Cuba

Wikipedia warwiki https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Pakli MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medya Pinaurog Hiruhimangraw Gumaramit Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit Wikipedia Hiruhimangraw hiton Wikipedia Paypay Hiruhimangraw hiton paypay MedyaWiki Hiruhimangraw hiton MedyaWiki Batakan Hiruhimangraw hiton batakan Bulig Hiruhimangaw hiton bulig Kaarangay Hiruhimangraw hiton kaarangay TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Cuba 0 8847 7782784 7782378 2026-04-27T00:23:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7782784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Nasod |native_name = {{lang|es|República de Cuba}} |conventional_long_name = Republika han Cuba |common_name = Cuba |image_flag = Flag of Cuba.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Cuba.svg |symbol_type = Eskudo |image_map = Cuba (orthographic projection).svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|es|"¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos!"|italics=off|nolink=on}} {{small|"¡Iroy nga Tuna o Kamatayan, magdadaog hi kitá!!"}}{{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bc.gob.cu/english/cuban_bills.asp |title=Cuban Peso Bills |publisher=Central Bank of Cuba |date=2015 |accessdate=Pebrero 14, 2017 |archive-date= 26 Septyembre 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926193856/http://www.bc.gob.cu/English/cuban_bills.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} {{•}} "{{lang|es|[[Mga trabahador han kalibotan, paghiusá!|¡Trabajadores del mundo, únanse!]]}}" {{small|"¡Mga trabahador han kalibotan, paghiusá!"}} | national_anthem = ''[[La Bayamesa]]'' {{raise|0.2em|{{small|''An Bayamesa'' }}{{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mipais.cuba.cu/cat_en.php?idcat=91&idpadre=83&nivel=2 |title=National symbols |publisher=Government of Cuba |accessdate=Septyembre 7, 2009}}</ref>}}}} <center>[[File:Cuban national anthem (abridged version), performed by the U.S. Navy Band.oga]]</center> |official_languages = [[Kinatsila nga yinaknan|Kinatsila]] |demonym = Cubano |ethnic_groups = 65.05% [[Europeo nga etniko nga grupo|Europeo]] ([[Espanyol nga katawhan|Espanyol]], [[Franses nga katawhan|Franses]], iba), 10.08% [[Afro-Cubano|Afrikano]] ([[Yoruba nga katawhan|Yoruba]], [[Igbo nga katawyan|Igbo]], iba), 23.84% [[Mulatto]] & [[Mestizo]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official 2002 Cuban Census |url=http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/censo/tablas_html/ii_3.htm |access-date= 22 Abril 2009 |archive-date= 14 Abril 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414135412/http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/censo/tablas_html/ii_3.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |capital = [[La Habana]] |latd=23 |latm=8 |latNS=N |longd=82 |longm=23 |longEW=W |largest_city = La Habana |government_type = [[Sosyalista nga Republika]], [[Usa-nga-partido nga estado|Usa-nga-partido]] nga [[estado komunista]] |leader_title1 = [[Konseho han Estado han Cuba|Presidente]] |leader_name1 = [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]] |leader_title2 = [[Konsehon hin mga Ministro han Cuba|Premier]] |leader_name2 = [[Manuel Marrero Cruz]] |area_rank = ika-105 |area_magnitude = 1_E11 |area = 110,861 |area_km2 = 110,861 |area_sq_mi = 42,803  |percent_water = waray bale |population_estimate = 11,423,952<ref name="CIApop">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html#People |access-date= 22 Abril 2009 |archive-date= 10 Pebrero 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210152814/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html#People |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2008 |population_estimate_rank = ika-73 |population_census = 11,177,743 |population_census_year = 2002 |population_density = 102 |population_density_km2 = 102 |population_density_sq_mi = 264  |population_density_rank = ika-97 |GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP = $108.2 ka bilyon<ref name="CIAfactbookCuba">{{Citation|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html|title= Cuba|publisher= CIA World Factbook|accessdate= 6 Abril 2009|archive-date= 10 Pebrero 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160210152814/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,500<ref name=CIAfactbookCuba /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2008 |GDP_nominal = $55.18 ka bilyon<ref name="CIAfactbookCuba"/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,830<ref name="CIApop"/><ref name="CIAfactbookCuba"/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 38.0  | Gini_year = 2000 | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite news |title=Cuba grapples with growing inequality |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/10/us-cuba-reform-inequality-idUSN1033501920080410 |accessdate=21 Hulyo 2013 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-date=17 Septyembre 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917130622/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/10/us-cuba-reform-inequality-idUSN1033501920080410 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.775  | HDI_year = 2015  | HDI_change = paghitaas  | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990–2014|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/trends|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|accessdate=15 Disyembre 2015}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ika-68 |sovereignty_type = [[Independensya]] |sovereignty_note = tikang han [[Espanya]] |established_event1 = Gindeklarac |established_event2 = Gindeklara in Republika |established_event3 = [[Cubano nga Rebolusyon]] |established_date1 = Oktubre 10, 1868 |established_date2 = Mayo 20, 1902 tikang han [[Estados Unidos]] |established_date3 = Enero 1, 1959 |currency = [[Cubano nga peso]] (<code>[[ISO 4217|CUP]]</code>) [[Cubano nga nababalhin nga peso|Nababalhin nga peso]] d |currency_code = CUC |time_zone = |utc_offset = -5 |time_zone_DST = (Natikang hit Marso 11; natapos hit Nobyembre 4) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |drives_on = tuo |cctld = [[.cu]] |calling_code = 53 |footnotes = a Sugad han naipakita dida han obverso nga bahin han 1992 nga coin<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sonic.net/~figgins/cuba/coin.gif |title=1992 coin |author=Sonic.net| accessdate= 26 Septyembre 2006}}</ref> (Tigamni nga an Kinatsila nga pulong "Patria" usa nga binabayi nga pulong ngan puyde ini maihubad ha Winaray nga "Duyan" o "Lugar nga Natawhan" or "Iroy nga Tuna".) bAn [[Konstitusyon han Cuba]] nasiring nga an "''Cuba usa nga independyente ngan soberano nga sosyalista nga estado [Artikulo 1] ngan an ngaran han Cubano nga estado amo an Republika han Cuba [Artikuko 2]''."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cubanet.org/ref/dis/const_92_e.htm|title=The Cuban constitution|accessdate= 29 Enero 2007|author=Government of Cuba|archive-date= 17 Mayo 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517085739/http://www.cubanet.org/ref/dis/const_92_e.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> An kagamit han "sosyalista nga republika" agod maipahayag an estilo hin pan-gobyernohan ha Cuba haros uniforme, bisan man kon in mga porma hin gobyerno waray unibersal nga ginkakasabotan nga tipolohya. Pananglitan, Atlapedia<ref>{{Cite web| url= http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/cuba.htm |author=Atlapedia|title=Cuba}}</ref> nagdedeskribir hini nga "Unitaryo nga Sosyalista nga Republika"; An ''Encyclopædia Britannica''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-54401|author=Encyclopædia Britannica|authorlink=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Cuba|accessdate= 29 Enero 2007|archive-date= 7 Mayo 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507181811/http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-54401|url-status=dead}}</ref> diri nagamit han pulong nga "unitaryo" sugad hit kadam-an nga mga barasahon. c Ha pagtikang han [[Napulo ka Tuig nga Gyera]]. d Tikang han 1993 tubtob 2004 an [[dolyar han Estados Unidos|U.S. dollar]] gin-gamit upod han peso tubtob han pagsalyo-a han dolyar han nababalhin nga peso. }} An '''Republika han Cuba''' (ha [[Kinatsila]]: '''República de Cuba''') usa nga nasod ha Dagat han Antillas o Dagat Caribe. Ini nga nasod naglalakip han [[Isla han Cuba]], nga amo an gidako-i ngan ikaduha nga gidamo-i hin tawo nga isla han [[Antillas Mayores]], an [[Isla de la Juventud]], ngan pipira nga mga gudti-gudti nga mga puro o isla nga hagrani. [[La Habana]] an gidakoi nga syudad ngan amo an kapital han nasod. An [[Santiago de Cuba]] ngan [[Camagüey]] mga importante liwat nga mga Cubano nga syudad. Mga kilalado liwat nga mga gurugudti nga mga bungto amo an: [[Baracoa]] (nga amo an syahan nga gin-ukyan han Espanyoles ha Cuba), [[Trinidad, Cuba|Trinidad]] (usa nga [[UNESCO nga sityo hin herensya han kalibutan]] ), ngan [[Bayamo]]. An Cuba mayda populasyon nga 11 ka ribo o milyon nga tawo ngan amo an gidamoi hin populasyon nga islahanon nga nasod ha Caribe. An katawhan hini, kultura, ngan mga kustumbre tikang hin mga dirudilain nga mga pinanguhaan sugad han: an mga tuminongnong nga mga [[Taíno]] ngan [[Ciboney]] nga mga tawo; an panahon han [[Espanyol nga Imperyo|pagkolonisar han Espanya]]; an pagdara han [[Pag-uripon ha Espanyol nga Bag-o nga Kalibutan nga mga kolonya|Africano nga mga uripon]]; ngan an kaharani hini han [[Estados Unidos]]. An ngaran nga ''Cuba'' tikang han Taíno nga yinaknan ngan bisan man kon an iksakto nga kahulogan diri klaro, puyde ini mahubad nga "an lugar nga diin an mabinungahon nga tuna damo" (''cubao'' ha orihinal nga Taíno)<ref>www.alfredcarrada.org/notes8.html</ref>, o kundi man an "dako nga lugar" (''coabana'').<ref>members.dandy.net/~orocobix/terms1.htm</ref> An nasodnon nga bukad amo an "[[Hedychium coronarium|flor de mariposa]]" (Bukad han Alibangbang) ngan an nasodnon nga tamsi amo an ''Tocororo'' o an [[Cubano nga Trogon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.dtcuba.com/CubaInfoDetails.aspx?c=9&lng=2 |access-date=2009-03-09 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226002259/http://www.dtcuba.com/CubaInfoDetails.aspx?c=9&lng=2%20 |url-status= }}</ref> ==Administratibo nga pagbahinbahin== An Cuba mayda napulo kag upat (14) nga mga lalawigan o probinsya ngan usa nga ispisyal nga munisipalidad (an [[Isla de la Juventud]]). Ini han una mga kabahin hin unom nga darudako nga mga lalawigan: Pinar del Río, La Habana, Matanzas, Las Villas, Camagüey ngan Oriente. An mga yana nga mga pagbahin-bahin baga hin sugad han mga probinsya militar han panahon han Mga Gyera hin Paglugaring ha Cuba, nga diin an mga lugar nga gidako-i hin samok ginbahin-bahin. {| align=center |colspan=4|{{Mapa han Mga Lalawigan han Cuba|Map=Cuba Provinces-map.png|width=500px}} |- |align=right|'''1''' |colspan=3|[[Isla de la Juventud]] (''Puro han Kabatan-on'' o ''Puro han Pagkabata'') |- |align=right|'''2''' |[[Pinar del Río (probinsya)|Pinar del Río]] |align=right|'''9''' |[[Ciego de Ávila (probinsya)|Ciego de Ávila]] |- |align=right|'''3''' |[[La Habana (probinsya)|La Habana]] (''An Habana'') |align=right|'''10''' |[[Camagüey (probinsya)|Camagüey]] |- |align=right|'''4''' |[[La Habana|Ciudad de la Habana]] (''Syudad han Habana'') |align=right|'''11''' |[[Las Tunas (probinsya)|Las Tunas]] |- |align=right|'''5''' |[[Matanzas (probinsya)|Matanzas]] |align=right| '''12''' |[[Granma (probinsya)|Granma]] |- |align=right|'''6''' |[[Cienfuegos (probinsya)|Cienfuegos]] |align=right|'''13''' |[[Holguín (probinsya)|Holguín]] |- |align=right|'''7''' |[[Villa Clara (probinsya)|Villa Clara]] |align=right|'''14''' |[[Santiago de Cuba (probinsya)|Santiago de Cuba]] |- |align=right|'''8''' |[[Sancti Spíritus (probinsya)|Sancti Spíritus]] |align=right|'''15''' |[[Guantánamo (probinsya)|Guantánamo]] |- |} An mga lalawigan ginbahin-bahin pa ngadto hin usa ka gatos kapitoan (170) nga mga [[Mga Munisipyo han Cuba|munisipyo]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Mga kasarigan}} ==Bibliograpiya== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} :{{Cite journal |last= Albornoz |first= Sara Carrillo de | date = 2006 |title= On a mission: how Cuba uses its doctors abroad |journal= [[BMJ]] |volume= 333 |page= 464 |jstor= 40700096 |ref= harv |doi=10.1136/bmj.333.7566.464}} :{{Cite book |last= Alvarez |first= José |date= 2001 |chapter= Rationed Products and Something Else: Food Availability and Distribution in 2000 |chapterurl= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/alvarez.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume 11 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/ |location= Silver Spring, MD |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= 305–322 |isbn= 0-9649082-0-4 |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907034414/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/ |date=2014-09-07 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/ |access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907034414/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/ |url-status= }} :{{Cite book |last= Alvarez |first= José |date= 2004 |title= Cuban Agriculture Before 1959: The Social Situation |url= http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FE/FE48000.pdf |location= Gainesville, FL |publisher= Department of Food and Resource Economics, [[University of Florida]] |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Baklanoff |first= Eric N. |date= 1998 |chapter= Cuba on the Eve of the Socialist Transition: A Reassessment of the Backwardness-Stagnation Thesis |chapterurl= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/pdfs/31baklanoff.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume 8 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |location= Silver Spring, MD |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= 260–272 |isbn= 0-9649082-7-1 |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907030637/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |date=2014-09-07 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907030637/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |url-status= }} :{{Cite book |editor1-last= Chomsky |editor1-first= Aviva |editor1-link= Aviva Chomsky |editor2-last= Carr |editor2-first= Barry |editor3-last= Smorkaloff |editor3-first= Pamela Maria | date = 2004 |title= The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics |location= Durham, NC |publisher= [[Duke University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8223-3197-1 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Corbett |first= Ben |date= 2002 |title= This Is Cuba: An Outlaw Culture Survives |url= https://archive.org/details/thisiscubaoutlaw0000corb |publisher= [[Westview Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8133-3826-2 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last1= Crespo |first1= Nicolás |last2= Negrón Díaz |first2= Santos |date= 1997 |chapter= Cuban Tourism in 2007: Economic Impact |chapterurl= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume7/pdfs/crespo.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume 7 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume7/ |location= Silver Spring, MD |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= 150–161 |isbn= 0-9649082-6-3 |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907031509/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume7/ |date=2014-09-07 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume7/ |access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907031509/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume7/ |url-status= }} :{{Cite book |last= Domínguez |first= Jorge I. |authorlink= Jorge I. Dominguez |date= 1978 |title= Cuba: Order and Revolution |url= https://archive.org/details/cubaorderrevolut0000domn |location= Cambridge, MA |publisher= [[Belknap Press]] |isbn= 978-0-674-17925-7 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Domínguez |first= Jorge I. |date= 1989 |title= To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy |url= https://archive.org/details/tomakeworldsafef0000domi |location= Cambridge, MA |publisher= [[Harvard University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-674-89325-2 |ref= CITEREFDomínguez1989 }} :{{Cite book |last= Domínguez |first= Jorge I. |date= 2003 |title= A Constitution for Cuba's Political Transition: The Utility of Retaining (and Amending) the 1992 Constitution |url= http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~jidoming/images/jid_constitution.PDF |location= Coral Gables, FL |publisher= Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, [[University of Miami]] |isbn= 978-1-932385-04-5 |accessdate= 19 Agosto 2012 |ref= CITEREFDomínguez2003 }} :{{Cite book |last= Espino |first= María Dolores |date= 2000 |chapter= Cuban Tourism During the Special Period |chapterurl= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume10/pdfs/espino.