Wikipedia warwiki https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Pakli MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Medya Pinaurog Hiruhimangraw Gumaramit Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit Wikipedia Hiruhimangraw hiton Wikipedia Paypay Hiruhimangraw hiton paypay MedyaWiki Hiruhimangraw hiton MedyaWiki Batakan Hiruhimangraw hiton batakan Bulig Hiruhimangaw hiton bulig Kaarangay Hiruhimangraw hiton kaarangay TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13135 7783142 6171548 2026-05-11T16:06:26Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Public_Seal_of_Niue.svg with [[File:Public_Seal_of_Niue_(1974–2021).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: File:Public_Seal_of_Niue.svg merged with File:Public Seal of Niue (1974–2021).svg). 7783142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Public Seal of Niue (1974–2021).svg|right|thumb|Tatak Buhatan han Niue]] [[File:Flag of Niue.svg|right|thumb|Bandera han Niue]] [[File:LocationNiue.png|right|thumb|Mapa kun hain nahamutang an nasod han Niue]] An '''Niue''' amo an usa ka nasod isla ha Salatan [[Kalawdan Pacifico]]. An kapital hini amo an syudad han [[Alofi]]. {{turók}} {{Commonscat|Niue}} [[Kaarangay:Niue]] [[Kaarangay:Nasod]] r6mrynbvwzx1zceqndd64j3pbvo5loh 0 13197 7783146 7646213 2026-05-12T01:19:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ighubad Iningles}} {{Ighubad Kinatsila}} An '''Castilla-La Mancha''' usa nga [[Komunidad Autonoma han Espanya|komunidad autonoma]] han [[Espanya]]. Nahimo ini tikang han mga lalawigan o probinsya han [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]], [[Provincia de Cuenca|Cuenca]], [[Provincia de Guadalajara|Guadalajara]] ngan [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Ginsasapitan ini han [[Castilla y León]], [[Comunidad de Madrid]], [[Aragón]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], [[Región de Murcia]], [[Andalucía]] ngan [[Extremadura]]. Amo ini an heredera o nagsunod han rehiyon ha kaagi han [[Castilla la Nueva (Espanya)|Castilla la Nueva]], gawas la han [[Comunidad de Madrid|probinsya han Madrid]], nga nagpili nga maghimo hin kalugaringon nga komunidad autonoma nga uusa la hin probinsya nga bulag tikang han Castilla-La Mancha nga waray referendum sugad han kaso ha iba nga mga komunidad. Ha pagsunod han teritoryal nga pagbahinbahin han [[Espanya]] katapos han pagpromulgar han [[1978 nga Konstitusyon han Espanya|Konstitusyon han 1978]], naglakip ini han bug-os han [[La Mancha]], ha paglakip han lalawigan han Albacete (nga kabahin han una han Murcia).<ref name="elecciones.net">{{Cite web | title = e-elecciones.net - En 1981 se resuelve que Madrid no forme parte de Castilla-La Mancha y en 1983 se aprueba su Estatuto de Autonomía | url = http://www.e-lecciones.net/atlas/espana/comadrid.php | accessdate = 12 Mayo 2008 | archive-date = 2009-01-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090116051413/http://www.e-lecciones.net/atlas/espana/comadrid.php | url-status = }}</ref> ==Mga reperensya== {{Mga kasarigan}} {{Turók}} {{Autonomo nga mga komunidad han Espanya}} {{Commons category|Castile-La Mancha}} [[Kaarangay:Mga Komunidad Autonoma han Espanya]] 13dm54oj0mw0mc4czphji3wzv8qse0p 0 14621 7783148 7782343 2026-05-12T08:14:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |name = Charles Darwin |birth_name=Charles Robert Darwin |image = Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg |alt=Three quarter length studio photo showing Darwin's characteristic large forehead and bushy eyebrows with deep set eyes, pug nose and mouth set in a determined look. He is bald on top, with dark hair and long side whiskers but no beard or moustache. His jacket is dark, with very wide lapels, and his trousers are a light check pattern. His shirt has an upright wing collar, and his cravat is tucked into his waistcoat which is a light fine checked pattern. |caption = Darwin, edad 45 han tuig 1854, ha panahon han ginbubuhat niya pakadto han publikasyon han ''[[On the Origin of Species|{{nowrap|On the Origin of Species}}]]'' |birth_date = {{birth date|1809|2|12|df=y}} |birth_place = [[The Mount, Shrewsbury]], [[Shropshire]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1882|4|19|1809|2|12|df=yes}} |death_place = [[Down House]], [[Downe]], [[Kent]], United Kingdom |residence = England |citizenship = [[British Citizenship|British]] |nationality = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] |ethnicity = English |fields = [[natural history|Naturalist]] |workplaces = [[Geological Society of London]] |alma_mater = (tertiary education):<br> [[University of Edinburgh]] (medicine) <br />[[University of Cambridge]] (ordinary Bachelor of Arts) |doctoral_advisor = <!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time--> |academic_advisors = [[John Stevens Henslow]]<br />[[Adam Sedgwick]] |doctoral_students = <!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time--> |notable_students = |known_for = ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]''<br>''[[On the Origin of Species]]''<br>[[evolution]] by <br>[[natural selection]],<br>[[common descent]] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = [[Alexander von Humboldt]]<br>[[John Herschel]]<br>[[Charles Lyell]] |influenced = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]]<br>[[Thomas Henry Huxley]]<br>[[George Romanes]]<br>[[Ernst Haeckel]]<br>[[John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury|Sir John Lubbock]] |awards = [[Royal Medal]] (1853)<br>[[Wollaston Medal]] (1859)<br>[[Copley Medal]] (1864) |signature = Charles Darwin Signature.svg |signature_alt = "Charles Darwin", with the surname underlined by a downward curve that mimics the curve of the initial "C" |footnotes = |spouse = [[Emma Darwin]] (1839-1896) }} Hi '''Charles Robert Darwin''' (12 Pebrero 1809 – 19 Abril 1882) amo an usa ka Ingles nga naturalista syentipiko nga nagpahimatuod ngan naglatag hin mga kasarigan nga ngatanan nga kinabuhi nagtikang ha kapareho nga tinikangan (ebolusyon), pamaagi han tinatawag niya nga pagpili natural. ==Mga reperensya== {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{Cite news | last = Anonymous | date = 1882 | title =Obituary: Death Of Chas. Darwin | periodical =[[The New York Times]] | issue =21 Abril 1882 | url =http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0212.html | accessdate =30 Oktubre 2008 | ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Balfour | first =J. H. | authorlink = John Hutton Balfour | date = 11 Mayo 1882 | title = [[s:Transactions & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh/Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin|Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin]] | journal=[[Transactions & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh]] | issue = 14 | pages = 284–298|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Bannister | first =Robert C. | date = 1989 | title = Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought. | location = Philadelphia | publisher=Temple University Press | isbn =0-87722-566-4|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Bowler | first = Peter J. | date = 2003 | title = Evolution: The History of an Idea | url = https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8 | edition = 3rd | publisher=University of California Press | isbn = 0-520-23693-9|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Browne | first = E. Janet | authorlink = Janet Browne | date = 1995 | title = Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging | url = https://archive.org/details/charlesdarwin0000jane | publication-place = London | publisher=Jonathan Cape | isbn = 1-84413-314-1|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Browne | first = E. Janet | date = 2002 | title = Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place | publication-place = London | publisher=Jonathan Cape | isbn = 0-7126-6837-3|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1835 | title = Extracts from letters to Professor Henslow | publication-place = Cambridge | publisher=[privately printed] | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =1 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1837 | title =Notebook B: (Transmutation of species) | publisher=Darwin