2wnn0c31c" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi
| asl_nomi               = Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAA
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota teatr sanʼati instituti
| shiori                 = 
| shiori_til             = 
| turi                   = [[Milliy universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = 1978
| asoschisi              = 
| rektori                = [[Azamat Satybaldy]]
| talabalari             = 
| manzili                = Panfilov ko‘chasi, 127
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| kampusi                = [[shahar hududi]]
| veb-sayti              = http://kaznai.kz/en/
}}

'''T. K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi''' ({{langx|kk|Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы}}, ''T. Q. Jürgenov atyndağy Qazaq ūlttyq öner akademiasy''; qisqartmasi '''KazNAA''') — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]] shahridagi asosiy [[teatr]], [[kino maktabi]], [[drama]] hamda [[tasviriy sanʼat]] va dizayn boʻyicha oliy taʼlim muassasasi hisoblanadi. Akademiya 1955-yilda hozirgi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq milliy konservatoriyasi]] tarkibidagi teatr fakulteti sifatida tashkil etilgan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=284&amp;lang=2 The Zhurgenov Kazakh national academy of arts]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=KZALMATY08 T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts — moveonnet]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130723104351/http://ortcom.kz/en/news/view/1019 President receives rector of T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy]&lt;/ref&gt; Akademiya [[Qozog‘iston Kommunistik partiyasi]] arbobi {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} (1898–1938) nomi bilan 1989-yilda atalgan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2191933|title=Temirbek Zhurgenov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi faoliyat yuritadi, bu talabalar ijodkorligini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga namoyish etish uchun muhim platforma hisoblanadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Международные и обменные образовательные программы|url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akademiya xalqaro taʼlim dasturlari — [[Erasmus+ dasturi|Erasmus+]], Mevlana va [[Germaniya akademik almashinuv xizmati|DAAD]] doirasida ham faoliyat yuritadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Tarix ==
[[File:1969 - panoramio - Andris Malygin (10).jpg|thumb|235x235px|Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti oʻquv binosi (1969)|left]]

Akademiya tarixi 1955-yildan boshlanadi, oʻshanda [[Qozoq SSR]] xalq artisti A. T. Tokpanov tomonidan [[Olmaota]] shahridagi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq davlat konservatoriyasi]]da teatr boʻlimi ochilgan. 1977-yilda bu boʻlim Olmaota teatr sanʼati institutiga aylantirildi. 1978-yilda teatr va sanʼat fakultetlariga ilk talabalar qabul qilindi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kaznai.kz/about/kaznai-history/|title=ИСТОРИЯ КАЗНАИ ИМЕНИ Т.К. ЖУРГЕНОВА}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1982–1983 oʻquv yilida institutda 490 talaba tahsil olgan, 95 nafar oʻqituvchi faoliyat yuritgan, ular orasida 5 professor va fan doktorlari, 7 dotsent va fan nomzodlari boʻlgan.&lt;ref name=&quot;almaty&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1989-yil 28-yanvarda institutga [[Qozog‘iston]]ning birinchi xalq maorifi komissari {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Karayevich Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} nomi berildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;

1993-yilda oliygoh Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti sifatida qayta tashkil etildi hamda kino va televideniye fakulteti ochildi. 1994-yil 22-iyunda esa xoreografiya oliy maktabi tashkil etilib, keyinchalik fakultetga aylantirildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;

2000-yilda Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti hamda Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi birlashtirilib, Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi tashkil etildi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;

2001-yil 5-iyulda [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] farmoni bilan akademiyaga „milliy oliy taʼlim muassasasi“ maqomi berildi.&lt;ref&gt;Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Prezidentining farmoni&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fakultetlar ==
* Teatr sanʼati
* Musiqa sanʼati
* Xoreografiya
* Kino, televideniye va sanʼatshunoslik
* Estrada sanʼati
* Rassomlik, haykaltaroshlik, dizayn va amaliy sanʼat