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume 10 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume10/ |location= Silver Spring, MD |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= |isbn= 0-9649082-8-X |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907033348/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume10/ |date=2014-09-07 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume10/ |access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907033348/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume10/ |url-status= }} :{{Cite journal |last= Falk |first= Pamela S. |date= 1988 |title= Washing and Havana |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_wilson-quarterly_winter-1988_12_5/page/64 |journal= [[The Wilson Quarterly]] |volume= 12 |issue= 5 |pages= 64–74 |jstor= 40257732 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite journal |last= Feinsilver |first= Julie M. |date= 1989 |title= Cuba as a 'World Medical Power': The Politics of Symbolism |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_latin-american-research-review_1989_24_2/page/n4 |journal= Latin American Research Review |volume= 24 |issue= 2 |pages= 1–34 |jstor= 2503679 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke  |date= 2009 |title= The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |url= https://archive.org/details/ethiopianrevolut0000gebr |location= New Haven, CT |publisher= [[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4 |ref= CITEREFTareke2009 }} :{{Cite journal |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero |authorlink= Piero Gleijeses |date= 1994 |title= 'Flee! The White Giants are Coming!': The United States, the Mercenaries, and the Congo, 1964–1965 |url= http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/DH%20articles/gleijeses%20flee%20the%20white%20giants.pdf |journal= [[Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations|Diplomatic History]] |volume= 18 |issue= 2 |pages= 207–237 |ref= harv |doi= 10.1111/j.1467-7709.1994.tb00611.x |access-date= 12 Enero 2015 |archive-date= 17 Enero 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013342/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/DH%20articles/gleijeses%20flee%20the%20white%20giants.pdf |url-status= dead }} :{{Cite journal |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero | date = 1996 |title= Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961–1965 |journal= [[Journal of Latin American Studies]] |volume= 28 |issue= 1 |pages= 159–195 |jstor= 157991 |ref= CITEREFGleijeses1996 |doi=10.1017/s0022216x00012670}} :{{Cite journal |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero | date = 1997 |title= The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence |journal= Journal of Latin American Studies |volume= 29 |issue= 1 |pages= 45–88 |jstor= 158071 |ref= CITEREFGleijeses1997 |doi=10.1017/s0022216x96004646}} :{{Cite book |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero | date = 2002 |title= Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976 |location= Chapel Hill, NC |publisher= [[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8078-2647-8 |ref= CITEREFGleijeses2002 }} :{{Cite book |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero | date = 2010 |chapter= Cuba and the Cold War, 1959–1980 |title= ''In [[Melvyn P. Leffler]] & [[Odd Arne Westad]], eds.,'' The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume II: Crises and Détente |location= Cambridge |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |pages= 327–348 |isbn= 978-0-521-83720-0 |ref= CITEREFGleijeses2010 }} :{{Cite book |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero | date = 2013 |title= Visions of Freedom: Havana, Washington, Pretoria, and the Struggle for Southern Africa, 1976–1991 |location= Chapel Hill, NC |publisher= [[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn= 978-1-4696-0968-3 |ref= CITEREFGleijeses2013 }} :{{Cite book |last= Gott |first= Richard |authorlink= Richard Gott |date= 2004 |title= Cuba: A New History |url= https://archive.org/details/cubanewhistory0000gott |location= New Haven, CT |publisher= [[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-10411-0 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Horowitz |first= Irving Louis |authorlink= Irving Louis Horowitz | date = 1988 |title= Cuban Communism |url= https://archive.org/details/cubancommunism0000unse_b5h3 |location= New Brunswick, NJ |publisher= Transaction Books |isbn= 0-88738-672-5 |ref= harv }}  :{{Cite journal |last= Luxenberg |first= Alan H. | date = 1988 |title= Did Eisenhower Push Castro into the Arms of the Soviets? |journal= [[University of Miami|Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs]] |volume= 30 |issue= 1 |pages= 37–71 |jstor= 165789 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Kolko |first= Gabriel |authorlink= Gabriel Kolko | date = 1994 |title= Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914 |location= New York, NY |publisher= [[The New Press]] |isbn= 978-1-56584-191-8 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= McAlister |first= Lyle N. |date= 1984 |title= Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 |url= https://archive.org/details/spainportugalinn0000mcal |location= Minneapolis, MN |publisher= [[University of Minnesota Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8166-1216-1 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Pedraza |first= Silvia |date= 2007 |title= Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus |url= https://archive.org/details/politicaldisaffe0000pedr |location= New York, NY |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-86787-0 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Pérez-López |first= Jorge F. |date= 1996 |chapter= Cuban Military Expenditures: Concepts, Data and Burden Measures |chapterurl= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume6/pdfs/23perlopez.fm.