Wikipedia xhwiki https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphepha_Elingundoqo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter iMedia Mahluko Ingxoxo Ilungu Ingxoxo nelungu Wikipedia Ingxoxo ngeWikipedia Ngokweenkcukacha Ingxoxo ngokweenkcukacha iMediaWiki Ingxoxo ngeMediaWiki iThemplethi Ingxoxo yethemplethi Uncedo Ingxoxo ngoncedo Uluhlu Ingxoxo ngoluhlu TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1050 40863 40806 2026-06-12T14:45:29Z A09 12731 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/40806|40806]] by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]) rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode 40863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:uMzantsi Afrika}} {{Amazwe| | Igama = IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika<br />''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''<br />''Republic of South Africa''<br /> | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|197px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|120px]] | Imephu = [[File:South Africa (orthographic_projection).svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = [[ePitoli]], [[iKapa]], [[eBloemfontein]] | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = [[IsiBhulu]], [[IsiXhosa]],<br />[[IsiPedi]], [[IsiSotho]],<br />[[IsiTswana]], [[IsiZulu]]<br /> | Isiphaluka = 1 219 912 km² | Uluntu = {{#property:P1082|from=Q258}} <!--automatically generated from Wikidata--> }} '''UMzantsi Afrika''', ngokusesikweni ubizwa ngokuba '''yirhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika''' ('''RSA'''), lilizwe elibuthume kwincakami yeAfrika. Ubukhulu bawo buziikhilomitha ezingama-2,798 kunxweme olunwebela lunxusa umzantsi wolwandle iAtlantika kunye nolwandle iIndiya. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samsa.org.za/ |title=South African Maritime Safety Authority |publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=29 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |work=The World Factbook |title=Coastline |publisher=CIA |accessdate=16 June 2008 |archive-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=safacts>{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |title=South Africa Fast Facts |publisher=SouthAfrica.info |date=April 2007 |accessdate=14 June 2008 |archive-date=19 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Emantla nango ethe natya amazwe asebumelwaneni anje[[iNamibia|ngeNamibia]], [[iBotswana|i Botswana]] kunye [[iZimbabwe|neZimbabwe]]; ukuya empuma y[[iMozambique|i]]Mozambique kunye nas[[Eswatini|eSwazini]]; phakathi kwala mazwe kukho ilizwe las[[eLuSuthu]], ingingqi engqongwe ziziphaluka zasemZantsi Afrika. <ref>{{cite web |author=Guy Arnold |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO |title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;–Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> UmZantsi Afrika lilizwe elikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba libambe indawo yama-25 ngobukhulu bomhlaba kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, kwaye phantse zizigidi ezingama-53 zoluntu, lilizwe elibambe indawo yama-25 ukuba lelona lizwe laziwayo. == Amasiko == UmZantsi Afrika sisizwe leentlanga-ngeentlanga elididiyelwe ngamasiko ngamasiko, ngeelwimi-ngeelwimi, nangeenkolo-ngeenkolo. Njengelizwe elingunozala weentlanga-ngeentlanga, oku kubonakala kakhulu xa umgaqo siseko ukwamkela ngokungazenzisiyo ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezili-11 nje ngeelwimi ezisemthethweni kwiinkonzo zaseburhulumenteni, nekuzezona zinenani eliphakamileyo kunawo onke amazwe emhlabeni. Ezimbini kwezi lwimi imvelaphi yazo iseYurophu: [[isiNgisi esithethwa eMzantsi Afrika|isiNgisi]] ne[[isiBhunu|siBhunu]], isiBhunu lisiDatshi olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe luninzi lwabamhlophe kunye nabebala kweli laseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona isiNgesi ilulwimi olusetyenziswa imihla-ngemihla kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke nakwiintengiso, lulwimi lwesine olusetyenziswa njengolwimi lweenkobe.<ref name=safacts/> [9] === Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika === Abantu abamalunga nama-80% kubemi bo[https://www.jw.org/xh/ILayibrari/iincwadi/2007-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/UMzantsi-Afrika/ Mzantsi Afrika] ngabantu abantsundu nekungabantu abaziinzalelwane zeli,<ref name=census2011-inbrief>{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |year=2012 |location=Pretoria |isbn=9780621413885 |accessdate=12 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225082845/http://www.statssa.gov.za/Census2011/Products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>[3] baziintlanga-ngeentlanga, bathetha iilwimi-ngeelwimi zakwaNtu, eziluthoba kuzo zinikwe isidima sokokuba zibe ziilwimi zaseburhulumenteni ngokusesikweni. <ref name=safacts/> ezinye iintlanga ezingekho kweli nani ngabahlali bezixekokazi zaseAfrika ngamaYurophu, ngamaamaAsia, kunye nabamvelaphi yabo ikwiintlanga-ngeentlanga. Onke amaqela ezi ntlanga-ngeentlanga neelwimi-ngeelwimi amelwe ngokwezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kumgaqo siseko osekwe ngokwentando yabantu, opalamente yawo uyiRhiphablikhi, nawo osithoba amaphondo. Okoko kwathi kwaphela urhulumente wocalu-calulo, ubumbejembeje ngamasiko-ngamasiko boMzantsi afrika bulenze bangumahluko eli lizwe latsho laziwa de labaluleka ngakumbi, njengoko bubonakalisiwe kwintetho enguMmnyama weSizwe omabala-bala. == Ezoqoqosho == [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb|Umjeka wase Ningizimu Afrika. ]] Ngokwezoqoqosho ingeniso yaseMzantsi Afrika ibekwe kwinqanaba elingaphezu kwesiqingatha yiBhanki yeHlabathi, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika uthathwa nje ngelizwe elithi liseyimveku libe sele liphuhle ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa |title=South Africa |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|author=David Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|accessdate=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)}}</ref> Uqoqosho lwayo lubambe indawo yesibini eAfrika, kwaye ngobukhulu libambe indawo yama-28 kwihlabathi. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&id=4&CNO=2 |title=World Development Indicators database |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref> Xa kuthethwa ngokuthelekiswa kwamndla okuthenga oMzantsi Afrika kunye nawamanye amazwe, uMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lesixhenxe kwathenga kakhulu ngokwengeniso yonyaka eAfrika, nangona ubuhlwempu nokungalingani kwabantu ngokobuhlwempu nobutyebi busahamba phambili kweli lizwe, njengoko ikota yabantu ingaphangeli ibe iphila ngemali engaphantsi kwe-US$1,25 (R21,23) ngosuku. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aoB7RbcZCRfU |title=South Africa's Unemployment Rate Increases to 23.5% |publisher=Bloomberg |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=30 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf|title=HDI|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika uthe wachongwa njeamandla akwizinga eliphezulu ngokwehlabathi, yaza yahlala iliziko elinomfutho kwingingqi.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cooper|first=Andrew F.|author2=Antkiewicz, Agata; Shaw, Timothy M.|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=International Studies Review|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|first3=Timothy M.}}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|author=David A. Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|accessdate=2013-08-25|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51}}</ref> Igama elithi ''Mzansi'', lisuka [[isiXhosa|esiXhoseni]] kwisibizo esithi ''umzantsi'', oko kuthetha ukuthi "mzantsi", igama elisetyenziswa ekuhlaleni mihla le eMzantsi Afrika.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first1=Sarah|editor-first2=Achille|last=Livermon|first=Xavier|title=Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis|chapter=Sounds in the City|year=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=9780822381211|page=283|url=http://books.google.co.za/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|quote=''Mzansi'' is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.|editor-last=Nuttall|editor2-last=Mbembé}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mzansi DiToloki|url=http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|publisher=Deaf Federation of South Africa|accessdate=15 January 2014|quote=uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means 'this country'.|archive-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116135926/http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == iJografi == Umzantsi Afrika umi kanye ezantsi kwingingqi esingathi kusezinyaweni zelizwekazi i-Afrika, nonxweme lwayo olude nolugama walo utsaleke ngokungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2,500 nolugudla iilwandle ezimbini (i-South Atlantic kunye nolwase-India) == iReference == [[Category:UMzantsi Afrika| ]] rg9437xnbwt6cbzuk1uzi8wp3br1h76 0 1051 40861 40793 2026-06-12T14:44:58Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]): Rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode (TwinkleGlobal) 40861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|upright=2|Amazwe aphawulwe ngebala elubuhlaza bawo bungqindilili ngamazwe eluthethwa khona isingesi ubukhulu becala, kwaye kumazwe apho isiNgesi sibaluleke kakhulu aphawulwe ngombala oluhlaza nobuphatsha kunalo wokuqala.]] [[File:EN English Language Symbol ISO 639-1 IETF Language Tag Icon.svg|thumb|EN ([[ISO 639]]-1)]] '''isiNgesi''' l[[iilwimi zaseNtshona-Jamani|ulwimi lwaseNtshona-Jamani]] olwathethwa okokuqala yi[[Anglo-Saxon]] eNgilani ngeminyaka yokuqala ye[[imiddle ages|Middle Ages]]. Sithetha nje lelona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. <ref>Mydans, Seth (14 May 2007) [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/14/world/asia/14iht-14englede.5705671.html "Across cultures, English is the word"] ''[[New York Times]]''. Retrieved 21 September 2011</ref> Luthethwa [[amazwe|kumazwe ngamazwe]] [[ihlabathi|ehlabathi]] lonke jikelele. Lulwimi lokuqala lwas[[Iunited kingdom|eUnited Kingdom]], e[[iUnited states|United States]], e[[iCanada|Canada]], e[[iAustralia|Australia]], e[[iRepublic of Ireland|Ireland]], e[[New Zealand]] namazwe amaninzi e[[Caribbean]]. Bamalunga na-375 ezigidi abantu abasithetha isingesi nje [[ulwimi lweenkobe|ngolwimi lweenkobe]] (abantu abantetho yabo isisiNgesi),<ref>Curtis, Andy. ''Color, race, and English language teaching: shades of meaning''. 2006, page 192.</ref> nto leyo esibeka kwindawo yesibini isiNgesi njengolona lwimi luthethwayo kwihlabathi. Bamalunga nama-220 ezigidi zabanye abantu abasithetha njengolwimi olongezelelwa kwiilwimi zabo zeenkobe, kwaye kusekho izigidi-gidi zabantu abasafunda ukusithetha. Sitshintshile ke isiNgesi, kunjalo nje besisoloko sitshintshwa ngenxa yefuthe lezinye iilwimi. <ref>Baugh, Albert C. & Cable, Thomas 2012. ''A history of the English language''. 6th ed, London: [[Routledge]]. ISBN 0-41-565596-X</ref> Kuba phantse ama-60% entetho isuka kw[[isiLatini]], maxa wambi isiNgesi sithathwa ngokuba lolona lwimi lunesiLatini kwiilwimi zesiJamani. <ref>[http://www.conexion-to.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=184:inglese-tedesco-e-olandese-a-confronto&catid=34:lingue-a-culture&Itemid=60 Comparison between English, German and Dutch (in Italian)]</ref> ==Imbali== IsiNgesi saaqala [[eNgilane]]. Iintlanga z[[iJamani|amaJamani]] ([[amaSaxons]], [[amaAnglo-Saxon|amaAngles]], kunye [[namaJutes]]) eeza eBritane malunga phaya ngoo-449 AD. Bafika mazenzela ikhaya emzantsi nasempuma yesi siqithi, bethyalela ngaphandle amaBritane aluhlobo lwamaCeltic ababefike kuqala kunabo, babenza ukuba bathethe ulwimi lwesingesi endaweni yolwimi lwabo lwakudala [[ulwimi lwesiCeltic]]. Unanamhla oku zisekho iilwimi zesiCeltic ezisathethwayo, ingakumbi eWales, apho [[ulwimi lwesiWelsh|isiWelsh]] ilulwimi lokuqala kwinxalenye yabantu abahlala kumaphandle. Inani labantetho is[[isiGaelic]] e[[Scotland]] lincinane, kwaye phantse bonke bakwi[[Highlands|naseziqithini]]. Ulwimi olubizwa ngokuba s"[[iScots]]" lona lululwimi oluyinzalelwane yesiNgesi. isiGaelic e[[Ireland]] nase[Isle of Man]] sithethwa ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu. Iilwimi [[ezizalana]] nesiJamani zezi ntlanga zaba s''[[lulwimi lwesiNgesi samandulo|isiNgesi samandul]]''. Igama elithi ''English'' lisuka kwigama likaAngles: ''uEnglas''. IsiNgesi sakudala asivakali njengesiNgesi esisithethayo ngoku. Ukuba abantu abantetho isisiNgesi ngoku bangamamela okanye bafunde umhlathi obhalwe ngesiNgesi sakudala, ambalwa kakhulu amagama abangawaqonda ukuba athetha ukuthini. Olona lwimi lusondele esiNgesini esisesasetyenziswayo namhlanje s[[isiFrisian]], sithethwa ngabantu abangama-500,000 nabahlala e[[iNetherlands|Netherlands]], e[[iJamani|Germany]] nase[[Denmark]]. Ngaphezu kokuba olu lwimi lubufana nesiNgesi, abantu abathetha ezi lwimi zimbini abavani kakuhle into abayithethayo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, abantu abambalwa bathi olona lwimi lusondeleyo esiNgesini [[isiDatshi|lulwimi lwesiDatshi]]. Abanye abantu abaninzi beeza eNgilane kamva ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, bethetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezi lwimi zathi zongeza amanye amagama amaninzi kwatsho kwadaleka esi siNgesi sithethwayo kungoku nje. Nanku umzekelo, kwiminyaka yoo800 AD, ama[[iDenmark|Danish]] nama[[iNorse|Norse]] kunye nama[[ipirate|pirate]]s, nababizwa ng[[amaVikings]], beza kweli lizwe saza isiNgesi samkela amagama emboleko [[amaNorse]] amaninzi. Iilwimi zabo zazizez[[iilwimi zamaJamani|amaJamani]], njengesiNgesi samaNdulo. Emva k[[uloyiso lukaWilliam|oloyiso lukaWilliam]] wayithabathela kuye iNgilane ngo1066 AD kunye nomlhosi wakhe waza wabayikumkani, weza nabantu bakhe [[abahloniphekileyo]], ababentetho yabo is[[ulwimi lwesiNorman|isiNorman]], ulwimi olwaluzalana kakhulu nesiFrentshi, ukuba lubekho k[[urhulumente]] omtsha. Baasivala isiNgesi ixesha elide ukuba sifundiswe ezikolweni, lwaza ulwimi lwatshintsha kakhulu, kuba sasithethwa ubukhulu becala endaweni yokokuba sibhalwe, isithuba esingangeminyaka engama-300. IsiNgesi saaboleka amagama amaninzi kwisiNorman ngexesha esasinokubizwa ngokuba lulwimi olwahlukileyo, [[iMiddle English]]. [[U-Geoffrey Chaucer]] ngumbhali owaziwayo wesiNgesi ekuthiwa yi''Middle English''. Emva kwezandi ezininzi ezathi zatshintsha, isiNgesi i''Middle English'' sabasisiNgesi esiphuculweyo. Nangona umsebenzi kaShakespeare ungabonakala umdala kakhulu, kodwa ibizwa ngokuba iphucukile. Saaqhubela phambili isiNgesi ngokuthatha amagama amatsha kwezinye iilwimi, umzekelo, ingakumbi kw[[kulwimi lwesiFrentshi|isiFrentshi]] (malunga nama-30% ukuya kuma-40% amagama aso), kodwa nakw[[ulwimi lwesiTshayina|isiTshyayina]], [[isiHindi]] ne[[isiUrdu|siUrdu]], [[ulwimi lwesiJaphane|isiJapanese]], [[ulwimi lwesiPanishi|isiSpanishi]] kunye ne[[ulwimi lwesiPhuthukezi|siPhuthukezi]]. Kwathi kuba iingcali ezininzi ezazisuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwakufuneka zincokole zikwazi ukuthetha omnye komnye, baachonga amagama ezinto ayakuthi asetyenziswe kwezophando kwaye loo magama achongwa kwiilwimi ababezazi bebonke: [[ulwimi lwesiGrike|isiGrike]] kunye ne[[isiLatini|siLatini]]. Laa magama eza nasesiNgesini kananjalo, umzekelo, ''umfanekiso ofotiweyo'' ("ifoto-" ithetha "ukukhanya" "kwaye "-igrafu" ithetha "umfanekiso" okanye "umbhalo", kwisiGrike. Umfanekiso ofotiweto ngumfanekiso owenziwe ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya), okanye ''ifowuni''. Lilonke ke, isiNgesi senziwe ngesiNgesi samaNdulo (esizalana kakhulu ne[[ulwimi lwesiJamani|siJamani]] kunye ne[[ulwimi lwesiDatshi||siDatshi]]), isiNorse, kunye nesiFrench, kwaye sitshintshwe nasisiLatini, isiGrike, isiTshayina, isiHindi, isiJaphane, kunye nesiPanishi, namanye amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi. Imbali yo[[ubuKumkani baseBritane|buKumkani baseBritane]] bufake isandla ekwandeni kolwimi lwesiNgesi. Kunamhlanje nje, isingesi lolona lwimi lubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana ne[[iAustreliya|Austreliya]], [[iKhanada]], [[iHong Kong]], kw[[Rhiphabhlikhi yaseIndia]] nase[[iPakistan|Pakistan]], e[[UMzantsi afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]], nakw[[izizwe ezimanyeneyo zaseMelika]], Isingesi lolona lwimi. Kuba [[ubuKumkani bezizwe eziManyeneyo]] (ilizwe apho iNgilane ikhoyo) kunye [[nezizwe zaseMelika ezimanyeneyo]] zibe zizizwe ngokwembali ebezisoloko zinamandla ekwenzeni imali naseburhulumenteni, abantu abaninzi babona iluncedo ukufunda isiNgesi ukuze bakwazi [[ukuthetha]] kumaziko ezophando, ezoshishino, nakwe[[uzakuzo|zozakuzelwano]]. Esi sifundo ke kuthiwa [[Ukufunda isiNgesi njengolwimi oluvela ngaphandle|IsiNgesi njengolwimi olongezelelweyo]], isiNgesi ngengolwimi lwesiBini (ESL) okanye isiNgesi njengolwimi oluvela ngaphandle (EFL). Amabali nemidlalo edumileyo neyaziwa kakhulu. [[uShakespeare]] waye engumbhali we[[imibongo|mibongo]] [[imidlalo yeqonga|nemidlalo yeqonga]] yesiNgesi edume kakhulu. Sithetha nje, [[iingoma]] kunye [[iimovie|nemovie]] (imiboniso yeefilim)zonke zisebenzisa ulwimi lwesiNgesi. ==Umahluko kupelo lwamagama== IsiNgesi sisebenzisa [[uhlobo lokubhala|upelo magama]] olungaqhelekanga xa sibhalwa. Izandi zoonobumba kunye nendibaniselwano yazo ibonakala ngathi iyafana kodwa yahluke kakhulu. Nanku umzekelo igama elithi "ough" lahlukile kwelithi ''through'' (threw), ''rough'' (ruff), dough (doe) okanye ''cough'' (coff). Le nto ke yenza okokuba ibe lulwimi olunzima kakhulu ukuba lufundwe.<ref name="age">{{cite news|title=It's offishal - English iz darned hard to learn|last=Smith, Bridie 2009|publisher=The Age|language=English|accessdate=2009-11-29}}</ref> Kumazwe amaninzi abantu abantetho isisiNgesi bawapela ngokwahlukileyo amagama. Kukho umahluko phakathi kopelo-magama lwas[[iMelika|eMelika]] kwelinye icala nas[[iUnited Kingdom|eUnited Kingdom]] kwaye amanye amazwe amaninzi (afana nalawo akwingqungquthela yaseBritane) apho isiNgesi ilolona lwimi lusetyenziswayo kwelinye icala. Ezi ndlela zokupela zahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa s"isiNgesi saseMelika'' ne "siNgesi saseBritane". Umzekelo igama elithi "colour" lipelwa ngolu hlobo "color" eMelika, negama elithi "programme" lipelwa ngolu hlobo "program" eMelika. Negama elithi "spelled" lipelwa ngenye indlela kwisiNgesi saseBritane, apho lipelwa njengo "spelt". Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusasazwa kwendlela ekwenziwa ngayo izinto, usasazo (okanye olunwenwela kwihlabathi jikelele), nasekunwenweni kwamasiko aseMelika ngo[[umabonakude|mabonakude]] nangeenkqubo zeekhompyutha zaseMelika, abanye abemi baseBritane basebenzisa amagama esiNgesi aseMelika. ==Intetho== [[File:Origins of English PieChart 2D.svg|thumb|Ifuthe elenziwa yintetho yesiNgesi]] Phantse ngama-60% entetho yolwimi lwesiNgesi ivela kwisiLatini nakwiilimi zeNeo-Latin (ingakumbi kwisiFrentshi): * ''[[Langues d'oïl|Langue d'oïl]] (isiFrentshi)'': 29.3% * [[isiLatini]], siquka isiLatini esiphuculweyo sanamhlanje nekusesophando nobuchwepheshe: 28.7% * [[iilwimi zesiJamani]] – zithathwe kw[[isiNgesi samaNdulo]], esisuka kwisiJamani samandulo, okanye kumagama asandakubolekwa kulwimi lwesiJamani olufana nelwe[[iNorse yamaNdulo|Norse yamandulo]]; aluquki magama esiJamani abolekwe kulwimi lwesiRoma, i.e., avela kulwimilwesiJamani in Frentshi, isiLatini okanye ezinye iilwimi zesiroma: ezingama-24% * isiGrike: ama-5.32% * isiTaliyani, isiPanishi kunye nesiPhuthukezi: 4.03% * Ulwimi olusuka kumagama abantu nawezinto zendalo: 3.28% * Olusuka kuzo zonke ezinye iilwimi: zingaphantsi kwe-1% Nangona kunjalo, kwawona magama akhe axhaphaka, awesiJamani ngawona alinani eliphezulu. [[Category:Iilwimi]] [[Category:Iilwimi zasemZantsi Afrika]] 1p7yb2hqsueotu2k19y2j5lwa2dmsno 0 1066 40852 40754 2026-06-12T14:35:00Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]): Rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode (TwinkleGlobal) 40852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Northern Cape}} '''uPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni''' nguPhondo [[uMzantsi Afrika|waseMzantsi Afrika]]. uPhondo ebedla ngokwahlukana [[iPhondo yaKapa|uPhondo yaKapa]]. uKhapitali wets [[iKhimbali|yiKhimbali]]. abaNtu 822.726 bahlala phaya. abaNtu abaninzi bathetha [[isiBhulu]] (70%), [[isiTswana|nesiTswana]] (20%), [[isiXhosa|nesiXhosa]] (6,5%) phaya. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Informations|Northern Cape}} *{{PoSA Commons|Northern Cape}} {{Stub}} {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mntla-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaseMntla-Koloni| ]] 9hc9doexjlhy9u88grnby0bzddfprck 0 1068 40846 40813 2026-06-12T14:33:07Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox PoSA Eastern Cape}} '''IPhondo laseMpuma-Kapa''' lelinye lamaPhondo o[[Mzantsi Afrika]]. IKomkhulu yalo yiBhisho<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ndima|first=Athenkosi|last2=Sobantu|first2=Mziwandile|last3=Muridzo|first3=Noel G.|last4=Sukulao|first4=Tatenda|date=2026|title=Housing challenges encountered by single mothers heading households in Tyutyu Village, Bhisho Eastern Cape, South Africa|url=https://doi.org/10.15270/62-1-1373|journal=Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk|volume=62|issue=1|doi=10.15270/62-1-1373|issn=2312-7198}}</ref>. Injengele esesihlalweni ukususela ngowamawaka amabini anesithoba (2015) nguPhumulo Masualle wombutho ophethe isizwe iAfrican National Congress<ref>{{Cite web|title=ANC – South Africa’s National Liberation Movement|url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US}}</ref>, iANC ngamafutshane. Inani labantu abahlala kulo liqikelelwa kuma – 6.786.900. Iilwimi ezithethwa koluPhondo zimi ngoluhlobo: [[isiXhosa]] (78.9%), [[isiBhulu]] (10,6%), [[isiNgesi]] (5,6%) kwakunye [[IsiSotho|nesiSuthu]]. Kumagorha athi awela edabini kwiimfazwe zokulwela [[umhlaba]] weMpuma Koloni singabala iingwevu zakwa Phalo ezifana no [[Hintsa kaKhawuta|Hintsa]], uNgqika, uNxele, uMaqoma no Sarhili, babe ziinkosi zesi sizwe. IMpuma Koloni<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ust|first=Homeabout|last2=FunDza|first2=C'sCONTACTHELP © 2026|title=Mpuma Koloni {{!}} FunDza|url=https://live.fundza.mobi/home/fanz/poetry/mpuma-koloni/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=live.fundza.mobi|language=en-US}}</ref> ikwalikhaya lamaqhawe omzabalazo wenkululeko afana no Robert Sobukwe, u[[Nelson Mandela]], u[[Govan Mbeki]], u[[Raymond Mhlaba]], uThabo Mbeki, uChris Hani, u[[Walter Sisulu]], uClerence Makwethu, uKaiser Matanzima, u[[Steve Biko]] nabanye abaninzi. Kulapho kukho khona iCofimvaba indawo ekwazalelwa kuyo uSibusiso Zonke kunye noChris Hani. Zininzi iindawo esingazikhankanya ezizidolophu zabantu abaziwayo jikelele ezikolu phondo. IMpuma Koloni luphondo oluneentlanga neenkolo ezininzi, nabantu abane nkosi ngenkosi ngobobuhlanga babo njengama Gcaleka, ama Rharhabe, abaThembu, amaBomvana, ama Hlubi, ama Mpondo, aba Thembu, ama Gqunukhwebe, ama Bhaca, ama Mfengu nama Mpondomise. == {{SIL|Links}} == {{PoSA Commons|Eastern Cape}} *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084057/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/provinces.htm#ecape info.gov.za] *(isiNgesi) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721221546/http://www.ecprov.gov.za/ Mpuma-Koloni] {{Provinces of South Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mpuma-Koloni}} [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni| ]] {{stub}} 7nho4ygd5q001w6xz5ljy147ps0xekq 0 2134 40862 40812 2026-06-12T14:45:23Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 40862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Amazwe| | Igama = Federal Republic of Nigeria | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|130px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|95px]] | Imephu = [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = Abuja | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = | Isiphaluka = 923 768 km² | Uluntu = 188 462 640 (2015) }} '''iNigeria''' lilizwe e[[Afrika]] I-Nigeria lelinye lamazwe elizwekazi laseAfrika. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nigeria}} [[Category:Amazwe aseAfrika]] {{stub}} 3fumw463zmznsoafgl0jfmdg3ryk5pf 0 2136 40866 40824 2026-06-12T14:46:00Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 40866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|thumb|Nelson Mandela]] [[File:Young Mandela.jpg|thumb|Mandela, ~1937]] [[File:Nelson Mandela Marker, Cape Town, South Africa-3556.jpg|thumb|Mandela]] '''Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela''' (18 [[Eyekhala]] 1918— 5 [[Eyomnga]] 2013) Xhosa ===== '''Rholihlahla Dalibhunga'''. UNelson Rholihlahla Mandela wazalelwa eMvezo eMthatha waze wakhulela eQunu kwalapho eMthatha. UNelson Mandela wazalwa nguNosekeni Fanny kunye noGadla Henry Mphakanyiswa. Wafunda kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.ufh.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=University of Fort Hare {{!