== Talabalar televideniyesi ==
Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi mavjud boʻlib, u talabalar ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga taqdim etish uchun xizmat qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/өнерарнасы/
 |title=ТЕЛЕКАНАЛ &quot;ӨНЕР&quot;
 |access-date=2026-04-12
}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Rektorlar ==
* 1975–1985 — G. A. Djanysbaeva
* 1987–1989 — Aman Kulbayev
* 1989–1991 — Ashirbek Sygay
* 1991–1994 — Esmuxan Obayev
* 1994–2000 — Ibragimov U.Sh.
* 2000–2008 — Kishkashbaev T. A.
* 2008–2014 — Arystanbek Muhamediuli
* 2014–2018 — Bibigul Nusipjanova
* 2018–2019 — Askhat Maemirov
* 2019–2021 — Akan Abdualiev
* 2021–2022 — Sharipbek Amirbek
* 2022–hozirgacha — [[Azamat Satybaldy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=MANBA_LINKI |title=Azamat Satybaldy named as rector |access-date=2026-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akademiya binosi ==
[[Qozoq SSR]] poytaxti [[Qizilo‘rda]]dan [[Olmaota]]ga koʻchirilgach, davlat organlari uchun yangi maʼmuriy markaz qurish zarurati tugʻildi. Shu sababli 1927–1931-yillarda Kirov koʻchasida (hozirgi {{Interlanguage link|Bogenbay botir ko‘chasi|ru|Улица Богенбай батыра (Алма-Ата)}}) Xalq Komissarlari Kengashi binosi qurildi. Loyihani meʼmorlar [[Moisei Ginzburg]] va {{Interlanguage link|Ignatiy Milinis|ru|Милинис, Игнатий Францевич}} ishlab chiqqan.

Bino konstruktivizm uslubida qurilgan boʻlib, Moskva meʼmorlar jamiyati tanlovida gʻolib chiqqan.

1941-yilda bino qayta rekonstruksiya qilinib, kengaytirildi. 1958-yildan keyin bino [[Sergey Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti]] ixtiyoriga oʻtkazildi.

1982-yildan boshlab bu yerda teatr va sanʼat instituti joylashdi, keyinchalik u Jurgenov nomidagi institutga aylantirildi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|43|15|6.5|N|76|56|40.3|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Olmaotadagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5989023</id>
      <parentid>5989020</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:37:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="6790" sha1="5ipi8vdxpnprwky47xeqr57klhlkzuo" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi
| asl_nomi               = Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAA
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota teatr sanʼati instituti
| shiori                 = 
| shiori_til             = 
| turi                   = [[Milliy universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = 1978
| asoschisi              = 
| rektori                = [[Azamat Satybaldy]]
| talabalari             = 
| manzili                = Panfilov ko‘chasi, 127
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| kampusi                = [[shahar hududi]]
| veb-sayti              = http://kaznai.kz/en/
}}

'''T. K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi''' ({{langx|kk|Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы}}, ''T. Q. Jürgenov atyndağy Qazaq ūlttyq öner akademiasy''; qisqartmasi '''KazNAA''') — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]] shahridagi asosiy [[teatr]], [[kino maktabi]], [[drama]] hamda [[tasviriy sanʼat]] va dizayn boʻyicha oliy taʼlim muassasasi hisoblanadi. Akademiya 1955-yilda hozirgi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq milliy konservatoriyasi]] tarkibidagi teatr fakulteti sifatida tashkil etilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=284&amp;lang=2 The Zhurgenov Kazakh national academy of arts]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=KZALMATY08 T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts — moveonnet]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130723104351/http://ortcom.kz/en/news/view/1019 President receives rector of T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy]&lt;/ref&gt;. Akademiya [[Qozog‘iston Kommunistik partiyasi]] arbobi {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} (1898–1938) nomi bilan 1989-yilda atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2191933|title=Temirbek Zhurgenov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi faoliyat yuritadi, bu talabalar ijodkorligini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga namoyish etish uchun muhim platforma hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Международные и обменные образовательные программы|url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiya xalqaro taʼlim dasturlari — [[Erasmus+ dasturi|Erasmus+]], Mevlana va [[Germaniya akademik almashinuv xizmati|DAAD]] doirasida ham faoliyat yuritadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:1969 - panoramio - Andris Malygin (10).jpg|thumb|235x235px|Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti oʻquv binosi (1969)|left]]