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume 6 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume6/ |location= Washington, DC |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= 124–144 |isbn= 0-9649082-5-5 |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907032902/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume6/ |date=2014-09-07 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume6/ |access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907032902/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume6/ |url-status= }} :{{Cite book |last= Ramazani |first= Rouhollah K. | date = 1975 |title= The Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz |url= https://archive.org/details/persiangulfstrai0000rama |location= Alphen aan den Rijn |publisher= Sijthoff & Noordhoff |isbn= 90-286-0069-8 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite journal |last1= Roberg |first1= Jeffrey L. |last2= Kuttruff |first2= Alyson |date= 2007 |title= Cuba: Ideological Success or Ideological Failure? |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_human-rights-quarterly_2007-08_29_3/page/779 |journal= [[Human Rights Quarterly]] |volume= 29 |issue= 3 |pages= 779–795 |jstor= 20072822 |ref= harv |doi= 10.1353/hrq.2007.0033 }} :{{Cite book |last= Roy |first= Joaquín |date= 2000 |title= Cuba, the United States, and the Helms-Burton Doctrine: International Reactions |url= https://archive.org/details/cubaunitedstates0000royj |location= Gainesville, FL |publisher= [[University of Florida Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8130-1760-0 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Scheina |first= Robert L. | date = 2003 |title= Latin America's Wars, Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899 |location= Dulles, VA |publisher= Brassey's |isbn= 978-1-57488-449-4 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Scott |first= Rebecca J. |authorlink= Rebecca J. Scott |date= 2000 |origyear= 1985 |title= Slave Emancipation in Cuba: The Transition to Free Labor, 1860–1899 |url= https://archive.org/details/slaveemancipatio0000scot_y7e3 |location= Pittsburgh, PA |publisher= [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8229-5735-5 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite journal |last= Smith |first= Wayne S. |authorlink= Wayne Smith (diplomat) | date = 1996 |title= Cuba's Long Reform |journal= [[Foreign Affairs]] |volume= 75 |issue= 2 |pages= 99–112 |jstor= 20047491 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last1= Smith |first1= Kirby |last2= Llorens |first2= Hugo |date= 1998 |chapter= Renaisssance and Decay: A Comparison of Socioeconomic Indicators in Pre-Castro and Current-Day Cuba |chapterurl= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/pdfs/30smith.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume 8 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |location= Silver Spring, MD |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= 247–259 |isbn= 0-9649082-7-1 |accessdate= 25 Marso 2013 |ref= harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907030637/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |date=2014-09-07 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907030637/http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume8/ |url-status= }} :{{Cite book |last= Sweig |first= Julia E. |authorlink= Julia E. Sweig | date = 2004 |origyear= 2002 |title= Inside the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and the Urban Underground |edition= New |location= Cambridge, MA |publisher= [[Harvard University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-674-01612-5 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Thomas |first= Hugh |authorlink= Hugh Thomas (writer) |date= 1997 |title= The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870 |url= https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom |location= New York, NY |publisher= [[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn= 978-0-684-81063-8 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Thomas |first= Hugh | date = 1998 |origyear= 1971 |title= Cuba; or, The Pursuit of Freedom |url= https://archive.org/details/cubaorpursuitoff0000thom |edition= updated |location= Cambridge, MA |publisher= [[Da Capo Press]] |isbn= 978-0-306-80827-2 |ref= CITEREFThomas1998 }} :{{Cite book |last= Westad |first= Odd Arne |authorlink= Odd Arne Westad | date = 2012 |title= Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 |location= London |publisher= [[The Bodley Head]] |isbn= 978-1-84792-197-0 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last1= Whiteford |first1= Linda M. |last2= Branch |first2=Laurence G. | date = 2008 |title=Primary Health Care in Cuba: The Other Revolution |location= Lanham, MD |publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn= 978-0-7425-5994-3 |ref= harv }} :{{Cite book |last= Wright |first= Irene Aloha |date= 1916 |title= The Early History of Cuba, 1492–1586 |url= http://openlibrary.org/works/OL143127W/The_early_history_of_Cuba_1492-1586 |location= New York, NY |publisher= [[Macmillan Publishers|The Macmillan Company]] |ref= harv }} {{Refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|Cuba}} * [http://www.cubagob.cu/ingles/default.htm Government of Cuba] * {{Wikiatlas|Cuba}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Cuba}} * {{CIA World Factbook link|cu|Cuba}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cuba.htm Cuba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830044824/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cuba.htm |date= 30 Agosto 2008 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Caribbean/Cuba}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1203299.stm Cuba profile] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/cuba.jpg Map of Cuba (Political) 1994 C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090508101554/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/23083/welcome-to-cuba Welcome