Wikipedia xhwiki https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphepha_Elingundoqo MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter iMedia Mahluko Ingxoxo Ilungu Ingxoxo nelungu Wikipedia Ingxoxo ngeWikipedia Ngokweenkcukacha Ingxoxo ngokweenkcukacha iMediaWiki Ingxoxo ngeMediaWiki iThemplethi Ingxoxo yethemplethi Uncedo Ingxoxo ngoncedo Uluhlu Ingxoxo ngoluhlu TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6652 40459 40061 2026-04-29T23:58:41Z InternetArchiveBot 10408 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|thumb|344x344px]] '''IBotswana''', ngokusesikweni '''IRiphabliki weBotswana''' (NgesiTswana nangesiKalanga: ''IHango yeBotswana''), lilizwe alichukumisi ulwandle kuMazantsi eAfrika. IBotswana ithe tyaba ezweni layo, akukho ntaba ezininzi. Iipesenti ezingama-70 zayo ziNtlango yeKalahari . Unqamleze [[uMzantsi Afrika]] emazantsi, [[iNamibia]] entshona, kunye neZimbabwe empuma. Umda wayo [[EZambia|neZambia]] emantla kufutshane nedolophu yeKazungula awuchazwanga kakuhle ngenxa yokuba uphakathi koMlambo iZambezi. Lo mda weZambia ziimitha ezimbalwa ezilikhulu ubude.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Darwa|first=P. Opoku|url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Multinational%20(Zambia-Bostwana)%20-%20AR%20-%20Kazungula%20Bridge%20Project.pdf|title=Kazungula Bridge Project|publisher=African Development Fund|year=2011|page=Appendix IV|access-date=4 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114113821/http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Multinational%20(Zambia-Bostwana)%20-%20AR%20-%20Kazungula%20Bridge%20Project.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Le lizwe linezigidi ezi-2.3, yaye lelinye lamazwe anabantu abambalwa emhlabeni kwikhilomitha nganye. Malunga neepesenti ezilishumi zabantu bahlala kwikomkhulu, iGaborone. IBotswana belelinye lamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi: ngo-1960 umntu ngamnye ufumene iidola ezingama-60 ngonyaka qha. Namhlanje iBotswana inoqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maundeni|first=Zibani|last2=Mpabanga|first2=Dorothy|last3=Mfundisi|first3=Adam|date=2007-01-01|title=Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/|accessdate=2020-05-28|website=Africa Portal|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031142/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ''[[Abantu|I-Homo sapiens]]'' yaqala ukuhlala kweli lizwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka ye-200,000 eyadlulayo. Abantu abangabeTswana bayinzala yabathethi zesiNtu ezafudukela emazantsi e-Afrika zaya kwiBotswana malunga ne-600 AD, zezihlala kwiindawo ezinesizwe njengabalimi nabelusi. Ngo-1885, aba-[[UbuKumkani bamaBritane|British]] bawuthanga lo mhlaba bewuthiya i-Protectorate ye-Bechuanaland . Njengokuba ubuKoloni babusenzeka, iBechuanaland yaba yiriphabliki ezimeleyo ye- Commonwealth phantsi kwegama langoku nge-30 kaSeptemba ka-1966. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bechuanaland was the former name of Botswana|url=http://generalknowledgefacts.com/2013/09/bechuanaland-was-former-name-of-botswana.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323214332/http://www.generalknowledgefacts.com/2013/09/bechuanaland-was-former-name-of-botswana.html|archive-date=23 March 2015|accessdate=20 February 2018|website=generalknowledgefacts.com}}</ref> Namhlanje iBotswana yiriphabliki, enerekhodi lenani leenyulo ezinobulungisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=overview of CPI indices|url=https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108105128/https://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview|archive-date=8 January 2018|accessdate=8 January 2018|publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> Uqoqosho lulawulwa yimigodi, ziinkomo nalukhenketho. Namhlanje abantu baseBotswana banomvuzo wonyaka emalunga ne-$18,825 kwi-avareji ngo-2015, lolona luphakamileyo eAfrika.