Akademiya tarixi 1955-yildan boshlanadi, oʻshanda [[Qozoq SSR]] xalq artisti A. T. Tokpanov tomonidan [[Olmaota]] shahridagi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq davlat konservatoriyasi]]da teatr boʻlimi ochilgan. 1977-yilda bu boʻlim Olmaota teatr sanʼati institutiga aylantirildi. 1978-yilda teatr va sanʼat fakultetlariga ilk talabalar qabul qilindi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kaznai.kz/about/kaznai-history/|title=ИСТОРИЯ КАЗНАИ ИМЕНИ Т.К. ЖУРГЕНОВА}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1982–1983 oʻquv yilida institutda 490 talaba tahsil olgan, 95 nafar oʻqituvchi faoliyat yuritgan, ular orasida 5 professor va fan doktorlari, 7 dotsent va fan nomzodlari boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;almaty&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1989-yil 28-yanvarda institutga [[Qozog‘iston]]ning birinchi xalq maorifi komissari {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Karayevich Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} nomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

1993-yilda oliygoh Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti sifatida qayta tashkil etildi hamda kino va televideniye fakulteti ochildi. 1994-yil 22-iyunda esa xoreografiya oliy maktabi tashkil etilib, keyinchalik fakultetga aylantirildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2000-yilda Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti hamda Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi birlashtirilib, Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi tashkil etildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yil 5-iyulda [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] farmoni bilan akademiyaga „milliy oliy taʼlim muassasasi“ maqomi berildi&lt;ref&gt;Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Prezidentining farmoni&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Teatr sanʼati
* Musiqa sanʼati
* Xoreografiya
* Kino, televideniye va sanʼatshunoslik
* Estrada sanʼati
* Rassomlik, haykaltaroshlik, dizayn va amaliy sanʼat

== Talabalar televideniyesi ==
Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi mavjud boʻlib, u talabalar ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga taqdim etish uchun xizmat qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/өнерарнасы/
 |title=ТЕЛЕКАНАЛ &quot;ӨНЕР&quot;
 |access-date=2026-04-12
}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Rektorlar ==
* 1975–1985 — G. A. Djanysbaeva
* 1987–1989 — Aman Kulbayev
* 1989–1991 — Ashirbek Sygay
* 1991–1994 — Esmuxan Obayev
* 1994–2000 — Ibragimov U.Sh.
* 2000–2008 — Kishkashbaev T. A.
* 2008–2014 — Arystanbek Muhamediuli
* 2014–2018 — Bibigul Nusipjanova
* 2018–2019 — Askhat Maemirov
* 2019–2021 — Akan Abdualiev
* 2021–2022 — Sharipbek Amirbek
* 2022–hozirgacha — [[Azamat Satybaldy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=MANBA_LINKI |title=Azamat Satybaldy named as rector |access-date=2026-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akademiya binosi ==
[[Qozoq SSR]] poytaxti [[Qizilo‘rda]]dan [[Olmaota]]ga koʻchirilgach, davlat organlari uchun yangi maʼmuriy markaz qurish zarurati tugʻildi. Shu sababli 1927–1931-yillarda Kirov koʻchasida (hozirgi {{Interlanguage link|Bogenbay botir ko‘chasi|ru|Улица Богенбай батыра (Алма-Ата)}}) Xalq Komissarlari Kengashi binosi qurildi. Loyihani meʼmorlar [[Moisei Ginzburg]] va {{Interlanguage link|Ignatiy Milinis|ru|Милинис, Игнатий Францевич}} ishlab chiqqan.

Bino konstruktivizm uslubida qurilgan boʻlib, Moskva meʼmorlar jamiyati tanlovida gʻolib chiqqan.

1941-yilda bino qayta rekonstruksiya qilinib, kengaytirildi. 1958-yildan keyin bino [[Sergey Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti]] ixtiyoriga oʻtkazildi.

1982-yildan boshlab bu yerda teatr va sanʼat instituti joylashdi, keyinchalik u Jurgenov nomidagi institutga aylantirildi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|43|15|6.5|N|76|56|40.3|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Olmaotadagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5989024</id>
      <parentid>5989023</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:38:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Doctormeee</username>
        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>taxrirladim</comment>
      <origin>5989024</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6766" sha1="ahrwaefa4p7iyebtnqei1whpvnheqmm" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi
| asl_nomi               = Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAA
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota teatr sanʼati instituti
| shiori                 = 
| shiori_til             = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = 1978
| asoschisi              = 
| rektori                = [[Azamat Satybaldy]]
| talabalari             = 
| manzili                = Panfilov ko‘chasi, 127
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| kampusi                = 
| veb-sayti              = http://kaznai.kz/en/
}}