To Cuba] – slideshow by ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine * [http://www.fotopedia.com/en/Cuba fotopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809000828/http://www.fotopedia.com/en/Cuba |date= 9 Agosto 2010 }}, Selected photos of Cuba *{{Cite web |title=Latin American Studies: United States-Cuba Relations |url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/us-cuba.htm |ref=harv}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CU Key Development Forecasts for Cuba] from [[International Futures]] * Salim Lamrani, an interview with [[Ricardo Alarcón]], President of the Cuban Parliament, "[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salim-lamrani/cuba-meets-the-challenges_b_1356275.html Cuba Meets the Challenges of the 21st Century, Part I]" ([http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salim-lamrani/cuba-meets-the-challenges_1_b_1380163.html II], [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salim-lamrani/-ricardo-alarcon_b_1389348.html III], [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salim-lamrani/cuba-meets-the-challenges_2_b_1397980.html IV], [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salim-lamrani/cuba-meets-the-challenges_3_b_1428680.html V]) ''Huffington Post'', Spring, 2012 [[Kaarangay:Cuba| ]] [[Kaarangay:Mga nasod ngan teritoryo ha Caribe]] [[Kaarangay:Nasod]] lk4sgeb6h11gd8z0pab68zt7k0gltqm Albocàsser 0 21291 7782773 6209764 2026-04-26T22:08:12Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Panorámica rural del término municipal de Albocàsser.JPG|thumb|Albocàsser]] [[Paypay:Ermitorio de Sant Pau, Albocásser, Castelló.JPG|thumb|Ermitorio de Sant Pau, Albocásser]] [[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de Albocàsser.jpg|thumb|Albocàsser]] An '''Albocàsser''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Bungto ha Castellón}} [[category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] {{Stub}} 716wajbtw5i8w4h5pkmob1filco4l54 Algimia de Almonacid 0 21296 7782774 7713166 2026-04-26T22:08:59Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de Algimia de Almonacid (Castellón).jpg|thumb|Algimia de Almonacid]] [[Paypay:Iglesia Parroquial de San Juan Bautista de Algimia de Almonacid (Castellón, España).jpg|thumb|Algimia de Almonacid]] An '''Algimia de Almonacid''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Bungto ha Castellón}} [[category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] {{Stub}} gfa6mpkcr1swuk88knzwqcgghtx3ckz Almenara, Castellón 0 21301 7782775 4727452 2026-04-26T22:10:10Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Municipio de Almenara, panel informativo sobre el patrimonio local. Playa Casablanca.jpg|thumb|Almenara]] An '''Almenara''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Almenara (Castellón)}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] 0qela61m2tw49fakkzbmq8etiuanf92 7782776 7782775 2026-04-26T22:10:46Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Municipio de Almenara, panel informativo sobre el patrimonio local. Playa Casablanca.jpg|thumb|Almenara]] [[Paypay:Municipio de Almenara, rotulo publicitario en letras corpóreas.jpg|thumb|Almenara]] An '''Almenara''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Almenara (Castellón)}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] d7l319u5tmiy83hev03swes80itt0bm Altura, Castellón 0 21304 7782777 4606680 2026-04-26T22:11:55Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Santuari de la Cova Santa (Altura).jpg|thumb|Cueva Santa (Altura).]] An '''Altura''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Bungto ha Castellón}} [[category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] {{Stub}} jd3xj255x4gu8mhd4152jy5a2ijgpr8 Atzeneta del Maestrat 0 21310 7782778 6222387 2026-04-26T22:13:15Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782778 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Ermita de Loreto, Atzeneta del Maestrat.jpg|thumb|Ermita de Loreto, Atzeneta del Maestrat]] [[Paypay:Ermita de Sant Roc (Atzeneta del Maestrat).jpg|thumb|Atzeneta del Maestrat]] [[Paypay:Muralles d'Atzeneta del Maestrat.jpg|thumb|Atzeneta del Maestrat]] An '''Atzeneta del Maestrat''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Atzeneta del Maestrat}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] pv1dw7x35ccs6pmohu70iv6nsw753jf Bejís 0 21314 7782779 4736400 2026-04-26T22:14:54Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782779 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Río Palancia a su paso por la localidad de Ríos de Abajo, Bejís, Castellón.jpg|thumb|Bejís]] An '''Bejís''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Bejís}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] 2347tygds4nrbzioxlooon2et1yuefb 7782780 7782779 2026-04-26T22:15:39Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782780 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Río Palancia a su paso por la localidad de Ríos de Abajo, Bejís, Castellón.jpg|thumb|Bejís]] [[Paypay:Réplica de un Rauisuquio del Triásico en Bejís (España).jpg|thumb|Bejís]] An '''Bejís''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Bejís}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] cilnkqq3lx9b6yq56ndjylghwpw0u6v 7782781 7782780 2026-04-26T22:16:04Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782781 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Río Palancia a su paso por la localidad de Ríos de Abajo, Bejís, Castellón.jpg|thumb|Ríos de Abajo, Bejís]] [[Paypay:Réplica de un Rauisuquio del Triásico en Bejís (España).jpg|thumb|Bejís]] An '''Bejís''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Bejís}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] jqpd85xbstbg0jw6vmif2l3434d7nb0 Rossell 0 21391 7782770 7773664 