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Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira
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{{Infobox Country
|native_name = ''Česká republika''
|conventional_long_name = Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira<br />Czech Republic
|common_name = Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira
|image_flag = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg
| image_map = EU-Czechia.svg
| map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=light green |legend=EU-Czechia.svg}}
|national_motto = {{lang|cs|''"Pravda vítězí"''}}{{Spaces|1}}<small>([[Czech language|Czech]])<br />"Truth prevails"</small>
|national_anthem = {{lang|cs|''[[Kde domov můj?]]''}}{{Spaces|1}}<small>([[Czech language|Czech]])<br />"Where is my home?"</small>
|official_languages = [[Czech language|Czech]]<br /><small>Recognized [[Minority language|minority languages]]:</small> [[Slovak language|Slovak]]<ref>Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws - e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz</ref>, [[Polish language|Polish]], [[German language|German]], [[Romani language|Romani]]<ref name="languages">Citizens belonging to minorities, who traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law ([[Polish language|Polish]], [[German language|German]], [[Romani language|Romani]]). The article 25 of the Czech [[Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms]] ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (''The Administrative Rule'') in its paragraph 16 (4) (''Procedural Language'') ensures, that a citizen of the Czech republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (''About The Rights of Members of Minorities'') paragraph 9 (''The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law'') the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.</ref>
|demonym = Czech
|capital = [[Prague]] (''Praha'')
|latd=50 |latm=05 |latNS=N |longd=14 |longm=28 |longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|government_type = [[Parliamentary republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[President of the Czech Republic|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[:cs:Miloš Zeman|Miloš Zeman]]
|leader_title2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[:cs:Petr Fiala|Petr Fiala]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History of the Czech Lands|Formation]]
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 = [[History of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages|Principality of Bohemia]]
|established_date1 = c. 870
|established_event2 = [[Czechoslovakia]]
|established_date2 = 28 October 1918
|established_event3 = [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|Czech Republic]]
|established_date3 = 1 January 1993
|accessionEUdate = 1 May 2004
|EUseats = 24
|area_rank = 116th
|area_magnitude = 1_E10
| area_km2 = 78,871
| area_rank = 115th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_sq_mi = 30,452 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| percent_water = 2.12 (as of 2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-vyhledavani&vyhltext=plochy&bkvt=cGxvY2h5&katalog=all&pvo=ZPR15|title=Public database: Land use (as at 31 December)|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>
| population_estimate = 10,701,777<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2021|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=30 April 2021}}</ref>
| population_census = 10,436,560<ref name="census2011"/>
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 86th
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 136
| population_density_sq_mi = 341 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 62th
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $432.346 billion<ref name="IMFWEOCZ">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=36&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=935&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2020
| GDP_PPP_rank = 36th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $40,585<ref name="IMFWEOCZ"/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 34th
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $261.732 billion<ref name="IMFWEOCZ"/>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2020
| GDP_nominal_rank = 36th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $24,569<ref name="IMFWEOCZ"/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 37th
| Gini = 24.0 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year = 2019
| Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=3 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Gini_rank = 5th
| HDI =0.900 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/latest-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 December 2019|access-date=10 December 2019|format=PDF}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 27th
|currency = [[Czech koruna]]
|currency_code = CZK
|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|drives_on = right
|cctld = [[.cz]]³
|calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the Czech Republic|+420]]<sup>4</sup>
|footnote1 = 15 March 2010 (See [http://czso.cz/eng/csu.nsf/informace/aoby031510.doc Population changes]).
|footnote2 = Rank based on 2005 IMF data.
|footnote3 = Also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states.
|footnote4 = Shared code 42 with [[Slovakia]] until 1997.
}}
[[Fáìlì:Burgkarlstein01.jpg|thumb|[[Karlštejn|Karlštejn Castle]] in the [[Central Bohemian Region]], founded in 1348 by Charles IV.]]
[[Fáìlì:Tabor CZ aerial old town from north B1.jpg|thumb|[[Tábor]], a town in the [[South Bohemian Region]], founded in 1420 by the [[Hussite]]s.]]
[[Fáìlì:Karl IV. (HRR).jpg|thumb|[[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], 1316 – 78, eleventh king of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. Charles IV was elected the ''[[Největší Čech]]'' (Greatest Czech) of all time.<ref>[http://www.radio.cz/en/article/67495 Emperor Charles IV elected Greatest Czech of all time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030003859/http://www.radio.cz/en/article/67495 |date=2009-10-30 }}, Radio Prague</ref>]]
'''Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira''' ('''Tsẹ́kíà'''; {{pron-en|ˈtʃɛk|en-us-Czech Republic.ogg}}<ref>[http://www.oed.com/ Oxford English Dictionary], second edition, Oxford University Press, 1989.</ref> {{respell|chek}}; {{lang-cs|Česká republika}}, {{IPA-cs|ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka|pron|Ceska Republika.ogg}}, short form ''Česko'' {{IPA-cs|ˈtʃɛskɔ|}}) je orile-ede ni [[Central Europe|Arin Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/gegn23wp48.pdf |title=UN.org |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-04-25 |archive-date=2009-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222214104/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/gegn23wp48.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> O ni bode mo [[Poland]] ni ariwailaorun, [[Germany|Jemani]] ni iwoorun ati ariwaiwoorun, [[Austria]] ni guusu ati [[Slovakia]] ni ilaorun. Orile-ede Tseki Olominira ti je omo egbe [[NATO]] lati 1999 ati [[European Union|Isokan Europe]] lati 2004. Bakanna o tun je omo egbe [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe|Agbajo fun Abo ati Ifowosowopo ni Europe]] (OSCE).
{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
== Itokasi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Orile-ede Europe}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira| ]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Europe|Tseki]]
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Àkójọ àwọn olùkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà
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==A==
*(Abimbola Adelakun)
*[[Aderemi Adegbite]]
*[[Adam Abdulahi]]
*[[Yusufu Adamu]]
*[[Carol Azams]]
*[[Chris Abani]]
*[[Chinua Achebe]] (1930– )
*[[Wale Adebanwi]]
*[[Bayo Adebowale]] (1944–)
*[[Remi Adedeji]] (1937– )
*[[Abiola Adegboyega]]
*[[Dapo Adeniyi]]
*[[Mobolaji Adenubi]]
*[[Kole Ade-Odutola]]
*[[Kayode Aderinokun]]
*[[Pius Adesanmi]]
*[[Akin Adesokan]]
*[[Nwaizu Charles Chioma]](1982-)
*[[Anne Omolola Famuyiwa]]
*[[Sean Adetula]]
*[[Toyin Abiodun]]
*[[Toyin Adewale-Gabriel]]
*[[Dapo Adeleke]]
*[[Sola Adeyemi]] (1965– )
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] (1977– )
*[[Emeka Agbayi]]
*[[Rita Aghadiuno]]
*[[Tolu Ajayi]] (1946– )
*[[Segun Akinlolu]]
*[[Segun Akinyode]]
*[[Akilu Aliyu]]
*[[Odinaka Anudu]]
*[[Isiaka Aliagan]]
*[[Olufunmi Aluko]]
*[[T.M. Aluko]] (1918– )
*[[Elechi Amadi]] (1934– )
*[[Ifi Amadiume]]
*[[Peter Anny-Nzekwue]]
*[[Ike Anya]]
*[[G. O. Apata]]
*[[Sefi Atta]] (1964– )
*[[Babatunde Awoyele]]
*[[Anne Axis]]
*[[Unoma Nguemo Azuah]]
*[[Nnorom Azuonye]]
*[[Tunde Akinloye]]
*[[Ayotokunbo Ajewole]]
*((Rosemary Shimite Erazua-Oniha))
==B-E==
*[[Babafemi Badejo]]
*[[Francoise Balogun]]
*[[Biyi Bandele]]
*[[A. Igoni Barrett]] (1979– )
*[[Charles Bodunde]]
*[[Qasim Bolaji-Ashogbon]]
*[[Tubal Rabbi Cain]] (1964–)
*[[Chin Ce]] (1966– )
*[[John Pepper Clark]] (1935– )
*[[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] (1809–1891)
*[[Olumbe Bassir]]
*[[Folasayo Dele-Ogunrinde]]
*[[Umaru Dembo]]
*[[David Diai]]
*[[Jude Dibia]] (1975– )
*[[Ebereonwu]]
*[[Philip Effiong]]
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Effiong, Jr. |url=http://www.philip-effiong.com/ |access-date=2009-10-23 |archive-date=2019-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210185117/http://www.philip-effiong.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
*[[Etebom Ekpo]]
*[[Michael Echeruo]] (1937– )
*[[Amatoritsero Ede|Amatoritsero (Godwin) Ede]]
*[[Eyitemi Egwuenu]]
*[[Victor Ehikhamenor]]
*[[Cyprian Ekwensi]] (1921– )
*[[Buchi Emecheta]] (1944– )
*[[E. Nolue Emenanjo]]
*[[Perpetual Emenekwum-Eziefule]]
*[[Olaudah Equiano]] (c. 1745–97)
*[[Rosemary Esehagu]] (1981– )
*[[Femi Euba]]
*[[Awal Idris Evuti]]
*[[Chielozona Eze]]
*[[Vera Ezimora]]
*Abitogun Oladipo Ojo
*[[Itunu-Abitogun Oyinlade Oladipo]]
*[[Akinbami Oluseyi Macaulay]]
*[[Aderinola Richardson]] (nee Aderemi)
==F-K==
*[[Daniel Olorunfemi Fagunwa]]
*[[Adebayo Faleti]]
*[[Toyin Falola]]
*[[Healson Adedayo Farore, Sr.]]