'''T. K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi''' ({{langx|kk|Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы}}, ''T. Q. Jürgenov atyndağy Qazaq ūlttyq öner akademiasy''; qisqartmasi '''KazNAA''') — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]] shahridagi asosiy [[teatr]], [[kino maktabi]], [[drama]] hamda [[tasviriy sanʼat]] va dizayn boʻyicha oliy taʼlim muassasasi hisoblanadi. Akademiya 1955-yilda hozirgi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq milliy konservatoriyasi]] tarkibidagi teatr fakulteti sifatida tashkil etilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=284&amp;lang=2 The Zhurgenov Kazakh national academy of arts]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=KZALMATY08 T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts — moveonnet]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130723104351/http://ortcom.kz/en/news/view/1019 President receives rector of T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy]&lt;/ref&gt;. Akademiya [[Qozog‘iston Kommunistik partiyasi]] arbobi {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} (1898–1938) nomi bilan 1989-yilda atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2191933|title=Temirbek Zhurgenov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi faoliyat yuritadi, bu talabalar ijodkorligini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga namoyish etish uchun muhim platforma hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Международные и обменные образовательные программы|url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiya xalqaro taʼlim dasturlari — [[Erasmus+ dasturi|Erasmus+]], Mevlana va [[Germaniya akademik almashinuv xizmati|DAAD]] doirasida ham faoliyat yuritadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:1969 - panoramio - Andris Malygin (10).jpg|thumb|235x235px|Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti oʻquv binosi (1969)|left]]

Akademiya tarixi 1955-yildan boshlanadi, oʻshanda [[Qozoq SSR]] xalq artisti A. T. Tokpanov tomonidan [[Olmaota]] shahridagi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq davlat konservatoriyasi]]da teatr boʻlimi ochilgan. 1977-yilda bu boʻlim Olmaota teatr sanʼati institutiga aylantirildi. 1978-yilda teatr va sanʼat fakultetlariga ilk talabalar qabul qilindi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kaznai.kz/about/kaznai-history/|title=ИСТОРИЯ КАЗНАИ ИМЕНИ Т.К. ЖУРГЕНОВА}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1982–1983 oʻquv yilida institutda 490 talaba tahsil olgan, 95 nafar oʻqituvchi faoliyat yuritgan, ular orasida 5 professor va fan doktorlari, 7 dotsent va fan nomzodlari boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;almaty&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1989-yil 28-yanvarda institutga [[Qozog‘iston]]ning birinchi xalq maorifi komissari {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Karayevich Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} nomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

1993-yilda oliygoh Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti sifatida qayta tashkil etildi hamda kino va televideniye fakulteti ochildi. 1994-yil 22-iyunda esa xoreografiya oliy maktabi tashkil etilib, keyinchalik fakultetga aylantirildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2000-yilda Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti hamda Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi birlashtirilib, Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi tashkil etildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yil 5-iyulda [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] farmoni bilan akademiyaga „milliy oliy taʼlim muassasasi“ maqomi berildi&lt;ref&gt;Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Prezidentining farmoni&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Teatr sanʼati
* Musiqa sanʼati
* Xoreografiya
* Kino, televideniye va sanʼatshunoslik
* Estrada sanʼati
* Rassomlik, haykaltaroshlik, dizayn va amaliy sanʼat

== Talabalar televideniyesi ==
Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi mavjud boʻlib, u talabalar ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga taqdim etish uchun xizmat qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/өнерарнасы/
 |title=ТЕЛЕКАНАЛ &quot;ӨНЕР&quot;
 |access-date=2026-04-12
}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Rektorlar ==
* 1975–1985 — G. A. Djanysbaeva
* 1987–1989 — Aman Kulbayev
* 1989–1991 — Ashirbek Sygay
* 1991–1994 — Esmuxan Obayev
* 1994–2000 — Ibragimov U.Sh.
* 2000–2008 — Kishkashbaev T. A.
* 2008–2014 — Arystanbek Muhamediuli
* 2014–2018 — Bibigul Nusipjanova
* 2018–2019 — Askhat Maemirov
* 2019–2021 — Akan Abdualiev
* 2021–2022 — Sharipbek Amirbek
* 2022–hozirgacha — [[Azamat Satybaldy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=MANBA_LINKI |title=Azamat Satybaldy named as rector |access-date=2026-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akademiya binosi ==
[[Qozoq SSR]] poytaxti [[Qizilo‘rda]]dan [[Olmaota]]ga koʻchirilgach, davlat organlari uchun yangi maʼmuriy markaz qurish zarurati tugʻildi. Shu sababli 1927–1931-yillarda Kirov koʻchasida (hozirgi {{Interlanguage link|Bogenbay botir ko‘chasi|ru|Улица Богенбай батыра (Алма-Ата)}}) Xalq Komissarlari Kengashi binosi qurildi. Loyihani meʼmorlar [[Moisei Ginzburg]] va {{Interlanguage link|Ignatiy Milinis|ru|Милинис, Игнатий Францевич}} ishlab chiqqan.

