Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje

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    <title>Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje</title>
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      <text bytes="30453" sha1="etn1iu0ib8xpxsndljsv62pzsgpfysz" xml:space="preserve">'''USolomon Tshekisho Plaatje''' (waazalwa ngomhla wesi-9 October 1876 – wasweleka ngomhla we-19 June 1932) wayeyinkcubabuchopho yasemZantsi Afrika, ekwayintatheli, eyingcali kwizifundo eziphicotha [[iilwimi]], engusopolitiki, ekwayitoliki ekwaziyo ukuyibeka ngolunye ulwimi intetho eyenziweyo okanye ebhaliweyo. Loo mfo wayekwangumbhali ophum'izandla. UPlaatje wayelelinye lamalungu kwanososiba jikelele wokuqala wo[[Umbutho weenzalelwane zeSizwe sasemZantsi Afrikm|mbutho weenzalelwane zeSizwe sasemZantsi Afrika]] (SANNC), mbutho lowo ungu[[Umbutho weSizwe saseAfrika|khongolose]] (ANC) namhlanje. [[UMasipalathi ongurhulumente wengingqi iSol Plaatje]], ubandakanya isixeko sas[[IKimberley, weNtshona koloni|eKimberley]], ubizwe ngegama lakhe, nje nge[[IYunivesithi iSol Plaatji|Yunivesithi iSol Plaatje]] kwakwesi siXeko, esavulwa ngokusesikweni ngo-2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;polity.org.za&quot;&gt;[http://www.polity.org.za/article/sa-jacob-zuma-address-by-the-president-of-south-africa-during-the-announcement-of-new-interim-councils-and-names-of-the-new-universities-union-buildings-pretoria-25072013-2013-07-25]]
Umsitho wokuvulwa kwale Yunivesithi intsha wazinyanswa ngentetho kaMongameli weSizwe sasemZantsi Afrika, ngethuba kubhengezwa oosoSiba bethutyana naxa kwakubhengezwa amagama eeYunivesithi ezintsha, 25 July 2013], le ngelo yaakhutshwa ngomhla wama-25 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebuntwaneni bakhe ==

Lo kaPlaatje waazalelwa eDoornfontein &lt;!-- Not to be confused with the Doornfontein suburb of Johannesburg --&gt; kufuphi ne[[Boshof]], e[[Orange Free State]] (neseyibizwa ngokuba liphondo lase[[Free State]], emZantsi Africa), ungunyana wesithandathu koonyana bakayise abasibhozo.{{sfn|Van Wyk|2003|p=}} Uyise mkhulu wayebizwa ngokuba nguSelogilwe Mogodi (owazalwa ngo-1836-wabhubha ngo1881) kodwa ngo1856, umqeshi wakhe, owayelibhulu leplazi laseGroenewald, wamthiya igama lesiteketiso elithi Plaatje, lwaza ke nosapho ngokubanzi lwaqala ukulisebenzisa eligama njengefani yosapho. Abazali bakhe uJohannes kunye noMartha babengabelizwe lasebu[[Tswana|Tswana]]. BabengamaKrestu besebenza kwisitishi sasemishini, besebenzela amamishinari emZantsi Afrika. Waathi xa aminyaka mine uSolomon, usapho lwakhe lwafudukela e[[Pniel, emntla Koloni|Pniel]] kufuphi naseKimberly e[[mNtla koloni weKapa]] lusiya kusebenzela ummishinari waseJamani, uErnst Westphal, nenkosikazi yakhe uWilhelmine. Kulapho wafumana khona imfundo yasemishini. Waathi akuqgwesa bonke abafundi, waanikwa uchatha wezifundo zabucala ezinikwa nguNkosikazi Westphal, ikwayile nkosikazi eyamfundisa ukudlala i-piano kunye ne-violini, waba sele emnika nezifundo zomculo. {{sfn|Van Wyk|2003|p=}} Ngenyanga yomDumba ngo-1892, wayene-15 leminyaka ubudala, wabangutishala efundisa abantwana, isikhundla awasibamba iminyaka emibini. 

Emva kokuba eshiyile esikolweni, waafudukela eKimberley ngo-1894, apho wayakuba ng[[Imbalelwano zocingo||unoposi]] owayeqeshwe yi-Ofisi yePosi ukuba ahambise iimbalelwano zocingo (iitelegram). {{sfn|Van Wyk|2003|p=}}. Ngokufutshane nje emva koko waphumelela uviwo lokuba ngumabhalane. Waaba ngoyena ufumana amanqaku aphezulu ukodlula wonke umntu owabhala olo viwo kule Koloni elubhala ngolwimi lwesi[[Ulwimi lwesiDatshi|Datshi]] aze aphinde abhale ngo [[Ukuchwetheza|kuchwetheza]] (ngokwengxelo eyanikwa nguNeil Parsons kumazwi akhe okuvula kwincwadi ethi''Ubomi beenzalelwane zasemZantsi Afrika, Phambi nangeminyaka okoko kwangeemfazwe zaseYurophu novukelo lwamabhulu'').{{sfn|Plaatjie|1996|p=foreword}}. Ngelo xesha, ikoloni yaseKapa yayise inikele ngeziqinisekiso zo[[Suffrage|rhwebo]] kuwo onke amadoda awayeneminyaka engama-21 nangaphezulu, esi siqinisekiso sasinikwa umntu okwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala isiNgesi kunye nesiDatshi. Lowo ke wayesamkela iiponti ezingama-50 ngonyaka. Wathi xa egqiba ama-21 eminyaka ubudala ngo-1897, wakwazi ukuvota, lungelo elo awathi kamva waliphucwa, ukuphela kolawulo lwaseBritane. {{sfn|Van Wyk|2003|p=}}

Ngokufutshane emvakoko, waabayitoliki yeenkundla zamatyala zoosomagunya baseBritane ngexesha lo[[kuvingcelwa kweMafeking]] waza wazibhala kwincwadana yakhe awayezazi ngokwamava akhe, nezathi zapapashwa kamva. {sfn|Van Wyk|2003|p=}}

Emva kwemfazwe, wayeqinisekile okokuba amaBritane ayakuqhubeka ezikhupha iziqinisekiso ezinika onke amadoda, kodwa wona amaBritatane awanika abamhlophe kuphela amalungelo ezopolitiko ngo-1910 [[UManyano lomZantsi Afrika]]. UPlaatje waawagxeka amaBritane kuxwebhu olwalungapapashwanga lwango-1909, olwalusihloko salo sithi,&quot;Sekgoma – Ukucalucalulwa kwabamnyama.&quot;{{sfn|Plaatjie|1996|p=foreword}}

== Igalelo ngokwesiphiwo sakhe ==

[[File:ANC1914.jpg|thumb|Abathunywa beNkongolo yeeNzalelwane zeSizwe sasemZantsi Afrika bethunywa eNgilane, ngeyeSilimela ngo-1914. Ukusuka ngasekhohlo ukuya ngasekunene: UThomas Mapike, umf. Walter Rubusana, umf. [[John Dube]], uSaul Msane, uSol Plaatje]]
Njengetshantliziyo kwezopolitiko, phantse bonke ubomi bakhe ubuchithe ekulwelweni iziqinisekiso nenkululeko yeenzalelwane zaseAfrika. Waba lelinye lamalungu elaqala umButho weeNzalelwane zeSizwe sasemZantsi Afrika waza waba ngusosiba jikelele wawo lo mbutho, owathi ekuhambeni kwethuba emva kweminyaka elishumi wabizwa ngokuba nguKhongolose [[African National Congress|UMbutho wesizwe saseAfrika]] (ANC). Njengelungu elaliphakathi kwabathunywa, waahamba waya e-Ngilani esiyakuqhankqalazela  [[Umthetho womhlaba weenzalelwane, wango-1913]], wathi kamva waya e[[Khanada]] nase[[nakumazwe aseMelika]] apho waadibana khona no[[Marcus Garvey]] no[[W. E. B. Du Bois]].

njengokuba wayekhule ethetha [[ulwimi lwesiTswana]], uPlaatje waye[[ukuthetha iilwimi ngeelwimi|thetha iilwimi ngeelwimi]]. Ezithetha ngokusulungekileyo iilwimi ezisixhenxe, waasebenza njengetoliki yeenkundla zamatyala ngexesha lo[[kurhangqwa kweMafeking]], waza wayibeka ngo[[Ulwimi lwesiTswana|lwimi lwesiTswana]] imisebenzi ka[[William Shakespeare]]. Esi sakhona nesiphiwo sakhe sokwazi iilwimi okaPlaatji sasingambeka kwinqanaba lobuntatheli nokubhala.    Wayekwangumhleli ekwabambisene ngokuba ngumnikazi we'Kuranta ya Becoana'' (''Bechuana Gazette'') e[[Mahikeng]], nase[[Kimberley, South Africa|Kimberley]] ''Tsala ya Becoana'' (''Bechuana Friend'') kunye ne''Tsala ya Batho'' (''Umhlobo wabantu'').