*[[Dan Fulani]]
*[[Bilkisu Funtuwa]]
*[[Haliru Audu]]
*[[Harry Oludare Garuba]] (1958– )
*[[Jumoke Giwa]]
*[[Helon Habila]]
*[[Obo Aba Hisanjani]]
*[[Ogaga Ifowodo]]
*[[Anita Omoiataman Ihaza]]
*[[Rita Ihekwaba]]
*[[Senator Ihenyen]]
*[[Ikhide R. Ikheloa]] (Nnamdi)
*[[Esiaba Irobi]]
*[[Akinwunmi Isola]]
*[[Uzodinma Iweala]]
*[[Obi Iwuayanwu|Obi "Obiwu" Iwuayanwu]]
*[[Festus Iyayi]]
*[[Abubakar Imam]]
*[[Oritsegbemi Emmanuel Jakpa]]
*[[Femi Jeboda]]
*[[Prince Joshua Olawuyi]]
*[[Biodun Jeyifo]] (1946– )
*[[Mike Jimoh]]
*[[Samuel Johnson (Nigeria)|Samuel Johnson]]
*[[Kokalu O. Kalu]]
*[[Uduma Kalu]]
*[[Hamzat Kassim]]
*[[Sulaiman Ibrahim Katsina]]
*[[Olubukola Kwegan]]
==L-N==
*[[Abimbola Lagunju]]
*[[Obakanse S. Lakanse]]
*[[Akeem Lasisi]]
*[[Amina Mama]]
*[[Oliver Mbamara]]
*[[Ayodele Morocco-Clarke]] (1973–)
*[[John Munonye]]
*[[Akanji Nasiru]]
*[[Uche Nduka]]
*[[Austyn Njoku]]
*[[Obi Nwakanma]]
*[[Martina Awele Nwakoby]] (1937– )
*[[Nkem Nwankwo]] (1936–2001)
*[[Flora Nwapa]] (1931–1993)
*[[Njideka Nwapa-Ibuaka]]
*[[Chuma Nwokolo]]
*[[Angela Nwosu]]
*[[Maik Nwosu]]
*[[Nkechi Nwosu-Igbo]]
*[[Azuka Nzegwu]]
*[[Onuora Nzekwu]]
*[[Godwin Ubong Akpan]]
==O - P ==
*[[Obo Aba Hisanjani]]
*[[Olu Obafemi]]
*[[Iheoma Obibi]]
*[[Obinna Charles Okwelume]]
*[[Hyacinth Obunseh]]
*[[Sunny E. Ododo]]
*[[Taiwo Odubiyi]]
*[[Odia Ofeimun]]
*[[Chike Ofili]]
*[[Sarah O'Gorman]]
*[[Olu Oguibe]]
*[[Ike Oguine]]
*[[Molara Ogundipe]]
*[[Samuel Olagunju Ogundipe]]
*[[Tolulope Ogunlesi]]
*[[Denrele Ogunwa]]
*[[Omolola Ijeoma Ogunyemi]]
*[[Yemi D. Ogunyemi]]
*[[Ijeoma Ogwuegbu]]
*[[Francis Ohanyido]]<ref>[http://www.africanwriter.com/authors/102/Francis-Ohanyido {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030153347/http://www.africanwriter.com/authors/102/Francis-Ohanyido |date=2009-10-30 }}</ref> (1970– )
*[[Tanure Ojaide]]
*[[Steve Nezianya]]
*[[Bamiji Ojo]]
*[[Akinloye Ojo]]
*[[Olatubosun Oladapo]]
*[[Gabriel Okara]] (1921– )
*[[Oladejo Okedeji]]
*[[Wale Okediran]]
*[[Chika Okeke]]
*[[Remi Okere]]
*[[Niran Okewole]]
*[[Christopher Okigbo]] (1932–1967)
*[[Onookome Okome]]
*[[Ike Okonta]]
*[[Nnedi Okorafor]]
*[[Dike Okoro]]
*[[Rudolf Ogoo Okonkwo]]
*[[Wole Oguntokun]]
*[[Osita Okoroafor]]
*[[Ben Okri]] (1959– )
*[[Afolabi Olabimtan]]
*[[Simbo Olorunfemi]]
*[[Taiwo Oloruntoba-Oju]]
*[[Esho Oluborode]]
*[[Alade E. Oluwadamilola]]
*[[Kole Omotosho]] (1943– )
*[[Nduka Onwuegbute]] (1969– )
*[[Osonye Tess Onwueme]] (1955– )
*[[Dillibe Onyeama]]
*[[Frank Onyebu]]
*[[Nwando Onyeabo]]
*[[Alexander Orok]]
*[[Nnaemeka Oruh]]
*[[Dennis Osadebay]]
*[[Femi Osofisan]]
*[[Chinye Phiona Osai]]
*[[Sanya Osha]]
*[[Sola Osofisan]]
*[[E.C. Osondu]]
*[[Niyi Osundare]] (1947– )
*[[Tony Nduka Otiono]]
*[[Helen Ovbiagele]] (1944– )
*[[Jamin Owhovoriole]]
*[[Stella Dia Oyedepo]]
*[[Bunmi Oyinsan]]
*[[Dupe Olorunjo]]
*[[Naan Pocen]]
*[[Seni Ogunkola]]
*[[Tolulope Popoola]]
==R-T==
*[[Remi Raji]]
*[[Aderemi Raji-Oyelade]]
*[[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] (1941–95)
*[[Lola Shoneyin]]
*[[Mudi Sipikin]]
*[[Ladipo Soetan]]
*[[Zulu Sofola]] (1935–95)
*[[Bode Sowande]] (1948–)
*[[J. Sobowole Sowande]]
*[[Ugochukwu Ejinkeonye]]
*[[Wole Soyinka]] (1934– ), awarded the 1986 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]
*[[Emmanuel Sule]]
*[[Mohammed Sule]]
*[[Muritala Sule]]
*[[Kola Tubosun]]
*[[Adebisi Thompson]]
*[[Amos Tutuola]] (1920-97)
*[[Morenike Taire]]
*[[Odijie Ehis Michael]]
==U-Z==
*[[Uche Nworah]]
*[[Ebele Uche-Nwakile]]
*[[Françoise Ugochukwu]]
*[[Clarius Ugwuoha]]
*[[Odili Ujubuonu]]
*[[Gracy Ukala]] (formerly Osifo)
*[[Adaora Lily Ulasi]] (1932– )
*[[Sumaila Isah Umaisha]]
*[[Karo Umukoro]]
*[[Chika Unigwe]]
*[[Emman Usman Shehu]]
*[[Ronnie Uzoigwe]]
*[[Jumoke Verissimo]]
*[[Ugonna Wachuku]] (1971– )
*[[Segun Williams]]
*[[Ken Wiwa]] (1968– )
*[[Molara Wood]]
*[[Oladipo Yemitan]]
*[[Sa'adu Zungur]]
*[[Ubong Alfred]]
{{ekunrere}}
==Itokasi==
{{reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olùkọ̀wé ará Nàìjíríà|*]]
hnj6e62m79okjblrge3fkbpdpyor9cz
Omotola Jalade Ekeinde
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ọmọ́tọ́lá Jaládé-Èkéìndé
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=NGA|size=100|MFR}}
| image = Omotola Jalade Ekeinde WEF 2015.png
| caption = Omotola at the [[World Economic Forum]] in 2015
| birth_name = Omotola Jalade
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|2|7}}
| birth_place = [[Lagos State]], Nigeria
| residence = [[Eko]], [[Ipinle Eko]], Naijiria
| nationality = Naijiria
| other_names = "Omo Sexy" <br> Omotola Jolade Ekeinde <br> Omotola Jalade <br> Omotola Ekeinde
| citizenship = Naijiria (1978–titi di bayii)
|alma_mater = *[[Obafemi Awolowo University]]
*[[Yaba College of Technology]]
*[[Chrisland Schools]]
| occupation = [[actress]], [[singer]], former [[model (people)|model]]
| years_active = 1995–titi di bayii
| spouse = {{marriage|Capt. Matthew Ekeinde |1996|}}
| children = Princess Ekeinde (b. 1997)<ref name="Bellanaija">{{cite web | url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/07/who-looks-more-like-their-famous-momma-see-omotola-jalade-ekeindes-children-at-the-agn-honours-omotola-event-in-lagos/ | title=Beautiful Family! See Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde’s Children at the "AGN Honours Omotola" Event in Lagos | publisher=Bellanaija | date=7 August 2013 | accessdate=2 May 2014 | author=Aiki, Damilare}}</ref> <br> M.J Ekeinde (b. 1998)<ref name="Bellanaija"/> <br> Meraiah Ekeinde (b. 2000)<ref name="Bellanaija"/> <br> Michael Ekeinde (b. 2002)<ref name="Bellanaija"/>
| parents = Oluwatoyin Jalade (mother) <br> Oluwashola Jalade (father)
| signature = Omotola's signature.jpeg
| signature_alt = omosexy
}}
'''Ọmọ́tọ́lá Jalade Ekeinde''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|oʊ|m|ə|ˈ|t|oʊ|l|ə}} {{respell|OH|mə|TOH|lə}}; wọ́n bí '''Ọmọ́tọ́lá Jaládé ní''' Ọjọ́ keje oṣù kejì ọdún 1978). O jẹ ọmọ bíbí orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. Ó jẹ́[[Olukópa | òṣèré]], akorin, [[Afowó-ṣàánú | alàáánú]] àti àwòṣe iṣaaju. Láti ìgbà tí fiimu [[sinimá àgbéléwò]] ti jẹ akọkọ ni ọ́dún 1995, 'Ọmọ́tọ́lá ti farahàn nínú àwọn fiimu tí ó ju ọ̀ọ́dúnrún lọ, tí ó ta miliọnu àwọn adakọ fidio. Lẹyin ti o gba àìmọye àmìn ẹ̀yẹ-giga ló ti gbà lórí à ń ṣeré sinimá àgbéléwò yìí, ṣiṣilẹ iṣẹ orin kan, ati ikojọpọ ipilẹ onifẹfẹ ti o jẹ ilara, tẹtẹ ti pe e bi gidi [[Africa Magic]] Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ olólùfẹ́ ní wọ́n sìn ń tẹ́lẹ̀ lórí àwọn [[ìkànnì abánidọ́rẹ̀ẹ́]] lórí ẹ̀rọ [[ayélujára]]. Arabinrin naa ni Amuludun akọkọ lati gba ju miliọnu kan ami ifẹran lori[[Facebook | Facebook page]]. Bí ó ṣe ń ṣe sinimá àgbéléwò bẹ́ẹ̀ ló ń kọrin ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria: Omotola Hits 1 Million Facebook Likes |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201302181875.html|work= All Africa|date=16 February 2013|accessdate=4 July 2013}}</ref>Lọwọlọwọ o ni apapọ ti ami-eye awọn alatileyin to le ni miliọnu mẹta ati abo lórí ẹ̀rọ ayélujára [[Facebook]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-actress-celebrates-3m-followers-on-facebook-id5258216.html|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde: Actress celebrates 3M followers on Facebook|last=Odumade|first=Omotolani|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-date=18 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718224358/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-actress-celebrates-3m-followers-on-facebook-id5258216.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Ni ikọja awọn aṣeyọri iṣowo rẹ, o tun ṣe iyin fun awọn igbiyanju omoniyan alailẹgbẹ rẹ. Ọmọ́tọ́lá jẹ ọkan ninu awọn aṣáájú-ọnà ti [[fidio fiimu era]] ti [[sinima Naijiria]], o je ọkan ninu awọn oṣere ti a wo julọ julọ ni Afirika. Ni ọdun 2013, o gbe ọla fun ni ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''atokọ iroyin ti Ogorun eniyan ti o ni agbara julọ ni agbaye lẹgbẹẹ [[Michelle Obama]], [[Beyoncé]] ati [[ Kate Middleton]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Corliss |title=The 2013 Time 100: Omotola Jalade Ekeinde |url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/omotola-jalade-ekeinde/ |location=London |work=TIME 100 |date=18 April 2013 |accessdate=5 June 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Ni ọdun 2013, Ọmọ́tọ́lá ṣe ifihan ni ṣoki lori iwe afọwọkọ ti [[VH1]], ''[[Hit the Floor (Ere Telefisonu eleka-eka)|Hit the Floor]]''.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni55839009/ | title=Nigerian Actress Omotola Jalade Ekeinde Will Make USA TV Debut On 'Hit The Floor' Tonight|publisher=IMDb|date=24 June 2013|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref> Ni ọjọ keji Oṣù Kọkànlá 2013, o sọrọ ni itọsọna 2013 ti WISE- Summit, ti o waye ni [[Doha]], Qatar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gorgeous Omotola speaks at the WISE Summit in Doha,Qatar(PHOTOS)|url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/25209/3/gorgeous-omotola-speaks-at-the-wise-summit-in-doha.html|publisher=Modernghana|accessdate=16 December 2013|date=3 November 2013}}</ref>
Ni ọdun 2014, ijọba Naijiria ti bu ọla fun un gẹgẹbi Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti [[Bere fun Federal Republic]], MFR fun awọn ẹbun rẹ si sinima Naijiria.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/headlines/168316-jonathans-steward-taxi-driver-traffic-warden-304-other-nigerians-get-national-honours.html#sthash.2PZhK9a8.dpbs | title=Jonathan's steward, taxi driver, traffic warden, 304 other Nigerians get National Honours | publisher=premiumtimesng.com | accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/09/18/omotola-jalade-ekehinde-and-joke-silva-top-list-of-2014-national-honour-list-see-full-list/ | title=Omotola Jalade Ekehinde and Joke Silva top list of 2014 National honour list (see full list) | publisher=bestofnollywood.tv | accessdate=24 September 2014 | archive-date=21 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921200444/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/09/18/omotola-jalade-ekehinde-and-joke-silva-top-list-of-2014-national-honour-list-see-full-list/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
== ìgbésí ayé àti èkoó ==
Ọmótólá, tí ó jẹ ti ẹyà [[Ìpínlè Ondo | ọmọ Ondo]], ni a bi ní [[Ìpínlè Èkó|Ìpínlè Ekó]]. Ó dàgbà ní ìdílé àwọn máàrún: àwọn òbí rè àti àwọn arákùnrin àbúrò méjì; Táyò àti Bólájí Jaladé. Ìyá rẹ, Oluwatoyin Jalade née Amori Oguntade, ṣiṣẹ ni J.T Chanrai Nàìjíríà, ti babá rẹ, Oluwashola Jalade, ṣiṣẹ ni [[YMCA]] ati Egbé Orilẹ-ede Ekó.<ref name="Omotola Jalade Ekeinde">{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|url=https://heelsofinfluence.com/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-2/|website=Heels of Influence|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> Ipilẹṣẹ akọkọ ti Ọmọtola ni latì ṣiṣẹ ni iṣakoso iṣowo, lakọ́kò ti o n durò de àwọn abajade rẹ latí ilè-ẹkọ giga, o bẹrẹ àwòṣé lati ṣe igbesi aye.<ref name="Omotola Jalade Ekeinde"/> Ọmọtola kà iwé ni ilé-ẹkọ [[Chrisland Schools|Chrisland School, Opebi]] (1981–1987), Oxford Children School (1987), Santos Layout, atí [https://maps.me/catalog/education/amenity-school/command-secondary-school-3471566739/ Command Secondary Schoo,l Kaduna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031132332/https://maps.me/catalog/education/amenity-school/command-secondary-school-3471566739/ |date=31 October 2020 }} (1988–1993).<ref name="The360reporters">{{Cite web|title=Omotola Jalade Ekeinde Net Worth 2020_Biography, Age, Marriage, Movies And Endorsements Deals.|url=https://www.the360report.com/2020/04/20/omotola-jalade-ekeide-biography-and-net-worth/|last=The360reporters|date=2020-04-20|website=Latest News and Entertainment Updates|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> O nì igbà diẹ ni [[Obafemi Awolowo Yunifasiti]] o si pàrí ẹkọ rẹ ni [[Yaba College ti Imọ-ẹrọ]] (1996–2004), nibí ti o ti kẹkọọ [[Isakoso ohun-ini | Isakoso Ohun-ini.]]<ref name="Omotola Jalade Ekeinde"/>
== Iṣẹ-iṣe ==
=== Ṣiṣẹ Iṣẹ iṣe ===
A ṣe agbekalẹ Omotola si oṣere nipa titẹle pẹlu ọrẹ kan lọ se idanwo. Iṣe akọkọ ti o ṣiṣẹ ni fiimu 1995
[https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/05/17/omosexy-celebrates-25-years-in-entertainment-with-sexy-look/ ''Venom of Justice''], oludari ni [https://www.insidenolly.ng/reginald-ebere/ Reginald Ebere] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030233237/https://www.insidenolly.ng/reginald-ebere/ |date=30 October 2020 }}. Ti tọka Reginald bi ṣiṣilẹ iṣẹ Omotola. O fun ni ipo olori ninu fiimu naa, eyiti o ṣeto ipilẹ fun iṣẹ ti o dara ni ile-iṣẹ fiimu àgbéléwò. Omotola ni ipa nla akọkọ rẹ ninu fiimu ti o ni iyin ti o jẹri pupọ ”[[Mortal Inheritance]]” ”(1995). Ninu fiimu naa, o ṣe alaisan [[Arun Sickle cell | sickle-cell]] ti o ja fun igbesi aye rẹ laisi awọn idiwọn iwalaaye. Iwa Omotola bori arun na o si bi omo. A ka fiimu naa si ọkan ninu fiimu ti o dara julọ niti Nigeria ti ṣe tẹlẹ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde: 10 things to know about 'Omosexy'|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/17/showbiz/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-queen-nollywood/ |date=January 2014}}</ref> Lati igbanna, o ti ṣe irawọ ni ọpọlọpọ awọn fiimu sinima, pẹlu
''[https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwback-thursday-throwback-to-the-movie-games-women-play/hsx4b2z Games Women Play] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201023114/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwback-thursday-throwback-to-the-movie-games-women-play/hsx4b2z |date=1 December 2024 }}'', ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/blood-sister/oclc/558658799 Blood Sisters]'', ''All My Life'', ''Last Wedding'', ''My Story'', ''The Woman in Me''ati ogun awon omiran.