Bino konstruktivizm uslubida qurilgan boʻlib, Moskva meʼmorlar jamiyati tanlovida gʻolib chiqqan.

1941-yilda bino qayta rekonstruksiya qilinib, kengaytirildi. 1958-yildan keyin bino [[Sergey Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti]] ixtiyoriga oʻtkazildi.

1982-yildan boshlab bu yerda teatr va sanʼat instituti joylashdi, keyinchalik u Jurgenov nomidagi institutga aylantirildi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|43|15|6.5|N|76|56|40.3|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Olmaotadagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6765" sha1="fayftbql07uu38v2db5emjyd7mr49en" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi
| asl_nomi               = Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAA
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota teatr sanʼati instituti
| shiori                 = 
| shiori_til             = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = 1978
| asoschisi              = 
| rektori                = [[Azamat Satybaldy]]
| talabalari             = 
| manzili                = Panfilov ko‘chasi, 127
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| kampusi                = 
| veb-sayti              = http://kaznai.kz/en/
}}

'''T. K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi''' ({{langx|kk|Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы}}, ''T. Q. Jürgenov atyndağy Qazaq ūlttyq öner akademiasy''; qisqartmasi '''KazNAA''') — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]] shahridagi asosiy [[teatr]], [[kino maktabi]], [[drama]] hamda [[tasviriy sanʼat]] va dizayn boʻyicha oliy taʼlim muassasasi hisoblanadi. Akademiya 1955-yilda hozirgi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq milliy konservatoriyasi]] tarkibidagi teatr fakulteti sifatida tashkil etilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=284&amp;lang=2 The Zhurgenov Kazakh national academy of arts]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=KZALMATY08 T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts — moveonnet]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130723104351/http://ortcom.kz/en/news/view/1019 President receives rector of T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy]&lt;/ref&gt;. Akademiya [[Qozog‘iston Kommunistik partiyasi]] arbobi {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}}(1898–1938) nomi bilan 1989-yilda atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2191933|title=Temirbek Zhurgenov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi faoliyat yuritadi, bu talabalar ijodkorligini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga namoyish etish uchun muhim platforma hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Международные и обменные образовательные программы|url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiya xalqaro taʼlim dasturlari — [[Erasmus+ dasturi|Erasmus+]], Mevlana va [[Germaniya akademik almashinuv xizmati|DAAD]] doirasida ham faoliyat yuritadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:1969 - panoramio - Andris Malygin (10).jpg|thumb|235x235px|Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti oʻquv binosi (1969)|left]]

Akademiya tarixi 1955-yildan boshlanadi, oʻshanda [[Qozoq SSR]] xalq artisti A. T. Tokpanov tomonidan [[Olmaota]] shahridagi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq davlat konservatoriyasi]]da teatr boʻlimi ochilgan. 1977-yilda bu boʻlim Olmaota teatr sanʼati institutiga aylantirildi. 1978-yilda teatr va sanʼat fakultetlariga ilk talabalar qabul qilindi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kaznai.kz/about/kaznai-history/|title=ИСТОРИЯ КАЗНАИ ИМЕНИ Т.К. ЖУРГЕНОВА}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1982–1983 oʻquv yilida institutda 490 talaba tahsil olgan, 95 nafar oʻqituvchi faoliyat yuritgan, ular orasida 5 professor va fan doktorlari, 7 dotsent va fan nomzodlari boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;almaty&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1989-yil 28-yanvarda institutga [[Qozog‘iston]]ning birinchi xalq maorifi komissari {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Karayevich Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} nomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