Online | id =CUL-DAR121 | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&pageseq=1 | accessdate =20 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last= Darwin | first= Charles | date = 1839 | title=Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832–1836. | location= London | publisher=Henry Colburn | volume=III | url= http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv }} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | author-link = | date = 1842 | publication-date = 1909 | contribution =Pencil Sketch of 1842 | contribution-url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1556&pageseq=33 | editor-last = Darwin | editor-first = Francis | editor-link = Francis Darwin | title =The foundations of The origin of species: Two essays written in 1842 and 1844. | publisher=Cambridge University Press | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1556&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | isbn = 0-548-79998-9 | ref = harv}} * {{Cite book | last= Darwin | first= Charles | author-link= | date = 1845 | title= Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d edition | location= London | publisher=John Murray | url= http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F20&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal | last = Darwin | first = Charles | last2 = Wallace | first2 = Alfred Russel | author2-link = Alfred Russel Wallace | date = 1858 | title =[[On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection]] | edition = | series = Zoology 3 | publication-place = | journal=Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London | pages = 46–50 | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x|ref=harv | volume = 3 | issue = 9}} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1859 | title =On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life | edition =1st | publication-place = London | publisher=John Murray | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv | isbn = 1-4353-9386-4 }} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | author-link = | date = 1868 | title = The variation of animals and plants under domestication | publication-place = London | publisher=John Murray | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F880.1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =1 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv | isbn = 1-4191-8660-4}} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1871 | title =The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex | edition =1st | publication-place = London | publisher=John Murray | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html | accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv | isbn = 0-8014-2085-7 }} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1872 | title = The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life | edition = 6th | location = London | publisher=John Murray | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F391&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =1 Nobyembre 2009 |ref=harv | isbn = 1-4353-9386-4}} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1887 | editor-last = Darwin | editor-first = Francis | editor-link =Francis Darwin | title = The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter | location = London | publisher=John Murray | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html | accessdate =4 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv | isbn = 0-404-08417-6}} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 1958 | editor-last = Barlow | editor-first = Nora | editor-link =Nora Barlow | title =The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=F1497&viewtype=text | location = London | publisher=Collins | accessdate =28 Septyembre 2013|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Darwin | first = Charles | date = 2006 | contribution =Journal | contribution-url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR158.1-76&pageseq=1 | editor-last =van Wyhe | editor-first = John | title =Darwin's personal 'Journal' (1809–1881) | publisher=Darwin Online | id =CUL-DAR158.1–76 | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_JournalDAR158.html | accessdate =20 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Desmond | first = Adrian | authorlink = Adrian Desmond | last2 = Moore | first2 = James | author2-link = James Moore (biographer) | date = 1991 | title = Darwin | url = https://archive.org/details/darwin0000desm | location = London | publisher=Michael Joseph, Penguin Group | isbn = 0-7181-3430-3|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Desmond | first = Adrian | author-link = | last2 = Moore | first2 = James | author2-link = James Moore (biographer) | last3=Browne | first3=Janet | date = 2004 | title = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] | publication-place = Oxford, England | publisher=Oxford University Press | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/7176|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Dobzhansky | first = Theodosius | author-link = Theodosius Dobzhansky | date= Marso 1973 | title = Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution | journal = The American Biology Teacher | volume = 35 | pages = 125–129 | ref = harv | doi = 10.2307/4444260 | issue = 3 }} * {{Cite journal | last = Eldredge | first = Niles | author-link = Niles Eldredge | date = 2006 | title = Confessions of a Darwinist | periodical = The Virginia Quarterly Review | issue = Spring 2006 | pages = 32–53 | url = http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/ | accessdate = 4 Nobyembre 2008 | ref = harv | archive-date = 2013-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110620/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/ | url-status = }} * {{Cite book | last = FitzRoy | first = Robert | author-link = Robert Fitzroy | date = 1839 | title = Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume II | publication-place = London | publisher=Henry Colburn | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =4 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Freeman | first = R. B. | author-link = R. B. Freeman | date = 1977 | title = The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist | publication-place = Folkestone | publisher=Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =4 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv | isbn = 0-208-01658-9}} *{{Cite book | last = Freeman | first = R. B. | title = Charles Darwin: A companion | publisher = [[The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online]] | date = 2007 | edition =2nd online | url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A27b&viewtype=text&pageseq=114 | pp = 107, 109 | accessdate=25 Disyembre 2014|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal | last =Herbert | first = Sandra | date = 1980 | title =The red notebook of Charles Darwin | journal=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) | series =Historical Series | issue = 7 (24 April) | pages =1–164 | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1583e&pageseq=1 | accessdate =11 Enero 2009|ref=harv }} * {{Cite journal | last =Herbert | first = Sandra | date = 1991 | title =Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author | journal=British Journal for the History of Science | issue = 24 | pages =159–192 | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A342&pageseq=1 | accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv | doi =10.1017/S0007087400027060 | volume =24 }} * {{Cite book | last= Keynes | first= Richard | author-link = Richard Keynes | date = 2000 | title = Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. | publisher=Cambridge University Press | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1840&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv | isbn= 0-521-46569-9}} * {{Cite book | last= Keynes | first= Richard | date = 2001 | title=Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary | publisher=Cambridge University Press | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1925&viewtype=text&pageseq=1 | accessdate =24 Oktubre 2008|ref=harv | isbn= 0-521-23503-0}} * {{Cite web |last = Kotzin |first = Daniel | date = 2004 |title = Point-Counterpoint: Social Darwinism |publisher = Columbia American History Online |url = http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html |accessdate = 22 Nobyembre 2008 |ref = harv |archive-date = 19 Hulyo 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719072856/http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html |url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book|last=Larson|first=Edward J.