Wikipedia vewiki https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayani MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5871 22393 22391 2026-04-17T15:53:36Z Dumbassman 4987 22393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mvutshelo ya Soweto''', ine ya dovha ya ḓivhiwa sa '''Soweto riots''', yo vha i mutevhe wa misumbedzo na migwalabo yo rangwaho phanḓa nga vhana vha zwikolo vha vharema Afrika Tshipembe nga tshifhinga tsha khethululo ye ya thoma nga matsheloni a ḽa 16 June 1976. <ref>The birth and death of Apartheid. Retrieved 17 June 2002</ref> Matshudeni vha bvaho zwikoloni zwo fhambanaho vho thoma u gwalabela zwiṱaraṱani zwa ḓoroboni [[Soweto|ya Soweto]] vha tshi khou fhindula u ḓivhadzwa ha luambo lwa [[Afrikaans]], lune lwa dzhiiwa nga vharema vhanzhi sa "luambo lwa mutsikeledzi", sa luambo lwa u funza zwikoloni zwa vharema. <ref>"The Youth Struggle". South African History Online.</ref> Hu anganyelwa uri matshudeni vha 20 000 vho dzhenelela kha migwalabo. Vho ṱanganedzwa nga tshiṱuhu tshihulwane tsha mapholisa, nahone vhanzhi vho thuntshiwa vha vhulahwa. Tshivhalo tsha vhagudiswa vho vhulahwaho kha mvutshelo tshi swika kha zwine zwa anganyelwa kha vhathu vha 850 vho vhulahwaho. <ref>Boddy-Evans, Slistair. "16 June 1976 Student Uprising in Soweto". africanhistory.about.com</ref> <ref name="Harrison 1987">Harrison, David (1987). ''The White Tribe of Africa''. p. 143. </ref> <ref>([[Les Payne]] of ''Newsday'' said at least 850 murders were documented) Elsabe Brink; Gandhi Malungane; Steve Lebelo; Dumisani Ntshangase; Sue Krige, ''Soweto 16 June 1976'', 2001, 9 </ref> Vhuvemu ho vha tshifhinga tsha ndeme kha u lwa na khethululo sa izwi zwo vusa u pikiswa huswa ha khethululo Afrika Tshipembe nga ngomu ha shango na kha dzitshakatshaka. U elelwa zwiitea izwi, ḽa 16 Fulwi ndi holodei ya tshitshavha Afrika Tshipembe, yo vhidzwa Ḓuvha ḽa Vhaswa. Kha dzitshaka, ḽa 16 Fulwi ḽi ḓivhiwa sa Ḓuvha ḽa Ṅwana wa Afrika (DAC) . <ref name=":0"> "About Day of the African Child | ACERWC - African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child".</ref> <ref>"The Day of the African Child demonstrates the importance of defending children's rights in the digital space". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref> == Zwivhangi == Vhagudiswa vha vharema vha Afrika Tshipembe vha tshikoloni tsha nṱha ngei Soweto vho gwalabela mulayo wa ''Afrikaans Medium Decree'' wa 1974, we wa kombetshedza zwikolo zwoṱhe zwa vharema u shumisa [[Afrikaans]] na Luisimane nga nḓila i linganaho sa nyambo dza u funza. <ref name="Ndlovu 327">Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu. "The Soweto Uprising". ''The Road to Democracy in South Africa'' (PDF). Vol. 2. South African Democracy Education Trust. p. 327. Retrieved 30 October 2011.