<ref name="cia">{{Cite web|year=2014|title=Botswana|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/|accessdate=16 April 2014|website=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana|dead-url=yes}}</ref> IBotswana lilungu leManyano yase- Afrika, loMbutho woPhuhliso lwamaZantsi e-Afrika, iZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye [[Izizwe ezimanyeneyo|neZizwe eziManyeneyo]] . Ilizwe lichatshazelwe kakubi bubhubhane we-HIV/AIDS. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo kwiinkqubo zokwenza ukuba unyango lufumaneke, kunye nokufundisa abantu malunga nendlela yokunqanda ukusasazeka kwe-HIV/AIDS, inani labantu abane-AIDS lenyuka ukusuka ku-290,000 ngo-2005 ukuya ku-320,000 ngo-2013.<ref name="Gap">{{Cite web|year=2014|title=The Gap Report|url=http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf|archive-date=20 June 2016|accessdate=21 June 2016|publisher=UN AIDS|location=Geneva}}</ref>Ngo-2014, IBotswana ikwelona nani lesithathu liphezulu lokufumana i-HIV/AIDS: ngama-20% abantu abosulelekileyo.<ref name="Avert">{{Cite web|title=HIV and Aids in Botswana|url=http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228211140/http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm|archive-date=28 February 2009|accessdate=21 June 2016|publisher=Avert International Aids Charity}}</ref> == Igama == Igama leli lizwe lithetha "Umhlaba wabeTswana", abaliqela elikhulu apho. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The CIA World Factbook 2017|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/|accessdate=15 May 2007|website=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|page=111|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Igama elithi ''Batswana'' ekuqaleni lalisetyenziswa kwabeTswana, nangoku kunjalo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bolaane|first=Maitseo|url=https://archive.org/details/batswana00bola|title=Batswana|last2=Mgadla|first2=Part Themba|date=1997|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=9780823920082|page=[https://archive.org/details/batswana00bola/page/n12 1]|url-access=registration}}</ref> Nangona kunjalo, likwasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi njengegama labo bonke abemi baseBotswana nabantu abangakwazi ukuthetha isiTswana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 August 2015|title=Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa|url=http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231817/http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/|archive-date=6 January 2018|accessdate=6 January 2018|publisher=Voices of Africa}}</ref> == Imbali == [[File:Two_Rhino.jpg|left|thumb| Umzobo 'imiKhombe emibini' eTsodilo, indawo yeMveli ye-UNESCO]] === Imbali yokuqala === Ukumbiwa kwezinto zakudala kubonise ukuba ii-hominids zihlala eBotswana kangangesithuba seminyaka ezizigidi ezibini. Izixhobo zamatye kunye namathanbo wezilwanyana zibonise ukuba zonke iindawo zelizwe zazinabahleli iminyaka ye-400,000 eyadlulayo. Ngo-Okthobha wo-2019, abaphandi baxela ukuba iBotswana yayindawo yokuzalwa bonke abantu behlabathi malunga neminyaka 200,000 eyadlulayo.<ref name="NAT-20191028">{{Cite journal|last=Chan|first=Eva KF|last2=Timmermann|first2=Axel|author-link2=Axel Timmermann|last3=Baldi|first3=Benedetta F.|last4=Moore|first4=Andy E.|last5=Lyons|first5=Ruth J.|last6=Lee|first6=Sun-Seon|last7=Kalsbeek|first7=Anton MF|last8=Petersen|first8=Desiree C.|last9=Rautenbach|first9=Hannes|last10=Förtsch|first10=Hagen EA|last11=Bornman|first11=MS Riana|date=28 October 2019|title=Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|publisher=[[Nature Research]]|volume=575|issue=7781|pages=185–189|bibcode=2019Natur.575..185C|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1|pmid=31659339|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Lo mzobo wazotywe malunga neminyaka 70,000 eyadlulayo.