2026-04-26T22:05:55Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Municipio de Rossell (Castellón, España).jpg|thumb|Rossell]] [[Paypay:Municipio de Rossell en fiestas (Castellón, España).jpg|thumb|Rossell]] An '''Rossell''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] e8kbx0apucubi9685baeqru55uhml6y Sant Mateu 0 21398 7782771 6237078 2026-04-26T22:06:36Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Muralles defensives de Sant Mateu.JPG|thumb|Sant Mateu]] [[Paypay:Fuente del Ángel, Plaza Mayor de Sant Mateu (Castellón).jpg|thumb|Sant Mateu]] An '''Sant Mateu''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Sant Mateu}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] cprgy55evpj01sgxp6whhz1juz0sb43 7782772 7782771 2026-04-26T22:07:08Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Muralles defensives de Sant Mateu.JPG|thumb|Sant Mateu]] [[Paypay:Fuente del Ángel, Plaza Mayor de Sant Mateu (Castellón).jpg|thumb|Sant Mateu]] [[Paypay:Fuente de la Virgen (Sant Mateu, Castellón, España).jpg|thumb|Sant Mateu]] An '''Sant Mateu''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Commonscat|Sant Mateu}} {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] n6gx931xq1o8end6njm8fyfjcwmquz2 Torre Endoménech 0 21415 7782769 6208660 2026-04-26T22:04:52Z Juan Emilio Prades Bel 28440 7782769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Ayuntamiento de la Torre d'en Doménec (Castellón).JPG|thumb|Ayuntamiento de la Torre d'en Doménec (Castellón)]] [[Paypay:La Torre d'en Doménec, inscripción sobre una muela de piedra de molino de aceite.jpg|thumb|Torre Endoménech]] An '''Torre Endoménech''' amo an usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Castellón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Espanya]]. {{Bungto ha Castellón}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Mga bungto ha Castellón]] loysi8snwkdmp2w143771eisr02yrj9 Traben-Trarbach 0 80670 7782782 7782755 2026-04-26T22:38:52Z -wuppertaler 63767 photo added 7782782 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GER Traben-Trarbach, Moselsteig 021.jpg|thumb]] An '''Traben-Trarbach''' amo in usa ka munisipalidad ha distrito han [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]], ha [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Alemanya]]. {{Commonscat}} {{turók}} {{Mga syudad ngan mga bungto ha Bernkastel-Wittlich (distrito)}} [[Category:Mga munisipalidad ha Rhineland-Palatinate]] [[Category:Distrito han Bernkastel-Wittlich]] qaxee86qc9q5b7pgkm75dcrwpyjexcz 7782783 7782782 2026-04-26T22:42:10Z -wuppertaler 63767 better photo of the village 7782783 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aerial image of the Moselle in Traben-Trarbach (view from the south).jpg|thumb]] An '''Traben-Trarbach''' amo in usa ka munisipalidad ha distrito han [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]], ha [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Alemanya]]. {{Commonscat}} {{turók}} {{Mga syudad ngan mga bungto ha Bernkastel-Wittlich (distrito)}} [[Category:Mga munisipalidad ha Rhineland-Palatinate]] [[Category:Distrito han Bernkastel-Wittlich]] 9yrtgowhb1snlqxqig0nezt1zvzh61b Alphitonia ponderosa 0 2082555 7782785 7654701 2026-04-27T02:03:40Z Ziv 62318 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Alphitoniaponderosa2web.jpg]] → [[File:Starr 030222-0095 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Starr 030222-0095 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg]] 7782785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-06}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Alphitonia ponderosa'' | status = VU | image = Alphitoniaponderosa1web.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Rosales]] | familia = [[Rhamnaceae]] | genus = [[Alphitonia]] | species = '''Alphitonia ponderosa''' | binomial = Alphitonia ponderosa | binomial_authority = Hbd. | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Alphitonia ponderosa lanaiensis'' St. John ''Alphitonia ponderosa kauila'' St. John ''Alphitonia ponderosa grandifolia'' St. John ''Alphitonia ponderosa costata'' St. John ''Alphitonia ponderosa auwahiensis'' St. John | status_ref = <ref name = "iucn"/> | status_system = iucn3.1 }}  An '''''Alphitonia ponderosa'''''<ref name = "C132"/> in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga ginhulagway ni Hbd.. An ''Alphitonia ponderosa'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Alphitonia]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Rhamnaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Ginklasipika han [[IUCN]] an species komo [[nadudultan]].<ref name = "iucn"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16795401| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "C132">Hbd., 1888 ''In: Fl. Haw. Isl. 81''</ref> <ref name = "source">{{Cite web |title=World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World |url=http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |access-date=2014-06-06 |archive-date=2019-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318221109/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |url-status= }}</ref> <ref name = "iucn">{{IUCN2012.2|assessors= | date = 2003|id= 44076|title= Alphitonia ponderosa|downloaded= 24 Oktubre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Alphitonia ponderosa}} {{Wikispecies|Alphitonia ponderosa|''Alphitonia ponderosa''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Alphitonia ponderosa (6691195369).jpg File:Starr 030222-0095 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg File:Starr 020622-0014 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg File:Starr 030222-0077 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg File:Starr 030222-0082 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg File:Starr 030222-0095 Alphitonia ponderosa.