|authorlink=Edward Larson|title=Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionremarka00lars|publisher=Modern Library| date = 2004|isbn=0-679-64288-9|ref=harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Leff | first = David | date = 2000 | title = AboutDarwin.com | url = http://www.aboutdarwin.com/index.html | edition = 2000–2008 | accessdate = 30 Disyembre 2008 | ref = harv | archive-date = 28 Agosto 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130828111301/http://www.aboutdarwin.com/index.html | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite journal | last = Leifchild | date=19 Nobyembre 1859 | title =Review of 'Origin' | periodical =[[Athenaeum (magazine)|Athenaeum]] | issue = 1673 | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=image&itemID=CUL-DAR226.1.8&pageseq=1 | accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = Miles | first = Sara Joan | date = 2001 | title =Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design | journal=Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith | volume = 53 | pages =196–201 | url =http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html | accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite news |last = Moore |first = James |author-link = James Moore (biographer) | date = 2005 |title = Darwin – A 'Devil's Chaplain'? |publisher = American Public Media |url = http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/moore-devilschaplain.pdf |format = PDF |accessdate = 22 Nobyembre 2008 |ref = harv |archive-date = 27 Pebrero 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227014518/http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/moore-devilschaplain.pdf |url-status = dead }} * {{Cite news |last = Moore |first = James | date = 2006 |title = Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin |series = Speaking of Faith (Radio Program) |publisher = American Public Media |url = http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml |accessdate = 22 Nobyembre 2008 |ref = harv |archive-date = 22 Disyembre 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081222020720/http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml |url-status = dead }} * {{Cite book | last = Owen | first = Richard | author-link = Richard Owen | date = 1840 | editor-last = Darwin | editor-first = C. R. | title = Fossil Mammalia Part 1 | series =The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle | location = London | publisher=Smith Elder and Co|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Paul | first =Diane B. | date = 2003 | contribution =Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics | editor-last = Hodge | editor-first = Jonathan | editor2-last = Radick | editor2-first = Gregory | title =The Cambridge Companion to Darwin | url = https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00hodg | publisher=Cambridge University Press | pages =[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00hodg/page/n229 214]–239 | isbn = 0-521-77730-5|ref=harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Smith | first = Charles H. | title = Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay | date = 1999 | url = http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm | accessdate = 7 Disyembre 2008 | ref = harv | archive-date = 2008-12-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081205020823/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm | url-status = }} * {{Cite journal | last = Sulloway | first =Frank J. | author-link =Frank Sulloway | date = 1982 | title =Darwin and His Finches: The Evolution of a Legend | journal=Journal of the History of Biology | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages =1–53 |format=PDF | url =http://www.sulloway.org/Finches.pdf | accessdate =9 Disyembre 2008 | doi = 10.1007/BF00132004|ref=harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Sweet | first = William | title = Herbert Spencer | publisher=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy | date = 2004 | url = http://www.iep.utm.edu/spencer/ | accessdate =16 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Wilkins | first = John S. | date = 1997 | title =Evolution and Philosophy: Does evolution make might right? | publisher=[[TalkOrigins Archive]] | url = http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolphil/social.html | accessdate =22 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last = Wilkins | first = John S. | date = 2008 | contribution =Darwin | editor-last = Tucker | editor-first = Aviezer | title =A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography | series =Blackwell Companions to Philosophy | pages =405–415 | publication-place =Chichester | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | isbn =1-4051-4908-6|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal | last = van Wyhe | first = John | title = Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years? | journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society | volume = 61 | issue =2| pages = 177–205 | date = 27 Marso 2007 | doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171 | url= http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A544&pageseq=1 | accessdate =7 Pebrero 2008|ref=harv }} * {{Cite web | last =van Wyhe | first = John | date = 2008 | title =Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch | publisher=Darwin Online | url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/darwin.html | accessdate =17 Nobyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last =van Wyhe | first =John | publication-date =1 Septyembre 2008 | date = 2008b | title =Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution | publication-place =London | publisher=Andre Deutsch Ltd | isbn =0-233-00251-0|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book | last =von Sydow | first = Momme | date = 2005 | contribution =Darwin – A Christian Undermining Christianity? On Self-Undermining Dynamics of Ideas Between Belief and Science | contribution-url =http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090326070105/http://www.psych.uni-goettingen.de/abt/1/sydow/von_Sydow_(2005)_Darwin_A_Christian_Undermining_Christianity.pdf | editor-last = Knight | editor-first =David M. | editor2-last = Eddy | editor2-first =Matthew D. | title =Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700–1900 | location = Burlington | publisher=Ashgate | pages =141–156 | isbn =0-7546-3996-7 | accessdate =16 Disyembre 2008|ref=harv}} * {{Cite web | last = Yates | first = Simon | date = 2003 | title =The Lady Hope Story: A Widespread Falsehood | publisher=[[TalkOrigins Archive]] | url =http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hope.html | accessdate =15 Disyembre 2006|ref=harv}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{sisterlinks|s=Charles Robert Darwin|author=yes|wikt=no|species_author=Charles Robert Darwin}} {{Library resources box |onlinebooks=yes |by=yes |viaf= 27063124 |label=Charles Darwin }} * [[The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online]] – [http://darwin-online.org.uk/ Darwin Online]; Darwin's publications, private papers and bibliography, supplementary works including biographies, obituaries and reviews * [http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/ Darwin Correspondence Project] Full text and notes for complete correspondence to 1867, with summaries of all the rest ** Darwin-Hooker letters, images and text jointly published at [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/darwinhooker Cambridge Digital Library] and [http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwin-hooker-letters Darwin Correspondence Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711123808/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwin-hooker-letters |date= 11 Hulyo 2014 }} * {{gutenberg author| id=Charles+Darwin| name=Charles