}} Together in Excellence|language=en-US}}</ref> eseDikeni nedyunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand apho wayefunda ezomthetho khona. Waba lilungu lombutho i'''''AN'''''C ([[African National Congress]]). ===== UMandela wayevalelwe kwisiqithi saseKapa (eRobben Island) iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe apho wayesilwela khona inkululeko. Waye wakhululwa ngomhla weshumi elinanye (11) kweyoMdumba ngo1990. Waba nguMongameli wokuqala omnyama kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Utata uNelson walwa ingcinezelo [[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Utata uNelson Mandela wayeneqabane lakhe uWinnie Madikizela Mandela owaba ngumfazi wakhe, banabantwana aba bini(2) waza kamva kakhulu watshata uGraca Machel. UTata uNelson Mandela wasweleka kunyaka ka2013 kwinyanga yoMnga, wangcwatyewa kwilali azalelwa kuyo ec. emvakweminyaka kwaphatha , u Jacob Nate Zuma wasuka ngoku siphethwe Nguyen Cyril Ramaphosa ukusukela ngonyaka 2019/2020 isizwe sethu sixakene ne ntsholongwane I covid19(Corona Virus 2019)...esisifo sasuka e Wuhung e China .a[ho kuye kwafuneka sinxibe i mask.ukuze singasulelani .. == Early life == === Ubuntwana: 1918–1934 === # UMandela wazalwa ngomhla we-18 kweyeKhala ngo-1918, kwilali yaseMvezo [[Mthatha]], ngexesha eyayiyinxalenye yePhondo laseKapa eMzantsi Afrika. [ 2 ] wanikwa igama langaphambili elithi Rolihlahla, [ a ] igama [[IsiXhosa|lesiXhosa]] elithetha “umkhathazi”, [ 5 ] kwaye kwiminyaka yamva waziwa ngesiduko sakhe, uMadiba. [ 6 ] Uyisemkhulu wakhe, [[U-Ngubengcuka|uNgubengcuka]], wayengumlawuli woBukumkani [[AbaThembu|babaThembu]] kwiTranskeian Territories kwiphondo elibizwa ngokuba yi[[I-Transkei|Mpuma]] [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] namhlanje eMzantsi Afrika. [ 7 ] Omnye woonyana bakaNgubengcuka, ogama linguMandela, yayinguyisemkhulu kaNelson kunye nemvelaphi yefani yakhe. [ 8 ] Ngenxa yokuba uMandela wayengumntwana weNkosi nomfazi wendlu ka-Ixhiba, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Left-Hand House", inzala yesebe lakhe le-cadet yentsapho yasebukhosini yayingafanelanga ukufumana isihlalo sobukhosi kodwa ithathwa njengooceba basebukhosini. [ 9 ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] otiv5499t4i3i88k2ed1lyxsqicr7g6 0 2269 40855 40676 2026-06-12T14:35:54Z A09 12731 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Charmaine balloo|Charmaine balloo]] 36806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Port Elizabeth Donkin Reserve.jpg|thumb|Heart of Elizabeth]] '''iBhayi''' yidolophu esentshona [[iPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni|yase mpuma koloni]], kulapho ezinye inkokheli zenkululeko zakhulela khona. iBhayi yenye yedolopho ezinkulu [[uMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]], kulapho inkampani zenqwelo mafutha zenziwa khona inkampani ezinje ngo [[General Motors]], [[Volkswagen]] nezinye. Yindawo eyaziwayo nehlonitshwayo ngenxa yoko ikwenzayo nangengxeni yokuba yayilikhaya leenkokheli zeenkululeko. ==Umlando== *[[iBhayi]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhayi}} [[Category:iDolophu]] [[Category:IPhondo yaMpuma-Koloni]] olgqo3u0ihvj8suxxmshdzhuxtghsd6 0 2683 40865 40819 2026-06-12T14:45:47Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]): Rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode (TwinkleGlobal) 40865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Amazwe| | Igama = '''República Federativa do Brasil''' | Iflegi = [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|130px]] | Coa = [[File:Coat of arms of Brazil.svg|95px]] | Imephu = [[File:Brazil (orthographic projection).svg|270px]] | Ikomkhulu = [[I-Brasil]] | Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni = [[IsiPhuthukezi]] | Isiphaluka = 8 515 767 km² | Uluntu = 212 559 417 (2020) |combatant3=|conflict=Brasil}} '''IBrazil''' (ngesiPhuthukezi: ''Brasil''), ngokusesikweni eyi'''Riphabliki yoMbutho waseBrazil''', lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu e[[UmZantsi Melika|Mzantsi Melika]] nase[[Ilatin America|Latin Melika]]. Lilizwe lesihlanu ngobukhulu ehlabathini, emva kwe[[IRashiya|Rashiya]], i[[Khanada]], i[[IShayina|Tshayina]], ne[[IYunayithedi Steyitsi|Melika]], kwaye lelesixhenxe ngobuninzi babantu. IBrazil lilizwe kuphela eliseMzantsi Melika eliyikoloni yePhuthukezi kwaye apho ulwimi olusemthethweni sisi[[Ulwimi Portuguese|Phuthukezi]]. Eli lizwe lijikelezwe yi[[Ulwandle lweAtlantiki|Lwandlekazi iAtlantic]] ngasempumalanga, kwaye linomda othe kratya kunye nalo lonke ilizwe laseMzantsi Melika, ngaphandle kwe[[IChile|Chile]] ne-[[Ecuador]]. IBrazil yaziwa ngokuba ne[[Hlathi le Amazon]], elona hlathi likhulu kwihlabathi, kunye nolwimi, inkcubeko, nomculo wayo otshayelele ehlabathini, kunye nokuthandwa kakhulu kweBhola ekhatywayo. IKomkhulu yalo yeyase[[Brasilia|Brasília]], kanti idolophu enkulu ngabaantu yi[[São Paulo]]. == IJografi == IBrazil lolona nxalenye likhulu, laseMpumalanga nentla-mpuma ye[[UmZantsi Melika|Mzantsi Melika]]. * Ubume bomhlaba: Ubume beli lizwe bukwahlukahlukene kakhulu, ukusuka kwiintaba eziphakamileyo ukuya kumanxuwa olwandle athe tye. Ngaphakathi elizweni, ingingqi yolwandle isinika indawo ebanzi yentlambo yo[[Umlambo iAmazon|Mlambo iAmazon]]. * I-Amazon: Umaleko omkhulu wejografi yi[[Isitya saseAmazon|Amazon Basin]], apho kufumaneka khona uMlambo i-Amazon, uMlambo omde kakhulu ehlabathini (okanye owesibini omde kakhulu emva kwe[[I-Nile|Nayile]]), kunye neHlathi lase-Amazon, eliyikhaya lezilwanyana nezityalo ezininzi. * [[Imimandla yaseBrazil|Imimandla]]: Eli lizwe lahlulwe laba yimimandla emihlanu: [[Ummandla osemantla weBrazil|Umntla]], u[[Ummandla waseMntla-mpuma weBrazil|Mntla-mpuma]], u[[Umbindi-ntshona weNgingqi yaseBrazil|Mbindi-Ntshona]], u[[Ummandla okumazantsi-mpuma eBrazil|Mazantsi-mpuma]], kunye no[[Ummandla osemazantsi eBrazil|Mazantsi]]. * [[Imozulu yaseBrazil|Mozulu]]: Imeko yemozulu eBrazil [[Imozulu yeTropiki|yeyetropiki]] ikakhulu, ngamaqondo obushushu angatshintshiyo. Emazantsi, imozulu ifana [[Imozulu epholileyo|netemperate]], kwaye [[Kuyabanda|ibanda]] kancinane ngexesha lasebusika. [[File:Brazil_Labelled_Map.svg|center|thumb]] == IMbali == === Ixesha lobukoloni === Ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu, iBrazil yayihlala izizwe ezininzi [[Abantu bomthonyama|zabantu boMthonyama]]. Ngo-1500, umhloli wePhuthukezi, u[[Pedro Álvares Cabral]], wafika kwindawo ngoku eyiBrazil, kwaye wayibanga i[[Photshugo|Phuthukezi]]. Kungekudala, iPhuthukezi yaqalisa ukwenza izityalo ezikhulu ze-[[sugar cane|Umdiza weswekile]], kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, iBrazil yaba yindawo enkulu yokuthenga nokuthengisa nga[[Ubukhoboka eBrazil|bakhoboka base-Afrika]]. Eli lizwe lafaka abakhoboka abaninzi baseAfrika kunalo naliphi na ilizwe laseMelika. === Inkululeko nokuba yiRiphabliki === * [[Ukuzimela kweBrazil|Inkululeko]]: NgoSeptemba 7, 1822, iBrazil yabhengezwa ukuba ilizwe elizimeleyo ngu[[UPedro I waseBrazil|Dom Pedro I]], unyana weKumkani yasePhuthukezi, yaza yasekwa njengobukumkani (i-[[Ubukhosi baseBrazil|Empire yaseBrazil]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=US Census|title=Brazil Independence Day (1822): September 7, 2023|url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/brazil-independence-day.html|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=Census.gov|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Brazilian Independence {{!}} World Civilizations II (HIS102) – Biel|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-fmcc-worldcivilization2/chapter/brazilian-independence/|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref> * Ukupheliswa kobukhoboka: Ubukhoboka bapheliswa ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngoMeyi 13, 1888, ngokuqulunqwa kwe[[Lei Áurea]] (uMthetho oyiGolide), kwaye yaba lilizwe lokugqibela eNtshona ukukwenza oku.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2025-10-21|title=Brazil - Independence, Portuguese, Empire {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/Independence|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> * [[I-Republic|IRiphabliki]]: Ngo-1889, kwabakho [[Icoup d'etat|coup d'état]] (ukuthathelwa amandla angaphandle komthetho) ng[[Imicimbi yomkhosi|umkhosi]], kwaye iBrazil yaba yiRiphabliki.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Abalemi neelwimi == IBrazil lilizwe elineentlanga ezininzi neli-ethnic (i-mix yeentlanga). * [[Ipopulation|Inani labantu]]: Malunga ne-91% yabantu baseBrazil bahlala kwiindawo zasemadolophini. * Ulwimi: IsiPhuthukezi lulwimi olusemthethweni kwaye luqhelekile. Kukho neelwimi ezingama-200 zoMthonyama ezithethwayo. * [[Unqulo|Inkolo]]: Uninzi lwabantu lungama[[inkolo yamaKrestu|Kristu]] (ama-83.6%), ingakumbi i[[ICawa yamaKatolika|Katolika]] (ama-56.75%). == Uqoqosho == IBrazil ineyona qoqosho likhulu eLatin Melika, kwaye ngoku iqwalaselwa njengequmrhu elibalulekileyo kwih[[Uqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe|labathi liphela]]. Lililungu le[[BRICS]]. * [[Ezolimo eBrazil|Ezolimo]]: Eli lizwe ngelinye lawona alimo makhulu ehlabathini. Liyinkokeli ekwenzeni i[[Kofu|kofu]], [[Iimbotyi zesoya|iimbotyi zesoya]], [[Iswekile|iswekile]], kunye nenyama [[Yenkomo|yenkomo]] neyeenkukhu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Economics|first=Benjamin Elisha Sawe in|date=2017-04-25|title=The Economy Of Brazil|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-economy-of-brazil.html|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Network|first=Connecta|date=2024-08-22|title=Brazil Main Exports and Imports: Key Products and Insights|url=https://www.connecta-network.com/brazil-main-exports-and-imports-key-products-and-insights/|accessdate=2025-10-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2025-10-21|title=Brazil - Economy, Agriculture, Trade {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/The-economy|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Brazil’s Major Exports are Fueling Its Global Influence|url=https://www.eximpedia.app/blog/brazil-major-exports|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=eximpedia|language=English}}</ref> * [[Imigodi eBrazil|Imisebenzi Yemigodi]]: IBrazil ityebile kakhulu kumaminerali, kuquka i-[[Igoqo lentsimbi|iron ore]], i-[[Bauxite|bauxite]] (i-ore ye-aluminum), ne[[Itoti|tini]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> * [[Ishishini eBrazil|Imizi-mveliso]]: Idume ngemveliso yezi[[Imoto|thuthi]], [[Iinqwelomoya|iinqwelomoya]] (njenge-[[Embraer]]), izixhobo zombane, kunye ne-[[IPetroleum|petroleum]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> * Umbingelelo: Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lujongene nemingeni efana no[[Ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho|kungalingani kwengeniso]] kunye neengxaki zokwenza imisebenzi. == Inkcubeko == [[Inkcubeko yaseBrazil|Inkcubeko yaseBrazil]] yimxube etyebileyo yeempembelelo zasePhuthukezi, zase-Afrika, nezabemi boMthonyama. * [[ICarnival]]: Owona msitho waziwayo wehlabathi yi[[Rio de Janeiro Carnival|Carnival yaseRio de Janeiro]], umnyhadala onomculo, ukudanisa ([[samba]]), kunye neempahla ezibengezelayo, obanjwa phambi kwe[[Ukuzila|Lente]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Everything You Need to Know About Rio de Janeiro Carnival|language=en|work=Discovery|url=https://www.discovery.com/exploration/rio-de-janeiro|access-date=2025-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Discoveries|first=Latin|title=Rio de Janeiro Carnival History|url=https://www.latindiscoveries.com/blog/15-brazil/39-rio-carnival-history|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=Latin Discoveries|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awayandco.com/away-tale/a-feast-for-the-eyes-the-story-behind-the-costumes-and-floats-that-awe-and-thrill/|accessdate=2025-10-22|website=www.awayandco.com}}</ref> * [[Umculo waseBrazil|Umculo]]: I-Brazil lilikhaya leentlobo zomculo ezahlukileyo, njengeSamba, i[[Bossa Nova]], ne[[Forró]]. * [[Ibhola ekhatywayo|IBhola ekhatywayo]]: Ibhola ekhatywayo ayisiyomidlalo nje, kodwa iyinxalenye yesizwe. IBrazil yeyona ilizwe eliyintshatsheli kwi[[FIFuRoni da Futboll|Ndebe yeHlabathi]] kunezizwe zonke, iphumelele amaxesha amahlanu. * [[Ukutya kwaseBrazil|Ukutya]]: Ukutya kuquka i-[[Feijoada]] (inyama yenkomo nenyama yehagu eneeembotyi ezimnyama) kunye ne-[[Churrasco]] (inyama eyosiweyo). {{Commons category|Brasil}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:UmZantsi Melika]] 9ha2eqb0t0thv2tfmtfscgfi3sw31zt 0 3909 40864 40814 2026-06-12T14:45:40Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 40864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyl ruffus 061212 2021 tdp.jpg|thumbnail]] '''Iinyoka''' zizilwanyana [[ezirhubuluzayo]]. ziyinxalenye ye[[Order (biology)|yosapho]] lwe[[Squamata]]. [[Azinamilenze]], azina[[lizwi]], azina[[ndlebe]], zingenaso ne[[sikhumba sokuvala amehlo]]. Nangona kunjalo, iinyoka zizilwanyana ezinempumelelo enkulu phakathi kwezilwanyana ezitya ezinye, zinee[[iintsapho|ntsapho]] ezingama-20, nezinye ezingama500 kunye nama-and 3,400 [[eentlobo ntlobo zeenyoka]].<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=174118 |taxon=Serpentes |accessdate=3 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="NRDB-Cs">[http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/search.php?taxon=snake&submit=Search snake species list] at the [http://reptile-database.org/ Reptile Database]. Accessed 22 May 2012.</ref> Zinemizimba emide nebhityileyo, <ref name="BOE">{{Cite web|url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550283/snake|title=snake (reptile) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia|work=britannica.com|accessdate=4 May 2010}}</ref> kwaye, zingenamilenze zinjalo, zinendlela yazo ezihamba ngayo kunjalo nje zihamba kakhulu. Uninzi Lazo luhlala kwi[[tropics]]. Zimbalwa kakhulu iinyoka ezihlala ngaphaya kwe[[Tropic of Cancer]] okanye [[iTropic of Capricorn]], lunye kuphela uhlobo, yiviper eqhelekileyo i(''Vipera berus'') ehlala ngaphaya kwe[[Arctic Circle]]. Isikhuma sayo sogqunywe ngo[[qweqwe]]. <ref name="BOE"/> Zibona akuhle, kunjalo nje ziyakwazi ukuva ivumba ngolwimi lwazo ngokuthi ziman'ukulikhuphela ngaphandle ziphinde zilungenise ngaphakathi. Azidibani ke nokungcangcazela komhlaba. Nangona zingenalizwi, ziya[[swesweza]]. Inkoliso yazo zihlala emhlabeni, ezinye zihlala emanzini, ezimbalwa zihlala ngaphantsi ko[[mhlaba]]. Njengazo zonke izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iinyoka zifuna ubushushu [[belanga]] ukuze zikwazi ukulawula ubushushu bemizimba yazo. Yiyi le nto iinyoka ezininzi zihlala kubushushu [[obunomoya ofumileyo]] bakwingingqi ye[[tropical]] kwihlabathi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antiguanracer.org/html/racer/snakef.htm|title=Snake facts|work=antiguanracer.org|accessdate=4 May 2010|archive-date=6 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106090629/http://www.antiguanracer.org/html/racer/snakef.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Ukukhangela== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ezihlambulukileyo‎]] {{Stub}} rkxwyi8lzsvsaasq9dsoaxedl235agm 0 3915 40839 40772 2026-06-12T14:31:45Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Good Food Display - NCI Visuals Online.jpg|thumb|260px|Iintlobo-ntlobo zokutya]] [[File:Foods (cropped).jpg|thumb|260px|Ukutya okuvela kwizityalo]] '''Ukutya''' yiyo nantonina <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212568/food Encyclopædia Britannica definition]</ref> esisondlo nenkxaso yomzimba. Idla ngokuba yinto esuka kwisityalo okanye isilwanyana ngokwemveli, kwaye iba yinto equlathe izakha mzimba ezinje ngamafutha, iiproteyini, iivithamini, okanye iityuwa neeswekile zomzimba . Zonke ke ezi zinto zikukutya okuthi kungeniswe emzimbeni zizidalwa eziphilayo zize ke iimbewu zegazi (iicell) zomzimba zizithaphulele ke kuzo ezi zinto zikukutya ngeenjongo zokuba zibenamandla, zibenobomi, okanye zikhule kakuhle. HNgokwembali, abantu bazigcinela ukutya ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokuzingela nangokudibana, nangokulima. Namhlanje, inkoliso yokutya kwamandla okufunwa ngamandla kukwanda koluntu lwehlabathi kuziswa ngamashishini okutya. Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokugcinwa kokutya kukhuselekile kusesweni lwamagosa anjenge International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, okanye International Food Information Council. == Imithomba == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ukutya| ]] [[Category:NUTRITION]] 6l19x0im3u7fkgmmiucbjd04ruknarm 0 4002 40850 40823 2026-06-12T14:33:31Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''U-Winnie Madikizela-Mandela''' (Owaziwa nanjengo-'''Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela'''; wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo1936<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000023223/ Winnie Mandela]. nndb.com</ref> – wasishiya ngomhla wesi-2 kuTshazimpuzi ngo2018) Igama lakhe lobuntombi ngu Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela, wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 kweyoMsintsi ngo 1936<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref>. Xa sithetha ngale nzwakazi sithetha ngetsha-ntliziyo kwezopolitiko elalibambe izikhundla ezininzi kurhulumente wentando yesininzi. Wayekwakhokhele umbutho wamanina [[I-African National congress| kaKhongolose]]. Wayekwalelinye lamalungu aphambili esigqeba sekomiti [[i-African National Congress| yeANC]]. Usweleke ngomhla wesi-2 KuTshazimpuzi 2018 eGoli kwiphondo laseRhawutini. WINNIE MANDELA<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winnie Mandela - Mzantsi Afrika|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/winnie-mandela.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> ==Iqela lokuqala== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== uMam’u'''Winnie''' wazalelwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbizana_Local_Municipality eMbizana], kwilali yesa Mbongweni eMpuma Koloni ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesi thandathu(26) kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka 1936. Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama Getrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele sase[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto Soweto] i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. '''Ingcinezelo''' uMam’uWinnie umele isizukulwana seenkokheli zeli loMzantsi-Afrika kunye nabantu basetyhini abantsundu abebejongene nenkohlakalo yombuso wengcinezelo ngenxa yezenzo zabo zopolitiko .Wanyamezela ukuxhatshazwa ezandleni zamapolisa okhuseleko engcinezelo ngexa ejongene nokungcungcutheka ngethuba esentolongweni. Noxa wayenyamezele iintlungu ezingenako ukulityalwa, akazange azivumele ukuba zimohlukanisa nobutsha-ntliziyo kunye nobuntu bakhe. Kude kwasekupheleni, uMam’uWinnie ephakamisa ilizwi lakhe ekuxhaseni utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuluntu lwase Mzantsi Afrika. Wayebanga umthetho wentlalo, waphela emela iminqweno namaphupha abo bahluphekayo nabasweleyo belizwe lethu. ==Iqela lesibini== ===Ebutsheni bakhe=== Umama uWinnie wazalwa ngutata uColumbus Kokani nomama uGetrude Nomathamsanqa Madikizela ababe ngabafundisi-ntsapho. Ebutsheni bakhe waye wafudukela eRhawutini nalapho wabangunontlalo-ntle wezempilo ontsundu wokuqala kwisibhedlele saseSoweto i[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani_Baragwanath_Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath] esasisaziwa njenge Baragwanath ngoko. Uphando kwizinga lokubhubha kweentsana kwilokisi yase Alexandra eRhawutini kwakunye namanye amava engcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika athi amtsalela ukuba abe litsha-ntliziyo. Ngomhla we-14 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngonyaka we-1958 wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato notata u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela], baza balizwa ngeentombi ezimbini, uZenani noZindziswa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabo ngamapolisa, iintlanganiso zombutho we [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress ANC], izenzo zoqhankqalazo kwakunye namatyala omthetho yaba zizinto ezathi zaphembelela iingxaki kubomi babo bokuqala emtshatweni. ===Ingcinezelo=== Kwinyanga yeDwarha kunyaka we-1958, umama uWinnie wathabatha inxaxheba kumngcelele wabantu basetyhini olwaluququzelelwe ngumama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Lillian Ngoyi], umama u[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Ngoyi Albertina Sisulu] kwakunye nabanye. Ngexesha lomngcelele amapolisa aye abamba abantu basetyhini abangaphezulu kwe Waka. Umama uWinnie nabanye bachitha iiveki ezimbini entolongweni nje ngophawu lokuqhubekeka nomngcelele. Yaba sesi siganeko esakhokelelwa ekubeni umama uWinnie abe yinkokheli ephume izandla kwezopolitiko. ==Iqela lesithathu== ===Ixesha lengcinezelo=== Ebedlala indima yobukhokheli kuphulo lwe [http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/we-stand-by-our-leaders ‘We stand by our leaders’] exhasa amabanjwa onyaka we-1956 ukuya kunyaka we-1991. Phakathi kwamathenjwa akhe kwakukho umama uNgoyi ehamba nomama uHelen Joseph ingabo bobabini abantu basetyhini ababebekwe ityala. Ukusukela ngo-1961 ebexhomekeke kwinqubo zemiyalelo ezisemthethweni eziphantse azaphazanyiswa, eziye zamvalela isakhono sakhe sokusebenza nokunxibelelana. Ngo-1962 uye walahlekelwa ngumnyeni wakhe owayevalelwe ixesha elide entilongweni waze wadibana naye ngo-1990. Umama uWinnie wayesoloko exhatshazwa, engcungcuthekiswa. Kwaye abantwana bakhe babengamaxhoba ngo-1962. Wayengavumelekanga phantsi kwe-Suppression of Communission Act, ngexesha wayevalelekile e-Orlando, eSoweto. ==Iqela lesine== Le nto yathintela iintshukumo zakhe kwisithili soomantyi sase-[https://www.joburg.org.za/ Johannesburg], amvalela ekungeneni kwiingcango zemfundo kwakunye nasekuthabatheni inkxaxheba athethe nakweyiphi na intlanganiso akanye imihlangano enabantu abangaphezulu kwesibini.Wasebenzela i-[https://web.archive.org/web/20180530055944/http://anc.org.za/splash/index ANC] emfihlakalweni ehamba iintlanganiso washicilela ehambisa amaphetshana phantsi kovalelo lwasendlini ngonyaka we-1970. Ngenxa yokuphinda-phinda ukuphikisana nemithetho awayeyinikiwe, ngonyaka we-'''1965''' wabaqatha umthetho omthintela ukuba ahambe aphume e-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Soweto Orlando West]. Iziphumo zale mithetho yabakukuphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe nje ngonontlalontle. Ngobusuku bomhla we-12 kuTshazimpuzi ngonyaka we-'''1969''', uMam’Winnie nosapho lwakhe bavuswa yingxolo eqhelekileyo yokugaleleka kwamapolisa. Amapolisa amohlukanisa nabantwana bakhe phantsi komthetho wonyaka we-'''1967''' wobunqolobi. Waye wohlwaywa ngokubekwa yedwa iintsuku ezingama-491 ( ezizinyanga ezili-17) phantsi komgaqo wobunqolobi.Ngo 1963 emva kokuba uNelson Mandela abanjwe emva kwetyala lase Revonia waba bubusa bakhe esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka engama 27 ewayayichithe etolongweni ==Ixesha lengcinezelo== Ngethuba umama uWinnie akhululwe ngalo entolongweni, kubekho imithetho engqingqwa eyayirhintyela iintshukumo zakhe. Ngaphandle kwezithintelo zomthetho, ukwazile ukuyombona umyeni wakhe '''eRobben island''' ngexesha elingangemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngonyaka we-1973, waye wabanjwa wanikwa isigwebo seenyanga ezilishumi elinambini kwintolongo igamalayo liyi '''Kroonstad Women’s Prison'''. Uye wakhululwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngokothusayo imithetho yorhintyelo ngakuye zange ihlaziywe. Umama uWinnie uye wasebenzisana noGqirha [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nthato_Motlana Nthato Motlana] ukusuka [https://web.archive.org/web/20170824053158/http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/keywords/black-parents-association iSoweto Parents Association] ngonyaka we-1976 kwinyanga kaCanzibe. Babexakekile lulutsha kunye nabazali ababebanjiwe, nabalimeleyo kuqhankqalazo kunye nababuleweyo kwinyanga yeSilimela kunyaka we-1976. Emveni kokulandelela uqhankqalazo lwabafundi eSoweto, waye wabaselugcinweni ngaphandle kokubekwa ityala kangangeenyanga ezintlanu, kwaze kweyoMqungu ngonyaka we-1977 wanikwa imithetho emitsha emnyanzelisayo ukuba aye elubhacweni '''eBredfort''' kwiphondo lase [[IPhondo yaFreyistata|Freyistatata]]Wayekhokhela umbutho wamanina ka khongolose. ==Inguqulelo kwiDemokhrasi== Ngazo zonke iindlela, ukunqunyaniselwa kukamama uWinnie [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandfort eBrandfort] kwabuyelisa umva abacinezeli. Ngethuba wayeseBrandfort wamisela iiprojecti eziliqela kuquka iiprojecti zolimo, ezempilo, ezothungo lwempahla, ezogcino lwabantwana, iprojecti yokuphekela abantu abangathathi ntweni, wavula nekhaya lokugcina abantwana abangenabazali nabantwana abophula imithetho. Umama uWinnie akazange awuthobele umthetho owayewumiselwe, waze wabuyela eSoweto kwiminyaka yama-1980 wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kumzabalazo ochasa ingcinezelo. Iminyaka yama-1980 yaphawulwa ngumzabalazo woluntu nayimfumba yabantu abathatha inxaxheba kulo mzabalazo ku[[UMzantsi_Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] jikelele, ikhokhelwa ngumama uWinnie ubuqu, eSoweto. uRhulumente wengcinezelo wabuyisela ngobundlobongela obumandla kuba waye wafaka amajoni kwiilokishi wabhengeza izimo zokungxamisiseka ezimbini. Ukuzimisela kukamama uWinne kumzabalazo woluntu ingakumbi owabasetyhini, kwamkhokhela ekubeni onyulwe ngonyaka we-1993 abengumongameli [https://web.archive.org/web/20161206003424/http://womensleague.anc.org.za/ wombutho wamanina we-ANC] kwaye emva koko waphinda wonyulwa kwakhona leliqela ngonyaka we-1997 waliphatha de kwafika unyaka wama-2003. ==Amawonga neembasa== Emveni konyaka we-1994, wachongwa nje ngosekela Mphathiswa wobugcisa, inkcubeko, nzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Kunyaka we-1984, washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/70067.Part_of_My_Soul_Went_with_Him '''Part Of My Soul'''] waphinda ngonyaka wama-2013 washicelela incwadi ethi-[https://www.nelsonmandela.org/news/entry/491-days-prisoner-number-1323-69-winnie-mandelas-book-now-on-shelves '''491: Prisoner Number 1323/69'''] eyayibhekiswe kumzukulwana wakhe ongasekhoyo uZenani. Isekelwe kwi-jenali awayibhala ngemfihlo ngexesha lakhe eseluvalelweni. Kule ncwadi, uthetha ngentlungu ngokuhlukaniswa nabantwana bakhe nange ndlela eyambumba ngayo wabanguye. Umama u-Winnie wayelibhinqa lase-Afrika elizingcayo elazondelela ekulweni ukungabikho kobulungisa kwilizwe lakhe. Wayesazi ukuba yayingumsebenzi ongenambulelo kwaye zange anyamezele ubunzima ngeenjongo zokuzuza uzuko, koko wayefuna inkululeko yabantu bakhe. Wazimelisa uninzi lolutsha lamatsha-ntliziyo elalizibandekanye nenkululeko nobulungisa eluntwini. Ngale ndima wawongwa njengoMongameli obekekileyo wanaphakade we-[http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/congress-south-african-students-cosas Congress Of South African Students]. Umama u-Winnie ushiya ngasemva: IiNkosazana ezibekekileyo uZenani Dlamini noZindziswa Mandela; abazukulwana bakhe: uZaziwe, uZamaswazi, uZinhle, uZoleka, uZondwa, uBambatha, uZozuko and uZwelabo: isizukulwane sakhe: uZiyanda, uZiphokazi, uZwelami, uZamakhosi, uZazi, uZiwelane, uZenkosi, uZanyiwe, uZinokuhle, uZiyalo noZenzelwe.Wayesebenza njengelunga le Palamente ukusukela ngonyaka ka 1994 ukuya ku 2003. ==Imithombo== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madikizela Mandela, Winnie}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] 004vov24jwq50cpfxz3z06zyz1vxv0r 0 4126 40860 40764 2026-06-12T14:44:10Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KreleSword|KreleSword]] ([[User talk:KreleSword|talk]]): Rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode (TwinkleGlobal) 40860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[eMonti]]''' ([[isiNgesi]]: '''East London''', [[isiBhulu|ngesiBhulu]]: '''Oos-Londen'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |title=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=15 May 2011}}</ref> esi sisixeko esizinze phaya kunxweme lwakummzantsi-mpuma [[waseMzantsi Afrika]]. Esi sixeko simi kuma-32.97°S nakuma-27.87°E<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm |title=South Africa Cities |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |date=15 April 2011 |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084248/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm }}</ref> kwisixeko iBuffalo City kwi[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Phondo laseMpuma Koloni]]. Isixeko sizinze phaya ngakunxweme lolwandle lwaseIndiya, ubukhulu becacala siphakathi komlambo iBuffalo nakumlambo iNxarhun, kwangu nguwo owamkela iziko lemilambo kweli lizwe. Sithetha nje esi sixeko saseMonti sinoluntu olungaphaya kwama-267,000 kummamndla osisixekokazi.