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Staurset|first=Sigrid|last2=Coulson|first2=Sheila|date=2014-10|title=Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=75|pages=153–165|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006|issn=0047-2484}}</ref> Ekuqaleni abantu bathetha iziKhoisan kulo mmandla. === Mfecane === [[File:Kapstaaten 1905.png|thumb|Imephu ezotywe ngamaJamani ngo-1905 ebonisa iAfrika esemazantsi]] Phantsi ko-1820s uKumkani uMakaba II wabakhokela abaNgwaketse ababeneenkomo ezininzi entlangweni. Babenomkhosi onamandla yaye babehlala edolophini enabantu abali-10,000.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morton|first=Fred|date=1992|title=Slave-Raiding and Slavery in the Western Transvaal after the Sand River Convention|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601632|journal=African Economic History|issue=20|pages=99|doi=10.2307/3601632|issn=0145-2258}}</ref> Ixesha lobunzima laqala ngo-1823-1843: eli xesha libizwa "Mfecane". Kwakukho iimfazwe ezininzi phakathi abeTswana namaNdebele nabaKololo. UShaka Zulu ebemanya ubukumkani bakhe emazantsi. Ngo-1852 uKumkani uSechele I ukhokele izikumkani zamaTswana ukoyisa amaBhulu awayeze kubela umhlaba wazo eDimawe. Ngo-1960 amaBhulu avumile ukungabuyi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1991-01-01|title=Botswana|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.14217/9781848594784-2-en|accessdate=2021-05-07|website=dx.doi.org}}</ref> Ngeli xesha abathunywa bevangeli bafika: ngo-1875 uKumkani Khama III wathi ukuba ubuKrestu buyinkolo yabeTswana. Lo Kumkani wakha izikolo, akazange avume utywala nokuhlala kwabamhlophe kumhlaba wakhe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stuart.|first=Landau, Paul|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/468684453|title=The realm of the word : language, gender and christianity in au Southern African kingdom|date=1995|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=0-435-08963-3|oclc=468684453}}</ref> Ngo-1885 umkhosi weGreat Britain wangena eBotswana ukungeza umhlaba; kwakungekho nto banokuyenza ookumkani.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schapera|first=I.|date=2021-01-07|title=Tswana Chiefs and Social Change|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003135920-13|journal=Tribal Innovators|publisher=Routledge|pages=228–265|isbn=978-1-003-13592-0}}</ref> Ngo-June 1966 uSeretse Khama waba ngumongameli wokuqala weBotswana emeleyo. == IJografi == [[File:Botswana_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb| Imephu yemozulu yaseBotswana. Intlango eyomileyo ibomvu; intlango enemvula engaphezulu iorenji. ]]IBotswana ityebile kwindalo. Imozulu yomile, kodwa i-Okavango Delta izisa amanzi emantla. Ipaki yelizwe yeTshobe "Chobe" inelona nani likhulu leendlovu emhlabeni yaye ineentlobo zeentaka ezingama-350. Iingxaki ezimbini zendalo ziimbalela nakukunwenwa kwentlango. Isebe lezamahlathi laqala ukutyala izityalo zemveli ukunceda imvula nokunqanda ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Original PDF|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.15438/rr.5.1.7|accessdate=2021-05-07|website=dx.doi.org|archive-date=2018-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204819/http://dx.doi.org/10.15438/rr.5.1.7|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[File:Cebras_de_Burchell_(Equus_quagga_burchellii),_vista_aérea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_28.jpg|thumb| Amaqwarhashe azulazula kwi-Okavango Basin]] [[Category:Amazwe aseAfrika]] p1shw8p1h7c0j0dnvn2nv4tst1hyqo8 2 6911 40458 34185 2026-04-29T18:33:34Z James500 12135 Remove template 40458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|en}} [[en:User:James500]] b167mzfa599c51y3hjzn4f18lk01tb1