UPlaatje wabangumntu wokuqala omnyama emZantsi afrika ukubhala inoveli ngolwimi lwesiNgesi – ''[[Mhudi]]''. wayibhala le noveli ngo-1919, kodwa yaapapashwa ngo-1930 (ngo-1928 umbhali ngolwimi lwesiZulu u[[R. R. R. Dhlomo]] naye waapapasha inoveli ebhalwe ngolwimi lwesiNgesi, esihloko sayo sithi ''An African Tragedy/Intlekele yase Afrika'', kwindawo yoshicilelo ekuyimishini yaseLovedale, e[[Alice, eMpumakoloni|Alice]]; oku kweenza ukuba inoveli kaDlomo kube yinoveli yokuqala emZantsi Afrika ukupapashwa ngesiNgesi, ngoku kanye inoveli kaPlaatjie ethi''Mhudi'' yayibhalwe kuqala kuna le. Waaphinda wabhala incwadi esihloko sayo sithi''Native Life in South Africa - Ubomi benzalelwane emZantsi Afrika'', ncwadi leyo eyanconywa nguNeil Parsons, eyichaza njenge&quot;nye yeencwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu eAfrika, ebhalwe ngomnye wababhali abahlonitshwayo kwilizwekazi laseAfrika&quot;,{{sfn|Plaatjie|1996|p=foreword}} kunye nencwadi yeenkcukacha zemfazwe yamabbhulu eyapapashwa okokuqala emva kwama-40 eminyaka walandulelayo eli.

== Indima yakhe nje ngomdlali weqonga ==

[[File:Sol Plaatje (centre) in Cradle of the World 1923.jpg|thumbnail|Isiqendu somdalo weqonga othi''Cradle of the World'', 1923. USol Plaatje umi phakathi kumbini weqonga.]]
UPlaatje waandwendwela eBritani izihlandlo ezintathu. Kulapho wadibana khona nabantu abaninzi ababenezimvo ezifana nezakhe. Omnye wayenguququzeleli wemidlalo yoomabonakuthe [[uGeorge Lattimore]] owathi ngo-1923 waququzelela umboniso bhanya-bhanya oyi-[[Pathé]], ''Cradle of the World'', &quot;owona mdlalo wakhe wonwabisa nonika umdla kwimidlalo eyakhe yashicilelwa&quot;. Kwincwadi eyayisiya kumbutho wamaAfrika kwihlabathi jikelele u[[W. E. B. Du Bois]], uLattimore echaza okokuba unommsebenzi oyimpumelelo kwiholo lase[[Philharmonic Hall, London|Philharmonic]] elondon.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180812052906/http://oubliette.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b021-i418 ileta eyayivela kuGeorge W. Lattimore isiya kuW. E. B. Du Bois, ngomhla wama-21 kweyeThupha ngo-1923.] kumaphepha ka-W. E. B. Du Bois, ''credo''. Retrieved 13 October 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Umboniso, owawuneempawu zomnyhadala, owawuquka ukudlalwa kweengoma nomculo. UPlaatje waakhwetywa nguLattimore ukuba azekudlala indawo yokuba yindoda yomAfrika evela ezilalini.&lt;ref&gt;Topp Fargion, Janet. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111106120255/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/bldept/soundarch/saplayback/playback12.pdf &quot;Sol t Plaatje: The hidden recording&quot;], in ''Playback'', Bulletin of the British Library National Sound Archive, No. 12, Autumn 1995, pp. 2-4.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubomi bakhe ==

UPlaatje wayengumKrestu ozinikeleyo,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060213071027/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/mafikeng/sol_plaatje.html USolomon Tshekisho Plaatje (ongu-Sol Plaatje) Mafikeng Capital City – North West Province South Africa&lt;!-- bot-generated title --&gt;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213071027/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/mafikeng/sol_plaatje.html|date=13 February 2006}} at www.tourismnorthwest.co.za&lt;/ref&gt; ikwanguye owayila iqela labalandeli elalibizwa ngokuba ngaBazalwane bamaKrestu aseKimberley. wayetshate noElizabeth Lilith M'belle, umanyano olwavelisa abantwana abathandathu – uFrederick York St Leger, uHalley, uRichard, Violet, uOlive kunye noJohannes Gutenberg. Wasutywa kukufa ngenxa yokungenwa [[yingqele]] ePimville, [[eGoli]] ngomhla we-19 kweSilimela, ngo-1932, eminyaka ingama-56, waangcwatyelwa eKimberley. Babengaphaya kwewaka abantu ababezimase loo mngcwabo.{{sfn|Willan|1984|p=389}}

== Imbeko awayinikwayo nomzila awawushiyayo ==

* Ngo-1935: kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuba eswelekile, ilitye lesikhumbuzo lalakhewe phezu kwengcwaba lakhe uPlaatje linombhalo othi: &quot;''I Khutse Morolong: Modiredi Wa Afrika – lala ngoxolo Morolong, siCaka saseAfrika''&quot;.{{sfn|Willan|1984|p=390}}

Kwaaqala kwadlula amashumi ngamashumi eminyaka phambi kokuba lo kaPlaatji anikwe iwonga elimfaneleyo. &quot;Inkoliso yezinto awazilwelayo zabekwa eaweni,&quot; ebhala ngobomi bakhe uBrian Willan, &quot;Ikamva lakhe negalelo lakhe kwezepolitiko beselisiya lilibaleka, imisebenzi yakhe awayibhalayo yaalahleka eminye yatshatyalaliswa, iincwadi zakhe ezapapashwayo azifundwa ubukhulu becala. Inoveli yakhe ethi''Mhudi'' ayikho kuluhlu lwencwadi ezingesithethe sakwantu, kwaye ithuba elide le ncwadi yayithathwa nje ngencwadi yeendaba zomgosi.&quot;{{sfn|Willan|1984|p=390}}