<ref>[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/260]</ref> == Imbali == [[File:City Hall Oxford Street.jpg|thumb|250px|]] uLieutenant John Bailie womkhosi waselwandle, omnye wabaphangi-mhlaba weminyaka yoo-1820, wahlola umlomo womlambo iBuffalo waza wafumana idolophu ngo-1836, isikhumbuzo seNduli esisisiBonakaliso sokukhumbula nokunika imbeko kwesi siganeko.<ref>''The Story of the British Settlers of 1820 in South Africa'' - H. E. Hockly (Juta & Co., 1948)</ref> Isixeko sakhiwa ngakumlambo [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]] kwaye sasisaya kwaziwa ngokokuba yiPort Rex. Oku kuzinza kunxweme lwaseNtshona kwaba yinkaba yeMonti, eyathi yakhuliswa de yaba kwizinga lesixeko ngokupheleleyo ngo-1914. Ngeminyaka yokuqala kwiNkulungwane ye-19th iimfazwe ezazibanjwe phakathi kwabavukeli baseBritane kunye nabahlali bakule ngingqi ababeng[[amaXhosa]], isixeko saseMonti sasisebenza njengovimba oxhobisa imikhosi amakomkhulu emikhosi eyayikufuphi ne Qonce, eyayikude kangangamashumi amathathu eemayile. Isakhiwo somkhosi waseBritane, i-Fort Glamorgan, sakhiwa ekuNxweme lwaseMntla ngo-1847, saza sanikezelwa kiKoloni yaseKapa kwakuloo mnyaka mnye. Esi sakhiwo sesinye semingcelele yezakhiwo ezi lolu hlobo ezathi zakhiwa yiBritane, eziquka iFort Murray, iFort White, iFort Cox, iFort Hare kunye neFort Beaufort, kwingingqi eyayizinze umkhosi neyathi yabizwa ngokuba yiBritish Kaffraria. Kwathi ngokuya kusakhiwa iziko elukunxweme bafika abavukeli beenzalelwane zale ngingqi, sele bequka nabavukeli baseJamani, uninzi lwabo ingamasoka. ngabo kaloku abafika bafaka amagama esiJamani kwinxalenye yeedolophu kule ngingqi yaseMonti amagama afana neCumakala kunye neBerlin. Unanamhla oku, iifani zamaJamani ezifana noo- Gehring, Salzwedel kunye noo-Peinke zisaxhaphakile eMonti, kodwa zona iinzalelwane zabavukeli zakhawuleza zatshintsha zaphila ubuNgesi. Indawo eyakhelwa umkhosi ngakunxweme ekhoyo kungoku nje, kanye kumlomo womlambo iBuffalo, othungela kulwandle lwaseIndiya, yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1870. Ngo-1872, ikoloni yaseKapa, phantsi kweNkulumbusoyokuqala uJohn Molteno, wathi wawongwa ngesidanga sokuzimela geqe yiBritani. Lo rhulumente mtsha wathi wamanya indawo ezintathu zaseMonti ezazingabamelwane, iMonti, impuma yeMonti kunye nePanmure ngo-1873, zatsho zenza lo Masipala simbonayo ngoku, kwaye ngo-1876 yaqala yaba sisakhiwo kwingingqi yeendlela zikaloliwe, yaqala kunxweme lomlambo. Ngaxesha nye, yaqala yakha isakhiwo sesitishi seenqanawa nezikhephe. Esi sakhiwo sitsha saxesha ukwanda kwesi sixeko, satsho ngesixeko saseMonti, isixeko sanamhlanje esimbeje-mbeje nesiqaqambileyo. <ref>Burman, Jose (1984). ''Early Railways at the Cape''. Cape Town. Human & Rousseau, p.81. ISBN 0-7981-1760-5</ref><ref>Bond J.: ''They were South Africans''. London: Oxford University Press. 1956. Chapter 19, ''The Makers of Railways: John Molteno''. p.170.</ref> Ibhlorho elihlobo olulodwa ezibhlorho ezimbini ezibelekeneyo phezu komlambo iBuffalo yaaqgitywa ukwakhiwa ngo-1935 kwaye unanamhla oku, ikukuphela kwebhlorho elolu hlobo kuMzantsi afrika uphela. Ezona ndawo zimtsalane ngempucuko zibandakanya i ziko lemiboniso yezilwanyana nezinto zemveli eMonti ekulikhaya leecoelacanth, intlanzi yembali zamandulo, ekucingwa ukuba azisekho, zifumaneka ngqo eChalumna Mouth kufuphi naseMonti zifunyanwa ngabalobi ngo-1938, kunye nenqwaba yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo nekuyeyesikhumbuzo. Esi sixeko saziwa njengendawo yokuloba, kunjalo nje iindawo zokonwaba nekudadwa kuzo ziyinxalenye yeendawo ezakhe zantle apha kweli lizwe. == UbuRhulumente nezoPolitiko == Ngo-1961, imimandla exhake iMonti yaamiselwa njengamaphandle abantu abamnyama kwabaseCiskei ngaseNtshona kwaza kwas eTranskei ngaseMpuma. Yazibona iMonti sele irhangqiwe macala onke ngaphandle kwaseMantla yaza yenza loo nto ukuba ingabinakuzinza ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lengcinezelo. Umhleli wephepha-ndaba laloo ngingqi, i''Daily Dispatch'', yayinguDonald Woods, owaphalaza imbali yokugetyengwa kuka[[Steve Biko|Steve Biko]], itshantlizyo lenkokheli yomanyano lwamaAfrika nombhali wencwadi esihloko sayo sithi ''I Write What I Like'', egetyengwa ekwizandla zamapolisa okhuselo lwaseMzantsi Afrika eBhayi, kweyomMsintsi ngo-1977. Ibali likaDonald Woods lashicilelwa kumboniso bhanya-bhanya weHollywood othi ''Cry Freedom''. Sithetha nje nanko umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBiko uthe ngcu unomtsalane ngaphandle kweholokazi lesixeko saseMonti. Ixesha lokukwaywa koMzantsi Afrika lihlabathi olwathi lwalandela ngeminyaka yoo-1980s lwalwenzakalisa uqoqosho lwesitishi seenqanawa saseMonti. Uqoqosho olumandla lwakutsha nje kuleminyaka imbalwa igqithileyo, lusenziwa ngamaqumrhu afana noo-Daimler Chrysler, yaza loo nto yangunozala wokuphuhliswa nokukhuliswa nokuphuculwa kwesi sitishi seenqanawa kuquka nesemoto entsha. Ngo-2000, iMonti yaba yinxalenye yeBuffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, umdibaniso wedolophu yaseQonce, [[iBhisho]] kunye noMdantsane kwaye inesihlalo kwi-Metro. == Uqoqosho == [[File:East London Airport, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Isikhululo seenqwelo-ntaka zaseMonti]] iMonti iliziko loshishino lwesibini ukubalikhulu kweli Phondo. Ushishino lweemoto lungoyena mqeshi ukhonyayo. esona sityalo seDaimler sithe ngcu ecaleni kwesitishi seenqanawa, apho kwenziwa khona i[[Mercedes-Benz]] nezinye iinqwelo-mafutha ezenzelwa ukuthengiswa kwalapha ekuhlaleni, nokuthunyelwa e[[United States|Melika]] naseiBrazil. Aanye amashishini aquka impahla yokunxiba, iindwangu, amachiza, nokwenziwa kokutya. Ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kude kuye kutsho kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, urhulumente weingcinezelo nocalu-calulo waloba ngokuveza irhafu ehamba nomvuzo ngeenjongo zokutsala oosomashishini kwinto eyayibizwa ngokuba ngoko ng[['amazwe abantu abamnyama abazimeleyo', kuquka elikufutshane iCiskei. Lwatsho lwavela macala uqoqosho kumazwe aye engomakhelwane afana neFort Jackson kunye naseDimbaza, lushiya iMonti iyodwa ngokufanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yombutho olwel yangelo xesha ayizange ibenakho ukwenza nto malunga nenkqubela ekwenzeni ubuhlobo obububo kwezemesebenzi. Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko kwezothutho kwaya kusiba kubi ngakumbi zaza neenzame eziyimisebenzi yawa phantis. Ukukhuthaza ukonga eMonti, indawo yokuphuhlisa ushishino eMonti ''East London Industrial Development Zone'' (IDZ) yathi yafunyanwa eWest Bank ngo-2004, kufutshane nedolophu nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. umhlaba ongangama-1500ha waveliswa, kwaye isiza sesinye samaziko ophuhliso amane emzantsi afrika. Ezothutho eMonti zixhumana nazo zonke ezinye iindawo eMzantsi afrika. Umgaqo okumphakamo iN2 uxhumana neendlela ezinqumla kwesi sixeko zisiya e[[iKapa|kapa]] neziya e[[Thekwini|Thekwini]], ube okumphakamo weN6 udibana neMonti ngendlela eya kwisixeko sase[[iBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseMonti, esili-10&nbsp;leekhilomitha ukusuka phakathi naphakathi kwisixeko saseMonti, luneenqwelo-moya ezihamba mihla le zisiya kuzo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. == Ezemidlalo== [[iQakambha]] ngumdlalo othandwa kakhulu apha eMonti. Icala leQakambha elingumdibaniso webhoda/neQakambha yephondo leMpuma Koloni laziwa ngokuba yiWarriors lilo elithabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwephondo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu. Owayesakuba yi-Proteas wicketkeeper uMark Boucher nekungoku nje ubambe iingxelo zovavanyo kumatyeli amaninzi ngokuchithwa yi-wicketkeeper ngokwesiphakamiso saseMonti. KwiStadium saseesikwipaki yase-Buffalo eMonti saasingatha umdlalo ngokhuphiswano lweICC indebe yeQakambha kwihlabathi ngo-2003 nakwimidlalo emibini ka2009 ye-League [[Indian Premier League|i-Indian Premier League.]] <!-- The Buffalo Road Running Club of East London has created two established events that have gained international recognition. They are the Old Mutual Buffalo 42,2&nbsp;km marathon, which is held in February/March each year, and South Africa's oldest 160&nbsp;km extreme ultra marathon, the Washie, over a picturesque and undulating coastal route from Port Alfred to the city.--> Eminye imidlalo ebanjwayo apha iquka [[amanqindi]], imountain biking, iskydiving, aeyeembaleki, umdyarho wamahashe nemmidlalo emininzi yamanzi efana nesurfing, ukuqubha, iscuba diving, ukuloba, ukudada ngesikhephe, kunye newindsurfing. ==Utyelelo == [[File:East london beach1.jpg|thumb|Ulwandle lwaseMonti]] Iindawo zokutyelela ziquka: iYellowsands, iGlen Eden, iGqunube, iQueensbury Bay, [[iCintsa]] eNtshona naseMpuma Cintsa. == Iindawo ezinomtsalane == *Umzi wezilwanyana eMonti *Umzi waseMonti onezinto zembali nezinto ezonwabisayo *Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve *uMpongo Private Game Reserve *iYellow Sands Caravan Park == Iziphaluka nemozulu == {{climate chart |East London |18 |26 |69 |19 |26 |92 |18 |25 |105 |15 |24 |83 |13 |23 |52 |11 |21 |40 |10 |21 |47 |11 |21 |78 |12 |21 |80 |14 |22 |102 |16 |23 |110 |17 |25 |63 |float = right |clear = right |source = SAWS }} iMonti linemozulu eshushu (Köppen ''Cfa/Cfb''), iqondo layo lifudumele njengakunxweme lwaseMonti. Nangona kungekho xesha lanyaka lunembalela apha, kubakho ukoma ebusika, kutsho kubekho intwasahlobo ne..... <!-- O DEAR! NEEDS TRANSLATION.............. there is a drying trend in the winter, with the wettest times of year being "spring" and "autumn". There is also a shorter and lesser dry period in December and January. The all-time record low is 3 C, and the all-time record high is 42 C. The hottest temperatures have been recorded in springtime, rather than the summer months. Temperatures above 38 C have only been recorded early in the season, from August to December. Although temperatures have never dropped below freezing since records began, East London has recorded snowfall in 1985 and 1989.<ref name="East London Historical Weather Records">{{cite web |url = http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/East_London/688580.htm |title = East London Historical Weather Records |accessdate = 25 February 2012 |publisher=TuTiempo.net}}</ref>...............--> ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Izixeko zasemZantsi Afrika]] ih3vpuvzzb3u6tqf5lflah6mh491ekk 40867 40860 2026-06-13T00:24:29Z InternetArchiveBot 10408 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[eMonti]]''' ([[isiNgesi]]: '''East London''', [[isiBhulu|ngesiBhulu]]: '''Oos-Londen'''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |title=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176733/East-London |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=15 May 2011}}</ref> esi sisixeko esizinze phaya kunxweme lwakummzantsi-mpuma [[waseMzantsi Afrika]]. Esi sixeko simi kuma-32.97°S nakuma-27.87°E<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm |title=South Africa Cities |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |date=15 April 2011 |accessdate=15 May 2011 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084248/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/south-africa/cities.htm }}</ref> kwisixeko iBuffalo City kwi[[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Phondo laseMpuma Koloni]]. Isixeko sizinze phaya ngakunxweme lolwandle lwaseIndiya, ubukhulu becacala siphakathi komlambo iBuffalo nakumlambo iNxarhun, kwangu nguwo owamkela iziko lemilambo kweli lizwe. Sithetha nje esi sixeko saseMonti sinoluntu olungaphaya kwama-267,000 kummamndla osisixekokazi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/260 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2013-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018061835/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/260 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Imbali == [[File:City Hall Oxford Street.jpg|thumb|250px|]] uLieutenant John Bailie womkhosi waselwandle, omnye wabaphangi-mhlaba weminyaka yoo-1820, wahlola umlomo womlambo iBuffalo waza wafumana idolophu ngo-1836, isikhumbuzo seNduli esisisiBonakaliso sokukhumbula nokunika imbeko kwesi siganeko.<ref>''The Story of the British Settlers of 1820 in South Africa'' - H. E. Hockly (Juta & Co., 1948)</ref> Isixeko sakhiwa ngakumlambo [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]] kwaye sasisaya kwaziwa ngokokuba yiPort Rex. Oku kuzinza kunxweme lwaseNtshona kwaba yinkaba yeMonti, eyathi yakhuliswa de yaba kwizinga lesixeko ngokupheleleyo ngo-1914. Ngeminyaka yokuqala kwiNkulungwane ye-19th iimfazwe ezazibanjwe phakathi kwabavukeli baseBritane kunye nabahlali bakule ngingqi ababeng[[amaXhosa]], isixeko saseMonti sasisebenza njengovimba oxhobisa imikhosi amakomkhulu emikhosi eyayikufuphi ne Qonce, eyayikude kangangamashumi amathathu eemayile. Isakhiwo somkhosi waseBritane, i-Fort Glamorgan, sakhiwa ekuNxweme lwaseMntla ngo-1847, saza sanikezelwa kiKoloni yaseKapa kwakuloo mnyaka mnye. Esi sakhiwo sesinye semingcelele yezakhiwo ezi lolu hlobo ezathi zakhiwa yiBritane, eziquka iFort Murray, iFort White, iFort Cox, iFort Hare kunye neFort Beaufort, kwingingqi eyayizinze umkhosi neyathi yabizwa ngokuba yiBritish Kaffraria. Kwathi ngokuya kusakhiwa iziko elukunxweme bafika abavukeli beenzalelwane zale ngingqi, sele bequka nabavukeli baseJamani, uninzi lwabo ingamasoka. ngabo kaloku abafika bafaka amagama esiJamani kwinxalenye yeedolophu kule ngingqi yaseMonti amagama afana neCumakala kunye neBerlin. Unanamhla oku, iifani zamaJamani ezifana noo- Gehring, Salzwedel kunye noo-Peinke zisaxhaphakile eMonti, kodwa zona iinzalelwane zabavukeli zakhawuleza zatshintsha zaphila ubuNgesi. Indawo eyakhelwa umkhosi ngakunxweme ekhoyo kungoku nje, kanye kumlomo womlambo iBuffalo, othungela kulwandle lwaseIndiya, yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1870. Ngo-1872, ikoloni yaseKapa, phantsi kweNkulumbusoyokuqala uJohn Molteno, wathi wawongwa ngesidanga sokuzimela geqe yiBritani. Lo rhulumente mtsha wathi wamanya indawo ezintathu zaseMonti ezazingabamelwane, iMonti, impuma yeMonti kunye nePanmure ngo-1873, zatsho zenza lo Masipala simbonayo ngoku, kwaye ngo-1876 yaqala yaba sisakhiwo kwingingqi yeendlela zikaloliwe, yaqala kunxweme lomlambo. Ngaxesha nye, yaqala yakha isakhiwo sesitishi seenqanawa nezikhephe. Esi sakhiwo sitsha saxesha ukwanda kwesi sixeko, satsho ngesixeko saseMonti, isixeko sanamhlanje esimbeje-mbeje nesiqaqambileyo. <ref>Burman, Jose (1984). ''Early Railways at the Cape''. Cape Town. Human & Rousseau, p.81. ISBN 0-7981-1760-5</ref><ref>Bond J.: ''They were South Africans''. London: Oxford University Press. 1956. Chapter 19, ''The Makers of Railways: John Molteno''. p.170.</ref> Ibhlorho elihlobo olulodwa ezibhlorho ezimbini ezibelekeneyo phezu komlambo iBuffalo yaaqgitywa ukwakhiwa ngo-1935 kwaye unanamhla oku, ikukuphela kwebhlorho elolu hlobo kuMzantsi afrika uphela. Ezona ndawo zimtsalane ngempucuko zibandakanya i ziko lemiboniso yezilwanyana nezinto zemveli eMonti ekulikhaya leecoelacanth, intlanzi yembali zamandulo, ekucingwa ukuba azisekho, zifumaneka ngqo eChalumna Mouth kufuphi naseMonti zifunyanwa ngabalobi ngo-1938, kunye nenqwaba yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo nekuyeyesikhumbuzo. Esi sixeko saziwa njengendawo yokuloba, kunjalo nje iindawo zokonwaba nekudadwa kuzo ziyinxalenye yeendawo ezakhe zantle apha kweli lizwe. == UbuRhulumente nezoPolitiko == Ngo-1961, imimandla exhake iMonti yaamiselwa njengamaphandle abantu abamnyama kwabaseCiskei ngaseNtshona kwaza kwas eTranskei ngaseMpuma. Yazibona iMonti sele irhangqiwe macala onke ngaphandle kwaseMantla yaza yenza loo nto ukuba ingabinakuzinza ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lengcinezelo. Umhleli wephepha-ndaba laloo ngingqi, i''Daily Dispatch'', yayinguDonald Woods, owaphalaza imbali yokugetyengwa kuka[[Steve Biko|Steve Biko]], itshantlizyo lenkokheli yomanyano lwamaAfrika nombhali wencwadi esihloko sayo sithi ''I Write What I Like'', egetyengwa ekwizandla zamapolisa okhuselo lwaseMzantsi Afrika eBhayi, kweyomMsintsi ngo-1977. Ibali likaDonald Woods lashicilelwa kumboniso bhanya-bhanya weHollywood othi ''Cry Freedom''. Sithetha nje nanko umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBiko uthe ngcu unomtsalane ngaphandle kweholokazi lesixeko saseMonti. Ixesha lokukwaywa koMzantsi Afrika lihlabathi olwathi lwalandela ngeminyaka yoo-1980s lwalwenzakalisa uqoqosho lwesitishi seenqanawa saseMonti. Uqoqosho olumandla lwakutsha nje kuleminyaka imbalwa igqithileyo, lusenziwa ngamaqumrhu afana noo-Daimler Chrysler, yaza loo nto yangunozala wokuphuhliswa nokukhuliswa nokuphuculwa kwesi sitishi seenqanawa kuquka nesemoto entsha. Ngo-2000, iMonti yaba yinxalenye yeBuffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, umdibaniso wedolophu yaseQonce, [[iBhisho]] kunye noMdantsane kwaye inesihlalo kwi-Metro. == Uqoqosho == [[File:East London Airport, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Isikhululo seenqwelo-ntaka zaseMonti]] iMonti iliziko loshishino lwesibini ukubalikhulu kweli Phondo. Ushishino lweemoto lungoyena mqeshi ukhonyayo. esona sityalo seDaimler sithe ngcu ecaleni kwesitishi seenqanawa, apho kwenziwa khona i[[Mercedes-Benz]] nezinye iinqwelo-mafutha ezenzelwa ukuthengiswa kwalapha ekuhlaleni, nokuthunyelwa e[[United States|Melika]] naseiBrazil. Aanye amashishini aquka impahla yokunxiba, iindwangu, amachiza, nokwenziwa kokutya. Ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kude kuye kutsho kwiminyaka yoo-1990s, urhulumente weingcinezelo nocalu-calulo waloba ngokuveza irhafu ehamba nomvuzo ngeenjongo zokutsala oosomashishini kwinto eyayibizwa ngokuba ngoko ng[['amazwe abantu abamnyama abazimeleyo', kuquka elikufutshane iCiskei. Lwatsho lwavela macala uqoqosho kumazwe aye engomakhelwane afana neFort Jackson kunye naseDimbaza, lushiya iMonti iyodwa ngokufanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yombutho olwel yangelo xesha ayizange ibenakho ukwenza nto malunga nenkqubela ekwenzeni ubuhlobo obububo kwezemesebenzi. Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko kwezothutho kwaya kusiba kubi ngakumbi zaza neenzame eziyimisebenzi yawa phantis. Ukukhuthaza ukonga eMonti, indawo yokuphuhlisa ushishino eMonti ''East London Industrial Development Zone'' (IDZ) yathi yafunyanwa eWest Bank ngo-2004, kufutshane nedolophu nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. umhlaba ongangama-1500ha waveliswa, kwaye isiza sesinye samaziko ophuhliso amane emzantsi afrika. Ezothutho eMonti zixhumana nazo zonke ezinye iindawo eMzantsi afrika. Umgaqo okumphakamo iN2 uxhumana neendlela ezinqumla kwesi sixeko zisiya e[[iKapa|kapa]] neziya e[[Thekwini|Thekwini]], ube okumphakamo weN6 udibana neMonti ngendlela eya kwisixeko sase[[iBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseMonti, esili-10&nbsp;leekhilomitha ukusuka phakathi naphakathi kwisixeko saseMonti, luneenqwelo-moya ezihamba mihla le zisiya kuzo zonke izixeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. == Ezemidlalo== [[iQakambha]] ngumdlalo othandwa kakhulu apha eMonti. Icala leQakambha elingumdibaniso webhoda/neQakambha yephondo leMpuma Koloni laziwa ngokuba yiWarriors lilo elithabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwephondo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu. Owayesakuba yi-Proteas wicketkeeper uMark Boucher nekungoku nje ubambe iingxelo zovavanyo kumatyeli amaninzi ngokuchithwa yi-wicketkeeper ngokwesiphakamiso saseMonti. KwiStadium saseesikwipaki yase-Buffalo eMonti saasingatha umdlalo ngokhuphiswano lweICC indebe yeQakambha kwihlabathi ngo-2003 nakwimidlalo emibini ka2009 ye-League [[Indian Premier League|i-Indian Premier League.]] <!-- The Buffalo Road Running Club of East London has created two established events that have gained international recognition. They are the Old Mutual Buffalo 42,2&nbsp;km marathon, which is held in February/March each year, and South Africa's oldest 160&nbsp;km extreme ultra marathon, the Washie, over a picturesque and undulating coastal route from Port Alfred to the city.--> Eminye imidlalo ebanjwayo apha iquka [[amanqindi]], imountain biking, iskydiving, aeyeembaleki, umdyarho wamahashe nemmidlalo emininzi yamanzi efana nesurfing, ukuqubha, iscuba diving, ukuloba, ukudada ngesikhephe, kunye newindsurfing. ==Utyelelo == [[File:East london beach1.jpg|thumb|Ulwandle lwaseMonti]] Iindawo zokutyelela ziquka: iYellowsands, iGlen Eden, iGqunube, iQueensbury Bay, [[iCintsa]] eNtshona naseMpuma Cintsa. == Iindawo ezinomtsalane == *Umzi wezilwanyana eMonti *Umzi waseMonti onezinto zembali nezinto ezonwabisayo *Inkwenkwezi Private Game Reserve *uMpongo Private Game Reserve *iYellow Sands Caravan Park == Iziphaluka nemozulu == {{climate chart |East London |18 |26 |69 |19 |26 |92 |18 |25 |105 |15 |24 |83 |13 |23 |52 |11 |21 |40 |10 |21 |47 |11 |21 |78 |12 |21 |80 |14 |22 |102 |16 |23 |110 |17 |25 |63 |float = right |clear = right |source = SAWS }} iMonti linemozulu eshushu (Köppen ''Cfa/Cfb''), iqondo layo lifudumele njengakunxweme lwaseMonti. Nangona kungekho xesha lanyaka lunembalela apha, kubakho ukoma ebusika, kutsho kubekho intwasahlobo ne..... <!-- O DEAR! NEEDS TRANSLATION.............. there is a drying trend in the winter, with the wettest times of year being "spring" and "autumn". There is also a shorter and lesser dry period in December and January. The all-time record low is 3 C, and the all-time record high is 42 C. The hottest temperatures have been recorded in springtime, rather than the summer months. Temperatures above 38 C have only been recorded early in the season, from August to December. Although temperatures have never dropped below freezing since records began, East London has recorded snowfall in 1985 and 1989.<ref name="East London Historical Weather Records">{{cite web |url = http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/East_London/688580.htm |title = East London Historical Weather Records |accessdate = 25 February 2012 |publisher=TuTiempo.net}}</ref>...............--> ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Izixeko zasemZantsi Afrika]] lb8q8anlcuhz1qed2vwm3gdik4swgdh 0 4231 40847 40815 2026-06-12T14:33:15Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40847 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umqombothi en ukhamba, cerveza tradicional sudafricana 01.jpg|thumb|right|UMqombothi usebenza kwisikhumba se-ukhamba, se-zulu seKapa, eMzantsi Afrika.]] '''Umqombothi''' isi<small>Xhosa libizwa ngolu hlobo:&nbsp;</small><small></small><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[um̩k͡ǃomboːtʰi]</span>, igama elithi mqombothi livela [[IsiXhosa|kulwimi lwesiXhosa]], ngokwesilungu singathi y-bee[[Ubhiya|r]] eyenziwe ngombona (ukhozo), umgubo wombona, umgubo wamazimba, igwele namanzi. Xa ixhaphakile e[[UMzantsi Afrika|mZantsi Afrika]], ibano-Vitamin B omninzi kakhulu. Umqombothi unezinga le-alcohol eliphantsi kakhulu (lidla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-3%) kwaye yaziwa ngokuba sisitshoqolo ukubamuncu. Ngokwembonakalo, obu tywala bububisirha kwaye bubalubhelu ngombala. Bunento ubujiya, buntubululu (obuvela emboneni). Umqombothi iphantsi ngexabiso kunotywala besilungu, obubiliswe ngenkoduso buze buhonjiswe ngeentyatyambo zee-hops. == Indlela yokwenza umqombothi ngokwesintu == [[File:Umqombothi in Langa.jpg|thumb|Umqombothi (Langa)]] Umqombothi ubiliswe ngokwesithethe sakwantu, kwaye oku kubanomahlukwana omncinci ngokweengingqi. Indlela zokuwenza nezinto ezixutywayo xa usenziwa zigqithiselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngokwesintu, obu tywala buphekwa emlilweni obaswe phaya phandle.   Buyakuthi ke emva koko bupholiswe kusehliswa nje ubushushu buse phaya ngaphandle.  Izinto ezixutywayo ke xa busenziwa zezi: umlinganiselo wombona, umbona ograyiweyo (umgubo wombona) kunye nomgubo wenkoduso. Umgubo wombona inika umbala omthubi utsho ubenelagrangqa levumba lotywala. Inkoduso yona inwutsho umqombothi ubemdaka ngebala.  Lo mdibaniso wotywala uxutyelwa kwimbiza ye-cast-iron, eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-potjie emZantsi Afrika. Kugalelwa umlinganiselo wezitya zamanzi ezine. Lo mxube uyekwa ubusuku bonke. Buyakuqalisa ke ukubila kubonakale kulephuza amagwebu. Kuyakuvakala ivumba elimuncu.  Intwana yentsipho iyasuswa zibekwe bucala.  Intlama eshiyekileyo iyaphekwa de ubesisidudu.  Le ntlama ke ibizwa ngokuba  sisidudu esityiwayo. Xa kusenziwa umqombothi, siyayekwa isidudu usuku lonke siphole. Emva kokuba sele sipholile,  siphokozelwa emphandeni. Inkoduso esiliweyo okanye egutyiweyo ebibekelwe bucala kuvutyelwa ngayo kwakulo mphanda. Esi sidudu ke ngoku izakuzanyiswa ngephini. Emva koko umphanda wotywala (uvalwa ngesiciko sawo, uze emva koko wombathiswe ujikelezwa ngengubo ngaphezu kweso siciko (ukugcina ubushushu). Umphanda uyakubekwa kwindawo eshushu ubusuku bonke, ukuze bukhawuleze bubile.  