Lẹyin iṣẹ ti n ṣalaye iṣẹ ni ''Mortal Inheritance '', aworan ti Omotola gba "Oṣere ti o dara julọ ninu fiimu Gẹẹsi" ati "Oṣere ti o dara julọ ni Iwoye" ni (1997)Ami-eye Ere Fiimu. Arabinrin naa ni Odomodebirin abikẹyin ni Nàìjíríà ni akoko yẹn lati ṣaṣeyọri iṣẹ yii.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://answersafrica.com/top-10-nollywood-actresses.html | title=Top 10 Nollywood Actresses of All Times|website=Answers Africa|accessdate=29 May 2013}}</ref>
Ni owo ipari ọdun 1990 ati ni kutukutu ọdun 2000, oṣere ti o mọ julọ ti o ni irawọ ni ọpọlọpọ awọn fiimu atẹle, pẹlu ''Lost Kingdom II'', ''Kosorogun II'', ati ''Blood Sister II'', ti o yori si ẹbun alaṣeyọri nla kan ni ipo awọn aami idanimọ Ifarahan Agbaye ni ọdun (2004). Ni aarin ọdun (2000), Omotola ti tan sinu ipo atokọ "A". O fun ni oṣere ti o dara julọ ni ipa atilẹyin lakoko Ami-eye ile-eko Afirika ni (2005).<ref>{{cite web|last=Folaranmi |first=Femi |url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/may/13/showtime-13-05-2005-006.htm |title=Rhythm of a new world of movies As Nollywood stars storm Yenagoa for AMAA |work=The Daily Sun |date=13 May 2005 |accessdate=29 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909132636/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/may/13/showtime-13-05-2005-006.htm |archivedate=9 September 2006 }}</ref>[[File:Picture of Omotola Jalade at AFRIFF.jpg|thumb|Omotola Jalade ni Afihan ti Awọn ibatan Ti O Di Ni Ayẹyẹ Fiimu Naa ti Afirika.]Lẹyin ti o ti taworan ni aijọju awọn fiimu fidio ọdunrun(300), Omotola gba ipa fiimu sinima akọkọ rẹ ni ọdun (2010) fiimu "'' [[Ije]]"''.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://ijethemovie.com/ | title= IJE | publisher= Vow Foundation | accessdate= 28 December 2012 | url-status= dead | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130117085830/http://ijethemovie.com/ | archivedate= 17 January 2013 | df= dmy-all }}</ref> Ti ya fiimu yii ni awọn ipo ni [[Jos]] ati Amẹrika. "'' Ije" '' fiimu Nollywood ti o ga julọ ni akoko yẹn - gudu kan ti o bajẹ nigbamii nipasẹ '' [Phone Swap] (2012)". Ni, (2012) o ṣe irawọ ni Nollywood asaragaga,: '' [[Last Flight to Abuja]] '' eyiti o lu Hollywood awọn tonibajẹ: '' Spiderman '', '' Think like a Man '', ' 'Ice Age' ',' 'The Avengers' ', ati' 'Madagascar' 'lati di fiimu elekeji ti o ga julọ ni awọn sinima Afirika Iwọ-oorun ni (2012).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/last-flight-to-abuja-grosses-n8m-in-the-box-office/ | title=Last Flight to Abuja grosses N8m in the box office | work=Vanguard Newspaper | publisher=Vanguard | date=18 August 2012 | accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/11/omotola-clinches-actress-of-the-year-award.html | title= Omotola Clinches Actress of the Year Award |work=The Daily Sun|date=26 November 2012 }}</ref> Omotola ti lọ siwaju lati bori lori awọn ẹbun ti ile ati ti kariaye ogoji (40). O gba arabinrin oṣere ọfiisi nla julọ ni Afirika.<ref>{{cite web|first=Osaremen Ehi|last=James|url=http://nigeriafilms.com/news/19501/2/omotola-emerges-biggest-box-office-actress-of-the-.html|title=Omotola Emerges Biggest Box-Office Actress of the Year ...As Last Flight To Abuja Becomes 2012 Best Box-Office Hit|publisher=Nigeria films|date=11 November 2012|accessdate=4 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313063016/http://nigeriafilms.com/news/19501/2/omotola-emerges-biggest-box-office-actress-of-the-.html|archive-date=13 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The 2013 Time 100: Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/omotola-jalade-ekeinde/|work=Shout-Africa|date=18 April 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Media|first=Bigsam|work=The Nigerian Voice|title=Last Flight to Abuja is the number 2 film in West African Cinemas |url=http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvmovie/96039/3/last-flight-to-abuja-is-the-number-2-film-in-west-.html|date=8 August 2012|accessdate=26 May 2013}}</ref>
Ni (2015), Omotola ṣe ayẹyẹ ọdun 20 rẹ ni ile-iṣẹ ere idaraya. O ti han ni awọn fiimu bii igba (200).<ref>{{cite web|title="Omosexy is a Nollywood cornerstone" – Yahoo|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-omosexy-is-a-nollywood-cornerstone-yahoo-id3399022.html|website=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=Chidumga Izuzu|accessdate=11 January 2015|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114183207/http://pulse.ng/movies/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-omosexy-is-a-nollywood-cornerstone-yahoo-id3399022.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>Ni oṣu kẹfa (2018), Omotola lẹgbẹẹ [[Femi Odugbemi]], gba awọn ifiwepe lati darapọ mọ Oscars ni ọdun (2018) awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ idibo.<ref name=":0" />
Ni oṣu kẹfa (2018), Omotola lẹgbẹẹ [[Femi Odugbemi]], gba awọn ifiwepe lati darapọ mọ Oscars ni ọdun (2018) awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ idibo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://guardian-ng.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/amp?amp_js_v=a2&_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQCCAE=#referrer=https://www.google.com&_tf=From%20%251$s&share=https://guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/|title=Meet voting members of Oscars 2018: Odugbemi, Omotola|access-date=25 July 2018|archivedate=22 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122131241/https://guardian-ng.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/amp?usqp=mq331AQCCAE=&_js_v=0.1#referrer=https://www.google.com&_tf=From%20%251$s&share=https://guardian.ng/news/meet-voting-members-of-oscars-2018-odugbemi-omotola/|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
=== Igbesiaye Iṣẹ Orin ===
OmoSexy, ṣe ifilọlẹ iṣẹ orin “ti a ti nreti” ni ọdun 2005 pẹlu ifasilẹ awo orin akọkọ rẹ ti akole rẹ je “gba”. Alibọọmu naa ṣe agbekalẹ awọn alailẹgbẹ "Naija Lowa" ati "The Things You Do To Me."<ref>{{Citation|title=Honey Boy|date=1 January 2006|url=http://www.rhapsody.com/artist/omotola/album/gba-blue-pie/track/honey-boy|accessdate=3 January 2018}}</ref> Iwe-orin keji ti a ko tu silẹ - ''Me, Myself, and Eyes'', mu ni iṣelọpọ lati Paul Play ati [[Del B]]. O ṣe atilẹyin nipasẹ awọn orin "Feel Alright", ifihan [[Harrysong]], ati "Through the Fire", ifihan Uche. O ti ṣeto eto ayẹyẹ awo-orin naa lati waye ni Nigeria ati pe awọn tabili nireti lati ta fun [[Owo Nàìjíríà |N]]1 milionu.<ref>{{cite web| last= Media|first=Bigsam|url= http://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/photos/event_album.asp?parent_id=27252&action=view | title= HOW CELEBRITIES AND DIGNITARIES MINGLED AT OMOTOLA'S ALBUM LAUNCH |website=Modern Ghana|accessdate=19 July 2013}}</ref>
Ni ipari ọdun 2012, Omotola bẹrẹ si ṣiṣẹ lori awo-orin kẹta rẹ o si wa iranlọwọ ti Awon Afara Idanilaraya [[The Bridge Entertainment]]. O lọ si Atlanta lati ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn aṣelọpọ pataki ati awọn onkọwe orin ti o le ṣe iranlọwọ lati ṣẹda ohun ti yoo dun pẹlu awọn olugbo Amẹrika. O ni awọn akoko ile-ẹkọ pẹlu [[Kendrick Dean]], [[Drumma Boy]] ati [[Verse Simmonds]]<ref>{{cite news|title= Omotola Jalade features top foreign acts in new album as she returns to music.|url= http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/2013/01/18/2015/|work= Nigerian Monitor|date= 18 January 2013|accessdate= 5 January 2013|archivedate= 4 March 2016|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083358/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/2013/01/18/2015/|deadurl= yes}}</ref> ati igbasilẹ pẹlu orin pẹlu akọrin [[Bobby V]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Eta|first=Philip|title= PHOTOSPEAK: Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde records with Bobby V in Atlanta |url= http://dailypost.com.ng/2013/01/28/photospeak-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-records-with-bobby-v-in-atlanta/ |work=Daily Post|date=28 January 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= James |first= Osaremen Ehi |title= UPDATED: Omotola Storms Atlanta Studio With Bobby V [Picture] |url= http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/20300/2/updated-omotola-storms-atlanta-studio-with-bobby-v.html |work= Nigeria Films.com |date= 28 January 2013 |accessdate= 2 February 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130202190808/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/20300/2/updated-omotola-storms-atlanta-studio-with-bobby-v.html |archive-date= 2 February 2013 |url-status= dead |archivedate= 2 February 2013 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130202190808/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/20300/2/updated-omotola-storms-atlanta-studio-with-bobby-v.html |deadurl= yes }}</ref>
=== Ifihan to daju ===
Ni (2012), Omotola se igbekale iṣafihan ododo tirẹ, ''Omotola: The Real Me'', lori [[Africa Magic]] Idanilaraya, [[M-Net]] oniranlọwọ igbohunsafefe lori [[DStv]]. Eyi jẹ ki Omotola jẹ gbajumọ ọmọ orilẹede Naijiria akọkọ lati ṣe irawọ ninu iṣafihan ododo tirẹ.<ref>{{cite web|website=Africa Magic Dstv|title=Omotola:The Real Me|url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/category/shows/omotola-the-real-me/|publisher=MultiChoice Ltd|accessdate=20 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319065204/http://africamagic.dstv.com/category/shows/omotola-the-real-me/|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Afowó-ṣàánú===
Omotola di Ajo Agbaye [[Eto Ounje Agbaye]] Aṣoju ni (2005), lilọ si awọn iṣẹ apinfunni ni [[Sierra Leone | Sierra- Leone]] ati [[Liberia]]. Omotola tun ṣe atilẹyin awọn ajọ bii Charles Odii's [[SME100 Afirika]] lati fun awọn ọdọ ati awọn ọdọbinrin ni agbara ni awujọ. O ti ṣiṣẹ ni iṣẹ Irin ti Agbaye otun kopa ninu ipolongo Irin ti Agbaye ni Liberia pẹlu Alakoso [[Ellen Sir Leaf-Johnson | Ellen Sir Leaf-Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Hunger|first=fight|work=TNT Corporate Responsibility|url=http://www.movingtheworld.org/cordelia_salternour/blog/2007/03/07/gearing_up_for_walk_the_world_in_liberia|title=Gearing up for Walk the World in Liberia|date=7 March 2007|accessdate=4 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/http://www.movingtheworld.org/cordelia_salternour/blog/2007/03/07/gearing_up_for_walk_the_world_in_liberia|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Omotola, ni a mọ bi ajafitafita ẹtọ awọn eniyan ti o lagbara ati awọn igbiyanju olufẹ rẹ da lori iṣẹ NGO rẹ, ti a pe ni Eto Imudara Awọn ọdọ Omotola (OYEP). Iṣẹ naa mu awọn ọgọọgọrun awọn ọdọ papọ fun Irin ati Apejọ Agbara.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aiki|first=Damilare|title= BN Exclusive: In Loving Memory of her Mother, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde’s Foundation OYEP gives 20 Widows AMAZING Makeovers – Must See Photos!|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/01/24/bn-exclusive-in-loving-memory-of-her-mother-omotola-jalade-ekeindes-foundation-oyep-gives-20-widows-amazing-makovers-must-see-photos/|work=Bella Naija|date=24 January 2012 |accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref> O ya ohun rẹ ni (2010) si tunko Ipolowo Ọjo-ola fun [[Saanu Awọn ọmọde]] UK.<ref name="The360reporters"/>
O di olupolongo [[Idariji Agbaye]] ni (2011) ati pe o ti kopa ninu awọn ikede ni Sierra-Leone (Maternal Mortality) ati ipolongo rẹ laipe ti Awon Niger Delta ni Naijiria, nibi ti o ta fidio kan ti o n beere Shell ati ijọba lati ni soke, nu nu, san owo sisan ati gba ojuse ti awọn idasonu Epo ni Niger-Delta.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Amnesty International|last=Macnamara|first=Lucy|title= 'Nollywood' Star Omotola Jalade Ekeinde calls on Shell to clean up the Niger Delta|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/blog/art-for-amnesty/nollywood-star-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-calls-shell-clean-niger-delta |date=17 April 2012 |accessdate=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=All Africa|last=Akintayo|first=Opeoluwani|title= 'Nollywood' Star Omotola Jalade Ekeinde calls on Shell to clean up the Niger Delta|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/blog/art-for-amnesty/nollywood-star-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-calls-shell-clean-niger-delta|date=7 January 2012 |accessdate=5 June 2013}}</ref>
==Awọn igboriyin==
Oju iwoye ti ko ni idiyele rẹ fun u ni iwe-akọọlẹ olokiki ni '' [[O DARA! iroyin | O DARA! Iwe iroyin Naijiria]] ''. Ọwọn naa ni akole "Iwe akọọlẹ Omotola" ati ifihan awọn kikọ taara lati Omotola nipa igbesi aye ati awọn iriri rẹ.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aiki|first=Damilare|title=Nollywood's Omotola; Cocktails with Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Cocktails-With-Omotola-Jalade-Ekeinde_12345893|work=Jamaica Observer|date=26 August 2012|accessdate=2 May 2013|archive-date=7 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201529/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Cocktails-With-Omotola-Jalade-Ekeinde_12345893|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ni ọjọ karun osu kọkanla (ọdun 2013), Omotola ni ola pẹlu Ami-eye ti Ebony Vanguard ni Fidio Orin ati Ami-eye Ifihan (MVISA) ti o waye ni Birmingham.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/ | title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde honoured at Music Video and Screen Awards | publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today | date=7 November 2013 | accessdate=7 March 2014 | author=Alonge, Osagie | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313235131/http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/ | archive-date=13 March 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni ọjọ kẹsan ọsu kọkanla (ọdun 2013), Oba Victor Kiladejo, ọba ti Ìjọba Ondo fun Omotola ni akọle oye ni ilu abinibi rẹ ti [[Ipinle Ondo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.naij.com/51433.html | title=Omotola Jalade, David Mark, Others Receive Chieftaincy Title in Ondo Kingdom | publisher=Naij News | date=5 November 2013 | accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref>
Ni (2012), [[CNN]] Irin-ajo ṣe akiyesi ahọn olokiki Omotola (ẹde) lori atokọ wọn ti awọn ẹde Iba Sepọ mejila (12) ni agbaye.<ref>{{cite web|last=Burchette |first=Jordan|publisher=CNN|title= World's 12 sexiest accents|url= http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/life/worlds-sexiest-accents-130333| date=30 November 2010|accessdate=20 July 2013}}</ref>Ohun afetigbọ ti Naijiria wa ni ipo karun lori atokọ naa. Ni ọdun to nbọ, orukọ Omotola jẹ ọkan ninu awọn eniyan ti o ni agbara julọ ni agbaye nipasẹ iwe iroyin ''TIME'' fun atokọ ti olododun wọn [[TIME 100]]. O farahan ninu ẹka awọn aami na.