* Ngo-1970s: waqala ukuvela umdla kubuntatheli nokubhala kwakhe uPlaatjie kumsebenzi ka[[John Comaroff]] (owayehlela okubhaliweyo phambi kokuba kupapashwe ''Incwadana kaSol plaatjie engemilo yamaBhulu - The Boer War Diary of Sol T. Plaatje'',{{sfn|Plaatje|Comaroff|1973}} nakumsebenzi ka[[Tim Couzens]] no [[Stephen Gray (writer)|Stephen Gray]] (owazinika ithuba lokujongana nenoveli kaSol Plaatjie, ethi ''Mhudi''{{sfn|Couzens|1973}}{{sfn|Gray|1976}}{{sfn|Gray|1977}})
* Ngo-1978: inoveli ethi ''Mhudi'' yaapapashwa kwakhona phantsi kweliso lomhleli uStephen Gray&lt;ref&gt;Plaatje, Sol T. 1978 (1930). ''Mhudi''. Ed. Stephen Gray. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Books.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-1982: umsebenzi kaPlaatje phantsi kwesihloko esithi''Native Life in South Africa: Before and Since the European War and the Boer Rebellion'' (1916) waaphinde wapapashwa nguRavan Press.&lt;ref&gt;Plaatje, Sol T. ''Native Life in South Africa: Before and Since the European War and the Boer Rebellion''. Johannesburg: Ravan.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-1982: [[INtlangano yaBabhali baseAfrika]] yaabundukunya iziko lembasa yombongo kaPlaatji (ekunye nembasa yeDrama ka-H. I. E. R. R. R. Dhlomo kunye nembasa yeMbongi eng[[uSamuel Edward Krune Mqhayi|uS. E. K. Mqhayi]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theliteraturepolice.com/chronology/ The literature police: chronology]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-1984: UBrian Willan waapapasha imbali ngobomi bakhe, phantsi kwesihloko esithi''Sol Plaatje: South African Nationalist, 1876–1932''.{{sfn|Willan|1984}}
* Ngo-1991: [[Sol Plaatje Museum|iSol Plaatje Educational Trust and Museum]], yakhiwa kwikhaya likaPlaatje kwa-32 Angel Street, yaza yandiswa ukuze ivuleke, ngeenjongo zokwandisa imisebenzi yakhe yokubhala njengomzila awawushiyayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;education.gov.za&quot;&gt;[http://www.education.gov.za/TheDBE/SolPlaatjeHouse/tabid/442/Default.aspx Department of Basic Education: Sol Plaatje House: explanation written by Dr Karen Haire for the Sol Plaatje Educational Trust, 32 Angel Street, Kimberley, 8301], retrieved 26 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-1992: Lo mzi ukule dilesi ingasentla ethi 32 Angel Street in Kimberley, kulapho loo kaPlaatji wayichitha khona iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, waaphakanyiswa waza wemiswa njengesakhiwo sesizwe esisisikhumbuzo (kungoku nje liziko lamagugu amasiko nezithethe ephondweni).&lt;ref&gt;''Government Gazette of South Africa'', No. 14048, Pretoria: 19 June 1992.&lt;/ref&gt; Liyaqhuba ukuba l[[Sol Plaatje Museum|ithala leencwadi kwanemuiziyam kaSol Plaatje]], eqhutywa  ngabaququzeleli bengxowa-mali yezemfundo phantsi kwegama lika Plaatje, ngokweminikelo ngemali. Ngeminyaka yoo-2000 le ngxowa-mali kaSol Plaatje ipapashe  iimbali ngobomi bakhe uPlaatji, loo msebenzi usenziwa nguMaureen Rall{{sfn|Rall|2003}} noSabata-Mpho Mokae.{{sfn|Mokae|2010}}
* circa 1995: [[Sol Plaatje Local Municipality|UMasipala iSol Plaatje]] ([[Kimberley, Northern Cape|eKimberley]]) kwiPhondo lasemZantsi Afrika kwi[[Ntshona Kapa]] waathiywa ngoPlaatjie waba ke yindlela anikwa ngayo imbeko. 
* ngo-1998: kumsitho owawubanjiwe egameni likaPlaatjie, apho waathiwa jize ngewonga elikwinqanaba lesidanga sobugqirha elinikezwa abangasekhoyo, ngelimnika imbeko yakhe, msebenzi lowo owenziwa yi[[YiYunivesithi yaseMntla-Ntshona]], phambi kwesizukulwana sakhe esasikho kuloo msitho.&lt;ref name=&quot;web._Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
| title = Posthumous doctorate for Plaatje
| last = Reeves | first = Jacqui
| work = [[The Star (South Africa)|The Star]]
| date = 24 April 1998
| accessdate = 20 August 2015
| archive-date =16 November 2007
|url = http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/plaatje/star980424.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071116190918/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/plaatje/star980424.html
| language = 
| via= [[African National Congress]]
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-1998: Ingcwaba likaPlaatjie kwisakhiwo samangcwaba asekuPheleni kweNtshona, eKimberley, lamiswa njengesikhumbuzo sesizwe (kungoku nje ligugu lamasiko nezithethe kwakweli phondo lomNtla-Ntshona).&lt;ref&gt;Government Gazette of South Africa, No. 18694, Pretoria: 27 February 1998.&lt;/ref&gt; Eli lingcwaba lesibini kwimbali yasemZantsi Afrika ukuwongwa ngesikhumbuzo kwinqanaba lesizwe. &lt;ref&gt;''Diamond Fields Advertiser'', Wednesday, 17 October 2001, &quot;Tsala ea Batho&quot;, Kimberley, p. 10.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-2000: Umpapashi wemigodi yedayimani wenza umsitho wokunikezela ngeMbasa yesiKhumbuzo sikaSol Plaatjie ukunika imbeka qho ngonyaka, abafundi bebanga lematriki abathe bagqwesa kwizifundo zolwimi lwesiTswana nolwesiNgesi kumNtla-Kapa. Abafundi bokuqala ukufumana le mbasa yaba nguClaire Reddie (kwisiNgesi) kunye noNeo Molefi (kwiSetswana).&lt;ref&gt;''Diamond Fields Advertiser''. Wednesday 17 October 2001, &quot;Tsala ea Batho&quot;, Kimberley, p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2000: Isakhiwo sesebe lezeMfundo esisePitoli saathiywa ngakutsha njengengomzi iSol Plaatje House, ngomhla we-15 kweyeSilimela ngo-2000, &quot;ngelinika imbeko kwesi sithwangube sezopolitiko netitshala egqibeleleyo.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;education.gov.za&quot;/&gt;
* Ngo-2000: Iposi yasemZantsi Afrika yaakhupha uthotho lwezitampu ezazinomfanekiso yababhali be[[Mfazwe yamabhulu]], loo mifanekiso yayinoPlaatjie ibonakala kwisitampu sexabiso elili-1.30 ngokwe[[mZantsi Afrika|Randi]]. Olu ludwe lukwabandakanya uNkosi[[Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[Winston Churchill]], [[Johanna Brandt]] nembasa yemfazwe phakathi kwamaNgesi namaBhulu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.trussel.com/detfic/safrica.htm Anglo-Boer War Writers – stamps], Trussel.com.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-2000: Umbutho kaKhongolose yaaqala imbasa engegama likaSol Plaatje, enye yeembasa ezikhutshwa qho ngonyaka ikhutshelwa ngengeenjongo zokukhuthaza abo bathe baphumelela. Le mbasa kaSol plaatjie ijolise kweyona ngingqi okanye isebe le-ANC elithe lagqwesa ngokwenza kakuhle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130803053832/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=2746 ANC Annual Achievement Awards.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803053832/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=2746 |date=3 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-2002: Iziko lobunkokheli bosasazo lweSol Plaatjie laayilwa kwiYunivesithi yaseRhodes, kwizifundo zecandelo lezobuntatheli nosasazo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131115115301/http://www.ru.ac.za/jms/projects/solplaatjeinstitute/ Sol Plaatje Institute] retrieved 10 August 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-2005: idami i-Saulspoort laphinda lathiywa ngakutsha kwathiwa lidami i-Sol Plaatje, although not in honour of Sol Plaatje the man but in remembrance of 41 Sol Plaatje Municipal workers drowned in a bus disaster there on 1 May 2003.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.is/20140302085603/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=60794 ''Government Gazette, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA'', Vol. 478, Pretoria, 1 April 2005, No. 27408]; retrieved 16 August 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180812114601/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Drama-at-bus-tragedy-service-20030505 Drama at bus tragedy service] News24.com, 5 May 2003; retrieved 16 August 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007: the [[Sol Plaatje Prize for Translation]] was instituted by the English Academy of South Africa, awarded bi-annually for translation of prose or poetry into English from any of the other South African official languages.
* 2009: the Sol Plaatje Power Station at the [[Sol Plaatje Dam]] was commissioned – the first commercial small hydro power station constructed in South Africa in 22 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.infrastructurene.ws/2012/05/02/151/ |title=Infrastructure news Article |publisher=Infrastructure news |accessdate=11 October 2012 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012191407/http://www.infrastructurene.ws/2012/05/02/151/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehemhydro.co.za/docs/Bethlehem_Hydro_Brochure_10.pdf |title=Bethlehem Hydro Brochure |publisher=Bethlehem Hydro |format=PDF |accessdate=10 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129073602/http://www.bethlehemhydro.co.za/docs/Bethlehem_Hydro_Brochure_10.pdf |archivedate=29 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: Sol Plaatje was honoured in the Posthumous Literary Award given by the [[South African Literary Awards (SALA)|South African Literary Awards]].
* 2010: the first Plaatje Festival, held in [[Mahikeng]], hosted by the North West Province Departments of Sport, Arts and Culture and of Education, on 5 and 6 November 2010. It brought together Plaatje and Molema descendants, poets, journalists, scholars, language practitioners, educators, and learners, who &quot;paid tribute to this brilliant Setswana man of letters.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;education.gov.za&quot;/&gt;
* 2010: a statue of Sol Plaatje, seated and writing at a desk, was unveiled in Kimberley by South African President [[Jacob Zuma]] on 9 January 2010, the 98th anniversary of the founding of the [[African National Congress]]. By sculptor [[Johan Moolman]], it was erected at Kimberley's Civic Centre, formerly the Malay Camp, and situated approximately where Plaatje had his printing press in 1910 – 13.&lt;ref&gt;Plaatje Statue unveiled, ''Diamond Fields Advertiser'', 11 January 2010, p. 6. (Contrary to ''Sunday Argus'' and ''Independent on Line'' reports [10 January 2010, at 12:42PM] suggesting that this took place in Cape Town.)&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: the European Union Sol Plaatje Poetry Competition was inaugurated, honouring &quot;the spirit of the legendary intellectual giant, Sol Plaatje, the activist, linguist and translator, novelist, journalist and leader.&quot; Winners' work has been published in an annual anthology since the competition's inauguration.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150504173542/http://www.jacana.co.za/sol-plaatje-european-union-poetry-award-95444/the-sol-plaatje-european-union-poetry-anthology-2011-detail Sol Plaatje European Union Poetry Anthology.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504173542/http://www.jacana.co.za/sol-plaatje-european-union-poetry-award-95444/the-sol-plaatje-european-union-poetry-anthology-2011-detail |date=4 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012: Seetsele Modiri Molema's ''Lover of his people: a biography of Sol Plaatje'' was published. Translated and edited by D. S. Matjila and Karen Haire, the manuscript, ''Sol T. Plaatje: Morata Wabo'', dating from the 1960s, was the first Plaatje biography written in his mother tongue, [[Setswana]], and the only book-length biography written by someone who actually knew Plaatje.{{sfn|Molema|2012}}
* 2013: the naming of the [[Sol Plaatje University]] in Kimberley, which opened in 2014, was announced by President [[Jacob Zuma]] on 25 July 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;polity.org.za&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181206033058/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/New-universities-names-revealed-20130725 &quot;New universities' names revealed&quot;], ''News24'', 25 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngo-2013: ithala leencwadi laseUNISA kwingingqi yaseFlorida lathiywa ngakutsha ngegama likaSol Plaatjie, unveiled on 30 July 2013.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unisa.ac.za/news/index.php/2013/08/all-in-the-name-of-science-science-campus-buildings-renamed/ All in the name of science: campus buildings renamed]; retrieved 16 August 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Izikolo zase[[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] nase[[Mahikeng]] zithiywe ngegama likaSol Plaatjie.