</ref> U ṱangana ha Afrikaans na khethululo zwo ita uri vharema vha Afrika Tshipembe vha fune Luisimane. Na mivhuso ya Bantustan yo nanga Luisimane na luambo lwa mvelele lwa Afrika sa nyambo dza tshiofisi. Zwiṅwe hafhu, Luisimane lwo vha lu tshi khou ḓivhea sa luambo lune lwa shumiswa lunzhi kha zwa vhubindudzi na kha zwa vhubindudzi. Mulayo wa 1974 wo vha wo itelwa u kombetshedza u vhuyelela murahu ha u fhungudzea ha luambo lwa Afrikaans kha vharema vha Afrika. Muvhuso wo vhuswaho nga Afrikaner wo shumisa tshipiḓa tsha Mulayo wa Vhuthihi ha Afrika Tshipembe wa 1909 we wa vha u tshi ṱanganedza Luisimane na Ludatshi fhedzi, lwa u fhedzisela lwo dzhielwa vhudzulo nga Luafrikaans nga 1925, sa nyambo dza tshiofisi sa tshiitisi tshawo. <ref>Giliomee, Hermann (2003), ''The Rise and Possible Demise of Afrikaans as a Public Language'' (PDF), Cape Town: PRAESA, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2015, retrieved 17 March 2013 </ref> Zwikolo zwoṱhe zwo vha zwi tshi fanela u ṋea ndayo nga Luafrikaans na Luisimane sa nyambo, fhedzi matshudeni a vhatshena vha Afrika Tshipembe vho guda dziṅwe thero nga luambo lwa hayani . Mulanguli wa Dzingu wa Pfunzo ya Bantu (Dzingu ḽa Transvaal Tshipembe), Vho JG Erasmus, vho vhudza Vhaṱoli vha Tshiṱiriki na Vhalanguli vha Zwikolo uri u bva nga ḽa 1 Ṱhangule 1975, Luafrikaans lwo vha lu tshi fanela u shumiswa kha mbalo, mbalo, na ngudo dza matshilisano u bva kha maimo a vhuṱanu (gireidi ya vhusumbe), u ya nga Afrikae Medium. Luisimane lwo vha lu tshi ḓo vha luambo lwa u funza lwa saintsi nga u angaredza na thero dzi shumaho (vhutsila ha hayani, u ṱoḓa, u shuma nga matanda, u shuma nga tsimbi, vhutsila, saintsi ya vhulimi). <ref name="Ndlovu 327">Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu. "The Soweto Uprising". ''The Road to Democracy in South Africa'' (PDF). Vol. 2. South African Democracy Education Trust. p. 327. Retrieved 30 October 2011.</ref> Nyambo dzapo dzo vha dzi tshi ḓo shumiswa fhedzi kha u funza vhurereli, muzika, na mvelele ya muvhili. <ref>Alistair Boddy-Evans. "The Afrikaans Medium Decree". ''About''.</ref> Mulayo wo sinyuswa vhukuma nga vhathu vhatsu. Desmond Tutu, mubishopo wa Lesotho, o amba uri Luafrikaans ndi "luambo lwa mutsikeledzi."{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} Hafhu, madzangano a vhadededzi, a ngaho Dzangano ḽa Vhadededzi ḽa Afrika ḽa Afrika Tshipembe, o hanedza ndaela yeneyo. <ref> ''The Youth Struggle'', The 1976 Students' Revolt". South African History Online.</ref> Vho Punt Janson, Muthusa Minisiṱa wa Pfunzo ya Bantu, vho topolwa vha tshi ri: "Munna wa Murema a nga gudiswa u shuma bulasini kana femeni. A nga shumela mutholi ane a amba Luisimane kana Luafrikaans nahone munna ane a tea u mu ṋea ndaela a nga vha a tshi amba Luisimane kana a amba Luisimane kana Why we Afrikaans-why. ndaela vhukati ha vhathu vha Vharema na vhone?... Hai, a tho ngo vha vhudzisa nahone a thi khou ya u vha vhudzisa Ndayotewa ya Riphabuḽiki ya Afrika Tshipembe...." <ref name="Ndlovu 331-2">Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu. "The Soweto Uprising". ''The Road to Democracy in South Africa'' (PDF). Vol. 2. South African Democracy Education Trust. pp. 331–32. Retrieved 30 October 2011.