1993-yilda oliygoh Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti sifatida qayta tashkil etildi hamda kino va televideniye fakulteti ochildi. 1994-yil 22-iyunda esa xoreografiya oliy maktabi tashkil etilib, keyinchalik fakultetga aylantirildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2000-yilda Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti hamda Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi birlashtirilib, Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi tashkil etildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yil 5-iyulda [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] farmoni bilan akademiyaga „milliy oliy taʼlim muassasasi“ maqomi berildi&lt;ref&gt;Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Prezidentining farmoni&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Teatr sanʼati
* Musiqa sanʼati
* Xoreografiya
* Kino, televideniye va sanʼatshunoslik
* Estrada sanʼati
* Rassomlik, haykaltaroshlik, dizayn va amaliy sanʼat

== Talabalar televideniyesi ==
Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi mavjud boʻlib, u talabalar ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga taqdim etish uchun xizmat qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/өнерарнасы/
 |title=ТЕЛЕКАНАЛ &quot;ӨНЕР&quot;
 |access-date=2026-04-12
}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Rektorlar ==
* 1975–1985 — G. A. Djanysbaeva
* 1987–1989 — Aman Kulbayev
* 1989–1991 — Ashirbek Sygay
* 1991–1994 — Esmuxan Obayev
* 1994–2000 — Ibragimov U.Sh.
* 2000–2008 — Kishkashbaev T. A.
* 2008–2014 — Arystanbek Muhamediuli
* 2014–2018 — Bibigul Nusipjanova
* 2018–2019 — Askhat Maemirov
* 2019–2021 — Akan Abdualiev
* 2021–2022 — Sharipbek Amirbek
* 2022–hozirgacha — [[Azamat Satybaldy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=MANBA_LINKI |title=Azamat Satybaldy named as rector |access-date=2026-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akademiya binosi ==
[[Qozoq SSR]] poytaxti [[Qizilo‘rda]]dan [[Olmaota]]ga koʻchirilgach, davlat organlari uchun yangi maʼmuriy markaz qurish zarurati tugʻildi. Shu sababli 1927–1931-yillarda Kirov koʻchasida (hozirgi {{Interlanguage link|Bogenbay botir ko‘chasi|ru|Улица Богенбай батыра (Алма-Ата)}}) Xalq Komissarlari Kengashi binosi qurildi. Loyihani meʼmorlar [[Moisei Ginzburg]] va {{Interlanguage link|Ignatiy Milinis|ru|Милинис, Игнатий Францевич}} ishlab chiqqan.

Bino konstruktivizm uslubida qurilgan boʻlib, Moskva meʼmorlar jamiyati tanlovida gʻolib chiqqan.

1941-yilda bino qayta rekonstruksiya qilinib, kengaytirildi. 1958-yildan keyin bino [[Sergey Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti]] ixtiyoriga oʻtkazildi.

1982-yildan boshlab bu yerda teatr va sanʼat instituti joylashdi, keyinchalik u Jurgenov nomidagi institutga aylantirildi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|43|15|6.5|N|76|56|40.3|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Olmaotadagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]</text>
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        <id>105908</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="6688" sha1="ll1gncum3a54uw49v66mt3nb7wl8h0o" xml:space="preserve">{{Taʼlim muassasasi bilgiqutisi
| nomi                   = T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi
| asl_nomi               = Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы
| asl_nomi_til           = kk
| tasvir                 = 
| tasvir_eni             = 200px
| izoh                   = 
| xalqaro_nomi           = T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts
| boshqa_nomi            = KazNAA
| ilgarigi_nomi          = Olmaota teatr sanʼati instituti
| shiori                 = 
| shiori_til             = 
| turi                   = [[universitet]]
| asos_solingan          = 1978
| asoschisi              = 
| rektori                = [[Azamat Satybaldy]]
| talabalari             = 
| manzili                = Panfilov ko‘chasi, 127
| shahar                 = [[Olmaota]]
| davlat                 = [[Qozog‘iston]]
| kampusi                = 
| veb-sayti              = http://kaznai.kz/en/
}}

