Tacloban

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    <title>Tacloban</title>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-06T12:59:56Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Ginpabalik an ginliwat ni [[Special:Contributions/180.190.38.24|180.190.38.24]] ([[User talk:180.190.38.24|hiruhimangraw]]) ngadto ha urhi nga pagliwat ni [[User:A09|A09]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25000" sha1="2bvavw3qb39ylvsfqu5j02hpx4wbba1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox panimungto
| name                 = Tacloban
| official_name        = Syudad han Tacloban
| settlement_type      = [[Cities of the Philippines#Classification|Highly Urbanized City]]
| image_skyline        = Downtown Tacloban 02.JPG
| image_caption        = An Suláng han San Juanico, An duungan han Tacloban, ngan parte han downtown Tacloban
| image_seal           = Ph seal Tacloban.png
| seal_size            = 100x80px
| nickname             = Gateway to Eastern Visayas
| motto                = 
| image_map             = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_alt               =
| map_caption           = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}}
| pushpin_map           = Philippines
| pushpin_map_caption   = Lokasyon ha sulod han Pilipinas
| coordinates            = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type            = Nasud
| subdivision_name            = [[Philippines]]
| subdivision_type1            = [[Regions of the Philippines|Rehiyon]]
| subdivision_type2            = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Probinsya]]
| subdivision_name1            = [[Eastern Visayas]] (Rehiyon VIII)
| subdivision_name2            = [[Leyte (province)|Leyte]] {{small|(ha kamumutang la)}}
| subdivision_name3     = [[Legislative districts of Leyte#1st District|Syahan nga Distrito han Leyte]]
| established_title     = Established&lt;br /&gt;{{nowrap|Provincial capital&lt;ref name=RA760&gt;{{cite web
 | url        = http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno760.html#.UUl6aJAZ5H0
 | title      = Republic act no. 760 - an act creating the city of tacloban
 | quote      = Section 1.    This Act shall be known as the Charter of the City of Tacloban
 | date       = 20 Hunyo 1952
 | accessdate = 20 Marso 2013
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;Chartered city&lt;br /&gt;Highly urbanized city&lt;ref&gt;[[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|COMELEC]] [http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=otherres/MR090036   Minute Resolution No. 09-0036]&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_date      = {{PH wikidata|founded}}
| parts_type            = [[Barangay]]
| parts                 = 138 (see § [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| government_footnotes  = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dilg.gov.ph/cities.php |title=Cities |publisher=Department of the Interior and Local Government |location=Quezon City, Philippines |accessdate=8 Abril 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530144453/http://dilg.gov.ph/cities.php |archivedate=30 Mayo 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type       = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| leader_party          = [[Nacionalista Party (Philippines)|NP]]
| leader_title          = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}}
| leader_name           = Alfred S. Romualdez  
| leader_title1         = {{PH wikidata|vicemayor_title}}
| leader_name1          = Edwin Y. Chua
| area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=nscb&gt;{{cite web |title=Province: Leyte |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName=REGION+VIII+%28Eastern+Visayas%29&amp;regCode=08&amp;provCode=083700000&amp;provName=LEYTE |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=20 Hunyo 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines |archive-date=15 Oktubre 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015102432/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provCode=083700000&amp;provName=LEYTE&amp;regCode=08&amp;regName=REGION%20VIII%20%28Eastern%20Visayas%29 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2         = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| elevation_min_m        = 2
| population_total       = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of       = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes   = {{PH census|current}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = {{PH wikidata|electorate_title}}
| population_blank1       = {{PH wikidata|electorate}}
| population_blank2_title = Language
| population_blank2       = {{PH wikidata|language}}
| population_demonym = {{PH wikidata|demonym}}
| population_note    =
| postal_code_type   = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP Code]]
| postal_code        = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code          = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| area_code_type     = {{areacodestyle}}
| blank_name_sec1    = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
| blank_info_sec1    = {{PH wikidata|income_class_ordinal}}
| blank1_name_sec1   = {{PSGCstyle}}
| blank1_info_sec1   = {{PSGC detail}}
| website            = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| footnotes          =
| coordinates_region    = {{PH wikidata|coordinates_region}}
| leader_title2         = {{PH wikidata|council_title}}
| leader_name2          = {{PH Town Council
 | Edwin Chua
 | Jerry Uy
 | Elvie Casal
 | Edward Chua
 | Willy Domingo
 | Vangie Esperas
 | Rachelle Pineda
 | Aimee Grafil
 | Raissa Villasin
 | Jom Bagulaya
 | Eden Chua-Pineda
 | com = http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/eleksyon2016/results/local/REGION+VII/CEBU/CEBU+CITY?tfb_a
 }}
| elevation_max_m        = 21
| timezone           = [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]]
| utc_offset         = +8
}}
An '''Syudad han Tacloban''' usa nga Highly Urbanized City (HUC) han [[Sinirangan Bisayas]] paagi han Presidential Proclamation No. 1637. Gawas na ini nga syudad han jurisdiksyon han probinsya han [[Leyte (probinsya)|Leyte]]. Han amihanan han syudad an bungto han [[Babatngon, Leyte|Babatngon]], ha salatan o habagatan an bungto han [[Palo, Leyte|Palo]].  Ha katundan han syudad mabibilngan an bungto han [[Alangalang, Leyte|Alangalang]].  An Tacloban nahamutangan ha [[Baybayon han Kankabatok]] (o Kankabatok Bay) ngan Baybayon han Panalaron ha [[Estrecho han San Juanico]] o San Juanico Strait.  Ha sidlangan han syudad, tabok han Estrecho de San Juanico, mabibilngan an isla o puro han [[Samar]].  Iton mga bungto han Samar nga tabok han Tacloban, amo an [[Basay, Samar|Basay]] ngan [[Santa Rita, Samar|Santa Rita]].  

Ini in mayda 360 milya (580 km) kaharayo tikang ha Manila. Sumala han 2015 nga senso, mayda ini populasyon nga 242,089 ngan ini an mayda gidadamoi nga tawo nga syudad ha Sinirangan Bisayas. Han 2016 nga piniliay, mayda ini 124,777 nga rehistrado nga botante.

Ini liwat an sentro panrehiyon han Sinirangan Bisayas, tungod nga ini an panguna ha ganghaan han mga idro ha rehiyon. An Tacloban nagin ulohan han Pilipinas kadali, tikang han 20 Oktubre 1944 tubtob 27 Pebrero 1945.

Han ika-8 han Nobyembre 2013, naruba ini nga syudad han paglasurbo han Bagyo Yolanda, nga nahitabo liwat ha kapareho nga destroso ngan pagkawara han kinabuhi hadin 1897 ngan 1912.

Han ika-17 han Enero 2015, hi Papa Francisco ginbisita an Tacloban upod han iya lista han mga lugar nga bibisitahon. Nagkamay-ada misa ha San Jose Airport.

==Kasaysayan==

Ha pagtikang, an ngaran han lugar nga kabahin han Tacloban ginngaranan nga Kankabatok (ha lain nga kasurat: Cancabato, Kankabato).  Hi Kabatok (o Kabato) kuno amo an syahan nga nag-ukoy ha lugar.  An mga sinmunod nga kinmada ngan nag-ukoy hira Gumoda, Huraw ngan iba pa.

Mayda lain nga teoriya hi Dr. Rolando Borrinaga mahitungod han ngaran nga Kabatok.  Siring niya, nga an Tacloban, amo an resulta tikang han pag-usa hin duduha nga mga baranggay, an baranggay Kankabatok (nga ha pagtikang dida hiton Baranggay San Fernando yana) ngan an baranggay Kanhuraw (an baranggay nga diin nahimutang an City Hall).  Ha Binisaya nga Winaray, iton &quot;kabatok&quot; (o 'kapatok') nangangahulogan nga kaaway, amo nga an literal nga kahulogan han &quot;Kankabatok&quot; &quot;an gintatag-iyahan han kaaway&quot;.  Siring ni Dr. Borinaga, an baranggay Kanhuraw, kabahin han ginhadi-an ni Kandaya nga naglalakip hin mga bahin ha Leyte ngan Samar.  An mga baranggay nga kaaway han Kanhuraw ngan Kandaya amo an Kankabatok.  (Dugang pa ni Dr. Borrinaga, amo kuno ini an rason nga mayda mga hagrani nga baranggay nga baga sugad liwat it ngaran sugad han ''Campetic'' (o Kan Pitik) nga nangangahulogan ''gintatag-iyahan ni Pitik'' ngan ''Candahug'' (o Kan Dahog) nga karugsidngon ''gintatag-iyahan ni Dahog'').

Subay hini nga mga ngaran, mayda mga nasiring nga makikit-an an pamahungpahong han katilingban diin ini nga mga lugar hikakagian. Sugad han pulong nga &quot;pitik,&quot; pananglitan. Ini nga pulong nangangahulogan nga &quot;latik&quot;. Ha konteksto han pag-awayan,aton nakikita an opensiba nga personalidad ni Pitik. Sugad gihapon ini hi Dahug. An pulong nga &quot;dahog&quot; nangangahulogan hin &quot;pagpaol-ol,o sobra pa.&quot; Nahimamaol-ol an hin-o man nga magtatalapas han nasabi nga dapit--Candahug, kun sugad.An istorya han ngaran nga &quot;Kankabatok&quot; in pwede kitaon hin sugad nga paglantaw.

An Kankabatok nagtikang komo usa nga barrio han [[Basay, Samar]].  Nahibulag ini nga nahimo nga lain nga bungto. 

An ngaran nga ''Tacloban'' nakuha daw tikang hin usa nga pamaagi hin pangisda o panagat nga masurong han una dida hini nga bungto nga tinatawag ''panaklob''.  An ngaran nga ''Tacloban'' nangangahulogan nga ''diin nananaklob''.

Han pag-abot han mga Americano, an Tacloban amo an gingamit nga ''base of operations'' han mga Americano han ira mga opensiba-militar ha Samar dida han Panahon han Gyera nga Pilipinhon-Americano.  An ''Camp Bumpus'' nga yana dida nahimutang an ''Leyte Park Hotel'' amo an campo militar han mga Americano.  (Ginkuha an ngaran han campo tikang hin sundalo nga hi Bumpus nga usa han namatay dida han [[Nahinabo ha Balangiga]] o Balangiga Incident).

Ha panahon han Ika-Duha nga Pankalibutan nga Gyera, an Tacloban amo an naging kapital han Commonwealth han Pilipinas ha pagbalik han mga fuerza Pilipinhon ug Americano tikang 1944 hangtod 1945 nga nahibalik an kapital ha Manila.

Ha 12 han Hunyo 1953, an Tacloban nahimo nga syudad katapos han pagpirma ni Presidente Elpidio Quirino han balaod nga nagbalhin han Tacloban tikang hin bungto ngadto hin syudad.  An syahan nga alkalde han syudad hi [[Ildefonso Cinco]].

==Gobyerno==
=== Pamunuan han Lalawigan ===
An Tacloban yana usa na nga Highly Urbanized City (HUC) hadtong Disyembre 18, 2008 pinaagi han referendum.  Ini nga syudad it bungto han Probinsiya han Leyte. Tacloban an pirmiro nga HUC ha rehiyon otso (Eastern Visayas)ngan ika-34 ha bug-os na Pilipinas.
([File: National Statistics Coordination Board, Region VIII nga opisina])
[[File:Leyte Provincial Capitol.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Kapitolyo han Leyte]]

=== Pamunuan han Siyudad ===
An balay han Siyudad nakatindog dida ha Kanhuraw Hill.  Tungod hini danay tawagon nga Kanhuraw ang pamunuan han Siyudad han Tacloban
[[File:Tacloban City Hall 2016.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Balay han Ciudad han Tacloban]]

=== Mga Baranggay ===

An Tacloban mayda usa ka gatos katloan kag walo (138) nga baranggay.

&lt;table border=0&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Barangay 2
* Nula-tula (Bgys. 3 &amp; 3A)
* Libertad (Barangays 1 &amp; 4)
* Barangay 5
* Barangay 6
* Barangay 6-A
* Barangay 7
* Barangay 8
* Barangay 100 (San Roque)
* Barangay 101 (New Kawayan)
* Barangay 102 (Old Kawayan)
* Barangay 103 (Palanog)
* Barangay 103-A (San Paglaum)
* Barangay 104 (Salvacion)
* Barangay 105 (Suhi)
* Barangay 106 (Santo Niño)
* Barangay 107 (Santa Elena)
* Barangay 108 (Tagapuro)
* Barangay 12
* Barangay 13
* Barangay 14
* Barangay 15
* Barangay 16
* Barangay 17
* Barangay 18
* Barangay 19
* Barangay 20
* Barangay 21
* Barangay 21-A
* Barangay 22
* Barangay 23
* Barangay 24
* Barangay 25
* Barangay 26
* Barangay 27
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Barangay 28
* Barangay 29
* Barangay 30
* Barangay 31
* Barangay 32
* Barangay 33
* Barangay 34
* Barangay 35
* Barangay 35-A
* Barangay 36
* Barangay 37
* Barangay 37-A
* Barangay 38
* Barangay 39
* Barangay 40
* Barangay 41
* Barangay 42
* Barangay 43
* Barangay 43-A
* Barangay 43-B
* Barangay 44
* Barangay 44-A
* Barangay 45
* Barangay 46
* Barangay 47
* Barangay 48
* Barangay 49
* Barangay 50
* Barangay 50-A
* Barangay 50-B
* Barangay 51
* Barangay 52
* Barangay 53
* Barangay 54
* El Reposo (Barangays 55 &amp; 55
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Barangay 56
* Barangay 57
* Barangay 58
* Barangay 59
* Barangay 60
* Barangay 60-A
* Barangay 61
* Barangay 62
* Barangay 63
* Barangay 64
* Barangay 65
* Barangay 66
* Barangay 66-A
* Barangay 67
* Barangay 68
* Barangay 69
* Barangay 70
* Barangay 71
* Barangay 72
* Barangay 73
* Barangay 74
* Barangay 75
* Barangay 76
* Barangay 77
* Barangay 78 (Marasbaras)
* Barangay 79 (Marasbaras)
* Barangay 80 (Marasbaras)
* Barangay 81 (Marasbaras)
* Barangay 82 (Marasbaras)
* Barangay 83 (San Jose)
* Barangay 83-A (San Jose)
* Barangay 84 (San Jose)
* Barangay 85 (San Jose)
* Barangay 86
* Barangay 87
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Barangay 88
* Barangay 89
* Barangay 90 (San Jose)
* Barangay 91 (Abucay)
* Barangay 92 (Apitong)
* Barangay 93 (Bagacay)
* Barangay 94 (Tigbao)
* Barangay 95 (Caibaan)
* Barangay 96 (Calanipawan)
* Barangay 97 (Cabalawan)
* Barangay 98 (Camansinay)
* Barangay 99 (Diit)
* Barangay 109 (V &amp; G Subd.)
* Barangay 109-A
* Barangay 110 (Utap)
* Barangay 5-A
* Barangay 36-A
* Barangay 42-A
* Barangay 48-A
* Barangay 48-B
* Barangay 51-A
* Barangay 54-A
* Barangay 56-A
* Barangay 59-A
* Barangay 59-B
* Barangay 62-A
* Barangay 62-B
* Barangay 83-B
* Barangay 83-C (San Jose)
* Barangay 95-A (Caibaan)
* Barangay 8-A
* Barangay 23-A
* Barangay 94-A
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==Ekonomiya==
Ha ekonomiya, iton Tacloban usa han mga pinakamalaksi nga natubo nga mga syudad ha Pilipinas. Dinhi nahamutangan an gidako-i nga [[luparan]] han rehiyon ngan mayda nahasalipdan nga duruungan o puerto hin mga barko. An produkto nga dako ha pag-export amo an [[lugit]] o kopra. Nagtukod an gobyerno hin zona ekonomika (economic zone), an ''Eastern Visayas Regional Growth Center'' (EVRGC) agod makuha an kadam-an hin mga katpong ug edukado nga mga trabahante. Iton mga investor ha EVRGC gintataga-an hin mga ''tax exemption'' ug ''incentive'', ug iba pa nga mga pribilehiyo, tikang han mga gobyerno nasyonal ug lokal. 

[[File:Zamora Street, Downtown Tacloban.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Dalan han Zamora]]

An usa liwat nga naka-upay hini para hiton mga investor amo an paggamit hin elektrika koryente han syudad tikang han dako nga Tongonan [[Geothermal]] Power Plant, nga damo iton nakukuha nga koryente nga diri gud duro naapektohan han mga presyo han lana ha kalibutan. Damo gihapon iton katigayunan hin tubig (water resources). An Tacloban amo liwat an ganghaan ngadto han Leyte Industrial Development Estate ha Isabel, nga didto nahimutangan an Philippine [[Phosphate]] Fertilizer Plant, an gidako-i nga ''factory'' hin ''fertilizer'' ha Asia, ug an Philippine Associated Smelter and Refining Company, an gidako-i nga ''copper procesing plant'' ngan nasod.

==Pag-aram/Edukasyon==

Dida hit syudad nahamutangan in mga dagko nga mga institusyon hin pag-aram (educational institution) nga ginpapaluyo han gobyerno sugad hiton [[University of the Philippines]] Tacloban, an Leyte Normal University, an [[Eastern Visayas State University]] (nga han una amo an Leyte Institute of Technology), ug an Leyte National High School (nga gin-agnayan nga Leyte High). An National Maritime Polytechnic, kilalado komo usa han mga nangunguna ha teknolohiya nga mga iskwehan nga maritime ha Asia adto liwat ha Tacloban, nahamutangan ha Baranggay Cabalawan, sapit la hiton Tulay San Juanico. Harani liwat an UP School of Health Sciences (nga nahamutangan ha  [[Palo, Leyte]]).  Ha mga pribado nga iskwelahan nga adto o harani ha Tacloban, lakip hini an RTR Foundation (an gidako-i nga medical school han rehiyon), an Asian Development College, an Holy Infant College, an Leyte Colleges, an Saint Paul School of Professional Studies (adto liwat ha Palo, usa han mga gidako-i, kon ha populasyon han mga istudyante, nga mga business schools ha gawas hit Manila), an AMA Computer College, STI, an St. Scholastica's College, an Alpha-Omega Learning Center, an [[Leyte Progressive High School]], an Sacred Heart College, ug an UCFLP Pre-elementary School.

=== Primarya Elementarya ===
==== Publiko ====
&lt;table border=0&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Rizal Central Scool
* RTR Elementary School
* Lorenzo Daa Memorial School
* Salvacion Elementary School
* Caibaan Elementary School
* Bliss Elementary School
* Tagpuro Elementary School
* San Fernando Central School
* Dr. Bañez Memorial School
* Palanog Resettlement School
* San Roque Elementary School
* Bayanihan Elementary School
* Judge Antonio R. Montilla Elem. School
* Kapangian Central School
* Sto. Niño SPED Center
* Sta. Elena Elementary School
* Bonifacio Bulante Elementary School
* Cabalawan Elementary School
* Basper Elementary School
* Palanog Elementary School
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Panalaron Central School
* Sagkahan Elementary School
* Tigbao-Diit Elementary School
* Bagacay Elementary School
* Diit Mercyville Primary School
* San Jose Central School
* Marasbaras Elementary School
* Don vicente Quintero Memorial School
* Nula-Tula Elementary School
* Camansihay Elementary School
* Sto. Niño Primary School
* Fisherman's Village Elementary School
* Manlurip Primary School
* City Central School
* Anibong Elementary School
* V&amp;G Memorial School
* Lucio Vivero Elementary School
* Old Kawayan Primary School
* Scandinavian Elementary School
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Laboratory School ====
* Leyte Normal University
* Eastern Visayas State University

==== Pribado ====
&lt;table border=0&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Alpha Omega Learning Center
* Arc Angelus Civitas School, Inc.
* Asian Development Foundation College
* Blessed Joseph Freinademetz Kinder
* Bright Sparks International
* Eastern Visayas College Prep. School
* Grace Baptist Academy
* Holy Infant College
* Holy Virgin of Salvacion School, Inc.
* Jansen Heights Learning Foundation
* JE Mondejar Computer College
* Kiddie Home Child Development Inc.
* Leyte Progressive High School
* Liceo del Verbo Divino
* Colegio de la Salle Fondacion 
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Penarada Tutorial Center
* Perpetual Help Learning Center
* Regional Continuing Educ (SPED)
* Sacred Heart College of Tacloban
* St. Agnes Educational Foundation
* St. Anthony SPEC Center Foundation
* St. Lawrence Xavier Early Academy House, Inc.
* Tacloban City Adventist School
* St. Therese Child Development Foundation
* St. Therese Educational Foundation of Leyte(STEFTI) 
* Sto. Niño Educational Center
* Tacloban Angelicum Learning Center
* Tacloban Electonics Institute
* United Church Family Life Program
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Segundarya ===
==== Publiko ====
&lt;table border=0&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Leyte National High School
* Marasbaras National High School
* Cirilo Roy Montejo National High School
* Sagkahan National High School
* San Jose National High School
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Tacloban City National High School
* Tacloban City Night High School
* Tacloban National Agri. School
* CRM Night High School
* San Jose Night High School
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==== Pribado ====
&lt;table border=0&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Asian Development Foundation College
* Centre for International Education - Tacloban Campus
* Eastern Visayas College Preparatory School
* Grace Baptist Academy
* Holy Infant College
* Holy Virgin of Salvacion School, Inc.
* Leyte Progressive High School
* Leyte Colleges
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Liceo del Verbo Divino
* Sacred Heart School of Tacloban
* St. Therese Child Development Center (STECL)
* St. Therese Christian Development Center
* St. Therese Educational Foundation of Tacloban Inc. (STEFTI)
* Tacloban Angelicum Learning Center
* Tacloban Montessori High School
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

=== Kolehiyo/Unibersidad/Aradman pan Teknikal ===
&lt;table border=0&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Holy Infant College
* St. Scholastica's College of Health Sciences
* ABE International College of Business
* AMA Computer College
* Asian Development Foundation College
* Collegio De La Salle Foundation de Tacloban
* Vicente D. Romualdez Educational Foundation
* Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Foundation
* Holy Spirit Foundation of Leyte
* Holy Virgin of Salvacion Foundation
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* JE Mondejar Computer College
* Jose Navarro Polytechnic Institute
* Leyte Colleges
* Leyte Polytechnic Institute
* Leyte School of Professionals
* STI College Tacloban
* Leyte Normal University
* Eastern Visayas State University
* Tacloban College Foundation
* University of the Philippines Tacloban College 
* Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
* National Maritime Polytechnic
* Centre for International Education - Tacloban Campus
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==Hospital==
* Divine Word Hospital
* Bethany Hospital
* RTR Medical Foundation
* EVRMC (Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center)
* Tacloban City Hospital
* Tacloban Doctors Medical Center
* Mother of Mercy Hospital

Amo ini an mga hospital ha Tacloban.

MGA KLINIKA NGAN HEALTH CENTERS
* &lt;nowiki&gt;'''City Health Office'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; (Kanhuraw Hill)
* &lt;nowiki&gt;'''Sagkahan Health/ Birthing Center'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;'''San Jose Health/Birthing Center'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;'''Diit Health/Birthing Center'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==Turismo==
An [[Tulay San Juanico]], amo an gihalaba-i nga tulay ha Pilipinas ngan nadugtong ini hiton Tacloban ngadto hit ika-tulo nga gidako-i nga isla han Pilipinas, an isla han [[Samar]]. An Tulay San Juanico 2.1 ka kilometero, nahamutangan ha Baranggay Cabalawan ug usa han mga dagko nga kiritaon han mga turista dinhi nga syudad. Ha syudad gihapon nahimutangan an Price Mansion ug an Redoña Residence nga amo an mga gin-ukyan nira General Douglas MacArthur ug Presidente [[Sergio Osmeña]] han pagbalik han mga Americano ha Pilipinas dida han Ika-Duha nga Gyera Pangkalibotan.  Iba nga mga kiritaon nga hagrani amo an Katedral han Palo (nahamutangan ini [[Palo, Leyte]] mga 11 ka kilometros tikang ha Tacloban); an mansyon ni Imelda Marcos nga baga hin sugad han [[Versailles]]; an MacArthur National Park (nahamutangan ini ha Baranggay Candahug ha [[Palo, Leyte]] mga 6-7 ka kilometros tikang ha Tacloban), mga World War II nga site ug memorial, ngan mga pipira nga mga baybayon o ''beaches'' nga napalibot hit syudad ug mga hagrani nga mga bungto.