Indlela yemveli yokubona okokuba ingaba butsalile na obu tywala, kukuqhwitha ngomatshisi kufutshane nomphanda lowo uphethe utywala. Ukuba umlilo wematshisi uphephetheka msinya, oko kuthetha okokuba utywala bulungile. Ukuba umlilo wematshisi umi ndawonye awuphephetheki, oko kuthetha okokuba abukalungi utywala. Loo nto yenziwa kukuba le ntlama ibilayo ikhupha i-carbon dioxide eninzi, engakuvumeliyo ukuvutha kwematshisi.  Xa sele bulungile utywala, buyahluzwa ngesihluzo, ukuze kususwe iinkozo ezingenzkuseleka ekuthiwa ziintsipho. Intsalela esemazantsi embiza yesidudu kuthiwa yintshela. Intshela nayo ifakwa kwalapha kwesi sihluzo sotywala, ukuze ize nelinye ivumba.  Iintsipho ziyakhanywa ze zisasazwe ebaleni ukuze zityiwe ng[[Inkuku|amantsontsho eenkukhu]]. Ugwebu lomqombothi kwenziwa ngalo umbulelo kwizinyanya.  Xa sele buhluziwe obu tywala,  bugalela kwigongqo elikhulu elaziwa ngokuba ligogogo. xa sebugalelwe apho ke ngoku, bulengele ukuba buselwe zizihlobo nosapho.  Xa zifika iindwendwe kweli khaya kusilwe kulo, zize kungcamla kobu tywala nazo zizekuzonwabisa, ngokwesiko ziza nebhotile yebrandi, ukubonisa owabo umbuleleo.  == ukusetyenziswa komqombothi kumasiko akwaNtu.  == Umqombothi usetyenziswa kwitheko lokwamkela amadodana aziwa ngokuba ngabakwetha kwisiko lesiXhosa, emva kokuba sele ethe oluswa ngokusesikweni.  Obu tywala budlala indima enkulu xa umntu ezama ukuxhumana nezinyanya azakowabo, bukwadlala indima enkulu kwintlalo yakwaNtu, kangangokuba busoloko busetyenziswa kwimitshato yesiNtu, kwimingcwabo, nakwiimbizos (iindibano zesintu.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Murray|first1=Slater|title=Umqombothi: Africas original beer|url=http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|publisher=Beerhouse|accessdate=7 April 2016|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602034304/http://www.beerhouse.co.za/2014/10/30/umqombothi-africas-original-sorghum-beer/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Okuqatshelwayo ngokwempilo == Uphando lwakutsha nje<ref><cite class="citation journal">Odhav, B.; Naicker, V. (2002). </cite></ref> lifumanise ukuba amazimba nombona zisetyenziswa ekwenzeni umqombothi,  zisoloko zinechaphaza leentlobo ze-fungi oluyi-mold engunozala wemycotoxin eyi-Aspergillus'' spp., ''i-Penicillium'' spp., i-''Rhizopus'' spp. kunye ne-''Mucor'' spp. '' Nangona utywala osele benziwe bagqitywa bungenachaphaza la fungi;  i- 33% yamazimba otywala obuthengiswayo ane-  aflatoxins ne-45% yotywala obusilwe ekhaya bune-zearalenone kunye ne/okanye i-ochratoxin A kwimveliso yokugqibela.  Kwiphondo laseMpuma Koloni emZantsi Afrika izinga lomhlaza womqala <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livewire.co.za/features/tcancer.html |title=@Livewire - Throat Cancer |accessdate=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222201452/http://www.livewire.co.za/features/tcancer.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> liphakame kakhulu. Uphando olwenziwe libhunga lezempilo kweli lomZantsi Afrika lifumanise okokuba ii-mycotoxins kumbona otyalwe emakhaya ziinxulumene nezinga eliphezulu lesifo somhlaza.  == Kumasiko aziwayo == Eli gama lotywala siyaliva kwingoma ka[[UYvonne Chaka Chaka|Yvonne Chaka Chaka]]. Izicengcelezo zale ngoma zibubiza ngokuba y"i-magic African beer." Le ngoma yakala kumsitho wokuvula  ''i-Hotela yaseRwanda''. == Jonga nalapha == * I-Burukutu, i-Chibuku kunye ne-Munkoyo okanye 'Ibwatu' eZambia. == Kufundwe la maphepha  == {{Reflist}} njmns310wizougf8ukz5ql3h6mt3b8f 0 4328 40848 40816 2026-06-12T14:33:20Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yvonne_Ntombizodwa_Chaka_Chaka_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg|thumb|UYvonne Chaka Chaka, 2012.]] '''UYvonne Chaka Chaka''' (wazalwa engu'''Yvonne Machaka''' ngo1965) yimvumi yas[[eMzantsi Afrika]]. Edume ngokuba y"[[inkosazana yaseMzantsi Afrika]]", uChaka Chaka ubesoloko ehamba phambili njengomculi waseMzantsi Afrika odumileyo kwisithuba seminyaka engama shumi anambili 20 years. Iingoma ezifana noo"I'm Burning Up", "thank you mister dj", "I Cry for Freedom", "Makoti", "Motherland" kunye naleyo yayisaziwa ikwathandwa kakhulu "[[Umqombothi (ingoma)|Umqombothi]]" ("Utywala besiNtu") yaluqinisekisa udumo lukaYvonne. Le ngoma ithi "Umqombothi" yadlalwa kwisiqendu sokuvula umdlalo wango2004 othi[[Hotel Rwanda]]. ==Imbali ngobomi bakhe== UChaka Chaka wazalelwa [[eDobsonville]] e[[Soweto]]. Waba ngumntwana wesibini ukuvela kumabonakude waseMzantsi Afrka. Ngo1981 "uSugar Shack", owayengumboniso wokuchonga abantu abaneziphiwo nezakhono,wamazisa kuluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika ngokubanzi. UChaka Chaka waqala ukucula ene-19 ngo-1985 xa uPhil Hollis wabashicileli bakwaDephon wathi wambhaqa e [[Goli]]. Ngokufutshane emva koko, icwecwe lakhe lodumo elithi "I’m in Love With a DJ", lakhupha amacwecwe angama-35,000 awathi athengiswa, yaza ke itayitile yale ngoma yaduma izwe lonke. Ngesaquphe iingoma ezifana no"I'm Burning Up", "I Cry for Freedom", "Sangoma","Motherland" kunye nengoma yakhe yodumo ethi, "[[Umqombothi (ingoma)|Umqombothi]]" zawuqinisekisa umgangatho kaChaka Chaka njengencutshe kumboniso womculo waseMzantsi Afrika ong[[umbhanga]]. Ukhule nzima ke uChaka Chaka. Uyise wasutywa kukufa xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 wabe yena unina, owayeng [[umsebenzi wasemakhitshini]], ekwakhulisa iintombi zakhe ezintathu ngentwana yomvuzo wama-40[[irandi yaseMzantsi Afrika|eeRand]] ngenyanga. Uneediploma ezimbini azifumene kw[[iDyunivesithi yomMzantsi Afrika]], enye uyifumene kwiMfundo yabadala, enye wayifumana kkuburhulumente bengingqi, kulawulo management nemsebenzi. Ufunde nendlela yokuthetha kwiqonga lemidlalo kw[[ikholeji yaseTrinity, eLondon]], waza wasifumana isiqinisekiso ngo1997. Ekhupha amacwecwe ancamisa umxhelo, elinye emva kwelinye, imbasa eyalandela le mpumelelo yamacwecwe akhe iquka iingoma ezifana noo"Burning Up", i"Sangoma", "Who’s The Boss", "Motherland", " Be Proud to be African", "Thank You Mr DJ", "Back on my Feet", "Rhythm of Life", "Who's got the Power", "Bombani ( Tiko Rahini), "Power of Afrika", "Yvonne and Friends" and "Kwenzenjani". UChaka Chaka bekunye nomyeni wakhe uGq. uMandlalele Mhinga banenkampani yelimousine, unomculo wakhe obizwa ngaye kunye nenkampani evelisa umculo ekuyeyakhe. ngamaxesha athile Ufundisa abafundi abadala [[ukufunda nokubhala]] kwiDyunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika, uhlalele iibhodi ezininzi zemibutho yesisa nemibutho ekungeyo yaseburhulumenteni, waza wanika inkozo yakhe nakwibhodi yenkampani yabaTyeleli yaseGoli. Ekubalulekeni kwakhe kubizo lwakhe lo kaChakaChaka udibene nabantu abafana no[[Nelson Mandela]] (wacula kumnyhadala wokuvuyisana nama-85 ezelwe), ne[[Elizabeth II waseUnited Kingdom|Nkosazana]] kunye no[[Oprah Winfrey]]. Isidima sikaChaka Chaka njenge"Nkosazana yaseAfrika" bubungqina bokunxhumana kwakhe nabantu basekuhlaleni kwakunye neziphatha-mandla. Nokokuba sele eculela iiKumkani, iNkosazana, ooMongameli kunye namakhosikazi abo okanye neekhonshathi zamashishini; uyakusoloko ebuyela kwabo abathandayo - abalandeli bakhe kunye neentsapho zabaphulaphuli bezixeko ezinkulu zaseMzantsi Afrika, ezilokishini nakumaphandle okanye ezilalini. U"Mama Africa", u[[Miriam Makeba]] wayethetha athi ngaye "Ngumntwana wam!", u[[Hugh Masekela]] ongeze ngelithi uYvonne ng"umtshana wam oligeza". Amagqala anje ngo[[Dolly Rathebe]] kunye no[[Dorothy Masuka]] bamchaza umculo kaYvonne nje "ngento bonke abantu abamelwe kukuyimanmela". Xa wayebuzwa ngoyena mntu amthamda kakhulu, uChaka Chaka Chaka wathi "Ngumama kuba ubesoloko enam. Umama ukhulise intombi zakhe ezintathu eyedwa ngomvuzo womsebenzi wasemakhitshini. Oko kwaxabisa inkuthazo kunye namandla angummangaliso. Unguxhasi kunye negorha lam. Ukuzalwa kwa ngo1965 eSoweto, kwakungexesha [[ingcinezelo, nocalucalulo ngobuhlanga|localucalulo ngobuhlanga]], lawo kwakungamaxesha okunyuk' umnqantsa, kunzima, kutshis'ibunzi. Utata wayephum'izandla kwezomculo kodwa zange nakancinane akwazi ukuliphumeza iphupha lakhe. Wasweleka xa kanye ndine-11 leminyaka ubudala. Ndifuze abazali bam ngesi siphiwo somculo, ngoko ke umculo yinto ebisoloko isegazini lam. Ndisemncinane ndandibetha inkonkxa engenanto, ndivuthele nentonga yomtshayelo ndiyenza umboko wokucula. Ndandicula kw[[iikwayala zecawa]]. Ndiyawuthanda umculo. Ndisikelelekile ngoku sele ndide ndabe ndilusabele ndaluphumeza ubizo lwam, kwaye ndiye ndanakho ukwenza oko utata angazange abenakho ukukwenza." Wendele kuTiny Mhinga ozalana noMavivi Myakayaka Manzini nongumalume kaLebohang Manzini. {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaka Chaka, Yvonne}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] 4qwugg4b9akas9zx2cujpyjpvpti7ia 0 4350 40858 40717 2026-06-12T14:42:37Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KhanyaMaseti|KhanyaMaseti]] ([[User talk:KhanyaMaseti|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 40858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zahara Nairobi (cropped).JPG|thumb]] '''Zahara''' (wazalwa '''Bulelwa Mkutukana''', ngomhla we9 kweyeNkanga ngo1987 - 11 Eyo Mnga ngo2023) ngumlonjikazi ekwambhali weengoma, yimbongikazi, is a South African singer-songwriter, poet, ukwaluphawu lomzekelo wesithunya kwisibhedlele sabantwana iNelson Mandela ''Children's Hospital''. Waqala ukucula kwikwayala yasesikolweni sakhe eneminyaka emithandathu qwaba ubudala, waza wathi xa aminyaka iluthoba ubudala wayalelwa ukuba acule kwikwayala yabadala ngenxa yelizwi lakhe elivakala ligqamile. Ngo2011 uZahara wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lodumo elithi ''[[Loliwe]]'', elabonakalisa yimpumelelo enkulu; yaba kwizinga le''platinum'' kwiintsuku nje ezili-13 laza lalatyuza emva nje kweentsuku ezili-17 laba sele likwizinha le''double platinum'', lathisa ngaphaya kwama100,000 eekopi eMzantsi Afrika. Umboniso wengoma yakhe yodumo, "[[Loliwe (song)|uLoliwe]]", ufunxe i-1.3 yezigidi zabaphulaphuli ngokuboniswe kwi YouTube. Ngomhla woku-1 kwinyanga kaCanzibe ngo2012, kumnyhadala wonyaka wokunikezelwa kweembasa owawubizwa ngokuba yi[[South African Music Awards]], uZahara waphumelela iimbasa ezisibhozo, kuquka eyelona gcisa langasegoqweni i"Best Female Artist" nobhazabhaza wecwecwe lonyaka i"Album of the Year". phambi kwezi mbasa, kwagqabhuka ingxwabangxwaba ngosasazo malunga nobume bezezimali zakhe ezaziphethwe gwenxa ngabashicileli benkampani yakhe. Inkampani yakhe yoshicilelo i-TS, yazikhaba ngawo omane ezo zityholo. ==Early life== Igama lakhe leenkobe uZahara ngu'''Bulelwa Mkutukana''' wakumatyotyombe asePhumlani cebu nje ngaphandle [[iMonti, eMpuma Koloni|kweMonti]] [[eMpuma Koloni]], eMzantsi Afrika, apho wayehlala khona kunye nabazali bakhe uNokhaya kunye noMlamli Mkutukana. ungumntana wesithandathu kwabasixhenxe. walubonakalisa uthando lwakhe lomculo eseneminyaka emi-6 kuphela ezelwe. Waqala ukutsala amehlo abantu mhla wachongwa ukuba akhokhele iqela lomculo wesikolo secawa ePhumlani. Igama lakhe leqonga lithetha ukuthi "Intyantyambo edubulayo"; njengomntwana wayesaziwa ngegama lakhe lesiteketiso elithi ''Spinach''. ==Ubizo lwakhe njengemvumi== Umculo wakhe ubekwa kwicandelo le"Afrosoul" kwaye ucula ngolwimi lwakhe lweenkobe, [[Ulwimi lwesiXhosa |isiXhosa]], nagesiNgesi.<ref name="mio">{{cite web|url= http://www.mio.co.za/article/zahara-sells-out-in-72-hours-2011-09-07|title= Zahara Sells Out In 72 Hours|work= MIO|accessdate= 18 October 2011|archive-date= 2011-10-13|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111013234718/http://mio.co.za/article/zahara-sells-out-in-72-hours-2011-09-07|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Iingoma zakhe bezisoloko zichazwa njengomxube wohlobo lomculo odunyiswe ngu[[Tracy Chapman]], kunye no[[India.Arie]].<ref name="sowetan2">{{cite web|url= http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/08/30/zahara-is-going-places-real-fast|title= Zahara is going places real fast|work= Sowetan|accessdate= 18 October 2011|archive-date= 10 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170910104244/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/08/30/zahara-is-going-places-real-fast|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Ubhazabhaza wecwecwe lakhe lodumo uZahara elithi ''[[Loliwe]]'' lakhutshwa ngo-2011. Ukukhutshwa kwalo okokuqala laba sele lithengisile kwisithuba nje esingephi seeyure ezingama 72 likho,<ref name="mio" /> and 19 days later, the album reached double platinum status in South Africa by surpassing the 100,000 sales mark.<ref name="sowetan1">{{cite web|url= http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/09/21/zahara-s-cd-flies-off-shelves|title= Zahara's CD flies off shelves|work= Sowetan|accessdate= 18 October 2011|archive-date= 15 March 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190315224004/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011/09/21/zahara-s-cd-flies-off-shelves|dead-url= yes}}</ref> Oku kwamenza okokuba abeyimvumi yesibini emva ko[[Brenda Fassie]], owayengumXhosa onomtsalane kakhulu, nowafikelela kweli nani ngelo xesha lifutshane kangako. UZahara wakhupha icwecwe lakhe lokuqala lomboniso bhanyabhanya (iDVD)ecula ngokungathi ngu''X-Factor'' umngeneli waseUSA [[LeRoy Bell]]. I-DVD yafikelela kumgangatho we''platinum'' (ngokomgangatho obekwe ngabashicileli bamacwecwe baseMzantsi Afrika) ngosuku olunye nje kuphela. == Iingoma zakhe == * ''[[Loliwe]]'' (2011) * ''[[The Beginning Live]]'' (2012) * ''[[Nelson Mandela (EP)|Nelson Mandela]]'' (2013) * ''[[Phendula]]'' (2013) ==Imithombo== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zahara}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] [[Uluhlu:Umculo]] 5zispmhxpq9nrtyzute5x8frsxcpson 0 4492 40838 40719 2026-06-12T14:31:13Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 40838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xhosa1851.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Amatsha-ntliziyo akhusela ulawulo lwaseWater Kloof eyayiminyene lihlathi ngexesha lemfazwe yango1851 imfazwe yesi-8 yamaXhosa. [[AmaXhosa]], kumlambo ikei River namaKhoi-khoi kunye nemikhosi eyasaba emfazweni.]] '''Iimfazwe zamaXhosa''' (nezikwabizwa njengeemfazwe zencakam yekapa okanye iimfazwe zeminyaka elikhulu kwilizwekazi iAfrika), olu ke yayiluthotho lweemfazwe eziluthoba (ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1779 ukuya kweyo-1879) phakathi kweentlanga zamaXhosa nakubavukeli baseYurophu kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yimpuma Koloni emZantsi Afrika kungoku nje. Laa ngamaxesha amade eentshukumo zomkhosi kwimbali yokuthinjwa kweAfrika. [[Category:AmaXhosa]] [[Category:Imbali yomkhosi weKolony yaseKapa]] [[Category:Iimfazwe ezibandakanya imo nabantu baseAfrika]] [[Category:Iimfazwe ezibandakanya umZantsi Afrika]] {{stub}} heot6r6tihbv102zf0crrfd20owf7f2 0 4561 40871 33869 2026-06-13T01:19:46Z InternetArchiveBot 10408 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I-Wikipedia''' (<span class="mw-default-size">[./File:Loudspeaker.png [[File:Loudspeaker.png|link=|12x12px]]]</span><span class="mw-default-size"></span>&nbsp;[[Media:En-us-Wikipedia.ogg|pronunciation]]&nbsp;<small>([[:File:En-us-Wikipedia.ogg|info]]&nbsp;&#x2022;&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:Help with media files|help]])</small>) yi-intanethi yomsebenzi wengqokolela yamagama kwiilwimi ezininzi.  Isetenziswa simahla: abantu abayisebenzisayo ababhatali. Kananjalo, <nowiki>''ivuleleke kuwonke-wonke''</nowiki>. Oko kuthetha okokuba nabani na angayikopa, kwaye ingalungiswa nangubani na (umntu angabhala kuyo). Kodwa, kukho imigaqo emayilandelwe xa kukotshwa okanye xa kulungiswa.  <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="110"></span> I-Wikipedia yeyombutho waseMelika, sisiseko seW[[Wikimedia Foundation|ikimedia]], esise[[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[California|eCalifornia]]. Igama layo ngumxube wamagama amabini, elithi ''[[wiki]]'', igama laseHawai elimele 'ukukhawuleza'  kunye nelithi and ''encyclopedia.''<ref>Andreas Kaplan, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. </ref> Because the word was made by combining parts of those words, it is a [//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/portmanteau&#x20;word portmanteau]. It was started on January 10, 2001 by [[Jimmy Wales]] and [[Larry Sanger]] as part of an earlier [[Internet]] encyclopedia named [[Nupedia]]. On January 15, 2001, Wikipedia became a separate [[website]] of its own. It is a [[wiki]] that runs using the [[Computer software|software]] [[MediaWiki]] (like all other [[Wikimedia]] projects). == History == [[File:Nupedia_logo_and_wordmark.png|right|thumb|I-Wikipedia yakhelwa komnye umsebenzi wokuqokolelwa kwamagama, i[[Nupedia]].]] I-Wikipedia yaqala njengomsebenzi ozalana nowe[[Nupedia]]. I-Nupedia kwakuyiwas a free online [[IsiNgesi|English-language]] encyclopedia project. Nupedia's articles were written and owned by [[Bomis|Bomis, Inc]] which is a [[web portal]] company. The main people of the company were [[Jimmy Wales]], [[CEO|the guy in charge]] of Bomis, and [[Larry Sanger]], the [//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/editing editor-in-chief] for Nupedia. Nupedia was first licensed under the Nupedia Open Content License which was changed to the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] before Wikipedia was founded when [[Richard Stallman]] requested them.<ref name="stallman1999">{{cite web|url = http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html|title = The Free Encyclopedia Project|author = Richard M. Stallman|authorlink = Richard Stallman|date = 2007-06-20|publisher = Free Software Foundation|accessdate = 2008-01-04|archive-date = 2007-12-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071219223848/http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref> ULarry Sanger noJimmy Wales ngabona bantu baqala iWikipedia.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url = http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html|author = Jonathan Sidener|title = Everyone's Encyclopedia|date = 2004-12-06|work = [[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|accessdate = 2006-10-15}}</ref><ref name="Meyers">{{cite news|first = Peter|last = Meyers|title = Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You|url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E5D6123BF933A1575AC0A9679C8B63&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fC%2fComputer%20Software|work = New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|date = 2001-09-20|accessdate = 2007-11-22|quote = &nbsp;'I can start an article that will consist of one paragraph, and then a real expert will come along and add three paragraphs and clean up my one paragraph,' said Larry Sanger of Las Vegas, who founded Wikipedia with Mr. Wales.}}</ref> U-Wales unconywa kakhulu ngokuchaza iinjongo zalo msebenzi,<ref name="SangerMemoir">{{cite news |first = Larry|last = Sanger|title = The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir|date = April 18, 2005|work = Slashdot|url = http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml|accessdate = 2008-12-26}}</ref><ref name="Sanger">{{cite news|first = Larry|last = Sanger|title = Wikipedia Is Up!|date = January 17, 2001|publisher = Internet Archive|url = http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|accessdate = 2008-12-26|archive-date = 2001-05-06|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010506042824/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref> U-Sanger yena wenza izicwangciso ezijongene nemakwenziwe kusetyenziswa i[[wiki]] ukuze kuphuhliswe iinjongo zikaWales'.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html|title = Wikipedia-l: LinkBacks?|accessdate = 2007-02-20}}</ref> Ngenyanga yomQungu, kumhla we-10, ngo-2001, [[Larry Sanger|U-Larry Sanger]] wenza isicelo kuludwe leembalelwano zomsebenzi weNupedia ukuze enze iwiki ibe yiyo eyenza umsebenzi njengo<nowiki>''mondli''</nowiki> owondla iNupedia.<ref>{{cite news|first = Larry|last = Sanger|title = Let's Make a Wiki|date = 2001-01-10|publisher = Internet Archive|url = http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|archivedate = 2003-04-14|accessdate = 2008-12-26|dead-url = no}}</ref> I-Wikipedia yathi yabekwa ngokusesikweni kweyomQungu ngomhla we-15, ngo2001. Yabekwa njengombhalo wolwimi lwesiNgesi kwi-www.wikipedia.com,<ref name="WikipediaHome">{{cite web|url = http://www.wikipedia.com/|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate = 2001-03-31|title = Wikipedia: HomePage|accessdate = 2001-03-31|dead-url = no}}</ref> yaza yapapashwa nguSanger kuludwe lwembalelwano olukwiNupedia.<ref name="SangerMemoir"/> Umthetho weWikipedia othi "ukujonga ngolunye uhlobo"<ref name="NPOV">"[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&oldid=102236018 Wikipedia:Neutral point of view], Wikipedia (January 21, 2007)</ref> wathi waphawulwa kwakunyanga zawo zokuqala, kwaye wawufana nqwa nalowo wangaphambili weNupedia umthetho <nowiki>''owawungenamkhethe''</nowiki>. Ngapha koko, kwakungekho mithetho mininzi ekuqaleni kwaye iWikipedia yayisebenza ingaxhomekekanga kwiNupedia.<ref name="SangerMemoir"/> I-Wikipedia yafumana amaxhasi bayo bokuqala kwiNupedia, [[Slashdot|i-Slashdot]], nakwiijini zokusetsha okanye zokukhangela.  Yaakhula ke de yanamaphepha amalunga nama-20, 000, kwiilimi ezili-18 xa kuphela umnyaka wama-2001. Kwathi xa kanye umnya wama-2002 usiya ngasekupheleni, yabe sele ineelwimi ezingama-26, zaza zanga-46 xa kuphela umnyaka wama-2003, zaza zabe zili-161 iilwimi xa kanye kuphela umnyaka wama-2004.<ref>"{{cite web|url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_statistics|title = Multilingual statistics|work = Wikipedia|date = March 30, 2005|accessdate = 2008-12-26}}</ref> I-Nupedia neWikipedia zahlala zikho de zemiswa iinkonzo zeNupedia  ngomnyaka wama-2003. Emva koku, imibhalo yayo yadityaniswa kweyeWikipedia. I-Wikipedia yesiNgesi yaba sele inamaphepha angaphaya kwezigidi ezi-2 million  ngomhla we-9 kwinyanga yomSintsi ngomnyaka wama-2007, loo nto yenza okokuba le ibe ngowona mqulu mkhulu wamagama awakha aqokolelwa ezimbalini, esogqitha nawengqokolela yezinto ezikhoyo nezaziwayo kwi[[Yongle Encyclopedia]] (1407), neyayibambe iintambo iminyaka engama- 600.<ref name="EB_encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia |title = Encyclopedias and Dictionaries|encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed.|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|year = 2007|volume = 18|pages = 257–286}}</ref> I-Wikipedia yesiNgesi sele ibhale amaphepha azizigidi ezi-3 ngenyanga yeThupha kunya wama-2009. Inani lamaphepha kunye nabo bafaka isandla ekubhaleni laa maphepha labonakala lisehla ngokukhawuleza  yomnyaka wama-2007.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|title = Wikipedia approaches its limits|author = Bobbie Johnson}}</ref> Kwinyanga yeDwarha ngo2014, isakhiwo sesikhumbuzo se[[Wikipedia Monument|Wikipedia satyhilwa phambi koluntu lonke luphela sityhilelwa e]][[Poland]] kunikwa imbeko kusenziwa nombulelo kwabo bathe bafaka isandla kwiWikipedia. == Igqiba unyaka we-10 ikho  == [[File:10piece-english-M.png|thumb|umbhalo oluphawu lokupapasha owasetyenziswa kwiwikipedia yesiNgesi ngomhla we-15 kweyomQungu ngo-2011 ]] Ngomhla we-[[January 15|15]], kweyomQungu ngo-[[2011]], iWikipedia yabanengxikela yetheko kuvuyiswana nayo ngokugqiba iminyaka eli-10 ikho. Isebenzisa umbhalo oluphawu lokupapasha  (obonakalisa)  ukuvuyisana nokugqiba kwayo iminyaka eli-10 okoko ayathi yavulwa nomhla we-15 kweyomQungu ngo2001,  kwaye lo mbhalo uluphawu lokupapasha wasetyenziswa imini yonke kwindawo elicala lewikipedia yesiNgesi.  == Amaphepha anxulumene nala == == Izalathiso == {{Reflist}} 1huta1lxcupxygxgljdiiwscuzlgl02 0 4974 40849 40818 2026-06-12T14:33:26Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40849 wikitext text/x-wiki iNkosikazi uNontsikelelo Albertina "Ma" Sisulu''' (21 Dwarha 1918 - [[2]] Silimela 2011) wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekulweni ingcinezelo, nokwangumhlolokazi wegqala lomzabalazo uMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umzabalazo weli loMzantsi Afrika udale iinkokheli ezibonakalise ukukhalipha nokuzimisela okubalaseleyo ekujonganeni nenkohlakalo yentshutshiso. == Ukuphuma kwelanga == '''UNontsikelelo Albetina Sisulu''' (21 kweyeDwarha 1918- 2 kweyeSilimela 2011) wayengummi waseMzantsi Afrika ekwalitshantliziyo elichasene nengcinezelo, wayengunkosikazi welinye itshantliziyo lomzabalazo uWalter Sisulu (1912-2003). Ngothando olukhulu wayesaziwa ngoMa Sisula ubomi bakhe bonke luluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Ngo-2004 wavotelwa njengomntu wamashumi amahlanu kuluhlu lwabantu abaphambili ku-SABC 3 Great South Africans. Wasutywa kukufa ngo-2011 kwinyanga yeSilimela ngomhla we-2, kwikhaya lakhe eLeiden, eGoli, eMzantsi Afrika eneminyaka engama-92.v Wazalwa enguNontsikelelo Thethiwe kumandla [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsomo waseTsomo] phesheya kweNciba. Wayengumntwana wesibini kubantwana bakaBonilizwe noMonikazi Thethiwe. Umama kaSisulu wasinda kumkhuhlane wawubizwa njenge-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic Spanish Flu], kodwa wayesoloko egula ebuthathaka ngenxa yawo. Njengomafungwashe wekhaya, kwanyanzeleka ukuba uSisulu adlale indima kamama wakhe kubantwana bakokwabo. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba akhe athi xha esikolweni amatyeli aluthotho, into eyabangela ukokokuba abemdala ngeminyaka emibini kwabanye abafundi bebanga lakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Wazithathela igama elinguAlbertina xa wayeqala ukufunda ePresbetyrian Mission School, eXolobe. == Imfundo == Izakhono zakhe zobunkokheli, nenimba wayenayo zazibethelela intlonipho awayizuza ngexesha lomzabalazo xa wayebizwa ngomama wesizwe. USisulu wabalasela esikolweni kwimidlalo kwakunye nemidlalo yenkcubeko, wabonisa iimpawu zobunkokheli eselula xa wayechongwa njenge ntloko yabafundi ekwibanga lesi-7. Ukubamdala kwakhe kwabanye abafundi bebanga lakhe kwakungabonakalisi kumtheza mandla ngexesha wayegqibezela iziundo zakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, ekuhambeni kwexesha wangenelela ukhuphiswano lokuphumelela iminyaka emine yokufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Iminyaka yakhe yamdlelindlala kuba wakhiqwa nangona wayephumelele indawo yokuqala. Ngenxa yale mpathombi, ootitshala bakaSisulu babanomsindo kakhulu, ngoba olu khuphiswano zange lubeke migaqo yeminyaka kubangeneleli. Babhalela iphepha-ndaba lasekuhlaleni elibizwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20180611020317/http://nhmsa.co.za/news/imvo-zabantsundu-a-brief-history/ nge-Imvo Zabantsundu] ngale mpatho igwenxa kaSisulu, besithi lo kaSisulu makalifumane eliwonga ngoba nguye ophumelele indawo yokuqala. Eli nqaku latsala amehlo abefundisi baseRoma abayebanxibelelana nomfundisi uBernard Huss kwiCollege yaseMariazell. Usapho lwakwaMnyila lwavuya, lwabhiyozela impumelelo kaSisulu, nabantu belali yonke, uSisulu ukhumbula ukuba lowo wayebukele wayenokugqiba kwelithi loo msitho yayingumtshato. Ngo-1936 uSisulu wasingisa eMariazell College eMatatiyela, eMpuma Koloni kwaye nangona wayenovalo wayekwanayo nemincili yokuba yena, intombi yaseXolobe ingummeli wabafundi eMariazell. Inkqubo yesikolo yayiluqilima kwaye ingaguquguquki, abafundi babevuswa ngentsimbi yesi-4 (ngonyezi) ukuba bayokuhlamba bandule ngokuya ukuyakucoca iindawo zabo zokuhlala, emveni koko babesiya kwindawo yokuthandaza besiya kumthandazo wakusasa. Nangona isibonelelo sokufunda sikaSisulu sasihlawulela ukuhlala kwakhe esikolweni ngexesha lokufunda kwakunye nangexesha lee holide, kwakunyanzelekile ukuba ayibuyekeze loo nto ngokuthi ahlwayele kwiindawo zolimo, aphinde kananjalo asebenze kwigumbi lokuhlamba iimpahla. USisulu wayegoduka ngeeholide zenyanga yoMnga(December) kuphela kodwa loo nto wayeyibona njengento enganamsebenzi xa eyithelekisa kwakunye nethuba lokuba afunde kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Xa isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sisiya emaphethelweni ngomnyaka we-1939 uSisulu kwakumele athabathe isigqibo sokuba uzakwenza ntoni emva kwaso. Wathabatha isigqibo sokuba angazimanyi ngeqhina lomtshato koko abengumsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo ukwenzela abenokukwazi ukuxhasa usapho lwakhe emv` ekhay` eXholobe. Ngexesha wayeseMariazelle ngalo uSisulu, waye waguqukela kwinkolo yobuKatoliki, njengoko wayegqibe kwelokuba angatshati, waye wathabatha isigqibo sokuba ngunongendi ngenxeni yokuthabatheka kwakhe yindlela oonongendi ababehlohla ngayo kwesi sikolo babezinikele ngayo kumsebenzi wabo. Noxa kwakunjalo, uTat' uHuss waye wamcebisa ngokuchaseneyo neso sigqibo, ngesizathu sokuba abo babehlohla bengonongendi babengahlawulwa ngomsebenzi wabo yaye xa sele beqalile babengakwazi ukusishiya eso sikhundla saseMishini, lilonke uSisulu wayengazukwazi ukuxhasa usapho lwakhe njengoko wayenqwena. Koko uTat` uHussy waye wamcebisa ukuba asel` iso indaba yokubanguMongikazi, ngesizathu sokuba abo babephantsi koqeqesho lobongikazi babehlawulwa ukuze bafunde. Etsalwe umdla kukubona isisombululo esiphathekayo sinekezwa siskolo sobongikazi uSisulu wayithabatha loongcebiso waze wafaka izicelo zokufunda kwizikolo zobumongikazi eziluthotho. Waye wamkelwa njengomongikazi ophantsi koqeqesho eRhawutini kwisibhedlele esingenabudlelwana kwakunye neYurophu. Emveni kokudla inyibidyala nosapho lwakhe eXolobe wasinga eRhawutini kweyoMqungu ngomnyaka we-1940. Emveni kokubayinkedama ngexesha esanda kudlula kwixabiso lokufikisa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba adlale indima yokubangumzali, koodade wabo naku banakwabo abancinci. Xa waye wathatha isigqibo sokubeka phantsi iinjongo zakhe zokuxelenga njengomfundisi-ntsapho, wayishiya [https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Transkei iTranskei] esiya kuxelenga njengomongikazi kwisibhedlele saseGoli, iNon-European Hospital ngonyaka we-1940, kuba oomongikazi babesamkela umrholo ngeloxesha. Wathweswa isidanga eMariazell College ngonyaka we-1939, waye wakhetha ikhondo lobumongikazi. USisulu waqala ukusebenza eGoli njengombelekisi ngonyaka we- 1946, emane enyuka esihla endwendwela izigulana kwiilokishi. “Uyayazi kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngumbelekisi? Kufuneka uthwale ityesi egcwele amakhoba/iibhotile, izithambisi ozakuzisebenzisa, izitya kunye nezamkeli, kwaye sasidlangokuzithwala ezo tyesi entloko,” utsho uSisulu. == Ubomi bakhe == USisulu wadibana [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Sisulu noWalter Sisulu] ngonyaka ka-1941, esebenza kwisibhedlele saseGoli, ngeloxesha uWalter Sisulu wayengumpolitiki oselula. Abakwa Sisulu- igqwetha nomongikazi- bazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato ngonyaka we-1944, kumsitho apho [https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela uNelson Mandela] wayengumkhaphi khona. Apho kwakukho [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Lembede noAnton Lembede], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Mase noEvelyn Mase]. Eso sibini sasinabantwana abahlanu, uMax Vuyisile, uMlungisi, uZwelakhe uLindiwe kunye noNkululeko, abanye abane ababesuka kwikhaya lembhedlenge, omnye wabo uBeryl Sisulu, wasebenza ngengommeli-sizwe ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika ukuya eNorway. Babetshate iminyaka eyi-59, wade wasutywa kukufa utata uSisulu, ezandleni zomfazi wake ngeyeDwarha ngonyaka ka-2003 eneminyaka eyi-90. USisulu wathi ngomtshato wakhe: “Ndaxelelwa ukuba nditshata nompolitiki kwaye akhukho manyano, okanye enye into enjalo.” Kodwa emgcwabeni wakhe umzukulwana wabo wafunda intyatyambo ezazibhalwe nguSisulu. “Walter ndenza ntoni ngaphandle kwakho? Ndandivukela wena ekuseni, ndiphilela wena. Wathathwa ngabantu abakhohlakeleyo okokuqala, kodwa ndandisazi ukuba uzakubuyela kum. Ukufa okungena lusini kukuthathile kwashiya indawo yakho entliziyweni yam.” Umyeni wakhe, uWalter Sisulu wafunyanwa enetyala lokubhukuqa umbuso, kodwa akazange asifumane isigwebo sentambo. Wahlala iminyaka eyi-25 eluvalelweni [https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robben_Island eRobben Island] ekunye noNelson Mandela owamfaka kwiqela [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress le-ANC]. Ngeli xesha umyeni wakhe eseRobben Island, uSisulu wayekhulisa abantwana babo aba-5 eyedwa. Wahlala inyanga ezithile entologweni, kwaze kwancitshiswa indawo ebenokuhamba kuzo. USisulu wawa evuka ezamela ukuba abantwana bakhe bafumane imfundo kwizikolo ezisemgangatheni eSwaziland ezama ukubasusa kwimfundo eyayisilela [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_Education iBantu Education System]. Uninzi lwabantwana bakwaSisulu babazinkokheli zoMzantsi Afrika ekhululekileyo. UMax Sisulu usisithethi kwinkundla yesizwe, uMlungisi Sisulu ngumongameli [https://www.givengain.com/c/wspcf/about/ we-Walter Sisulu pedietric Cardiac Foundation] nosihlalo we-Arup Africa. Intombi abayamkela njengeyabo uBeryl Sisulu ngummeli-siwe woMzantsi Afrika eNorway, uLindiwe Sisulu ukusuka ngonyaka wama-2009 ukuya kowama-2012 wayengu mgqongqoshe kwezokhuselo, uZwelakhe Sisulu (owasweleka ngonyaka wama-2012 kwinyanga yeDwarha ngomhla wesine). Waye ngusomashishini ophume izandla. Umolokazana [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Sisulu uElinor Sisulu], otshate noMax, ngumbhali netshantliziyo lamalungelo abantu elaziwayo. Ngonyaka wama-2000, usapho lwazisa uluntu ukuba unyana wabo uGerald Lockman, wasweleka ngenxa yesifo ugawulayo. Ubomi bakhe bubaliswe kwimbali ngumolokazana uElinor Sisulu, Walter noAlbertina Sisulu: Ngexesha lethu. U- Albertina Sisulu ube phambili kumzabalazo phantse isiqingatha sonke senkulungwane esilwa inkohlakalo nentshutshiso yenqala, eyeyibangelwa lulawulo ngokobuhlanga. Akabanga ngumzekelo ophilayo nje kumoya wentshukumo yenkululeko, kodwa kwindima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngabafazi kuwo. U- Albertina wabangomye woomama ababekhokele amawaka amanina awayesingisele kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli, ngexesha le-Women’s March eyindumasi. UAlbertina wazalelwa Phesha-KweNciba ngomnyaka wama-1918. Kwimpilo kamama wakhe eyayingentle, uAlbertina owayeneminyaka elishumi elinanye wayalelwa nguyise owayesele elele kwikhuko lakhe lokufa ukuba aze ajonge abanakwabo kunye noodade bakhe. U- Albertina wayenezicwangciso zokuba nguNongendi, kodwa endaweni yoko waphela egqiba ekubeni abe ngumongikazi ukuze ukubhatala izifundo zabantakwabo. Ngomnyaka wama- 1944 waye wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kunye noMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umyeni wakhe wamkhuthaza ekubeni azibandakanye nezopolitiko nasekuncedeni uluntu. Njengomongikazi wayila ucwangciso-ntsapho kummandla wase-Orlando. Uthe ngomnyaka wama -1955 wazibandakanya nombutho we – A.N.C Women’s League. Ngomnyaka wama – 1956 u-Albetina ekunye noLilian Ngoyi, u-Helen Joseph kunye no-Amila Cachalia, bakhokela amawaka amanina ukusingisela kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli ngexesha le Women’s March eyindumasi, eyayichasene noluntu oluntsundu ekunyanzelisweni ukuba luphathe amapasi. Wayengomnye wabaseki bombutho i- United Democratic Movement, I - U.D.M ngamafutshane. Mhla umyeni wakhe wonyulwa njengonobhala jikelele wokuqala weqela le -African National Congress, i - A.N.C ngamafutshane, u – Albertina waba ngumondli – ntsapho.Wayekwalilo neqhagamshela leenkokheli ze – A.N.C kunye nezo zaziselubhacweni. Amapolisa okhuselo ayembandezela rhoqo, kwaye ethintelwa, agwetyelwe ukuhlala ngendlu okanye avalelwe entolongweni, maxesha wambi avalelwe yedwa. Abakwa Sisulu balizwa ngabantwana abahlanu; u-Max, uLungi, uZwelakhe, uLindiwe kunye noNkululeko, nabantwana abathathu ababamnkela njengababo. Aba ke ngabantwana bodadeka – Walter; u- Gerald, u- Beryl kunye no- Samuel, udade ka- Walter wakhula evana kakhulu no – Walter ngexa wayeseluvalelweni e – Robben Island. Bonke abantwana babo bakhulele endlwini yabo eyayiseSoweto. Baye bafudukela endlwini entsha eyayise- Linden, eRhawutini kwiminyaka emine nje phambi kokusweleka kuka tata u- Walter, U- Albertina wayigqithisela kubantwana babo imbophelelo yakhe kumzabalazo. Unyana wabo omkhulu u- Max wabanjwa eneminyaka eli- 17, waya elubhacweni emva kokubanjwa kukayise e- Rivonia ngomnyaka wama- 1963. Umntakwabo uZwelakhe wabandakanyeka kupapasho lwe- New Nation eyayisele inyinwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Naye wakhe wabanjwa iminyaka emibini ngaphandle kwengxoxo yetyala lakhe. Sele iyiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu u- Albertina wazibophelela kwi- Albertina Sisulu Foundation egxile kwimiceli-mngeni abantwana nabantu abadala abajongene nayo. Waye wahlonitshwa ngokuzinikela kwakhe kumzabalazo owawuchasene nocalu-calulo kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo-ntle phakathi koomama kunye nabantwana, mhla i- World Peace Council yase- Basel, e- Switzerland yamonyula njengo mongameli wayo. Ngomnyaka wama- 2002 umolokazana wakhe u- Ellinor Sisulu washicilela ibali ngobomi babazali bomyeni wakhe, eyathiywa ngesihloko esithi, “Walter & Albertina Sisulu – In Our Lifetime” apho achaza khona ibali lesi sibini sibalaseleyo. Umama uSisulu wasweleka ngequbuliso ekhayeni lakhe elise – Linden, eRhawutini eneminyaka engama- 92 ngomhla we – 2 KweyeSilimela ngomyaka wama- 2011. {{Commons category|Albertina Sisulu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sisulu, Albertina}} [[Category:Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika]] a22rtjno03l4b609k8hpcfvvo8ndbpx 0 4987 40843 40804 2026-06-12T14:32:33Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40843 wikitext text/x-wiki Ngokubhalwa ngu-[[John M. Vimbe]] Ndivuyiswa lixesha lokuvela kwam kweli lizwe, kuba ethe [[Umdali|uMnini-Ntozonke]] ukundibumba kwakhe wandibumba ngexesha lokuthumela kwakhe iLizwi lakhe ezweni lakowethu. Ekuthe ke ekufikeni kwalo nabafundisi aza amakhosi ethu alamkela; ndithi ke ndiyinkwenkwe, bekuthe ngaphambi kokufika komfundisi lowo kwavuka [[uNxele]] umfo ka[[uBhalala}Bhalala]], no[[uGaba|Gaba]] umfo ka[[uNtsikana|Ntsikana]]; kwabe ikukuqala kokubona kwam iLizwe, endicinga ukuba iminyaka yobuprofethi baloo madoda, kususela ku-1816 kuze kulo we-1905, oko kuthetha okokuba ayenamashumi asibhozo anethoba, 89, engabaprofethi loo madoda. Umfundisi wokuqala ayesithi amadoda ngu-[[uSodyoyi|Sodyoyi]], wafika wakha kwa[[uSihota|Sihota]]. Emva kwakhe kwafika [[umfundisi uJohn Brownlee|uRev. John Brownlee]] ngo-1820. Mandingene ekuqaleni kwa ukuliva iLizwi. Kwaafika uNtsikana evela [[eGqorha]]. Waafika wema kwa[[uMankazana|Mankazana]]. Waandiqhelisa uMa ukuya nam [[etyalikeni|ecaweni]], ngeCawa kwaNtsikana. [[Icawa|ITyalike]] kaNtsikana ibisenzelwa ngaphantsi ko[[umqontshi|mqonchi]], izitulo ingamatye. Ngelo xesha ekuboneni kwam, sasingathi sintanganye no[[uDukwana|Dukwana]], [[uKobe]] emkhulu kuthi. Akahlalanga kakhulu uNtsikana kwaMankazana. Kuthe ngo-1824 wesuka ubawo [[uNongxe|Nongxe]] kwaMankazana, beza esikolweni [[eGwali]]. Waafikela ubawo lo kwa[[uMatshaya|Matshaya]]. Ngelo xesha [[amaNtsikana]] ayese wonke, aye ephethwe ngu: [[uphalaza| Phalaza]], [[uhogu|Hogu]], [[uXelewa|Xelewa]], [[uRwexwana|Rwexwana]], [[uMazaleni|Mazaleni]], [[uNoyi|Noyi]], [[uMatshaya|Matshaya]], [[uPheyi|Pheyi]], [[uMtyhobile|Mtyhobile]], [[uNginya|Nginya]], [[uThamo|Thamo]], nabanye. Onke ke ayephethwe ng[[uKobe]], into kaNtsikana, umfo olunge kunene phezu kokuba abantu belo xesha babengcole kakhulu. Afika aMantsikana, eGwali, uBhuluneli ephahlwe ngamalawu akwaSihota. Bekusithiwa icala lamalawu eGwali ngumzi wasemagwangqeni, kuthiwe elinye icala lalo mzi lelaMantsikana. Waahlala ke apho umfo kaGaba, wabe elishumayela ilizwi likaThixo, kwatsho kwagqobhoka abantu abaninzi. #REDIRECT [[Zemk'iinkomo magwalandini]] m0nko0o7lvfuraqdhu26cm2yqmpl7jg 0 4998 40842 40802 2026-06-12T14:32:27Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UNtsikana''' wasungula umbutho wokuqala wamakrestu angam’Afrika pha ngeminyaka ye-1815. Wayekwangumbali wokuqala ngesixhosa obalaseleyo waekulo ecawa, kwaye iinno lakhe elibalaseleyo liyavela kwiincwadi ezininzi zamaculo ecawa zalemihla. UNtsikane lo wazalwa pha ngeminyaka ye-1780 kwiziswe sikaNgqika owayongamele amaRharhabe, wabaliphakathi ngokomnombo. Wayekhona xeshikweni iwhite settlement ye Eastern Frontier isanda kwaye kukho ungquzulwano phakathi kwamaXhosa nalamasetilane matsha. Utata kaNtsikane, uGaba wayenesithembu njengenkoliso yamaXhosa phambi kokuba aguqulwe (Bokwe 1914,4). Umama wakhe uNonabe wayengumfazi wesibini. Umfazi wokuqala wayenesikhwele waza wathyola uNonabe ngobugqwirha, uNonabe wanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke asindise ubomi bakhe. Emveni kwenyanga ezimbalwa uNtsikana wazalwa. Utata kaNtsikana waya kumlanda xa wayeneminyaka elishuni elinesibini. Njengoko uGaba wayezele intombi kumfazi wokuqala, uNoyiki wamamkela njengonyana wakhe. UNtsikane ukhule esolusa umhlambi katata wakhe kwaye efunda nokuzingela. Xeshikweni elulutsha, uVan Der Kemp weLondon missionary society waza kulenginqgi ihlala uNtsikana. Ukusuka ngowe-1799 ukuya kowe-1801 lemissionary yazama ukushumayeza kodwa impumelelo yayo yabancinci. UNtsikane waqala ukuwuva kuye lomyalezo wobuKrestu. UVan Der Kemp wawushiya umhlaba kaNgqika waya kuhlala eGraaff-Reinet. Imfazwe yalandela kwi-eastern frontier phakathi kweenkosi eziitshatsheleyo zakwaRharhabe, uNgqika noNdlambe. Le mfazwe yaphela kwidabi lase-Amalinda apho uNgqika wohlulwa khona. Amajoni kaNdlambe ahlasele iGrahamstown ngowe1819 (kwi frontier war yesihlanu) kwaye umda wamiliselwa phakathi komlambo iKeiskamma ne Fish river. Zange kwafika missionary kwingingqi kaNtsikane de yabangowe-1816. Yayingumfundisi uJoseph Williams, owavula imissionary station ecaleni komlambo iKat. Emveni kobukhwetha nokungena ebudodeni, uNtsikana wathwalelwa abafazi ababini. uNontsonta owabangumama kaKobe, uNomamto owabangumama kaDukwana nabaninawa bakhe ababini. Ekuswelekeni kukatata wakhe, uNtsikana wafumana ilifa. Ngelixesha uNtsikane wayeneembono. Wayenenkunzi yenkomo awayeyithanda Kunene, yayilubhelu inamacokoza amhlobhe ineempondo ezinkulu igama layo inguHulushe. Ngenye intsasa wavukela ebuhlanti waya waphawula imitha yelanga ekhanya ukodlula eminye ikhanya kwicala lale nkunzi. Wakhangela imvelaphi yalemitha. Xa ebuza uKobe owayemi ecaleni kwakhe ukuba usibonile na esi sehlo, ukobe waphendula ngelithi hayi andibonanga nto. UNtsikana wamangaliswa sesisehlo. Kwenzeka omnye ummangaliso kwangaloomini emtshatweni. UNtsikana waya waguduka nosapho lwakhe, kwalapha endleleni waya wavasa imbola yakhe. Akekho owayekuqonda okwenzekileyo kuye. Ekuhambeni kweentsuku waqala wandumzela iculo elaphela iliculo lakhe lecawa. Waxelela abantu ukuba kumele bathandaze, waqala ngoko ukubamba inkonzo rhoqo. Wathi mabangalimameli ela xhwele uNxele. Oku yaba sisiqalo sebandla lakhe. UNtsikane akazange ahlale eMission kodwa wayemndwendwela umfundisi uWilliams, nasekuswelekeni kuka Williams waqhubekeka endwendwela umfundisi uBrownlee. Phambi kokuba asweleke ngonyaka we-1821 wayecinga nzulu ngokuyokuhlala kwimissioni iChumie (Hodgson 1981,6). UNtsikana wabhala amaculo ecawa amane, elona laziwayo leli lakhe. Onke asafumaneka kwiincwadi zale mihla zamaculo ecawa. hgez91i7l3huna28qaviso8i1pg0v24 0 5284 40841 40797 2026-06-12T14:32:13Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40841 wikitext text/x-wiki =Intshayelelo= Kwaathi emva kokumka kuka Nyengana kweli lasemaXhoseni, kwavela uNxele eMgwangqa kwaNdlambe, esithi uthetha into eyithethwa nguNyengana, kwaye ke naloo nto wayeyithetha yayingaqondwa bani. ==Imfundiso yakhe== ubesithi xa efunda abantu, iinkosi zimbini, yaye zisemanzini zombini. Enye yazo nguTayi, enye nguDalidephu. Ubesitsho athi ke mabathi abantu xa bewela umlambo babulise bathi, "A! Tayi, A! Dalidephu. Loo nto ke yaba ngummiselo kubalandeli bakhe. Ubemana ethetha ke umfo kaGwala lowo, esithi umzi mawulahle ubuthi, ungakrexezi, ulawule amaphupha, athi wonke umntu azixele izinto azenzayo nawakhe wazenza. Kwaba kuphela, umzi wenza loo nto, amadoda nabafazi. uthe umfo wasemaCwerheni akubona ukuba umzi uwoyisile, waqala kaloku wavelisa elokuba, Abantu baphantsi komhlaba, baye beyakuvuka bonke ekufeni, apho bayakuphuma khona kulwandle laseGompo. Utsho wathi kodwa wona amaNgqika ayakuba ziinkunzi, iimbovane namawa kuba ahlal'ephethe igazi. Avakele amaRharhabe esithi, "Inantoni na le nto ukuba ithethwe ngulo kaGwala, ngokabani na yena? Akakho na amaphakathi alo mzi kaJwarha, amaCirha, namaNtakwenda. Bathe besitsho babe besithi , "loo mntu makavunywe ade abonakale eyona nto azakuba yiyo". Bamvuma ke bamsa ebucamagwini ngeenkomo ezimdaka, ezilubhelu, nezimnyama, laye ibala elibalaseleyo ilelimdaka nelilubhelu. athi amaNgqika namagcaleka awuzela kwaNdlambe ngokoyika ukuba ziinkuni, iimbovane, namawa, nangokoyika ukumka noqhwithela lomoya awayesithi uyakubakho kwelo lawo. le99lecz9nnmsltgrzdj6ys20coscp5 0 5934 40856 40681 2026-06-12T14:36:02Z A09 12731 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Rasmzet|Rasmzet]] 36315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university|name=Nelson Mandela University|native_name={{nativename|af|Nelson Mandela Universiteit}}|image_name=Nelson Mandela University logo.svg|image_size=250px|image_upright=0.8|image_alt=|caption=|latin_name=|motto=''Change the world''|established={{Plainlist| * 1882 (Port Elizabeth Art School) * 2005 (Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University)<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.mandela.ac.za/About/Management---Identity/History|title=History|publisher=Nelson Mandela University|access-date=7 November 2009}}</ref> }}|closed=|type=[[Public university|Public University]]|endowment=|rector=|officer_in_charge=|chairperson=Nozipho January-Bardill|chancellor=Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi|president=|vice-president=|superintendent=|provost=|vice_chancellor=Sibongile Muthwa|principal=|dean=|director=|head_label=|head=|students=28,000|undergrad=23,500|postgrad=4,500|doctoral=|other=|location=[[Gqeberha|Summerstrand, Gqeberha]] and [[George, Western Cape|Saasveld, George]], <br />South Africa|coordinates={{Coord|-34.009|25.67|type:edu_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}|campus=6 [[Suburban]], 1 [[Urban Area|Urban]] and 1 [[Countryside]]|former_names={{Plainlist| * Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University * [[University of Port Elizabeth]] * Port Elizabeth Technikon * [[Vista University]] * [[Saasveld Forestry College]] }}|free_label=Newspaper|free=MadibazNews|athletics=|colours={{colourbox|Navy|border=silver}} Blue <br> {{colourbox|White|border=silver}} White<br> {{colourbox|Gold|border=silver}} Yellow|sporting_affiliations={{Plainlist| * [[Varsity Cup|FNB Varsity Cup]] * [[Varsity Football (South Africa)|Varsity Sports Football Challenge]] }}|nickname=Madibaz|mascot=Diba the [[Delphinidae|Dolphin]]|website={{url|www.mandela.ac.za}}|logo=|footnotes=|faculty=|administrative_staff=4,063|affiliation={{Plainlist| [[International Association of Universities|IAU]] * [[Association of African Universities|AAU]] * [[Higher Education South Africa|HESA]] * [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]] }}}}[[File:NMU South Campus.jpg|thumb|South Campus]] '''Nelson Mandela University'''(''NMU ngamafuphi'') liziko lemfundo ephakamileyo lase [[UMzantsi Afrika|Mzantsi Afrika]] elizinze kunxweme lwase [[IBhayi|Gqeberha]](''Port Elizabeth wena khumsha''). Eliziko lemfundo lilo kuphela emhlabeni elibizwa ngegama les'bavubavu sezopolitiko, itsha ntliziyo lomzabalazo ubawo u[[Nelson Mandela|Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela]] Ahh! Dalibhunga. Le Dyunivesithi yasungulwa ngonyaka ka 2005 emva kwendibanisela yamaziko emfundo amathathu aquka i Port Elizabeth Technikon, University of Port Elizabeth kunye ne Vista University. Ngaphambili phaya leDyunivesithi yayisaziwa ngokuba yi Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), kuthe ngomhla wama 20 kweyeKhala 2017 lalahlwa eligama i "Metropolitan" zee yabizwa ngokuba yi Nelson Mandela University. I NMU yenye yeeDyunivesithi etsala umdla wabafundi abathwabuluka kwinkalo ngeenkalo zehlabathi, lonto ingqinwa kukuba ngaphezulu kwe 3000 yabafundi iphuma kumanye amazwe aquka i France, Germany, Belgium namanye amaninzi. [[Category:IiYunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika]] 98yl7nq9w44no5oenualubxnj10f3v7 0 5976 40854 40664 2026-06-12T14:35:35Z A09 12731 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:~2026-27654-07|~2026-27654-07]] 40466 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Toyota CH-R.jpg|thumb|2020 Toyota CH-R facelift]] '''Imoto''' ithwala [[abantu]] ngokubanzi usebenzisa amandla kagesi. Iimvume ziyimfuneko ukuba zifike kumazwe amaninzi. {{Stub}} qd8dm97hdcxqo1a3q8clsj0y4safcy3 0 6066 40857 40716 2026-06-12T14:36:14Z A09 12731 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Lwandilemaswana|Lwandilemaswana]] 39734 wikitext text/x-wiki UMbeki wazalwa ngomhla we18,kaJuni 1942 eMbewuleni, ilali encinci kwindawo eyayisakuba kumhlaba wase[[I-Transkei|Transkei]], ngoku eyinxalenye yeMpuma [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|Koloni]] . Owesibini kubantakwabo, wayenodadewabo omnye, uLinda (owazalwa ngo1941, wafa ngo2003), kunye nabantakwabo ababini, [[Moeletsi Mbeki|uMoeletsi]] (owazalwa ngo1945) kunye noJama (owazalwa ngo1948, wafa ngo1982). <ref name="Gevisser-2007a">{{Cite book|last=Gevisser|first=Mark|title=Thabo Mbeki: The Dream Deferred|date=2007|publisher=Jonathan Ball|isbn=978-1-86842-301-9|location=Johannesburg|oclc=180845990}}</ref> ''': 54 '''<ref name="Gevisser-2014">{{Cite web|last=Gevisser|first=Mark|date=2014-06-07|title=The world of Epainette Mbeki: A mother and a comrade to the end|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-06-07-the-world-of-epainette-mbeki/|accessdate=2022-02-05|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2003-03-17|title=Mbeki's sister dies at 61|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/mbekis-sister-dies-at-61-20030317|accessdate=2022-02-05|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Abazali bakhe yayinguEpainette (wasweleka ngo2014), utitshala oqeqeshiweyo, kunye [[Govan Mbeki|noGovan]] (wasweleka ngo2001), unovenkile, utitshala, intatheli, kunye nomlweli ophezulu weANC kunye neSACP. Bobabini uEpainette kunye noGovan baphuma kwiintsapho ezifundileyo, zamaKrestu, ezinomhlaba, kwaye utata kaGovan yayinguSikelewu Mbeki, usibonda owayemiselwe ngokobukoloniyali. <ref name="Gevisser-2007a" /> ''': 4 '''Esi sibini sasidibene [[eThekwini]], apho uEpainette waba libhinqa lesibini elintsundu ukujoyina iSACP (ngoko eyayisabizwa ngokuba liQela lamaKomanisi oMzantsi Afrika); nangona kunjalo, ngelixa uMbeki wayengumntwana, intsapho yakhe yahlukana xa uGovan wayokuhlala eLadismith wayokwenza umsebenzi wokufundisa. <ref name="Gevisser-2014" /> UMbeki uthe "wazalelwa emzabalazweni ", kwaye ukhumbula ukuba ikhaya lakhe lalihonjiswe ngemifanekiso kaKarl Marx noMahatma Gandhi . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-09-19|title=Thabo Mbeki: Born into struggle|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3499695.stm|access-date=2022-02-05}}</ref> <ref name="NPR-2007">{{Cite news|date=2007-12-07|title=ANC Leadership Battle Causes Crisis in Party|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16860087|access-date=2022-02-05}}</ref> uGovan wamthiya igama lomkomanisi ophezulu eMzantsi Afrika uThabo Mofutsanyana . <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ejigiri|first=Damien|date=2014|title=Govan Mbeki, Colin Bundy|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africatoday.60.4.89|journal=Africa Today|volume=60|issue=4|pages=89–91|doi=10.2979/africatoday.60.4.89|issn=0001-9887|jstor=10.2979/africatoday.60.4.89|url-access=subscription}}</ref> gvnp8v66ox6jxwe0qq62iy1d0prq7qj 0 6439 40845 40811 2026-06-12T14:32:57Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imfazwe ka Mlanjeni (eyoMqungu/January 1850- January 1853) nguThemba Ngada.''' Sakukhumbula ke bafundi ukuba ukungena kwabamhlophe kweli kuqale kunxweme lwaseKapa. Bahlasela ke behamba besidla imihlaba yabantu nezizwe zooNoqhakancu naleyo yayisele igonyanyelwe ngamabhulu (wona kaloku afike kwango 1652) bebhuqisa bebhubhisa betshabalalisa oko bangakufuniyo berhwaphiliza mihlaba, zinkomo, mahashe bedlwengula abafazi besenza abantu amakhoboka okusebenzela bona kumhlaba abawutsotsileyo. Ukusukela kulomlambo kuthiwa yiGamtoos eJeffreys Bay yalemihla, ukuya eSunday’s River eColchester yangoku kwalandela iBushman’s river, kweza iNxuba (Great Fish river) neXesi (Keiskama River) ukuya kuthi gaa ngeNciba (Kei River), oko besidla imihlaba yabantu beshenxisa imida ngobusuku bezisikela bezicandela ngokwalemilambo de kwacaca ukuba iinkosi zethu mazilwe, singaziboni sesiyokuphoswa elwandle kuhleli amagwangqa emihlabeni yoobawo. Amangcwaba abo egquba iimpungutye sikhona. AmaGqunukwebe wona awulanda umhlaba wawo agugutha unxweme lolwandlekazi lwamaNdiya olusemazantsi-mpuma, ukusukela ngaphaya kwaseMnyameni (Alexandria) apho wabulawa khona uNkosi Chungwa uyise kaPhatho Ahh!! Zwelandile, uyise kaDilima noKama Ahh!! Mbangobuso, uyise kaMani noKobe uyise kaKatikati. Nalapho wayexheshwe esuswa kumlambo iBrak eMosselbaai. Unanamhla amaGqunukhwebe asenentetho ethi xa eqinisekile ngento: Ndikufungis’uChungwa efel’ eMnyameni (Yekela 1988). Ayakuthanda ke ukukhuza amaGqunukhwebe kuba naxa engazi kuyenza into okanye ephikisana nayo kuba ingaphesheya komthetho athi: UNotshe efele eNgcamngeni!, kuseXesi ke kuloo lali. Nale ntetho yamaXhosa xa ubani egagatheka kuvele nelomhlathi onwabile unkabi kuthiwe: Uxhelelwe eXhukwane! Yenye yelali zaseXesi naleyo. Iqhalo elithi: UHili uphumile ezingcongolweni, lithetha ukuba kuye kondlulwa kwabhentsiswa oko bekufihlwa. UHili ke sisilo esibumnturha esinemilingo esivela kwiintsomi zomGqunukhwebekazi wakudala. Bakukuchubela ke isikhwebu eside abadala ngothotho lweemfazwe namadabi aliwe kulo jingi qhiwu kuhluthwana ngomhlaba ngamangesi namabhulu kunye nezi ziphakathi kwamaXhosa-Rharhabe namangesi. Yikumkani uRharhabe, athi uMqhayi ngaye: “Hlungulu laphat’isqwayi NguNtsinga kaNomagwayi Ubutsholo bentonga, Uzamazamis’ilizwe Lide lizamazame, Usibala-mdaka Singe siya khona Mhla singayiyo khona; Size singe asiyi Kanti kumhla siyayo, Usambatha zezimfutshane, Kanti zomlingana, Kub’ezinkul’esithi Zimfihlel’amadolo. Hlungulu laphath’isiqwayi Kanti liyazingca Kwezinye iintaka. Hamham kaSitsheketshe Into yasekunene kukaPhalo.” Eyasikelwa isahlulo sesibini somhlaba kayise ukumkani uPhalo, ikumkani yokugqibela ukuphatha isizwe samaXhosa esimanyeneyo. Izokubhubhela apha kumneno Nciba kwesikaRharhabe iKumkani leyo kwelinye lamabhotwe ayo eZeleni yabe imshiye ephethe isaphila uGcaleka kwesakhe isiqingatha. Kanti yenzeka njani le nto? Thoba ke sikutyele, ndifuna ukuthi yiza nendlebe size neendaba! Kaloku ukumkani wazibona eneendlunkulu ezimbini endaweni yokuba nendlunkulu ekhohlo, ze abe nekunene okanye indlu encinci. Ngabafazi ke aba ndithetha ngabo lawundini. Iinkosi kunye namadoda onke ayethatha isithembu okanye abafazi abaninzi phambi kokuba inyevulelwe ngamagqobhoka loo nkqubo. Indlunkulu ibiba ngulo mfazi uzakuzala indlalifa okanye iKumkani elandelayo kuba kwayena ethathwe kwelinye ikomkhulu engeyontombi nje kaNantsi kodwa eyinkosazana. Abanye kuba bengenagazi limhlophe, elobukhosi ke ukutsho, bebengenabango labundlalifa. Kwa ukwakhiwa kwezi zindlu zokuhlala apha komkhulu (Nkandla!) kudweliswe kwangokuzana kwabo, phakathi yindlu kamhlekazi, ekhohlo yiNdlunkulu ekunene yiNdlu encinane, ngaphaya kwazo kukho ezinye izindlu ezinamagama azo, iQadi leNdlunkulu, iQadi lasekunene, iXhiba leNdlunkulu, iXhiba lasekunene, uMsengi, noMtshayelo. Kwenzekile ke emaTshaweni ikomkhulu lamaXhosa elalimi eThongwana apha phezu komlambo iGcuwa, kwazekwa inkosazana yabaThembu nenkosazana yamaMpondo omabini azibula ngamaduna uRharhabe kuqala kuze uGcaleka. Lidabi okanye yimfazwe enkulu phakathi kwezizwe eyayiyakuqhambuka xa bekunokuthathwa isigqibo enkundleni sokuba makuhliselwe omnye waba bafazi abe ngomncinci ibiyakuba sisithuko kwisizwe avela kuso. Ingakumbi befike ngemini enye komkhulu balotyolwa ngekhulu leenkomo emnye kubo ngokulinganayo. Yaphela ingunkinkinki wesintshompothi sentsumantsumane intsinda-badala isishiqi sendaba yakomkhulu. Eyadinga inkonde eyayiliphakathi likaTshiwo uMajeke uMqwambi owayokulandwa eNqabarha, uhambo lwentsuku ezimbini. Isigwebo sakhe sadala indlu entsha le kuthiwa kukunene esithi asiyondlu incinci leyo “kuba esona sandla sinamandla sesokunene". Endingaziyo nokuba ke uKumkani wayezama ukusombulula le ngxuba kaxaka okanye wayezigqibele wabeka uGcaleka esihlalweni sakhe esaphila, nalo ingcwaba lakhe eNgxingxolo eQumrha, apho wazikhethela khona ukuma ikomkhulu. Ngokulindelekileyo uRharhabe, owayengaphambili ngeminyaka yokuzalwa, wangena ehlathini wabuya nomkhosi ozokuqethula uGcaleka ukuze athathe isihlalo njengokumkani wamaXhosa. Ukunqanda lo mbhodamo uRharhabe wagxothelwa nganeno apha komlambo iNciba, wafika apha waziginyela izizwana ebezilapho zamaTshawe imiDange, amaNtinde, amaGwali, amaHleke, amaMbalu kunye nezingezo zamaTshawe amaQhakancu namaGqunukhwebe ezakhela obakhe ukukumkani. Ukanti ke incwadi kaElliott, ngomlomo weBali lamaCiskei 1981, yona ithi nguGcaleka owahlasela uyise emhlutha ubukumkani esaphila wakhuselwa nguRharhabe uPhalo yiyo nalento eze kuma eZeleni elandela uRharhabe efuna igwiba okanye ukhuselo lwakhe esoyika uGcaleka. Zingangeentwala kubaThembu ke iingcaciso zokuqhawukana phakathi nokucandeka kubini kobukumkani bamaXhosa phakathi kukaGcaleka noRharhabe, mna ndininike nje elingene mna, zifundele ezinye ndizakukupha uludwe lwemibele endinxunxuthe kuyo ukwakha le mvaba phaya ekupheleni. Umzekelo, mhla ngetyala lokuhluthwa kobukumkani bamaRharhabe ngurhulumente othi ungowenkululeko, kwaphikisana u-Nkosi Advocate Siqithi Island Maqoma nobawo uMda kwangale nkalo bebeka ezabo izibakala ezifuze le mibengo niyisikelwa apha ngentla. Nazi iindawo esivumelana kuzo: unyaka ka1700 ubalulekile kule ngxoxo, okwesibini umlambo iNciba ubungazange ubonwe njengomda ngamaXhosa de impambano yenyuka ngodonga phakathi kukaSebe noMathanzima ukuze kude kufuneke incwadi yokundwendwela xa uzakuwuwela. Okwesithathu akuzange kubekho kumkani yamaGcaleka enyanzelisa eyamaRharhabe ukuba mayikhahlele kuyo ingazange iye nakurhulumente lowo ithi ecela ukugwetyelwa kwimbambano yayo noRharhabe. Okwesine, ukuba ungena endlini kuhleli lamadoda mabini ubulise ubuze impilo uRharhabe uzakukhangela kuGcaleka athi “phendula kumkani”, aphendule omnye athi “thetha ngokwakho mkhuluwa uyamlibazisa lo mnene”. Okwesihlanu, inkosi ibekwa esihlalweni yikumkani yayo ekhonza ekhahlela kuyo yambathiswe yiyo ingubo yobukhosi, kodwa ikumkani yambathiswa yenye ikumkani. AmaXhosa ke akazisokolisi oko kwangoko akayi kude. IKumkani yamaGcaleka ibekwa yambathiswe yeyamaRharhabe, neyamaRharhabe ngokunjalo. Asikho isizathu sokuba izizwe zikaPhalo zisusane ngale ndawo. Hayi masiphume kwiingxoxo zabakhulu sibuyele emxholweni, kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba sonke sindawonye ngoku, siyazazi ukuba sithetha ngowuphi na umhlaba. Ewe uchan’uCwethe ngotolo! Sikulo umfunxamfunxa ligazi lamagorha, amakroti, amakhalipha amafa naNkosi. Apha ke ekuphangweni kwawo uphele ingumhlatyana ophakathi komlambo iNxuba neNciba, ajikajikile ke amagama awo ngenxa yesihelegu sokudlwengulwa kwawo ngoondlebe zikhany’ilanga. Ukhe wangumda kwathiwa yi Koloni: No Man’s Land, kwaRharhabe, kwaNgqika/Gaika, Cafferland, British Kaffiraria, Queen Adelaide Province, the Cape of Good Hope Eastern Frontier, the Border Region, Ciskei, sisiqingatha seMpuma-Kapa. Ndiyathemba kuthe “qabu uNoqolomba efile nje!” '''INTSHAYELELO''' Zilithoba ke iimfazwe eziliwe phakathi kwamaXhosa namangesi, singazibalanga ke ezi ziliwe ngabamhlophe bodwa emhlabeni wethu behluthana ngenqatha lebhokhwe enomniniyo. Zine alwe kuzo uNkosi Major-General Maqoma, Ahh! Jongumsobomvu. EkaThuthula iDabi laMalinde ngo 1818, eyobukhaya, kuxabene uNdlambe noNgqika. Ibe yekaXhoxho 1834 apho sangqisha phantsi ngowokunene umlenze iSayama ngeNtaba zoMnqwazi sisithi, uNotshe, intomb’eLawu!! ukuba kuphalazwe igazi elimhlophe, igazi lenkosana uXhoxho umninawa wakhe, zanqoza. EkaHintsa 1835 nalapho kwabulawa ikumkani sisiphofuphofu isityhuthutyhuthu sexelegu legangxa lenkumanda yemikhosi yamangesi uSir Harry Smith (uSaqhwithi lo mandimthi jize nangesikhahlelo Ahh! Gil’imikhuba, Ahh!! Zanendlala). EyeZembe 1846-47 apho uTsili ephuma kwesikaTola kumaNdlambe weba izembe kwivenkile eseBhofolo, ambamba amapolisa eKoloni emqhubela eRhini etyaleni lakhe bhilikidi, waxhwilwa endleleni likhaba elalingayithandanga into yokugxagxanyiswa kogxa wabo esenziwa isisulu somthetho weKoloni. IKoloni, ngomlomo ka Colonel John Hare (ekuthiywe ngaye iFort Hare), yakhupha umthetho owawubambe busicelo wokuba ukumkani uSandile makakhulule ibanjwa elo alikhulululele emthethweni ukuze liye kujongana nezimoko zalo eRhini. Nkqi ukumkani ukuyenza loo nto. Zanqoza!!!. Akukho nxaxheba ibhadlileyo wayidlalayo ke kule imfazwe uMaqoma. “Kule imfazwe ndilele mna, andinakulibala yimfeketho yooTsili,” watsho omdala. Elandelayo yaba yekaMlanjeni 1850-53, yile ke sizakuyichuba apha leyo, ukusuka nokuhlala kwayo, siwasenge siwacintelele onke amadabi ayo. Ndingathanda kodwa ukuba khe ndinazise kwaba bantu ndithethe ngamagama abo apha ngentla. Ngubani uMajor-General Maqoma, uNgqika yena, uThuthula, uNdlambe, uXhoxho, uHintsa, uHarry Smith, uMlanjeni? Bendikhe ndathetha ngokumkani uPhalo, yena uzalwa nguTshiwo (unina nguSivanxa ezalwa nodade wabo uTiso, noLanga umninawa wakhe) ozalwa nguNgconde, NguTogu, nguSikhomo, nguNgcwangu, nguTshawe unyana kaNkosiyamntu yena ongunyana kaMalangana ozalwa nguXhosa yena ozalwa nguMnguni okanye Mngoni unyana kaNtu. Masiqaphele ke ukuba uMnguni uzele oonyana abaninzi ababa zizizwe nabo, uXhosa, uLuzumane lo kuthiwa nguZulu ngoku, uSwazi/Ngwane noNdebele. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba kwindlu kaNkosiyamntu uTshawe ngoweQadi, kwandlunkulu kuphume uCirha ekunene kwaphuma uJwarha. Uphatha ke uTshawe ngokoyisa abakhuluwa bakhe ngomkhosi owawuxuba nesizwe samaRhudulu ooSikhomo, wamleqa uJwara waya kuzimela kulonina. Kwavela intetho, xa kusuke imfazwe, ethi: Umbhaco uwile, igwala kulonina! '''UPhalo''' ke yena wazala uGcaleka noYonzi, noNomrhinti noRharhabe, uRharhabe wazala uMlawu noNdlambe umninawa wakhe. UMlawu wazala '''uNgqika''' Ahh!! Lwaganda, noNtibo ekunene. NgoNothonto/Menyezwa uNgqika wazibula ngamawele uMaqoma noNongwane bezalelwa eXhukwane eXesi, kwalandela uTyhali (unina ngu Heka), Xhoxho noAnta (owabanjiswa ukukhosi bukaNtibo wazala isizwe samaGwelane esibizwa ngenkabi yenkomo kaNtibo lowo) kwaza uSandile ezalwa nguSuthu inkosazana yabaThembu, yathi lonto nguye oyakuba yikumnkani, kwalandela uMatwa esiphuma kuye isaci samaXhosa esithi: “Izinto azimntakaNgqika”, noThente bazalwa nguNobutho. '''UMaqoma''' yena waba nabafazi abalishumi, esinamagama abo nguNonxina owokuqala kuze uKatyi owokugqibela. Abantwana bakhe, nguNamba uDalasile noTini endlunkulu, ibe nguKona ekunene kulandele, Mfazwe, Marhexane, Jotelo, Nomakhaya. Uyinkosi yesizwe samaJingqi awasimisela phezu komlambo iNgcwenxa (Kat River) ngemvume kayise. UJingqi ligama lenkabi yakhe yenkomo. Ekayise uNgqika nguMbombo. Wayethanda ke ukuzihlalela phambi kokuqala kosuku ekhangeleka ekuude ngengcinga eselula, esinga ejongise ngasempuma-langa yilento ke isikhahlelo sakhe sathi Ahh!! Jongumsobomvu. Ezi zenzo zakhe zifuze ezo zenye ikumkani yamaXhosa uHintsa, yena wathiwa jize ngesikhahlelo esithi Ahh!! Zanzolo. Waqala ke ukulwa njengenkumanda yomkhosi wamaXhosa phantsi kweNtaba ka Ndoda ukususela eNgcamngeni ukuya eDimbaza kwidabi laMalinde kwekaThuthula, waphuma izandla ke ukuza kuthi gaa kule kaMlanjeni. Kwizincomo zakhe ke esokuqala kuthiwa: Isirhotsha/Isipili sikaNothonto, ngenxa yokufana nonina intombi kaNxiya oyintombelawu elixubene nobuSuthu. ISayama ngeNtaba zomNqwazi (Katberg Mountain), emfazweni. INyok’emnyama/iZilenzi eCand’iziziba. INgwe ka Fordyce, kuba waqwenga le nkumanda yomkhosi wamangesi ibambane ngobhongwana kwintaba zomMthontsi (Waterkloof Mountains). Igama elithi Major-General akalilahlelwanga nje kuba eliphiwa oku kwenkam-nkam, alikho elinye emkhosini elingaphaya kwelo. Ukuba belikhona ngekusetyenziswe lona. Ekulweni kwakhe namangesi ubethe oo Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, Captain, Major-General, batshintsha-tshintshana bada baba ngamashumi mabini anesibini wabe emi yena inguye kwicala lamaXhosa enyanzelekile ukuba atshintshe ukucinga qho amangesi esiza nenkumanda entsha. Akuphelelanga apho ke, amangesi kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amathathu atshintshe iirhuluneli kwada kwayeyeshumi elinambini ngelixesha besisele simthathile uyise uNgqika isifo sephepha wabe eseyinkwenkwana uSandile umnini sihlalo kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwelixesha lonke de kwakhula uSandile, abambe njengekumkani yamaXhosa-Rharhabe. '''UNdlambe''' ke ngumninawa kaMlawu uyise kaKumkani uNgqika, Mlawu lowo owabulawa emfazweni kusiliwa ngomhlaba namaThembu ehamba noyise uRharhabe. Ebeselula ke uNgqika ukuba angaphatha, kwabanjiswa uyisekazi uNdlambe ngelithi uyakumnika umntwana into yakhe akuba alukile waba yindoda, akubanga njalo, wagweva eXerha okwenkunz’emfene yaseMdantsane uNdlambe, nkqi ukuphuma esihlalweni sikaNgqika. Yaba yimfazwe yobukhaya ke phakathi komRharhabe nomRharhabe. UNdlambe uzala uMdushane kuze uMqhayi, kuze uMhala, kuze uNowawe. Eli dabi laMalinde lona lisuswa yindelelo kaNgqika ngendaba kaThuthulula. '''Ngubani uThuthula?''' UNdlambe, esemi eMnyameni, uye wongeza kuthotho lwabafazi bakhe imbelukazi emanzandonga, intombi esithomo sayo sipha!! ukuphakama ngathi iyadlisela. Inkangeleko yayo isondele pha komaEritria, Topiya, Somalia kuphondo lweAfrika. Imilenze ithe tsotsololo yanda ngokunyuka ukuya kusithela phesheya kwenkciyo, isimomondiya esibengezela okweguzu liphuma ekhasini, alapha amafutha eentonga zethu. Wazala uMthunzana bafondini kwalil’iimazi, angqukuleka amadoda, zitshweda iintsana, bambombozela abafana atshikila amankazana!! Kanti livulwe nini izulu sesitanasa neengelosi kulomhlaba kaBawo? Bribri mntanam uyagula iyeza lakho ndim, kanti nongenathenda uyasiqhuba isiLahla, nongenabhaskithi uyaya eMalikeni.Uyawutsala umnxeba nongenamoya. Amehlo akhe lilanga lisithi ndithenge, ngamaqum-qum abuyozoyozo eyengezela ngathi athi “sondela bhuti nengubo ndafa bubuthongo”. Uncumo alunxibayo ngathi wazuza isidanga salo kwaNokholiji phantsi kweNduli kaQili ka Qoshe. Ungathi umbeke endlini emnyama lukhanyise kuvele namabibi agqunywe phakathi etyesini. Lwangongoza uvalo lomfana oma amathe isemi intombi isabela ubizo. Xa iguquka ibheka pha nditsho namaxhego adumba iintloko, izihlalo zimiswe kakuhle oku komcoselelo womchweli, ukuhamba ungafunga ukuba uphakathi emanzini unqakraza okwenkabi yebhokhwe emelwe yimbeleko. Ndingathetha ndithini na ke ngala mawele ahombise isifuba sakhe qabavu qekevu gqamama phetshu ingono okwegqenge-gqenge lepesika evuthelwe ukuvunwa kanye ukutyiwa. Mandikrwele umgca phantsi ukhe wawutsiba undifakile! Ukhetha ntoni icephe elitsha nelidala? Phuma langa sikothe!! Amaphotho esithsaba yimibedlana yamancanca ukuhambisa iminwe yesandla sayo indoda phakathi kwawo kuyithumela kwilizwe lemimoya, apho kugeleza kunkqenkqeza kuqukuqela kubaleka ubusi ubisi namanzi eendonga. Vuma kaloku ntombi ndakukuthengela uloliwe nomzila wakhe. Hayi sukani madoda!! Ziphi na eza nkomo bendiziphawulelwe kulomama? Bathi igama lakhe nguThuthula intombi kaMthunzana. Mna ndithi ngeliphantsi libambe butyhafa budangala liyengezela likhatshwa lolwancumo lukekeleyo lwesincwaso, Thsuthsulaah!!! Ewe yayisitsho njalo kaloku isoprano kwesa sitibili sethu seza konsathi zaziphathwa nguTsherimani encediswa sisinqininqini sakhe esimthuthela imali yokucela iingoma (Jukebox) ekwakusithiwa ngoSphutsu. Itsho ke isoprano okanye ifesti: “Ndiyamthand’uThuthula, nob’imalayikho, ndizakumlobola ngantoni?” Abalandelayo bemi ngelithi “khelekenkce, khelekenkce, khelekenkce, khenkce, khelekenkce, khenkce, khenkce!!!”. EsesiZulu istibili sasisithi: “Kukud’eGoli ngezinyawo…” sigqibele ngekhorasi ethi: “Thuthula, hamba Thuthula, emazweni hamba Thuthula, kudala ndihamba Thuthula ezizwe!”. Eyakho ke izakuthi, “Isikhalo somntwana siho-ye!! Thula mntwanam. Uyaliiil-ubhabha, thula mntwanam, wen’ukhalelani. Thula mntanam, kant’ukhalelani?” Kwakuhlwa uthi: “Masambe nono….” Wayijonga le nto uNgqika akayithanda into yokuba induku entle kangaka iphatwe ngamaxhego wamthabatha uThuthula kuNdlambe, esebenzisa iphakathi lakhe logaga uNtlebi kulo mkhuba. UNtlebi ubemi eDikeni ngakwaSikhutshane wabizelwa komkhulu eNgcwazi wanikwa umthetho olinqweme lenkawu, wathuma uBongwe noFolisa ukuba baye kuncinza uThuthula eMnyameni komkhulu kwaNdlambe uhambo lweentsuku ezimbini nobusuku bazo. Babuya naye abamsa komkhulu uNtlebi wasusa uNgqoko ukuba amthi mviii indlebe ukumkani wahlebela omdala ukuba “ikhona la mpahla, uyakusele eyinxibela pha kum entangeni, iyakuthi ke ukuba iyakulingana, unduluke nayo,” kuliwa ngaloo nto ke ngoku. Ebesoloko ke uNgqika emqeqesha unyana wakhe uMaqoma ukuze abe yikumkani emva kwakhe, phambili kule ngqeqesho yayiyindlela namacebo okukwazi ukulwa kuba kwakuhlaselwana zizizwe, uNgqawane, ihashe likaNgqika, naye wathatha eyakhe indima kolu qeqesho. Ngale ntsasa ke kaOctober/eyeDwarha 1818 sekubotshelelwe ngumkhosi wamawaka mabini amadoda, waqiniswa (ukugajiswa nokuhlanjwa nokuqatshulwa) wabulala neenkunzi zenkomo zokuwundulula usiya edabini kungena indoda eyayifudula ingumNdlambe, uMprofeti uNtsikana umfo kaGabha owayengumcebisi omkulu wakomkhulu iphethe ingqayi ebhotwe phezu komlambo iTyhume, afike ayiyeke iwe aphalale onke amanzi abekuyo zithi saa iingceba zayo. Athi kukumkani uNgqika, bendithe yinqande le mfazwe, isizwe samaXhosa sophalala ngolu hlobo, mbize abuye uMaqoma uyakufa pha. Nangoku waphantsa wafa kwasala enkundleni amaphakathi amaninzi abalulekileyo, ooNtlebi, ooJotelo, ooNteyi ooQukwana bephethelwe imbengwana nguMdushane unyana omkhulu kaNdlambe. Onke amazwi omprofeti awela phantsi zinkani zekumkani incediswa ngamaphakathi ogaga afana noManxoyi lo. Ecenga uNtsikana esithi: “Kumkani, sukulwa nabantakwenu yeyona nto izakukulahla phantsi leyo.” Impendulo kaNgqika: “Siyaya emfazweni!!!” Waguqukela kuMaqoma umprofeti ngelincamayo wacebisa: “Xa nibona ngathi utshaba lunitsalela ngaphakathi kwihlelo lalo, ningalandeli nithiyelwe ngesigu esiyingozi.” Uye waqokela ekhwaza sebekude: “Embonweni wam iintloko zenu beziphangwa ziimbovane.” Eyona nto yayithethwa ngumprofethi yile yokuba wathi akoyiswa uNgqika kweli dabi waya kucela uncedo ku Governor Lord Charles Somerset ekomkhulu lakhe laliseBhofolo, lithanda lokuqala elasetyenziswa ngamangesi ukungena izinto zamaXhosa de bazokusigonyamela nje unanamhla. '''UXhoxho''' ngumninawa kaMaqoma unina engemnye, wayanyaniswa kuHeka okwangunina kaTyhali. Abanye ababhali bathi uzalwa mfazi mnye noMatwa noThente. Ukanti ke uMatwa uzalwa nguNobutho iQadi likaSuthu ezalwa noThente noMacumbu. Kuthiwa ke uminyaka mithandathu ukoluka kukaMaqoma, ebenomzimba, ebudangala bunyaba ekukhuleni. Uthi uyise ngaye ngenye imini, “Khawujonge le nto, ithe dimfi phaya. Xa uyijongile wena ungathi yinkosana le? Amaphakathi am andicebisa ukuba mandimzeke unina kuba emhle, eyakundiphathela abantwana abahle, khanijonge ke le andiphathele yona ngoku, yintoni yona le? URhubusana yena ubhala athi ngaye, “yayiyinkosi engathethiyo, yaye kanjalo ibisoyiswa msinya ngamaphakathi akuthetha, noko loo nto ithethwayo ingagqibanga kuyiqonda. Loo nto yenza ukuba ingahlonelwa kuyaphi ngamaphakathi ayo.” UMaqoma ke yena wayengamboni ngoluhlobo lukayise uXhoxho, wamthanda kakhulu ehleli nje uyamkhusela usoloko enaye apho akhoyo. Yiyo nale ibangela ukuba kubekho imfazwe kaXhoxho 1834, okanye imfazwe eliwe ngenxa kaXhoxho phakathi kwamangesi namaXhosa, isuswa nguMaqoma emva kokuhlaselwa kukaTyhali otyala lakhe yayikukubuyela emhlabeni wakhe owawoxuthwe yiKoloni. ULieutenant Sutton (abanye benu bathenga eSutton Square eQonce, lowo nguRev.J.G Sutton owayeyinqununu yaseDale College) uthunywa ngu Somaseti ukuba makahlasele uTyhali amthathele nenkomo zakhe. Yaqala inkathazo ngeyoMnga 12 December 1834 zanqoza, bafika belindelwe ngamabutho kaTyhali, abelungu badubula isine sabantu kwachanwa noXhoxho eghruzulwa yimbumbulu icala lentloko. Waphambana uMaqoma: Ligazi elomhlophe eli, linomvuzo nomvuka, aliphalali nje ke. “UNotshe, intomb’eLawu!!!” Wabophelela amabutho akhe encediswa nangumkhosi wamaqhakancu bezimisele ngempindezelo, baqalisa ngokuwela umda abawubekelweyo yiKoloni bephuthuma iinkomo zabo ebezibiwe, kwaliwa, zanqoza eFort Willshire, ngeli thuba iNgqushwa yayisele ingaphakathi kumda weKoloni. Ecinga iingxoxo zoxolo ekuvunyelwene ngazo wavuka ngobusuku umfundisi uKayser eKnap’s Hope akuva isandi sokundila komkhono wekati wathi makasiwe kuMaqoma, wamfumana kulontshinyano yehlathi wasikhixa isililo unyawontle ebuza kuMaqoma ukuba “wenzani?” Uphendula ngelithi omdala: “Ndiyimbabala, andithi sidutyulwa sizingelwa njengazo ngoku thina zinkosi, sihluthelwe isidima sethu? Nguwe wedwa na umhambi apha le nto kucaca ukuba akuvanga ukuba kudutyulwe umntakwethu entloko, asazi ukuba ityala lakhe lithini?” Umfundisi waqhuba nokumcenga ukuba angahlaseli, wabe esithi yena akaqali mpi, uyaphindisa kuba engenakhaya elala emaweni ngenxa kaSomaseti. Waqhuba uMaqoma ehlupha iKoloni ehlasela ngesinyokothi enqumlisa le milambo ibisele ixuthiwe yiKoloni kusithiwa ingawelwa kuba yimida, wayiwela yena. Kulapho azuze izincomo ezithi: Yinyok’emnyam’ecand’iziziba!!! Yimfazwe kaXhoxho ke leyo. Ilandelwa yeka'''Hinsta''', owagetyengwa 12 May/Canzibe 1835 eNqabarha elibanjwa leKoloni kusithiwa uyakukhululwa mhla wakhupha umthetho kuzo zonke iinkosi zamaRharhabe ukuba zahlukane nokuhlasela iKoloni (besitsha zimbumbulu zikaMaqoma), okwesibini, bakumkhulula mhla bafumana 50 000 yenkomo newaka lamahashe. Omdala wathumela umyalezo kuMaqoma ukuba zifihlwe iinkomo bangacholi naphantsi abamhlope, okwesibini “angaze abathembe abelungu”. Bamdubula ke besenza ngathi ebezama ukwesaba eluvalelweni, bakrolonqa iindlebe namazinyo entlokweni yakhe bezakuzenzela amajikazi neembasa. UHintsa ke Ahh!! Zanzolo ebeyikumkani yamaXhosa emi kumhlaba wamaGcaleka, ebesithi amaRharhabe akuxakwa acele uncedo kuye, nakule ntsinda-badala yayiphakathi koNgqika noNdlambe wacebisa into yokuba aqeqeshwe uNgqika ngokungabi nambeko nangokulahlela isizwe ezandleni zabelungu, waza wathumela nowakhe umkhosi kwidabi laMalinde ukuze oyiswe nje uMaqoma. Kulo nto yonke ukususela apho ebengenayo enye inkumanda yomkhosi ayithembe ukudlula uMaqoma. Kungaphelelanga emkhosini nje kuphela nakwezenkcuba-buchopho nezomthetho ebemthanda uMaqoma. Nanko emthuma ukuya kunqanda idabi phakathi kwamaGqunukhwebe kaKama nemiDushane. Intombi kaMdushane ihlolelwe ukuba yendele kuKama, ibe ngumfazi wakhe wesibini. Wayala uKama esithi ungumKrestu yena akasingeni isithembu. Isigqibo salo ntlanganiso sathi: Mna Maqoma, nyana ka Ngqika, andinawo amandla okuphikisana noThixo kaKama, ngubani na ke onokumelana noThixo kaKama, uThixo odale bonke ubukhosi obukhoyo? Adliwa ke amaGqunukhwebe ezo nkomo zokuhlaza intombi yenkosi ibuye ingazekwanga. Yehla indaba ngenye imini amaphakathi kaHintsa aya kulanda uMaqoma ukuba alamle inguHintsa ke ngoku oyingxaki, ugxothe umkakhe uNomsa inkosazana yamaMpondo ebhotwe kuba bengavani ngoku unyana omkhulu uSarhili kufuneka olukile, akakwazi kungena engenamama. Wathetha nekumkani uMaqoma loluleka iqhina wabuya ukumkanikazi wangena umntwana esuthwini. UHintsa ngunyana kaKhawuta, ongunyana kaNgcaleka. Naliya ingcwaba lakhe phezu komlambo iGcuwa. Oonyana bakhe nguSarhili, Lind’inxuwa, Ndima, Xhoxho, Tyelimnyama, Mjezu, Bhobhoyi, Nozwane, Ncaphayi, Luyenge nabanye. Intombi nguKoloza nothotho lwezinye. Imfazwe kaHintsa ke iphela ngophalalo-gazi (ethnic cleansing) olunzulu kwisizwe samaRharhabe. UMaqoma undulula abafazi abalishumi linanye kuquka nabamhlophe ukuba baye ku Major-General John Cox (ekuthiywe ngaye iFort Cox) eQonce ukuze kuvulwe iingxoxo zoxolo “kuba iinkomo zimkile, amathafa neenduli zinuka ivumba lezidumbu zemfazwe,”watsho kugeleza iinyembezi isidlele esinye. '''Ngubani yena uSaqhwithi?''' '''NguSir Harry Smith'''. Ufika apha eBritish Kaffiraria nge 6 January 1835 ligqala ledabi laseWaterloo. Ubekade eseKapa ephethe amajoni khona. Wanconywa kakhulu yiBhilitane ngegalelo lakhe lokubulala amaNdiya kudlwengulwa umhlaba kwidolophu iAliwal yaseIndiya. Yena uyinzalelwane yaseWhittlesea yaseNgilane. Nguye owanyathela uJongomsobomvu entanyeni eBhayi, nguye onegazi lekumkani uHintsa ezamdleni zakhe. '''UMlanjeni''' ngumprofeti ovela ebantwini ngexa lengxokolo yembalela ka1850, uphuma kwisizwe semiQhayi kwesikaNdlambe. Unomlandeli wakhe ke umprofetikazi umama uNontetha Kwekwe pha eNgcabasa eXesi. Ulandela ke ekhondweni lothotho lwabaprofeti babantu abathunyelwa nguQamata wesizwe samaXhosa bephethe imiyalezo yokulumkisa nokwakha isizwe. Tanci kubo nguNtsikana umfo ka Gabha, umCirha uyise kaKobe noDukwana, owathi abantu abantsundu bophalala njengamanzi, isizwe sikaPhalo sozaliswa ziindlela zoololiwe. Wathi kuzakufika abantu abamhlophe bephethe iBhayibhile, ibhotile neqhosha elingenantunja. Kwezi zinto ze sithathe iBhayibhile yodwa. Ibhotile yona izakusiphalaza. “Ngubani na lo? nguYeye, uhamba nabani? noYise. Basphathele ntoni? Amasi. Ngendeb’enjani? Ebomvu. Bayibeka phi? Esbaya? Kwesingakanani? Kwesikhulu. Amabasele? Zizdenge zodwa!!” Mandenze into engenziwayo nditolike isiXhosa. UYeye yirhuluneli, uyise yikumkani (King William/George). Isiselo samaXhosa yayingamasi ingenguwo umqombothi, eselwa ngendebe eyayingazange ibe bomvu ngebala, yibranti le iphethwe apha. Bayibeka phi? Kwisibaya esikhulu. IBlanti emaXhoseni zange yangena kulemizana yethu, yangena komkhulu, buza ukumkani Ngqika Ahh!! Lwaganda kaMlawu, buza noNkosi Maqoma Ahh!! Jongumsobomvu. Iphela ke le vesi ngesilumkiso sokuba ningayiphathi. Naza nenjenjalo ke? Peeewu!!! Waqamba iculo lenkonzo: Ulengub’inkul’esiyambatha thina Ulongqin’izingela imiphefumlo Ulo Thixo omkhulu, ngosezulwini; Ungu Wena-wena Khaka lenyaniso. Ungu Wena-wena Nqaba yenyaniso. Ungu Wena-wena Hlathi lenyaniso. Abanye abaprofeti besizwe baquka noMakhanda ka Nxele, imfazwe yaseGazini phaya eRhini yaphela ebanjwa egityiselwa esiQithini. Yavela intetho ethi xa ulinde into engazukwenzeka kuthiwe “ulinde ukuza kukaNxele.” Nalapha, bambulala abelungu baxoka ngelithi warhaxwa ezama ukubaleka. (Iyafana nale kaBiko wahlatyaniselwa ngemibuzo encinwa wagqobhoka ukhakhayi lampompoza igazi lwangcol’ungele). Ityala lakhe kuba wabahlaza ngalemini ye22 kaApril/Tshaz’iimpuzi 1819 ehlasela emini ilanga lihlabe umhlaba ngamadoda alishumi lamawaka babaleka kuba babengalindelanga nto, babuya sebevutha ngumsindokazi wokucumza yonke into engumNdlambe. Kwaba bubutyityityi begazi kulendawo kuthiwa kuseGazini wena uyakuthi yi 1820 Settlers Monument. UMprofeti uMhlakaza yena nguyise kaNongqawuse. Bakho neninokubazi abalandelayo, oMgijima, oomama wase Chankcele, oomaNgconde, ooShembe, ooCredo Muthwa, oomamSonandi, ooRhadebe nabanye. Masingabadwelisi apha ke aba batyalwe ngongendawo bafumaneka kulo lonke eli benemilingo nomyalezo othimlisayo. '''ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA''' Ukuphela kweMfazwe yeZembe. Ngomhla we 14 December 1847 kufika irhuluneni enthsa ithunyelwa yiKoloni kumhlaba wamaRharhabe ithatha ke emva