'''T. K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi''' ({{langx|kk|Т. Қ. Жүргенов атындағы Қазақ ұлттық өнер академиясы}}, ''T. Q. Jürgenov atyndağy Qazaq ūlttyq öner akademiasy''; qisqartmasi '''KazNAA''') — [[Olmaota]], [[Qozog‘iston]] shahridagi asosiy [[teatr]], [[kino maktabi]], [[drama]] hamda [[tasviriy sanʼat]] va dizayn boʻyicha oliy taʼlim muassasasi hisoblanadi. Akademiya 1955-yilda hozirgi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq milliy konservatoriyasi]] tarkibidagi teatr fakulteti sifatida tashkil etilgan&lt;ref&gt;[http://almaly.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=284&amp;lang=2 The Zhurgenov Kazakh national academy of arts]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.moveonnet.eu/directory/institution?id=KZALMATY08 T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts — moveonnet]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130723104351/http://ortcom.kz/en/news/view/1019 President receives rector of T. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy]&lt;/ref&gt;. Akademiya [[Qozog‘iston Kommunistik partiyasi]] arbobi Temirbek Jurgenov (1898–1938) nomi bilan 1989-yilda atalgan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2191933|title=Temirbek Zhurgenov}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi faoliyat yuritadi, bu talabalar ijodkorligini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga namoyish etish uchun muhim platforma hisoblanadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Международные и обменные образовательные программы|url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Akademiya xalqaro taʼlim dasturlari — [[Erasmus+ dasturi|Erasmus+]], Mevlana va [[Germaniya akademik almashinuv xizmati|DAAD]] doirasida ham faoliyat yuritadi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;.

== Tarix ==
[[File:1969 - panoramio - Andris Malygin (10).jpg|thumb|235x235px|Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti oʻquv binosi (1969)|left]]

Akademiya tarixi 1955-yildan boshlanadi, oʻshanda [[Qozoq SSR]] xalq artisti A. T. Tokpanov tomonidan [[Olmaota]] shahridagi [[Qurmanğazi nomidagi Qozoq davlat konservatoriyasi]]da teatr boʻlimi ochilgan. 1977-yilda bu boʻlim Olmaota teatr sanʼati institutiga aylantirildi. 1978-yilda teatr va sanʼat fakultetlariga ilk talabalar qabul qilindi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kaznai.kz/about/kaznai-history/|title=ИСТОРИЯ КАЗНАИ ИМЕНИ Т.К. ЖУРГЕНОВА}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1982–1983 oʻquv yilida institutda 490 talaba tahsil olgan, 95 nafar oʻqituvchi faoliyat yuritgan, ular orasida 5 professor va fan doktorlari, 7 dotsent va fan nomzodlari boʻlgan&lt;ref name=&quot;almaty&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Алма-Ата. Энциклопедия}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

1989-yil 28-yanvarda institutga [[Qozog‘iston]]ning birinchi xalq maorifi komissari {{Interlanguage link|Temirbek Karayevich Jurgenov|ru|Жургенов, Темирбек Караевич}} nomi berildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

1993-yilda oliygoh Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti sifatida qayta tashkil etildi hamda kino va televideniye fakulteti ochildi. 1994-yil 22-iyunda esa xoreografiya oliy maktabi tashkil etilib, keyinchalik fakultetga aylantirildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2000-yilda Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat teatr va kino instituti hamda Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi birlashtirilib, Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq davlat sanʼat akademiyasi tashkil etildi&lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot; /&gt;.

2001-yil 5-iyulda [[Nursulton Nazarboyev]] farmoni bilan akademiyaga „milliy oliy taʼlim muassasasi“ maqomi berildi&lt;ref&gt;Qozogʻiston Respublikasi Prezidentining farmoni&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fakultetlar ==
* Teatr sanʼati
* Musiqa sanʼati
* Xoreografiya
* Kino, televideniye va sanʼatshunoslik
* Estrada sanʼati
* Rassomlik, haykaltaroshlik, dizayn va amaliy sanʼat