==Mga Medya==
=== Newspaper ===
Ginsisirbi-an an Tacloban han mga sumurunod nga peryodiko

* Sun.Star Tacloban
* Sun.Star Superbalita Tacloban
* Leyte Samar Daily Express
* EV Mail
* San Juanico News

==Relihiyon==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Sto. Niño Church of Tacloban.jpg|Singbahan han Santo Niño han Tacloban
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Nahiaraan (Kultura) ngan Arte==
=== Mga Adlaw han Kapistahan ha Tacloban ===

Kalendaryo han mga Kapistahan ha Tacloban
&lt;table border=0&gt;
&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Enero 11 - Scandinavian
* Enero 13 - Alimasag
* Enero 15 - Fishermen's Village
* Pebrero 11 - V&amp;G Subdivision
* Pebrero 11 - Imelda Village
* Marso 19 - Cabalawan
* Mayo 2 - Basper
* Mayo 2 - Old Kawayan
* Mayo 6 - Soliman
* Mayo 7 - New Kawayan
* Mayo 12 - San Isidro
* Mayo 13 - Fatima Village
* Mayo 14 - Camansihay
* Mayo 15 - Calanipawan
* Mayo 15 - Naga-Naga
* Mayo 15 - San Isidro (Suhi)
* Mayo 15 - Utap
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Mayo 16 - Abucay
* Mayo 16 - Apitong
* Mayo 18 - Di-it
* Mayo 21 - Marasbaras
* Mayo 23 - JE Palanog
* Mayo 24 - Cabalawan
* Mayo 25 - San Jose
* Mayo 26 - Palanog
* Mayo 28 - San Roque
* Mayo 30 - Lower Nula-Tula
* Mayo 31 - Upper Nula-Tula
* Hunyo 2 - Santa Elena
* Hunyo 3 - Rawis, Anibong
* Hunyo 15 - Caibaan
* Hunyo 16 - Sto. Nino
* Ika duha nga Dominggo han Hunyo - Sacred Heart Parish
* Hunyo 20 - Costa Brava
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=top&gt;
* Hunyo 30 - '''Syudad han Tacloban'''
* Hulyo 10 - Anibong
* Ika duha nga Sabado han Agosto - San Fernando
* Agosto 16 - Tigbao
* Agosto 23 - Burayan, San Jose
* Agosto 25 - Serin / Torres
* Agosto 25 - Tagpuro
* Agosto 26 - Manlurip
* Agosto 27 - Sea Wall
* Agosto 29 - Quarry
* Agosto 30 - Sabang
* Octobre 16 - Sampaguita
* Octobre 22 - Buho
* Octobre 22 - Pericohon
* Octobre 24 - Sagkahan / Bliss
* Octobre 28 - San Gerardo &amp; PHHC
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
----

==Kitaa Gihapon==
* [[Alkalde han Tacloban|Lista han mga alkalde han Tacloban]]

==Mga Dugang nga Barasahon==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091022054613/http://geocities.com/rolborr/tacsoc.html http://www.geocities.com/rolborr/tacsoc.html] &lt;br /&gt;Mga Barasahon mahitungod han Tacloban ni Dr. Rolando Borrinaga

==Mga Sumpay ha Gawas==
* [http://www.tacloban.gov.ph/ Opisyal nga Websayt han Tacloban]
* [http://elgu.ncc.gov.ph/ecommunity/tacloban/ ELGU nga websayt han Tacloban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425234518/http://elgu.ncc.gov.ph/ecommunity/tacloban/ |date=2005-04-25 }}
* [http://www.tacloban.org/ Websayt mahitungod hit Tacloban]
* [http://taclobanoids.org Taclobanoids.org nga Forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315165232/http://www.taclobanoids.org/ |date=2016-03-15 }} 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991006143025/http://members.tripod.com/Taclobanon/ Taclobanon han Southern California]
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ |date=2013-10-04 }}

{{Commons category|Tacloban}}

{{Leyte}}
[[Category:Tacloban]]</text>
      <sha1>2bvavw3qb39ylvsfqu5j02hpx4wbba1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catbalogan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770180</id>
      <parentid>7770089</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T13:00:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A09</username>
        <id>47388</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Ginpabalik an ginliwat ni [[Special:Contributions/180.190.38.24|180.190.38.24]] ([[User talk:180.190.38.24|hiruhimangraw]]) ngadto ha urhi nga pagliwat ni [[User:Bluemask|Bluemask]]</comment>
      <origin>7767156</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6690" sha1="7cfki588o24oc9svwt5cwc7oyr6ug23" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox syudad Pilipinas 
|ngaran             = Catbalogan 
|locatormapfile     = Ph_locator_samar_catbalogan.png 
|caption            = Mapa han [[Samar (probinsya)|Lalawigan han Samar]] nga nagpapakita kon hain nahamutang an Catbalogan 
|rehiyon            = [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] (Rehiyon VIII) 
|probinsya          = [[Samar (probinsya)|Samar]] (Kapital) 
|mga distrito       = ikaduha nga distrito han Samar
|mga baranggay      = 57 
|klase              = 
|alkalde            = Hon. Stephany Uy-Tan
|kahimo nga syudad  =  
|websayt            = [http://www.catbalogan.gov.ph] 
|kahaluagkm2        = 274.22 
|pop2010            = 94,317
|popden2010         = 787
|mga coordinate     = 11°47' ha Amihanan 124°53' ha Sidlangan 
|

}}

An '''Syudad han Catbalogan''' usa nga syudad ha [[lalawigan Pilipinhon|lalawigan]] han [[Samar (lalawigan)|Samar]] ha [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] nga rehiyon han [[Kabisay-an]] ha [[Pilipinas]].  Amo ini an kapital han lalawigan.  Sumala han [[2000|2010]] nga senso, mayda ini populasyon nga 94,317 ka tawo ha 16,100 nga panimalay.

== Mga baranggay ==

An Catbalogan mayda kalim-an kag pito (57) nga baranggay.

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
* Albalate  
* Bagongon  
* Bangon  
* Basiao  
* Buluan  
* Bunuanan  
* Cabugawan  
* Cagudalo  
* Cagusipan  
* Cagutian  
* Cagutsan  
* Canhawan Guti  
* Canlapwas (Pob.)  
* Cawayan  
* Cinco  
* Darahuway Daco  
* Darahuway Guti  
* Estaka
* Guindapunan 
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
* Guinsorongan 
* Ibol 
* Iguid  
* Lagundi  
* Libas  
* Lobo  
* Manguehay  
* Maulong  
* Mercedes  
* Mombon
* Muñoz (Poblacion 14)  
* New Mahayag  
* Old Mahayag  
* Palanyogon  
* Pangdan  
* Payao  
* Poblacion 1 (Barangay 1)  
* Poblacion 2 (Barangay 2) 
* Poblacion 3 (Barangay 3)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;  
* Poblacion 4 (Barangay 4)  
* Poblacion 5 (Barangay 5)  
* Poblacion 6 (Barangay 6)
* Poblacion 7 (Barangay 7)  
* Poblacion 8 (Barangay 8)  
* Poblacion 9 (Barangay 9)  
* Poblacion 10 (Barangay 10)  
* Poblacion 11 (Barangay 11)  
* Poblacion 12 (Barangay 12)  
* Poblacion 13 (Barangay 13)  
* Pupua  
* Rama  
* San Andres  
* San Pablo  
* San Roque  
* San Vicente  
* Silanga 
* Socorro  
* Totoringon  
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

== Gintikangan ==

Han [[Pebrero 5]], [[2007]] nahimo nga balaod an Buhat han Republika 9391 (o ''Republic Act 9391'') nga nagbabalyu han Catbalogan ngadto hin pagkasyudad.  Han [[Hunyo 16]], [[2007]] ginbuhat an plebisito nga diin gin-aprobahan han mga Catbaloganon an pagbalyu han Catbalogan tikang hin bungto ngadto hin syudad.    Kundi, nabawi an pagkasyudad hini upod hin 15 nga iba nga mga syudad, katapos han paghatag han Korte Suprema han Pilipinas hin petisyon nga gindara han [[Liga hin mga Syudad han Pilipinas]], ngan nagdeklara nga an balaod nga naghimo hin syudad (RA 9391) nga nagtugot han bungto nga magin syudad, nga natalapas han Batakan-Balaod.  An mga nasiring nga syudad, siring han korte, waray kuno makatuman han mga panginahanglanon agod magin syudad ini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/news/courtnews%20flash/2008/11/11180803.php |access-date=2009-05-24 |archive-date=2012-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220010745/http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/news/courtnews%20flash/2008/11/11180803.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Han Disyembre 10, 2008, nagpadangat  hin ''motion for reconsideration'' an Catbalogan ngan an 15 nga iba nga mga syudad nga naapektaran ngadto ha Korte Suprema.  Katapos hin usa ka tuig, han Disyembre 22, 2009, ha pagbuhat hini nga ''appeal'', ginbalik han Korte an una nga paghukom hini ngadto han pagkasyudad ngahaw   {{cita|''&quot;at the end of the day, the passage of the amendatory law'' (regarding the criteria for cityhood as set by Congress) ''is no different from the enactment of a law, i.e., the cityhood laws specifically exempting a particular political subdivision from the criteria earlier mentioned. Congress, in enacting the exempting law/s, effectively decreased the already codified indicators.&quot;''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tribuneonline.org/nation/20091223nat1.html  SC reverses self, upholds creation of 16 cities]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;(kun ha Winaray: &quot;Ha katapusan han adlaw, an pag-aproba han pagliwat nga balaod (mahiunong han mga surondon para hin pagin-syudad nga ginbutang han Kongreso) diri nag-iiba tikang han pagpagawas hin balaod, sugad han mga balaod mahiunong han pagin-syudad nga nag-espesipikar/naghihindu ug  nga diri kinahanglan sumunod in partikular nga usa nga ubos-nga-kabahin nga politika tikang han nasiring nga mga surondon.  Ha paghimo han mga nag-exemptar nga mga balaod an Kongreso nagpaguti-ay han mga daan na nga nakabutang nga mga na-indikar&quot;).}}  Mahiunong hini, nahibalik an pagin-syudad han Catbalogan.

== Pangabuhi ==
An premira nga pangabuhi han mga katawhan didi ha Catbalogan amo an pagtraysikol, pangisda, komersyo ug pangopesina.Tungod han kadagatan nga napalibot han Catbalogan, usa han premira nga pakabuhi an pangisda kun diin an mga mangirisda nagkakamay-ada hin dako nga oportunidad nga nabuhi ha ira mga pamilya. An pagtraysikol ug usa liwat nga pakabuhian ha Catbalogan nga kaparte han kultura han mga Katbaloganon. Tungod han natikadamo na mga establisyemento ha Catbalogan , natikadako liwat an oportunidad hin pangabuhi ha komersyo ug mga opisina.

== Transportasyon ==
An Catbalogan pwede maabot  tikang Manila ug Tacloban pinaagi hin dagat ug tuna

== Malls ==
* CityMall Catbalogan 
* Robinsons Place Catbalogan 
* SM City Catbalogan

== Mga kasarigan ==
{{reflist}}

== Kitaa Gihapon ==

* [[Lista han mga alkalde han Catbalogan]]

== Mga Sumpay ha Gawas ==

* [http://www.catbalogan.gov.ph/ Opisyal nga Websayt han Catbalogan]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [http://samartambayan.net/ Web Portal mahitungod han Catbalogan ngan han Samar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053254/http://samartambayan.net/ |date=2007-06-22 }}
* [http://catbalogan.lgu-ph.com/ Websayt mahitungod han Catbalogan, Samar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123151311/http://catbalogan.lgu-ph.com/ |date=2005-11-23 }}
* [http://www.batch2006.com/visit_catbalogan.htm Catbalogan, Samar bag-o nga mga litarato]
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
* [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050923180448/http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ |date=2005-09-23 }}


{{Samar1}}
[[Kaarangay:Catbalogan]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Borongan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>61</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770179</id>
      <parentid>7768917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T13:00:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A09</username>
        <id>47388</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/180.190.38.24|180.190.38.24]] ([[User talk:180.190.38.24|talk]]) to last revision by Bluemask (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>7770179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9483" sha1="l8tdqpixtw09qlnmok163yidhvgrz87" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox syudad Pilipinas |
 ngaran             = Syudad han Borongan|
 sealfile           = Borongan_City_Seal.jpg|
 imagefile          = BayBay_Boulevard.jpg|
 imagecaption       = Baybay Boulevard|
 locatormapfile     = Ph_locator_eastern samar_borongan.png |
 caption            = Mapa han [[Eastern Samar|Eastern Samar]] nga nagpapakita kon hain nahimutang an Borongan. |
 rehiyon            = [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] (Rehiyon VIII) |
 probinsya          = [[Eastern Samar|Eastern Samar]] |
 mga distrito       = |
 mga baranggay      =61 Barangay |
 klase              = ikalima nga klase nga syudad |
 alkalde            = Jose Ivan ''Dayan'' Agda|
 kahimo nga syudad  = Hunyo 21, 2007|
 kahaluagkm2        = |
 pop2010            = 69,297&lt;ref name=NSO10&gt;{{cite web |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/population-region-viii-eastern-visayas-based-2015-census-population|title=Population of Region VIII - Eastern Visayas (Based on the 2015 Census of Population) }}&lt;/ref&gt; |
 popden2000         = |
 mga coordinate     = |
}}

An '''Borongan''' usa nga syudad ha [[lalawigan ha Pilipinas|lalawigan o probinsya]] han [[Eastern Samar]] ha [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] nga rehiyon ha [[Kabisay-an]] ha [[Pilipinas]]. Amo ini an kapital han Eastern Samar. Sumala han [[2000|2015]] census, mayda ini populasyon nga 69,297 ka tawo&lt;ref&gt;https://psa.gov.ph/content/population-region-viii-eastern-visayas-based-2015-census-population&lt;/ref&gt;.
Ginsasapitan an Borongan ha amihan o norte nga dapit han munisipalidad  han [[San Julian, Eastern Samar|San Julian]], ha sur o salatan nga dapit, han munisipalidad han [[Maydolong]]; ha katundan o weste nga dapit han Samar, ginsasapitan an Borongan han  [[Hinabangan]], [[Calbiga]], [[Pinabacdao]] ngan [[Basay, Samar|Basay]]; ngan ha sinirangan nga dapit han dagat Pasipiko.

== Etimolohiya&lt;ref&gt;https://msgrlope.blogspot.com/2012/11/a-history-of-borongan-eastern-samar1604.html&lt;/ref&gt; ==
''Bo-róng-gan'' an tama nga pag luwas, an ngaran nga Borongan kinuha tikang ha pulong ''&quot;borong&quot;,'' nangangahulogan ha Waray-waray nga linggwahe &quot;yamog&quot; o ''fog.'' An bukiron nga lugar han ''Siyudad han Borongan'' inin na natatahuban han yamog o borong ngin mataghum ngan mauran nga mga panahon, ngan kaurugan mga kaagahon nga pangorason. Tungod hini nga kinaiya han lugar gin ngaran han mga ''pre-hispanic natives'' nga Borongan an lugar. 

== Tinikangan ==

Han 1600 nga panahon, an ''Siyudad han Borongan'' in usa la nga guti-ay nga bungto nga an tawag [http://philippinescities.com/borongan-city-eastern-samar/ Guiborongani].Nahimo ine tungod han mga relihiyuso nga mga misyunaryo ngan ginbuhat han mga Heswita didad han tuig 1604-1768,ngan han mga Fransiscodida han tuig 1768-1868.

Han Hunyo 21, 2007 an Borongan in nahimo nga pinaka syahan nga syudad han probinsya han Sinirangan Samar.&lt;ref&gt;http://philippinescities.com/borongan-city-eastern-samar/&lt;/ref&gt;

Han [[Pebrero 5]], [[2007]] nahimo nga balaod an Buhat han Republika 9394 (o ''Republic Act 9394'') nga nagbabalhin han Borongan tikang hin bungto ngadto hin syudad.  Ginratipika ini han mga bungtohanon dida hin plebisito nga ginhimo dida han [[Hunyo 20]], [[2007]].  Kondi, nawara an pagkasyudad hini upod hin 15 nga iba nga mga syudad, katapos han paghatag han Korte Suprema han Pilipinas hin petisyon nga gindara han [[Liga hin mga Syudad han Pilipinas]], ngan nagdeklara nga an balaod nga naghimo hin syudad (RA 9394) nga nagtugot han bungto nga magin syudad, nga natalapas han Batakan-Balaod.  An mga nasabi nga syudad, siring han korte, waray kuno makatuman han mga panginahanglanon agod magin syudad ini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/news/courtnews%20flash/2008/11/11180803.php |access-date=2009-05-24 |archive-date=2012-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220010745/http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/news/courtnews%20flash/2008/11/11180803.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
== Mga Barangay ==

An Borongan ginbahin ngadto hin kaunman kag usa (61) nga mga  [[baranggay]].

* Alang-alang
* Amantacop
* Ando
* Balacdas
* Balud
* Banuyo
* Baras
* Bato
* Bayobay
* Benowangan
* Bugas
* Cabalagnan
* Cabong
* Cagbonga
* Calico-an
* Calingatngan
* Campesao
* can-abong
* Can-aga
* Camada
* Canjaway
* Canlaray
* Canyopay
* Divinubo
* Hebacong
* Hindang
* Lalawigan
* Libuton
* Locsoon
* Maybacong
* Maypangdan
* Pepelitan
* Pinanag-an
* Purok A (Poblacion)
* Purok B (Pob.)
* Purok C (Pob.)
* Purok D1 (Pob.)
* Purok D2 (Pob.)
* Purok E (Pob.)
* Purok F (Pob.)
* Purok G (Pob.)
* Purok H (Pob.)
* Punta Maria
* Sabang North
* Sabang South
* San Andres
* San Gabriel
* San Gregorio
* San Jose
* San Mateo
* San Pablo
* San Saturnino
* Santa Fe
* Siha
* Songco
* Sohutan
* Suribao
* Surok
* Taboc
* Tabunan
* Tamoso

== Mga Eskwelahan==
An ''Siyudad han Borongan'' inin mayada damo nga mga Eskwelahan tikang ha Elementarya ngada ha Kolihiyo, ngan mayada usa nga Unibersidad.&lt;ref&gt;http://easternsamar.gov.ph/borongan/&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Elementarya nga mga Eskwelahan. ===

==== Public Schools ====

* Ando Elementary School
* Bato Elementary School
* Balacdas Elementary School
* Banuyo Elementary School
* Baras Elementary School
* Benowangan Elementary School
* Bugas Elementary School
* Cabalagnan Elementary School
* Cabong Elementary School
* Cagbonga Elementary School
* Calingatngan Elementary School
* Calico-an Elementary School
* Camada Elementary School
* Eugenio A. Abunda Sr. Elementary School
* Canlaray Elementary School
* Can-abong Elementary School
* Canjaway Elementary School
* Canyopay Elementary School
* Divinubo Elementary School
* Eugenio S. Daza Pilot Elementary School
* Hebacong Elementary School
* Hindang Elementary School
* Ladders for Tomorrow Academy
* Lalawigan Central Elementary School
* Libuton Elementary School
* Locso-on Elementary School
* Maypangdan Elementary School
* Pepelitan Elementary School
* Pinanag-an Elementary School
* Punta Maria Elementary School
* Sabang Central Elementary School
* San Gabriel Elementary School
* San Gregorio Elementary School
* San Jose Elementary School
* San Mateo Elementary School
* San Pablo Elementary School
* San Saturnino Elementary School
* Siha Elementary School
* Sohutan Elementary School
* Songco Elementary School
* Sta. Fe Elementary School
* Suribao Elementary School
* Surok Elementary School
* Taboc Elementary School
* Tabunan Elementary School
* Tamoso Elementary School

==== Private Schools ====

* Eastern Visayas International Montessori School
* MSH Sisters Academy

=== Sekundarya nga Eskwelahan ===

==== Public Schools ====

* Benowangan National High School
* Calingatngan National High School
* Eastern Samar National Comprehensive High School
* Lalawigan National High School
* Maypangdan National High School
* Sta. Fe National High School
* Supt. Fidel E. Anacta Sr. Memorial High School

===== Private Schools =====

* Eastern Visayas International Montessori School. Makikita ha Barangay Balud I,Borongan City,Eastern Samar
* Saint Mary's College of Borongan (formerly Saint Joseph's College) (High School Department). Makikita ha Brgy. A, Borongan City, Eastern Samar
* Seminario de Jesus Nazareno (para la han mga kabataan nga lalaki nga mag hayskul ). Makikita ha Barangay Campesao, Borongan City, Eastern Samar
* Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart MSH Sisters Academy.Makikita Ha Barangay Sabang South,Borongan City,Eastern Samar
* Risen Lord Child Development Center (RLCDC) makikita ha Barangay Bato,Borongan City, Eastern Samar
* Bible Baptist Church Academy. Makikita ha National Road Barangay Bato,Borongan City, Eastern Samar
* United Church of Christ of the Philippines Kiddie Center (UCCP) Makikita ha Victoria Street  Borongan City, Eastern Samar

=== Colleges ===

* Nativity of Our Lady College Seminary.
* Saint Mary's College (formerly Saint Joseph's College). Makikita ha Barangay A, Borongan City, Eastern Samar
* Our Lady of Mercy College. Makikita ha Barangay Locsoon Borongan City, Eastern Samar

=== University ===

* [[Eastern Samar State University]]

== Mga Fast food ==
*Jollibee. Makikita ha Real Street,Barangay D2,National Highway,6800 Borongan City,Eastern Samar
*McDonald's Borongan.Makikita ha Real Street,Barangay Songco,Borongan City,Eastern Samar

== Mga malls ==
*Savemore Borongan makikita ha Uptown Mall Barangay Songco,Borongan City, Eastern Samar
*J &amp; F makikita ha Real Street Barangay Songco,Borongan City, Eastern Samar
*Puregold makikita ha J &amp; F ,Barangay Songco,Borongan City,Eastern Samar

==Mga Paralitan hin Antipara==
* Alido's Optical.Makikita ha SAn Francisco Street Borongan City, Eastern Samar

== Mga kasarigan ==
{{reflist}}

== Kitaa gihapon ==

* [[Lista han mga Alkalde han Borongan]]

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.borongan-esamar.gov.ph/ Opisyal nga Websayt han Borongan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407101356/http://www.borongan-esamar.gov.ph/ |date=2005-04-07 }}
* [https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/barangays/0802604000 Philippine Standard Geographic Code] 
* [https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-counts-declared-official-president/ 2000 Philippine Census Information]
* [http://www.iborongan.com iborongan.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922192948/http://www.iborongan.com/ |date=2008-09-22 }}

{{Eastern Samar}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga Waraynon nga syudad|Borongan]]
[[Kaarangay:Bungto ha Eastern Samar]]
[[Kaarangay:Kabisay-an]]
[[Kaarangay:Borongan]]</text>
      <sha1>l8tdqpixtw09qlnmok163yidhvgrz87</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Catarman</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>67</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770178</id>
      <parentid>7770092</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T13:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A09</username>
        <id>47388</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/180.190.38.24|180.190.38.24]] ([[User talk:180.190.38.24|talk]]) to last revision by Bluemask (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>7770178</origin>
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      <text bytes="6871" sha1="ryo73f6intotkqvaq1sdbw0yxf4v653" xml:space="preserve">:''Inin nga artikulo mahiunong han bungto ha Northern Samar, para han bungto ha Camiguin, kitaa [[Catarman, Camiguin]].''