</ref> Tshanduko ya luambo lwa u funza yo kombetshedza vhagudiswa uri vha livhise ṱhogomelo kha u pfesesa luambo, nṱhani ha mafhungo a thero. Zwenezwo zwo ita uri u ṱolisisa zwi re ngomu nga vhuronwane zwi konḓe nahone zwa ita uri hu si ṱuṱuwedzwe u ṱolisisa. <ref name="Ndlovu 327-8">Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu. "The Soweto Uprising". ''The Road to Democracy in South Africa'' (PDF). Vol. 2. South African Democracy Education Trust. pp. 327–328. Retrieved 30 October 2011.</ref> U sinyuwa ha hula u swika nga dzi 30 dza Ṱhafamuhwe 1976, musi vhana vha Orlando West Junior School kha ḽa Soweto vha tshi khou gwalaba vha tshi khou hana u ya tshikoloni. Vhushandukwa havho ho mbo ḓi phaḓalala na kha zwinwe zwikolo zwinzhi zwa Soweto. Vhagudiswa vha vharema vha Afrika Tshipembe vho vha vha tshi khou gwalaba ngauri vho vha vha tshi tenda uri vho tea u farwa na u funzwa sa vhatshena vha Afrika Tshipembe. Hafhu, ndi vhathu vha si gathi vhukuma Soweto vhe vha vha vha tshi amba Afrikaans. Mutshudeni u bva tshikoloni tsha nṱha tsha Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o dzinginya uri hu vhe na muṱangano nga ḽa 13 Ṱhangule 1976 u itela u haseledza zwine zwa fanela u itwa. Matshudeni vho vhumba Komiti ya Nyito, ye nga murahu ya ḓivhiwa sa Khoro ya Vhaimeli vha Matshudeni vha Soweto, <ref name="sahistory"> "The 1976 Students' Revolt". South African History Online.</ref> ye ya dzudzanya muṱangano wa vhathu vhanzhi nga ḽa 16 June u itela u ḓipfisa. <ref name="Ndlovu 327">Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu. "The Soweto Uprising". ''The Road to Democracy in South Africa'' (PDF). Vol. 2. South African Democracy Education Trust. p. 327. Retrieved 30 October 2011.</ref> == Mvutshelo == Nga matsheloni a dzi 16 dza ṅwedzi wa Ṱhangule 1976, matshudeni a vharema vha vhukati ha 3 000 na 20 000 <ref> "The June 16 Soweto Youth Uprising | South African History Online". ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 24 June 2024.</ref> <ref>Allen, John (2006). Rabble-Rouser For Peace ISBN 9780743269377</ref> vho tshimbila u bva zwikoloni zwavho vha tshi ya tshitediamu tsha Orlando kha muṱangano wa u sumbedza u sa tendelana uri vha fanela u guda Luafrikaans tshikoloni. Vhunzhi ha matshudeni vhe nga murahu vha shela mulenzhe kha u gwalaba vho swika zwikoloni nga matsheloni eneo vha sa athu u ḓivha nga ha u gwalaba fhedzi vha tenda u dzhenelela. Mugwalabo wo vha wo pulaniwa nga Komiti ya Nyito ya Khoro ya Vhuimeleli ha Matshudeni ya Soweto (SSRC), <ref>"The Soweto uprising 1976". socialistworld.net. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013.</ref> nga thikhedzo ya Dzangano ḽa Vhuḓipfi ha Vharema ḽo ṱanḓavhuwaho . Vhadededzi vha Soweto na vhone vho tikedza u matsha nga murahu ha musi Komiti ya Nyito yo ombedzela ndayo yavhuḓi na nyito dza mulalo. Vho Tsietsi Mashinini vho ranga phanḓa matshudeni u bva Tshikoloni tsha Nṱha tsha Morris Isaacson u ṱanganela na vhaṅwe vhe vha bva Tshikoloni tsha Nṱha tsha Naledi . <ref>Davie, Lucille (12 June 2006). "The homecoming that wasn't". City of Johannesburg. Johannesburg News Agency. Archived from the original on 14 June 2006. Retrieved 23 August 2017.