== Talabalar televideniyesi ==
Akademiyada talabalar televideniye studiyasi mavjud boʻlib, u talabalar ijodiy faoliyatini rivojlantirish va ularning ishlarini ommaga taqdim etish uchun xizmat qiladi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=https://kaznai.kz/ru/өнерарнасы/
 |title=ТЕЛЕКАНАЛ &quot;ӨНЕР&quot;
 |access-date=2026-04-12
}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Rektorlar ==
* 1975–1985 — G. A. Djanysbaeva
* 1987–1989 — Aman Kulbayev
* 1989–1991 — Ashirbek Sygay
* 1991–1994 — Esmuxan Obayev
* 1994–2000 — Ibragimov U.Sh.
* 2000–2008 — Kishkashbaev T. A.
* 2008–2014 — Arystanbek Muhamediuli
* 2014–2018 — Bibigul Nusipjanova
* 2018–2019 — Askhat Maemirov
* 2019–2021 — Akan Abdualiev
* 2021–2022 — Sharipbek Amirbek
* 2022–hozirgacha — [[Azamat Satybaldy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Veb manbasi |url=MANBA_LINKI |title=Azamat Satybaldy named as rector |access-date=2026-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akademiya binosi ==
[[Qozoq SSR]] poytaxti [[Qizilo‘rda]]dan [[Olmaota]]ga koʻchirilgach, davlat organlari uchun yangi maʼmuriy markaz qurish zarurati tugʻildi. Shu sababli 1927–1931-yillarda Kirov koʻchasida (hozirgi {{Interlanguage link|Bogenbay botir ko‘chasi|ru|Улица Богенбай батыра (Алма-Ата)}}) Xalq Komissarlari Kengashi binosi qurildi. Loyihani meʼmorlar [[Moisei Ginzburg]] va {{Interlanguage link|Ignatiy Milinis|ru|Милинис, Игнатий Францевич}} ishlab chiqqan.

Bino konstruktivizm uslubida qurilgan boʻlib, Moskva meʼmorlar jamiyati tanlovida gʻolib chiqqan.

1941-yilda bino qayta rekonstruksiya qilinib, kengaytirildi. 1958-yildan keyin bino [[Sergey Kirov nomidagi Qozoq davlat universiteti]] ixtiyoriga oʻtkazildi.

1982-yildan boshlab bu yerda teatr va sanʼat instituti joylashdi, keyinchalik u Jurgenov nomidagi institutga aylantirildi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|43|15|6.5|N|76|56|40.3|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Olmaotadagi binolar va inshootlar]]
[[Category:Qozog‘istondagi universitetlar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Transformerlar 4</title>
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    <redirect title="Transformers: Age of Extinction" />
    <revision>
      <id>5989021</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:36:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
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      <text bytes="50" sha1="tk8v4p4es9cq2l4fck3717gbanp21cg" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]</text>
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    <title>Transformerlar 5</title>
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    <redirect title="Transformers: The Last Knight" />
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      <timestamp>2026-04-12T10:36:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5989022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="1e4adbqn6997e7dbvdqn9ax8iq1jx81" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Transformers: The Last Knight]]</text>
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    <title>Dublaj</title>
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        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
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      <comment>yangi yoʻnaltirish</comment>
      <origin>5989026</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="4dfer7z852t8suyxzf9jjoo5cj8ns1f" xml:space="preserve">#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Dublyaj]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Munozara:T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi</title>
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      <comment>/* Andoza qo'shish */ yangi mavzu</comment>
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      <text bytes="248" sha1="kzd182uau4hf2cm9y33833l4v2ovyry" xml:space="preserve">== Andoza qo'shish ==

{{Viki-bahor 2026|mamlakat=Qozog'iston|mavzu=T.K. Jurgenov nomidagi Qozoq milliy sanʼat akademiyasi}}

[[Foydalanuvchi:Doctormeee|Doctormeee]] ([[Foydalanuvchi munozarasi:Doctormeee|munozara]]) 10:41, 2026-yil 12-aprel (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Andoza:Dublyaj</title>
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        <id>33427</id>
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      <comment>yangi</comment>
      <origin>5989032</origin>
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      <text bytes="88" sha1="b6el0pnvgfgaixck5558204fy3hlv5e" xml:space="preserve">oʻzbek tiliga „'''{{{1}}}'''“ deb dublyaj qilingan&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hujjat}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Malikxan</username>
        <id>33427</id>
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      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>5989033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="399" sha1="cuxcqosqpodi06aukynp4e9jhvt6hsq" xml:space="preserve">{{hujjat ostsahifasi}}

== Foydalanish ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Kod !! Natija
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;„'''The Truman Show'''“ ({{dublyaj|Truman tomoshasi}}) — [[Peter Weir]] ishlagan [[kinokomediya]].&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; || „'''The Truman Show'''“ ({{dublyaj|Truman tomoshasi}}) — [[Peter Weir]] ishlagan [[kinokomediya]].
|}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | |
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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