{{Infobox bungto Pilipinas |
 ngaran             = Bungto san Catarman|
 sealfile           = |
 locatormapfile     = Ph_locator_northern samar_catarman.png |
 caption            = Mapa san [[Northern Samar]] nga nagpapakita kon hain nahimutang an Bungto san Catarman. |
 rehiyon            = [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] (Rehiyon VIII) |
 probinsya          = [[Norte San Samar]] |
 mga distrito           = Primera|
 mga baranggay      = 55|
 klase              = 1st|
 alkalde            = Francisco C. Rosales|
 kahaluagkm2        = |
 pop2010            = 90,000+|
 popden2000         = |
 mga coordinate     = |
}}

{{Philippine Census			
| title = Sensus han Populasyon &lt;br&gt; Catarman, Northern Samar
| 1990 = 50965		
| 1995 = 61705		
| 2000 = 67671		
| 2007 = 81067		
| 2010 = 84833		
| 2015 = 94037		
| 2020 = 		
| 2025 = 		
| 2030 = 		
|}}

An '''Catarman''' in usa nga primera klase nga [[bungto ha Pilipinas|bungto]] san  [[lalawigan ha Pilipinas|lalawigan o probinsya]] san [[Norte san Samar|Norte San Samar]] sa [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] nga rehiyon sa [[Kabisay-an]] sa [[Pilipinas]]. Amo ini an primero o kapital na bungto san probinsya san Norte San Samar. Sumala sa [[2010]] nga census, mayda ini populasyon nga 90,000 ka tawo sa 16,000 nga panimalay.


==Mga Baranggay==

An Catarman mayda kalim-an kag lima (55)  ka [[baranggay|baranggaya]].

&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
*Aguinaldo 
*Airport Village
*Baybay
*Bocsol
*Cabayhan
*Cag-abaca
*Cal-igang
*Cawayan
*Cervantes
*Cularima
*Daganas
*Galutan
*General Malvar
*Guba
*Gebalagnan (Hibalagnan)
*Gebulwangan
*Doña Pulqueria (Himbang)
*Hinatad
*Imelda (Elimbo)
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
*Liberty
*Libjo (Binog) 
*Mabini
*Macagtas
*Mckinley
*New Rizal
*Old Rizal
*Paticua
*Polangi
*Quezon
*Salvacion
*San Julian
*Somoge
*Tinowaran 
*Trangue
*Washington
*UEP I
*UEP II
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
*UEP III
*Acacia (Pob.)
*Talisay (Pob.)
*Molave (Pob.)
*Yakal (Pob.)
*Ipil-ipil (Pob.)
*Jose Abad Santos (Pob.)
*Kasoy (Pob.)
*Lapu-lapu (Pob.)
*Santol (Pob.)
*Narra (Pob.)
*Calachuchi (Pob.)
*Sampaguita (Pob.)
*Mabolo (Pob.)
*Jose P. Rizal (Pob.)
*Bangkerohan
*Dalakit (Pob.)
*San Pascual
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==Transportasyon==

Adi sa Catarman an uusa nga airport sa bug-os nga Norte San Samar. Uusa la liwat na airline an nabyahe - an Philippine Airlines. Sanglit damu la gihapon an nasakay tikan ug pagawas sa Catarman gamit an dyip o bus para bumiyahe sa mga hagrani nga mga bungto. Mga bus na pakadto Manila nakadto pa sa porto san bungto san Allen nga haros 50 kilometro an kaharayo. Pedicab, usa nga bisikleta na may nakakabit na lingkuran, an pampubliko na transportasyon na gamit sa sulod sa poblacion san bungto. Habalhabal ug tricycle naman an sinasakyan pakadto sa mga interior na mga baranggay ug an mga sapit la nga bungto san Catarman sugad san [[Mondragon, Northern Samar | Mondragon]] ug [[Bobon]].

==Edukasyon==

Didto sa Catarman adto an [[University of Eastern Philippines|Unibersidad san Sinirangan Pilipinas]](UEP) nga amo an gidaku-i nga unibersidad sa [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an|Rehiyon VIII]] tungod kay mayda ini tulo nga kampus sa barangay [[UEP Main|UEP]] san Catarman, sa [[Laoang]] ngan sa [[Catubig]]. Ini in mayda 30,000 nga estudyante. Adto liwat an Northern Samar Colleges.

Base sa DEPED, may-ada 47 nga pampubliko na eskwelahan pan elementarya sa sulod sa Catarman:
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
*[[Aguinaldo Elementary School]]
*[[Balud Elementary School]]
*[[Bangkerohan Elementary school]]
*[[Baybay Elementary School]]
*[[Binog Elementary School]]
*[[Bocsol Elementary School]]
*[[Cabangahan Primary School]]
*[[Cabayhan Elementary School]]
*[[Cag-abaca Elementary School]]
*[[Cal-igang Elementary School]]
*[[Catarman I Central School]]
*[[Catarman II Central School]]
*[[Catarman SPED Center]]
*[[Cawayan Integrated School]]
*[[Cervantes Elementary School]]
*[[Cularima Primary School]]
*[[Daganas Elementary School]]
*[[Galutan Elementary School]]
*[[Gemarobay Primary School]]
*[[Gen. Malvar Elementary School]]
*[[Generoso R. Frigillana Memorial School]]
*[[Gibulwangan Elementary School]]
*[[Gilalan-agan Elementary School]]
*[[Guba Primary School]]
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
*[[Hibalagnan Primary School]]
*[[Himbang Elementary School]]
*[[Hinatad Elementary School]]
*[[Imelda Elementary School]]
*[[Liberty Elementary School]]
*[[Mabini Elementary School]]
*[[Macagtas Elementary School]]
*[[Mckinley Elementary School]]
*[[Nazareno Primary School]]
*[[New Rizal Elementary School]]
*[[Old Rizal Elementary School]]
*[[Paticua Elementary School]]
*[[Polangi Elementary School]]
*[[Quezon Elementary School]]
*[[Salvacion Elementary School]]
*[[San Isidro Primary School]]
*[[San Julian Elementary School]]
*[[San Pascual Elementary School]]
*[[Somoge Elementary School]]
*[[Tarugan Primary School]]
*[[Tinowaran  Elementary School]]
*[[Trangue Elementary School]]
*[[UEP Laboratory Elementary School]]
*[[Washington Elementary School]]
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

Base utro sa DEPED, may-ada 6 nga pampubliko na eskwelahan pan sekundarya sa sulod sa Catarman:
&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
*[[Catarman National High School]]
*[[Cawayan Integrated School]]
*[[Cervantes National High school]]
*[[Galutan National High School]]
*[[Polangi National HIgh School]]
*[[UEP Laboratory High School]]
*[[Washington National High School]]
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

==Mga Fast food==
*Jollibee
*KFC
*McDonald's 
*Pizza Hut

==Mga Malls==
*CityMall Catarman (plannned)
*Robinsons Place Catarman (planned)
*SM City Catarman

==Kasaysayan==

An ngaran na '''Catarman''' in ginsusugad na natikang sa Waray na termo na ''kataruman'' ug ''Katadman''  'sharp edge', tungod kay dinhi mahihiagian an mga pandayan san mga sundang ngan dipang han pag'abot sa mga Kastila. Han kaapprobahe han Republic Act 4221 sadto nga Hunyo 19, 1965, naging probinsya an Northern Samar ngan Catarman an naging kapital na bungto sini. 
==Kitaa Gihapon==

*[[Lista san mga Alkalde san Catarman|Lista san mga Mayor san Catarman]]

==Mga Sumpay sa Gawas==

*[http://www.catarman-nsamar.gov.ph/ Opisyal nga Websayt san Catarman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051128052948/http://www.catarman-nsamar.gov.ph/ |date=2005-11-28 }}
*[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }}
*[http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050923180448/http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ |date=2005-09-23 }}


{{Northern Samar}}

[[Kaarangay:Mga bungto han Northern Samar]]
[[Kaarangay:Catarman]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga Waraynon nga bungto]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Istanbul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11402</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770186</id>
      <parentid>7650946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T21:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for verifiability (20250706)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25042" sha1="41soobb1uqhj5y2zg4fijhg8eqach4c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name=Istanbul
| native_name=''İstanbul''
| native_name_lang=tr
| settlement_type=Munisipyo metropolitano
| official_name=Munisipyo Metropolitano han Istanbul
| image_skyline=Istanbul collage 5j.jpg
| image_caption=Clockwise from top: View of [[Golden Horn]] between [[Galata]] and [[Sarayburnu|Seraglio Point]] including the [[Historic Areas of Istanbul|historic areas]]; [[Maiden's Tower]]; a [[Istanbul nostalgic tramways|nostalgic tram]] on [[İstiklal Avenue]]; [[Levent]] business district with [[Dolmabahçe Palace]]; [[Ortaköy Mosque]] in front of the [[Bosphorus Bridge]]; and [[Hagia Sophia]].
| image_alt=See caption
| imagesize=300px
| image_blank_emblem=
| blank_emblem_type=Tatak han Munisipyo Metropolitano han Istanbul
| blank_emblem_size=110px
| pushpin_map=Turkey
| pushpin_map_caption=Namumutang ha Turkiya
| pushpin_map_alt=Turkey, with Istanbul pinpointed at the northwest along a thin strip of land bounded by water
| pushpin_mapsize=300px
| latd=41|latm=00|lats=49|latNS=N
| longd=28|longm=57|longs=18|longEW=E
| coordinates_region=TR
| subdivision_type=Country
| subdivision_name=[[Turkey]]
| subdivision_type1=[[Geographical regions of Turkey|Region]]
| subdivision_name1=[[Marmara Region|Marmara]]
| subdivision_type2=[[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]
| subdivision_name2=[[Istanbul Province|Istanbul]]
| leader_party=[[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]]
| leader_title=Mayor
| leader_name=[[Ekrem İmamoğlu]]
| established_title=Established
| established_date=
| established_title1=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;[[Byzantium]]
| established_date1=c. 660 BC{{efn|name=byz-date}}
| established_title2=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;[[Constantinople]]
| established_date2=330 AD
| established_title3=&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;Istanbul
| established_date3=1930 (officially){{efn|name=name-1930|The name of the city was officially changed to its present name of Istanbul in 1930, but the name has been in use since even before the 1453 [[Fall of Constantinople|Ottoman conquest]].}}
| parts_type=Districts
| parts=[[List of districts of Istanbul|39]]
| area_metro_km2=5461
| area_metro_mi2=2063
| area_metro_footnotes={{efn|name=city-area}}
| population_total=14,025,646
| population_as_of=31 Disyembre 2015
| population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=citypolution.de&gt;{{Cite web|title=Turkey: Provinces and Major Cities|quote=The population of the Turkish cities and provinces according to census results and latest register-based tabulations|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Turkey-C20.html|website=www.citytpopulation.de|publisher=Citypopulation|date=31 Disyembre 2014|accessdate=26 Hunyo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All urban agglomerations of the world with a population of 1 million inhabitants or more|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|website=www.citypopulation.de|publisher=Citypopulation|date=1 Abril 2015|accessdate=26 Hunyo 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Population of Turkey&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=18616|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2015|date=31 Disyembre 2015|accessdate=28 Enero 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank=[[List of cities in Turkey|1st in Turkey]]&lt;br&gt;[[List of cities proper by population|6th in the world]]
| population_density_km2=
| population_demonym=Istanbulite(s)&lt;br/&gt;([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''İstanbullu(lar)'')
| timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset=+2
| timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST=+3
| postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]
| postal_code=34000 to 34850
| area_code=0212 &lt;small&gt;(European side)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br/&gt;0216 &lt;small&gt;(Asian side)&lt;/small&gt;
| registration_plate= 34
| website={{URL|http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Home.aspx|Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality}}
}}
An '''Istanbul''' (/ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ o /ˌɪstænˈbuːl/ o /ɪˈstænbʊl/; Tinurkiya: İstanbul [isˈtɑnbuɫ]), ha kasaysayan kilala gihapon komo Constantinople ngan Byzantium, amo an may gidadakoi nga populasyon nga syudad ha Turkey ngan han mao nga nasod sentro han ekonomiya, kultura ngan kasaysayan. An Istanbul usa nga transcontinental nga syudad ha Eurasia, namumutang ha may Estrecho han Bosphorus (nga nagbubulag han Europa ngan Asya) ha butnga han [[Dagat Marmara]] ngan [[Itom nga Dagat]]. An sentro han pankomersyohan ngan pankasaysayan in namumutang ha may Europeo nga dapit ngan (1/3) kat-tulo han iya populasyon in namumutang naman ha may Asyano nga bahin.&lt;ref name=&quot;wctr281&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō|2004|p=281}}&lt;/ref&gt; An syudad in sentro han pagdudumara han Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (nga cotermino han Lalawigan han Istanbul), kun diin may-ada populasyon nga 14.7 milyones nga molupyo.&lt;ref name=citypolution.de/&gt; An Istanbul in usa ha kanan kalibutan may pinakadamo nga tawo nga syudad ngan nagraranggo liwat hin kanan kalibutan ika-7 ha may pinakadamo nga molupyo ngan gidadakoi nga syudad han Europa.

[[Paypay:Istanbul panorama and skyline.jpg|950px|&lt;center&gt;|syudad han Istanbul]]

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

===Bibliograpiya===
{{refbegin|27em}}
*{{Cite book|last=ʻAner|first=Nadav| date = 2005|editor-last=Pergola|editor-first=Sergio Della|editor2-last=Gilboa|editor2-first=Amos|editor3-last=Ṭal|editor3-first=Rami|title=The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Planning Assessment, 2004–2005: The Jewish People Between Thriving and Decline|url=https://archive.org/details/jewishpeoplepoli0000unse|publisher=Gefen Publishing House Ltd|location=Jerusalem|isbn=978-965-229-346-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Athanasopulos|first=Haralambos|title=Greece, Turkey, and the Aegean Sea: A Case Study in International Law| date = 2001|publisher=McFarland &amp; Company, Inc|location=Jefferson, N.C.|isbn=978-0-7864-0943-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Barnes|first=Timothy David|title=Constantine and Eusebius|url=https://archive.org/details/constantineeuseb00barn| date = 1981|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=978-0-674-16531-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Baynes|first=Norman H.|editor-last=Baynes|editor-first=Norman H.|editor2-last=Moss|editor2-first=Henry S. L. B|title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462718| date = 1949|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-674-16531-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Boyar|first1=Ebru|last2=Fleet|first2=Kate|title=A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul| date = 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-13623-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Bloom|first1=Jonathan M.|last2=Blair|first2=Sheila|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&amp;pg=RA1-PA315|accessdate=11 Abril 2013| date = 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-530991-1|page=1|quote=Whatever the prehistoric antecedents of Istanbul, the continuous historical development of the site began with the foundation of a Greek colony from Megara in the mid-7th century BCE...|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Brink-Danan|first=Marcy|title=Jewish Life in Twenty-First-Century Turkey: The Other Side of Tolerance| date = 2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|series=New Anthropologies of Europe|location=Bloomington, Ind.|isbn=978-0-253-35690-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Brummett|first=Palmira Johnson|title=Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911| date = 2000|publisher=SUNY Press|location=Albany, N.Y.|isbn=978-0-7914-4463-4|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Cantor|first=Norman F.|title=Civilization of the Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/civilizationofmi0000norm| date = 1994|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-092553-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Çelik|first=Zeynep|title=The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_T4MUpP6zCuIC| date = 1993|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Calif., &amp; Los Angeles|isbn=978-0-520-08239-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=Chamber of Architects of Turkey|title=Architectural Guide to Istanbul: Historic Peninsula| date = 2006|volume=1|publisher=Chamber of Architects of Turkey, Istanbul Metropolitan Branch|location=Istanbul|isbn=978-975-395-899-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Chandler|first=Tertius|title=Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census|url=https://archive.org/details/fourthousandyear0000chan| date = 1987|publisher=St. David's University Press|location=Lewiston, N.Y.|isbn=978-0-88946-207-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=John| date = 2010|title=Medical Tourism|series=CAB Books|publisher=CABI|location=Wallingford, Eng.|isbn=978-1-84593-660-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Dahmus|first=Joseph| date = 1995|title=A History of the Middle Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmiddlea0000dahm|publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7607-0036-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Davidson|first=Linda Kay|last2=Gitlitz|first2=David Martin|title=Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland: An Encyclopedia|volume=1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.| date = 2002|isbn=978-1-57607-004-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=De Sélincourt|first=Aubery|title=The Histories|url=https://archive.org/details/histories00hero|series=Penguin Classics|editor-last=Marincola|editor-first=John M| date = 2003|publisher=Penguin Books|location=London|isbn=978-0-14-044908-2|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=De Souza|first=Philip|title=The Greek and Persian Wars, 499-386 B.C| date = 2003|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-96854-6|ref=harv}}

*{{Cite book|editor-last=Dumper|editor-first=Michael|editor2-last=Stanley|editor2-first=Bruce E.|title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/citiesofmiddleea0000unse| date = 2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=978-1-57607-919-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Düring|first=Bleda S.|title=The Prehistory of Asia Minor: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies| date = 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-14981-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Efe|first1=Recep|last2=Cürebal|first2=Isa|chapter=Impacts of the &quot;Marmaray&quot; Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul|title=Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects|url=https://archive.org/details/engineeringearth00brun| date = 2011|editor-last=Brunn|editor-first=Stanley D|publisher=Springer|location=London &amp; New York|isbn=978-90-481-9919-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/engineeringearth00brun/page/715 715]–34|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Finkel|first=Caroline|title=Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923| date = 2005|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-02396-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Freely|first=John|title=Istanbul: The Imperial City| date = 1996|publisher=Viking|location=New York|isbn=978-0-670-85972-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Freely|first=John|title=The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara|url=https://archive.org/details/companionguideto0000free_x9y4| date = 2000|publisher=Companion Guides|location=Woodbridge, Eng.|isbn=978-1-900639-31-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Freely|first=John|title=A History of Ottoman Architecture| date = 2011|publisher=WIT Press|location=Southampton, Eng.|isbn=978-1-84564-506-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Georgacas|first=Demetrius John | date = 1947 |title=The Names of Constantinople |journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association |volume=78 |pages=347–67 |doi=10.2307/283503 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |jstor=283503|ref=harv }}
*{{Cite book|last1=Göksel|first1=Aslı|last2=Kerslake|first2=Celia| date = 2005|title=Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar|series=Comprehensive Grammars|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Eng.|isbn=978-0-415-21761-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Göktürk|editor-first=Deniz|editor2-last=Soysal|editor2-first=Levent|editor3-last=Türeli|editor3-first=İpek| date = 2010|title=Orienting Istanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe?|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-58011-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Grant|first=Michael|title=The Severans: The Changed Roman Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/severanschangedr0000gran| date = 1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-12772-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gregory|first=Timothy E.|title=A History of Byzantium|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000greg_2ndedi| date = 2010|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-1-4051-8471-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gül|first=Murat|title=The Emergence of Modern Istanbul: Transformation and Modernisation of a City| date = 2012|publisher=IB.Tauris|location=London|edition=Revised Paperback Edition|isbn=978-1780763743|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Harter|first=Jim|title=World Railways of the Nineteenth Century: A Pictorial History in Victorian Engravings| date = 2005|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|edition=illustrated|isbn=978-0-8018-8089-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Holt|editor-first=Peter M.|editor2-last=Lambton|editor2-first=Ann K. S.|editor3-last=Lewis|editor3-first=Bernard|title=The Cambridge History of Islam|volume=1A| date = 1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-29135-4|edition=illustrated, reprint|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Isaac|first=Benjamin H.|title=The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest| date = 1986|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden, the Neth.|isbn=978-90-04-06921-3|edition=illustrated|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Kapucu|first1=Naim|last2=Palabiyik|first2=Hamit|title=Turkish Public Administration: From Tradition to the Modern Age|series=USAK Publications|volume=17|publisher=USAK|location=Ankara| date = 2008|isbn=978-605-4030-01-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Karpat|first=Kemal H.|title=The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization|url=https://archive.org/details/gecekondururalmi0000karp| date = 1976|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-20954-0|edition=illustrated|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Keyder|editor-first=Çağlar| date = 1999|title=Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=978-0-8476-9495-2|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=King|first=Charles| date = 2014|title=Midnight at the Pera Palace, The birth of modern Istanbul|publisher=Norton &amp; Cy|location=|isbn=9780393089141-|ref=}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Klimczuk|first1=Stephen|last2=Warner|first2=Gerald| date = 2009|title=Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies|url=https://archive.org/details/secretplaceshidd0000klim|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4027-6207-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Knieling|first1=Jörg|last2=Othengrafen|first2=Frank|title=Planning Cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning|series=Urban and Regional Planning and Development|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|location=Surrey, Eng.|isbn=978-0-7546-7565-5| date = 2009|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last=Köksal|editor-first=Özlem|title=World Film Locations: Istanbul|publisher=Intellect Books|location=Bristol, Eng.| date = 2012|isbn=978-1-84150-567-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Köse|first=Yavuz|editor-last=Atabaki|editor-first=Touraj|editor2-last=Brockett|editor2-first=Gavin|chapter=Vertical Bazaars of Modernity: Western Department Stores and Their Staff in Istanbul (1889–1921)|title=Ottoman and Republican Turkish Labour History|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.| date = 2009|isbn=978-0-521-12805-6|pages=91–114|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Landau|first=Jacob M.| date = 1984|title=Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey|publisher=E.J. Brill|location=Leiden, the Neth.|isbn=978-90-04-07070-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Limberis|first=Vasiliki|title=Divine Heiress: The Virgin Mary and the Creation of Christian Constantinople|url=https://archive.org/details/divineheiressvir0000limb| date = 1994|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-415-09677-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Lister|first=Richard P.|title=The Travels of Herodotus| date = 1979|publisher=Gordon &amp; Cremonesi|location=London|isbn=978-0-86033-081-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Masters|first1=Bruce Alan|last2=Ágoston|first2=Gábor| date = 2009|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Morris|first=Ian|title=Social Development|date=October 2010|publisher=Stanford University|location=Stanford, Calif.|url=http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf|accessdate=5 Hulyo 2012|format=pdf|ref=harv}} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf |access-date=11 Enero 2015 |archive-date=15 Septyembre 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915115325/http://ianmorris.org/docs/social-development.pdf |url-status=unfit }}
*{{Cite book|last1=Mossberger|first1=Karen|last2=Clarke|first2=Susan E.|last3=John|first3=Peter|title=The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_d9x2|series=Oxford Handbooks in Politics and International Relations| date = 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-19-536786-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Necipoğlu|first=Gülru|title=Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries|url=https://archive.org/details/architecturecere0000neci| date = 1991|publisher=The MIT Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=978-0-262-14050-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Necipoğlu|first=Gülru|contribution= From Byzantine Constantinople to Ottoman Kostantiniyye|editor-last=ölcer|editor-first=Nazan|title=From Byzantion to Istanbul|publisher=SSM|location=Istanbul| date = 2010|isbn=978-605-4348-04-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Norris|first=Pippa| date = 2010|title=Public Sentinel: News Media &amp; Governance Reform|publisher=World Bank Publications|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8213-8200-4|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=Istanbul, Turkey|series=OECD Territorial Reviews| date = 2008|publisher=OECD Publishing|location=Paris|isbn=978-92-64-04371-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=Oxford Business Group| date = 2009|title=The Report: Turkey 2009|publisher=Oxford Business Group|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-1-902339-13-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Papathanassis|first=Alexis| date = 2011|title=The Long Tail of Tourism: Holiday Niches and Their Impact on Mainstream Tourism|url=https://archive.org/details/longtailoftouris0000unse|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-8349-3062-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Quantic|first=Roy| date = 2008|title=Climatology for Airline Pilots|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-470-69847-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Reinert|first=Stephen W.|editor-last=Mango|editor-first=Cyril|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium| date = 2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, Eng.|isbn=978-0-19-814098-6|chapter=Fragmentation (1204–1453)|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Reisman|first=Arnold|title=Turkey's Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Atatürk's Vision|url=https://archive.org/details/turkeysmoderniza0000reis| date = 2006|publisher=New Academia Publishing, LLC|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-9777908-8-3|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Roebuck|first=Carl|title=Ionian Trade and Colonization| date = 1959|series=Monographs on Archaeology and Fine Arts|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|location=New York|isbn=978-0-89005-528-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Room|first=Adrian|title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites|url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom| date = 2006|publisher=McFarland &amp; Company|location=Jefferson, N.C.|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Rôzen|first=Mînnā|title=A History of the Jewish Community in Istanbul: The Formative Years, 1453–1566| date = 2002|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden, the Neth.|edition=illustrated|isbn=978-90-04-12530-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sanal|first=Aslihan|editor-last=Fischer|editor-first=Michael M. J.|editor2-last=Dumit|editor2-first=Joseph| date = 2011|title=New Organs Within Us: Transplants and the Moral Economy|series=Experimental Futures|edition=illustrated|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|isbn=978-0-8223-4912-9|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schmitt|first=Oliver Jens|title=Levantiner: Lebenswelten und Identitäten einer ethnokonfessionellen Gruppe im osmanischen Reich im &quot;langen 19. Jahrhundert&quot; | date = 2005|publisher=Oldenbourg|location=München|language=German|isbn=978-3-486-57713-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Shaw|first1=Stanford J.|last2=Shaw|first2=Ezel K.|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey|volume=2| date = 1977|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, Eng.|isbn=978-0-521-29166-8|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Taşan-Kok|first=Tuna|title=Budapest, Istanbul, and Warsaw: Institutional and Spatial Change|publisher=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V|location=Delft, the Neth.| date = 2004|isbn=978-90-5972-041-1|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jane|title=Imperial Istanbul: A Traveller's Guide: Includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialistanbul0000tayl|publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|location=New York| date = 2007|isbn=978-1-84511-334-6|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Tigrek|first1=Sahnaz|last2=Kibaroğlu|first2=Ayșegül| date = 2011|editor-last=Kibaroğlu|editor-first=Ayșegül|editor2-last=Scheumann|editor2-first=Waltina|editor3-last=Kramer|editor3-first=Annika|title=Turkey's Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation|chapter=Strategic Role of Water Resources for Turkey|publisher=Springer|location=London &amp; New York|isbn=978-3-642-19635-5|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|editor=Time Out Guides|title=Time Out Istanbul|url=https://archive.org/details/timeoutistanbul0000unse|publisher=Time Out Guides|location=London| date = 2010|isbn=978-1-84670-115-3|ref={{sfnRef|Time Out Guides|2010}} }}
*{{Cite book|last=Turan|first=Neyran|editor1-last=Sorensen|editor1-first=André|editor2-last=Okata|editor2-first=Junichiro|title=Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability|series=Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration|publisher=Springer|location=London &amp; New York| date = 2010|pages=223–42|chapter=Towards an Ecological Urbanism for Istanbul|isbn=978-4-431-99266-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|author=WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō|title=Urban Transport and the Environment: An International Perspective| date = 2004|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-08-044512-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Wedel|first=Heidi| date = 2000|editor1-last=Ibrahim|editor1-first=Ferhad|editor2-last=Gürbey|editor2-first=Gülistan|title=The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-8258-4744-9|pages=181–93|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|last=Wynn|first=Martin|title=Planning and Urban Growth in Southern Europe|series=Studies in History, Planning, and the Environment|publisher=Mansell|location=Los Altos, Calif.| date = 1984|isbn=978-0-7201-1608-3|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Istanbul}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Home.aspx Official website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality]
* [http://english.istanbul.gov.tr/ Official website of the Istanbul Governorship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222171620/http://english.istanbul.gov.tr/ |date=2006-12-22 }}
* [http://sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/Map.aspx?&amp;scl=6&amp;cx=88707&amp;cy=96189&amp;ap=uydu&amp;lng=en Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos (maps) of Istanbul from 1946, 1966, 1982, and 2005]
* [http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Organization/MunicipalHistory/Pages/Live_City_View_in_Istanbul.aspx Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Live views of major landmarks in Istanbul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704072848/http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Organization/MunicipalHistory/Pages/Live_City_View_in_Istanbul.aspx |date=2015-07-04 }}
* [http://www.istanbulbulteni.com/ Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Istanbul Bulteni Magazine official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222203756/http://www.istanbulbulteni.com/ |date=2012-02-22 }}