Ni (2015), a ṣe atokọ rẹ laarin awọn irawọ ti o ga julọ ti ọkan ti gbọ ti; atokọ naa pẹlu: [[Shah Rukh Khan]], Frank Welker, Bob Bergen, Jack Angel, Mickie McGowan, Michael Papajohn, Martin Klebba, Clint Howard ati Chris Ellis. A ṣe akojọpọ atokọ yii ati iwadi nipasẹ Yahoo!
<ref>{{cite web|title=The Highest-Grossing Movie Stars You've Probably Never Heard Of|url=https://uk.yahoo.com/movies/the-highest-grossing-movie-stars-youve-never-107601608266.html|website=Yahoo Movies UK|accessdate=9 January 2015}}</ref>
== Igbesi aye ara ẹni ==
[[File:Omotee8.jpg|thumb|Ekeinde, with her son in 2010]]
Omotola, fe Captain Matthew Ekeinde ni (1996). Tọkọtaya naa ṣe ayeye funfun kan lori ọkọ oju-ofurufu Dash 7 lakoko ti o n fo lati Eko si [[Benin]] ni (2001), pẹlu ẹbi to sunmọ ati awọn ọrẹ wa. O bi ọmọbinrin rẹ akọkọ ni Oṣu Kẹta Ọjọ 30 1997. Paapọ, wọn ni ọmọ mẹrin, Ọmọ-binrin ọba, M.J Meraiah ati Michael. Baba rẹ padanu ni ọdun 1991.
== Asayan Igbesi Ere Ori Itage ==
<!-- do not add 'rowspans' to this table, as it breaks the sortability. thanks. -->
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Actor
|-
|Title
|Year
|Role
|Notes
|-
| ''Venom of Justice''
| 1995
|
|
|-
| ''Mortal Inheritance''
| 1996
|
|
|-
|''Scores to Settle''
| 1998
|
|
|-
| ''Lost Kingdom''
| 1999
|
|
|-
| ''Kosorogun''
| 2002
|
|
|-
|''When Love Dies''
|rowspan="5"|2003
| Mary
|
|-
| ''Under Fire''
|
|
|-
| ''The Outsider''
|
|
|-
| ''Rescue''
|
|
|-
| ''Blood Sisters''
|
| Pelu [[Genevieve Nnaji]]
|-
|''Royal Family''
|rowspan="3"|2004
|
|
|-
|''Die Another Day''
| Queen
|
|-
|''A Kiss from Rose''
|
|
|-
|''Games Women Play''
|rowspan="2"|2005
|
|
|-
|''Brave Heart''
|
|
|-
|''The Revelation''
|rowspan="3"|2007
|
|
|-
|''Sand in My Shoes''
|
|
|-
|''Careless Soul''
|
|
|-
|''Yankee Girls''
|rowspan="2"|2008
|
|
|-
|''Temple of Justice''
|
|
|-
|''My Last Ambition''
| 2009
| Amanda
|
|-
|''[[Ije: The Journey]]''
| 2010
| Anya Opara Michino
| Pelu [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Odalys Garcia]], Ulrich Que
|-
|''[[A Private Storm]]''
| 2010
| Gina
| Pelu [[Ramsey Nouah]], [[Ufuoma Ejenobor]], [[John Dumelo]]
|-
|''[[Ties That Bind (film)|Ties That Bind]]''
|2011
|
| Pelu [[Ama K. Abebrese]], [[Kimberly Elise]]
|-
|''[[Last Flight to Abuja]]''
| rowspan=2|2012
| Suzie
| Pelu [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]], [[Jim Iyke]], [[Jide Kosoko]]
|-
|''[[Amina (2012 film)|Amina]]''
| Amina
|
|-
|''[[Hit the Floor (TV series)|Hit The Floor]]''
| 2013
| Omotola
|
|-
|''Blood on the Lagoon''
|2014<ref>{{cite web|title="Blood in the Lagoon" Watch Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Okey Uzoeshi in trailer|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/blood-in-the-lagoon-watch-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-okey-uzoeshi-in-trailer-id4634404.html|website=Pulse.ng|publisher=Chidumg Izuzu|accessdate=2 February 2016|archive-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203092059/http://pulse.ng/movies/blood-in-the-lagoon-watch-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-okey-uzoeshi-in-trailer-id4634404.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|''My Only Inheritance''
|
|
|
|-
|''Alter Ego''
|rowspan=3|2017
|Ada Igwe
| Pelu [[Wale Ojo]] and Kunle Remi
|-
|The Island
|Mrs Tokunbo Bowe Cole
|TV Series
|-
|The Tribunal
|
|
|-
|''Up Creek a Paddle''
|TBA
|
|Post production
|-
|}
== Aworan iwoye ==
=== Awọn Awo Orin Studio ===
* ''GBA'' (2005)
* ''Me, Myself, and Eyes'' (ko si nilẹ)
===Eleyo kekeke===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Album
|-
|2014
|"Barren Land"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/omotola-releases-single-upcoming-album/ | title=Omotola releases single from upcoming album | publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=24 January 2014 | accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref>
|''Me, Myself, and Eyes''
|-
|2015
|"Strong Girl (Remix)"<ref>{{cite web|title=D'banj Bono, Waje, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde star in conscious 'Strong girl' remix|url=http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/dbanj-bono-waje-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-star-in-conscious-strong-girl-remix-id4200409.html|website=Pulse.com.gh|publisher=David Mawuli|accessdate=9 February 2016|archive-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927215700/http://pulse.com.gh/music-videos/dbanj-bono-waje-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-star-in-conscious-strong-girl-remix-id4200409.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <small>As featured artiste</small>
|{{N/A}}
|}
== Awọn ẹbun ati Awọn yiyan ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
|-
|rowspan=2|1997
| rowspan=2|The Movie Awards (THEMA)
| Oṣere Gẹẹsi Ti o Dara Ju
|rowspan=2|Mortal Inheritance
| {{won}}
|-
|Ìwòye Oṣere Ti o Dara Ju
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2004
| City People awards for Excellence
| Oṣere Ti o Dara Ju
|rowspan=8|Herself
| {{won}}
|-
| Global Excellence Recognition Awards
| Oṣere Ti o Dara Ju ati Aseyori nla
| {{won}}
|-
| Civil Enlightenment Organization of Nigeria (CEON)
| Olukọọkan Ti o Dara Ju ati Ami ti Ṣiṣẹda
| {{won}}
|-
| NUSEC Awards
| Oṣere Ti o Dara Ju
| {{won}}
|-
|2005
| [[1st Africa Movie Academy Awards]] (AMAA)
| [[Eye Ile-ẹkọ Afirika fun Oṣere Atilẹyin Ti o Dara Julọ|Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ni Ipa Atilẹyin Kan]]
| {{won}}
|-
|2006
| Youths Benefactor's Award
| Oṣere Olore Pupọ Julọ
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan=2|2009
|[[2009 Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Oṣere Asiwaju Ipa Ti o Dara Ju (Yoruba)
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2009 Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]
|Oṣere Ti o Dara Ju
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2|2010
|[[2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]
|Oṣere ti Fiimu Re Dara Julọ / Itan kukuru
|Deepest of Dreams
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2010 Ghana Movie Awards]]
|Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ni Ijọṣepọ Afirika
|[[A Private Storm]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=4|2011
|[[8th Africa Movie Academy Awards]]
|[[Eye Ile-ẹkọ Fiimu Ti Afirika Fun Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ni Ipa Atilẹyin]]
|rowspan=2|[[Ties That Bind (film)|Ties That Bind]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2011 Ghana Movie Awards]]
|Oṣere Ti O Dara Julọ Ni Ijọṣepọ Afirika
|{{won}}
|-
|[[2011 Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Oṣere Asiwaju Ipa Ti o Dara Ju (Gẹẹsi)
|[[A Private Storm]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2011 Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]
|Fiimu Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ / Itan Kukuru
|[[Ijé]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="7"| 2012
| Eloy Awards
| Oṣere ti Odun
|[[Ties That Bind (film)|Ties That Bind]]
|{{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Nation]] Awards
| Oṣere Pan Afirika Ti o Dara Julọ
|rowspan=2|Herself
|{{won}}
|-
| Black Entertainment Film Fashion Television and Arts Awards (BEFFTA)
| Aami Oṣere Fiimu
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2012 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards]]
|GIAMA Ẹbun Omoniyan
|Omotola Ipilẹ Ifiagbara Odo
|{{won}}
|-
|Awọn Oluwo Yiyan-Obinrin
|Herself
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2012 Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]
|Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ninu Fiimu Kan
|[[Ties That Bind (film)|Ties That Bind]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[2012 Nollywood Movies Awards]]
|Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ni Ipa Aṣaaju
|[[A Private Storm]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="3"|2013
|[[2013 Nollywood Movies Awards]]
|Aṣayan Ayelujara ti o Gbajumọ
|rowspan=2|Herself
|{{won}}
|-
|Fidio Orin ati Awọn Eye Iboju (MVISA)
|Ebony Vanguard Award
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde honoured at Music Video and Screen Awards|url=http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=16 December 2013|date=7 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210235616/http://thenet.ng/2013/11/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-honoured-at-music-video-and-screen-awards/|archive-date=10 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards]]
|Oṣere Aṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ninu Fiimu Kan
|[[Last Flight to Abuja]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|2014
|[[MTV Africa Music Awards 2014]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards |title=Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Davido lead nominations for MTV Africa Music Awards |publisher=Sowetan LIVE |accessdate=17 April 2014 |archive-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420073700/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|Eniyan ti Odun
|Herself
|{{nom}}
|-
|2016
|City People Social Media Awards
|Eda Idanilaraya Arabinrin
|Herself
|{{won}}<ref>http://www.informationng.com/2016/03/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-wins-award-as-female-entertainment-personality.html</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|2017
|Nollywood Travel Film Festival
|rowspan=2|Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ
|rowspan=4|Alter Ego
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://www.newsbreak.ng/2017/09/omotola-wins-best-actress-award/ |access-date=27 October 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417200824/https://www.newsbreak.ng/2017/09/omotola-wins-best-actress-award/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival
|{{won}}
|-
|2017 [[Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|rowspan=2|Oṣere Asiwaju Ipa Ti o Dara Ju (Gẹẹsi)
|{{nom}}
|-
|City People Movie Awards
|{{nom}}
|-
|2018
|Africa Magic Viewer's Choice Awards (AMVCA)
|Oṣere Ti o Dara Julọ Ninu Fiimu / Ere Telifisonu Eleka
|Alter Ego
|Won<ref>{{Cite web|title=25YearsOfOmosexy: Celebrating Achievements Of Omot... - All News Nigeria|url=https://allnews.ng/news/25yearsofomosexy-celebrating-the-achievements-of-nollywood-sweetheart|website=allnews.ng|language=en|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>
|}
== Tun Wo ==
*[[Akojọ Awọn Eniyan Yoruba]]
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
{{reflist}}
{{igbesiaye|1978||Jalade Ekeinde Omotola}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn òṣeré ará Nàìjíríà]]
== Awọn Ona Asopọ Ita ==
* {{IMDb name|id=2122395|name=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/Realomosexy?fref=ts Omotola Jalade Ekeinde on Facebook]
{{Eye Ile-ẹkọ Afirika Fun Oṣere Alatilẹyin Ti o Dara Julọ}}
{{Iṣakoso Aṣẹ}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ekeinde, Omotola Jalade}}
[[Category:Nigerian female singers]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1978]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
[[Category:Yoruba actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Lagos]]
[[Category:Nigerian philanthropists]]
[[Category:20th-century Nigerian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian singers]]
[[Category:Yoruba philanthropists]]
[[Category:Nigerian Christians]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actress Africa Movie Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Yaba College of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the Federal Republic]]
[[Category:Actresses in Yoruba cinema]]
[[Category:Yoruba musicians]]
[[Category:English-language singers from Nigeria]]
[[Category:Obafemi Awolowo University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century women singers]]
ck1lxjfq2qomu7kw929tsln2aluklq9
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
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{{Infobox Prime Minister
|name = Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev<br /><small>Шавкат Мираманович Мирзиёев</small>
|image = File:Mirziyoyev.jpg
|office = [[Ààrẹ Uzbekistan]]
|primeminister = Abdulla Aripov
|term_start = 14 December 2016
|term_end =
|predecessor = [[Islam Karimov]]
|successor =
|office1 = [[Alákóso Àgbà Uzbekistan]]
|president1 = [[Islam Karimov]]
|deputy1 = [[Ergash Shoismatov]]
|term_start1 = 11 December 2003
|term_end1 = 14 December 2016
|predecessor1 = [[O‘tkir Sultonov]]
|successor1 = Abdulla Aripov
|birth_date = July 24, 1957
|birth_place = [[Jizzakh Region]], [[Uzbek SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Self-Sacrifice National Democratic Party]] (until 2008) <br /> [[Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party]]
|religion = [[Islam]]
}}
[[File:Mirziyoyev in Kazakhstan (2017-06-09).jpg|thumb|]]
'''Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev''' (lede Rosia Шавкат Мираманович Мирзиёев ''Shavkat Miramanovich Mirziyoyev'' loun lo) (ojoibi 1957<ref Name=Pro>[http://www.rferl.org/specials/uzbekelections/bios/Mirziyayev.asp Brief profile of Mirziyoyev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116173947/http://www.rferl.org/specials/uzbekelections/bios/Mirziyayev.asp |date=2007-11-16 }}, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.</ref>) ni [[Prime Minister of Uzbekistan|Alakoso Agba]] orile-ede [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name=Pro/><ref name=SK>[http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/9/557d2098-4f9f-4d77-8a30-e3f28745201b.html "South Korea, Uzbekistan Sign Uranium Deal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930062607/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/9/557d2098-4f9f-4d77-8a30-e3f28745201b.html |date=2007-09-30 }}, RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty, September 25, 2006.</ref> O je didaloruko sipo yi latowo Aare [[Islam Karimov]] ni ojo 12 Osu Kejila 2003, beeni ileasofin Usbeki si faramo. O ropo Alakoso Agba [[O‘tkir Sultonov]] to je lilekuro. Igbakeji re ni [[Ergash Shoismatov]].
{{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}}
== Itokasi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirziyoyev Shavkat}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1957]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Ùsbẹ̀kìstán]]
mybtjmgydov472x3fait3gmab8lhn8x
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Chad
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This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the National Assembly of the Chad who was a member twice does not show twice.
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! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| [[Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye]]
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
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|-
| [[Lol Mahamat Choua]]
| olóṣèlú, Tsad
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
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|-
| [[Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido]]
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:L'homme politique NASSOUR GUELENGDOUKSIA OUAIDOU.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Haroun Kabadi]]
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Haroun Kabadi 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Jean Alingué Bawoyeu]]
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3565005|Wadal Abdelkader Kamougue]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3847967|Idriss Ndele Moussa]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695685|Ahmat Acyl]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4710950|Albert Pahimi Padacké]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Альбер Пахими Падаке (16-11-2021).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689633|Loum N. Neloumsei Elise]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Saleh Kebzabo]]
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2002
| 2021
| [[Fáìlì:Saleh Kebzabo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17038427|Ngarlejy Yorongar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ngarlejy Yorongar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24176220|Bourkou Louise Kabo]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42415316|Aziza Baroud]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aziza Baroud.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72579209|Opportune Aymadji]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882164|Mansoura Hamid Nouri]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882636|Abakar Ahamat Djibrine]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882638|Abakar Bechir Ahmat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882640|Abba Oumar Gombo]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882641|Abdel-Ghani Ousselat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882643|Abderamane Ahmat Borgou]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882644|Abdoulaye Chouah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882646|Abdramane Ahmat Choukou]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882648|Acheikh Abakar Hassan]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882649|Adeli Edji Tarsoui]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882651|Adjedoue Weidou]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882653|Adoum Ali Kedelaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882654|Adoum Hindi Achair]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882655|Adoum Moustapha Brahimi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882656|Adoum Khamis Nguili]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882657|Ahamat Azaim Barkatallah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882658|Ahmat Annadif Khatir]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882659|Ahmat Digui]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882660|Ahmat Issa Badi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882661|Ahmat Mahamat Abdoulaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882663|Ahmat Tahir Ahmat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882665|Al Bachar Issa Taher]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882667|Ali Abakar Adji]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882668|Ali Kolotou Tchaimi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ali Kolotou Tchaimi à l'hémicycle.