</ref> Vhagudiswa vho thoma u matsha, vha wana uri mapholisa vho thivhela bada kha nḓila ye vha vha vho ḓiimisela u tshimbila ngayo. Murangaphanḓa wa komiti ya nyito o humbela gogo uri ḽi songo sinyusa mapholisa, nahone u matsha ha bvela phanḓa nga iṅwe nḓila nahone ha fheleledza ho swika tsini na tshikolo tsha nṱha tsha Orlando. <ref>Davie, Lucille (23 May 2006). "Soweto's red brick route to 16 June 1976". City of Johannesburg. Johannesburg News Agency. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 23 August 2017.</ref> Gogo ḽa vhagudiswa vha vhukati ha 3 000 na 10 000 ḽo mbo ḓi dzhena nḓilani ḽa livha fhethu he tshikolo tsha vha tshi hone. Matshudeni vho imba na u ṱharamudza zwibammbiri zwi re na zwiṱirathedzhi zwi ngaho, "Fhasi na Luafrikaans", "Viva Azania " na "Arali ri tshi tea u ita Luafrikaans, Vorster u tea u ita [[IsiZulu|Luzulu]] ". <ref>F.I.J. van Rensburg. "Soweto, 1976: 'n Inklusiewe herbegin 30 jaar later?" (in Afrikaans). Die Vrye Afrikaan.</ref> Kha vhaṅwe vhagudiswa vha u thoma u thuntshiwa vha lovha ho vha hu Hastings Ndlovu wa miṅwaha ya 15 na Hector Pieterson wa miṅwaha ya 12, vhe vha thuntshiwa tshikoloni tsha nṱha tsha Orlando West. <ref name="Ndlovu 344">"Policemen involved in June 16 Shootings have to Explain: Morobe". SAPA. 23 July 1996. Retrieved 8 February 2016. </ref> Mufodi Sam Nzima o dzhia tshinepe tsha Hector Pieterson we a vha a tshi khou lovha musi a tshi khou hwaliwa nga Vho-Mbuyisa Makhubo vha tshi khou fhelekedziwa nga khaladzi awe, Antoinette Peterson, zwe zwa vha tshiga tsha mvutshelo ya Soweto. U ṱhaselwa ha mapholisa kha vha sumbedzi zwo bvela phanḓa, nahone vhathu vha 23 vho lovha nga ḓuvha ḽa u thoma ngei Soweto. Vhukati havho ho vha hu na Melville Edelstein, we a vha e muḓivhi wa zwa matshilisano na muḓivhi wa zwa pfunzo nahone o vha o ṋekedza vhuḓidini hawe kha phurojeke dza vhuthu na dza matshilisano ngei Soweto. U shuma sa Muthusa Muofisiri Muhulwane wa Vhupileli, Vho Edelstein vho thoma phurojeke nnzhi dzo livhiswaho kha u thusa vhaswa, vhaholefhali, vhashai, na zwitshavha zwo ṱutshelwaho nga ngomu ha Soweto. Vho rwiwa nga matombo vha lovha nga tshigwada tsha vhathu vha siiwa vhe na tshiga kha mukulo wavho tshine tsha khou ḓivhadza uri, "Beware Afrikaans ndi tshidzidzivhadzi tshi re na khombo vhukuma kha vhumatshelo hashu". <ref>Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu. "The Soweto Uprising". ''The Road to Democracy in South Africa'' (PDF). Vol. 2. South African</ref> Vhuvemu ho mbo ḓi ṋaṋa, musi mavhengele a mabodelo na holo dza biya, dzine dza vhonala sa fhethu hune ha vha uri ho ḓala muvhuso wa khethululo, ho vha ho sedziwa, sa zwine zwa vha zwone zwo vha zwo sedziwa sa fhethu hune ha vha uri ho ḓala tshiofisi ya muvhuso. Vhuvemu ho vha ho no fhela musi hu tshi vho kovhela. Veni dza mapholisa na goloi dza nndwa dzo vha dzi tshi khou mona-mona zwiṱaraṱani vhusiku hoṱhe. Kiḽiniki dza shishi dzo vha dzo ḓala vhana vho huvhalaho na vho ḓalaho malofha. Mapholisa vho humbela uri vhuongelo vhu