[[Kaarangay:Mga syudad, bungto ngan baryo ha Turkeya]]
[[Kaarangay:Istanbul]]</text>
      <sha1>41soobb1uqhj5y2zg4fijhg8eqach4c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Imperyo Bizantino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14624</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770183</id>
      <parentid>7761517</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T21:18:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for verifiability (20250706)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="51271" sha1="5j34qavnf7xi41bk9zal1l0bkhgx5q4" xml:space="preserve">An '''Imperyo Bizantino''' o Sinirangan Imperyo Romano, nga kilala han mangurukoy hini nga an Imperyo Romano, an Imperyo han mga Romano ([[Griniyego]]:Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn), Romania (Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía), o Romais (Ῥωμαΐς Rhōmaís), amo an nagsunod han Imperyo Romano han Butnga nga mga Panahon, nga nagpapalibot ha kapital hini nga [[Constantinople]] (han una Bizantium, yana Istanbul), ngan gindudumara han mga imperador nga namana tikang han mga imperador Romano.

==Mga reperensya==
=== Syahan nga pagkukuhaan ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Choniates|first=Nicetas|authorlink=Nicetas Choniates|title=Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History by D.C. Munro (Series 1, Vol 3:1)|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|pages=15–16| date = 1912|chapter=The Sack of Constantinople (1204)|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cinnamus|first=Ioannes|authorlink=John Kinnamos|title=Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus|url=https://archive.org/details/deedsofjohnmanue0000kinn|location=New York and West Sussex|publisher=Columbia University Press| date = 1976|isbn=0-231-04080-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|author=Eusebius|authorlink=Eusebius of Caesaria|title=Life of Constantine (Book IV)|publisher=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library]]|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iv.vi.i.i.html}}
* {{Cite book|author=Geoffrey of Villehardouin|authorlink=Geoffrey of Villehardouin|title= Chronicles of the Crusades (translated by Margaret R. Shaw)|publisher=Penguin Classics| date = 1963|isbn=0-14-044124-7|chapter=The Conquest of Constantinople|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Komnene|first=Anna|authorlink=Anna Komnene|title=The Alexiad (translated by Elizabeth A. S. Dawes)|publisher=Internet Medieval Sourcebook|chapter=Books X-XIII|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/annacomnena-alexiad00.html#INTRODUCTION|date=1928|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413122745/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/annacomnena-alexiad00.html#INTRODUCTION |date=2020-04-13 }}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Seeck|editor-first=Otto|title=Notitia Dignitatum; accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae Laterculi Prouinciarum|location=Berlin|publisher=Weidmann| date = 1876|url=http://archive.org/details/notitiadignitat00silvgoog|ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

=== Segundaryo nga pagkukuhaan ===
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book|first=Agustí|last=Alemany|title=Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill| date = 2000|pages=170–243|isbn=90-04-11442-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ahrweiler|first=Hélène|last2=Laiou|first2=Angeliki E.|author1-link=Helene Ahrweiler|author2-link=Angeliki Laiou|title=Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesoninterna0000unse|chapter=Preface|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks| date = 1998|isbn=0-88402-247-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Anastos|first=Milton V.| date = 1962|title=The History of Byzantine Science. Report on the Dumbarton Oaks Symposium of 1961|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|issn=0070-7546|volume=16|pages=409–411| doi=10.2307/1291170|jstor=1291170|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Angold|first=Michael|title=The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantineempire10000ango|location=London|publisher=Longman| date = 1997|isbn=978-0-582-29468-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Antonucci|first=Michael| date = 1993|title=War by Other Means: The Legacy of Byzantium|journal=History Today|volume=43|issue=2|pages=11–13|issn=0018-2753|url=http://www.historytoday.com/michael-antonucci/war-other-means-legacy-byzantium|accessdate=21 Mayo 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|first=Sophocles Evangelinus|last=Apostolides|title=Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods|location=Hildesheim|publisher=Georg Olms| date = 1992|isbn=3-487-05765-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Bayless|first=William N.| date = 1976|title=The Treaty with the Huns of 443|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_summer-1976_97_2/page/176|journal=The American Journal of Philology|volume=97|pages=176–179|jstor=294410|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Baynes|first=Norman Hepburn| date = 1912|title=The Restoration of the Cross at Jerusalem|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1912-04_27_106/page/287|doi=10.1093/ehr/XXVII.CVI.287|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=27|issue=106|issn=0013-8266|pages=287–299|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|editor1-last=Baynes|editor1-first=Norman Hepburn|editor2-last=Moss|editor2-first=Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort|title=Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumintrodu00baynrich|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press| date = 1948|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Laiou|first=Angeliki E.|authorlink=Angeliki Laiou|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 2)| date = 2002|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Exchange and Trade, Seventh-Twelfth Centuries|pages=697–708|url=http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/ehb36-trade|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930114425/http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/ehb36-trade |date= 30 Septyembre 2013 }}
* {{Cite book|last1=Laiou|first1=Angeliki E.|last2=Morisson|first2=Cécile|title=The Byzantine Economy|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantineeconomy0000laio| date = 2007|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-84978-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Laiou|first=Angeliki E.|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 1)| date = 2002|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Writing the Economic History of Byzantium|pages=3–8|url=http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/EHB01-Writing%20the%20economic%20history%20of%20Byzantium.pdf|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930114212/http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/EHB01-Writing%20the%20economic%20history%20of%20Byzantium.pdf |date= 30 Septyembre 2013 }}
* {{Cite book|last1=Lapidge|first1=Michael|last2=Blair|first2=John|last3=Keynes|first3=Simon |title=The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell| date = 1998|isbn=0-631-22492-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lenski|first=Noel| date = 1999|title=Assimilation and Revolt in the Territory of Isauria, From the 1st Century BC to the 6th Century AD |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|issn=0022-4995|volume=42|pages=413–465|doi= 10.1163/1568520991201687|jstor=3632602|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Louth|first=Andrew|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History (Volume I)|editor=Paul Fouracre and Rosamond McKitterick|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2005|isbn=0-521-36291-1|chapter=The Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web|last=Lowe|first=Steven|author2=Baker, Martin|title=The Seljuqs of Rum|url=http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Seljuqs.htm|accessdate=9 Hulyo 2007|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Seljuqs.htm&amp;date=2007-07-22+04:56:02|archivedate=22 Hulyo 2007|ref=harv|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=Madden|first=Thomas F.|authorlink=Thomas Madden|title=Crusades: The Illustrated History|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan Press| date = 2005|isbn=0-472-03127-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Magdalino|first=Paul|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 2)| date = 2002|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Medieval Constantinople: Built Environment and Urban Development|pages=529–537|url=http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/ehb20-cp|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930114407/http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/ehb20-cp |date= 30 Septyembre 2013 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Magdalino|first=Paul|title=The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143–1180|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2002|isbn=0-521-52653-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril A.|authorlink=Cyril Mango|title=Η Αυτοκρατορία της Νέας Ρώμης [&quot;Byzantium: The Empire of the New Rome&quot;]|location=Athens|publisher=Educational Institution of the National Bank of Greece| date = 2007|language=Greek [translated from the original by Dimitris Tsoungarakis]|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mango|first=Cyril A.|authorlink=Cyril Mango|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2002|isbn=0-19-814098-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web|last=Markham|first=Paul|title=The Battle of Manzikert: Military Disaster or Political Failure?|work=De Re Militari|url=http://faculty.uml.edu/ethan_spanier/Teaching/documents/TheBattleofManzikert.pdf|date=1 Agosto 2005|accessdate=19 Mayo 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Matschke|first=Klaus-Peter|title=The Economic History of Byzantium (Volume 2)| date = 2002|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|editor=Angeliki E. Laiou|chapter=Commerce, Trade, Markets, and Money: Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries|pages=771–806|url=http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/ehb37-trade-late|ref=harv}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930114138/http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/doaks-online-publications/byzantine-studies/the-economic-history-of-byzantium/ehb37-trade-late |date= 30 Septyembre 2013 }}
* {{Cite book|last=McDonnell|first=Myles Anthony|title=Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic|url=https://archive.org/details/romanmanlinessvi0000mcdo|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2006|isbn=978-0-521-82788-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Meier|first=William N.| date = 2003|title=Die Inszenierung einer Katastrophe: Justinian und der Nika-Aufstand|issue=142|pages=273–300|journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik|jstor=20191600|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Meyendorff|first=John|authorlink=John Meyendorff|title=The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinelegacyi0000meye| date = 1982|location=Yonkers|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=0-913836-90-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Millar|first=Fergus|title=A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408–450)|url=https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|publisher=University of California Press| date = 2006|isbn=0-520-24703-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=William|title=Monemvasia|journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies|volume=27| date = 1907|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofhelleni27sociuoft|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Mousourakis|first=George|title=The Historical and Institutional Context of Roman Law|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalinstit0000mous|location=Burlington and Hampshire|publisher=Ashgate| date = 2003|isbn=0-7546-2114-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Neumann|first=Iver B.| date = 2006|title=Sublime Diplomacy: Byzantine, Early Modern, Contemporary|journal=Millennium: Journal of International Studies |volume=34|issue=3|pages=865–888|issn=1569-2981|ref=harv|doi=10.1177/03058298060340030201}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Neubecker|first1=Ottfried|last2=Brooke-Little|first2=John Philip|title=Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning|publisher=Time Warner| date = 1997|isbn=0-316-64141-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Neville|first=Leonora Alice|title=Authority in Byzantine Provincial Society, 950–1100|url=https://archive.org/details/authorityinbyzan0000nevi|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2004|isbn=0-521-83865-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nicol|first=Donald MacGillivray|title=The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1993|isbn=0-521-43991-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Norwich|first=John Julius|title=A Short History of Byzantium|url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofby0000norw_l9m6|location=Ringwood, Vic.|publisher=Penguin| date = 1998|isbn=978-0-14-025960-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou|first=Maria| date = 1970|title=Συμβολή εις την χρονολόγησιν των Αβαρικών και Σλαβικών επιδρομών επί Μαυρικίου (582–602) (μετ' επιμέτρου περί των Περσικών πολέμων) [=Contribution to the chronology of Avar and Slav raids during the reign of Maurice (582–602), with an excursus about the Persian Wars&quot;]|language=Greek|url=http://www.byzsym.org/index.php/bz/article/view/649/567|journal=Byzantina Symmeikta|issn=1105-1639|volume=2|pages=145–206|accessdate=10 Marso 2012|ref=harv|archive-date=27 Hunyo 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627021404/http://www.byzsym.org/index.php/bz/article/view/649/567|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=Obolensky|first=Dimitri|authorlink=Dimitri Obolensky|title=Byzantium and the Slavs|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumslavs0000obol| date = 1994|location=Yonkers|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=0-88141-008-X|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Oikonomides|first=Nikos| date = 1999|title=L᾽&quot;Unilinguisme&quot; Officiel de Constantinople Byzantine|url=http://www.byzsym.org/index.php/bz/article/view/857/753|journal=Byzantina Symmeikta|issn=1105-1639|volume=13|pages=9–22|accessdate=11 Marso 2012|ref=harv|archive-date=27 Hunyo 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627030100/http://www.byzsym.org/index.php/bz/article/view/857/753|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ostrogorsky|first=George|authorlink=George Alexandrovič Ostrogorsky|title=History of the Byzantine State|location=New Brunswick|publisher=Rutgers University Press| date = 1969|isbn=0-8135-1198-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Ostrogorsky|first=George|title=The Byzantine Empire in the World of the Seventh Century|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=13|pages=1–21| date = 1959|jstor=1291126|ref=harv|doi=10.2307/1291127}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Parry|first=Kenneth|title=Depicting the Word: Byzantine Iconophile Thought of the Eighth and Ninth Centuries|location=Leiden and New York|publisher=Brill | date = 1996|isbn=90-04-10502-6|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Pounds|first=Norman John Greville|title=An Historical Geography of Europe, 1500–1840|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalgeogra0000poun|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1979|isbn=0-521-22379-2|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Reinert|first=Stephen W.|editor=Cyril Mango|chapter=Fragmentation (1204–1453)|title=The Oxford History of Byzantium|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2002|pages=248–283|isbn=0-19-814098-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rice|first=David Talbot|authorlink=David Talbot Rice|title=Byzantine Art (3rd Edition)| date = 1968|location=Harmondsworth|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Robins|first=Robert Henry|title=The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinegrammar0000robi| date = 1993|location=Berlin and New York|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|isbn=3-11-013574-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rosser|first=John H.|title=Historical Dictionary of Byzantium|chapter=Introduction|location=Lanham, MA|publisher=Scarecrow| date = 2011|isbn=0-8108-7567-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Runciman|title=The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy| date = 1982|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-28926-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Fall of Constantinople, 1453|url=https://archive.org/details/fallofconstantin0000runc| date = 1990|isbn=0-521-39832-0|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Last Byzantine Renaissance|url=https://archive.org/details/lastbyzantineren0000runc|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1970|isbn=0-521-07787-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ryan|first=Herbert J.|title=The College Student's Introduction to Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/collegestudentsi00chap| date = 1993|publisher=Liturgical Press|chapter=The Church in History|editors=Christopher Key Chapple and Thomas P. Rausch|isbn=0-8146-5841-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sarantis|first=Alexander| date = 2009|title=War and Diplomacy in Pannonia and the Northwest Balkans during the Reign of Justinian: The Gepid Threat and Imperial Responses|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=63|pages=15–40|jstor=41219761|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sedlar|first=Jean W.|title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500|volume=III|location=Seattle|publisher=University of Washington Press| date = 1994|isbn=0-295-97290-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Seton-Watson|first=Hugh|title=The Russian Empire, 1801–1917|url=https://archive.org/details/russianempire1800000seto|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1967|isbn=0-19-822152-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Shahid|first=Irfan|title=The Iranian Factor in Byzantium during the Reign of Heraclius| date = 1972|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=26|pages=293–320|doi=10.2307/1291324|jstor=1291324|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Šišić|first=Ferdo|authorlink=Ferdo Šišić|title=Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara: sa 280 slika i 3 karte u bojama|location=Zagreb|publisher=Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske| date = 1990|isbn=86-401-0080-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sotinel|first=Claire|chapter=Emperors and Popes in the Sixth Century: The Western View|editor-last=Maas|editor-first=Michael|title=The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00maas|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00maas/page/n311 267]–290|isbn=0-521-81746-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Speck|first=Paul|journal=Poikila Byzantina|volume=4| date = 1984|title=Ikonoklasmus und die Anfänge der Makedonischen Renaissance|pages=175–210|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stephenson|first=Paul|title=Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2000|isbn=0-521-77017-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite web|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=John II Komnenos (CE 1118–1143)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/johncomn.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=18 Mayo 2007|ref=harv|archive-date=29 Septyembre 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929180453/http://www.roman-emperors.org/johncomn.htm|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=Manuel I Komnenos (CE 1143–1180)|url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/mannycom.htm|publisher=Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors|accessdate=5 Pebrero 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Tarasov|first1=Oleg|last2=Milner-Gulland|first2=R. R.|title=Icon and Devotion: Sacred Spaces in Imperial Russia|location=London|publisher=Reaktion| date = 2004|isbn=1-86189-118-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Tatakes|first1=Vasileios N.|last2=Moutafakis|first2=Nicholas J.|title=[[Byzantine Philosophy]]| date = 2003|location=Indianapolis|publisher=Hackett|isbn=0-87220-563-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Teall|first=John L.| date = 1967|title=The Age of Constantine Change and Continuity in Administration and Economy|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=21|pages=11–36|jstor=1291256|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Timberlake|first=Alan|title=A Reference Grammar of Russian|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 2004|isbn=978-0-521-77292-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press| date = 1995|isbn=0-8047-2420-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000trea|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press| date = 1997|isbn=0-8047-2630-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Treadgold|first=Warren|title=The Byzantine Revival, 780–842|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinerevival0000warr|location=Stanford|publisher=Stanford University Press| date = 1991|isbn=0-8047-1896-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Troianos|first=Spyros|last2=Velissaropoulou-Karakosta|first2=Julia|title=Ιστορία δικαίου από την αρχαία στην νεώτερη Ελλάδα [&quot;History of law from ancient to modern Greece&quot;]|location=Athens|publisher=Sakkoulas| date = 1997|isbn=960-232-594-1|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Vasiliev|first=Alexander Alexandrovich|authorlink=Alexander Vasiliev (historian)|title=History of the Byzantine Empire| date = 1928–1935|location=Madison|publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press|url=http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0832.HTM|isbn=0-299-80925-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Versteegh|first=Cornelis H. M.|title=Greek Elements in Arabic Linguistic Thinking| date = 1977|isbn=90-04-04855-3|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Weitzmann|first=Kurt|authorlink=Kurt Weitzmann|title=The Icon|url=https://archive.org/details/icon0000unse_w3g2| date = 1982|location=London|publisher=Evans Brothers|isbn=0-237-45645-1|ref=harv}}
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* {{Cite book|last=Whittow|first=Mark|title=The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofbyzantiu0000whit|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|publisher=University of California Press| date = 1996|isbn=0-520-20496-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wickham|first=Chris|authorlink=Christopher Wickham|title=The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780670020980|location=New York|publisher=Viking| date = 2009|isbn=0-670-02098-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Wolff|first=Robert Lee| date = 1948|title=Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_speculum_1948-01_23_1/page/1|journal=Speculum|volume=23|issue=1|pages=1–34|jstor=2853672|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wroth|first=Warwick|title=Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum| date = 1908|publisher=British Museum Dept. of Coins and Medals|isbn=1-4021-8954-0|ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

==Dugang nga barasahon==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Ahrweiler|first1=Hélène|last2=Aymard|first2=Maurice|title=Les Européens| date = 2000|location=Paris|publisher=Hermann|isbn=2-7056-6409-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Angelov|first=Dimiter|title=Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium (1204–1330)| date = 2007|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-85703-1}}
* Baboula, Evanthia, Byzantium, in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776
* {{Cite book | author= Evans, Helen C. &amp; Wixom, William D | url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/188784|title=The glory of Byzantium: art and culture of the Middle Byzantine era, A.D. 843-1261 | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | date = 1997 | isbn=978-0-8109-6507-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haldon|first=John|title=The Byzantine Wars: Battles and Campaigns of the Byzantine Era|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantiumhistory0000hald| date = 2001|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|publisher=Tempus Publishing|isbn=0-7524-1795-9}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hussey|first=J. M.|title=The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol.&amp;nbsp;IV: The Byzantine Empire| date = 1966|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* Jeffreys, Elizabeth, Byzantine Literature, in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|authorlink=Steven Runciman|title=Byzantine Civilisation|url=https://archive.org/details/byzantinecivilis0000stev| date = 1966|location=London|publisher=[[Edward Arnold (publisher)]] Limited|isbn=1-56619-574-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|title=The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his Reign|origyear=1929| date = 1990|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-06164-4}}
* {{Cite book|last=Toynbee|first=Arnold Joseph|title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1972|isbn=0-19-215253-X}}
{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes}}
{{refend|2}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikisource portal}}
{{wiktionary|Byzantine}}

* {{In Our Time|Byzantine Empire|p00547j9|Byzantine_Empire}}
* [http://www.roman-emperors.org/ De Imperatoribus Romanis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913043304/http://www.roman-emperors.org/ |date= 13 Septyembre 2020 }}. Scholarly biographies of many Byzantine emperors.
* [http://www.anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/ 12 Byzantine Rulers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718092221/http://www.anders.com/lectures/lars_brownworth/12_byzantine_rulers/ |date= 18 Hulyo 2016 }} by Lars Brownworth of [[The Stony Brook School]]; audio lectures. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/education/31education.html NYTimes review].
* [http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~s285238/Roman/RomanEmpire.html 18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman] (Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime).
* [http://www.byzantinemuseum.gr/en/ Byzantine &amp; Christian Museum]

=== Mga pag-aram hin Bizantino, pagkukuhaan ngan bibliograpiya ===
* Fox, Clinton R. [http://www.romanity.org/htm/fox.01.en.what_if_anything_is_a_byzantine.01.htm What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410123427/http://www.doaks.org/Byzantine.html Byzantine studies homepage] at [[Dumbarton Oaks]]. Includes links to numerous electronic texts.
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ Byzantium: Byzantine studies on the Internet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008060507/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ |date=2014-10-08 }}. Links to various online resources.
* [http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107172532/http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans.html |date= 7 Nobyembre 2011 }}. Online sourcebook.
* [http://www.deremilitari.org/ De Re Militari]. Resources for medieval history, including numerous translated sources on the Byzantine wars.
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170022/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html |date=2014-08-14 }}. Numerous primary sources on Byzantine history.
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/byzantine/ Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life]. Hosted by the [[University of Vienna]]; in English.
* [http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp Constantinople Home Page]. Links to texts, images and videos on Byzantium.
* [http://graal.org.ua/en/theodoro-principality Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture].
* [http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/ Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (with further resources and a repository with papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Empire)]</text>
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    <title>Schwyz (canton)</title>
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[[Paypay:Swiss Canton Map SZ.png|right|thumb]]
An '''Schwyz''' amo an usa ka [[canton]] ha nasod han [[Swiza]]. An kapital hini amo an [[Schwyz]].
{{Mga canton han Swiza}}
{{Mga distrito han canton han Schwyz}}
{{turók}}
{{Commonscat|Canton of Schwyz}}