== Iincwadi neminye imisebenzi awayibhala ngokwakhe ==
{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1= Plaatje|first1=Solomon Tshekisho |first2=John L. |last2=Comaroff |title=The Boer War Diary of Sol T. Plaatje: an African at Mafeking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-G50AAAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-86954-002-2|display-authors=0}} with [[John Comaroff|John L. Comaroff]]
* ''The Essential Interpreter'' (circa 1909) an essay
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last= Plaatje|first=Solomon Tshekisho |title=Mhudi, an epic of South African native life a hundred years ago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to4dAAAAMAAJ|year=1930|publisher=Negro Universities Press|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last= Plaatje|first=Sol (Solomon Tshekisho) |title=Native Life in South Africa|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1452|year=1916|publisher=P. S. King and Son Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-3-8491-6441-6|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last= Plaatje|first=Solomon T. |title=Sechuana Proverbs, with Literal Translations and Their European Equivalents,... by Solomon T. Plaatje,...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_V4QwAACAAJ|year=1916|publisher=K. Paul, Trench, Trubner and Company|display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1= Jones|first1=Daniel |last2=Plaatje|first2=Salomon Tshekisho |title=A Sechuana Reader in International Phonetic Orthography: (with English Translations)|publisher=Arts &amp; Culture Trust|url=https://archive.org/details/sechuanareaderin00joneuoft|year=1916|display-authors=0}}
* ''Bantu Folk-Tales and Poems''

{{refend}}

== Iincwadi ezazibhalwe ngesiNgesi waza waziguqulela kwisiTswana ==
{{refbegin}}

* ''Dikhontsho tsa bo-Juliuse Kesara'' – ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]''{{sfn|Midgley|1997|p=15}}
* ''Diphosho-phosho'' – ''[[The Comedy of Errors]]''{{sfn|Midgley|1997|p=17}}

{{refend}}
Both of these were called &quot;remarkably good&quot; translations in a 1949 study.{{sfn|Hellmann|Abrahams|1949|p=601|here: R.H. W. Shepherd: African Literature}}

== Imisebenzi ekusekelwe kuwo eli phepha ==
{{Reflist|3}}
{{refbegin|2}}

* {{cite book|ref=harv|editor1-last=Hellmann|editor1-first=Ellen |editor2-last=Abrahams|editor2-first=Leah |title=Handbook on Race Relations in South Africa. Published for the South African Institute of Race Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCEQMwEACAAJ|year=1949|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Cape Town}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Midgley|first=Peter |title=Sol Plaatje: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yIgAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=[[National English Literary Museum]]|location=[[Grahamstown]]|isbn=978-1-874941-12-5}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Mokae|first=Sabata-mpho|title=The Story of Sol T. Plaatje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IgyLZwEACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Sol Plaatje Educational Trust|isbn=978-0-9814236-3-0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Molema|first=S. M.|editor=D. S. Matjila &amp; K. Haire|title=Lover of His People: A Biography of Sol Plaatje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1VPlAEACAAJ|year=2012|isbn=978-1-86814-601-7}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Plaatje|first1=Solomon Tshekisho |first2=John L. |last2=Comaroff|authorlink2=John Comaroff|title=The Boer War Diary of Sol T. Plaatje: an African at Mafeking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-G50AAAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-86954-002-2}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Plaatje|first=Sol (Solomon Tshekisho)|title=Native Life in South Africa|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1452|year=1998 |publisher=P. S. King and Son Ltd|location=London|isbn=978-3-8491-6441-6}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Rall|first=Maureen |title=Peaceable Warrior: The Life and Times of Sol T. Plaatje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2oxAQAAIAAJ |year=2003|publisher=Sol Plaatje Educational Trust}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Van Wyk|first=Chris |title=Sol Plaatje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UotZ6YAyMroC|year=2003|publisher=Awareness Publishing|isbn=978-1-919910-82-6}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Willan|first=Brian |title=Sol Plaatje, South African Nationalist, 1876–1932|url=https://archive.org/details/solplaatjesoutha0000will|url-access=registration|year=1984|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|isbn=978-0-520-05334-2}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Willan|first=Brian |title=Sol Plaatje: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MM9BAAAAYAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Ravan|location=Johannesburg|isbn=978-0-86975-252-4}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Couzens|first1=T. J.|title=The Dark Side of the World: Sol Plaatje's ''Mhudi''|journal=English Studies in Africa|volume=14|issue=2|year=1971|pages=187–203|issn=0013-8398|doi=10.1080/00138397108690662}}
* {{Cite journal

| last       =Couzens
| first      =T.J.
| author =
| year       =1973
| title      =Sol Plaatje's ''Mhudi''
| journal =Journal of Commonwealth Literature
| publisher  =
| publication-place =
| url        =
| volume=8
| issue=1
| page =
| ref          = harv
| author-mask=1
}}

*---Couzens, Tim. 1987. Sol T. Plaatje and the First South African Epic. ''English in Africa'' 14: 41-65.

* {{Citation

| last       =Gray
| first      =Stephen
| author =
| year       =1976
| title      =Sources of the first black South African novel in English
| publisher  =Munger Africana Notes
| publication-place =
| page       =
| url        =http://authors.library.caltech.edu/25684/1/MALN_37.pdf
| format = pdf
| accessdate =
| ref          = harv
}}

* {{Cite journal

| last       =Gray
| first      =Stephen
| author =
| year       =1977
| title      =Sources of the first black South African novel in English
| publisher  =Institute for the Study of English in Africa, [[Rhodes University]]
| publication-place = [[Grahamstown]]
| jstor        =40238385
| volume=4
| issue=1
| pages = 1–6
| ref          = harv
| author-mask=1
}}
{{refend}}

{{commons category|Sol Plaatje}}
{{Portal|South Africa|Biography|Education|Christianity}}

== Okunye emakufundwe ==
{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Chrisman|first=Laura |title=Rereading the Imperial Romance: British Imperialism and South African Resistance in Haggard, Schreiner, and Plaatje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFAOnwEACAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Clarendon|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-812299-9}}
* De Villiers, G.E. 2000. ''Servant of Africa. The life and times of Sol T Plaatje''. Pretoria: Stimela.
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Midgley|first=Peter|editor=Paul A. Scanlon|title=Dictionary of Literary Biography: South African writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCkuRAAACAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Gale Group|location=Detroit|isbn=978-0-7876-3134-5|chapter=South African Writers|p=346–357}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Pampallis|first=John |title=Sol Plaatje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBIwAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Maskew Miller Longman|location=Cape Town|isbn=978-0-636-01658-3}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Plaatje|first=Solomon Tshekisho |editor=Brian Willan|title=Selected writings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxxzAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Witswatersrand University Press|location=Johannesburg|isbn=978-1-86814-303-0}}
* Willan, Brian. 2018. ''Sol Plaatje – A life of Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje 1876–1932.'' Johannesburg: Jacana Media. In USA, Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.

{{refend}}

== Uxhumano lwangaphandle ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213071027/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/mafikeng/sol_plaatje.html A biography] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120805182337/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/mafikeng/sol_plaatje_chronology.html chronology of his life]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Plaatje,+Sol.+T.+(Solomon+Tshekisho)}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=1452|name=Native Life in South Africa}}
* Audio Recordings: [https://web.archive.org/web/20201025105909/https://samap.ukzn.ac.za/audio-people/plaatjesol-t Audio from South African Music Archive Project], [https://web.archive.org/web/20170910173135/http://www.flatinternational.org/template_list.php?Artist_Name=PLAATJE info]

{{African National Congress Leaders|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plaatje, Sol}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1932 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Tokologo Local Municipality]]
[[Category:South African Tswana people]]
[[Category:South African Christians]]
[[Category:African National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:South African journalists]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in South Africa]]
[[Category:Proverb scholars]]
[[Category:Tswana-language writers]]
[[Category:Translators of William Shakespeare]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Luthuli]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bushra razack</title>
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      <text bytes="2682" sha1="4r373ro1yk6fgmei46gkbqnhl0nk28v" xml:space="preserve">UBushra Razack yingcaphephe yophuhliso loluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika kwaye ukwangummeli wotshintsho kunye noncedo loluntu olugxile ekubandakanyeni abachaphazelekayo. Wazalelwa kwiphondo laseNtshona Koloni, [[eMzantsi Afrika]] waza wafunda kumabanga aphakamileyo [[eLadysmith]], [[Kwazulu-Natal]] nalapho athe waphumelela ibanga leshumi ngo-2003 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://gsbberthacentre.uct.ac.za/about-us/team/bushra-razack/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2023-05-23 |archive-date=2023-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529035646/https://gsbberthacentre.uct.ac.za/about-us/team/bushra-razack/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ngokukhula kwakhe ==
UBushra wakhula kunye nabanye abantwana abangama-70 kwikhaya leenkedama kwaye ukususela emncinci wafunda ukubaluleka kokubuyisela okanye ukunikela. Ungumbhali ngokubambisana wencwadi ebizwa, 'Rescue Mission', eyayiyenye yeencwadi eziphonononga ulutsha zeMillennium Development Goals yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ezithiwe thaca kwiNkomfa yeHlabathi yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo &lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/news24/community-newspaper/city-vision/its-an-ongoing-process-hub-empowers-local-community-20221020&lt;/ref&gt;, ikomkhulu laseRhawutini. , Mzantsi Afrika. Umsebenzi wakhe noPeace Child, umbutho weembacu osebenzela ukuxhobisa ulutsha ngophuhliso olukhokelwa lulutsha[2] kunye nokunciphisa intlupheko, wamsa kumazwe afana neMorocco, [[Egypt]], [[Serbia]], [[India]], [[Canada]] kunye neSkotlani ngethuba esafunda. Emva kwezifundo zakhe uchithe iminyaka emithathu esenza izicwangciso zokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwizibhedlele zokhathalelo lwamehlo eKenya naseCameroon. Amava akhe ophuhliso abandakanya ukusebenza ne-Standard Chartered Bank kunye neprojekthi yabo ye-Global Seeing is Believing, i-CBM, i-UNOCHA (i-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoLungelelaniso lweMicimbi yoLuntu), kunye ne-Right to Sight International (uNxibelelwano phakathi koMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kunye ne-International Organization for the Ukuthintelwa kobumfama. UBushra ufumana inkuthazo kubantu asebenza nabo kwiindawo ezifana noMitchells Plain, [[Cape Flats]] nasePhilippi kwiphondo laseNtshona Koloni eMzantsi Afrika.Kungoku nje ungumphathi wePhilippi Village [[ePhilippi]] &lt;ref&gt;https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/publicity/153827/philippi-village-and-global-freedom-fellowship-partner-to-build-safer-communities&lt;/ref&gt;, iziko elidala amathuba emisebenzi nokukhuthaza. amalungu oluntu lwendawo, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye ibe yindawo edlamkileyo nekhuselekileyo yengxoxo yoluntu kushishino, ubugcisa, inkcubeko kunye nenkqubo yemfundo.&lt;ref&gt;https://impactsa.co.za/will-smart-townships-and-informal-settlements-bridge-the-digital-divide/&lt;/ref&gt;