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882669|Alkhali Mahamat Ramat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882670|Alnoudjim Alladoum Rene]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882671|Azzai Mahamat Hassane]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882672|Balyamal Banssitan]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882673|Bana Baindiouleng]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882674|Bandoum Roalate Rimingaye Ra]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882675|Biouh Pabame Dallah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882676|Biroue Wassi Kaibaina]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882677|Bomra Robert]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882678|Boukar Pailapi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882679|Dangaye Sadjigoto]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882680|Djedanem Nemba Raymond]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882682|Djekornonde Tapambaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882685|Djenguinade Laoumbo Malachie]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882686|Djidda Mamar Mahamat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882687|Djiddi Allahi Mahamat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882688|Djidengar Ndjendi Bassa]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882690|Djimet Clement Bagaou]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882691|Djoblaona Atoukoum]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882692|Djokdelang Angobona]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882693|Fadjack Malloum]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882694|Habib Hissein Issaka]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882695|Hamid Ibarhim Moustapha]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882696|Hamid Kodya Moustapha]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882697|Hamid Moussa Ibedou]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882698|Hassaballah Bichara Toino]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882699|Homi Bagaya Badoue]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882770|Ismail Mahamat Saleh]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882771|Issa Baba Hassan]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882775|Issa Mardo Djabir]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882777|Issaka Abakari]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882779|Issaka Issa Youssouf]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882783|Keda Ballah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882784|Lama Tchindebe]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882785|Lambo Baissa]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882786|Laouhingamaye Dingaomaibe]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882787|Lawane Gilbert]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882788|Lhamdagoulou Tarya]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882789|Madi Ngarmongola]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882790|Madtoingue Benelngar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882791|Mahamadou Djouga Djoddi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882792|Mahamady Moussa Mahamady]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882793|Mahamat Abakar Oudatallah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882795|Mahamat Ahmat Bechir]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882796|Mahamat Ahmat Senoussi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882797|Mahamat Ali Kosso]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882798|Mahamat Ali Kourtou]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882799|Mahamat Bazingue Anni]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882800|Mahamat Djibrine Nimir]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882801|Mahamat Eliye Ahmed]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882802|Mahamat Ibni Bichara]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882803|Mahamat Idriss Ahmat Fakina]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882804|Mahamat Kana Bady]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882805|Mahamat Mallaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882807|Mahamat Malloum Kadre]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882808|Mahamat Oumar Malloum]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882809|Mahamat Ousmane Ngargnargue]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882810|Mahamat Saleh Ahmat Khayar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882811|Mahamat Saleh Makki]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882812|Mahamat Sountali]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882813|Mahamat Togoi Tekilio]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882814|Mahamat Zakaria Mamoun]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882816|Maki Saboune Moustapha]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882817|Manadji Tolkom Bertin]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882818|Maney Wel Pagouipore]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882819|Mbaidessemel Dionadji]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882820|Mbairemtar Prosper]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882821|Kamougue née Dene-Assoum Mayanan]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882822|Ndoubanadji Taram]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882823|Achta Bechir]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882824|Achta Mahamat Nour]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882825|Alboukhari Habsita Souleymane]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882826|Alime Ali Haouan]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882827|Amouna Liady]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882828|Aziza Ahmed Senoussi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882829|Dingamadji née Ngakoutou Moryo Delphine]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882832|Epainete née Djimina Assil]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882870|Fatime Abdraman Doubangar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882871|Fatime Nouracham Ramadan]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882872|Fatouma Issakha Haroun]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882873|Hadje Zahara Affono]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882875|Ildjima Abdraman]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882876|Keimbadje Betoudji Denise]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882877|Khadidja Hassaballah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882878|Loum Ndoadoumngue Neloumsei Elise]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882879|Mbainaye Eugenie]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882880|Nekingam Mbayam]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882881|Selguet Née Achta Aguidi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882882|Souraya Moustapha Mahamat]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882883|Tchombi Fatime Djimadingar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882885|Moctar Mahamat Ibrahim Kadjouk]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882886|Mog-Nangar Ngarsoulede Josias]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882887|Molia Tahar Kori]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882889|Mouhadjir Ibet]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882890|Moussa Kadam]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
| 2021-04
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882891|Napoleon Bonaparte Kone]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882892|Nassardjimti Mordjimngarti]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882893|Ndiguindjita Dodih Kemtobaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882895|Ndimadjingar Assane Maurice]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882896|Ndoubabe Tomel]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882897|Neatobei Bidi Valentin]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882898|Neatobeye Le- Nasseguen’Gar]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882899|Ngartokete Tatola]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882900|Ngonhaslaouel Ndiah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882901|Nobo N’Djibo]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882903|Nodjiadjim Laoubaou Abdias]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882904|Ogueye Nargaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882906|Ouchar Tourgoudi]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882907|Oumar Ibn Daoud]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882908|Oumar Yakhoub Mouhadjir]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882909|Ousman Awadalkerim]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882910|Ousman Cherif]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882912|Outman Abakar Djame]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882913|Rakhis Ahmat Saleh]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882914|Ramadan Kody Tchotch]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882915|Romadoumngar Félix Nialbé]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882916|Saleh Ali Moustapha]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882917|Salibou Garba]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882919|Sanoussi Abdoulaye Djima]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882920|Sodja Adjobma Nikanor]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882921|Souleyman Abbas]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882922|Tchari Madi Maina]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882923|Tchombi Getna Kami]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882924|Wihaouna Jean]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882925|Yamingaye Bruno]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882926|Yombombe Madjitoloum Theophile]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882927|Youssouf Moungache Abdallah]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882940|Zakaria Hassan Al-Said]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882941|Zakaria Mahamat Dalaye]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105882942|Zakaria Mahamat Saleh]]''
|
| [[Tsad]]
| 2011-06-23
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
c9ta32609xxzw66fi3jhw8zn60hytsl
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the House of Peoples' Representatives of Ethiopia
2
66679
622257
621996
2026-06-13T12:32:07Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622257
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the House of Peoples' Representatives who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21328614 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21328614/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21328614/P580:Start date,P39/Q21328614/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998466|Azmera Andemo Kelo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998468|Balew Baye Assefa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998470|Bartema Fikadu Siraga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998472|Bayabl Mulate Fitgu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998474|Bayush Birhanu Kerorsa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998477|Begashaw Teklu Alemayehu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998479|Behelhem Lakew Sisay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998480|Berhane Meskel Tena Zemenfes]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998482|Berhaneteshay T/Wold]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998484|Berhanu Feisa Tila]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998485|Berhanu Gobena Yabe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998487|Betel Melakumu Abdisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998489|Beyenech Demeke Ato]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998491|Beza Teshome]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998494|Biftu Hassan Jebero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998496|Birhanu Hankara Hatiya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998498|Birhanu Megersa Lenjiso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998499|Birke Bahru Miraf]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998501|Brooke Lambiso Wamisho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998503|Bzuayehu Degefu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998504|Chala Lami Argane]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998506|Chala Wata Deres]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998509|Chaltu Mohommed Abdurahmn]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998511|Chaltu Werje Tuke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998513|Chimdo Hanchela Bulcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998515|Christian Tadele Tsegaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998518|Daniel Kibret Birhane]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998521|Dawud Mohammed Nur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998522|Debebe Admasu Yilma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998524|Debele Kabeta Hursa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998526|Debritu Tadege Mengesha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998528|Dejitnu Alene Zewde]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998530|Demeke Achiso Hirgeto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998534|Dereje Debela Senbeto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998536|Dereje Teklemariam Gebremeskel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998538|Desalegn Eriso Hasiso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998540|Desalegn Wedaje Zemene]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998541|Dessalegn Chanie Dagnew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998543|Dessie Dalke Dukamo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998545|Desta Befikadu Negewo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998547|Destaw Mekuanint Mezengiya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998549|Destaye Tilahun Misker]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998551|Dilamo Otere Frange]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998553|Dima Nogo Serbo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998555|Dina Mufti Ledi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998557|Diriba Galati Chali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998559|Dita Nura Tero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998560|Mohammed Abdo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998562|Dube Julo Maaga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998564|Duguma Adugna Debele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998566|Eba Mijena Negero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998569|Ebenezer Bekele Amare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998572|Ejigu Melake G / Meskel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998574|Elias Ahmed Sadik]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998576|Elsabeth Ejigu Qena'A]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998580|Endalkachew Asrat Zeleke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998583|Endalkachew Lelisa Duresa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998588|Endalu Mulatu Lemi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998590|Endriyas Geta Beldeda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998594|Kemal Mohammed Zeynu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998599|Eng Sileshi Kore Dube]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998601|Ephrem Tessema Taressa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998604|Ergoge Tesfaye W / Meskel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998609|Eshetu G/Mariam Gol]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998616|Eshetu Temesgen Gelan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998620|Eskinder Aliye Abdula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998625|Essa Boru Tola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998629|Esubalew Mebrate Tesema]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998635|Etaferahu Mota Bogale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998640|Etaferahu Zegeye Ambaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998644|Etagegnehu Eshetu Gudeta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998649|Etefa Obsa Duresa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998654|Etsegenet Mengistu Zeleke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998659|Ewnete Alene Yalew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998665|Eyerusalem Lewi Essey]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998668|Eyob Tekalign Tolina]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998672|Fahmi Ali Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998679|Faima Shejemal Abamecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998683|Fanaye Melese Wolde]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998686|Fanos Hailu Adera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998689|Fantaye Legesse Weldegiorgis]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998691|Farah Mohamed Farah]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998695|Faris Delil Yesuf]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998697|Fathi Mahdi Wezir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998699|Fato Ismo Beriso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998702|Fatuma Ali Ibrahim]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998705|Faysal Odwa Abdi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998708|Fekadu Mosisa Gemeda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998712|Fekadu Tulu Ketema]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998715|Ferida Shemsedin Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998717|Fetiya Ahmed Abrahim]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998720|Fetiya Ahmed Shire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998723|Feyid Sherab Sherif]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998724|Fikadu Bedilu Bolja]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998727|Fikadu Gawshalo Memo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998732|Fikadu Mengistu Ashemi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998735|Fikir Abay Anawt]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998738|Fikru Werku Birshe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998742|Firew Tesfaye Odayte]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998743|Fisaha W/Senbet Tegegn]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Girma-Wolde-Giorgis official portrait.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Meles Zenawi]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Meles Zenawi - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356741|Negasso Gidada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| 2005
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Negasso Gidada.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2275961|Seyoum Mesfin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100062|Gedu Andargachew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Gedu Andargachew - 2019 (48802681123) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572445|Yohannes Tiro Ejigayehu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4832330|Azeb Mesfin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Azeb Mesfin in 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4899848|Beyene Petros]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4996096|Bulcha Demeksa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5658111|Harka Haroyu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8046468|Yacob Haile-Mariam]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16149223|Ashebir Woldegiorgis]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16187059|Sinknesh Ejigu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sinkinesh Ejigu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16205894|Lidetu Ayalew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728486|Demeke Mekonnen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Demeke Mekonnen Hassen - 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18921783|Getachew Jigi Demeksa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dr.Getachew Jigi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50365049|Abiy Ahmed]]''
| olóṣèlú, Ethiópíà