[[Kaarangay:Schwyz (canton)]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga canton ha Swiza]]</text>
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    <title>Agustin han Hipona</title>
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      <text bytes="15749" sha1="2cgazd651fhcda7ug3viyvom0ce6842" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox saint
| name=Augustine of Hippo| birth_date={{Birth date|354|11|13|df=y}}
| death_date={{Death date and age|430|8|28|354|11|13|df=y}}
| feast_day=August 28 ([[Western Christianity]])&lt;br /&gt;June 15 ([[Eastern Christianity]])&lt;br /&gt;November 4 ([[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian]])
| venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Assyrian Church of the East]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Eastern Orthodoxy]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Anglican Communion]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lutheranism]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Aglipayan Church]]
| image=Saint Augustine by Philippe de Champaigne.jpg
| imagesize=250px
| caption=Portrait by [[Philippe de Champaigne]], 17th century
| birth_place=[[Thagaste]], [[Numidia]] (now [[Souk Ahras]], [[Algeria]])
| death_place=[[Hippo Regius]], [[Numidia]] (now modern-day [[Annaba]], Algeria)
| titles=Bishop, Philosopher, Theologian 
| attributes=child; dove; pen; shell, pierced heart, holding book with a small church, bishop's staff, miter
| patronage=[[Brewery|brewers]]; [[Printer (publisher)|printers]]; [[theologians]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]; [[Cagayan de Oro, Philippines]];
| influences= [[Saint Monica]], [[Plotinus]], [[Ambrose]], [[Anthony the Great]], [[Saint Paul]], [[Cyprian]], [[Plato]]
| influenced= [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[John Calvin]], [[Martin Luther]], [[René Descartes]], [[Cornelius Jansen]], [[Nicolas Malebranche]], [[Edmund Husserl]], [[Martin Heidegger]], [[Hannah Arendt]], [[Carl Schmitt]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Antonio Negri]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Saint Bonaventure]], [[Benedict XVI]], [[John Piper (theologian)|John Piper]], [[R. C. Sproul]]
| [[Tanza, Cavite]] Ida, [[Philippines]]; [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]]; [[Saint Augustine, Florida]]; [[Superior, Wisconsin]]; [[Tucson, Arizona]]; [[Avilés|Avilés, Spain]]; [[John Calvin]]
| major_works=''[[Confessions of St. Augustine]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[City of God (book)|City of God]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[On Christian Doctrine]]''
| major_shrine=[[San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]], [[Pavia]], Italy
}}

Hi '''Agustin han Hipona''' o '''Augustine han Hippo''' ([[Linatin]]: ''Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis'') (Nobyembre 13, 354 – Agosto 28, 430), obispo han Hippo Regius, kilala liwat nga San Agustin, hiya amo an usa ka Berber nga pilosopo ngan teyolohiyano.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpiya ==
*{{cite book|title=Ancient Christian Writers: The Works of the Fathers in Translation|year=1978|publisher=Newman Press|location=New York}}
*{{cite book|last=Augustine|first=Saint|title=The Essential Augustine|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialaugusti00augu_0|year=1974|publisher=Hackett|location=Indianapolis|edition=2nd|editor=Vernon Joseph Bourke}}
* {{cite book | title = Augustine and the Trinity | authorlink = Lewis Ayres | author = Ayres, Lewis | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-521-83886-3 }}
*{{cite book|last=Bourke|first=Vernon Joseph|title=Augustine's Quest of Wisdom|url=https://archive.org/details/augustinsquestof0000unse|year=1945|publisher=Bruce|location=Milwaukee}}
*{{cite book|last=Bourke|first=Vernon Joseph|title=Wisdom From St. Augustine|year=1984|publisher=Center for Thomistic Studies|location=Houston}}
*{{cite journal |author= Brachtendorf J | issue=1997 |title= Cicero and Augustine on the Passions|journal= Revue des Études Augustiniennes |volume= 43|pages= 289–308 |id= {{hdl|2042/23075}} }}
* {{cite book | title = Augustine of Hippo | url = https://archive.org/details/augustineofhippo00pete_0 | authorlink = Peter Brown (historian)| author = Brown, Peter | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley | year = 1967 | isbn = 0-520-00186-9 }}
*{{cite journal | last=Burke | first=Cormac | title=St. Augustine and Conjugal Sexuality | journal=Communio | year=1990 | volume=IV | issue=17 | publisher= | url=http://www.cormacburke.or.ke/node/355 | doi= | pages=545–565 | access-date=2012-07-30 | archive-date=2021-02-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208133313/http://www.cormacburke.or.ke/node/355 | url-status=dead }}
*{{cite book | last = Burnaby | first = John | title = Amor Dei: A Study of the Religion of St. Augustine |year=1938| publisher = The Canterbury Press Norwich | isbn = 1-85311-022-1 }}
*{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Mary T.|authorlink=Mary T. Clark|title=Augustine| year=1994|publisher=Geoffrey Chapman|isbn=978-0-225-66681-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Deane|first=Herbert A.|title=The Political and Social Ideas of St. Augustine|year=1963|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York}}
*{{cite journal | last=Doull | first=James A. |authorlink=James Doull | title=Augustinian Trinitarianism and Existential Theology | journal=[[Dionysius (journal)|Dionysius]] | year=1979 | volume=III | pages=111–159}}
*{{cite journal | last=Doull | first=James A. |authorlink=James Doull | title=What is Augustinian &quot;Sapientia&quot;?| journal=[[Dionysius (journal)|Dionysius]] | year=1988 | volume=XII | pages=61–67}}
* {{cite book |author=Fitzgerald, Allan D., O.S.A., General Editor |title=Augustine through the Ages: An Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/augustinethrough0000unse |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. | location = Grand Rapids | year=1999 | isbn = 0-8028-3843-X}}
* Ferguson, Everett, ''Christianity in relation to Jews, Greeks, and Romans'', Taylor &amp; Francis (1999), ISBN 0-8153-3069-3
*{{cite book|last=Gilson|first=Etienne|authorlink=Étienne Gilson|title=The Christian Philosophy of St. Augustine|year=1960|publisher=Random House|location=New York|others=L. E. M. Lynch, trans}}
*{{cite book|last=Lawless|first=George P.|title=Augustine of Hippo and His Monastic Rule|url=https://archive.org/details/augustineofhippo0000lawl|year=1987|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=LeMoine|editor1-first=Fannie|editor2-first=Christopher|editor2-last=Kleinhenz|series=Garland Medieval Casebooks|volume=9|title=Saint Augustine the Bishop: A Book of Essays|location=New York|publisher=Garland|year=1994}}
* {{cite book|last=Lubin|first=Augustino|title=Orbis Augustinianus sive conventuum ordinis eremitarum Sancti Augustini - chorographica et topographica descriptio|location=Paris|year=1659|url=http://www.cassiciaco.it/ITA/001ago/Agostiniani/lubin_conventi/lubin_600.htm}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050321185503/http://www.cassiciaco.it/ita/001ago/Agostiniani/lubin_conventi/lubin_600.htm |date=2005-03-21 }}
* {{cite book | last = Mackey | first = Louis|authorlink=Louis H Mackey | title = Faith Order Understanding: Natural Theology in the Augustinian Tradition | publisher = PIMS | location = Totonto | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-88844-421-9 }}
* {{cite book | last = Magee | first = Bryan|authorlink=Bryan Magee | title = The Story of Thought | url = https://archive.org/details/zdanh_test_031_storyofthought00brya | publisher = The Quality Paperback Bookclub | location = London | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-7894-4455-0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Magee | first = Bryan|authorlink=Bryan Magee | title = The Story of Philosophy: The Essential Guide to the History of Western Philosophy | url = https://archive.org/details/storyofphilosoph00mage | publisher = DK Pub | location = New York | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-7894-7994-X }}
*{{cite book|title=Augustine: A Collection of Critical Essays|url=https://archive.org/details/augustinecollect00mark|year=1972|publisher=Anchor|location=Garden City, NY|editor=Markus, R. A.}}
* {{cite book | title = Augustine | author = Matthews, Gareth B. | publisher = Blackwell | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-631-23348-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Nash|first=Ronald H|title=The Light of the Mind: St Augustine's Theory of Knowledge|url=https://archive.org/details/lightofmind0000nash|year=1969|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|location=Lexington}}
* {{cite book | editor-last = Wiener | editor-first = Philip | title = Dictionary of the History of Ideas | publisher = Scribner | location = New York | year = 1973 | isbn = 0-684-13293-1|volume=3 | chapter = Platonism in the Renaissance | chapterurl=http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist3.xml;chunk.id=dv3-64 | last = Nelson | first = John Charles | pages = 510–15 (vol. 3) | quote=''(...) Saint Augustine asserted that Neo-Platonism possessed all spiritual truths except that of the Incarnation. (...) ''  }}
*{{cite book|last=O'Daly|first=Gerard|title=Augustine's Philosophy of the Mind|url=https://archive.org/details/augustinesphilos0000odal|year=1987|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley}}
* {{cite book | last = O'Donnell | first = James | authorlink=James J. O'Donnell |title = Augustine: A New Biography | url = https://archive.org/details/augustine00jame_qqt | publisher = ECCO | location = New York | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-06-053537-7 }}
* {{cite book|last=Pagels|first=Elaine|authorlink=Elaine Pagels|title=Adam, Eve, and the Serpent: Sex and Politics in Early Christianity|url=https://archive.org/details/adameveserpent00elai|publisher=Vintage Books|year=1989|isbn=0-679-72232-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Plumer, Eric Antone, |title=Augustine's Commentary on Galatians |url=https://archive.org/details/augustinescommen0007augu |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |  isbn = 0-19-924439-1}}
* {{cite book | title = Saint Augustine the Algerian | author = Pollman, Karla | publisher = Edition Ruprecht | location = Göttingen | year = 2007|isbn=3-89744-209-4 }}
* {{cite book|last=Pottier|first=René|title=Saint Augustin le Berbère |publisher=Fernand Lanore|year=2006|isbn=2-85157-282-2|language=French}}
* ''Règle de St. Augustin pour les religieuses de son ordre; et Constitutions de la Congrégation des Religieuses du Verbe-Incarné et du Saint-Sacrament'' (Lyon: Chez Pierre Guillimin, 1662), pp.&amp;nbsp;28–29. Cf. later edition published at Lyon (Chez Briday, Libraire,1962), pp.&amp;nbsp;22–24. English edition, (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp.&amp;nbsp;33–35.
* {{cite book | last = Ruickbie | first = Leo | authorlink=Leo Ruickbie|pages=[https://archive.org/details/witchcraftoutofs0000ruic/page/57 57]–8|title = Witchcraft out of the Shadows | url = https://archive.org/details/witchcraftoutofs0000ruic | publisher = Robert Hale | location = London | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-7090-7567-7 }}
*{{cite book|last=Starnes|first=Colin| authorlink=Colin Starnes|title=Augustine's Conversion: A Guide to the Arguments of Confessions I-IX|url=https://archive.org/details/augustinesconver0000star|year=1990|publisher=Wilfred Laurier University Press|location=Waterloo, Ontario}}
* {{cite book | last = Tanquerey | first = Adolphe| authorlink=Adolphe Tanquerey | title = The Spiritual Life: A Treatise on [[Ascetical theology|Ascetical]] and Mystical Theology | publisher = Tan Books &amp; Publishers | location =  Rockford, IL | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-89555-659-6|pages=37)}}
* {{cite book |title= S. Agostino: Introduzione alla Dottrina della Grazia |last= Trapè |first= A. |location= Rome|publisher=  Città Nuova |year=1990 | series = Collana di Studi Agostiniani 4 | volume = I - Natura e Grazia | page = 422 | isbn= 88-311-3402-7}}
* {{cite book | last = von Heyking | first = John | title = Augustine and Politics as Longing in the World | url = https://archive.org/details/augustinepolitic0000heyk | publisher = University of Missouri Press | location = Columbia | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-8262-1349-9 }}
* {{cite book |author=Weiskotten, Herbert T. |title=The Life of Saint Augustine: A Translation of the Sancti Augustini Vita by Possidius, Bishop of Calama |publisher= Evolution Publishing | location = Merchantville, NJ | year=2008 | isbn = 1-889758-90-6}}
* {{cite book | last = Zumkeller O.S.A.| first = Adolar | title = Augustine's Ideal of the Religious Life | publisher = Fordham University Press | location = New York | year = 1986 | isbn = 0-8232-1105-3 }}
* {{cite book | last = Zumkeller O.S.A. | first = Adolar | title = Augustine's Rule | publisher = Augustinian Press | location = Villanova | year = 1987 | isbn = 0-941491-06-4 }}

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{Commonscat|Augustinus}}

;Kasahiran
* [http://www.bartleby.com/210/8/281.html &quot;St. Augustine, Bishop and Confessor, Doctor of the Church&quot;], ''Butler's Lives of the Saints''
* [http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-biography-of-st-augustine-of-hippo-saint-bishop-confessor-doctor-of-the-catholic-church.html The Life and Writings of St. Augustine of Hippo: Bishop &amp; Doctor of the Christian Church] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814235413/http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-biography-of-st-augustine-of-hippo-saint-bishop-confessor-doctor-of-the-catholic-church.html |date=2014-08-14 }}
* [http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/augustine/ Augustine of Hippo] edited by [[James J. O'Donnell]] – texts, translations, introductions, commentaries, etc.
* [http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo/Augustine's_Theory_of_Knowledge Augustine's theory of knowledge]
* [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/augustine.html St. Augustine page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804043726/http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/augustine.html |date=2012-08-04 }} at ''Christian Iconography''
* [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/augustine.htm &quot;The Life of St. Austin, or Augustine, Doctor&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804001836/http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/augustine.htm |date=2012-08-04 }} from the Caxton translation of the ''Golden Legend''
* [http://davidaslindsay.blogspot.com/2009/08/doctor-gratiae.html David Lindsay: Saint Augustine - Doctor Gratiae]

;Bibliograpiya
* [http://www.earlychurch.org.uk/augustine.php Augustine of Hippo] at EarlyChurch.org.uk – extensive bibliography and on-line articles
* {{worldcat id|lccn-n80-126290}}

;Mga iginbuhat ni Agustin
* [http://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/ St. Augustine] at the [[Christian Classics Ethereal Library]]
* [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT31.HTM Aurelius Augustinus] at &quot;IntraText Digital Library&quot; – texts in several languages, with concordance and frequency list
* [http://www.augustinus.it Augustinus.it] – Latin and Italian texts
* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/20_40_0354-0430-_Augustinus,_Sanctus.html Sanctus Augustinus] at Documenta Catholica Omnia – Linatin
* [http://www.doxologypress.org/theaudio/index.html City of God, Confessions, Enchiridion, Doctrine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309192235/http://www.doxologypress.org/theaudio/index.html |date=2021-03-09 }} audio books
* {{cite book
  |author= Saint Augustine
  |title= The Happy Life; Answer to Sceptics; Divine Providence and the Problem of Evil; Soliloquies
  |url= http://books.google.ru/books?id=u4EJZWrmqgkC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
  |publisher= [[Catholic University of America Press|CUA Press]]
  |location= USA
  |year= 2008
  |isbn= 978-0-8132-1551-8
}}

;Biograpiya ngan kritisismo
* {{sep entry|augustine|Saint Augustine|Michael Mendelson}}
* [http://www.augnet.org/ Order of St Augustine]
* [http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/inquirers/bless_aug.aspx Blessed Augustine of Hippo: His Place in the Orthodox Church]
* [http://www.villanova.edu/mission/spirituality/about/ Augustine's World: An Introduction to His Speculative Philosophy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528110934/http://www.villanova.edu/mission/spirituality/about/ |date=2010-05-28 }} by [[Donald Burt]], OSA, member of the [[Augustinians|Augustinian Order]], [[Villanova University]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agustin han Hipona}}
[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 354]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 430]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]]</text>
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    <title>Budismo</title>
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      <text bytes="18188" sha1="2l8hitnq087kbm6p2t3dbj1vnotqedf" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:BuddhaTwang.jpg|thumb|Estatuwa ni Buddha]]

An '''budismo''' usa nga banay hin mga pagtoo ngan paggios, nga ginkikilala han kadam-an nga usa ka relihiyon, basi ha mga tutdo ni [[Siddhartha Gautama]], nga ginkikilala nga &quot;An Buddha&quot;, nga natawo ha yana nga Nepal.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan|30em}}

==Bibliograpiya==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Ajahn Sucitto| authorlink = Ajahn Sucitto| date = 2010|title=Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching|url=https://archive.org/details/turningwheeloftr0000suci|publisher=Shambhala|postscript={{Inconsistent citations}}}}
*{{Cite book|author=Armstrong, Karen|title=Buddha|url=https://archive.org/details/buddha00arms| date = 2001|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-303436-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/buddha00arms/page/187 187]}}
*{{Cite book|author=Bareau, André|title='Les Sectes bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule|publisher=École Française d'Extrême-Orient|location=Saigon| date = 1955|isbn=}}
* Bechert, Heinz &amp; Richard Gombrich (ed.) (1984). ''The World of Buddhism'', Thames &amp; Hudson.
* {{Citation | last =Bronkhorst | first =Johannes | date = 1993 | title =The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publ.}}
* {{Citation | last =Bronkhorst | first =Johannes | date = 1998 | title =Did the Buddha Believe in Karma and Rebirth? | journal =Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Volume 21, Number 1, 1998 | url =https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8869/2776}}
* {{Cite book | author =Buswell, Robert E. (ed.) | title =Encyclopedia of Buddhism|publisher=MacMillan Reference Books| date = 2003|isbn=978-0-02-865718-9}}
* {{Cite book | author =Coogan, Michael D. (ed.) | title=The Illustrated Guide to World Religions|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2003|isbn=1-84483-125-6}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Cousins|first=L. S.|title=The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=Series 3|issue=6.1|pages=57–63| date = 1996|url=http://indology.info/papers/cousins/|accessdate= 11 Hulyo 2007|doi=10.1017/S1356186300014760|archive-date= 20 Disyembre 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220043745/http://indology.info/papers/cousins/|url-status=dead}}; reprinted in Williams, ''Buddhism'', volume I; NB in the online transcript a little text has been accidentally omitted: in section 4, between &quot;... none of the other contributions in this section envisage a date before 420 B.C.&quot; and &quot;to 350 B.C.&quot; insert &quot;Akira Hirakawa defends the short chronology and Heinz Bechert himself sets a range from 400 B.C.&quot;
*{{Cite book | last =Davidson | first =Ronald M. | date = 2003 | title =Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement | url =https://archive.org/details/indianesotericbu0000davi | publisher =Columbia University Press | location =New York | isbn =0-231-12619-0}}
*{{Cite book | author =de Give, Bernard | title=Les rapports de l'Inde et de l'Occident des origines au règne d'Asoka| publisher =Les Indes savants| date = 2006|isbn=2-84654-036-5}}
*{{Cite book | author =Donath, Dorothy C.|title=Buddhism for the West: Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna; a comprehensive review of Buddhist history, philosophy, and teachings from the time of the Buddha to the present day| url =https://archive.org/details/buddhismforwestt00dona|publisher=Julian Press | date = 1971 | isbn =0-07-017533-0}}
*{{Cite journal | last =Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse| date = 2011|title=What Makes You Not a Buddhist|publisher=Shambhala, Kindle Edition|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
*[[Ainslie Embree|Embree, Ainslie T.]] (ed.), Stephen N. Hay (ed.), Wm. Theodore de Bary (ed.), A.L. Bashram, R.N. Dandekar, Peter Hardy, J.B. Harrison, V. Raghavan, Royal Weiler, and Andrew Yarrow (1958; 2nd ed. 1988). ''Sources of Indian Tradition: From the Beginning to 1800'' (vol. 1). NY: Columbia U. Press. ISBN 0-231-06651-1.
*{{Cite book | last =Gethin | first =Rupert | title =Foundations of Buddhism| url =https://archive.org/details/foundationsofbud00rupe |publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1998|isbn=0-19-289223-1|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last =Goldstein | first =Joseph | date = 2002|title=One Dharma: The Emerging Western Buddhism| url =https://archive.org/details/onedharmaemergin00gold |publisher=HarperCollins|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
* [[Daniel Goleman|Goleman, Daniel]] (2008). ''Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama''. Bantam. Kindle Edition.
* Gombrich, Richard F. (1988; 6th reprint, 2002). ''Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo'' (London: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-07585-8.
* {{Citation | last =Gombrich | first =Richard F. | date = 1997 | title =How Buddhism Began | publisher =Munshiram Manoharlal}}
* {{Cite book | author =[[Henepola Gunaratana|Gunaratana, Bhante Henepola]]|title=Mindfulness in Plain English| url =https://archive.org/details/mindfulnessi_guna_2002_000_10545944|publisher=Wisdom Publications| date = 2002|isbn=0-86171-321-4}} Also available on this websites: [http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/mfneng/mind0.htm saigon.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016172534/http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/mfneng/mind0.htm |date= 16 Oktubre 2006 }} [http://www.urbandharma.org/udharma4/mpe.html urbandharma.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201190256/http://www.urbandharma.org/udharma4/mpe.html |date= 1 Disyembre 2020 }} [http://www.vipassana.com/meditation/mindfulness_in_plain_english.php vipassana.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217022341/http://www.vipassana.com/meditation/mindfulness_in_plain_english.php |date= 17 Disyembre 2020 }}
* Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang. ''Introduction to Buddhism'': An Explanation of the Buddhist Way of Life, [[Tharpa Publications]] (2nd. ed., 2001, US ed. 2008) ISBN 978-0-9789067-7-1
* {{Cite book|author=Harvey, Peter|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontobu00harv_0|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1990|isbn=0-521-31333-3}}
* {{Cite book|author=Hawkins, Bradley K.|title=The Pocket Idiots Guide: Buddhism|publisher=Laurence King (Penguin, Alpha)| date = 1999|isbn=0-02-864459-X}}
* Hill, John E. (2009) ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE''. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
* {{Cite book|author=Indian Books Centre|title=Bibliotheca Indo Buddhica Series, Delhi}}
* {{Citation | last =Jong | first =J.W. de | date = 1993 | title =The Beginnings of Buddhism | journal =The Eastern Buddhist, vol. 26, no. 2}}
* {{Cite book | author =Juergensmeyer, Mark | title=The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions| url =https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_i0h0 |series=Oxford Handbooks in Religion and Theology|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 2006|isbn=978-0-19-513798-9}}
* {{Cite journal | last =Keown | first =Damien| date = 2000|title=Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press, Kindle Edition|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
* Keown, Damien and Charles S Prebish (eds.) (2004). ''Encyclopedia of Buddhism'' (London: Routledge). ISBN 978-0-415-31414-5.
* {{Cite book | author =Kohn, Michael H. (trans.) | title=The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen| url =https://archive.org/details/shambhaladiction0000unse |publisher=Shambhala| date = 1991|isbn=0-87773-520-4}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Lama Surya Das| date = 1997|title=Awakening the Buddha Within| url=https://archive.org/details/awakeningbuddhaw0000sury|publisher=Broadway Books, Kindle Edition|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{Cite book | author =Lamotte, Étienne (trans. from French)|others=trans. Sara Boin|title=Teaching of Vimalakirti| url =https://archive.org/details/teachingofvimala0000tien|publisher=Pali Text Society|location=London| date = 1976|isbn=0-7100-8540-0|nopp=true|page=XCIII}}
* {{Citation | last =Lopez | first =Donald S. | date = 1995 | title =Buddhism in Practice | publisher =Princeton University Press | isbn=0-691-04442-2 | url =http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic787480.files/Lopez-Buddhism%20in%20Practice.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal | last =Lopez | first =Donald S.| date = 2001 | title =The Story of Buddhism | url =https://archive.org/details/storyofbuddhismc0000lope | publisher =HarperCollins | postscript =&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
*{{Cite book | author =Lowenstein, Tom|title=The Vision of the Buddha| url =https://archive.org/details/visionofbuddha0000lowe_d7j6|publisher=Duncan Baird Publishers| date = 1996|isbn=1-903296-91-9}}
* {{Citation | last =Matthews | first =Bruce | date = 1986 | title =Post-Classical Developments In The Concepts of Karma and Rebirth in Theravada Buddhism. In: Ronald W. Neufeldt (ed.), &quot;Karma and rebirth: Post-classical developments&quot; | publisher =SUNY}}
*Morgan, Kenneth W. (ed), ''The Path of the Buddha: Buddhism Interpreted by Buddhists'', Ronald Press, New York, 1956; reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi; distributed by Wisdom Books
*{{Cite book | author =Nattier, Jan | title =A Few Good Men: The Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra (Ugrapariprccha)| url =https://archive.org/details/fewgoodmenbodhis0000natt |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press| date = 2003|isbn=0-8248-2607-8}}
* {{Citation | last =Norman | first =K.R. | date = 1997 | title =A Philological Approach to Buddhism. The Bukkyo Dendo Kybkai Lectures 1994 | publisher =School ofOriental and African Studies (University of London) | url =http://ahandfulofleaves.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/a-philological-approach-to-buddhism_norman_tbf_1997.pdf}}
*{{Cite journal | last =Pinburn | first=Sidney| date = 2001|title=The Dalai Lama: Policy of Kindness|publisher=Snow Lion|postscript=&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
*{{Cite book | author =Ranjini | title=Jewels of the Doctrine|work=Buddhist Stories of the Thirteenth Century|publisher=Sri Satguru Publications|isbn=0-7914-0490-0}}
*Robinson, Richard H. and Willard L. Johnson (1970; 3rd ed., 1982). ''The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction'' (Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing). ISBN 0-534-01027-X.
*{{Cite book | author =Ito, Shinjo|title=Shinjo:Reflections| url =https://archive.org/details/shinjoreflection0000itos|publisher=Somerset Hall Press| date = 2009|isbn=1-935244-00-0}}
*{{Cite book | author =Sinha, H.P.|title=Bhāratīya Darshan kī rūprekhā (Features of Indian Philosophy)|publisher=Motilal Banarasidas Publ.| date = 1993|isbn=81-208-2144-0}}
*{{Cite book | title =A Concise History of Buddhism|author=Skilton, Andrew| date = 1997|publisher=Windhorse Publications|url=http://books.google.com/?id=GEKd4iqH3C0C&amp;dq=history+of+buddhism|isbn=0-904766-92-6}}
*{{Cite book | author =Smith, Huston|title=Buddhism: A Concise Introduction| url =https://archive.org/details/buddhismconcisei00smit|author2=Phillip Novak|publisher=HarperSanFrancisco| date = 2003|isbn=978-0-06-073067-3}}
*{{Cite book|author=[[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]]|title=Refuge: An Introduction to the Buddha, Dhamma, &amp; Sangha (3rd ed., rev.)|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/refuge.html#goi| date = 2001}}
* {{Cite journal | ref =Hanh_74|author=[[Thich Nhat Hanh]]|title=The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching|publisher=Broadway Books| date = 1974|isbn=0-7679-0369-2}}
* {{Cite book | author =[[Robert A. F. Thurman|Thurman, Robert A. F.]] (translator)|title=Holy Teaching of Vimalakirti: Mahayana Scripture|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press| date = 1976|isbn=0-271-00601-3}}
* {{Cite book | ref =Rahula_74|author=[[Walpola Rahula]]|title=What the Buddha Taught| url =https://archive.org/details/whatbuddhataught00walp|publisher=Grove Press| date = 1974|isbn=955-9219-19-7}}
* {{Citation | last =Schmithausen | first =Lambert | date = 1981 | title =On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism&quot;. In: Studien zum Jainismus und Buddhismus (Gedenkschrift für Ludwig Alsdorf), hrsg. von Klaus Bruhn und Albrecht Wezler, Wiesbaden 1981, 199-250}}
* {{Citation | last =Schmithausen | first =Lambert | date = 1986 | title =Critical Response. In: Ronald W. Neufeldt (ed.), &quot;Karma and rebirth: Post-classical developments&quot; | publisher =SUNY}}
* {{Citation | last =Vetter | first =Tilmann | date = 1988 | title =The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism | publisher =BRILL}}
*{{Cite journal | last =Walpola Rahula | date = 2007 | title =What the Buddha Taught | publisher =Grove Press. Kindle Edition | postscript =&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{Citation | last =Warder | first =A.K. | authorlink=A. K. Warder | date = 2000 | title=Indian Buddhism | place=Delhi | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publishers | postscript =&lt;!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to &quot;.&quot; for the cite to end in a &quot;.&quot;, as necessary. --&gt;{{Inconsistent citations}}}}
* {{Cite book | ref =White_74 | author =White, Kenneth | title=The Role of Bodhicitta in Buddhist Enlightenment Including a Translation into English of Bodhicitta-sastra, Benkemmitsu-nikyoron, and Sammaya-kaijo|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press| date = 2005}} ISBN 0-7734-5985-5.
* {{Cite book | author =Williams, Paul | title =Mahayana Buddhism: the doctrinal foundations | url =https://archive.org/details/mahayanabuddhism0000will | publisher =Routledge | location =London| date = 1989|isbn=0-415-02537-0}}
* Williams, Paul (ed.) (2005). ''Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies'', 8 volumes, Routledge, London &amp; New York.
* Williams, Paul with Anthony Tribe (2000). ''Buddhist Thought'' (London: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-20701-0. Retrieved 29 Nobyembre 2008 from [http://books.google.com/books?id=v0Rpvycf1t0C &quot;Google Books&quot;].
* {{Cite book|author=Yamamoto, Kosho (translation), revised and edited by Dr. Tony Page|title=The [[Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra]]|publisher=(Nirvana Publications 1999-2000)}}
* {{Cite book|ref=Yin_98|author=[[Yin Shun]], Yeung H. Wing (translator)|title=The Way to Buddhahood: Instructions from a Modern Chinese Master|publisher=Wisdom Publications| date = 1998}} ISBN 0-86171-133-5.
* Zürcher, E. (1972). ''The Buddhist Conquest of China''. Leiden. E. J. Brill. First published in 1959.
{{Refend}}