Darwin}}; public domain * [http://darwin.amnh.org/ Darwin Manuscript Project] * [http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&author=charles+darwin&status=all&action=Search Works by Charles Darwin in audio format] from [[LibriVox]] * [http://archives.cbc.ca/science_technology/natural_science/topics/3696/ Video and radio clips] [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] * {{dmoz|Science/Biology/History/People/Darwin,_Charles/}} * {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n78-95637}} * {{NRA|P7461}} * [http://www.thesecondevolution.com/darwin_intro.html A Pictorial Biography of Charles Darwin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705135038/http://www.thesecondevolution.com/darwin_intro.html |date= 5 Hulyo 2014 }} * [http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/darwin_nazism.htm Mis-portrayal of Darwin as a Racist] * [http://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zlY48eTMIq2I.kAz5eIDk_Q1I Google Map of Charles Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle 1832-1836] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125153030/https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zlY48eTMIq2I.kAz5eIDk_Q1I |date= 25 Enero 2015 }} * [http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/darwinvolcano.html Darwin's Volcano] – a short video discussing Darwin and Agassiz' coral reef formation debate * {{Cite EB1911| wstitle=Darwin, Charles Robert}} * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/interactive/2009/feb/12/charles-darwin '' The life and times of Charles Darwin'', an audio slideshow, The Guardian, Thursday 12 February 2009,] (3 min 20 sec). * [http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/showcases/charlesdarwin/ Darwin's Brave New World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622123730/http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/showcases/charlesdarwin/ |date=2013-06-22 }} – A 3 part drama-documentary exploring Charles Darwin and the significant contributions of his colleagues Joseph Hooker, Thomas Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace also featuring interviews with [[Richard Dawkins]], David Suzuki, Jared Diamond * [http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosdarwinE/darwin.html A naturalist's voyage around the world] Account of the ''Beagle'' voyage using animation, in English from [[French National Centre for Scientific Research|Centre national de la recherche scientifique]] * {{Cite book|last=''Anonymous''|others=Illustrated by [[s:Author:Frederick Waddy|Waddy, Frederick]]|title=Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/C._R._Darwin,_F.R.S.|accessdate=28 Disyembre 2010| date = 1873|publisher=Tinsley Brothers|location=London|pages=6–7}} * View books owned and annotated by [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/collection/darwinlibrary Charles Darwin] at the online Biodiversity Heritage Library. * [http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/darwin_mss Digitised Darwin Manuscripts] in [[Cambridge Digital Library]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Darwin, Charles}} [[Kaarangay:Charles Darwin| ]] [[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1809]] [[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1882]] [[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Darwin, Charles]] 6n8nqo9v5c5f4g0vweueysuww9c3fvt 0 14771 7783139 7782370 2026-05-11T13:41:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783139 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Everest kalapatthar crop.jpg|thumb]] An '''Bukid Everest''' amo an gidadako-i ngan gihahataasi nga bukid ha kalibutan. an Bukid Everest aada ha [[Himalaya]]. Mayda ini 8,848 metros (29,029 feet) nga kahitaas. An iya tuktok aada ka butnga han katubtuban han [[Nepal]] ngan [[Tsina]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== * {{cite book|last=Astill|first=Tony|title=Mount Everest: The Reconnaissance 1935|url=https://archive.org/details/mounteverestreco0000asti|year=2005}} * {{cite book|last1=Boukreev|first1=Anatoli|authorlink=Anatoli Boukreev|last2=DeWalt|first2=G. Weston|title=The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest|url=https://archive.org/details/climbtragicambit00bouk_0|publisher=Saint Martin's Press|year=1997|isbn=0312168144}} * {{cite book|first=Edmund|last=Hillary|authorlink=Edmund Hillary|title=High Adventure|location=London|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=1953}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Jon Krakauer|last=Krakauer|first=Jon|title=Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mt. Everest Disaster|url=https://archive.org/details/intothinairperso0000krak_e3j6|location=New York|publisher=Villard|year=1997|isbn=0-679-45752-6}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Reinhold Messner|last=Messner|first=Reinhold|title=The Crystal Horizon: Everest – the first solo ascent|url=https://archive.org/details/crystalhorizon00rein_0|location=Seattle|publisher=The Mountaineers|year=1989|isbn=0-89886-207-8}} * {{cite book|authorlink=W. H. Murray|last=Murray|first=W. H.|title=The Story of Everest, 1921–1952|location=London|publisher=J. M. Dent & Sons|year=1953}} * {{cite book|authorlink1=Tenzing Norgay|last1=Norgay|first1=Tenzing|last2=Ullman|first2=Ramsey James|title=Tiger of the Snows|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-DQT-662|location=New York|publisher=Putnam|year=1955}} * {{cite book|authorlink=Bill Tilman|last=Tilman|first=H. W.|title=Nepal Himalaya|url=https://archive.org/details/nepalhimalaya0000hwti|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1952}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{commons}} {{wikiquote}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Everest, Mount}} * [http://www.himalaya-info.org/Map%20khumbu_mitte.htm Mount Everest on Himalaya-Info.org (German)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007201357/http://www.himalaya-info.org/Map%20khumbu_mitte.htm |date=2014-10-07 }} * [http://www.staeudtner.com/allgemein/360-panorama-view-mount-everest-summit/ 360 panorama view from top of Mount Everest – large dimension drawing] * [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/everest/ ''National Geographic'' site on Mt. Everest] * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/ NOVA site on Mt. Everest] * [http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest Imaging Everest, a collection of photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114060108/http://imagingeverest.rgs.org/Concepts/Imaging_Everest/ |date=2016-11-14 }} * [http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/ASIA/Everest-North.gif North] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531055643/http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/ASIA/EVEREST-North.gif |date=2023-05-31 }} *[http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/ASIA/Everest-South.gif South] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102081646/http://viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/ASIA/EVEREST-South.gif |date=2022-01-02 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020602010752/http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/everest/interactive/interactive.html Interactive climb of Everest] from Discovery Channel * [http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/150230/everest.html Mount Everest on Summitpost] * [http://www.8000ers.com/cms/content/view/52/185/ Full list of all ascents of Everest up to and including 2008 (in pdf format)] * [http://www.everesthistory.com/everestsummits/summitsbyyear.htm Summits and deaths per year] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720183726/http://www.everesthistory.com/everestsummits/summitsbyyear.htm |date=2015-07-20 }} * [http://thegreatindian.tripod.com/mountEverest.htm Mount Everest panorama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531104744/https://thegreatindian.tripod.com/mountEverest.htm |date=2023-05-31 }}, [http://www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen2/full22.html Mount Everest interactive panorama (QuickTime format)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410141725/http://www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen2/full22.html |date=2013-04-10 }}, Virtual panoramas * [https://himalayantrekkers.com/itinerary/everest-base-camp-trek Everest Base Camp Trek] - a 14 Days trek is a perfect timeframe to reach the base camp of Mount Everest. [[Kaarangay:Bukid Everest]] hylce0ng8eb1ojzwc34ow2y0c8dopi2 0 15178 7783145 7783060 2026-05-12T00:22:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sayantista | name = Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) | image = Carl von Linné.jpg | image_size = 240px | alt = Portrait of Linnaeus on a brown background with the word "Linne" in the top right corner | caption = ''Carl von Linné'', [[Alexander Roslin]], 1775.