ṋee mutevhe wa vhapondwa vhoṱhe vha re na zwilonda zwa mabuli u itela u vha sengiswa nga ṅwambo wa u ita dzikhakhathi. Mulanguli wa vhuongelo o fhirisela khumbelo kha madokotela, fhedzi madokotela vha hana u ita mutevhe. Madokotela vho rekhoda zwilonda zwa mabuli sa zwilonda. <ref name="Ndlovu 344">{{Cite book}}</ref> Mapholisa a 1,500 o ḓi hwalaho zwihali vho rumelwa Soweto nga ḽa 17 Ṱhangule vho hwala zwihali, zwi tshi katela na zwigidi zwa u ḓiitela, zwigidi zwa u tshuwisa, na dzi carbine. Vho vha vha tshi tshimbila nga goloi dza nndwa dzi re na dzihelikhophutha dzi tshi khou ṱola fhethu honoho u bva nṱha. Mmbi ya Afrika Tshipembe yo dovha ya laedzwa uri i vhe kha standby sa maga a vhuṱali a u sumbedza maanḓa a mmbi. Nḓila dza u langa gogo dzine dza shumiswa nga mapholisa a Afrika Tshipembe nga tshenetsho tshifhinga dzo vha dzi tshi katela nga maanḓa thekhinikha dza u phaḓalala. Vhathu vha maḓana vho farwa, hu tshi katelwa na mulwela-mbofholowo Connie Mofokeng, we a vha a tshi khou tambudzwa u itela u wana mafhungo. <ref>Colin Martin Tatz; Peter Arnold; Gillian Heller (2007). ''Worlds apart: the re-migration of South African Jews''. Rosenberg</ref> === Vhathu vho huvhalaho na masiandoitwa === Mafhungo a uri ndi vhathu vhangana vhe vha fa o fhambana u bva kha 200 u ya kha 850. <ref name="Harrison 1987">Harrison, David (1987). ''The White Tribe of Africa''. p. 143.</ref> Tshivhalo tsha u thoma tsha muvhuso tsho amba uri ho vhulahwa matshudeni a 23 fhedzi, <ref>"Connie Mofokeng | South African History Online". ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 12 April 2024.</ref> na tshivhalo tsha vho huvhalaho tsho anganyelwaho kha vhathu vha fhiraho 1 000. Matshudeni a vharema vho dovha vha vhulaha vhathu vhavhili vha vhatshena nga tshifhinga tsha mvutshelo, muṅwe wavho Melville Edelstein . <ref>April Francis; Vanessa Marchese. "Apartheid South Africa and the Soweto Rebellion" (PDF). ''hofstra.edu''. Hofstra University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.</ref> <ref>SAPA - 23 Jul 96 - Truth Body Wraps Up June 16 Hearing in Soweto". ''www.justice.gov.za''. Retrieved 14 November 2017.</ref> <ref>"16 June '76 – Remember Dr Melville Edelstein – the life & death of a good man | Kevin Harris Productions". ''www.kevinharris.co.za''. Retrieved 23 October 2018.</ref> U lwa ho itea musi muvhuso wa Afrika Tshipembe u tshi khou kombetshedzwa u "shandukisa" khethululo kha maṱo a dzitshaka u ya kha tshivhumbeo tshi "benign". Nga Fulwi 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya u thoma, yo ḓivhadzwa sa "yo ḓiimisaho nga yoṱhe" nga muvhuso. U lingedza uhu ha u sumbedza "vhuḓikumedzeli" ha Afrika Tshipembe kha u ḓilanga ho vha na mvelelo dza murahu, naho zwo ralo, ngauri Transkei yo vha i tshi semiwa kha dzitshakatshaka sa muvhuso wa zwipopi . Kha muvhuso, mvutshelo yo vha khaedu ya mutheo vhukuma kha khethululo. U sa dzika ha ikonomi na polotiki he ha vha hone ho ṋaṋiswa nga u khwaṱhiswa ha u ḓidina ha dzitshaka. Ho vha hu tshi ḓo fhela miṅwaha ya 14 vho -Nelson Mandela vha sa athu