== iSalathiso ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>IDourados Atlético Clube</title>
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      <text bytes="3456" sha1="mu7qkdf90fzwovrjqg6rj20rl2dlhfl" xml:space="preserve">'''IDourados Atlético Clube''' liqela [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|lebhola ekhatywayo]] elizinze eDourados, kwiphondo lase Mato Grosso do Sul. Yasekwa ngoDisemba 20, 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=01/03/2021|title=Dourados bate Aquidauanense na estreia do Estadual|url=https://www.douradosnews.com.br/noticias/esportes/campeao-da-serie-b-dourados-bate-aquidauanense-na-estreia-do-estadual/1149262/|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=Dourados News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kamila Rios|date=01/03/2021|title=Time douradense estreia campeonato estadual com vitória|url=https://www.progresso.com.br/esporte/time-douradense-estreia-campeonato-estadual-com-vitoria/379922/|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=O Progresso|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414102602/https://www.progresso.com.br/esporte/time-douradense-estreia-campeonato-estadual-com-vitoria/379922/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngabantu belizwe ababefuna ukuhlangula ibhola edolophini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Débora Oliveira|date=11/02/2021|title=Dourados A.C estreia no Estadual de olho na Série A|url=https://www.esporteagil.com.br/noticias/futebol/dourados_a_c_estreia_no_estadual_de_olho_na_serie_a|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=Esporte Ágil|archive-date=2021-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210181311/https://www.esporteagil.com.br/noticias/futebol/dourados_a_c_estreia_no_estadual_de_olho_na_serie_a|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iklabhu yaqala ngokuphumelela [[Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense de Futebol - Série B|icandelo lesibini likarhulumente]] ngo-2020 ingoyiswanga &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lucas Castro|date=01/03/2021|title=Estadual de Futebol 2021: Campeão da Série B, Dourados bate Aquidauanense na estreia; Águia Negra só empata em casa|url=https://www.fundesporte.ms.gov.br/estadual-de-futebol-2021-campeao-da-serie-b-dourados-bate-aquidauanense-na-estreia-aguia-negra-so-empata-em-casa/|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=Fundesporte}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nyelder Rodrigues|date=24/02/2021|title=Estreante, Dourados goleia por 5 a 0 e conquista a Série B do Estadual|url=https://www.campograndenews.com.br/esportes/estreante-dourados-goleia-por-5-a-0-e-conquista-a-serie-b-do-estadual|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=Campo Grande News|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728052525/https://www.campograndenews.com.br/esportes/estreante-dourados-goleia-por-5-a-0-e-conquista-a-serie-b-do-estadual|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gabriel Neri|date=25/02/2021|title=Dourados Atlético Clube é campeão da Série B de MS|url=https://www.esporteagil.com.br/noticias/futebol/dourados_atletico_clube_e_campeao_da_serie_b_de_ms|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=Esporte Ágil|archive-date=2021-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419094804/https://www.esporteagil.com.br/noticias/futebol/dourados_atletico_clube_e_campeao_da_serie_b_de_ms|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kunyaka olandelayo, Ibiyimbaleki kwicandelo lokuqala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rogério Vidmantas|date=23/05/2021|title=Dourados vence Operário e fica com vice-campeonato estadual|url=https://capitalnews.com.br/esporte/dourados-vence-operario-e-fica-com-vice-campeonato-estadual/357396|accessdate=10/10/2022|publisher=Capital News|archive-date=2021-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009114823/https://capitalnews.com.br/esporte/dourados-vence-operario-e-fica-com-vice-campeonato-estadual/357396|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Troféu Inconfidência</title>
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      <text bytes="3738" sha1="r0y48riig01mqt32ey7qrea54ffavya" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football tournament|name=Troféu Inconfidência|organiser=[[Federação Mineira de Futebol|FMF]]|founded=2020|abolished=|region=[[Minas Gerais]], [[Brazil]]|number of teams=4|related comps=[[Campeonato Mineiro]]|current champions=[[Athletic Club (MG)|Athletic]] (1st title)|most successful club=5 clubs (1 title each)|broadcasters=}}I '''-Troféu Inconfidência''' yitumente eququzelelwa yi- [[Federação Mineira de Futebol]].

== Igama ==
Igama lokhuphiswano limbeko kwintshukumo ye-Inconfidência Mineira .

== Isiqinisekiso ==
Idibanisa iiklabhu kwakhona abafanelekile phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-8 isikhundla kwinqanaba lokuqala le[[Campeonato Mineiro|Campeonato Mineiro - ''Módulo I.'']]

== Ukufaneleka ==
Itumente isebenza njengomdlali ofanelekileyo kwiCampeonato [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série D|Brasileiro Série D.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 October 2019|title=Mineiro 2020 volta a ter só quatro classificados; Troféu Inconfidência e Recopa são novidades|url=https://www.itatiaia.com.br/noticia/|accessdate=31 July 2022|publisher=Rádio Itatiaia|language=pt|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119143748/http://www.itatiaia.com.br/noticia|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uluhlu lweentshatsheli ==
Okulandelayo luluhlu nazo zonke iintshatsheli zeTroféu Inconfidência. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minas Gerais - Inconfidencia Cup - List of champions|url=https://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablessz/screcopa.htm|accessdate=27 August 2022|publisher=RSSSF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-left:1em;&quot;
! style=&quot;width:70px&quot; |Ixesha lonyaka
! style=&quot;width:200px&quot; | Iintshatsheli
! style=&quot;width:200px&quot; | Abaphumelele iimbaleki
|-
| 2020
| [[Uberlândia Esporte Clube|e-Uberlandia]] (1)
| [[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Cruzeiro]]
|-
| 2021
| [[Pouso Alegre Futebol Clube|UPouso Alegre]] (1)
| [[União Recreativa dos Trabalhadores|URT]]
|-
| 2022
| [[Esporte Clube Democrata|IDemocrata]] [[Urhuluneli uValadares|(GV)]] (1)
| [[Tombense Futebol Clube|Tombense]]
|-
| 2023
| [[Tombense Futebol Clube|UTombense]] (1)
| [[Villa Nova Atlético Clube|Villa Nova]]
|-
| 2024
| [[Iklabhu yeembaleki (MG)|Athletic]] (1)
| [[Pouso Alegre Futebol Clube|Pouso Alegre]]
|}

; Amanqaku

* Kwi-2020 edition, [[Cruzeiro EC|i-Cruzeiro EC]] yenqaba ukudlala ngokumelene [[Uberlândia EC|ne-Uberlândia EC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FMF cancela Troféu Inconfidência, Cruzeiro abre mão de título, e Uberlândia é declarado campeão|url=https://ge.globo.com/mg/futebol/campeonato-mineiro/noticia/fmf-cancela-trofeu-inconfidencia-cruzeiro-abre-mao-de-titulo-e-uberlandia-e-declarado-campeao.ghtml|accessdate=8 January 2022|website=Globoesporte|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uberlândia Esporte recebe taça de campeão do Troféu Inconfidência|url=https://ge.globo.com/mg/triangulo-mineiro/futebol/times/uberlandia/noticia/uberlandia-esporte-recebe-taca-de-campeao-do-trofeu-inconfidencia.ghtml|accessdate=8 January 2022|website=Globoesporte|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izihloko ngeqela ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Irenki
! style=&quot;width:150px&quot; | Iklabhu
! Abaphumeleleyo
! Iminyaka yokuwina
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | 1
| [[Iklabhu yeembaleki (MG)|Athletic]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | 1
| 2024
|-
| [[Esporte Clube Democrata|IDemocrata]] [[Urhuluneli uValadares|(GV)]]
| 2022
|-
| [[Pouso Alegre Futebol Clube|Pouso Alegre]]
| 2021
|-
| [[Tombense Futebol Clube|Tombense]]
| 2023
|-
| [[Uberlândia Esporte Clube|e-Uberlandia]]
| 2020
|}

== Amakhonkco angaphandle ==

* {{In lang|pt}} [http://www.fmf.com.br/ FMF official website]