<br />Pagpintar ha lana ngadto ha<br />koleksyon hin ritrato ha [[Kastilyo Gripsholm]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1707|5|23}}<ref group=note name=birthdate>Hi Carl Linnaeus in natawo ha tuig 1707 han 13 Mayo ([[Kalendaryo Suwediko|Istilo Suwediko]]) o 23 Mayo sumala han moderno nga kalendaryo. Sumala han [[kalendaryo Julian]] naman, hiya in natawo ha 12 Mayo. (Blunt 2004, p. 12)</ref> | birth_place = [[Råshult]], parokya han Stenbrohult (yana ha sulod han [[Munisipyo han Älmhult]]), Suwesya | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1778|1|10|1707|5|23}} | death_place = ([[estado (tuna)|Estado]]) han Hammarby, Parokya han Danmark (gawas han Uppsala), Suwesya | residence = [[Suwesya]] | citizenship = | nationality = Swedeno | ethnicity = | religion = [[Luteranismo|Luteran]] | fields = [[Botaniya]]<br />[[Biyolohiya]]<br />[[Zoolohiya]] | workplaces = | alma_mater = [[Unibersidad Lund]]<br />[[Unibersidad Uppsala]]<br />[[Unibersidad han Harderwijk]] | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = [[Taxonomiya (biyolohiya)|Linnaeanhon nga taksonomiya]]<br />Ekolohiya<br />[[Botaniya]] | author_abbrev_bot = L. | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = Linne autograph.png.svg | signature_alt = Carl v. Linné | footnotes = <br />[[File:Linne CoA.jpg|center|240px]]<center>An [[coat of arms]] ni Carl von Linné.</center> }} Hi '''Carl Linnaeus''' (23 Mayo 1707 – 10 Enero 1778), kilala gihapon han iya pagtahod nga ngaran nga '''Carl von Linné''', in uska Swedeno nga botanista, magtarambal ngan zoolohista, nga naglatag han mga pondasyon han moderno nga iskima han binomial nga pag-ngaran. Hiya an sinisiring nga amay han moderno nga taksonomiya, ngan hiya liwat an sinisiring nga usa ha mga amay han moderno nga ekolohiya. Kadam-an han iya mga sinurat in nakalatin, ngan an iya ngaran ha Linatin in '''Carolus Linnæus''' (katima han tuig 1761 nagin '''Carolus a Linné'''). Hi Linnaeus in natawo ha horon nga dapit han Småland, ha salatan nga Suwesya. Hi Linnaeus in kinmarawat han iya kadam-an nga hiruhitaas nga pag-aram ha Unibersidad han Uppsala, ngan nagtikang pagtutdo ha botaniya ngada han tuig 1730. Inmukoy hiya ha langyaw han butnga nga mga tuig 1735 ngan 1738, kun diin hiya in nag-aram ngan iya liwat ginpapatik an syahan nga edisyon han iya Systema Naturae ha Nederlandes. Binmalik liwat hiya ha Suwesya, kun diin hiya in naging propesor hin medisina ngan botaniya ha Uppsala. Han dekada 1740, hiya in makadamo ginpabiyahe palibot ha Suwesya para makabiling ngan makapag-angay-angay hin mga tanaman ngan kahayopan. Han mga dekada 1750 ngan 60, hiya in nagpadayon pangolekta ngan pangalisipika hin mga kahayopan, tanaman ngan mga mineral ngan nagpapatik hin pipira nga mga bolyum. Han takna han iya kamatayon, hiya in usa ha mga gindadayawan nga sayantista ha Europa. An Swisa nga pilosopo nga hi [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] in nagpadangat hin mensahe ha iya: "Sidngi hiya nga waray ako nababaroan nga tawo nga mas labaw ha iya dinhi ha tuna." An Aleman nga manunurat nga hi [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] in nagsurat: "Labot la kanda Shakespeare ngan Spinoza, waray gud ako nababaroan ha nagkamatay nga mas nakaimpluwensiya ha akon." An Swedeno nga awtor nga hi [[August Strindberg]] in nagsurat: "Ha ungod la, hi Linnaeus in usa maniniday nga nahitabo la nga naturalista". Ha iba liwat nga mga pagdayaw, hi Linnaeus in gintatawag nga Princeps botanicorum (Prinsipe han mga Botanista), "An Pliny han Amihanan," ngan "An Ikaduha nga Adan". Ha botaniya, an pagpahalipot han ngaran hin awtor nga gingagamit para pagtudlok kan Linnaeus komo otoridad han kanan mga species nga mga ngaran in L. An kan Linnaeus lawas amo an type specimen han species nga Homo sapiens, sumala han International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, tungod an nag-uusahan nga specimen nga iya gin-adman, ha takna han pagsurat han paghulagway han species, in hiya kalugaringon la ngahaw. ==Biyograpiya== ===Unhan nga bahin han kinabuhi=== ====Pagkabata==== [[File:LA2-Rashult-2.jpg|thumb|right|Natawhan nga lugar ni Linnaeus ha [[Råshult]]]] Hi Carl Linnaeus in natawo ha baryo han [[Råshult]] ha [[Småland]], Suwesya han 23 Mayo 1707. Hiya an suhag nira Nils Ingemarsson Linnaeus ngan Christina Brodersonia. An iya amay an syahan han ira lahi nga ginmamit hin permamente nga apelyido. San-o ito, an iya kanuno-nunoan in ginmamit han patronimiko nga sistema han pagngaran han mga nasod Eskandinabya: an iya amay in ginngaranan nga Ingemarsson sunod han iya amay Ingemar Bengtsson. Han takna nga hi Nils in ginkarawat ha [[Unibersidad han Lund]], kinahanglan niya nga kumuha hin apelyido. Iya gingamit an Linatan nga ngaran Linnæus tikang ha higante nga puno han [[linden]] , nga tinmubo ha ira panimalay.<ref name="Blunt12">[[#Blunt|Blunt (2004)]], p. 12.</ref> Ini nga ngaran in ginbaybay nga lakip an [[æ]] nga ligatura. Han natawo hi Carl, ginngaranan hiya nga Carl Linnæus, nga upod an iya amay apelyido. An anak in permi liwat ginbabaybay ini nga maylakip nga æ nga ligatura, mapakinamot man nga pagsurat han dokumento ngan mapaimprenta.<ref name="Blunt13">[[#Blunt|Blunt (2004)]], p. 13.</ref> An kan Carl patronimiko in Nilsson unta, magawas nga Carl Nilsson Linnæus. ==Mga kasarigan== {{Mga kasarigan|group=note}} {{Mga kasarigan}} ===Bibliograpiya=== {{Refbegin|32em}} *{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Margaret J. |title=Carl Linnaeus: Father of Classification |url=https://archive.org/details/carllinnaeusfath00ande |date=1997 |publisher=[[Enslow Publishers]] |location=United States |isbn=978-0-89490-786-9 |ref=Anderson }} *{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Wilfrid |title=Linnaeus: the compleat naturalist |url=http://books.google.com/?id=N54GuRxlgrMC |date=2001 |publisher=[[Frances Lincoln]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-7112-1841-3 |ref=Blunt2001 }}{{Dead link|date=Enero 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} *{{Cite book |last=Blunt |first=Wilfrid |title=Linnaeus: the compleat naturalist |url=http://books.google.com/?id=FRH_EMhQYhYC |date=2004 |publisher=[[Frances Lincoln]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-7112-2362-2 |ref=Blunt }} *{{Cite book |last=Bontius |first=J. |authorlink=Jacobus Bontius |date=1658 |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39776 |chapter=Historiae naturalis & medicae Indiae Orientalis libri sex |pages=1–226 |editor=[[Willem Piso|Gulielmo Piso]] |title=De Indiæ Utriusque re naturali et medica libri quatuordecim. Quorum contenta pagina sequens exhibet |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Elzevier |ref=Bontius }} *{{Cite book |last=Braziel |first=Jana Evans |chapter=Genre, race, erasure: a genealogical critique of "American" autobiography |pages=[https://archive.org/details/erasingpublicmem0000unse/page/34 35]–70 |title=Erasing Public Memory: Race, Aesthetics, and Cultural Amnesia in the Americas |url=https://archive.org/details/erasingpublicmem0000unse |editor=Joseph A. Young & Jana Evans Braziel | date = 2007 |publisher=[[Mercer University Press]] |isbn=978-0-88146-076-6 |ref=Braziel}} *{{Cite book |last=Broberg |first=G. |authorlink=Gunnar Broberg | date = 1975 |title=''Homo sapiens'' L. studien: Carl von Linné naturuppfattning och människolära |location=Uppsala |publisher=Almquist and Wiksell |ref=Broberg1975}} *{{Cite journal |last=Broberg |first=Gunnar |authorlink=Gunnar Broberg |date=2008 |title=The Dragonslayer |journal=[[Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek]] |volume=29 |issue=1–2 |pages=29–43 |url=http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/tvs/vol29/nr01/art03 |ref=Broberg2008 |access-date=30 Hulyo 2012 |archive-date=12 Enero 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130112063158/http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/tvs/vol29/nr01/art03 |url-status=dead }} *{{Cite book |last=Broberg |first=Gunnar |title=Carl Linnaeus |url=https://archive.org/details/carllinnaeus0000brob |authorlink=Gunnar Broberg |date=2006 |publisher=[[Swedish Institute]] |location=Stockholm |isbn=978-91-520-0912-3 |ref=Broberg }} * {{Cite book | last1=Davis | first1=P. H. | last2=Heywood | first2=V. H. | date = 1973 | title=Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy | location=Huntington, New York | publisher=Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company | ref=Davis }} *{{Cite book |last=Frängsmyr |first=Tore |last2=Lindroth |first2=Sten |last3=Eriksson |first3=Gunnar |last4=Broberg |first4=Gunnar |title=Linnaeus, the man and his work |url=http://books.google.com/?id=RrKiQgAACAAJ&dq=Linnaeus+the+man+and+his+works |date=1983 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |isbn=978-0-7112-1841-3 |ref=Frängsmyr }} *{{Cite book |last=Frodin |first=D. G. |date=2001 |title=Guide to Standard Floras of the World: an Annotated, Geographically Arranged Systematic Bibliography of the Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists, and Chorological Atlases of Different Areas |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-79077-2 |chapter=The evolution of floras |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aMjXCF4rmDUC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27 |pages=24–51 |ref=Frodin }} *{{Cite book |last1=Gribbin |first1=Mary |last2=Gribbin |first2=John |title=Flower Hunters |url=http://books.google.com/?id=yDC7gu-sCMsC |date=2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-956182-7 |ref=Gribbin }} *{{Cite book |editor1-last=McNeill |editor1-first=J. |editor2-last=F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, V. Demoulin, D. L. Hawksworth, K. Marhold, D. H. Nicolson, J. Prado, P. C. Silva, J. E. Skog, J. H. Wiersema & N. J. Turland | date = 2006 |title=[[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] (Vienna Code) |series=Regnum Vegetabile |volume=146 |publisher=A. R. G. Gantner Verlag |isbn=978-3-906166-48-3 |ref=ICBN}} *{{Cite book |last=Keevak |first=Michael | date = 2011 |title=Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-14031-5 |ref=Keevak}} *{{Cite book |last=Koerner |first=Lisbet |title=Linnaeus: Nature and Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/linnaeusnaturena00koer_0 | date = 1999 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Harvard |isbn=978-0-674-09745-2 |ref=Koerner}} *{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carolus |date=1735 |title=Systema naturae, sive regna tria naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, & species |pages=1–12 |location=Leiden |publisher=Haak |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15373 |ref=L1735 }} *{{Cite book |last1=Linnaeus |first1=Carolus |coauthors=Hendrik Engel & Maria Sara Johanna Engel-Ledeboer | date = 1964 |origyear=1735 |title=[[Systema Naturae]] |edition=facsimile of the 1st |location=Nieuwkoop, Netherlands |publisher=B. de Graaf |oclc=460298195 |ref=Engel}} *{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carolus |date=1758 |title=Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |volume=1 |edition=[[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th]] |pages=[1–4], 1–824 |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |location=Stockholm |url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN362053006 |ref=L1758 }} *{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carolus |date=1771 |title=Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II |url=http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=947 |pages=[1–7], 144–588 |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |location=Stockholm |ref=L1771 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930150525/http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=947 |date=2011-09-30 }} {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=947 |access-date=30 Hulyo 2012 |archive-date=30 Septyembre 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930150525/http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=947 |url-status= }} *{{Cite book |last=Loring Brace |first=C. |date=2005 |title="Race" is a Four Letter Word. The Genesis of the Concept |url=https://archive.org/details/raceisfourletter0000brac |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-517351-2 |ref=Loring }} *{{Cite book |last=Marks |first=Jonathan |chapter=Ten facts about human variation |title=Human Evolutionary Biology |editor1-last=Muehlenbein |editor1-first=Michael |date=2010 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-87948-4 |pages=265–276 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3NRf_8gwmO8C&pg=PA265 |ref=Marks }} *{{Cite journal |last=Östholm |first=Hanna |date=2007 |title=The Linnaean Legacy: Three Centuries after his Birth |editor=Mary J. Morris and Leonie Berwick |chapter=Making memorials: early celebrations of Linnaeus |volume=Special Issue No. 8 |pages=35–44 |journal=The Linnean |publisher=Newsletter and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London |url=http://www.linnean.org/fileadmin/images/Linnean/Special_Issue_8_-_The_Linneaen_Legacy.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |ref=Östholm |access-date=30 Hulyo 2012 |archive-date=17 Hulyo 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202527/http://www.linnean.org/fileadmin/images/Linnean/Special_Issue_8_-_The_Linneaen_Legacy.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{Cite journal |last=Quammen |first=David |authorlink=David Quammen |date=Hunyo 2007 |title=The Name Giver |journal=[[National Geographic Magazine|National Geographic]] |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/06/linnaeus-name-giver/david-quammen-text/1 |accessdate=3 Abril 2010 |ref=Quammen |archive-date=2010-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415180613/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/06/linnaeus-name-giver/david-quammen-text/1 |url-status= }} * {{Cite book | last1=Reveal | first1=James L. | last2=Pringle | first2=James S. | date = 1993 | chapter=7. Taxonomic Botany and Floristics" | title=Flora of North America | volume=1 | location=New York & Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-505713-9 | ref=Reveal }} *{{Cite book | last=Simpson | first=George Gaylord | date=1961 | title=Principles of Animal Taxonomy | url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofanim0000simp_h9n2 | location=New York & London | publisher=Columbia University Press | ref=Simpson }} </ref> *{{Cite book |last=Slotkin |first=J. S. | date = 1965 |title=Readings in early Anthropology |publisher=[[Methuen Publishing]] |chapter=The Eighteenth Century |pages=175–243 |ref=Slotkin}} *{{Cite journal |last=Sprague |first=T. A. | date = 1953 |title=Linnaeus as a nomenclaturist |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=40–46 |doi=10.2307/1217339 |jstor=1217339 |ref=Sprague}} *{{Cite book |last=Stace |first=Clive A. |authorlink=Clive A. Stace | date = 1991 |title=Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics |url=https://archive.org/details/planttaxonomybio0000cliv |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-42785-2 |ref=Stace}} *{{Cite book |last=Stafleu |first=Frans A. |authorlink=Frans Stafleu | date = 1971 |title=Linnaeus and the Linnaeans: the Spreading of their Ideas in Systematic Botany, 1735–1789 |url=https://archive.org/details/linnaeuslinnaean0000staf |location=Utrecht |publisher=[[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]] |isbn=978-90-6046-064-1 |ref=Stafleu}} *{{Cite journal |last=Stearn |first=W. T. |authorlink=William T. Stearn | date = 1959 |title=The Background of Linnaeus' Contributions to the Nomenclature and Methods of Systematic Biology |journal=[[Systematic Zoology]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=4–22 |ref=Stearn}} *{{Cite book |last=Stöver |first=Dietrich Johann Heinrich |title=The life of Sir Charles Linnæus |url=http://books.google.com/?id=ogwXAAAAYAAJ |editor=Joseph Trapp | date = 1794 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-19-850122-0 |ref=Stöver}} *{{Cite book |author=Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann & H. M. Jahns | date = 2005 |title=Algae: An Introduction to Phycology |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-30419-1 |ref=Hoek}} *{{Cite journal |last=Veitch |first=H. J. |authorlink=Harry Veitch | date = 1897 |title=''Nepenthes'' |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society]] |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=226–262 |ref=Veitch}} *{{Cite book |title=The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: a Comprehensive Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionofmoder0000will_l3i1 |last=Willoughby |first=Pamela | date = 2007 |publisher=[[AltaMira Press]] |isbn=978-0-7591-0119-7 |ref=Willoughby}} *{{Cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Don E. |author2=DeeAnn M. Reeder | date = 2005 |title=[[Mammal Species of the World]]: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference |volume=1 |edition=3rd |publisher=[[JHU Press]] |isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0 |ref=Wilson}} *{{Cite book |author=Windelspecht, Michael | date = 2002 |title=Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 17th century |url=https://archive.org/details/groundbreakingsc0000wind |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-313-31501-5 |ref=Windelspecht}} {{Refend}} ==Dugang nga barasahon== *{{Cite book |author=C. L. Brightwell | date = 1858 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/lifeoflinnaeus00brigiala |title=A Life of Linnaeus |location=London |publisher=J. Van Voorst}} *{{Cite book |author=Lys de Bray | date = 2001 |title=The Art of Botanical Illustration: A history of classic illustrators and their achievements |url=https://archive.org/details/artofbotanicalil0000debr |pages=[https://archive.org/details/artofbotanicalil0000debr/page/62 62]–71 |publisher=Quantum Publishing Ltd |location=London |isbn=978-1-86160-425-5}} *{{Cite book |author=Edmund Otis Hovey | date = 1908 |url=http://www.archive.org/details/bicentenaryofbir00hoveiala |title=The Bicentenary of the Birth of Carolus Linnaeus |location=New York |publisher=New York Academy of Sciences}} *{{Cite book |author=Sverker Sörlin & Otto Fagerstedt |title=Linné och hans apostlar | date = 2004 |isbn=978-91-27-35590-3 |publisher=Natur och kultur/Fakta |location=Stockholm |language=Swedish}} *{{Cite book |author=J. L. P. M. Krol | date = 1982 |chapter=Linnaeus' verblijf op de Hartekamp |title=Het Landgoed de Hartekamp in Heemstede |location=Heemstede |isbn=978-90-70712-01-3 |language=Dutch}} *{{Cite book |editor=Lars Hansen |title=The Linnaeus Apostles – Global Science & Adventure |series=8 vols. 11 books |location=London & Whitby |publisher=The IK Foundation & Company | date = 2007–2011 |isbn=978-1-904145-26-4}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Carl von Linné}} ''Mga biograpiya'' * [http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/index-en.html Biography] at the Department of Systematic Botany, [[Uppsala University|University of Uppsala]] * [http://linnean.org/index.php?id=47 Biography] at The Linnean Society of London * [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html Biography] from the [[University of California Museum of Paleontology]] * A four minute [https://youtube.com/watch?v=Gb_IO-SzLgk biographical video] from the London [[Natural History Museum]] on YouTube * [http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3#page/87 Biography] from Taxonomic Literature, 2nd Edition. 1976-2009. ''Kuruhaan'' * {{gutenberg author| id=Carl_von_Linné| name=Carl von Linné}} * [http://www.linnaeus.info The Linnaeus Apostles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174247/http://www.linnaeus.info/ |date= 15 Disyembre 2018 }} * [http://www.linnean-online.org/ The Linnean Collections] * [http://linnaeus.c18.net/ The Linnean Correspondence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119125502/http://linnaeus.c18.net/ |date=2011-01-19 }} * [http://goran.waldeck.se/Ento3E.htm Linnaeus' Disciples and Apostles] * [http://huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu/HIBD/Departments/Library/LinnaeanDiss.shtml The Linnaean Dissertations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616073944/http://huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu/HIBD/Departments/Library/LinnaeanDiss.shtml |date= 16 Hunyo 2010 }} * [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/botany/fbo/welcome.html.en Linnean Herbarium] * [http://www.linnaeus2007.se/ The Linnæus Tercentenary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912071812/http://www.linnaeus2007.se/ |date= 12 Septyembre 2016 }} * [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/825 Works by Carl von Linné] at the [[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] ''Lain'' * Linnaeus was depicted by [[Jay Hosler]] in a parody of ''Peanuts'' titled "[http://www.jayhosler.com/Charlie.jpg Good ol' Charlie Darwin]". * The [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v446/n7133/index.html 15 March 2007 issue] of ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' featured a picture of Linnaeus on the cover with the heading "Linnaeus's Legacy" and devoted a substantial portion to items related to Linnaeus and Linnaean taxonomy. * A [[tattoo]] of Linnaeus' [http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2010/03/06/what-is-man-science-tattoo/ definition of the order Primates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202022413/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2010/03/06/what-is-man-science-tattoo/ |date= 2 Disyembre 2010 }} mentioned by [[Carl Zimmer]] * ''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'' [http://www.xs4all.nl/~kwanten/harderwijk.htm tree at the University of Harderwijk], said to have been planted by Linnaeus in 1735 {{DEFAULTSORT:Linnaeus, Carl}} [[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1707]] [[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1778]] [[Kaarangay:Carl Linnaeus| ]] [[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]] [[Kaarangay:Suwesya]] sg9d2dzblfwc1q0xmrohe09deee71yw 0 199186 7783149 6948323 2026-05-12T08:22:59Z Llez 14758 7783149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Bivalvia|date=2013-02}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Lucinisca nassula'' | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Mollusca]] | classis = [[Bivalvia]] | ordo = [[Veneroida]] | familia = [[Lucinidae]] | genus = [[Lucinisca]] | species = '''Lucinisca nassula''' | binomial = Lucinisca nassula | binomial_authority = ([[Conrad (awtor)|Conrad]], 1846) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | superfamilia = [[Lucinoidea]] | synonyms = }} '''''Lucinisca nassula'''''<ref name = "col418"/> in uska species han [[Bivalvia]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Conrad (awtor)|Conrad]] hadton 1846. An ''Lucinisca nassula'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Lucinisca]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Lucinidae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> <div align=center> Tuo ngan wala nga flap han pareho nga hayop: <gallery mode="packed" length="400"> Lucinisca nassula 01.jpg|Tuo nga flap Lucinisca nassula 02.jpg|Wala nga flap </gallery> </div align=center> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/lucinisca+nassula/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col418">Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al. (1998) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed., American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26</ref> <ref name = "source">''ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System''. Orrell T. (custodian), 26 Abril 2011</ref> </references> [[Kaarangay:Lucinisca]] mttpcpkv11m39zvqu1bwshlsqgy3vvw 0 316365 7783141 7472919 2026-05-11T15:01:11Z Kentro346466tt 67250 /* Mga sumpay ha gawas */ 7783141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Symphyla|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = Scutigerellidae | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = ''[[incertae sedis]]'' | ordo = [[Symphyla]] | familia = '''Scutigerellidae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Scutigerellidae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} An '''''Scutigerellidae'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[familia]] han [[Symphyla]]. An Scutigerellidae in nahilalakip ha [[ordo]] nga [[Symphyla]], [[phylum]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Scutigerellidae in naglalakip hin 40 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Symphyla]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''&nbsp;Scutigerellidae&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Neoscutigerella]]'' | 2=''[[Scolopendrelloides]]'' | 3=''[[Scutigerella]]'' }} | 2=[[Remysymphyla]] | 3=[[Scolopendrellidae]] }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/scutigerellidae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Scutigerellidae}} {{Wikispecies|Scutigerellidae|''Scutigerellidae''}} [[Kaarangay:Scutigerellidae]] 2ijmk4qfmszxfo1x45h4mmp7l5hwnk4 0 2552359 7783147 7205842 2026-05-12T06:13:32Z Ziv 62318 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Starr 011104 0065 asystasia gangetica.jpg]] → [[File:Starr 011104-0065 Asystasia gangetica.