vhofhololwa, fhedzi muvhuso a wo ngo vhuya wa kona u vhuisa mulalo wo linganelaho na vhudziki ha matshilisano ha mathomoni a vho 1970, musi u hanedza ha vharema hu tshi khou aluwa. Madzangano a mbofholowo e a vha o no fhelelwa nga nungo kana o thubiwa o wana maanḓa maswa musi hu tshi ṱanganelana vhathu vhanzhi vhane vha khou ṱoḓa u dzhena. Vhunzhi ha vhatshena vha Afrika Tshipembe vho sinyuswa nga zwiito zwa muvhuso kha ḽa Soweto. Ḓuvha ḽi tevhelaho u vhulawa ha vhathu vhanzhi, vhagudiswa vha vhatshena vhane vha swika 400 vha bvaho [[Yunivesithi ya Witwatersrand|University ya Witwatersrand]] vho matsha vha tshi fhira vhukati ha ḓorobo ya Johannesburg vha tshi khou sumbedza u sasaladza u vhulawa ha vhana. <ref>Dr. Melville Edelstein and South Africa’s 1976 Soweto uprising</ref> Vhashumi vha vharema na vhone vho mbo ḓi dzhena kha tshiṱiraiki vha ṱanganela navho musi fulo ḽi tshi khou bvela phanḓa. Ho dovha ha vuwa dzikhakhathi kha ḓorobo dza vharema dza dziṅwe ḓorobo dza Afrika Tshipembe. Madzangano a matshudeni o livhisa maanḓa na mbiti dza vhaswa kha u hanedza zwa politiki. Matshudeni vha Thembisa vho dzudzanya matshi wa vhuthihi wo bvelelaho nahone u si na dzikhakhathi, fhedzi mugwalabo u fanaho wo farwaho ngei Kagiso wo ita uri mapholisa vha ime tshigwada tsha vhaṱanganedzi, vha vha kombetshedze u humela murahu, na u vhulaha vhathu vha ṱoḓaho u vha vhaṱanu musi ho lindelwa vhaṅwe vhane vha ḓo vha khwaṱhisa. Vhuvemu ho fhela nga ḽa 18 June fhedzi. Rekhodo dza Yunivesithi ya Zululand na zwifhaṱo zwa vhulanguli zwo fhiswa, nahone vhathu vha 33 vho lovha kha zwiwo zwa [[Port Elizabeth]] nga ṅwedzi wa Ṱhangule. Kha [[Cape Town|ḽa Cape Town]], vhathu vha 92 vho lovha vhukati ha ṅwedzi wa Ṱhangule na Tshimedzi. Vhunzhi ha u shuluwa ha malofha ho vha ho no fhela mafheloni a 1976, musi tshivhalo tsha vhathu vho faho tshi tshi fhira 600. U bvela phanḓa ha dzikhakhathi ngei Soweto zwo vhanga u sa dzika ha ikonomi. Rannda ya Afrika Tshipembe yo tsela fhasi nga u ṱavhanya, nahone muvhuso wa dzhena kha vhuleme. Khonṱhiraka ya Lushaka ya Afrika yo gandisa na u phaḓaladza zwibammbiri zwi re na tshiṱirathedzhi tshine tsha ri "Vhofhololani Mandela, Hang Vorster". Nga u ṱavhanya yo ṱumanya fhungo ḽa luambo na vhufa hayo ha mvusuludzo na mbekanyamushumo nahone ya thusa u thoma mushumo wayo wa vhurangaphanḓa. (Sedzani Baruch Hirson 's "Ṅwaha wa Mulilo, Ṅwaha wa Milora", u itela nyambedzano ya vhukoni ha ANC ha u livhisa na u livhisa mbiti dza vhathu.") Tshihumbudzo na Muziamu wa Hector Pieterson zwo vula ngei Soweto nga 2002, hu si kule na fhethu he Hector wa miṅwaha ya 12 a thuntshiwa hone nga ḽa 16 Ṱhangule 1976. <ref></ref> === Mvelelo dza dzitshaka === Khoro ya Tsireledzo ya UN yo phasisa Resolution 392, ye ya sasaladza nga maanḓa tshiwo itshi na muvhuso wa khethululo. Nga murahu ha vhege musi mvutshelo yo no thoma, Muṅwaleli wa Muvhuso wa Amerika Vho Henry Kissinger vho ṱangana na Muphuresidennde wa Muvhuso wa Afrika Tshipembe Vho Vorster ngei Dzheremane Vhukovhela u itela u haseledza nga ha vhuimo ha Rhodesia, fhedzi