kukaRhuluneli Lieutenant Governor, Colonel John Hare owayephantsi kwesandla sika Maitland eKapa yena enikezele ulawulo ku Sir Henry Pottinger (kungenzeka ukuba uyazalana nalo wakwa Bell Pottinger inkampani yaseBhilitane esanda kubhadanywa ixhaphe amafutha kwibholo lokuthelekisa uMzantsi ngokobuhlanga ifunjathiswe yinkampani yosapho oluthile lwezinhanha zezifika-namthwalo olunkamfule urhulumente weli kwandawo, lazisikela kumanqatha obutyebi beli). Nguye lo Sir Henry Pottinger owaqhuba idabi lokugqibela leMfazwe yeZembe evuyelela amaGqunukhwebe kaPhatho Ahh!! Zwelandile uNovember wonke noDecember esenza into enye de yanikezela impi yakuthi. Iphela ke iMfazwe yeZembe ekhonkxiwe uKumkani Sandile egxothelwe elubhacweni eBhayi uMaqoma ehlala elalini yamaMfengu apho. EseBhayi njalo uMaqoma urhabula ulwimi ludlula ngeempukane eziluhlaza ukuba kukho irhuluneli entsha ethunyelwe yiBhilitane ezakufika ngalo mhla ngenqanawa kwalapha kunxweme lwaseBhayi. Waphalisa ke naye ukuvukela edolophini apho ukuya kuzibonela. Uqaphela siqhu sithile segxuba labangenelile abamhlophe bexokozela phambi kwehotela iPhoenix, wasondela, enye ingalo eyibeleke ngasemva esinga-singa ngesinye isandla. Ithe irhuluneli le intsha yakumqaphela ngefestile ikumgangatho ophezulu yehla yaphuma. Wothuka zapoqa iikawusi ngaphaya kwezihlangu omdala xa ebona kumi phambi kwakhe umbulali kaKumkani uHintsa, ebambe imihlathi waziva ethetha yedwa, “kanti iKoloni ithumele lento inguSmith ukuba ibe yirhuluneli? Azi soba ngabakabani? Yasondela kuye incume olweHlosi naye wacinga ukuba iza ngoxolo, kungathangani rhulukutyu intshuntshe irhuluneli yonda ngoJongumsobomvu, othuke wambatsha uyise wamaJingqi uye wahlehla, gquzu!!! isiqhazolo samadlagusha ohodoshe abebebukele, suka waphinda wayibuyisela kwasesingxobeni sayo waguquka wangena ehotela, engathethanga nto ngaphandle kolo ncumo ludikayo. Xa lithi ndithenge kwangolo suku uMaqoma ufumana isigidimi sokuba makafike kulaa hotela ehamba netoliki. Ngokwenene ke wazibona enyanzelekile ukuba aye kuba ebizwa yirhuluneli engacelwa ncam koko eyalelwa. Ekufikeni kwakhe, xa esolula isandla ngelixhawulayo elandela isiko lesintu xhakamfu yamngqula phantsi irhuluneli yamnyathela kubhongwana ngesihlangu imvimba umoya. Xa ezama ukungathi uyalwa, rhuthu kwalaa ntshuntshe yakusasa yamkhomba ngayo yakhonkotha ngaloo mlomo usisankqange la manzwi: “Oku makube sisifundo kuwe ukuba malazi lonke ilizwe looKafile ukuba ndim iNkosi nomlawuli kulo mhlaba kunjalo nje zakuphathwa ngolu hlobo iintshaba zeKumkanikazi yamangesi.” Ibe idume kakhulu ngezenzo zobuqaba nokungachubeki le ngqukumengqe uSmith, yonke into eyenzela ebugangxeni bobuxelegu. Esothukile owakuthi kodwa uwathandazele wawafumana amandlana okuziphendulela, uthethe ke ngelo lizwi licudisiweyo buduntsa buncwina wenjenje: “Uyinja, kwaye uziphethe okwenja, izenzo zakho zezobunja. Le uyenzayo akuyithunywanga nguKumkanikazi uVitoliya uyazi kakuhle ukuba ndingumntwan’egazi ncakasana nje ngaye.” Iqhuba nokusinhyala isihlangu entanyeni irhuluneli imxelele ukuba ngenxa yesigezo seeNkosi zamaXhosa kwiMfazwe yeZembe bakuhluthelwa yonke into abanayo, naloo malungelwana bebewanikwe yiKoloni kuba kukhala isihlangu sikaSmith ngoku. Waphakama apho esahexa unyana kaNgqika lungongoza uvalo ecinga ukuba ibuyile nje inja le izakubuyela kulaa nkohlakalo yayo ka1835, apho yayifungele ukubuhlutha ibubhuqe ibuvuthulule ibubhangise buphele ubunganga bezikumnkani neenkosi kumhlaba wamaRharhabe. Zimbini ke ngoku izihlandlo ahlaziswe kuzo esidlangalaleni ngendlela apha angazukufane ayilibale, okokuqala kukuqweqwediswa kwakhe nabantu bakhe bexheshelwa ngaphandle kumhlaba wamaJingqi eNgcwenxa ngo 1829, nale ke ngoku yokunyathelwa nguSaqhwithi entanyeni abantu nabelungu bejongile. Sisenzo esi esahlala sihleli siyintlungu kwimbali zamaXhosa ebaliselana isizukulwana ngesizukulwana. Lithi igqala lenkululeko yabantu, itshantliziyo elingasekhoyo elaphela liyiNkulu-Mbuso yokuqala yeMpuma-Kapa ubawo uRaymond Mhlaba wayebaliswelwa kakhulu ngoMaqoma ekukhuleni kwakhe eBhofolo kwiminyaka yo1920, ‘Utatomkhulu wam wayede abe ngathi uzakugabha xa ethetha ngoSmith emcaphukelela lento wayesingela phantsi ubukhosi bukaMaqoma, emphatha okwento engento.’ Kungentsuku zatywala emva kwale nkquleqhu irhuluneli entsha isuse elinye kumamaphakathi kaMaqoma ilithuma kumhlaba waseFort Hare ngehashe ukuba malise umyalezo kuKona unyana omkhulu kaMaqoma owayelibambela-kumkani lo gama uyise eseselubhacweni eBhayi. Lafika ke igqala elo emva kokuphalisa iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku bazo liphethe umyalezo wokuba unyana lowo uyafunwa entlanganisweni ekhwetywa yirhuluneli leyo eQonce. “Kuloo nkomfa kohlangana zonke iinkosi zezizwe zamaXhosa kaRharhabe,” laqokela latsho. Kuthi qatha engqondweni kaKona ukuba “thyini ndiyamnakana lo Sambhuntsuntsu kangxoway’ibotshwa wayegqugqisa ebaphethe mantsantsa ootata apha ndilikrwala ngo 1835, peewu! Kazi le nto ngaba ifuna ukuba yintoni?” Ukanti ke lonke eli lixa lisemva kweMfazwe yeZembe bebehlelisene kakuhle neKoloni oonyana bakaMaqoma oKona noNamba, besebenzisana neArhente yeKoloni kumhlaba waseFort Hare umfo owayengene kweli ezenza umfundisi kanti ungungcothoza werhuluneli u(Rev?) Henry Calderwood. Bade bathiwa jize ngemihlambi yeenkomo ezihluthwe kuSandile yiKoloni yabanceda ke loo nto ukubuyekeza ilahleko yabo mhla ngeMfazwe yeZembe. '''INKOMFA YOKUQALA YASEQONCE''' Nge 23 December 1847 yangena inkomfa ebibizelwe eQonce neNkosi zama Xhosa. Abathunywa ke babemi ngulo hlobo, isizwe samaNgqika-Rharhabe sasimelwe ngukumkani uSandile ephuma eluvalelweni, Anta, Suthu, noKona. UBhotomane noTola bemele imiDange. Kwangena uMhala uNkosi Siyolo noNkosi Siwani bemele amaNdlambe . UTshatshu wamaNtinde noNkosi Phatho Ahh!!!Zwelandile wamaGqunukhwebe. Irhuluneli ke nayo yaphalisa isuka eBhayi isiya eQonce, ikomkhulu layo eyazakhela lona iseyinkumanda yamajoni kwiminyaka elisumi linanye ngaphambi kwezi zinto. IQonce le abantu bayathanda ukukhalaza ngelithi ishushu kakhulu apha ehlotyeni, andazi nokuba abaqapheli na ukuba isesigingqini irhangqwe zintaba. Yayikhethelwe loo nto kanye nguSmith lo kuba kwakusiliwa, wayephupha ngoMaqoma ozokuhlasela nokuba sekusezinzulwini zobusuku. Kungoko wayefuna ukulubona utshaba lusesenkcochoyini yentaba nokuba luvele kweliphi icala ingakumbi eli laseDikeni. Yagaleleka la nkanyamba ithe nkqo inteshana yomxhaxha ivathe unonca ka”ndayame-nhanha” (tight) wetsithakhwe yalomaxesha kucaca ukuba yayimhlophe ngokuya yayifika, phuhlu amaphambili ngaphandle. Ive ngamaquza omkosi anyuke azakuma ngedolo. Ngasentla ngujobela omhle ongulombala wolwandle apha ekudibaneni ngaphambili unemiphetho egolide ehonjiswe ngothotho lwamaqhosha asilivere esehla macala omabini, umphetho wasentanyeni ugotyelwe phezulu. Isithsaba sisidlokolo esikwambala mnye nebhatyi nalomihombiso yemingqi enomtsalane kunene. Usondele kuzo iinkosi naloo mlomo, ethe qheke lo mazinyo akhabileyo avame ngokugqola yingxubevange yentshongo nekofu. Amabhovu amade amdaka namehlo esikhotshola (inyoka enobuhlungu) azele mome ubuthuku. Uphethe iziqwayi ezimbini wabanika waqalisa ukuphimisela ekhwaza kungekho sizathu etshayinta engemanga ndawonye ethe gaa isifuba okwehobe lojiwe, engqangwe bubugxwangu bamajoni eKoloni. Uthe: “Esinye sezo ziqwayi simele imfazwe esinye simele uxolo, khethani enisithandayo,” watsho ejinga amanqagisa engade awasule (bebezakuthi abakuthi nqanda ezo bhokhwe zimhlophe!!). Zajongana ezakuthi zasa amahlo kwezi zixhobo zala majoni zaya ngokungathi zicebiselene ukuxhumela esi soxolo isiqwayi. Waphinda waghraghrama ngathi ufuna kuve nabaseBhilitane, “tshayelani basuke bonke abantu benu ebesithe mabangahlali kummandla ongumda phakathi kweKoloni namaXhosa, ukususela ngoku, siyawulawula wonke umhlaba ophakathi komlambo iXesi nomlambo iNciba, ngaphezu kwalo sele siwuginyile. Lo mhlaba ke ngoku uzakuba nguGunyaziwe weBritish Kaffiraria.” Kulo mmandla ke akukho Nkosi iyakwamkela mirhumo nazinwe ezisuka ebantwini bayo, makuphele tu cwaka gqibe ukunukwa nokungcuthwa kwamagqwira kulo mmandla. Kwisizwe ngasinye kothunyelwa umkomishinala omhlophe yiKoloni ozakuba liliso layo apho. Le ke intetho yawaqoba umqolo yawujija yawaqhawula umnqambulo onke emalungelo namandla okulawula iinkosi zabantu. Noxa nje zazifutha ngaphakathi kwanyanzekleka ukuba ziginye nokuba kuyakrakra. Labe lizalwa ngokutsha kwakhona iphondo leKoloni eselibizwa ngoku ngokuba yiQueen Adelaide Province. Akwalindwa kuqandusela kwankukhu lwaqala ulawulo lweKoloni, ngesiquphe. UColonel George MacKinnon owayesanda kufika kweli wamiselwa abe ngumkomishinala oyiNtloko weBritish Kaffiraria kwabekwa abakomishinala ababini phantsi kwakhe. uCaptain John Maclean uzakujongana nezizwe zaselunxwemeni, amaGqunukhwebe namaNdlambe. Ityendyana unyana kamfundisi John Brownlee enguCharles yena wamiselwa ukulawula amaRharhabe la kaNgqika, wayesikhupha nangempumlo ke lo isiXhosa ukusithetha ukusibhala nokusitolika ehlala eMkhubiso kokwabo, kule ndawo inesikolo sabelimi ngoku. Yagaleleka iNyhwagi, fuxe, egcwele indawo uMhlangala endaweni yayo. NgeyoMdumba/February 1848 uyavunyelwa uMaqoma ukuba makabuye elubhacweni eBhayi ukhonjwa kwilali yaseMsobomvu. Apho babekwe khona abantu bakhe besuswa kumhlaba “weKoloni”. Zaba ne ke iinyanga ebuyile engena ephuma kumhlaba weKoloni ngokungemthetho ekhangela abantu bakhe abachithachithwe yiMfazwe yeZembe, noxa nje yayingemntu wonke oyaziyo eyona nto aphezu kwayo. Abangamthandiyo bamhleba ngokuba wayehamba asarha iCape Smoke (blanti) ezinkantini zaseBhofolo naseRhini. Mkhulu ke noko umonakalo owenziwa yile Mfazwe nokudlengulwa komhlaba nemfuyo ngaba hodoshe. Isizwe samaJingqi isishiya singamajingi-qhiwu abantu bethe saa umfuyo ishokoxekile. Ayelishumi linesixhenxe amawaka abalandeli bakaMaqoma ngo 1836 kodwa kufika unyaka ka 1848 sele elawula iqaqobana labantu abamawaka mabini neenkomo ezikwangako. Kwaba ngcono noko kuKumkani Sandile noxa nje naye wabetheka, usele neshumi linesihlanu lamawaka ukususela kwelinesixhenxe labantu abamkhonzayo neenkomo ezilishumi lamawaka nesiqingatha emva ko 1846. Noxa nje bakhawuleza banikezela kulawulo lobukoloniyali abantu bakaMaqoma, amaJingqi ngawo abetheka kakhulu nangaphezu kwezizwe ezaqhubela phambili nomzabalazo wokulwa abangeneleli. Abanxanelwe igwiba babalekela kwimimandla yamaMfengu, abasenomdla wokulwa bangena kwimikhosi yezinye izizwe ezazisayibambele phezulu imfazwe. Izihlandlo ezininzi kuJune/eyeSilimela walo nyaka uzame ukukhuphela abantu bakayise kummandla ongaphesheya kweTyhume, kweli cala lingaseBhofolo, kodwa wabethwa ebethiwe egxothelwa kwelinye icala eli ngamapolisa ekoloni kuba kaloku eli cala alinyolukeleyo besele lidliwe yikoloni. Ezingisile njalo ukubuyela kumhlaba wakhe eNgcwenxa uJongumsobomvu wabhala isicelo sokuba ahlaliswe nabantu bakhe ngentlana kancinane kwindawo eyayiyeyakhe kanye xa udlula ubhekisa ngaseHewu. Sakhatywa esi sicelo kuba lo mhla wawujolelwe amafama amhlophe asalima efuye phaya ke nangoku. Yaqalisa inkosi ukufudumala ngumsindwana wokuzibona sele iyimbabala yolwantunge kumhlaba kayise. Ulwamvila lolawulo lweKoloni lwakhawuleza lwathi tshitshilili kummandla iBritish Kaffiraria emva kokubhavumla kukaSaqhwithi uSmith kwinkomfa yaseQonce. Abakomishinala awababekayo wabalandelisa ngomkhosi wokukhusela izigqibo zabo ukuze kungabikho bani uphikisana nolawulo lweKoloni. Lo mkhosi wogonyamelo wawuhleli uhleli, umawaka mabili amajoni amhlophe, exutywe nawamaqhakancu kunye namakhulu amapolisa angamaXhosa. Phantsi kwale meko yogonyamelo amadoda amaninzi amaXhosa aphela engabaqeshwa kwidolophu ezazisaqala zabelungu ooQonce nooMonti aba. Njengokuba kwakhukuliswa onke amaRharhabe phesheya komlambo iTyhume kwakulungiselelwa ukufakwa kwabelungu njengabahlali bezi ndawo. Iilali zabo bazibiza Woburn, Auckland neJuanasberg, kwatwezwa neelali zamamfengu iDike eli lonke ukungqinga iFort Hare le kanye. Isizwe samaXhosa sazala zindlela neeblorho neenqaba lankenteza kwakhona ilizwi likaMprofeti uNtsikana. AmaXhosa amaninzi abhenela kwizikhululo zabefundisi beLizwi apho babenikwa amakhuba nembewu nto leyo eyababekela bucala yabenza into engento abalawuli bemveli eyayingumsebenzi wabo lo eluntwini. Ngoku amaXhosa ayehluthwe onke amandla okuzingca. Kwezolawulo ayexhomekeke kubakomishinala bakaSmith, ngomthetho bephantsi kwamapolisa eKoloni, uqoqosho lonke lusezandleni zabangeneleli amaXhosa ekhongozela iimbhuphu eziwa kwezo tafile zihlihlimayo zivuza indyebo yomhlaba wawo. Ngokwengqiqo ayexhomekeke kwintshumayelo yabefundisi abamhlophe eyayibabonisa ubuhle bempucuko yaseNtshona ekufuneka yamkelwe njengoko isiza ingavukelwa. Wayijonga uMaqoma le nkquleqhu wafungela ukungabuhlaziyi ubuhlobo bakhe naba befundisi lence, wabalela nabantu bakhe ukuba baqhube nokungena ezi nkonzo zilahlekisayo. Waphawula nokuba sehle saya kufika emanqineni isidima sobukhosi bemveli ingakumbi oko kwapheliswa izinto ezimbini ezazibugcinile, iinkomo zesahlulo ngenqoma, kunye neenkundla ezazinuka zigwebe amagqwirha. Imfazwe yeZembe yaphela ngenkulu yona indlala, khumbula kaloku ikoloni xa ihlasela yayiceba elona xesha libalulekileyo ebomini noqoqosho lomXhosa, xa iinkosi zikhuphe umthetho wokuba makutyalwe amasimi okanye xa kuvunwa. Ngale mfazwe ke umkhosi wamagwangqa wawufika ubhubhise ubulale undlengule utshise namasimi ukuze abantu abaseleyo balambe baye kucela umsebenzi kubangeneleli. Alamba ke amaXhosa aphela eqala umkhuba wokuphuthuma iinkomo zawo ngaphesheya komda wamakoloniyali ngokungekho mthethweni. Omnye wabakomishinala uBrownlee utyhola ngelithi uKona wayefundisa abalandeli bakhe ebakhuthaza ukuba mabebe iinkomo zabelungu kuba ezama ukuthandwa kuno Namba umntakwabo oyena wayezalelwe ukuba yindlalifa kaJongumsobomvu. Ngeli lixa ke yena uNamba wayesabacenga abelungu kummandla alawula kuwo. '''INKOMFA YESIBINI YASEQONCE''' Le nto yakhokelela uSaqhwithi Ahh!! Zanendlala Sir Harry Smith iRhuluneli ukuba akhwaze enye inkomfa nge 07 October/Canzibe 1848 apho wafika wazigxwagxusha iinkosi zamaXhosa ezishayitela ukubiwa kwenkomo zabelungu okuthande ukuxaka. Wabhavumla engqale kukumkani etshukutshela lo mbuzo, “San Dili, cacisa, kutheni iinkomo zabelungu ziphela ngamatutu?” IKumkani uSandile yajonga kumkhuluwa wayo uMaqoma iqonda nje ukuba eli lelinye lamathuba ezaa mpendulo zakhe zingambaliyo uSaqhwithi zingamazi nokuba usisiciko sayiphi na imbiza. Walibhaqa eli qhinga umlungu wakhonkotha, “Ndithe San Dili akhange ndithi Mocomo, phendula ngokwakho.” Zahlala ke iinkosi zizezo zishwayimbana etshayinta losambhuntsuntsu ethetha yedwa ethethela phezulu eshiya alilibeleyo ebathembisa ngohlaselo lomkhosi ukuba ubusela beenkomo zabelungu abupheliswa ziinkosi kanye ngaloo mzuzu. Ingxelo kamkomishinala uCharles Brownlee yayingatyeki ngakumaJingqi. Wasola wona kakhulu ngobu busela kummandla aphathiswe wona. Kubhaqwa amadoda amaJingqi esiba ukutya kwezi nqaba zabelungu mihla le atyatyulwe isigwebo semivumba engamashumi amathutha zincazelane izihlalo. Waqokela watsho umkomishinala. Aya esiya ngokuphela amathemba kuMaqoma akuqaphela ukuba luyendela ulawulo lobukoloniyali, luyabhanga ulawulo lweenkosi. Kwakungekho kwandlela yakucenga ingakumbi nje ngokuba iKoloni ithumela uSaqhwithi nje eBritish Kaffiraria ukuba ayilawule ngeli bhunguza aliphetheyo. NgeyoMdumba ka 1949 uKona wagweba uPantsi omnye kubantu bakhe owatyholwa ngobugqwirha waza wancinwa wangcungcuthekiswa wafa. Umkomishinala uCharles Brownlee waliphanda elityala wagibisela entolongweni abo babandakanyekayo kuquka noNed Maqoma noThata igqirhakazi. Engazange abufumane enjalo ubungqina obubambekayo bokuvalela uKona emjiva, yazicacela kuye into yokuba ikoloni ibingafekethi ngokuya ibisithi makuphele tu cwaka ukunukwa kwamagqwirha.Kwathi xa kusithela eYokwindla/March ku 1949 uMaqoma noNamba balahleka iinyanga ezintathu zonke bengabonakali kumhlaba kaRharhabe kanti basatyelele uManyawuza uNomsa indlunkulu kaHintsa nonyana wakhe uSarhili kukho macebo athile ababeye kuhlangula wona ukuze babuyele nawo ekhaya kumcimbi othile ozayo ongaziwa mntu ke phofu ulinqweme lakomkhulu. Behleli ke ezinyanga zingaka bebencina apha kumama wesizwe amaqhinga okugxotha umhlola ekhaya, lo kaloku wedolo lomlungu elihleli esifubeni samaRharhabe angakwazi nokuzonwaya. Sele edlulile amashumi mabini eminyaka uMaqoma wamnceda uNomsa lo egxothwe ngumyeni iKumkani uHintsa lo wagwintwa nguSmith wambulala. Akucaci ke ukuba zaphela ndawoni ezi ngxoxo kodwa awazange athathe nxaxheba isesidlangalaleni amaGcaleka kwiMfazwe eyalandelayo kaMlanjeni, mhalwumbi ke uMaqoma wayebacengela ukuba mabenze olwabo uvukelo lwekoloni abavuma. Usathwasa nje unyaka ka1850 uvula ngenkulu imbhalela eyalibharhisa latshaza laxweba kalusizi ilizwe likaRharhabe elibizwa British Kaffiraria. Ngenxa yobunzima iinkosi zaqalisa ukuphuthuma izahlulo zazo ebantwini, kaloku “inkomo yenqoma yintsengwebheka” madoda, uyisenga nje uyabheka hleze umniniyo sele elapha ukuza kuyiphuthuma, ubuyibolekiwe kakade. Yabaqumbisa ke abantu le nto baqalisa ukuhumshela ngenkohlakalo yezi nkosi zingenalusini. Phakathi kwaloo ngxokolo uninzi lwabantu lucunukile yindlala, yimbalela nesenzo seenkosi kwabakho ngesiquphe indoda eyaba ngumprofeti ivela kwisizwe semiQhayi kwaNdlambe egama linguMlanjeni. '''ISAHLUKO SESIBINI''' …… Stapleton, Timothy, 2016,Maqoma: The Legend of a Great Xhosa Warrior, Amava Heritage Publishing Dekker, Nicholas, 2017, Maqoma’s Last War, Amava Heritage Publishing W.B Rhubusana, 1906, Zemk’iinkomo Magwalandini, Lovedale Press Jolobe , JJR, 1970, Indyebo Yesihobe, Incwadi 2, EducumPublishers Opland, Jeff and Mtuze, Peter, 2017, SEK Mqhayi: Iziganeko Zesizwe, Volume 4, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press Bennie G.W, 2011, Imibengo, Lovedale Press Yekela, Drucilla, 1988, The Life and Times of Kama Chungwa 1798-1875, MA Thesis, Rhodes University. Tlhapi J, 2016, Case 22654/2011 King Bangiliawe Maxhobayakhawuleza Sandile vs. President of the Republic of South Africa and six others, Pretoria Gauteng Division of Hight Court of South Africa. Benso 1981, The Republic of Ciskei: A nation in Transition, Benso Elliott, Aubrey, 19.., The Magic World of the Xhosa olvrq6pjymnp22za9un2g1bs1v1j82g 0 6679 40840 40792 2026-06-12T14:31:57Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40840 wikitext text/x-wiki imfene asisilo sikhe sifuywe mntu emaXhoseni, sifuywa emlungwini kuphela. sisilo esi[[ukukhankanya|khankanyelwa]] kubantu abang[[amagqwirha]]. Sisilo ekuthiwa size n[[abantu baseMbo]], kuba ezamaXhosa izilo zo[[ukuthakatha|kuthakatha]] ibizizikhova (oothunywashe), nothikoloshe noozimpundulu, ne[[Ingcuka|ngcuka]] n[[amachanti]]. Izilo zokuthwasa ibiziindlovu, ingonyama nengwe. Ke ababeneemfene babezifihla koovimba nakwezinye iindawo ezikholisa ukuyiwa ngabo bodwa, athi norhanayo [[ukurhana|arhane]] ngokubona [[ithupha]] layo kwakusa, mhlawumbi ngokuyibona ngasebuhlanti, ebusuku, [[Ukwanya|isanya]] iinkomo zabanye abantu. Eli qhalo livele kuloo nto yokuba kuyinto enqatyiswe kakhulu ngabaniniyo. Uthi namhlanje umntu oy[[inzotsholo]], oko kukuthi, ong[[untamnani]], uve sekusithiwa, ''Lunyawo lwemfene'', mhlawumbi lunyawo luka-Janyuwali; oko kukuthi yinto esekubonakala yayo yokugaqa nokuhlalela abanye abantu, ngasese ebexoka, ebahleba, esekeleze inzuzo kuphela ngabo. Waye enjalo nje ezifihla, ebonakala ngathi ulungile, ek[[Ukukhanyela|ukhanyela]] ukuba ung[[untamnani]], ade alile nokulila. Uthi ke kuba efihlwa kakhulu umntu onjalo, njengemfene, ngaabo abathuthela iindaba, kuze kubonakale imisebenzi yakhe yodwa, sekuthiwa ''Lunyawo lwemfene'' . Ngumsebenzi okukhohlakala kukhulu, obufanele ukuba ungenziwa, ungangenwa, ngabantu bakowethu ngenxa yenzuzo yemali. n6abwd8wocby8ud5uezd41h7c004ey3 0 6706 40844 40809 2026-06-12T14:32:47Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40844 wikitext text/x-wiki ::Ngokubhalwe ngu-W. W. G.J Kuthiwa uLangana, unyana omncinane kaDebe, waazimela kowabo emaGqunukhwebeni, weza kukhonza kule ndlu kaTshawe, ngeemini zikaTshiwo. Wamkelwa, wabusa, wanobuphakathi kwakuTshiwo apho. Wazekelwa umfazi nguTshiwo, waza wazala uKwáne oyintanga kaRharhabe. Waathi kuba ngelo xesha uPhalo ubesika kunene abantu, waba lelinye lamagosa anikelwa abantu abangamagqwirha ukuba basikwe. Kuthiwa kuthe ngexesha uPhalo ebemi eNxarhuni apha, kwafika abantu abasuswa nguGcaleka ukuzakuhlaba umkhosi kuPhalo noRharhabe ukuba umzi umanyonywana nguNgqosini, inkosi yamaGqwashe, namagwangqa, kwanamaNgqosini. Loo nkosi yileya yayikhe yalwa noKhanzi, mzuzu, ngophondo lwendlovu, besebancinane uRharhabe noKwáne. Namhla yavukela uGcaleka, owathi yena waza kuhlaba umkhosi kuyise, nasekunene kuRharhabe, umninawe wakhe. uPhalo uyihlanganisile eyakhe (Umnqhalasi) eyona ilixhiba, baza bathi ke uKwáne noGaba inkosana ebikwakhonza kuPhalo, iligosa nayo lokusika abantu, bathi ukuvela kwabo bavela namahlathi ezimpi ezikholise ngaba bantu kwakuthiwe mabasikwe bayathakatha. Kuthiwa waathi akubona loo nto uPhalo wasel'ebamisela ebukhosini, wabanikela indwe yaloo mabandla bawaphetheyo, wabanxiba ubuhlalu (intsimbi) ukuba bawathethe bawagqibe amatyala, (noko awokubhena ebeyakuya kuye wona nakuRharhabe) ize nayo yonke iminikelo ebisenziwa komkhulu enje ngokwindla (ulibo), uvalo lwemvubu, isifuba sempofu, izintsu zengwe, indwe, inamba, izizi, bazamkele. Waagqibela ngelizwi elithi kubo,-"Ize nibinze nakumukuba ndinonile. Wayethetha ke ukuthi amaGqunukhwebe namaNgqosini angabinza kooRharhabe noGcaleka, oonyana bakhe abakhulu. Yiyo ke le ndawo wade wamthimba wambamba uRharhabe ngakwelaa hlathi likaNxele, ukuze ade aphuthunywe nguKibiko omnye woonyana bakhe. :::::UMNOMBO KADEBE Kuthiwa uDebe waazala uLangana, waza uLangana wazala uKwáne. UKwáne ke kuthiwa uzele uTyarha noBhabha intombi. Abanye bathi uKwáne waazala uGqunukhwebe, oyena waazala uTyarha. Asiyazi ke eyona nyaniso ukuba yiyiphi na. Utyarha uzele UTshaka. UTshaka wazala uChungwa inkulu, noNxashe ozele uMbini, ozele uGqamana ekunene. UChungwa uzele uPhatho inkulu, noKobe noHina abamaqadi endlu enkulu kwanoToni noNyengana. Kwelinye iqadi kwale ndlu enkulu kuzelwe uSitu, ozele uHobeni, ozele uMomo, noBhadi ekunene. UMomo uzele uZondani. Kwiqadi lakuloBhadi kuzelwe uNkuntsu, ozele uKhulu, ozele uKilasi, ozele uMdyogolo. UBhadi uzele uManana, Thembani, noDyemane ekunene. UManana uzele uFrank, Daniel, Maya, noSamuel. UThembani uzele uNtanti, noSonamzi. UZondani wazala amankazana odwa. Igama lenkabi kaChungwa yomzi omkhulu nguNxwála. Ekunene uChungwa uzele uKama. Kwiqadi lasekunene uzele umama ozele uMbúlwana (James)noBoyce Mama. UJames Mama uzele uLot, noWilliam, noHolford, nabanye. UBoyce Mama uzele uShadrach, James, nabanye. UPhato uzele uDilima inkulu, noMate ekunene, noYongama ixhiba. Udilima uzele uNamba. UMate uzele uMkhonzi. UKobe uzele uKatikati kwindlu enkulu, noDyani, noMqali; ekunene wazala uKosani. UKosani uzele uKalikeni inkulu, nabanye. UKama uzele uMani (Samuel) inkulu, noXhanti (William Shaw), noMzinana (John Wesley). UMani uzele uLuthuli nabanye. UHina uzele uSampu kwindlu enkulu, noSentile noFeni. Ekunene uzele uJayi noNalo. UToni uzele uTapolisi nabanye. Buninzi ke obunye ubukhosana obukhoyo emaGqunukhwebeni. :::::IVELA NGQANGI KACHUNGWA Imvela ngqangi kaChungwa nguKobe, umfo okhe wawuphatha kakuhle wonke lo mzi wasemaGqunukhwebeni emva kokubhubha kukaChungwa. Kuthiwangumfo ebenamaci amahle okuwuphatha umzi, owathi wabaphatha kakuhle abantwana bakayise uPato noKama. Yinkosi ebithandwa kunene ngamaGqunukhwebe. Kuvakala ukuba maninzi amaGqunukhwebe awasalayo kuye, akaya noKama eTala. NguSampu unyana omkhulu kaHina , inkosi yaseMxumbu, owaya noKama eTala. Waanyamezela wahlala noKama lowo, wada noKama wamzekela intombi kaDwane inkosazana yakwaNtinde. :::::UPHATO INKULU UPhato intw'enkulu kaChungwa yinkosi ebithandwa kahulu emaGqunukhwebeni. Asinkosi ibikholisa ngakulala ingene ingakuRhulumente kwezi mfazwe zonke bezisiliwa. Yinkosi ebiligorha, eliciko, ebisithi icala ebambe kulo kwezi mfazwe ibambe kalukhuni kude kumamaniseke. :::::UKAMA UKUNENE Ukama yinkosi ebizolile, ibabekile ibathanda abantu bakowayo. Ide yafun'ukugubungela ngodumo nangesithozela, ngangokude uninzi lwabantu, abalunge kuPhato, babuse kuye iminyaka emininzi, engenzi khethe ekubaphatheni kuba belunge kwenye inkosi. Ithe eyona nto yambangela ngakumbi udumo yaba kukwamkela ilizwi likaThixo ngomxhelo nangenyaniso. Waasikeleleka kunene, wabekwa wahlonelwa kakhulu nasebukhweni bakhe kwaRharhabe. Akavumanga ukuzeka isithembu, wayigxotha nentombi kaMdutshane awayeyiganelwa ngamakowabo. Ityala lokuyigxotha laagwetywa nguMaqoma iciko elikhulu wathi, -"Ngubani na noThixo kaKama, uThixo odale bonke ubukhosi obukhoyo; yena (Maqoma) ezalwa nguNgqika nje, akanamandla okumphikisa uThixo kaKama." 39cuob8jp8jaj8ebamv8vr7vpwwzltv 0 8524 40851 40785 2026-06-12T14:34:45Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]): Rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode (TwinkleGlobal) 40851 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Cristiano Ronaldo 2018.jpg|thumb|UCristiano Ronaldo]] '''UCristiano Ronaldo''', ozalwa ngoFebruwari 5, 1985, ngumphambili webhola ekhatywayo wasePortugal. Udlalela iqela lesizwe lasePortugal kunye namaqela ehlabathi afana neReal Madrid, Juventus, kunye neManchester United. Uyaziwa ngobuchule bakhe, isantya, kunye namagowuli amaninzi awabethayo, waba ngomnye wabadlali abaphumelele imbasa yeBallon d'Or kaninzi. Ronaldo uthathwa njengenye yezona zintshatsheli zibalaseleyo kwimbali yebhola ekhatywayo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-11|title=Cristiano Ronaldo {{!}} Biography, Football, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo|accessdate=2024-12-13|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> == iReference == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ronaldo, Cristiano}} [[Category:Ibhola ekhatywayo| ]] tju2a5hnnt0wnbtzdabrbil5pmabxku 0 8569 40853 40653 2026-06-12T14:35:33Z A09 12731 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/CharlieSakza2002|CharlieSakza2002]] ([[User talk:CharlieSakza2002|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Goutam1962|Goutam1962]] 39611 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:Lion (Panthera leo) male 6y.jpg|thumb|Ibhubesi]] [[File:Lion Cubs Phinda 2011.ogv|thumb|right|Ividiyo yengonyama kunye namathole ayo ePhinda Reserve]] '''Ingonyama''' ('''''Panthera leo''''') yikati enkulu yohlobo ''lwePanthera'', inzalelwane [[I-Afrika|yaseAfrika]] [[IIndia|naseIndiya]]. fkgfab8l2esn1w37e7e5ilxc553u77m 0 8732 40870 39255 2026-06-13T01:14:36Z InternetArchiveBot 10408 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iminyaka elishumi yamazwe ngamazwe kuBantu baseAfrika''', i-2015-2024, <ref name="planaction">{{Cite web|title=Programme of Activities for the Implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/programme-activities#:~:text=The%20UN%20General%20Assembly%20proclaimed,rights%20by%20people%20of%20African|accessdate=28 January 2025|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> yabhengezwa yi- UN General Assembly kwisigqibo (68/237) esamkelwe ngomhla wama-23 kwinyanga yoMnga 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 23 December 2013 ... 