===Aada-ha-linya===
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite web|author=Berzin, Alexander| authorlink= Alexander Berzin (scholar)|work=Berzin Archives|title=Historical Sketch of Buddhism and Islam in Afghanistan|date= Nobyembre 2001|url=http://www.berzinarchives.com/islam/history_afghanistan_buddhism.html}}
*{{Cite web|author=[http://www.weiwuwei.8k.com/ Wei, Wei Wu]|work=Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., London|publisher=[http://www.sentientpublications.com/authors/weiwuwei.php Sentient Publications]|title=Why Lazarus Laughed: The Essential Doctrine Zen-Advaita-Tantra| date = 1960|url=http://www.sentientpublications.com/catalog/lazarus.php|accessdate= 10 Nobyembre 2010|archive-date= 23 Disyembre 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223120609/http://www.sentientpublications.com/catalog/lazarus.php|url-status=dead}}
*{{Cite web|ref=Dhammananda_64|author=[[K. Sri Dhammananda|Dhammananda, K. Sri]]|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/whatbelieve.pdf|format=PDF|title=What Buddhists Believe|work=| date = 2002|accessdate= 10 Nobyembre 2010|archive-date= 8 Agosto 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808001534/http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/whatbelieve.pdf|url-status=unfit}}
{{refend}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Buddhism}}
{{Commons category|Buddhism}}
{{Wikiversity|Buddha oracle# Buddhism}}
*[https://sites.google.com/site/mudithacom/home/buddhism_qanda Frequently Asked Questions About Buddhism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320094453/https://sites.google.com/site/mudithacom/home/buddhism_qanda |date= 20 Marso 2015 }}
*[[:dmoz:Society/Religion and Spirituality/Buddhism|Religion and Spirituality: Buddhism]] at Open Directory Project
*{{Cite web|publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/index.html|title=Buddhism&amp;nbsp;— objects, art and history|work=Asia|accessdate= 6 Disyembre 2007|archive-date= 6 Enero 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106085643/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/index.html|url-status=dead}}
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/index.htm Buddhist texts at Sacred Texts.com]
*[http://www.what-Buddha-taught.net/ Buddhism in various languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928041702/http://what-buddha-taught.net/ |date= 28 Septyembre 2007 }}
*[http://www.patheos.com/Topics/Future-of-World-Religions/Buddhism.html The Future of Buddhism series], from ''[[Patheos]]''
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/emptiness.html|title=Emptiness|author=Thanissaro Bhikkhu|authorlink=Thanissaro Bhikkhu|publisher=[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/ A Theravada Library]|accessdate= 19 Disyembre 2012}}

[[Kaarangay:Budismo]]</text>
      <sha1>2l8hitnq087kbm6p2t3dbj1vnotqedf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Diamante</title>
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An '''diamante''' hinimo tikang ha tim-os nga karbon, pareho nga elemento kimikal han uring, pero matig-a ngan kristal it itsura. An diamamte amo an usa ha gititig-ahi nga butang nga nakilala han tawo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Reflist}}

==Mga libro==
* {{cite book |author=C. Even-Zohar |year=2007 |title=From Mine to Mistress: Corporate Strategies and Government Policies in the International Diamond Industry |edition=2nd |publisher=Mining Journal Press |url=http://www.mine2mistress.com}}
* {{cite book |author=G. Davies |year=1994 |title=Properties and growth of diamond |publisher=INSPEC |isbn=0-85296-875-2}}
* {{cite book |author=M. O'Donoghue, M |title=Gems |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750658560 |publisher=Elsevier |year=2006 |isbn=0-7506-5856-8}}
* {{cite book |author=M. O'Donoghue and L. Joyner |year=2003 |title=Identification of gemstones |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |location=Great Britain |isbn=0-7506-5512-7}}
* {{cite book |author=A. Feldman and L.H. Robins |year=1991 |title=Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials |publisher=Elsevier}}
* {{cite book |author=J.E. Field |year=1979 |title=The Properties of Diamond |url=https://archive.org/details/propertiesofdiam0000unse_t9y1 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=0-12-255350-0}}
* {{cite book |author=J.E. Field |year=1992 |title=The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=0-12-255352-7}}
* {{cite book |author=W. Hershey |year=1940 |title=The Book of Diamonds |publisher=Hearthside Press New York |url=http://www.farlang.com/diamonds/hershey-diamond-chapters/page_001 |isbn=1-4179-7715-9 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820053011/http://www.farlang.com/diamonds/hershey-diamond-chapters/page_001 |date=2014-08-20 }}
* {{cite book |author=S. Koizumi, C.E. Nebel and M. Nesladek |year=2008 |title=Physics and Applications of CVD Diamond |publisher=Wiley VCH |isbn=3-527-40801-0 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=pRFUZdHb688C}}
* {{cite book |author=L.S. Pan and D.R. Kani |year=1995 |title=Diamond: Electronic Properties and Applications |publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers |url=http://books.google.com/?id=ZtfFEoXkU8wC&amp;pg=PP1 |isbn=0-7923-9524-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Pagel-Theisen, Verena |year=2001 |title=Diamond Grading ABC: the Manual |publisher=Rubin &amp; Son |location=Antwerp |isbn=3-9800434-6-0}}
* {{cite book |author=R.L. Radovic, P.M. Walker and [[Peter Thrower|P.A. Thrower]] |year=1965 |title=Chemistry and physics of carbon: a series of advances |publisher=Marcel Dekker |location=New York |isbn=0-8247-0987-X}}
* {{cite book |author=M. Tolkowsky |year=1919 |title=Diamond Design: A Study of the Reflection and Refraction of Light in a Diamond |publisher=E. &amp; F.N. Spon |location=London |url=http://www.folds.net/diamond/index.html}}
* {{cite book |author=R.W. Wise |year=2003 |title=Secrets of the Gem Trade: The Connoisseur's Guide to Precious Gemstones |publisher=Brunswick House Press |url=http://www.secretsofthegemtrade.com}}
* {{cite book |author=A.M. Zaitsev |year=2001 |title=Optical Properties of Diamond: A Data Handbook |publisher=Springer |url=http://books.google.com/?id=msU4jkdCEhIC&amp;pg=PP1 |isbn=3-540-66582-X}}

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons|Diamond}}
* [http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond/index.html Properties of diamond: Ioffe database]
* [http://lgdl.gia.edu/pdfs/W97_fluoresce.pdf &quot;A Contribution to the Understanding of Blue Fluorescence on the Appearance of Diamonds&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304201838/http://lgdl.gia.edu/pdfs/W97_fluoresce.pdf |date=2009-03-04 }}. (2007) Gemological Institute of America (GIA)
* Tyson, Peter (November 2000). [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/diamond/sky.html &quot;Diamonds in the Sky&quot;]. Retrieved March 10, 2005.
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198202/diamond Have You Ever Tried to Sell a Diamond?]</text>
      <sha1>2rpmr45p94vvmdmhfvcydh91wugdrjj</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Blues</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18244</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-06T21:56:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for verifiability (20250706)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="7475" sha1="3b1nfu6xmsgsjmrh9bojk97ikjik7hh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Taj Mahal Trio MQ2007-a.jpg|thumb|350px|Taj Mahal Blues Trio]]
[[Paypay:W. C. Handy - The &quot;St. Louis Blues&quot; - First page.jpg|thumb]]
An '''blues''' amo an ngaran nga ginhatag para ha mga musika nga ginhimo han komunidad Aprikano-Amerika ha Salatan han Estados Unidos ha kataposan han ika 19 siglo.

==Pinanbasaran==
{{Mga kasarigan}}

==Mga reperensya==
* {{cite journal|author=Barlow, William|title=Cashing In|journal=Split File: African Americans in the Mass Media| date = 1993|page=31}}
* Bransford, Steve. [http://southernspaces.org/2004/blues-lower-chattahoochee-valley &quot;Blues in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley&quot;] ''Southern Spaces'' 2004
* {{cite book|author=Clarke, Donald|title=The Rise and Fall of Popular Music|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofpopula00clar|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]| date = 1995|isbn=978-0-312-11573-9}}
* {{cite book|title=Nothing But the Blues: The Music and the Musicians|url=https://archive.org/details/nothingbutbluesm00cohn|editor=[[Lawrence Cohn]]|publisher=Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.)| date = 1993|isbn=978-1-55859-271-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Dicaire, David|title=Blues Singers: Biographies of 50 Legendary Artists of the Early 20th Century|url=https://archive.org/details/bluessingersbiog0000dica|publisher=McFarland| date = 1999|isbn=978-0-7864-0606-7}}
* {{cite book|author=Ewen, David|title=Panorama of American Popular Music|url=https://archive.org/details/panoramaofameric00ewen|publisher=Prentice Hall| date = 1957|isbn=978-0-13-648360-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Ferris, Jean|title=America's Musical Landscape|url=https://archive.org/details/americasmusicall0000ferr|publisher=Brown &amp; Benchmark| date = 1993|isbn=978-0-697-12516-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Garofalo, Reebee|title=Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA|url=https://archive.org/details/rockinoutpopular00garo_0|publisher=Allyn &amp; Bacon| date = 1997|isbn=978-0-205-13703-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Herzhaft, Gérard, Paul Harris and, Brigitte Debord|title=Encyclopedia of the Blues|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbl00herz|publisher=[[University of Arkansas Press]]| date = 1997|isbn=978-1-55728-452-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Komara, Edward M.|title=Encyclopedia of the blues|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbl0001unse|publisher=Routledge| date = 2006 |isbn=978-0-415-92699-7}}
* {{cite book|author= Kunzler, Martin|title=Jazz Lexikon|url= https://archive.org/details/jazzlexikon1aaba0002kunz|publisher=Rohwolt Taschenbuch Verlag| date = 1988|isbn=978-3-499-16316-6|language=German}}
* {{cite book|author=Morales, Ed|title=The Latin Beat|url=https://archive.org/details/latinbeatrhythms00mora_0|publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]| date = 2003|isbn=978-0-306-81018-3}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Paul Oliver|Oliver, Paul]] and Richard Wright|title=[[Blues Fell This Morning|Blues fell this morning: Meaning in the blues]]|publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1990|isbn=978-0-521-37793-5}}
* {{cite book|first=Robert|last=Palmer|authorlink=Robert Palmer (author/producer)|title=Deep Blues|url=https://archive.org/details/deepblues00palme|publisher=Viking| date = 1981|pages=[https://archive.org/details/deepblues00palme/page/310 310] pages|isbn=978-0-670-49511-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Schuller, Gunther|title=Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyjazzitsroot0000schu|publisher=Oxford University Press| date = 1968|isbn=978-0-19-504043-2}}
* {{cite book|author=Southern, Eileen|title=The Music of Black Americans|publisher=[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]| date = 1997|isbn=978-0-393-03843-9}}
* {{cite news|url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/08/15/INGMC85SSK1.DTL|title=Muslim Roots of the Blues|work=[[SFGate]]|accessdate=24 Agosto 2005|first=Jonathan|last=Curiel|date=15 Agosto 2004|archive-date=5 Septyembre 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905161734/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2004%2F08%2F15%2FINGMC85SSK1.DTL|url-status=dead}}

==Padugang nga barasahon==
* Brown, Luther. [http://southernspaces.org/2006/inside-poor-monkeys &quot;Inside Poor Monkey's&quot;], ''[[Southern Spaces]]'', 22 Hunyo 2006.
* Dixon, Robert M.W., and John Godrich (1970). ''Recording the Blues''. London: Studio Vista. 85 p., amply ill. SBN 289-79829-9
* {{cite book|first=Giles|last=Oakley|title=The Devil's Music: a History of the Blues|publisher=BBC|location=London| date = 1976|page=287|isbn=978-0-563-16012-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eVaedQMqi2UC&amp;printsec=frontcover}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925215947/http://books.google.com/books?id=eVaedQMqi2UC&amp;printsec=frontcover |date=2014-09-25 }}
* {{cite book|first=Charles|last= Keil|origyear=1966| date = 1991|title=Urban Blues|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, IL|pages= 255 + ix + 8pp of plates|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Yl-8ihykkQ8C&amp;printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-226-42960-1}}
* {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Oliver|authorlink=Paul Oliver|title=The Story Of The Blues|edition=new|publisher=Northeastern University Press| date = 1998|page=212|isbn=978-1-55553-355-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=11dltCqYvZIC&amp;printsec=frontcover}}
* {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Oliver|authorlink=Paul Oliver|title=Conversation with the Blues, Volume 1| date = 1965|publisher=Horizon Press|page=217|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8180-1223-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YS0Vva57m8UC&amp;printsec=frontcover}}
* {{cite book|first=Mike|last=Rowe|title=Chicago Breakdown|url=https://archive.org/details/chicagobreakdown0000rowe|publisher=Eddison Press| date = 1973|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chicagobreakdown0000rowe/page/n229 226] pages|isbn=978-0-85649-015-6}}
* {{cite book|first=Jeff Todd|last=Titon|title=Early Downhome Blues: a Musical and Cultural Analysis|edition=2nd|publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]]| date = 1994|pages=318 pages|isbn=978-0-8078-4482-3|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yPKlxdCBmk0C&amp;printsec=frontcover}}
* Welding, Peter, and Toby Brown, jt. eds. (1991). ''Bluesland: Portraits of Twelve Major American Blues Masters'', in series, ''Dutton Book[s].'' New York: Penguin Group. 253, [2] p., ill., chiefly with b&amp;w photos. ISBN 0-525-93375-1

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
{{Sister project links|Blues|v=no|n=no|b=no|q=no|s=no}}
* {{dmoz|Arts/Music/Styles/B/Blues}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/folklife/onlinecollections.html The American Folklife Center's Online Collections and Presentations]
* [http://www.wirz.de/music/american.htm American Music]: An almost comprehensive collection of historical blues recordings.
* [http://www.yearoftheblues.org/radio/index.asp The Blues Radio Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194012/http://www.yearoftheblues.org/radio/index.asp |date=2014-02-01 }}
* [http://www.BlueShoeProject.org/ The Blue Shoe Project - Nationwide (U.S.) Blues Education Programming]
* [http://www.pbs.org/theblues/ &quot;The Blues&quot;], documentary series by [[Martin Scorsese]], aired on [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]
* [http://www.blues.org/ The Blues Foundation]
* [http://www.deltabluesmuseum.org/ The Delta Blues Museum]
* [http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/music_in_poetry/index.html The Music in Poetry]&amp;nbsp;– [[Smithsonian Institution]] lesson plan on the blues, for teachers
* [http://www.wirz.de/music/american.htm American Music]: Archive of artist and record label discographies</text>
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[[Feusisberg]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Freienbach]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Wollerau]]
&lt;p&gt;
[[Schwyz (canton)|Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124; [[Mga distrito han Swiza#Canton han Schwyz|Mga distrito han Canton Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124; [[Mga munisipalidad han canton han Schwyz]]
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[[Kaarangay:Switzerland municipality navbox templates|Hofe]]
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[[Altendorf, Schwyz|Altendorf]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Galgenen]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Innerthal]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Lachen, Switzerland|Lachen]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Reichenburg]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Schübelbach]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Tuggen]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Vorderthal]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
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&lt;p&gt;
[[Schwyz (canton)|Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124; [[Mga distrito han Swiza#Canton han Schwyz|Mga distrito han Canton Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124; [[Mga munisipalidad han canton han Schwyz]]
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[[Kaarangay:Switzerland municipality navbox templates|March]]
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|list1 = &lt;div&gt;
[[Alpthal]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Arth]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Illgau]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Ingenbohl]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
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[[Morschach]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
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[[Oberiberg]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Riemenstalden]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Rothenthurm]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Sattel, Switzerland|Sattel]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Steinen, Switzerland|Steinen]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Steinerberg]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124;
[[Unteriberg]]
&lt;p&gt;
[[Schwyz (canton)|Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124; [[Mga distrito han Swiza#Canton han Schwyz|Mga distrito han Canton Schwyz]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;#124; [[Mga munisipalidad han canton han Schwyz]]
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[[Kaarangay:Switzerland municipality navbox templates|Schwyz]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Ginpaalayon nga mga artikulo</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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        <username>PowerBUL</username>
        <id>30108</id>
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      <comment>/* O */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5650" sha1="k09ooft7rvf3iijshrllyk2l6o7ouus" xml:space="preserve">Ini an kanan Wikipedia pakli hit pagpapaalayon hin mga artikulo.  Kun karuyag mo magpaalayon hin bag-o nga artikulo, ini an asya nga lugar para magtikang.