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Starr 011104-0065 Asystasia gangetica.jpg]] 7783147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Asystasia gangetica'' | status = | image = Starr 011104-0065 Asystasia gangetica.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Lamiales]] | familia = [[Acanthaceae]] | genus = [[Asystasia]] | species = '''Asystasia gangetica''' | binomial = Asystasia gangetica | binomial_authority = ([[Carl von Linné|L.]]) T. Anders. | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Justicia gangetica'' <small>[[Carl von Linné|L.]]</small><ref name = "col103289"/><br>''Asystasia coromandeliana'' <small>[[Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck|Nees]]</small><ref name = "col103289"/> }} An '''''Asystasia gangetica'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Carl von Linné]], ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni T. Anders.. An ''Asystasia gangetica'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Asystasia]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Acanthaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> ==Subspecies== Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:<ref name = "COL"/> * ''A. g. gangetica'' * ''A. g. micrantha'' * ''A. g. mendeliana'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16676439|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "source">{{Cite web |title=World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World |url=http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |access-date=2014-09-21 |archive-date=2019-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318221109/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ |url-status= }}</ref> <ref name = "col103289"> (2000) , database, The PLANTS Database</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Asystasia gangetica|''Asystasia gangetica''}} {{Wikispecies|Asystasia gangetica|''Asystasia gangetica''}} [[Kaarangay:Asystasia]] smqhpz4w4hu5kkq0yytlmmt89sz3bhg 0 2882292 7783140 6640003 2026-05-11T14:37:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taal Lake, volcano island view Maharlika West (Tagaytay, Cavite; 05-07-2023).jpg|thumb|350px|Volcano Island, an purô ha sakob han danáw nga kaparte han kabug-osan nga Bulkan Taal (Mayo 2023)]] An '''Bulkan Taal''' usa nga bulkan nga namumutang ha puro han Luzon ha Pilipinas. An Bulkan Taal amo in usa san mga gintatatwag nga ''16 Decade Volcanoes''. ==Ngaran== An Bulkan Taal gintawag gihapon nga ''Bombou'' han 1821.<ref name="Roberts1">{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat |year=1837 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |location=New York |page=60 |url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7317/view/1/60/ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416052413/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7317/view/1/60/ |date=2016-04-16 }}</ref> == Geograpiya == An Bulkan Taal ngan an Lawa Taal o Danaw Taal amo in mahihiagian san probinsya san [[Batangas]]. An katunga san bulkan-isla o bulkan-nga-purô nahihiilarum san bungto san Talisay, ngan an katunga sa katimugan sakop naman san bungto san San Nicolas. An iba pa na mga kumyunidad na nakapalibot san Lawa Taal amo an mga syudad san [[Tanauan]], ngan [[Lipa]], ngan mga municipalidad san Talisay, Laurel, Agoncillo, Santa Teresita, Alitagtag, Cuenca, Balete ngan Mataas na Kahoy.<ref>(2011) "The Province map" Archived 2011-08-09 at the Wayback Machine, Provincial Government of Batangas Web Site</ref> == Kasaysayan san mga pagputok o pagbuto == May ada na an Bulkan taal naitala na 33 nga pagbuto o erapsyon o pagputok magtikang sadton tuig 1572. Naitala liwat an mga pagbuto sadton 1634, 1635, 1641, 1645, 1790, 1825, 1842, 1873, 1885, 1903, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1976 and 1977. <ref> Taal Flyer, Philippine institute of Volcanology and Seismology, retrieved on 2010-11-27 </ref> <ref>Seach, John; Taal Volcano, Volcano Live, retrieved on 2010-11-28 </ref> An mga dumagko na erapsyon an mga nasunod: '''1754 nga pagbuto''' Amo ini an naitala na pinakadarako na pagputok na nagtikang sa Mayo 15 tubtob Desyembre 1. Naobserbahan ini ni Padre Buencuchillo, an padi-parokya san Sala, ngan nakaistsyon sa Taal sa mga panahon na iton. '''1911 nga pagbuto''' Usa san mga pinakamakusog na pagputok nahitabo sadton Enero 1911. An tunog san pagputok nabatian sa maabot 600 ka-milya an kahirayo (970 km).<ref>Worcester, Dean C.; "Taal Volcano and its Recent Destructive Eruption", National Geographic, Vol. XXIII, No. 4, p. 313</ref> Nagtala ini sin 1,335 na patay ngan maabot 199 na habol. Pito na mga barangay na aadto sa isla an ginpara sini na pagputok. '''1965-1977 nga pagbuto''' Nagkayaon aktibidad an taal sadton 1965 tubtob 1977 san bisinidad san Mount Tabaro. Gin-klaklasipika na ''phreatomagmatic'' inin pagputok sadton 1965.<ref> Taal Flyer, Philippine institute of Volcanology and Seismology, retrieved on 2010-11-27</ref> Pagkaagi sin siyam na bulan na pagpahuway, nagkayaon otro aktibidad sadton Hulyo 5, 1966, usa na ''phreatomagmatic'' sa Mount Tabaro, ngan ginsundan pa otro sadton Agusto 16, 1967. An urhi na pagputok nahitabo sadton 1976 ngan 1977. Usa na ''phreatic eruption''.<ref>Taal Flyer, Philippine institute of Volcanology and Seismology'', retrieved on 2010-11-27</ref> '''2020 nga pagbuto''' Pinutok otro an Taal sinin Enero 12, 2020, pagkalabay sin 43 katuig na pagpahuway. Ginhitaas san ''Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology'' an ''Alert Level 2'' ngadto san '' Alert Level 4''.<ref>"Alert Level 3 raised as Taal volcano manifests steam-driven explosion". Manila Bulletin. 12 January 2020.</ref> Nagtitikang an pagputok sa ''main crater''. Nagbuga sin abo an pagputok ngadto sa Calabarzon, Metro Manila, ngan iba na parte san Central Luzon, ngan nakansela an mga klase ngan ''work schedules'', ngan byahe san eroplano.<ref>"List: Class suspensions due to Taal Volcano eruption". Inquirer.net. 12 January 2020.</ref><ref>"Taal eruption puts NAIA flights on hold". GMA News. 12 January 2020.</ref> == Mga Kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Taal}} [[Kaarangay:Heyograpiya]] [[Kaarangay:Mga bulkan]] [[Kaarangay:Pilipinas]] n8duuz0gt7fnxeb1pj7r96pwphqtu38 3 2906370 7783143 7783033 2026-05-11T19:20:55Z MediaWiki message delivery 18387 /* Tech News: 2026-20 */ bag-o nga bahin 7783143 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:00, 20 Abril 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Abril 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mayo 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mayo 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> mh9baks32hgzlta7e28lc3ywi5cf8gk 0 2906396 7783144 2026-05-11T20:32:29Z SuperWikiaBros 64845 Bag-o nga pakli: An ''Amerikano nga Iningles'' amo an usa ka [[dialekto]] han [[Iningles]] nga ginagamit ha [[Estados Unidos]]. 7783144 wikitext text/x-wiki An ''Amerikano nga Iningles'' amo an usa ka [[dialekto]] han [[Iningles]] nga ginagamit ha [[Estados Unidos]]. sfhb7nkzykhssm4etu25lzy4l3cgxk6