mvutshelo ya Soweto a yo ngo vha hone kha nyambedzano. Kissinger na Vorster vho dovha vha ṱangana Pretoria nga ṅwedzi wa Tshimedzi 1976, vhagudiswa vha Soweto na hunwe vha tshi khou sumbedza u sa tendelana na u dalela hawe na u thuntshiwa nga mapholisa. === 1986 vhupondi === Nga vhusiku ha dzi 26 August 1986, mapholisa vho thuntsha kha musumbedzo kha vhupo ha White City. Vho vhulaha vhathu vha vhukati ha 20 na 25, zwi nga itea vhanzhi, vha huvhadza vha fhiraho 60. Muvhuso wa Afrika Tshipembe wo amba lwa tshiofisi uri ho lovha vhathu vha 11 fhedzi nga murahu wa engedza tshivhalo tsha vha 12. Vha South African Information Bureau vho amba uri mapholisa vho thuntsha zwifhinga zwivhili, tshiṅwe nga murahu ha musi ho poswa grenade kha mapholisa nahone ha huvhadza mapholisa maṋa. Vhadzulapo vhari nndwa yo thoma musi vhaofisiri vhapo vha tshi khou toda u pandela vhahiri vhe vha vha vha tshi khou hana u badela rennde dzavho lwa minwedzi mivhili sa tshipida tsha u ḓidina nga vhathu vhanzhi. Hu pfi mmbi dza tsireledzo mathomoni dzo shumisa gese i bvisaho miṱodzi u balanganya magogo. Nga murahu, mudzulapo o founela muvhigi wa mafhungo a ri, "Mapholisa vha khou thuntsha kha tsha monde na kha tsha u ḽa. Vho sokou thuntsha mukalaha. Vha khou thuntsha muṅwe na muṅwe, tshiṅwe na tshiṅwe". Murangaphanḓa wa UDF Vho-Frank Chikane vho ṱalusa zwiito zwa mapholisa "sa zwine zwa nga dzhena kha vhupo ha maswina, na zwigidi zwi tshi khou duga." Minisiṱa wa Mafhungo Vho-Louis Nel nga murahu vho mbo ḓi sasaladzwa nga u amba kha muṱangano wa vhoramafhungo uri, "Hu songo vha na u sa pfesesana malugana na fhungo ḽa vhukuma ḽine ḽa khou ṱoḓea. A si fhungo ḽa u hira, a si u vha hone ha mmbi dza tsireledzo fhethu hune ha dzula vharema, a si fhungo ḽa u humbula maḓuvha a vhuvemu, a si fhungo ḽa khakhathi na mbekanyamushumo dza tshikolo tsha Afrika Tshipembe." Sa u lifhedza, mukhantseḽara wa ḓorobo wa murema o vhulahwa nga ḓuvha ḽi tevhelaho, a ṱhavhiwa nga tshigwada tsha vhathu. Nga dzi 4 dza Tshimedzi, mapholisa vho ḓadza tshitediamu nga gese i bvisaho miṱodzi u itela u imisa mbulungo ya vhathu vhanzhi vha vhapondwa vhanzhi, vha ṱanganya Soweto na u fhaladza dziṅwe tshumelo dze dza vha dzi tshi khou farwa, hu tshi katelwa na iṅwe ngei Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, he ha poswa zwigoḓelo zwa gese i bvisaho miṱodzi kha bisi ye ya vha i na vhalilaho. Tshumelo ya mavhiḓani a Avalon he ha vhigwa uri ho kuvhangana zwigidi zwo dovha zwa phaḓaladzwa nga gese i bvisaho miṱodzi na goloi dza nndwa. Ho dovha ha vhigwa uri ho poswa gese i bvisaho miṱodzi u bva kha dzihelikhophutha kha matshimbidzele na magogo. == Kha nyanḓadzamafhungo == Zwifanyiso zwa dzikhakhathi zwo phaḓalala shangoni ḽoṱhe nahone zwa tshuwisa vhathu vha dzimilioni. Tshinepe tsha tshitumbu tsha Hector Pieterson, sa zwe zwa dzhiiwa nga muṅwali wa zwinepe Sam Nzima, tsho vhanga vhuhali na u ḓisa u sasaladzwa ha dzitshaka kha muvhuso wa khethululo. Vhuvemu ha Soweto ho sumbedzwa kha filimu ya 1987 nga mulanguli Richard Attenborough, ''Lilani Mbofholowo'' na kha