==0-9==

==A==
*[[Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines]] [[:en:Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines|(en)]]
*[[Arboretum Vrahovice]] [[:en:Arboretum Vrahovice|(en)]]
*[[Azumi Waki]] ([[:en:Azumi Waki|en]])

==B==
*[[BPI-DOST Science Awards]] [[:en:BPI-DOST Science Awards|(en)]]
*[[BugMeNot]] [[:en:BugMeNot|(en)]]

==C==
*[[Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)]] [[:en:Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)|(en)]] [[:simple:Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)|(simple en)]]
*[[Curlie]] [[:en:Curlie|(en)]]

==D==
*[[Dani Rodrik]] [[:en:Dani Rodrik|(en)]] [[:simple:Dani Rodrik|(simple en)]]
*[[Department of Education (Philippines)]] [[:en:Department of Education (Philippines)|(en)]]

==E==

==F==
*[[Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines]] [[:en:Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines|(en)]]
*[[Fund for Assistance to Private Education]] [[:en:Fund for Assistance to Private Education|(en)]]


==G==
*[[Gifted education]] [[:en:Gifted education|(en)]] [[:simple:Gifted education|(simple en)]]

==H==
*[[Haruka Yoshimura]] ([[:en:Haruka Yoshimura|en]])

==I==

==J==

==K==
*[[Kizuna AI]] ([[:en:kizuna AI|en]])

==L==

==M==
*[[Mail.com]] [[:en:Mail.com|(en)]]
*[[Mathematical Society of the Philippines]] [[:en:Mathematical Society of the Philippines|(en)]]
*[[Mental abacus]] [[:en:Mental abacus|(en)]]
*[[Mind sport]] [[:en:Mind sport|(en)]]
*[[Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower]] ([[:en:Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower|en]])

==N==
*[[National Book Development Board (Philippines)]] [[:en:National Book Development Board (Philippines)|(en)]]
*[[National Chess Federation of the Philippines]] [[:en:National Chess Federation of the Philippines|(en)]]

==O==
* [[Odysee]] ([[:en:Odysee|en]])

==P==
*[[Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities]] [[:en:Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities|(en)]]

==Q==

==R==

==S==
* [[Saraṇa Bhikkhu]] ([[:ceb:Saraṇa Bhikkhu|ceb]], [[:es:Saraṇa Bhikkhu|es]])

==T==
*[[Topless]] [[:en:Toplessness|(en)]]
*[[Tropical agriculture]] [[:en:Tropical agriculture|(en)]]
*[[Tropical horticulture]] [[:en:Tropical horticulture|(en)]]

==U==

==V==

==W==

==X==

==Y==

==Z==

[[Kaarangay:Wikipedia]]


==Famous Ukrainian People or પ્રખ્યાત યુક્રેનિયન==

* ||1||([[:en:Yuriy Drohobych]])||[[Yuriy Drohobych]]||
* ||2||([[:en:Mykhaylo Maksymovych]])||[[Mykhaylo Maksymovych]]||
* ||3||([[:en:Pavlo Virsky]])||[[Pavlo Virskiy]]||
* ||4||([[:en:Mykhailo Hrushevsky]])||[[Mykhailo Hrushevskiy]]||
* ||5||([[:uk:Заболотний Данило Кирилович]])||[[Danylo Zabolotniy]]||
* ||6||([[:en:Volodymyr Ivasyuk]])||[[Volodymyr Ivasyuk]]||
* ||7||([[:de:Pantelejmon Kulisch]])||[[Panteleimon Kulish]]||
* ||8||([[:en:Ivan Puluj]])||[[Ivan Puluj]]||
* ||9||([[:uk:Іван Георгій Пінзель]])||[[Ivan Georgiy Pinzel]]||
* ||10||([[:en:Gregory Skovoroda]])||[[Hryhorii Skovoroda]]||
* ||11||([[:de:Oles Hontschar]])||[[Oles Hontschar]]||
* ||12||([[:de:Borys Paton]])||[[Borys Paton]]||
* ||13||([[:en:Mykola Leontovych]])||[[Mykola Leontovych]]||
* ||14||([[:fr:Vladyslav Horodetskiy]])||[[Vladyslav Horodetskiy]]||
* ||15||([[:en:Yuri Kondratyuk]])||[[Yuriy Kondratyuk]]||
* ||16||([[:uk:Гулак Микола Іванович]])||[[Mykola Hulak]]||||
* ||17||([[:uk:Вороний Юрій Юрійович]])||[[Yuriy Voroniy]]||||
* ||18||([[:en:Petro Prokopovych]])||[[Petro Prokopovych]]||
* ||19||([[:uk:Холодний Микола Григорович]])||[[Mykola Kholodniy]]||||
* ||20||([[:es:Stephen Timoshenko]])||[[Stepan Tymosjenko]]||
* ||21||([[:uk:Писаржевський Лев Володимирович]])||||
* ||22||([[:it:Jurij Fëdorovič Lisjanskij]])||[[Jurij Lisjanskij]]||
* ||23||([[:en:Ivan Mykolaichuk]])||[[Ivan Mykolaichuk]]||
* ||24||([[:en:Mykola Skrypnyk]])||[[Mykola Skrypnyk]]||
* ||25||([[:pl:Mykoła Tereszczenko]])||[[Mykola Tereszczenko]]||
* ||26||([[:en:Fedir Vovk]])||[[Fedir Vovk]]||
* ||27||([[:uk:Думанський Антон Володимирович]])||[[Anton Dumanskiy]]||||
* ||28||([[:uk:Тимченко Йосип Андрійович]])||[[Yosyp Tymchenko]]||||
* ||29||([[:en:Dmytro Yavornytsky]])||[[Dmytro Yavornytsky]]||
* ||30||([[:en:Maksim Kovalevsky]])||[[Maksym Kovalevsky]]||
* ||31||([[:en:Solomiya Krushelnytska]])||[[Solomiya Krushelnytska]]||
* ||32||([[:en:Vasyl Sukhomlynsky]] ]])||[[Vasyl Sukhomlynskiy]] ||
* ||33||([[:es:Teófanes Prokopóvich]])||[[Pheophan Prokopovych]]||
* ||34||([[:en:Evgeny Paton]])||[[Evhen Paton]]||
* ||35||([[:en:Valentyn Glushko]] )||[[Valentyn Glushko]] ||
* ||36||([[:uk:Караваєв Володимир Опанасович (хірург)]])||[[Volodymyr Karavayev]]||
* ||37||([[:en:Les Kurbas]])||[[Les Kurbas]]||
* ||38||([[:de:Kateryna Bilokur]])||[[Kateryna Bilokur]]||
* ||39||([[:uk:Піддубний Іван Максимович]])||[[Ivan Piddubniy]]
* ||40||([[:uk:Птуха Михайло Васильович]])||[[Mykhailo Ptukha]]||


જરૂરી લેખ.
કદાચ લેખો કેટલાક પહેલેથી જ વિકિપીડિયા તમારા વિભાગમાં અસ્તિત્વ ધરાવે છે.
--[[Gumaramit:Yasnodark|Yasnodark]] ([[Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit:Yasnodark|hiruhimangraw]]) 14:25, 3 Abril 2016 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Casino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770181</id>
      <parentid>7642642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T20:03:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>37.228.215.14</ip>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="717" sha1="cxjg2xvf9zwp7nxqplkfg0au3eknzws" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Las Vegas Strip.png|thumb]]
Ang mga '''casino''', nailhan usab nga mga casino, mga lugar nga eksklusibo alang sa sugal. Kasagaran nagtumong sa lain-laing mga legal nga gipadagan nga mga establisemento sa sugal.Ang mga lugar nga ilegal nga sugal kasagarang gitawag nga mga langub sa sugal o mga balay sa sugal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://ultrabkk.com/สล็อต-แจกเครดิตฟรี-200/ |title= history of casino | date = 17 Disyembre 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dohistory.com.my/ dohistory]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* [http://hobbi.wikidot.com/wiki:byt-krupe-v-kazino-tak-ze-uvlekatelno-kak-kazetsa Информация о работе крупье в казино]

{{turok}}</text>
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      <id>7770189</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-07T00:06:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Như Gây Mê</username>
        <id>58907</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/37.228.215.14|37.228.215.14]] ([[User talk:37.228.215.14|talk]]): Link spam (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>7770189</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="665" sha1="p56v0q3bxh6fhg1esnkk2l71fjbifom" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Las Vegas Strip.png|thumb]]
Ang mga '''casino''', nailhan usab nga mga casino, mga lugar nga eksklusibo alang sa sugal. Kasagaran nagtumong sa lain-laing mga legal nga gipadagan nga mga establisemento sa sugal.Ang mga lugar nga ilegal nga sugal kasagarang gitawag nga mga langub sa sugal o mga balay sa sugal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://ultrabkk.com/สล็อต-แจกเครดิตฟรี-200/ |title= history of casino | date = 17 Disyembre 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sumpay ha gawas==
* [http://hobbi.wikidot.com/wiki:byt-krupe-v-kazino-tak-ze-uvlekatelno-kak-kazetsa Информация о работе крупье в казино]

{{turok}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lithodes couesi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>344673</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770190</id>
      <parentid>6942754</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-07T01:39:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheTechnician27</username>
        <id>39540</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Image</comment>
      <origin>7770190</origin>
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      <text bytes="2242" sha1="b6yj72ngn2t3h8vvlpqmnmxa7dgx5uw" xml:space="preserve">{{botmade|Lsjbot|Malacostraca|date=2013-03}}
{{Taxobox
| name               = ''Lithodes couesi''
| status             = 
| image              = Lithodes couesi dorsal plate black background.jpg
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Animalia]]
| phylum             = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis            = [[Malacostraca]]
| ordo               = [[Decapoda]]
| familia            = [[Lithodidae]]
| genus              = [[Lithodes]]
| species            = '''Lithodes couesi'''
| binomial           = Lithodes couesi
| binomial_authority = J. E. Benedict, 1895
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| subphylum          = [[Crustacea]]
| superfamilia       = [[Paguroidea]]
| synonyms           = 
}}
An '''''Lithodes couesi'''''&lt;ref name = &quot;col3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;col487&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;col490&quot;/&gt; in uska species han [[Malacostraca]] nga ginhulagway ni J. E. Benedict hadton 1895. An ''Lithodes couesi'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Lithodes]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Lithodidae]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;/&gt; Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;

==Mga kasarigan==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/lithodes+couesi/match/1|title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;col3&quot;&gt; (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;col487&quot;&gt; (2004) , pre-press, American Fisheries Society Special Publication 31&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;col490&quot;&gt;Williams, Austin B., Lawrence G. Abele, D. L. Felder, H. H. Hobbs, Jr., R. B. Manning, et al. (1989) Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Decapod Crustaceans, American Fisheries Society Special Publication 17&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;&gt;''ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System''. Orrell T. (custodian), 26 Abril 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

[[Kaarangay:Lithodes]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Clupisoma sinense</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>480934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770172</id>
      <parentid>7650525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T12:20:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andre Engels</username>
        <id>17</id>
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      <text bytes="2542" sha1="se9xrxszhv0nlzy88sz99zrnxgq3f88" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name               = ''Clupisoma sinense''
| status             = LC
| image              = 
| image_caption      = 
| domain             = 
| regnum             = [[Animalia]]
| phylum             = [[Chordata]]
| classis            = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo               = [[Siluriformes]]
| familia            = [[Schilbeidae]]
| genus              = [[Clupisoma]]
| species            = '''Clupisoma sinense'''
| binomial           = Clupisoma sinense
| binomial_authority = ([[Huang (awtor)|Huang]], 1981)
| range_map          = 
| range_map_caption  = 
| image2             = 
| image2_caption     = 
| subphylum          = [[Vertebrata]]
| superclassis       = [[Osteichthyes]]
| synonyms           = ''Laides sinensis'' &lt;small&gt;([[Huang (awtor)|Huang]], 1981)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;col480150&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Clupisoma sinensis'' &lt;small&gt;([[Huang (awtor)|Huang]], 1981)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;col480787&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;''Platytropius sinensis'' &lt;small&gt;[[Huang (awtor)|Huang]], 1981&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;col480787&quot;/&gt;
| status_ref         = &lt;ref name = &quot;iucn&quot;/&gt;
| status_system      = iucn3.1
}}
An '''''Clupisoma sinense'''''&lt;ref name = &quot;col480787&quot;/&gt; in uska species han [[Actinopterygii]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Huang (awtor)|Huang]] hadton 1981. An ''Clupisoma sinense'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Clupisoma]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Schilbeidae]].&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;/&gt; Ginklasipika han [[IUCN]] an species komo [[diri gud kababarak-an]].&lt;ref name = &quot;iucn&quot;/&gt; Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;/&gt;

==Mga kasarigan==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;COL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/clupisoma+sinense/match/1|title= Species 2000 &amp; ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;col480787&quot;&gt;Kottelat, M. (2001) Fishes of Laos., WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;source&quot;&gt;''FishBase''. Froese R. &amp; Pauly D. (eds), 14 Hunyo 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;iucn&quot;&gt;{{IUCN2012.2|assessors= | date = 2012|id= 180746|title= Clupisoma sinense|downloaded= 24 Oktubre 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name = &quot;col480150&quot;&gt;Rainboth, W.J. (1996) Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong., FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

[[Kaarangay:Clupisoma]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Karen Black</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2886540</id>
    <revision>
      <id>7770187</id>
      <parentid>7642706</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T21:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>41587</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 1 book for verifiability (20250706)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>7770187</origin>
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      <text bytes="47799" sha1="makzh8tyvs5dghbsl4gcomeb7lg0v0j" xml:space="preserve">[[Paypay:Karen Black (1973).jpg|thumb|right|Hi Karen Black (1973)]]
Hi '''Karen Blanche Black''' (née Ziegler; Hulyo 1, 1939 – Agosto 8, 2013) usa ka nga Amerikanang aktres, awtor, magkaranta ngan awtor hin kanta. 