== Iimbekiselo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}{{Football in Minas Gerais}}{{Football in Brazil}}
[[Category:Ukhuphiswano lwebhola eMinas Gerais]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Recopa Mineira</title>
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{{Infobox football tournament|name=Recopa Mineira|organiser=[[Federação Mineira de Futebol|FMF]]|founded=2021|abolished=|region=[[Minas Gerais]], [[Brazil]]|number of teams=2|related comps=[[Campeonato Mineiro]] &lt;br&gt; [[Troféu Inconfidência]]|current champions=[[Athletic Club (MG)|Athletic]] (1st title)|most successful club=[[Tombense Futebol Clube|Tombense]] (2 titles)|broadcasters=}}I '''-Recopa Mineira''' yitumente [[Super cup|enkulu yendebe]] eququzelelwe [[Federação Mineira de Futebol|yiFederação Mineira de Futebol]] edibanisa kwakhona abaphumeleleyo [[Troféu Inconfidência|iTroféu Inconfidência]] kunye neqela elibekwe kakuhle elingekho [[Belo Horizonte|kwiBelo Horizonte]] kwisizini nganye [[Campeonato Mineiro|yeCampeonato Mineiro]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 October 2019|title=Mineiro 2020 volta a ter só quatro classificados; Troféu Inconfidência e Recopa são novidades|url=https://www.itatiaia.com.br/noticia/|accessdate=31 July 2022|publisher=Rádio Itatiaia|language=pt|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119143748/http://www.itatiaia.com.br/noticia|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uluhlu lweentshatsheli ==
Okulandelayo luluhlu kunye nazo zonke iintshatsheli zeRecopa Mineira. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minas Gerais Countryside Recopa - List of champions|url=https://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesfq/mgcamprecop.htm|accessdate=27 August 2022|publisher=RSSSF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=&quot;70&quot; |Unyaka
! width=&quot;180&quot; | Indawo (umhla)
! width=&quot;300&quot; | Intshatsheli
! width=&quot;150&quot; | Inqaku lokugqibela
! width=&quot;300&quot; | Abaphumelele iimbaleki
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 February 2021|title=Rubens decide, Tombense vence Uberlândia e conquista Recopa|url=https://ge.globo.com/mg/zona-da-mata-centro-oeste/futebol/campeonato-mineiro/jogo/20-02-2021/tombense-uberlandia.ghtml|accessdate=27 August 2022|website=Globoesporte|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Arena Independencia|Independencia]]&lt;small&gt;(20 Feb 2021)&lt;/small&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Tombense Futebol Clube|Tombense]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[2020 Campeonato Mineiro]] elona qela lasemaphandleni&lt;/small&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Uberlândia Esporte Clube|e-Uberlandia]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2020 [[Troféu Inconfidência]] abaphumeleleyo&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 January 2022|title=Tombense vence Pouso Alegre nos pênaltis e fatura o título da Recopa|url=https://www.mg.superesportes.com.br/app/noticias/futebol/interior/2022/01/26/noticia_interior,3957107/tombense-vence-pouso-alegre-nos-penaltis-e-fatura-o-titulo-da-recopa.shtml|accessdate=27 August 2022|website=Superesportes|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Almeidão (Minas Gerais)|Almeidão]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(26 Jan 2022)&lt;/small&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Tombense Futebol Clube|Tombense]]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;[[2021 Campeonato Mineiro]] elona qela lasemaphandleni&lt;/small&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1–1&lt;br /&gt; 6–5 ([[Ukudubula kwesohlwayo (ibhola ekhatywayo)|ipeni.]])
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Pouso Alegre Futebol Clube|Pouso Alegre]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2021 [[Troféu Inconfidência]] abaphumeleleyo&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 January 2023|title=ATHLETIC CLUB É O CAMPEÃO DA RECOPA MINEIRA DE 2022|url=https://radiosaojoaodelrei.com.br/2023/01/14/athletic-club-e-o-campeao-da-recopa-mineira-de-2022/|accessdate=21 February 2023|website=Rádio São João del Rey|language=pt|archive-date=13 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413134932/https://radiosaojoaodelrei.com.br/2023/01/14/athletic-club-e-o-campeao-da-recopa-mineira-de-2022/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Estadio Joaquim Portugal|Estádio Joaquim Portugal]]&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;(14 Jan 2023)&lt;/small&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Iklabhu yeembaleki (MG)|Athletic]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[2022 Campeonato Mineiro]] elona qela lasemaphandleni&lt;/small&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Esporte Clube Democrata|IDemocrata (GV)]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2022 [[Troféu Inconfidência]] abaphumeleleyo&lt;/small&gt;
|}

=== Izihloko ngeqela ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Irenki
! style=&quot;width:150px&quot; | Iklabhu
! Abaphumeleleyo
! Iminyaka yokuphumelela
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1
| [[Tombense Futebol Clube|Tombense]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2
| 2020, 2021
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2
| [[Iklabhu yeembaleki (MG)|Athletic]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1
| 2022
|}

== Iimbekiselo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Amakhonkco angaphandle ==

* {{In lang|pt}} [http://www.fmf.com.br/ FMF official website]
{{Football in Minas Gerais}}
[[Category:Ukhuphiswano lwebhola eMinas Gerais]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arlit</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="13417" sha1="cfkp2ls5uljxdifqn39u8mtvujck82j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement|official_name=Arlit|other_name=|image_skyline=MineArlit1.jpg|imagesize=280px|image_caption=The open pit Uranium Mine at Arlit|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Niger|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_mapsize=280|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Niger|pushpin_relief=1|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{NIG}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Niger|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Agadez Region]]|subdivision_type2=Seat|subdivision_name2=[[Arlit Department]]|established_title=|established_date=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|area_magnitude=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_total_km2=1,247|area_land_sq_mi=|area_land_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2012 census|population_footnotes=|population_total=112432|population_urban=|population_metro=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_km2=auto|timezone=|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=425|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code=|website=|footnotes=}}
[[File:Air_massif_sat_map_south.png|thumb|378x378px| Imephu yeentaba [[Iintaba zeAïr|zeAïr]] ezisemazantsi]]
'''I-Arlit''' yidolophu yemizi-mveliso kunye nekomkhulu leSebe [[Arlit Department|le-Arlit]] [[Ingingqi yeAgadez|loMmandla we-Agadez]] osemantla kumbindi [[Nayija|weNiger]], owakhiwe phakathi kweNtlango [[Intlango yeSahara|yeSahara]] kunye nomda osempuma [[Iintaba zeAïr|weentaba ze-Aïr]]. Ngama-200&amp;nbsp;iikhilomitha emazantsi ngendlela ukusuka kumda [[E-Algeria|weAlgeria]]. Ukusukela ngo-2012, i-commune ibinabantu bebonke be-79,725.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Arlit (Commune, Niger) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/niger/admin/arlit/NER001002001__arlit/|accessdate=2024-02-16|website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ishishini leUranium ==
Yasekwa ngo-1969 emva kokufunyanwa kwe[[I-uranium|-uranium]], ikhule malunga neshishini lemigodi, eliphuhliswe ngurhulumente [[Urhulumente waseFransi|waseFransi]]. [[Ukwembiwa kweUranium|Imigodi emibini emikhulu ye - uranium]], [[Arlit yam|eArlit]] kunye [[Akouta|neAkouta]] ekufutshane, ixhatshazwa [[Vula imigodi yemigodi|yimigodi evulekileyo ephezulu yemigodi]]. Omnye umgodi ovulekileyo wakhiwa ngo-1971 yiNkampani yeMigodi yeSizwe yaseNiger, [[SOMAIR|i-SOMAIR]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cogema.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=cogema_en/entite/entite_popup_template&amp;cid=1039473235338&amp;rendermode=liv Somair Company Profile].&lt;/ref&gt; Umgodi wesibini ovulekileyo womgodi, kunye nomgodi wesithathu [[Ukwembiwa kweUranium|ongaphantsi komhlaba]], wakhiwa yiFrench Compagnie Minière d'Akouta (okanye [[I-COMINAK|iCOMINAK]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Georges Capus, Pascal Bourrelier and Moussa Souley|year=2004|title=Uranium Mining in Niger; Status and Perspectives of a Top Five Producing Country|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/sym/2004/souley.htm|publisher=[[World Nuclear Association]]- N.B.: The WNA is a nuclear industry funded group}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yonke i-ore evela kuzo zombini ngoku iqhutywe kwaye ihanjiswe yinkampani yaseFransi [[Umjikelo weOrano|i-Orano Cycle]], ukubamba iqela le[[Orano|-Orano]], yona ngokwayo intsebenzo karhulumente ye-French ''Commissariat à l'énergie atomique'' (CEA). [[Amandla enyukliya eFransi|Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla enyukliya yaseFransi]], kunye nenkqubo [[IFransi kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya|yezixhobo zenyukliya yaseFransi]], ixhomekeke kwi-uranium yombiwa e-Arlit. [[Umjikelo weOrano|I-Orano Cycle]] yodwa iqeshe i-1600 yabemi bangaphandle kwisiza.&lt;ref&gt;according to ''[[Le Canard Enchaîné]]'' (3 August 2005)&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwi-2017, iitoni ze-2,116 ze-uranium zakhutshwa kwimigodi ye-Arlit&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Uranium Mining - World Nuclear Association|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwaye yathunyelwa eFransi ngelori kwizibuko [[Cotonou|laseCotonou]], [[Bhenin|eBénin]]. Kwincopho yayo kwiminyaka yoo-1980, i-40% yemveliso ye-uranium yaseNiger yavela kwi-Arlit, kwaye i-uranium imele i-90% ye-export yaseNiger (ngexabiso). Indlela enkulu yanamhlanje, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-''Uranium Highway'', yakhiwe ukuthutha i-uranium emazantsi, kodwa iye yadlula iidolophu ezininzi endleleni ([[In-Gall|i-In-Gall]] ngokomzekelo) kwaye itshintshe kakhulu inkqubo yezothutho yaseNiger.