filimu ya muzika wa 1992 ''Sarafina!'' na mveledziso ya muzika wa dzina ḽi fanaho nga Mbongeni Ngema . Vhuvemu ho dovha ha ṱuṱuwedza nganea ''ya Tshifhinga Tshena tsho Omaho'' nga Andre Brink na muvi wa 1989 wa dzina ḽi fanaho . Vhuvutsheli ho dovha ha sumbedzwa kha filimu ya 2003 ''ya Stander'' nga ha mufobvu wa bannga a re na bvumo ḽivhi na mukapuṱeni wa kale wa mapholisa Andre Stander . Maipfi a luimbo " Soweto Blues " nga Hugh Masekela na Miriam Makeba a talutshedza Mvutshelo ya Soweto na tshipida tsha vhana khayo. === Radio === Nga ṅwedzi wa Ṱhangule 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg yo kuvhanganya ḽiṅwalo ḽa radio ḽa awara nthihi nga murahu ha miṅwaha ya 20 ya mvutshelo ḽine ḽa sumbedza zwiitea zwa ḽa 16 Ṱhangule tshoṱhe u bva kha mavhonele a vhathu vhe vha vha vha tshi dzula Soweto nga tshenetsho tshifhinga. Vhunzhi ha matshudeni vhe vha pulana kana u ṱanganela kha mvutshelo, khathihi na dziṅwe ṱhanzi, vho dzhia sia, ho katelwa na mufodi Peter Magubane, muvhigi Sophie Tema na Tim Wilson, dokotela wa mutshena we a amba uri Pieterson o lovha vhuongeloni ha Baragwanath. Mbekanyamushumo yo hashiwa kha SABC na kha zwiṱitshi zwa radio zwapo zwo vhalaho kha ḽoṱhe ḽa Afrika Tshipembe. Ṅwaha u tevhelaho, Radio ya BBC 4 na Tshumelo ya Ḽifhasi ya BBC zwo hasha mbekanyamushumo yo vusuludzwaho i re na nyambedzano ntswa, ''Ḓuvha ḽe khethululo ya fa ngaḽo'' . Mbekanyamushumo yo vha ya vhuvhili kha Pfufho dza TV & Radio dza Ofisi ya Vhuthu ya Tshitshavha tsha Yuropa (ECHO) dza 1998 na kha Pfufho dza Vhuhashi dza 1998 dza One World International Broadcasting Trust nahone yo khoḓiwa vhukuma kha pfufho dza radio dza Prix Italia dza 1998. Nga Lambamai 1999, yo dovha ya hashiwa nga BBC Radio 4 sa ''Lufu lwa Khethululo'' na marangaphanḓa maswa e a ṋetshedza vhubvo ha ḓivhazwakale ho engedzwaho kha vhathetshelesi vha Britain nga Anthony Sampson, mudzudzanyi wa kale wa magazini wa ''Drum'' na muṅwali wa biografi yo tendelwaho (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ṱumanya zwipiḓa zwo bviswaho kha BBC Sound Archive zwe zwa ṱalusa nndwa ndapfu ya u lwa na khethululo u bva kha u vhulahwa ha vhathu vhanzhi ngei Sharpeville nga 1960 u swika kha khakhathi dza 1976 na u vhulahwa ha [[Steve Biko]] u swika Vho-Mandela vha tshi vhofhololwa dzhele nga 1990 na nyambo ya muphuresidennde wa matshelo kha ḽa Afrika ḽe vha ḓivhadza nga ha matshudeni vhe vha vha vho ṋekedza vhutshilo havho ngei Soweto nga ḽa 16 Ṱhangule 1976. <ref>All details from Peter Griffiths of BBC Radio 4 in London</ref> == Sedzani na == * Hastings Ndlovu * Ḓivhazwakale ya Afrika Tshipembe * Mbofholowo phanḓa ha pfunzo . * Ḓuvha ḽa Dzitshaka ḽa Ṅwana wa Afrika == Ndaedzi == {{Reflist|30em}} <references /> {{Political history of South Africa}}{{Greater Johannesburg|hist}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Migwalabo Afurika Tshipembe]] [[Category:U vhalawa nga vhaofisiri vha mulayo Afurika Tshipembe]] [[Category:1976 Afurika Tshipembe]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cl9g4h04p4jmph9tbv86rbl7dnn6pyi