==Pelikula==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!Tuig
! width=&quot;25%&quot; |Titulo
! width=&quot;17%&quot; |Papel
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Direktor
!Mga Nota
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1960
|''The Prime Time''
|Betty - Painted Woman
|{{sortname|Gordon|Weisenborn}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Person/91906-Karen-Black?sid=4ff52de9-284c-40b2-a6ba-862a4708becb&amp;sr=11.050974&amp;cp=1&amp;pos=0&amp;cxt=Cast1|work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|title=Karen Black filmography|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190821095500/https://catalog.afi.com/Person/91906-Karen-Black?sid=4ff52de9-284c-40b2-a6ba-862a4708becb&amp;sr=11.050974&amp;cp=1&amp;pos=0&amp;cxt=Cast1|archive-date=21 Agosto 2019|access-date=21 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1966
|''[[You're a Big Boy Now]]''
|Amy Partlett
|{{sortname|Francis Ford|Coppola}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1969
|''[[Hard Contract]]''
|Ellen
|{{sortname|S. Lee|Pogostin|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1969
|''[[Easy Rider]]''
|Karen
|{{sortname|Dennis|Hopper}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1970
|''[[Five Easy Pieces]]''
|Rayette Dipesto
|{{sortname|Bob|Rafelson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1971
|''[[Drive, He Said]]''
|Olive
|{{sortname|Jack|Nicholson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1971
|''[[A Gunfight]]''
|Jenny Simms
|{{sortname|Lamont|Johnson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1971
|''[[Born to Win]]''
|Parm
|{{sortname|Ivan|Passer}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1972
|''[[Cisco Pike]]''
|Sue
|{{sortname|Bill L.|Norton}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1972
|''[[Portnoy's Complaint (film)|Portnoy's Complaint]]''
|Mary Jane Reid
|{{sortname|Ernest|Lehman}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1973
|''[[Little Laura and Big John]]''
|Laura
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Luke|Moberly|nolink=yes}}|{{sortname|Bob|Woodburn|nolink=yes}}}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1973
|''[[The Pyx]]''
|Elizabeth Lucy
|{{sortname|Harvey|Hart}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Segrave|Martin|1990|p=89}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1973
|''[[The Outfit (1973 film)|The Outfit]]''
|Bett Harrow
|{{sortname|John|Flynn|John Flynn (director)}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1974
|''[[Rhinoceros (film)|Rhinoceros]]''
|Daisy
|{{sortname|Tom|O'Horgan}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1974
|''[[The Great Gatsby (1974 film)|The Great Gatsby]]''
|Myrtle Wilson
|{{sortname|Jack|Clayton}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1974
|''[[Law and Disorder (1974 film)|Law and Disorder]]''
|Gloria
|{{sortname|Ivan|Passer|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1974
|''[[Airport 1975]]''
|Nancy Pryor
|{{sortname|Jack|Smight}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1975
|''[[Trilogy of Terror]]''
|Julie / Millicent Larimore/ Therese Larimore / Amelia
|{{sortname|Dan|Curtis}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=4 Enero 1975|title=Terror film for Karen Black|p=15|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24409036/calgary_herald/|work=[[Calgary Herald]]|location=Calgary, Alberta|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1975
|''[[The Day of the Locust (film)|The Day of the Locust]]''
|Faye Greener
|{{sortname|John|Schlesinger}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1975
|''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]''
|Connie White
|{{sortname|Robert|Altman}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1976
|''[[Crime and Passion]]''
|Susan Winters
|{{sortname|Ivan|Passer|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1976
|''[[Family Plot]]''
|Fran
|{{sortname|Alfred|Hitchcock}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1976
|''[[Burnt Offerings (film)|Burnt Offerings]]''
|Marian Rolf
|{{sortname|Dan|Curtis|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1977
|''[[Capricorn One]]''
|Judy Drinkwater
|{{sortname|Peter|Hyams}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1977
|''[[The Strange Possession of Mrs. Oliver]]''
|Miriam Oliver
|{{sortname|Gordon|Hessler}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[British Film Institute]]|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f5bd290|title=Karen Black Filmography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408041308/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f5bd290|archive-date=8 Abril 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1977
|''Because He's My Friend''
|Anne
|{{sortname|Ralph|Nelson}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1978
|''[[The Rip-Off]]''
|Clarisse Saunders
|{{sortname|Antonio|Margheriti}}
|Also known as: ''The Squeeze''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Curti|2013|p=253}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1978
|''[[In Praise of Older Women (1978 film)|In Praise of Older Women]]''
|Maya
|{{sortname|George|Kaczender}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Segrave|Martin|1990|p=90}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1979
|''[[Killer Fish]]''
|Kate Neville
|{{sortname|Antonio|Margheriti|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Segrave|Martin|1990|p=90}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1979
|''[[The Last Word (1979 film)|The Last Word]]''
|Paula Herbert
|{{sortname|Roy|Boulting}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1979
|''Mr. Horn''
|Ernestina Crawford
|{{sortname|Jack|Starrett}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=370}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1980
|''[[Police Story: Confessions of a Lady Cop]]''
|Officer Evelyn Carter
|{{sortname|Lee H.|Katzin}}
|Television film
Also known as: ''The Other Side of Fear''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1980
|''Power''
|Rose Vanda-Buchanan
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Barry|Shear}}|{{sortname|Virgil W.|Vogel}}}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1980
|''Where the Ladies Go''
|Helen
|{{sortname|Theodore J.|Flicker}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1981
|''Separate Ways''
|Valentine Colby
|{{sortname|Howard|Avedis}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Segrave|Martin|1990|p=91}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1981
|''[[Killing Heat]]''
|Mary Turner
|{{sortname|Michael|Raeburn|nolink=yes}}
|Also known as: ''The Grass is Singing''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=314}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1981
|''[[Chanel Solitaire]]''
|[[Émilienne d’Alençon]]
|{{sortname|George|Kaczender|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1982
|''[[The Last Horror Film]]''
|Herself
|{{sortname|David|Winters|David Winters (choreographer)}}
|Uncredited
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailydead.com/drive-dust-offs-last-horror-film-1982/|work=Daily Dead|title=Drive-In Dust Offs: The Last Horror Film|last=Drebit|first=Scott|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822072842/https://dailydead.com/drive-dust-offs-last-horror-film-1982/|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1982
|''[[Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (film)|Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean]]''
|Joanne
|{{sortname|Robert|Altman|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1982
|''Miss Right''
|Amy
|{{sortname|Paul|Williams|Paul Williams (director)}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=370}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1983
|''[[Can She Bake a Cherry Pie?]]''
|Zee
|{{sortname|Henry|Jaglom}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1984
|''[[Bad Manners (1984 film)|Bad Manners]]''
|Gladys Fitzpatrick
|{{sortname|Robert|Houston|Robert Houston (actor)}}
|Also known as: ''Growing Pains''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1984
|''A Stroke of Genius''
|
|{{sortname|Jyll|Rosenfeld|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Riggs|2000|p=42}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1984
|''There's Something Wrong in Paradise''
|Gina Gina
|
|Television musical film with [[Kid Creole]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1984
|''Full Circle Again''
|{{Unknown|align=left}}
|{{sortname|William|Fruet}}
|Television film; co-starring with [[Robert Vaughn]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35181828/st_louis_postdispatch/|work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|location=St. Louis, Missouri|title=Cable TV Listings: Full Circle Again|date=19 Agosto 1987|p=6SC|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1985
|''[[Martin's Day]]''
|Karen
|{{sortname|Alan|Gibson|Alan Gibson (director)}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1985
|''[[Cut and Run (film)|Cut and Run]]''
|Karin
|{{sortname|Ruggero|Deodato}}
|Italian title: ''Inferno in diretta''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=131}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1985
|''[[The Blue Man (film)|The Blue Man]]''
|Janus
|{{sortname|George|Mihalka}}
|Also known as: ''Eternal Evil''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=189}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1985
|''[[Savage Dawn]]''
|Rachel
|{{sortname|Simon|Nuchtern}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=482}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1986
|''The Flight of the Spruce Goose''
|Gloria
|{{sortname|Lech|Majewski}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1986
|''[[Invaders from Mars (1986 film)|Invaders from Mars]]''
|Linda Magnusson
|{{sortname|Tobe|Hooper}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1986
|''Hostage''
|Laura Lawrence
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Hanro|Möhr|nolink=yes}}|{{sortname|Percival|Rubens|nolink=yes}}}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1987
|''[[It's Alive III: Island of the Alive]]''
|Ellen Jarvis
|{{sortname|Larry|Cohen}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1988
|''[[The Invisible Kid]]''
|Deborah Dunn
|{{sortname|Avery|Krounse|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1988
|''Dixie Lanes''
|Zelma Putnam
|{{sortname|Don|Cato|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1988
|''[[Out of the Dark (1989 film)|Out of the Dark]]''
|Ruth Wilson
|{{sortname|Michael|Schroeder|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1989
|''[[Homer and Eddie]]''
|Belle
|{{sortname|Andrei|Konchalovsky}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1989
|''The Legendary Life of Ernest Hemingway''
|[[Martha Gelhorn]]
|{{sortname|José María|Sánchez|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1989
|''Trust Me''
|Jilter woman
|{{sortname|Robert|Houston|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Overexposed''
|Mrs. Trowbridge
|{{sortname|Larry|Brand|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Twisted Justice''
|Mrs. Granger
|{{sortname|David|Heavener}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''[[Zapped Again!]]''
|Substitute Teacher
|{{sortname|Doug|Campbell|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Night Angel''
|Rita
|{{sortname|Dominique|Othenin-Girard}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''[[Club Fed (film)|Club Fed]]''
|Sally Rich
|{{sortname|Nat|Christian}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''[[Mirror, Mirror (1990 film)|Mirror, Mirror]]''
|Susan Gordon
|{{sortname|Marina|Sargenti}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Pretty Hattie's Baby''
|
|{{sortname|Ivan|Passer|nolink=yes}}
|Unreleased
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''[[The Children (1990 film)|The Children]]''
|Sybil Lullmer
|{{sortname|Tony|Palmer}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''The Covenant''
|
|{{sortname|Chris|Peschken|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Haunting Fear''
|Dr. Julia Harcourt
|{{sortname|Fred Olen|Ray|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Fatal Encounter''
|Joan Caldwell
|{{sortname|Henri|Charr}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1990
|''Evil Spirits''
|Ella Purdy
|{{sortname|Gary|Graver}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''Quiet Fire''
|Kim Martino
|{{sortname|Lawrence|Hilton-Jacobs}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''The Killer's Edge''
|Barrett
|{{sortname|Joseph|Merhi}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''Dead Girls Don't Tango''
|Inspector Wilson
|{{sortname|John|Carr|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''Caged Fear''
|Blanche
|{{sortname|Robert|Houston|nolink=yes}}
|Also known as: ''Hotel Oklahoma''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''[[Rubin and Ed]]''
|Rula
|{{sortname|Trent|Harris}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''[[Children of the Night (1991 film)|Children of the Night]]''
|Karen Thompson
|{{sortname|Tony|Randel}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''[[The Roller Blade Seven]]''
|Tarot
|{{sortname|Donald G.|Jackson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1992
|''[[The Player (1992 film)|The Player]]''
|Herself
|{{sortname|Robert|Altman|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1992
|''Tuesday Never Comes''
|Michelle
|{{sortname|Jason|Holt|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Heavy.com]]|title=Worst Of Netflix: Tuesday Never Comes|last=Sims|first=Chris|date=8 Marso 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823004241/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2010/03/worst-of-netflix-tuesday-never-comes/|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|url=https://heavy.com/entertainment/2010/03/worst-of-netflix-tuesday-never-comes/|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1992
|''[[Judgement (1992 film)|Judgement]]''
|Tiffany Powers
|{{sortname|William|Sachs}}
|Also known as: ''Hitz''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=267}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1992
|''Auntie Lee's Meat Pies''
|Auntie Lee
|{{sortname|Joseph F.|Robertson|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Weldon|1996|p=31}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1992
|''[[The Legend of the Roller Blade Seven]]''
|Tarot
|{{sortname|Donald G.|Jackson|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Armstrong|Armstrong|2015|pages=172–173}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1992
|''[[The Double 0 Kid]]''
|Mrs. Elliot
|{{sortname|Dee|McLachlan}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1993
|''Bound and Gagged: A Love Story''
|Carla
|{{sortname|Daniel B.|Appleby|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1993
|''[[The Trust (1993 film)|The Trust]]''
|Maria Vandermeer
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Neil|Havens|nolink=yes}}|{{sortname|Douglas|Killgore|nolink=yes}}}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1993
|''[[Return of the Roller Blade Seven]]''
|Tarot
|{{sortname|Donald G.|Jackson|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Armstrong|Armstrong|2015|pages=172–173}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1993
|''Movies Money Murder''
|Bettie
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Stephen|Eckelberry|nolink=yes}}|{{sortname|Arthur|Webb|nolink=yes}}}}
|Also producer
Also known as: ''Breaking Up with Paul''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1994
|''Too Bad About Jack''
|Inspector Wilson
|{{sortname|John|Carr|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1995
|''[[Plan 10 from Outer Space]]''
|Nehor
|{{sortname|Trent|Harris|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1995
|''The Wacky Adventures of Dr. Boris and Nurse Shirley''
|Evelyn
|{{sortname|Paul|Leder}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1995
|''Dream Catcher''
|
|{{sortname|John|Piedlow|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1995
|''Starstruck''
|Bertha
|{{sortname|David|Steiner|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/starstruck-v486062/cast-crew|work=[[AllMovie]]|title=Starstruck: Cast and Crew|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823005905/https://www.allmovie.com/movie/starstruck-v486062/cast-crew|url-status=live|access-date=23 Agosto 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1996
|''Sister Island''
|Rose Walsh
|{{sortname|Avery|Crounse|nolink=yes}}
|Also known as: ''Cries Of Silence''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1996
|''[[Crimetime (film)|Crimetime]]''
|Millicent Hargrave
|{{sortname|George|Sluizer}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1996
|''[[Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering]]''
|June Rhodes
|{{sortname|Greg|Spence|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1996
|''Every Minute is Goodbye''
|Schubert
|{{sortname|Ulli|Lommel}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine|work=[[Video Watchdog]]|issue=43–48|p=47|last1=Lucas|first1=Tim|last2=Lucas|first2=Donna|publisher=Tim and Donna Lucas|title=Reviews: ''Every Minute Is Goodbye''|location=Cincinnati, Ohio|issn=1070-9991}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1996
|''Dinosaur Valley Girls''
|Ro-Kell
|{{sortname|Donald F.|Glut}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Prehistoric Humans in Film and Television: 581 Dramas, Comedies and Documentaries, 1905-2004|last=Klossner|first=Michael|publisher=McFarland| date = 2005|isbn=978-0-786-42215-9|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|p=49}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1996
|''New York Crossing''
|Mrs. Tender
|{{sortname|Vinicius|Mainardi|nolink=yes}}
|Television film
Spanish title: ''Un angelo a New York''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''Greater Than a Tiger''
|Paige
|{{sortname|Keith|Odett|nolink=yes}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[AlloCiné]]|title=Greater Than a Tiger|language=fr|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823010052/http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=213339.html|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|url=http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=213339.html|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''Stir''
|Dr. Gabrielle Kessler
|{{sortname|Rodion|Nakhapetov}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''[[Conceiving Ada]]''
|Lady Byron
Mother Coer
|{{sortname|Lynn Hershman|Leeson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''[[Men (1997 film)|Men]]''
|Alex
|{{sortname|Zoe|Clarke-Williams|nolink=yes}}
|Also screenwriter
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''[[Dogtown (film)|Dogtown]]''
|Rose Van Horn
|{{sortname|George|Hickenlooper}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''Modern Rhapsody''
|Consuelo
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Andrea|Alvarez|nolink=yes}}|{{sortname|Elly|Friedman|nolink=yes}}}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35192499/the_tampa_tribune/|p=1|work=[[The Tampa Tribune]]|location=Tampa, Florida|title=Film festival to screen unfinished dreams|last=Persall|first=Steve|date=9 Hunyo 1997|via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''Invisible Dad''
|Courtney Whitmer
|{{sortname|Fred Olen|Ray}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''[[I Woke Up Early The Day I Died]]''
|Whip Lady
|{{sortname|Aris|Iliopolous|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''Sugar: The Fall of the West''
|
|{{sortname|James|Frey}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''My Neighbor's Daughter''
|Social Worker
|{{sortname|Steven|Kovacs|nolink=yes}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/1998/tv/reviews/my-neighbor-s-daughter-1200455953/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=My Neighbor's Daughter|date=12 Nobyembre 1998|last=Lovell|first=Glenn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802070359/https://variety.com/1998/tv/reviews/my-neighbor-s-daughter-1200455953/|archive-date=2 Agosto 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''Bury the Evidence''
|The Mother
|{{sortname|J. Greg|De Felice|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''Malaika''
|Jessica Martin
|{{sortname|Marina|Martins|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''[[Charades (film)|Charades]]''
|Jude
|{{sortname|Stephen|Eckelberry|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karen-black-five-easy-pieces-nashville-dies-431637|title='Five Easy Pieces' Actress Karen Black Dies at 74|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=8 Agosto 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226233250/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/karen-black-five-easy-pieces-nashville-dies-431637|archive-date=26 Disyembre 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''Waiting for Dr. MacGuffin'' 
|Dental Assistant
|{{sortname|David|Ondaatje|nolink=yes}}
|[[Short film]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[British Film Institute]]|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b81ab54b6|title=Waiting for Dr. MacGuffin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202156/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b81ab54b6|archive-date=3 Disyembre 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''Lightspeed''
|High Priestess
|{{sortname|Roger|Mende|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1999
|''[[The Underground Comedy Movie]]''
|Mother
|{{sortname|Vince|Offer}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1999
|''Mascara''
|Aunt Eloise
|{{sortname|Linda|Kandel|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1999
|''Paradise Cove''
|Ma
|{{sortname|Robert|Clapsadle|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2000
|''[[Fallen Arches (film)|Fallen Arches]]''
|Lucy Romano
|{{sortname|Ron|Cosentino|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2000
|''[[Red Dirt (film)|Red Dirt]]''
|Aunt Summer
|{{sortname|Tag|Purvis|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2000
|''Oliver Twisted''
|Mrs. Mary Happ
|{{sortname|Dean|Gates|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Riggs|2000|p=42}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2000
|''Inviati speciali''
|
|{{sortname|Fred Olen|Ray}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2000
|''[[The Independent (2000 film)|The Independent]]''
|Herself
|{{sortname|Stephen|Kessler|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2001
|''The Donor''
|Mrs. Springle
|{{sortname|Jean-Marie|Pallardy}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Gale|2007|p=1930}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2001
|''[[Gypsy 83]]''
|Bambi LeBleau
|{{sortname|Todd|Stephens}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2001
|''Hard Luck''
|Aunt Judy
|{{sortname|Jack|Rubio|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2001
|''[[Soulkeeper]]''
|Magnificent Martha
|{{sortname|Darin|Ferriola|nolink=yes}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Film Threat]]|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/soulkeeper-dvd/|title=Soulkeeper (DVD)|date=10 Pebrero 2002|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823004523/https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/soulkeeper-dvd/|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2002
|''[[Teknolust]]''
|Dirty Dick
|{{sortname|Lynn Hersman|Leeson|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2002
|''[[Curse of the Forty-Niner]]''
|Aunt Nelly
|{{sortname|John Carl|Buechler}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2002
|''All Hallow's Eve''
|
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2003
|''[[House of 1000 Corpses]]''
|Mother Firefly
|{{sortname|Rob|Zombie}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2003
|''[[Paris (2003 film)|Paris]]''
|Chantrelle
|{{sortname|Ramin|Niami}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2003
|''[[Harold Buttleman, Daredevil Stuntman|Buttleman]]''
|Mrs. Buttleman
|{{sortname|Francis|Stokes}}
|Also known as: ''Don't Try This at Home''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2003
|''[[Summer Solstice (2003 film)|Summer Solstice]]''
|Dr. Sally McDermott
|{{sortname|George|Fivas}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Magic City Morning Star]]|url=http://www.magic-city-news.com/Entertainment_8/Waldo_Theatre_Announces_Maine_Premiere_of_Summer_S_39603960.shtml|location=Katadhin, Maine|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823010534/http://www.magic-city-news.com/Entertainment_8/Waldo_Theatre_Announces_Maine_Premiere_of_Summer_S_39603960.shtml|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|title=Waldo Theatre Announces Maine Premiere of &quot;Summer Solstice&quot;|date=31 Mayo 2005|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2004
|''America Brown''
|Marianne Brown
|{{sortname|Paul|Black|Paul Black (director)}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2004
|''Birth of Industry''
|Sara
|{{sortname|Gabriela|Tollman|nolink=yes}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.clevelandfilm.org/films/2005/birth-of-industry|work=[[Cleveland International Film Festival]]|title=Birth of Industry|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823013256/https://www.clevelandfilm.org/films/2005/birth-of-industry|url-status=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2005
|''Love Wine''
|Aunt Anita
|{{sortname|Mark|McNabb|nolink=yes}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2005
|''Carma''
|Kate Burns
|{{sortname|Ray Arthur|Wang}}
|Voice
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/carma/|work=[[Film Threat]]|title=Carma|date=11 Abril 2006|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823010644/https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/carma/|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2005
|''[[My Suicidal Sweetheart]]''
|Grace's Mom
|{{sortname|Michael|Parness|nolink=yes}}
|Also known as: ''Crazy for Love''; ''Max &amp; Grace''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2005
|''Trailer for a Remake of Gore Vidal's Caligula''
|[[Vipsania Agrippina|Agrippina]]
|{{sortname|Francesco|Vezzoli}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2005
|''[[Firecracker (film)|Firecracker]]''
|Sandra
Eleanor
|{{sortname|Steve|Balderson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2005
|''The Straun House''
|Molly
|{{sortname|Jeff|Broadstreet}}
|Also known as: ''Dr. Rage''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Dread Central]]|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/4117/dr-rage-2005/|title=Dr. Rage (2005)|author=Condit, Jon|date=9 Marso 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823011724/https://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/4117/dr-rage-2005/|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2006
|''[[Hollywood Dreams]]''
|Luna
|{{sortname|Henry|Jaglom}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2006
|''Read You Like a Book''
|Kate
|{{sortname|Robert N.|Zagone}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/read_you_like_a_book|title=Read You Like a Book|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822070136/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/read_you_like_a_book|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2006
|''Whitepaddy''
|Mrs. Leider
|{{sortname|Geretta|Geretta}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cineartistes.com/fiche-Karen+Black.html?PHPSESSID=|work=CinéArtistes|title=Karen Black|language=fr|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822070411/http://www.cineartistes.com/fiche-Karen+Black.html?PHPSESSID=|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2007
|''[[Suffering Man's Charity]]''
|Renee
|{{sortname|Alan|Cumming}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/suffering-mans-charity-159505|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|title=Review: 'Suffering Man's Charity'|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822070734/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/suffering-mans-charity-159505|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|last=DeFore|first=John|date=14 Hunyo 2007|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2007
|''One Long Night''
|Barbara
|{{sortname|David|Siqueiros}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/one_long_night|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|title=One Long Night|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822070715/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/one_long_night|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2008
|''Contamination''
|Mavis
|{{sortname|Rodion|Nakhapetov|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/contamination_2015|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|title=Contamination|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823011608/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/contamination_2015|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2008
|''[[Watercolors (film)|Watercolors]]''
|Mrs. Martin
|{{sortname|David|Oliveras}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2008
|''The Blue Tooth Virgin''
|Zena
|{{sortname|Russell|Brown|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2008
|''[[A Single Woman (film)|A Single Woman]]''
|Storyteller
|{{sortname|Kamala|Lopez}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_single_woman|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|title=A Single Woman|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190823004025/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_single_woman|archive-date=23 Agosto 2019|access-date=23 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2009
|''Meet the Eye''
|
|{{sortname|Aïda|Ruilova}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2009
|''[[Irene in Time]]''
|Sheila Shivvers
|{{sortname|Henry|Jaglom|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2009
|''[[Repo Chick]]''
|Aunt de la Chasse
|{{sortname|Alex|Cox}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2009
|''[[Stuck!]]''
|Next Door Neighbor Lady
|{{sortname|Steve|Balderson}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stuck!|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|last=Koehler|first=Robert|date=4 Agosto 2010|url=https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/stuck-2-1117943293/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822071937/https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/stuck-2-1117943293/|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2009
|''Double Duty''
|Annabelle
|{{sortname|Stephen|Eckelberry|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/los-angeles-screening-of-double-duty-59929287/|work=[[Hollywood.com]]|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822065756/http://www.hollywood.com/general/los-angeles-screening-of-double-duty-59929287/%23/ms-5380/1|title=Los Angeles screening of Double Duty|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2009
|''First Time Long Time''
|Dr. Shneidel
|{{sortname|James|Demo|nolink=yes}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Tribeca Film Festival]]|url=https://www.tfiny.org/filmmakers/detail/james_demo|title=Filmmakers: James Demo|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822065756/https://www.tfiny.org/filmmakers/detail/james_demo|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010
|''Better People''
|Marci
|{{sortname|Dorsay|Alavi|nolink=yes}}
|Television film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010
|''Nothing Special''
|May
|{{sortname|Angela Garcia|Combs}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;afi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''[[Some Guy Who Kills People]]''
|Ruth Boyd
|{{sortname|Jack|Perez}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;bfi2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Letters from the Big Man''
|Sean's Colleague
|{{sortname|Christopher|Münch}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ebert, Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/letters-from-the-big-man-2011|title=Letters from the Big Man|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822070059/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/letters-from-the-big-man-2011|date=30 Nobyembre 2011|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2011
|''Maria My Love''
|Maria
|{{sortname|Jasmine|McGlade|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2011/04/meet-the-2011-tribeca-filmmakers-maria-my-love-director-jasmine-mcglade-chazelle-242978/|work=[[Indiewire]]|title=Meet the 2011 Tribeca Filmmakers: &quot;Maria My Love&quot; Director Jasmine McGlade Chazelle|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822065126/https://www.indiewire.com/2011/04/meet-the-2011-tribeca-filmmakers-maria-my-love-director-jasmine-mcglade-chazelle-242978/|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|author=Indiewire Staff|date=13 Abril 2011|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Mommy's Little Monster'' 
|Mrs. Melnick
|{{sortname|Marshall E.|Uzzle|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mommys_little_monster|title=Mommy's Little Monster|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822065152/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mommys_little_monster|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Warnings from the Bathtub''
|Mother
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Elizabeth|Appell|nolink=yes}}|{{sortname|Mickey|Freeman|nolink=yes}}}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.warningsfromthebathtub.com/cast.html|work=Warnings from the Bathtub Official Site|title=Cast|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822065229/http://www.warningsfromthebathtub.com/cast.html|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''Vacationland''
|Louise Bergen
|{{sortname|Jaime|Hook|nolink=yes}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressherald.com/2013/08/09/five-easy-pieces-star-karen-black-dead-at-74/|work=[[Portland Press Herald|Press Herald]]|location=Portland, Maine|date=9 Agosto 2013|last=Italie|first=Hillel|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822065427/https://www.pressherald.com/2013/08/09/five-easy-pieces-star-karen-black-dead-at-74/|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|title='Five Easy Pieces' Star Karen Black Dead at 74|url-status=live|agency=Associated Press|access-date=22 Agosto 2019}}{{subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2012
|''[[Dark Blood]]''
|Motel Woman
|{{sortname|George|Sluizer|nolink=yes}}
|Filmed in 1993
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/river-phoenixs-last-film-dark-blood-finished-357228|title=River Phoenix's Last Film 'Dark Blood' to Debut at Film Festival in September|last=Roxborough|first=Scott|date=1 Agosto 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125205627/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/river-phoenixs-last-film-dark-blood-finished-357228|archive-date=25 Enero 2013|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''OowieWanna''
|The Donna
|{{sortname|Bridget|Palardy|nolink=yes}}
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Ooga Booga''
|Mrs. Allardyce
|{{sortname|Charles|Band}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Dread Central]]|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/reviews/42108/ooga-booga-2013/|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|title=Ooga Booga (2013)|date=7 Marso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''She Loves Me Not''
|Karla
|{{hlist|{{sortname|Brian|Jun}}|{{sortname|Jack|Sanderson|nolink=yes}}}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Film Threat]]|url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/she-loves-me-not/|title=She Loves Me Not|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822071240/https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/she-loves-me-not/|date=4 Hulyo 2013|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2013
|''Bottomless Pit''
|Herself
|{{sortname|Zach|Hill}}
|Unfinished film, shot for musical group [[Death Grips]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2015/10/death-grips-bottomless-pit-karen-black-video/|work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|date=21 Oktubre 2015|last=Joyce|first=Colin|title=Death Grips Announce ‘Bottomless Pit’ LP|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822071410/https://www.spin.com/2015/10/death-grips-bottomless-pit-karen-black-video/|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''Wild in Blue''
|Justine
|{{sortname|Matthew|Berkowitz}}
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wild_in_blue|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|title=Wild in Blue|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822071650/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wild_in_blue|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2014
|''A Walk Into a Split Mind''
|Karen
|
|Installment in multi-film series ''The Being Experience''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thebeingexperience.com/cast|work=The Being Experience|title=Cast|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190822071747/http://thebeingexperience.com/cast|archive-date=22 Agosto 2019|access-date=22 Agosto 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

==Telebisyon==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!Taon
!Titulo
!Role
!Mga Nota
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''[[The F.B.I. (TV series)|The F.B.I.]]''
|Lorraine Chapman
|Episode: &quot;The Satellite&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''[[Run for Your Life (TV series)|Run for Your Life]]''
|Jennifer Palmer
|Episode: &quot;Tell It to the Dead&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''[[The Big Valley]]''
|Carla
|Episode: &quot;Days of Grace&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Karen Black Credits|work=[[TV Guide]]|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/karen-black/credits/159689/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133632/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/karen-black/credits/159689/|archive-date=3 Hulyo 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''[[The Second Hundred Years (TV series)|The Second Hundred Years]]''
|Marcia
|2 episodes
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''The Invaders''
|Claudia Stone
|Episode: &quot;The Ransom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''[[Iron Horse (TV series)|Iron Horse]]''
|Patricia Dunne
|Episode: &quot;The Prisoners&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1968
|''[[Mannix]]''
|Elaine Tate
|Episode: &quot;License to Kill - Limit Three People&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1968
|''[[Judd, for the Defense]]''
|Alethea Staunton
|Episode: &quot;The Devil's Surrogate&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1968
|''[[Adam-12]]''
|Susan Decker
|Episode: &quot;Log 132: Producer&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1969
|''[[The Name of the Game (TV series)|The Name of the Game]]''
|Monica Garrison
|Episode: &quot;Give Till It Hurts&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1972
|''[[Ghost Story (TV series)|Ghost Story]]''
|Barbara Sanders
|Episode: &quot;Bad Connection&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1976–1981
|''[[Saturday Night Live]]''
|Herself
|4 episodes
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1984–1985
|''[[E/R]]''
|Sheila Sheinfeld
|3 episodes
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Terrace|Parish|1990|p=37}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1985–1987
|''[[Faerie Tale Theatre]]''
|Sea Witch / Interviewee
|2 episodes
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1986
|''[[Murder, She Wrote]]''
|Dr. Sylvia Dunn
|Episode: &quot;One Good Bid Deserves a Murder&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1987
|''[[Worlds Beyond (TV series)|Worlds Beyond]]''
|Lee Jeffreys
|Episode: &quot;Suffer, Little Children&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Riggs|2000|p=42}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1989
|''[[Miami Vice]]''
|Helen Jackson
|Episode: &quot;Victims of Circumstance&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1991
|''[[ABC Weekend Special]]''
|Miss Kuchenbacker
|Episode: &quot;Ralph S. Mouse&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Riggs|2000|p=42}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1993
|''[[In the Heat of the Night (TV series)|In the Heat of the Night]]''
|Carla Ray
|Episode: &quot;A Dish Best Served Cold&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1993
|''[[Moon Over Miami (TV series)|Moon Over Miami]]''
|Lorraine Pitzer
|Episode: &quot;Watching the Detectives&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |{{sfn|Riggs|2000|p=42}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1997
|''[[The Hunger (TV series)|The Hunger]]''
|Miss Gati / Landlady
|Episode: &quot;Menage a Trois&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''[[Profiler (TV series)|Profiler]]''
|Evie Long
|Episode: &quot;Cycle of Violence&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1998
|''[[Party of Five]]''
|Doreen Jablonsky
|Episode: &quot;One Christmas, to Go&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1999
|''[[Rude Awakening (TV series)|Rude Awakening]]''
|Crystal Garcia
|2 episodes
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2003
|''[[Law &amp; Order: Criminal Intent]]''
|Vera Morgan
|Episode: &quot;Con-Text&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2003
|''Russians in the City of Angels''
|Patricia Sommers
|Episode: &quot;Priklyuchenie&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010
|''[[Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!]]''
|Jennifer
|Episode: &quot;Choices&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;tvg2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|}

==Entablado==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!Taon
!Titulo
!Role
!Mga nota
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1961
|''Take Her, She's Mine''
|Liza Michaelson / Linda Lehman / Adele McDougall (understudy)
|[[Samuel J. Friedman Theatre|Biltmore Theatre]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;pb2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/person/karen-black-vault-0000046849|work=[[Playbill]]|title=Karen Black|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314114845/http://www.playbill.com/person/karen-black-vault-0000046849|archive-date=14 Marso 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1965
|''The Playroom''
|Judy
|[[Brooks Atkinson Theatre]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;pb2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1966
|''Happily Never After''
|Sarah Mills
|[[Eugene O'Neill Theatre]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;pb2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1967
|''Keep It in the Family''
|Hilda Brady
|[[Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre|Plymouth Theatre]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;pb2&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |1982
|''[[Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (play)|Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean]]''
|Joanne
|[[Al Hirschfeld Theatre|Martin Beck Theater]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;pb2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|}

==Mga kasarigan==
{{Mga kasarigan|30em}}

==Mga kasarigan han libro==

* {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Film Themes, Settings and Series|last1=Armstrong|first1=Richard B.|last2=Armstrong|first2=Mary Williams|publisher=McFarland| date = 2015|isbn=978-1-476-61230-0|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Italian Crime Filmography, 1968-1980|last=Curti|first=Roberto|publisher=McFarland| date = 2013|isbn=978-1-476-61208-9|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Video Sourcebook|last=Gale|first=Thomson|publisher=Gale Publishing Group| date = 2007|isbn=978-1-414-40099-0|edition=39th|location=Detroit, Michigan|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/postfeministholl0000segr|title=The Post-Feminist Hollywood Actress: Biographies and Filmographies of Stars Born After 1939|last1=Segrave|first1=Kerry|last2=Martin|first2=Linda|publisher=McFarland| date = 1990|isbn=978-0-899-50387-5|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Complete Actors' Television Credits, 1948-1988 – Actresses|last1=Terrace|first1=Vincent|last2=Parish|first2=James Robert|publisher=Scarecrow Press| date = 1989|isbn=978-0-810-8225-80|volume=2|location=Metuchen, New Jersey|ref=harv|author2-link=James Robert Parish}}
* {{Cite book|title=Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television|last=Riggs|first=Thomas|publisher=Gale Publishing Group| date = 2000|isbn=978-0-787-64636-3|volume=31|location=Detroit, Michigan|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Psychotronic Video Guide To Film|url=https://archive.org/details/psychotronicvide0000weld|last=Weldon|first=Michael|publisher=Macmillan| date = 1996|isbn=978-0-312-13149-4|location=New York|ref=harv}}</text>
      <sha1>makzh8tyvs5dghbsl4gcomeb7lg0v0j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jendil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2890896</id>
    <redirect title="Clupisoma sinense" />
    <revision>
      <id>7770171</id>
      <parentid>7650524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T12:20:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andre Engels</username>
        <id>17</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ginredirecta an pakli ngada ha [[Clupisoma sinense]]</comment>
      <origin>7770171</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31" sha1="mgsg23pbh0lu9jaylo1zbry8205ng7s" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Clupisoma sinense]]</text>
      <sha1>mgsg23pbh0lu9jaylo1zbry8205ng7s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>