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Abiy Ahmed 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55238035|Muferihat Kamil Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Muferiat Kamil.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57898816|Lia Tadesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:EU2024BE 240206 Lia Tadesse.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62123939|Dagmawit Moges]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104794313|Fitsum Assefa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Minister of Planning and Development Fitsum Assefa Adela crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127038755|Shewit Shanka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131744049|Lomi Bedo Kumbi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131997903|Ababaw Ayalew Gal]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998309|Abate Arega Atalay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998311|Abdikarim Akib Aden]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998313|Abdu Hassan Mohamed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998314|Abdulahi Mohammed Muse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998316|Abdulfatah Abdul Rahman Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998318|Abduljewad Mohammed Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998321|Abdulkadir Gelgelo Boru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998323|Abdurashed Abdilahi Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998325|Abdusemed Hussen Abo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998327|Abduwas Abdulahi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998328|Abeba Sadik Buser]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998331|Abebaw Desalew Bayabl]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998333|Abere Adamu Teferi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998336|Abiyot Delegn Yirkayo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998339|Abosh Mustafa Musa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998341|Abraham Alemayehu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998343|Abraham Amish Assema]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998346|Abreham Berta Aneseyee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998348|Abune Alem Temesgen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998349|Adamu Kenea Daba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998352|Adane Alto Mengesha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998353|Adane Mande Damtew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998355|Adane Teshome Getahun]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998357|Adanech Nashura Samago]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998359|Addis Alemayehu Qumbi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998362|Addisu Kamiso Garanba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998364|Addisuwa Assefa Demise]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998366|Adugna Ahmed Uso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998368|Adugna Debela Bote]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998371|Agu Deban Gesso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998373|Agumase Anteneh Wube]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998376|Ahmed Hassen Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998378|Aknaw Kawza Malefiya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998380|Alemitu Abebe Atisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998382|Alemitu Assefa Tunduro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998383|Alemitu Umed Ujulu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998385|Alemnesh Berhanu Obsa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998387|Alemnesh G Mariam Imo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998389|Alemu Damtew Ashenafi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998391|Alemu Getahun Sisay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998393|Alemu Gonfa Robi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998395|Alemu Jemberu Ayalew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998398|Alemu Sime]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998400|Alie Belachew Bala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998402|Almaw Mengist Ambaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998403|Almaw Tigabu Melesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998405|Almaz Asale Ergado]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998407|Almaz Temesgen Sisay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998408|Almaz Wedajo Adimo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998410|Amarech Bekalo Sapa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998412|Amina Abdurahman Adem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998415|Amira Mohammed Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998418|Amsal Amare Abate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998420|Amsal Mengistu Alemu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998422|Anesa Melko Hebero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998423|Arare Mosisa Etisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998426|Aregash Kefle Karbo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998427|Aregash Tekile Tantu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998429|Aschale Alamere Melesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998431|Aselefech Kuche Goa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998433|Asemahagn Aseres]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998435|Asha Yahya Salehi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998438|Asheber W. Giorgis Gayo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998440|Ashinie Astin Titoyik]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998441|Ashu Gololcha Oda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998443|Aster Beshir Figa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998445|Aster Keftaw Dachu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998446|Atsede Mamo Tamale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998448|Awoke Amzaye Assoma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998451|Ayan Ali Mussa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998453|Ayantu Gutata Fite]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998456|Ayele Negeri Gibo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998458|Ayele Teshome Gonche]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998460|Ayisha Shehshifa Abdurahaman]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998462|Aynalem Niguse Ali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998465|Aysha Mohammed Musa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998748|Fraol Udessa Gelchu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998749|Fuad Abafita Ababulgo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998751|Gashaw Dagnew Lakew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998753|Gashayalew Gala Galada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998756|Gelane Bikila Woyecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998758|Genet Abraham Yayu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998760|Genet Bete Gerawork]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998762|Genet Ketema Bekele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998766|Genet Waqgari Fitie]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998769|Geremu Huluka Amanu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998771|Getahun Limenh Abegaz]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998773|Getnet Tadele Tefera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998776|Gezu Manaye Chakol]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998778|Goiti Wancho Oke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998780|Gudeta Belelcha Sefisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998782|Gusha Balko Birbirsa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998784|Habtamu Tegegne Destaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998786|Habtemariam Mekonnen Ali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998788|Haji Kedir Abdule]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998790|Halimo Hassen Mohamed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998792|Hamedu Geas Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998794|Hangasa Ahmed Ibrahim]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998796|Haregwoin Yimer Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998798|Hasen Shek Yusuf Abadulai]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998800|Hasna Hanfere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998801|Hassan Muhamed Moali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998804|Hassen Abdi Wali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998807|Hayat Yusuf Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998809|Hayelo Gunefa Edosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998811|Helina Akelew Tadesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998814|Hirut Kassaw Wondim]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998817|Hirut W/Mariam Teketel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998819|Hiwot Mossisa Deresse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998820|Ibrahim Umar Aliyi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998822|Ibsa Yusuf Hassan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998824|Ifrah Towfik Aden]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998825|Ikram Maid Adan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998830|Illubabor Buno Tesso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998834|Ishetu Gelan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998837|Iyasu Salah Ganjura]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998840|Jamal Ali Mumi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998842|Jemal Abaso Ebu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998843|Jemal Abegaz Adem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998846|Jemanesh W/Michael Wege]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998849|Jember Ayalneh Biru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998851|Jhon Amhed Abamilki]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998854|Jihad Nasser Abdu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998857|Juhar Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998860|Kaba Mebratu Dagne]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998864|Kairedin Tezera Adera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998867|Kalid Aba Mecha Haji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998874|Kamil Aliy Kasim]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998875|Kamil Shemsu Siraj]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998877|Kasahun Jobir Gudeta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998880|Kebede Genet Feyisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998884|Kedir Adam Arero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998887|Kedir Edris Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998889|Kedir Gena Abdulkadir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998892|Kedja Yassin Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998895|Kefena Ifa Delesa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998898|Kemal Hashi Mohamoud]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998901|Kibnesh Shiferaw Robe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998903|Kidist Araya Tasew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998906|Kidist G/Hana Mirgoye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998909|Kimia Jundi Hamdo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998912|Kindiya Aycheluhm Atalay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998915|Kocheto G/Yesus Deneto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998919|Kumaale Gadisa Obse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998922|Latifa A/Temam A/Gisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998924|Lema Abera Hirpo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998928|Lema Tessema Yimere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998931|Lencho Ayala Bati]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998933|Leta Tesfaye Jule]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998936|Letifa A/Sambi A/Gojam]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998942|Lidia Chali Argeta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998946|Lobele Yhirano Baskwa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998952|Lubaba Ibrahim Hassen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998953|Lubaba Seyidi Legasi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998956|Maeza Asmare Abtew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998959|Magartu Mohammed Aman]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998961|Mahatme Haile Workeneh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998964|Mamo Esmealem Mihretu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998967|Marta Liwji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998970|Martha Lema Tulu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998973|Mastewal Mekonen Siyeneh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998977|Matema Mīka Galito]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998980|Meaza Assefa Ergete]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998982|Meaza Tigabe Alemu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998985|Mebrat Bacha Wakjira]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998987|Mekdes Desta Jagare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998988|Melaku Fenta Chay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998990|Melese Mana Gemeso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998992|Melkias Ayele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998994|Merdia Aman Guye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998996|Meselech Kewiso Kaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998998|Meseret Assefa Godana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999000|Meseret Haile Masresha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999002|Meseret Madole Ebo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999003|Meseret Mamo Gamuro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999005|Meseret Mola Kassahun]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999343|Thomas Tut Pok]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999348|Tia Mio Arsawa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999352|Tidenek Guldu Tsedeke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999355|Tigist Wuhib Tsega]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999359|Tilahun Tamirat Mulu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999363|Tiruaynet Temesgen Ayalew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999366|Tola Hailu Hunde]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999370|Tseganesh Gamato Gamo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999376|Tsehay Bekele Tafesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999380|Tsehaynesh Gebre W / Michael]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999384|Tsige Denboba Ayano]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999387|Ume Abdela Umer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999391|Usame Mohamed Muhumad]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999394|Usheto Hobicho Dabelo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999398|Usman Surur Siraj]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999401|Werkinesh Jemal Asfaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999404|Werknesh Biru Bedasa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999408|Werksemu Mamo Mekonnen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999412|Woldeyes Debebe Delki]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999417|Wondwosen Admase Tadesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999421|Worknesh Mohammed Hebiso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999425|Wubete Tadege Nibret]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999429|Wudalat Minwuye Bayih]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999432|Yasmin Wehabrebi Seid]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999436|Yemengist Tsegaw Walelign]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999439|Yeshi Muka Wakaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999443|Yeshihasab Tsegaw Welelaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999446|Yeshimebet Demise Sewagegnehu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999449|Yeshimebrat Mersha Kasa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999452|Yezibalem Kasse Yismaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999455|Yezina Mulati Zeleke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999458|Yiftu Gudisa Oshko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999461|Yineger Dessie Belay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999463|Yohannis Mesfin Gebeyehu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999465|Zamzam Ahmed Jama]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999466|Zara Biftu Nabi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999469|Zara Mohammed Adana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999474|Zegeye Muluye Asres]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999477|Zeineba Nura Bati]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999481|Zekarias Erekola Yimamo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999485|Zelalem Melak Bogale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999490|Zelalem Tadesse Ayalew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999494|Zemene Hailu Mekonnen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999496|Zemu Tesfaye Bendi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999500|Zeritu Shiferaw Beyene]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999504|Zewdenesh Tulu Gashe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999507|Zewdu Tadesse Wondimkun]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999511|Zeyini Abose]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999515|Zinash Tsegaye Kalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999520|Zinaye Negash Zemedu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999524|Zadig Abreha Sharew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999528|Wondimu Tekle Sigo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999531|Eyasu Elias Fantahun]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999535|Asiya Qabdulkadir Barakat]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999540|Binalf Andualem Ashenafi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999547|Bifto Mohammed Ibro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999551|Ababuu Damissee Kaamsuur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999555|Jamiilaa Simbiruu Tusaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999560|Shurrubbee Gammadii Nunaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999564|Miiliyoon Baqqalaa Damissee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999569|Obbo Guutaa Laachoree Caakkee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999573|Galaasaa Dilboo Goljaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999575|Kuulanii Mahammad Abdullaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999579|Itoophiyaa Shaambal Damboobaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999583|Wogee Kufaa Buutee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999586|Adaalee Odaa Tooduwaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999590|Umer Huseen Obaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999594|Warquu Gaachanaa Nagarraa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999597|Shisema Gebresilassie Weranga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999599|Eshetu Kebede Gichoro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999605|Gebeynesh Gizaw Yebo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999608|Eyasu Kasa Ganjula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999611|Alesa Mengesha Boko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999614|Terefe Tadesse Godi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999617|Redwan Hussien Rameto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999620|Tigist Tadele Atenafu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999624|Teshome Toga Cheneka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999627|Genene Gedebu Feleha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999630|Million Mathewos Korsisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999633|Geremew Garj Gidabo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999636|Tiratu Beyene Biltu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999639|Desalegn Misa Wallasa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999642|Selamu Bulado Bukana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999644|Bekele Fole Sare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999647|Tekleweled Atnafu Ambula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999650|Goyeti Wancho Ayke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999653|Wendemu Girma Tamrasha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999657|Ahmed Shide Mohamed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999659|Halimo Mahamed Abdi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999661|Guled Ahmed Ali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999008|Meseret Shiferaw Yadete]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999009|Meseret Zelalem Tadesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999012|Mesfin Dagna Tafesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999016|Mesfin Erkabe Mirach]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999019|Meskerem Hailu Alula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999022|Miraj Zekiyi Jemal]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999025|Miretu Shanko Gidi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999028|Misganu Arga