68/237. Proclamation of the International Decade for People of African Descent|url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n13/453/67/pdf/n1345367.pdf|accessdate=28 January 2025|publisher=United Nations General Assembly|archive-date=17 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217123605/https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n13/453/67/pdf/n1345367.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Umxholo welishumi leminyaka yamazwe ngamazwe wawusithi, “Abantu abayinzala yaseAfrika: ukuqatshelwa, ubulungisa nophuhliso”. <ref name="planaction" /> Ngomhla we-17 kweyoMnga 2024, isibhengezo seZizwe eziManyeneyo sabhengeza iphulo elibizwa nge '''iSecond International Decade for People of African Descent''', ukususela ngomhla we-1 eyoMqungu 2025, ichaza ukuba iya kuba "lithuba lokuthatha amanyathelo abambekayo ukujongana nelifa lobukhoboka kunye nobukoloniyali, ukuhambisa inkululeko yokubuyisela abantu baseAfrika emhlabeni jikelele kunye nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu jikelele." <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2024|title=The Second International Decade for People of African Descent renews the call for recognition, justice, and development|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2024/12/second-international-decade-people-african-descent-renews-call-recognition-justice#:~:text=This%20Second%20International%20Decade%20is,people%20of%20African%20descent%20worldwide.|accessdate=30 January 2025|website=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> 6k03p2q21i6aq7mbsxxe6479qdpzjc9 0 8739 40869 40752 2026-06-13T01:11:18Z InternetArchiveBot 10408 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ngokweenkcukacha:DH-IGNITE 2023 SADiLaR.jpg|thumb|SADILaR]] '''Iphulo I SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP)''' laphehlelelwa ngomhla wama 20 kweyoMsintsi ngonyaka ka 2023. Lomcimbi wophelelelo wawusingathwe liziko lemfundo ephakamileyo I [[University of South Africa (UNISA]]). Injongo yeliphulo kukuphakamisa nokuphucula [[Iilwimi zeSintu|iiLwimi zeSintu]] libambisene neBhodi yeeLwimi yoMzantsi Africa (PanSALB)<ref>{{Cite web|title=PanSALB – Pan South African Language Board|url=https://www.pansalb.org/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.pansalb.org|archive-date=2025-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508130139/https://www.pansalb.org/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>, I Wikipedia<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia|url=https://www.wikipedia.org/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.wikipedia.org|language=en}}</ref> kunye ne [[SADiLaR]]. Lomsitho wawuzinyaswe zizithwala ndwe, amaQumrhu eeLwimi nabahlali bemele iilwimi zeSintu<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simayile|first=Thulani|date=2073-06-25|title=Iilwimi zesintu zisemngciphekweni eMzantsi Afrika|url=https://isolezwelesixhosa.co.za/izimvo/2026-03-11-iilwimi-zesintu-zisemngciphekweni-emzantsi-afrika/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Isolezwe lesiXhosa|language=en}}</ref>. Omnye wezithwalwa-ndwe owayewonge lomsitho ngokubukho bakhe ngu Njingalwazi Stanley Nadonsela nongu sihlalo wesebe leeLwimi zase Afrika kwisebe lezemfundo ephakamileyo I (UNISA)<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of South Africa|url=https://www.unisa.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.unisa.ac.za}}</ref>. Kwinetho yakhe u Njingalwazi Madonsela ugxininise kakhulu kwintsebenziswano, encoma kakhulu amaQumrhu athe adibana ngalombono ukuwuphuhlisa nokuwunika ubomi. Wongeze wathi eliphulo lizakuxhobisa abasebenzi besebe leeLwimi ngolwazi kwaye libakhuthaze ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiphulo le SWiP<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-0909-1010|title=SWiP Wikipedia Workshop: Advancing South African Languages {{!}} University Of Pretoria|url=https://www.up.ac.za/afridsai/news/swip-wikipedia-workshop-advancing-south-african-languages|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.up.ac.za|language=en}}</ref> lokuqinisekisa ukuba iiLwimi zeSintu ziyafumaneka kumaqonga afana ne Wikipedia etshotshentla ukuphuhlisa iilwimi zeSintu kwi intanethi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Towards a unified approach to language preservation and accessibility|url=https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Colleges/Human-Sciences/News-&-events/Articles/Towards-a-unified-approach-to-language-preservation-and-accessibility#:~:text=The%20SWiP%20project,%20officially%20launched,to%20language%20preservation%20and%20accessibility|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=www.unisa.ac.za}}</ref>. === '''Iphulo le [[SWiP|SW]]'''[[SWiP|'''iP''']] libhala imbhali entsha ng'''ee[[Lwimi]] zesiNtu kwi-[[Intanethi]]''' === Eliphulo lisekelwe ukusombulula ingxuba-kaxaka ihlabathi elijamelene nayo yokufa kweelimi zase Afrika<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mabela|first=Matefu L.|last2=Ditsele|first2=Thabo|date=2024-02-29|title=Exploring intellectualisation of South African indigenous languages for academic purposes|url=https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1980|journal=Literator|language=en|volume=45|issue=1|pages=10|doi=10.4102/lit.v45i1.1980|issn=2219-8237}}</ref>, lengxuba ka xaka idalwe kukuba abantu balujongele phantsi olwimi lwabo lwenkobe, baxabise kakhulu ulwimi lwemboleko, isiNgesi. iKumkani yamaNdebele<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imbali yama Ndebele|url=https://southafrica.co.za/xh/imbali-yama-ndebele.html|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> iNgwenyama Makhosonke II uthi uLwimi lungakheka kuphela xa kunokubakho Izithwalandwe, IIngcungela, iinjingalwazi nababhali ababhala imibongo , iingoma neminye imisebenzi yabo beyibhala ngolwimi lwasekhaya. Ikumkani ibhekise lamazwi kumsitho wokuphehlelelwa koLwimi isiNdebele kwiqonga I Wikipedia. Lo msitho wawubanjelwe kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo I University of South Africa (UNISA)<ref>{{Cite web|title=SWiP project to champion SA’s indigenous languages online – SADiLaR|url=https://sadilar.org/en/swip-project-to-champion-sas-indigenous-languages-online/|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=sadilar.org}}</ref>. Iphulo le SWiP linabele nakwamanye amaphondo kodwa lijole kakhulu kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Ngomhla wama 20 kweyeSilimela  kunyaka ka 2024, iphulo le SWiP belindwendwele I Central University of Technology eFreystata<ref>{{Cite web|title=CUT {{!}} CUT, South Africa - Thinking Beyond|url=https://www.cut.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.cut.ac.za}}</ref>. Injongo ibikukuqeqesha  abaququzeleli nabathandi beeLwimi kunye nabafundi ukuba bangenele eliphulo ukugcina iilwimi zabo kwiqonga I Wikipedia. Koluqeqesho, bekukho neBhodi yeeLwimi yoMzantsi Africa (PanSALB) nebimelwe ngu Nkosikazi Nikiwe Mathebula, uphawule wathi igalelo lale Bhodi kwiphulo lika SWiP kukuba baqinisekise ukuba uLwimi lubhalwa ngendlela echanekileyo njengoko iBhodi iqinisekisa ukuba ikhupha imiqaqo yokubhala qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu<ref>{{Cite web|title=CUT {{!}} CUT hosts SWiP workshop aimed at preserving South African languages in the digital space|url=https://www.cut.ac.za/news/cut-hosts-swip-workshop-aimed-preserving-south-african-languages-digital-space|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=www.cut.ac.za}}</ref>. [[Ngokweenkcukacha:SWiP Workshop at Vaal University of Technology.jpg|thumb|SWiP Workshop]] Eliphulo I [[SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP)]] liqokelela abantu abatsha kuba ngabo abasele necekwa lokuvuselela iiLwimi zeSintu ngoba, ngabo iinkokheli zangomgso. Ubunkokheli benene buqala ekwazini ulwimi lwakho kuba ayikho inkokheli yenene eza ebantwini bayo ifike ithethe ulwimi lwemboleko. Uphando luthi ukuba ukuze uluntu lube nemvakalelo yintetho yakho lubenokuyiqonda kwangoko, kukuba uthethe ngolwimi lwakhe umntu. Oluphando lungqinelana nentetho yongasekhoyo uTata Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela<ref>{{Cite web|title=Learners' biography – Nelson Mandela Foundation|url=https://www.nelsonmandela.org/learners-biography|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=www.nelsonmandela.org|language=en-ZA}}</ref> nowaye ngu Mongameli wokuqala omnyama xa ethi “Into oyithethe ngolwimi lwembholeko emtwini iya engqondweni yakhe, kodwa xa uyithethe ngolwimi lwasekhaya iya entliziyweni”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nelson Mandela Quotes|url=https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/nelson_mandela_121685|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=BrainyQuote|language=en}}</ref>. Kanye kulenyanga ebizwa ngokuba yinyanga yamaAfrika, sibhiyozela imisebenzi emihle eyenziwa liphulo I SWiP, imisebenzi ebeka iiLwimi zeSintu kwinqwanqwa eliphezulu. Enye into ethanda ukulibaleka kwezinzame zolondolozo lolwimi ngabantu basekuhaleni, kodwa I SWiP ibasondezile kweliphulo ukuze baphefumlele lomsebenzi ngamva abo nolwazi lwemveli. Kuba kaloku kakade ngabo abazazingcono iiLwimi zasekhaya ukudlula abo bazifunda esikolweni. Siliqhwabela izandla eliphulo ngokuba liquke nabanini beeLwimi kwiphulo labo<ref>{{Cite web|title=SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP) – SADiLaR|url=https://sadilar.org/en/swip/|accessdate=2025-05-21|website=sadilar.org}}</ref>. Zilishumi iDyunivesithi<ref>{{Cite web|last=V4CWebAdmin|title=Home|url=https://usaf.ac.za/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Universities South Africa|language=en-ZA}}</ref> ezonyuliweyo ukuba zibelikhaya lephulo I SWiP kuquka kuzo I [[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]], nayo izeke mzekweni yaqalisa eliphulo kumaziko alo. Eliphulo lisingethwe ngokusesikweni kwi khampasi yase Bellville<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bellville|url=https://www.capetown.travel/neighbourhood/bellville/|accessdate=2026-06-12|website=Cape Town Tourism|language=en-US}}</ref> kweliziko-mfundo, ngomhla wama 20 kweyoMsintsi kunyaka ka 2024. Obekhokhele lomsitho nguye uGqirha Kabelo Sebolai noyintloko yecandelo loLwimi, nowonyulwe ukuba akhokele eliphulo kwiDyunivesithi I CPUT kwelentlanzi.  Uthethe wathi, eliphulo lokugcina iiLwimi ku Wikipedia lizakubancedisa belicandelo leeLwimi ekwakheni amaqhinga azakukhuthaza ukuba kwakhiwe imigaqo ezakuquka iiLwimi zonke<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyce|first=Aphiwe|date=12 April 2024|title=CPUT contributes towards preservation of SA indigenous languages|url=https://www.cput.ac.za/newsroom/news/article/4947/cput-contributes-towards-preservation-of-sa-indigenous-languages|url-status=live|accessdate=21 May 2025|website=Cape Peninsula University of Technology}}</ref>. Categories: [[IilLwimi]] [[SWiP]] [[SADiLaR]] [[Ulondolozo]] Amaphepha Asetyenzisiweyo howty7z6q48x8xzn6h0pv4z3n3bmxwr 0 9016 40837 40671 2026-06-12T14:31:06Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/BathandeBONKE|BathandeBONKE]] ([[User talk:BathandeBONKE|talk]]): Rv test edits (TwinkleGlobal) 40837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''IQonce''', eyayisakuba i'''yi [[King William's Town]]''',<ref name="businessinsider-23Feb01">{{Cite news|date=23 February 2021|title=Two SA airports – and Port Elizabeth – just got official new names|work=businessinsider.co.za|url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/name-changes-for-pe-and-east-london-airports-plus-port-elizabeth-and-uitenhage-2021-2|access-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117172442/https://www.businessinsider.co.za/name-changes-for-pe-and-east-london-airports-plus-port-elizabeth-and-uitenhage-2021-2|archive-date=2021-11-17}}</ref> yidolophu ekwiphondo [[IPhondo laseMpuma-Koloni|laseMpuma Koloni]] [[UMzantsi Afrika|eMzantsi Afrika]] kufuthane koMlambo iBuffalo. Le dolophu imalunga nama {{Convert|60|km}} kumntla-ntshona wezibuko loLwandlekazi iIndiya [[EMonti|eMpuma London]]. Inabemi abamalunga nama-35,000 kwaye iyinxalenye yoMasipala oMbaxa weSixeko saseBuffalo. Le dolophu ikwindawo ezingama 389 m (1,276 ft) ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle umlinganiselo phantsi kweeNtaba zaseAmathole kwindawo edume ngezolimo. Le dolophu inenye yeeofisi zeposi ezindala kweli lizwe evaliswa ngabavangeli abakhokelwa nguCharles Brownlee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=King William's Town – Steeped in History|url=https://www.privateproperty.co.za/advice/property/articles/king-williams-town-steeped-in-history/1878|accessdate=24 August 2021|website=www.privateproperty.co.za}}</ref> == Imbali == Kangangamawaka eminyaka, le ndawo yayizula-zula ngamaQembu, yaze emva koko yasetyenziswa njengedlelo ngamaKhoikhoi awayehlala eBuffalo River ''Qonce''. [[AmaXhosa]] ayehlala kufutshane namaKhoikhoi ekugqibeleni athabatha umhlaba emva kokuba uKumkanikazi uHoho oyisiwe emfazweni noKumkani uNgqika kaMlawu. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Wells|first=Julia C.|title=The Return of MaKhanda: Exploring the legend|publisher=University of KwaZulu-Natal Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-86914-238-4|location=Scottsville, South Africa|pages=76}}</ref> Idolophu kaKing William yasekwa nguSir Benjamin d'Urban ngekaCanzibe 1835 ngexesha [[Ingxoxo ngemfazwe yamaXhosa|leMfazwe yamaXhosa]] yaloo nyaka. Le dolophu yakhiwe kwindawo yenkosi encinci uDyani Tyatyu kwaye yathiywa ngegama likaWilliam IV. Yashiywa ngeyoMnga ngonyaka ka-1836, kodwa yaphinda yahlalwa ngo-1846 kwaye yayilikomkhulu leBritish Kaffraria ukususela ekudalweni kwayo ngo-1847 ukuya kuhlanganiswa kwayo ngo-1865 neCape Colony. KwiCape Colony yayo, urhulumente wayo wasekhaya wawubizwa ngokuba yiborough, endaweni yokuba ngumasipala. Uninzi lwamakoloniyali kwizithili ezikufutshane luyinzala yamalungu eBritish German Legion awachithwa emva kweMfazwe yaseCrimea kwaye anikwa amakhaya kwiCape Colony; yiyo loo nto amagama anje ngeBerlin, Braunschweig, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Potsdam kunye neStutterheim anikwa iindawo zokuhlala kweli candelo lelizwe. == Imithombo == {{reflist}} 7l2te0fw2uc74imcyrvmkk9u9r0i9nk 0 9057 40859 40758 2026-06-12T14:43:28Z A09 12731 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/KhanyaMaseti|KhanyaMaseti]] ([[User talk:KhanyaMaseti|talk]]): Rv unconstructive insertion of wikicode (TwinkleGlobal) 40859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UYanga Ntshakaza''' (owazalwa nge-17 EyeDwarha ngo-1987), owaziwa njengoYanga '''Chief''' (okanye ngokuba '''nguYanga''' ) ngumculi we-rap waseMzantsi Afrika, umvelisi weerekhodi kunye nomculi-mbhali weengoma. Wazalelwa [[Mthatha|eMthatha]] wakhulela [[eKomani]], uYanga wafunda izifundo zeefilimu kwidyunivesithi yaseGoli . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Zilibokwe|first=Nkululeko|date=2016-05-20|title=WATCH: Yanga paving his own trail – Fourways Review|url=https://fourwaysreview.co.za/233335/watch-yanga-paving-his-own-trail/?pwa-amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210204859/https://fourwaysreview.co.za/233335/watch-yanga-paving-his-own-trail/?pwa-amp|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=Fourways Review}}</ref> == Umsebenzi == Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, uYanga wayengumthwebuli wevidiyo kwiButtabing Entertainment. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|date=2021-02-10|title=Yanga Chief's debut is pop excellence : New Frame|url=https://www.newframe.com/yanga-chiefs-debut-is-pop-excellence/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205830/https://www.newframe.com/yanga-chiefs-debut-is-pop-excellence/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=New Frame}}</ref> Ngonyaka-2016, wabonakala kwingoma ka-AKA ethi " Dreamwork " eyayiphumelele nge-5× diamond, <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 October 2019|title=AKA gets singles certified diamond and platinum|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/aka-gets-singles-certified-diamond-and-platinum-35685525|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225042542/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/aka-gets-singles-certified-diamond-and-platinum-35685525|archive-date=25 February 2023|accessdate=28 July 2023|website=IOL}}</ref> kwaye wabhala kunye ingoma kaKwesta equka uThabsie " Ngiyaz'fela Ngawe " eyakhutshwa ngeyoMdumba 26, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Melisizwe|first=Annika|date=February 13, 2020|title=AKA Gives Yanga Chief Due Respect for Writing Dope Hooks For Himself, Others|url=https://www.ubetoo.com/news/aka-gives-yanga-chief-due-respect-for-writing-dope-hooks-for-himself-others/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211222231/https://www.ubetoo.com/news/aka-gives-yanga-chief-due-respect-for-writing-dope-hooks-for-himself-others/|archive-date=11 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-12|website=Ubetoo}}</ref> UYanga wabhala waza wanika amazwi engoma ka-AKA ethi " Jika " eyakhutshwa ngo-2018. NgeyeDwarha 2018, ingoma yakhe ethi " Utatakho " yakhutshwa. Le ngoma yayiyeyona ephezulu kwitshathi zeMetro FM Top 40 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-08|title=Yanga Chief secures his first number one spot on Metro FM's Top 40 countdown {{!}} Political Analysis South Africa|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/yanga-chief-secures-his-first-number-one-spot-on-metro-fms-top-40-countdown/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210235028/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/yanga-chief-secures-his-first-number-one-spot-on-metro-fms-top-40-countdown/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=Political Analysis South Africa}}</ref> kwaye yanikwa isiqinisekiso segolide eMzantsi Afrika ithengisa ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ezili-10 000. <ref>{{Cite web|date=9 September 2020|title=Yanga Chief's "uTatakho" goes Gold – Groove Africa|url=https://groove-africa.com/yanga-chiefs-utatakho-goes-gold/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210201455/https://groove-africa.com/yanga-chiefs-utatakho-goes-gold/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=Groove Africa}}</ref> Ngonyaka-2019 "Utatakho" waphumelela iNgoma yoNyaka kwiMbasa zeHip Hop zaseMzantsi Afrika . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|title=Interview: Yanga Chief, South Africa's Most Reluctant Pop Star, Is Starting a New Chapter – OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/interview-yanga-chief-south-africas-most-reluctant-pop-star-is-starting-a-new-chapter/279814|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210190636/https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/yanga-chief-south-africa-pop-star-new-chapter-2648126551|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> UYanga wenze u-" Utatakho Remix " le ngoma iquka abaculi berap baseMzantsi Afrika abangasekhoyo uRiky Rick, u[https://wikitia.com/wiki/Dee_Koala Dee Koala] kunye noBoity . UYanga ubekwe kwindawo yesithathu kwiMTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|title=These Are The 10 Hottest South African MCs of 2019 According to MTV Base – OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/these-are-the-10-hottest-south-african-mcs-of-2019-according-to-mtv-base/184152|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210212723/https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/mtv-base-hottest-mcs-list-2019-2641581593|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Ngenyanga yeDwarha ka-2019, i-extended play yakhe (EP) ''ethi "Becoming a Pop Star"'' yakhutshwa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=Yanga Chief releases his EP, Becoming A Pop Star (BAPS) – JustNje|url=https://justnje.com/yanga-chief-releases-his-ep-becoming-a-pop-star-baps/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213043732/https://justnje.com/yanga-chief-releases-his-ep-becoming-a-pop-star-baps/|archive-date=13 February 2022|accessdate=2021-02-13|website=justnje.com}}</ref> ''"Becoming a Pop Star"'' iphumelele iMbasa yoMculo waseMzantsi Afrika yeBest Hip Hop Album ngo- 2021 . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kekana|first=Chrizelda|date=2020-08-06|title=SA hip-hop celebrates Yanga Chief's Sama win, as he dedicates it to his dad|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-08-06-sa-hip-hop-celebrates-yanga-chiefs-sama-win-as-he-dedicates-it-to-his-dad/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210202100/https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-08-06-sa-hip-hop-celebrates-yanga-chiefs-sama-win-as-he-dedicates-it-to-his-dad/|archive-date=10 December 2021|accessdate=2021-12-10|publisher=TimesLIVE}}</ref> [[Uluhlu:Articles with hCards]] 7zsa34icaaowfrv03034rjjfztkt4sk 0 9066 40868 40667 2026-06-13T01:03:11Z InternetArchiveBot 10408 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibhola yomnyazi kwiMidlalo yeCommonwealth Games zonyaka ka 2006'''yayiyitumente yesithathu ye kwiMidlalo yeCommonwealth . Amaqela alishumi elinesibini, kuquka ilizwe iAustralia eyayibambe imidlalo, abonakala kuthotho lwemidlalo edlalwe ngenyanga yoKwindla ka 2006 eMelbourne . Imidlalo yeqonga kunye nemidlalo yokuhlelwa kwemidlalo yabanjwa kwiState Netball Hockey Centre ngelixa imidlalo ye-semi-finals, i-bronze kunye ne-gold medals yabanjwa kwiMelbourne Multi Purpose Venue . <ref name="ifna091205">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2005|title=Commonwealth Games Melbourne, 2006|url=http://www.netball.org/events.aspx?id=22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015085303/http://www.netball.org/events.aspx?id=22|archive-date=15 October 2012|accessdate=15 October 2012|publisher=www.netball.org}}</ref> <ref name="m2006">{{Cite web|date=|title=Netball|url=http://melbourne2006.com.au/Sports+and+Venues/Netball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820144426/http://melbourne2006.com.au/Sports+and+Venues/Netball|archive-date=20 August 2006|accessdate=4 September 2025|publisher=melbourne2006.com.au}}</ref> <ref name="170306mel2006">{{Cite web|date=17 March 2006|title=Netball Schedule and Results|url=http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%2Band%2BResults/By%2BSport/Netball/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819232314/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%2Band%2BResults/By%2BSport/Netball/|archive-date=19 August 2006|accessdate=28 August 2025|publisher=www.melbourne2006.com.au}}</ref> <ref name="2006todor66">{{Cite web|title=Women Netball Commonwealth Games Melbourne (AUS) 2006|url=http://www.todor66.com/others/Netball/Commonwealth/Women_2006.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126211518/http://www.todor66.com/others/Netball/Commonwealth/Women_2006.html|archive-date=26 November 2024|accessdate=8 July 2021|publisher=www.todor66.com}}</ref> <ref name="bbc260306">{{Cite web|date=26 March 2006|title=(2006) Commonwealth Games – Results – Netball|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/results/4783002.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722072410/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/results/4783002.stm|archive-date=22 July 2021|accessdate=20 July 2021|publisher=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Iqela elalikhokelwa ngu- Adine Wilson kwaye liqeqeshwa nguRuth Aitken, iNew Zealand iphumelele imbasa yegolide okokuqala ngokuphumelela i-Australia ngo-60-55. <ref name="cgf260306">{{Cite web|date=26 March 2006|title=Golden Ferns' final fairytale|url=http://melbourne2006.com.au/Sports+and+Venues/Netball/News/20060326+Netball+Medal+Moments.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820145755/http://melbourne2006.com.au/Sports+and+Venues/Netball/News/20060326+Netball+Medal+Moments.htm|archive-date=20 August 2006|accessdate=4 September 2025|publisher=melbourne2006.com.au}}</ref> <ref name="nzherald260306">{{Cite web|date=26 March 2006|title=Golden Ferns down Aussies in netball final|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/golden-ferns-down-aussies-in-netball-final/XDTSXEQK4BBFSKDNJUUODZJPAU/|accessdate=8 July 2021|publisher=www.nzherald.co.nz|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183809/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/golden-ferns-down-aussies-in-netball-final/XDTSXEQK4BBFSKDNJUUODZJPAU/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref name="silverferns141015">{{Cite web|date=14 October 2015|title=The rivalry: NZL win Comm Games gold|url=https://www.silverferns.co.nz/silver-ferns/news/latest-news/the-rivalry-nzl-win-comm-games-gold.html|accessdate=14 March 2022|publisher=www.silverferns.co.nz}}</ref> <ref name="netballnz200009">{{Cite web|title=Our Game – History (2000-2009)|url=https://www.netballnz.co.nz/our-game/history/2000-2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207080818/https://www.netballnz.co.nz/our-game/history/2000-2009|archive-date=7 December 2016|accessdate=20 July 2021|publisher=www.netballnz.co.nz}}</ref> <ref name="silverferns2014cwg">{{Cite web|title=Media Guide – 2014 New Zealand Netball Team – 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games|url=https://www.silverferns.co.nz/images/silver-ferns/documents/Comm-Games-2014-MG_Final.pdf|accessdate=14 March 2022|publisher=www.silverferns.co.nz}}</ref> I-England igqibe itumente kwindawo yesithathu emva kokoyisa iJamaica ngo-53-52 kumdlalo wembasa yebronze. <ref name="cgf260306" /> <ref name="bbc260306b">{{Cite web|date=26 March 2006|title=England clinch netball bronze|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/4846318.stm|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=2 September 2025|publisher=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> 2tqqcyewegty04tprdc8sfroon4dmoq