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Alphitonia]] 13h0k6nirvssrz44qe4xndfx6w9mi29 Portulaca oleracea 0 2130022 7782786 7684292 2026-04-27T09:07:00Z Túrelio 5084 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Portulaca oleracea 3.jpg]] → [[File:Starr 050405-5690 Portulaca oleracea.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Starr 050405-5690 Portulaca oleracea.jpg]] 7782786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-06}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Portulaca oleracea'' | status = | image = Starr 050405-5690 Portulaca oleracea.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Caryophyllales]] | familia = [[Portulacaceae]] | genus = [[Portulaca]] | species = '''Portulaca oleracea''' | binomial = Portulaca oleracea | binomial_authority = [[Carl von Linné|L.]] | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Portulaca oleracea stellata'' [[Avinoam Danin|Danin]] & [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca oleracea papillatostellulata'' [[Avinoam Danin|Danin]] & [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca oleracea nitida'' [[Avinoam Danin|Danin]] & [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca oleracea nicaraguensis'' [[Avinoam Danin|Danin]] & [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca oleracea impolita'' [[Avinoam Danin|Danin]] & [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca oleracea granulatostellulata'' ([[Karl von Poellnitz|Poelln.]]) [[Avinoam Danin|Danin]] & [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca retusa'' [[Georg Engelmann|Engelm.]]<ref name = "col103289"/> ''Portulaca neglecta'' Mackenzie & [[Benjamin Franklin Bush|Bush]]<ref name = "col103289"/> }} An '''''Portulaca oleracea'''''<ref name = "C132"/> in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga ginhulagway ni [[Carl von Linné]]. An ''Portulaca oleracea'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Portulaca]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Portulacaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: ''P. o. oleracea''.<ref name="COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16894057| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "C132">L., 1753 ''In: Sp. Pl.: 445 (1753) s. lat.''</ref> <ref name = "source">{{Cite web |title=World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World |url=http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |access-date=2014-06-11 |archive-date=2019-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318221109/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |url-status= }}</ref> <ref name = "col103289">(2000) , database, The PLANTS Database</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Portulaca oleracea}} {{Wikispecies|Portulaca oleracea|''Portulaca oleracea''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> Portulaca oleracea Capsule MHNT.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Portulaca]] sr8ekzt190sozcttlh8phgaz5ulus9s Stictocardia beraviensis 0 2836792 7782767 7520076 2026-04-26T12:40:06Z Deltaspace42 66905 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Starr 071024-0389 Stictocardia tiliifolia.jpg]] → [[File:Starr 071024-0389 Stictocardia beraviensis.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · correct species 7782767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-10}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Stictocardia beraviensis'' | status = | image = Starr 071024-0389 Stictocardia beraviensis.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Solanales]] | familia = [[Convolvulaceae]] | genus = [[Stictocardia]] | species = '''Stictocardia beraviensis''' | binomial = Stictocardia beraviensis | binomial_authority = ([[Wilhelm Vatke|Vatke]]) Hallier f. | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Ipomoea hierniana'' [[Alfred Barton Rendle|Rendle]] ''Ipomoea beraviensis'' [[Wilhelm Vatke|Vatke]] ''Argyreia bagshawei'' [[Alfred Barton Rendle|Rendle]] }} An '''''Stictocardia beraviensis'''''<ref name = "C132"/> in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Wilhelm Vatke]], ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Hallier f.. An ''Stictocardia beraviensis'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Stictocardia]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Convolvulaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16689362|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "C132">Hallier f., 1894 ''In: Bot. Jahrb. 18: 159''</ref> <ref name = "source">{{Cite web |title=World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World |url=http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |access-date=2014-10-22 |archive-date=2019-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318221109/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |url-status= }}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Stictocardia beraviensis|''Stictocardia beraviensis''}} {{Wikispecies|Stictocardia beraviensis|''Stictocardia beraviensis''}} [[Kaarangay:Stictocardia]] j0w52uiy6rdmvpvmzcvrcgwpi23rlom Antonio Luna 0 2883416 7782768 6239734 2026-04-26T20:19:59Z Dostojewskij 20387 + Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1866 + Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1899 7782768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antonio_luna_small.jpg|thumb]] Hi '''General Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta''' (29 Oktubre 1866 – 5 Hunyo 1899), usa nga Pilipino nga heneral nga nakipag-away ha panahon han [[Gera han Pilipino-Amerikano]]. {{turok}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Luna, Antonio}} [[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1866]] [[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1899]] pe7s1javybrviz4uxcopk6qmhvn14e1