Mo'Och]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999029|Mitiknesh Cheleke Atsero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999032|Moga Ababulgu Abakebe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999035|Moges Balcha Gebremedhin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999037|Mohamed Musse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999040|Mohammed Ahmed Aliye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999044|Mohammed Ahmed Musa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999048|Mohammed Hassan Abu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999052|Mohammed Mohammedkemal Ali Al-Arusi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999053|Mohammed Shikur Mussa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999056|Mohamud Yusuf Mealin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999058|Mohmmednur Ahmed Musa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999061|Molla Feleke Desta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999063|Mubarek Elias Mustefa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999065|Mulat Telayneh Asrate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999068|Mulu Yirga Sahele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999071|Muluken Admasu Emru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999074|Muluken Assefa Jenebere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999077|Mulunesh Lamore Ushe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999080|Muna Ali Yassin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999082|Munira Hussen Hassen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999084|Muslim Rashid A / Gidi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999086|Najaha Ahmed Abdullahi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999089|Nebiyat Tilahun Chaemiso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999092|Nefisa Almahadi Alakib]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999095|Negash Bulala Abawalta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999098|Negasse Bayissa Dubiwak]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999101|Negeri Lencho Bultum]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999104|Neima Usman Adem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999108|Nejat Girma Waqjira]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999111|Nejet Andorso Adem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999112|Nemera Gebeyehu Mamo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999115|Nesredin Abduelmusin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999118|Nezif Zinab A/Lulessa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999120|Nikuse Mituku Gelaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999123|Nurzeman Jibril Negewo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999125|Qasim Kimo Kebelo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999128|Rahel Negero Gutu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999131|Rahmet Awel Mohammed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999134|Rosa Omar Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999138|Ruqiya Ali Kewo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999140|Ruqiya Argo Wariyo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999142|Sadik Adem Umer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999152|Sadiya Aman Gerado]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999158|Sadiya Temam Shifa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999165|Sadiya Usman Sheka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999170|Sahlu Diribsa Mosisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999173|Samira Yusuf Ibro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999176|Samuel Urkato Kurke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999179|Seharla Abdulahi Bahdon]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999182|Seid Nuru Ali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999184|Selamwit Dawit Kamase]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999188|Seleshi Bekele Awlachew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999191|Senait Asradew Kokebe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999194|Sewasewi Tizazu Abate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999198|Seyid Mohammed Hussein]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999203|Shifera Telila Senbetu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999206|Shumi Ayano Guto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999209|Shurube Gemedi Nuna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999212|Simneshi Sahlu Teum]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999216|Sintayehu Tilahun Abebe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999221|Sintayehu Woldemichael Yohannes]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999223|Siti Redwan Biza]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999227|Solomon Kuchu Robi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999231|Solomon Soka Ginyarita]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999236|Solomone Lale Kalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999239|Sosna Getahun Azene]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999244|Sultan Ibrahim Abagisa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999248|Sumiya Desalew Mola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999252|Suwerk Tafese Goshu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999256|Tadele Buraka Bushasha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999259|Tadesse Beza Gebretsadik]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999262|Tadesse Getu Alemu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999266|Tafesse Muleta Tesso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999269|Tagese Chafo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999272|Talef Fitihawek Endeshaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999275|Tana Gobena Fufa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999278|Tarke Daba Bobo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999282|Tawfik Abdullahi Ahmed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999286|Tegene Regassa Luba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999290|Temesgen Ambachew Biresaw]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999295|Tesfahun Bogale Jember]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999299|Tesfahun Simegn Kebede]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999304|Tesfahun Sisay Mengistu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999308|Tesfanesh Tefera Asres]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999312|Tesfanesh W/Mariam Angi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999315|Tesfatsion Shuka Gadana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999319|Tesfaye Bangu Kacho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999324|Tesfaye Beljige Dara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999327|Teshome Abdo Segni]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999331|Teshome Wale Gesesse]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999334|Tewachew Abebe Yimer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999339|Tewbo Mihereit Molla]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
52u9d3l5hztdanj7qepiivsnt8izyx3
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the Parliament of Madagascar
2
66721
622302
622057
2026-06-14T08:32:46Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622302
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Parliament of Madagascar who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295989 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295989/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295989/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295989/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088145|Olivier Donat Andriamahefaparany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7140026|Parson Zazaharivelo Rakotovazaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7145410|Patrice Rakotoarimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7147514|Patrick Ramiaramanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7283307|Raharimampionona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7286719|Rakoto Joseph Nirina Lamboarivel]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7286721|Rakotomandimby Stanislas Zafilahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7289568|Ramilison Randriamampianina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7295147|Rasoanaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299091|Raymond Rakotozandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299458|Razafitiana Auguste Jaonarison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7357222|Rodolphe Gabriel Randriamanantena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7386126|Rémi]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7558511|Solofo Andrianjafimahatratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7558513|Solofonantenaina Razoarimihaja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660862|Sylvestre Ranaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7799865|Théodore Léonard Randriamanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7812778|Todisaina Raymond Ramarolahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849675|Tsimisotry Ramanantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8017489|William René Rakoto Mahefarinoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8062421|Yvonne Bezara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8064293|Zafilaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8064296|Zafimiarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8065487|Zalifa Bente Salim]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16013228|Monja Jaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 1983
| 1989
| [[Fáìlì:Monja Jaona in 1945, aged 35.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16147702|Jean David Baba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734830|Norovelomampionona Roberthine Rabetafika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734917|Hajanirina Lanto Ramaherijaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734952|José Martial Ranaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734964|Modeste Randriamanantena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734995|Léon Rasalama]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16735028|Mamy Tiana Télésphore Gérard Ravelonanosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16735050|Francette Razafindrakoto Harifanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19949084|Lucien Xavier Michel-Andrianarahinjaka]]''
| olùkọ̀wé, Madagáskàr
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Lucien Xavier Michel-Andrianarahinjaka 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20027788|Stanislas Rakotonirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22338260|Christine Razanamahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 2014-02-18
| 2024-07-11
| [[Fáìlì:Christine Razanamahasoa (2021) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30146680|Guy Randrianarisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108679054|Lobo Hanitriniaina Razafimanantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 2013
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126305856|Aina Rafenomanantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aina RAFENOMANANTSOA (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138562016|Nasser Ahmed]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 2002<br/>2014
| 2007<br/>2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q559672|Albert Zafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:President Albert Zafy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Eugène Mangalaza]]
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3134026|Herizo Razafimahaleo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Herizo Razafimahaleo (Profile).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3377724|Pety Rakotoniaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4026922|Harijaona Lovanantenaina Rakotonirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4027440|Rossy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 2014
|
| [[Fáìlì:Paul Bert Rahasimanana - Rossy - Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665157|Abdoul Fatah]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697197|Aimé Rakotondrajaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4711293|Albert Sylla]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759288|Andrianantoandro Raharinaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759289|Andrianavalona Fanomezanjaka Pierrot Ranaivoson]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759291|Andrianirina Marie Bruno Rakotoarisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759297|Andriantsilavo Frédéric Rakotomalala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759815|André Avison Tsitohery]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759820|André Baozandrivelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4760054|André Rostand]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765254|Anique Chantal Kembazanany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4790730|Arinosy Jacques Razafimbelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4792679|Armand Mahatafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4792690|Armand Randrianarison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4822684|Aurélie Marie Augustine Razafinjato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4860720|Barijaona Andriambelosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4860810|Barison Claude Andriambololona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4865990|Bary Jacobson Hoyme Ratsimbazafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4884990|Bemamy Beriziky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4889158|Benjamin Ramamonjisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893332|Bernard Koto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893573|Bernard Ravelonjato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893706|Bernard Tolia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4925030|Blandine Rasoanamary Voizy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4941984|Boniface Berthin Zakahely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4948767|Botomananatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4967900|Brigitte Lalanirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979264|Bruno Josvah Randrianantenaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979370|Bruno Rajaonson]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5005054|Bénoît Mamy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081908|Charles Ralazasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5109964|Christian Nestor Velo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131923|Clermont Gervais Mahazaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5200607|Cyriaque Alexandre Rambolazafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5202470|Célestin Manasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5274178|Didier Léandre Tsiajotso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5320264|Désiré Remahita]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5338910|Edmond Rodin Georges Rakotomanjato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360718|Elie Odon Fidèle Rasoanaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5386463|Eric Fadola Razafimandimby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5427620|Fabergé Gabriel Mamitiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5446759|Fidelis Justin Rasolonomenjanahary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5446823|Fidson Mananjara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460502|Flore Maltine Ramarozatovo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460876|Florent Parfait Mana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5482563|Francis Tamisy Raharison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493257|François Emile Rakotomalala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5511632|Félix Ramboahangison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5511633|Félix Randriamandimbisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5526754|Gaston Rakotobezanahary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5546775|Georges Clément Ratsimbazafiarison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5546873|Georges Ratalata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5622255|Guy Francis Randrianjafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5625979|Gérard Aristote Zaonarivelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5657648|Harinjatovo Rakotondramanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5679575|Hassan Aly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5715470|Henri François Victor Randrianjatovo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5745153|Hery Setaharinaivomanjato Raharisaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5927563|Hubert Rakotoson]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6156185|Janvier Maharangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169154|Jean-Claude Rakotonirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170096|Jean Adrien Vanovason]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170443|Jean Claude Chan Se]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170632|Jean Ernest Rakotomiandrisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170633|Jean Ernest Rakotonomenjanahary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6171294|Jean Paul Honoré Andrianantenaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6171786|Jean de la Croix Ramambason]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6207100|Jocelyn Borida]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6209712|Joe Ernest Rakotonirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6214130|Joelison Emanoela Rakotoarimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6271889|Jonah Justin Pikulas]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6271913|Jonah Parfait Prezaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6286474|Joseph Rakotomazava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6305883|Jules Henri Randriamaholison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6505763|Lazafeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6554177|Lininy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6673928|Longin Louis Fanantera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6686746|Louis Bernard Rakotomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689911|Lova Adrien Marie Rakotoniaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6707578|Lydia Aimée Vololona Rahantasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 2013
| 2018-06-14
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745692|Mamisoa Rakotomandimbindraibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745962|Mampihao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6746039|Mamy Rakotoarivelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6746763|Manahirana Leriva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6746904|Manandafy Rakotonirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6753647|Maolidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6756241|Marcel Velonirina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6776433|Martin Rafidison]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6793697|Maurisson Randrianarivony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6836533|Michel Randrianekena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918909|Mouhamed Sebany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042170|Nizar Dramsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7050347|Norbert Mamangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088116|Olivier Antonny José Randrianantenaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
3vk87nou27beyxnhck730g0jfl7doca
Oníṣe:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Senegal
2
66756
622261
621672
2026-06-13T13:11:19Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622261
wikitext
text/x-wiki
This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the National Assembly of Senegal who was a member twice does not show twice.