=== I-Boom, i-bust kunye nokubuyisela ===
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, U-Arlit uhlaselwe kukuhla kwamaxabiso e-uranium ehlabathi, kwaye inani labasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe edolophini lehla laya kutsho kuma-700, ithontsi eliye laphindaphindeka kwishumi leminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-21. Ixabiso le-uranium &quot;boom&quot; yaseNiger ayizange iphinde ifumane umgangatho wayo we-1980s, ibangela ukugxothwa kunye nokubandezeleka kumashumi amawaka abantu baseNiger ababethontelana ukuya [[Idolophu yaseShanty|kwiidolophu ezinamatyotyombe]] ezingqonge iArlit.

Umsindo ngenxa yeziphumo zokudubula kweuranium, kunye nenkolelo yokuba eyona misebenzi ilungileyo iya kwabo basuka kumazantsi eNiger, yaba negalelo [[Imvukelo yaseTuareg (1990–1995)|kwimvukelo yeTuareg]] ye-1990s. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2007, abantu belizwe laseTuareg benze ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo lwengeniso kunye nemisebenzi kubantu basekhaya eyona mfuno iphambili.&lt;ref&gt;[ l'Humanite, ] June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwinqanaba le-macroeconomic, i-Arlit inokuthi ihlupheke [[isifo Dutch|kwisifo saseDatshi]], okanye isiqalekiso saseDatshi, isenzeko apho kugxininiswa ngokugqithisileyo kwicandelo elinye (elidla ngokuba sisixhobo esifunwa kakhulu njenge-oyile) lithintela uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwamanye amacandelo abalulekileyo kuqoqosho.

=== Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ===
Impembelelo kwimeko yendawo yeshishini lemigodi yase-Arlit iye yagxekwa yi-Afrika kunye ne-European Non-Governmental Organisations, kwaye [[Areva NC|i-Areva NC]] iye yatyholwa ngokukodwa ngokungakhathaleli impilo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo malunga nokusebenza kwayo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossiers2005/niger/somniger.html Le dossier sur la mine d'Arlit] de la [[CRIIRAD]]&lt;/ref&gt; [[IKomishini yoPhando oluZimeleyo kunye noLwazi ngeRadioactivity|IKomishoni ye-NGO yaseFransi yoPhando oluZimeleyo kunye noLwazi ngeRadioactivity]] ichaze iimfumba zenkunkuma yenyukliya engaphezulu kufutshane ne-Arlit njengengozi kunikezelo lwamanzi lwale ndawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;africanews-20230319&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=19 March 2023|title=French nuclear giant to explore potential of uranium deposit in Niger|work=Africanews|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/03/19/french-nuclear-giant-to-explore-potential-of-uranium-deposit-in-niger//|access-date=4 August 2023|archive-date=4 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804104702/https://www.africanews.com/2023/03/19/french-nuclear-giant-to-explore-potential-of-uranium-deposit-in-niger//|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== &quot;Yellowcake&quot; ingxabano ===
Kulwakhiwo lwemfazwe [[Imfazwe e-Iraq (2003)|e-Iraq]] bekukho [[Septemba Dossier|impikiswano ngezityholo ngezityholo]] ngo-2003 zokuba [[Saddam Hussein|uSaddam Hussein]] ibifuna ukuthenga iuranium kwiArlit.

== Abafuduki kunye nabaphambukeli ==
[[File:Niger,_Arlit_(18),_street_scene.jpg|right|thumb| Indawo yesitalato eArlit]]
I-Arlit iphuhlise isiseko sehlabathi sokuqala kunye nesikhululo seenqwelomoya ukuze sikhonze abasebenzi baseYurophu kunye neentsapho zabo, kwaye iye yaba yindawo yokuthutha abaphambukeli abangekho mthethweni abazama ukuya eAlgeria, kwaye ukusuka apho, [[Fransi|eFransi]].

== Isiseko somkhosi ==
I-United States isebenze isiseko somkhosi e-Arlit ukususela malunga no-2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Taub|first=Ben|date=January 28, 2018|title=Ben Taub on Twitter: &amp;quot;Secret military base near Arlit, Niger, revealed as a white dot in a sea of black, because Western soldiers didn't turn off their Fitbits|url=https://twitter.com/bentaub91/status/957646805767983104|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128235023/https://twitter.com/bentaub91/status/957646805767983104|archive-date=28 January 2018|accessdate=25 August 2020|publisher=[[Twitter]] via the [[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Müller-Jung|first=Friederike|date=November 23, 2016|title=US drone war expands to Niger|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=http://www.dw.com/en/us-drone-war-expands-to-niger/a-36498052|quote=An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=David|last2=Bavier|first2=Joe|title=U.S. deaths in Niger highlight Africa military mission creep|work=[[Reuters]]|editor-last=Boulton|editor-first=Ralph|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-africa-security/u-s-deaths-in-niger-highlight-africa-military-mission-creep-idUSKBN1CB2J1|quote=In missions run out of a base in the northern Niger town of Arlit and others like the one that led to the ambush of U.S. troops, sources say they have helped local troops and intelligence agents make several arrests.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ezothutho ==
IArlit ibonelelwa [[Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseArlit|yiArlit Airport]].

== Kwinkcubeko eyaziwayo ==
Kwi-2005 umenzi wefilimu [[Bhenin|waseBeninese]], [[Idrissou Mora-Kpai|u-Idrissou Mora-Kpai]], yavelisa kwaye yalathisa ifilimu ''[https://idrimora.com/projects/arlit/ Arlit, deuxième Paris]'' (Arlit, iParis yesiBini) malunga noluntu olukhulu lwangaphandle edolophini.

Ngo-2007 i-Andersen Press yapapasha 'Iyelenqe le-Yellowcake', inoveli yombhali wabantwana waseBritane [[UStephen Mark Davies|uStephen Davies]]. Le noveli yintlola eyonwabisayo hlala kwaye ujikeleze umgodi we-Arlit.

== Ijoloji ==
Ngaphezulu kwe-25 idiphozithi ye-uranium ivela ngaphakathi kwe[[I-Mississippian (ijoloji)|-Mississippian]] ukuya kwi[[I-Cretaceous|-Cretaceous]] age [[Ilitye lentlabathi|sandstones]]. Iimpawu eziphambili zesakhiwo yi-Arlit [[Impazamo (igeology)|Fault]], kunye [[Ungenelelo (geology)|nokungena]] kunye [[Ring dike|ne-ring dikes]] ukusuka kwi-480 ukuya kwi-145 [[Megaannum|Ma]] ubudala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Nash|first=J. Thomas|title=Volcanogenic Uranium Deposits: Geology, Geochemical Processes, and Criteria for Resource Management|date=2010|publisher=USGA|location=Reston|page=36}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imozulu ==
IArlit inemozulu [[Imozulu eshushu eyomileyo|eshushu eyomileyo]] (''BWh'' phantsi [[Inkqubo yokuhlelwa kwemozulu yaseKöppen-Geiger|kwenkqubo yeKöppen-Geiger]].){{Weather box|metric first=yes|single line=yes|location=Arlit|Jan high C=26.9|Feb high C=30.1|Mar high C=34.3|Apr high C=38.6|May high C=41.2|Jun high C=41.5|Jul high C=39.8|Aug high C=38.6|Sep high C=39|Oct high C=37|Nov high C=32.3|Dec high C=28.4|Jan mean C=18.8|Feb mean C=21.7|Mar mean C=25.9|Apr mean C=30.5|May mean C=33.4|Jun mean C=34.2|Jul mean C=32.8|Aug mean C=31.9|Sep mean C=31.8|Oct mean C=29.3|Nov mean C=24.2|Dec mean C=20.5|Jan low C=10.8|Feb low C=13.3|Mar low C=17.5|Apr low C=22.4|May low C=25.7|Jun low C=27|Jul low C=25.9|Aug low C=25.3|Sep low C=24.6|Oct low C=21.6|Nov low C=16.1|Dec low C=12.7|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=0|Feb rain mm=0|Mar rain mm=0|Apr rain mm=1|May rain mm=1|Jun rain mm=5|Jul rain mm=11|Aug rain mm=18|Sep rain mm=5|Oct rain mm=0|Nov rain mm=0|Dec rain mm=0|source 1=''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: {{convert|429|m|ft|0|disp=or}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate-Data.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Climate: Arlit – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3464/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=3 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Bona kwakho ==

* [[UQoqosho lwaseNiger]]
* [[Idabi laseAgadez kunye neArlit]]

== Iimbekiselo ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Amakhonkco angaphandle ==

* Website and photos of the town (in French) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)
* Rejets de la mine d'uranium d'Arlit, massif de l'Aïr, Niger (19°00' N – 7°38' E) (in French) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)
* agadez.org page on Arlit (in French) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex).
* Mines d'uranium au Niger : Un scandale nommé COGEMA (in French) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex): Le nucléaire, l'uranium et l' &quot;indépendance énergétique&quot; française (B. Belbéoch).
* La production d'Uranium au service du développement durable (in French) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex), on the official site of the [[Areva]] mining company.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171112053759/http://africanarguments.org/2017/07/18/a-forgotten-community-the-little-town-in-niger-keeping-the-lights-on-in-france-uranium-arlit-areva/ A forgotten community: The little town in Niger keeping the lights on in France]
* [http://maps.google.dk/maps?source=s_q&amp;hl=da&amp;geocode=&amp;q=trans-sahara+hwy&amp;sll=55.869147,11.228027&amp;sspn=7.157109,19.753418&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;radius=15000.000000&amp;split=1&amp;hq=trans-sahara+hwy&amp;hnear=&amp;ll=18.773065,7.33067&amp;spn=0.023567,0.038581&amp;t=h&amp;z=15 googlemaps]
{{Communes of Niger}}{{Authority control}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|18|44|N|7|23|E|region:NE_type:city|display=title}}
[[Category:Iindawo ezihlala abantu zasekwa ngo-1969]]
[[Category:Tuareg]]
[[Category:Imigodi eNiger]]
[[Category:Abahlali basezimayini eAfrika]]
[[Category:Ingingqi yeAgadez]]
[[Category:Uluntu lwaseNiger]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Onwaba Mleve: Umthungi Oyindumasi ngemithungo yakhe yeSintu</title>
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      <text bytes="5997" sha1="p2r0u0ug8l1v5n8jpxzxtx2helwua26" xml:space="preserve">'''U [https://www.zaziint.africa/ Onwaba Mleve]''' '''umthungi oyindumasi ngemithungo yakhe yeSintu,'''  yinzalelwane yase [[Cumakala]]''',''' kwiPhondo lase Mpuma Koloni, ungumthungi wempahla yesintu, amalaphu asetyenziswa ezibhedlele kunye nempahla yabantwana besikolo. Xa ebalisa kudliwano ndlebe lwakhe nequmrhu lendaba I GO &amp; Express uthi waqala iqumrhu elibizwa nge The Ark Foundation ngonyaka ka 2018 apho yena noongxa bakhe babethungela abantwana besikolo impahla yabo yesikolo simahla. Kwaze ekuhambeni kwexesha, yena negqiza lakhe baqalisa ukuthunga impahla yabantwana  besikolo ngamaxabiso afikelelakayo ukuze wonke umzali akwazi ukuthengela umntwana wakhe. Kuthe kusenjalo, babona negqiza lakhe ukuba mababuyele ekhaya bayokwakha imisebenzi baphulise izakhono zabantu bakubo, esosigqibo ke sikhatshwe kukwamnkela isipho sakhe sobugqirha, isipho eso  siye samkhanyisela ukuba avule ivenkile yeemphala zesintu, i [https://web.archive.org/web/20250214185806/https://www.zaziint.africa/ Zazi Holdings Factory]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mtwana|first=Faith|date=2023-08-10|title=Go People - Onwaba Mleve|url=https://www.goexpress.co.za/2023/08/10/go-people-onwaba-mleve/|accessdate=2025-06-24|website=GO! &amp; Express|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

I Zazi Holdings Factory inabasebenzi abangaphezulu kumashumi amahlanu, ngokokutsho kuka Onwaba, iimpahla zakhe ezibizwa ukuba yi “Zazi” zakhelwe phantsi kokuzazi umvelaphi yakho, uthi xa uyinxibile ikukhumbuze ubuwena, yenye yezinto ke eyenza ukuba impahla ka Onwaba inike umdla nakwezinye iintlanga ezingengo maXhosa. U Onwaba ubuyisa isidima sempahla yesintu eyayifudula ukunxitywa mhla-mnene kodwa yena uthi chatha iswekilana kuyo ukuze ilungele ukuba umntu angayinxiba nakweyiphi na indawo okanye itheko. Xa ebalisa intsusela yemithungo yakhe u Onwaba uthi, eminye yemithungo yakhe uvuka nayo ebuthongweni, ze eminye ayizotyelwe ngabethengi bakhe. Akuphelelanga apho ke, uthi ukwajonga nefashoni yeloxesha ze ahambelane nento ethabathe iintliziyo zabantu ayithunge. “U (Zazi) unxitywa nangubani na othanda isintu nobuyena bakhe, kunye nabani na othanda isinxibo sesintu esiphuculiweyo ngokwemo yelixesha, kufana nama Muslims, bona banxiba isintu sabo ngebhongo yonke imihla.  I Zazi yenza lonto kanye ukuba abantu bangabinantloni ukunxiba impahla yabo yesintu ngebhongo”, usthilo u Onwaba &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

=== '''Inzwakazi yase Cumakala iqaqambisa isakhono sayo kumnyhadala we[[fashoni]] e [[New York]]''' ===
Umthungi negqirhakazi u Onwaba Mleve wafumana umyalezo kwikhasi lakhe lika Instagram ngomnyhadala wefashoni ose New York ngonyaka ka 2024. Xa ethetha negqiza lentatheli zephepha ndaba I TimesLive uthi zange awukholelwe lomyalezo, wacela ukuba bamthumelele imbhalelwano ncwadi ngokusemthethweni kwidilesi yakhe yemfonomfono. Ngenene benze njalo, kulapho ke wakholelwa ubunyani besimemo sakhe sase New York. Noko kunjalo kange ayiginye ncam lento kuba engumthungi osemtsha ongazange waye kumzawe aphesheya, ukholwe xa ekhwela ibhaloni esingise kwelase France ukuba nyani iphupha lakhe liyafezeka. Eyonanto imchulumancilisayo  u Onwaba kukuba iZazi ikwazi ukumphilisa nokumphuhlisa ibe ngaxeshanye isakha imisebenzi eluntwini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=East London’s Zazi Fashion makes its debut during New York Fashion Week|language=en-ZA|work=TimesLIVE|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2024-02-09-east-londons-zazi-fashion-makes-its-debut-at-new-york-fashion-week/|access-date=2025-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Uthe xa ethetha nentatheili yephepha ndaba ngelithuba lihle kangaka, isiphonsakhe sikamoya siso esimkhanyiselayo ngemithungo yakhe nendela emakayihambe, neli ithuba kange alilimndele kodwa ngoba uhamba ngokukamoya uyakholwa ukuba ibilixa lokuba oku kwenzeka nangokuna kufike ngequbuliso kuye kwaye ebengekakulindeli. Zininzi izipho zikamoya kwaye zahlukile ngendlela yokusebenz,  esakhe isipho u Onwaba ukholelwa ukuba sesokuphilsa ngeemithungo yesintu ebuyisela ukuzazi emntwini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mtwana|first=Faith|date=2024-01-24|title=EL designer bringing traditional Xhosa look to New York catwalk|url=https://www.goexpress.co.za/2024/01/24/el-designer-bringing-traditional-xhosa-look-to-new-york-catwalk/|accessdate=2025-06-24|website=GO! &amp; Express|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

==== '''Ukuhlala kuwe nakwi Nkcubeko yakho''' ====
U Onwaba bubungqina bokuhlala kuwe nakwinkcubekho yakho ngemithungo yakhe iZazi, xa ethetha nejelo leendaba zika mabonakude I eNCA, uthe eyona mfihlelo yakhe kukuba moya mnye nemimoya yakubo, umdali nezihlwele kuba zizo ezimhlahlela indlela. Ubalulile nokuba xa ungusomashishini kufuneke ubeneqabane elikholelwa emsebenzini wakho ze likuxhase ngako konke. Imithungo ka Onwaba ihambelana nokuba umthengi wakhe ungumntu onjani na kodwa noko kunjalo akabushiyi ubuyena bakhe kumthungo ngamnye. Oludliwayo ndlebe belugxile kakhulu kwinyanga ye[https://www.gov.za/heritage-month-0#:~:text=September%20marks%20the%20annual%20Heritage,well%20as%20the%20popular%20memory. nkcubeko], u Onwaba ebelundwendwe olubonisa ukuba [[inkcubeko]] iyakwazi ukugcinwa nangesinxibo hayi ukuthetha nje kuphela. Impahla, imibala nokwenziwa kwayo iyakwazi ukubalisa ibali kwaye ifundise, owakhe ke umsebenzi u Onwaba  kukubalisa imbali nokugcina inkcubeko yamaXhosa ngemithungo yakhe etshatheleyo kwifashoni yesintu. U Onwaba ngomnye wabantu abatsha abakwicandelo le fashoni, hayi nje I fashoni kodwa ubizo lokuvuselela uku”Zazi” komntu ontsundu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=eNCA|date=2023-09-23|title=Entrepreneurship {{!}} Making traditional wear fashionable|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCmvqunNbiE}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;blockquote&gt;Uliqhawekazi elikhethiweyo ngabomoya ukuze ngayo imithungo yakho uphefumlele abo bangenaku’Zazi’, ulilitha elithe thaa, Inkanyezi ekhanyayo, ubuqaqawuli bayo bukhanyisa de buthi chapha nakwintliziyo yalowo uswel’uku ‘Zazi’.  ~Nozizwe&lt;/blockquote&gt;Categories: [[Onwaba Mleve]] [[inyanga yolutsha]] [[iFashoni]] [[Imithungo yeSintu]]

 Amaphepha Asetyenzisiweyo</text>
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