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q20757571 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q20757571/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q20757571/P580:Start date,P39/Q20757571/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1639|Lamine Diack]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1978
| 1993
| [[Fáìlì:Lamine Diack (2011-07-28).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q284311|Aida Mbodj]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2007-07
| 2011-05
| [[Fáìlì:Aïda mbodj h.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q308367|Abdoul Aziz Ndao]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q468055|Habib Thiam]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Habib Thiam 1996.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q525063|Iba Der Thiam]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q527782|Demba Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye]]
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Souleymane ndéné ndiaye .jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q739956|Mamadou Dia]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]<br/>[[Fránsì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mamadou Dia 1962.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1165453|Daouda Sow]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1951094|Moustapha Niasse]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Moustapha niasse.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2308862|Abdoulaye Diack]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2608966|Jacques Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Jacques Diouf.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821341|Abdou Fall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821358|Abdoulaye Baldé]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Abdoulaye Balde.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821364|Abdoulaye Bathily]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Abdoulaye Bathily - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821374|Abdoulaye Fofana]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Abdoulaye Fofana 1960.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821382|Abdoulaye Makhtar Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Grand Serigne.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821403|Abdourahmane Sow]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821404|Abdourahmane Sy]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2828782|Aïcha Mama Kane]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2837084|Aliou Dembo Sow]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aliou sow.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2840844|Amadou Assane Ndoye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2840858|Amadou Cissé Dia]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2840878|Lamine Guèye]]''
| Òṣèlú Faransé àti Senegal (1891–1968)
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]<br/>[[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Amadou Lamine-Guèye en 1946.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841351|Amath Dansokho]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Amath Dansokho 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843389|Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2001
| 2007
| [[Fáìlì:Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843396|Aminata Tall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2874643|Awa Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2877741|Babacar Sèye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2912002|Boubacar Guèye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Boubacar Gueye.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2939995|Caroline Faye Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1963
| 1978
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962096|Cheikh Bamba Dièye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:AssisesNationalesSénégal47.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962114|Cheikh Sadibou Fall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3026328|Diaraf Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3032921|Djibo Leyti Kâ]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3037889|Doudou Wade]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Doudou Wade.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3050868|Elhadji Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3103530|Georges Tendeng]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125323|Habib Sy]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3158206|Jacques Baudin]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3182467|John Sleight]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196025|Khalifa Sall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]<br/>[[Fránsì]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Khalifa Ababacar Sall en 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3217062|Landing Savané]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276099|Madior Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Professeur Madior Diouf.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276586|Magatte Lô]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Magatte Lô.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3284806|Mamadou Bamba Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2003
| 2012
| [[Fáìlì:Photo Mamadou Bamba NDIAYE.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3284870|Mamadou Seck]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aaseck.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3303502|Mbaye Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mbaye Ndiaye.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3303505|Mbaye-Jacques Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Maitre Mbaye jacques diop m.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3326366|Moustapha Mamba Guirassy]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Moustapha Mamba Guirassy 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3348544|Obèye Diop]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Obeye Diop 1960.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358301|Oumar Khassimou Dia]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358513|Ousmane Ngom]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ousmane ngom.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358520|Ousmane Tanor Dieng]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tanor Dieng.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3362782|Pape Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Pape diop m.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3395969|Robert Sagna]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Robert Sagna-2009.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514537|Talla Sylla]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Talla Sylla 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3524092|Thierno Bâ]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Thierno Ba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3524093|Thierno Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572777|Youba Sambou]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572967|Youssou Diagne]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3579816|Édouard Diatta]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665146|Abdou Latif Guèye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7408951|Samba Diouldé Thiam]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15542603|Aissata Tall Sall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aïssata Tall Sall.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15974724|Cherif El Waly Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16267249|Assane Diagne]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16664872|Modou Fada Diagne]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16668814|Papa Babacar Mbaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40946691|Aïda Mbaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1983
| 1986
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41694165|Mata Sy Diallo]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41750334|Arame Diène]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1983
| 2001
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43378615|Ramatoulaye Seck]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1983
| 1993
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57202236|Joseph Gomis]]''
| olóṣèlú, Fránsì
| [[Fránsì]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62626626|Fara Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1978
| 1986
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84030842|Balla Moussa Daffe]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86838114|Haoua Dia Thiam]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93315809|Famara Sarr]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103958052|Fatoumata Ka]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1983
| 1992
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103959291|Mantoulaye Guene]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1983
| 1991
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106316254|Amadou Barry]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106613038|Sokhna Dieng Mbacké]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012-07
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109684191|Christian Valantin]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1968
| 2000
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110790179|Barthélémy Dias]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012<br/>2022
| 2016
| [[Fáìlì:Barthélémy Dias.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113681283|Coumba Ndoffène Bouna Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 1993
| 1998
| [[Fáìlì:Coumba Ndoffène Bouna DIOUF.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114440109|Alioune Dieye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116976699|Adji Diarra Mergane Kanouté]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118793240|Aminata Gueye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125333713|Ndèye Fatou Guissé]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2022
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125352678|Daouda Dia]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012-07-01
|
| [[Fáìlì:Daouda dia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935228|Rokhy Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935230|Khady Sarr]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935260|Oulimata Sidibé]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935325|Maïmouna Bousso]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132125559|Mbène Faye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134297114|Maguette Sène]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134297356|Jacqueline Sagna]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135152714|Khoudia Mbaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135152753|Ousmane Masseck Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2002
| 2007
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135439565|Babacar Diamé]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135439707|Abdoulaye Vilane]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2018
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135779364|Ndèye Fatou Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012-07-30
| 2022-09-14
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135779555|Pape Biram Touré]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135781422|Awa Guèye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
| 2024
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135822309|Fatou Thiam]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135829545|Samba Dang]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135854488|El Hadji Gueye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135868146|Mairame Kane]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2022-07-30
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135937426|Lamine Faye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136085608|Alphonse Mané Sambou]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2022-07-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136085712|Bacary Diedhiou]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2022-07-31
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136085751|Grasse Faye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136085899|Ousmane Ciss]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136092812|Insa Danfa]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136093064|Diaraye Bâ]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136093404|Saye Cissé]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136098310|Saliou Ndione]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2025
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136100764|Mohamed Ayib Salim Daffe]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136100871|Mame Mariama Dary]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136101655|Mamadou Seye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136309071|Alioune Badara Diagne]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136309102|Anthia Dieng]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136309127|Massamba Dieng]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136309170|Youngaré Dione]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136309211|Marie Ange Mame Selbé Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136318273|Abdoulaye Tall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2025
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136324396|Tambedou Elhadji Ababacar]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136324588|Ndack Thiam]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136325374|Ousmane Thiouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2025-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136325493|Babacar Varore]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136326788|Ismaila Mamadou Abdoul Wone]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136399067|Mamadou Lamine Souaré]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136401498|Amdiatta Diaby]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2025-12
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136402036|Amy Ndiaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-12-02
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136565048|Adja Awa Guèye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2012
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687871|Sène Aliou]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136694714|Maimouna Dieng]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136694810|Diogomaye Diaw]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136694877|Ismaila Diallo]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11-17
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136695657|Mohamed Sall]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136695883|Diouf Marie Hélène Ndofene]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136697275|Alioune Ndao]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136699019|Anta Dia]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136699202|Mouramani Kaba Diakite]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137041607|Khady Sow]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2024-11
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
4x71vzuzdhhweoyg31iqevs4oz2pn2z
Oníṣe:GerardM/OkayAfrica 100 women
2
66927
622262
621998
2026-06-13T13:12:44Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622262
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==Listeria list for all those recognised by the OkayAfrica==
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q54889438 }
|section=
|sort=P166/Q54889438/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P166/Q54889438/P585:Year,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Year
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23816363|Imbolo Mbue]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Imbolo Mbue 2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Simi]]
| Nàìjíríà olórin àti akọrin
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Simi singer from Nigeria born 1988 at NdaniTV session.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24049156|Alexis Okeowo]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Alexis Okeowo Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24248220|Ethel Delali Cofie]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Ethel D Cofie.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Niniola]]
| Olórin ní Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Niniola Nigerian Singer songwriter.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Nomzamo Mbatha]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24713124|Adesua Etomi]]''
| Òṣèrébìnrin ní Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Adesua Etomi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851630|Bozoma Saint John]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2018<br/>2017
| [[Fáìlì:Bozoma Saint John at Essence Festival of Culture July 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25199129|Alsarah]]''
|
| [[Sudan]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Alsarah 06332.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Angelica Nwandu]]
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Angelica Nwandu 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26263150|Naomi Ruele]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26436159|Ilhan Omar]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017<br/>2019
| [[Fáìlì:Ilhan Omar, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Fadumo Dayib]]
|
| [[Somalia|Sòmálíà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27062883|Aminatou Sow]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| [[Tope Oshin]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Tope Oshin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lisa Folawiyo]]
| Aránṣọ
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Lisa Folawiyo Designer.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27450115|Funke Opeke]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Funke Opeke - ITU Telecom World 2016 - Industry Leaders Roundtable.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Oreoluwa Lesi]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2020
| [[Fáìlì:Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27494203|Luvvie Ajayi]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| [[Rebeca Gyumi]]
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Rebeca Gyumi.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27999600|Touria El Glaoui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Touria El Glaoui.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Yvonne Orji]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Yvonne Orji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28039875|Babes Wodumo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28648829|Clarisse Iribagiza]]''
|
| [[Rwanda|Rùwándà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Clarisse Iribagiza 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28654904|Shekhinah]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Shekhinah.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28736612|Nadia Rose]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28841772|Salome Asega]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859681|Adama Delphine Fawundu]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859847|Halima Aden]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Halima Aden Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28911657|Lady Skollie]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28967562|Adwoa Aboah]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Adwoa aboah 2019 1.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29160452|Jessica O. Matthews]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29413652|Khoudia Diop]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2018
|
|-
| [[Tomi Adeyemi]]
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:NBF2024-tomi-adeyemi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29886137|Cherrie]]''
|
| [[Swídìn]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Cherrie in 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29912279|Yrsa Daley-Ward]]''
| akéwì
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Yrsa Daley Ward.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30228170|Delphine Diallo]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2018
|
|-
| [[Ade Hassan]]
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33141631|Sho Madjozi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Sho Madjozi March 2019.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Aya Nakamura]]
|
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Mali|Málì]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Aya Nakamura IMG 4756 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41221013|Adelle Onyango]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Adele Onyango on Hustle Yako.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42997985|Loza Maléombho]]''
|
| [[Côte d'Ivoire]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43396455|Asma Khalifa]]''
|
| [[Líbyà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44845816|Vanessa Kingori]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Vanessa Kingori at SXSW London June 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45354341|Kemiyondo Coutinho]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Playwright Kemiyondo Coutinho.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46067386|Maame Biney]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47031031|Adut Akech]]''
|
| [[Austrálíà]]<br/>[[Gúúsù Sudan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Adut Akech at Roberto Cavalli FW22.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Akuoma Omeoga]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50345169|Okwui Okpokwasili]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Okwui Okpokwasili in Visceral Disruptions.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50346875|Sarah Waiswa]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379528|Seko Shamte]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50720240|Lina Iris Viktor]]''
| Oṣere wiwo ara ilu Gẹẹsi-Liberia ti o da ni Ilu New York (ti a bi 1987)
| [[Liberia|Làìbéríà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51289615|Hania Morsi Fadl]]''
|
| [[Sudan]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Hania Morsi Fadl (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53567553|Duckie Thot]]''
|
| [[Austrálíà]]<br/>[[Gúúsù Sudan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Duckie Thot after fashion show.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54892135|Kasiva Mutua]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54896828|Velma Makhandia]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897214|Kahindo Mateene]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897483|Philomena Kwao]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| [[Jackie Aina]]
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017<br/>2018
| [[Fáìlì:Jackie Aina 2021 (3x4 cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898564|Tony Gum]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898628|Benny Bonsu]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898654|Agang Ditlhogo]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898803|Wayétu Moore]]''
|
|
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Wayétu Moore.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54899839|Lina Gadi]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54899918|Hanta Tiana Ranaivo Rajaonarisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54900027|Louise Umutoni]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907588|Eniola Mafe]]''
|
|
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Eniola Mafe in Geneva.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907679|Isis Nyong’o Madison]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907772|Michelle Ntalami]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907829|Tebogo Anna Mashego]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907935|Ebele Okobi]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Ebele Okobi at International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54908063|Sara Menker]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Sara Menker 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912300|Yagazie Emezi]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912328|Zim Flores]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912330|Evelyn Ngugi]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912341|Jojo Abot]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Jojo Abot.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914089|Tsitsi Masiyiwa]]''
|
| [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Mrs Tsitsi Masiyiwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914118|Graça Maria Sanches]]''
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914125|Moiyattu Banya]]''
|
| [[Siẹrra Léònè]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54915207|Sethembile Msezane]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Sethembile Msezane- Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921386|Ghada Wali]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921442|Kelechi Okafor]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921856|Katlego Kai Kolanyane-Kesupile]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Performance artist Kat Kai Koi-Kes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921998|Malin Fezehai]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54927244|Abrima Erwiah]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928547|Diana Opoti]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928698|Heroda Berhane]]''
|
| [[Ẹritrẹ́à]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928778|Hermon Berhane]]''
|
| [[Ẹritrẹ́à]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928956|Susy Oludele]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54929000|Sarah Diouf]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54931014|Amy Sall]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54932082|Solange Lusiku Nsimire]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54935401|Anyiko Owoko]]''
|
|
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Anyiko Owoko in the video 'Fena Gitu - I'm A Square Peg In A Round Hole'.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ainehi Edoro]]
| Marubuciyar Najeriya
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939026|Kay Oyegun]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| [[Nicole Amarteifio]]
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| [[Unoma Ndili Okorafor]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Unoma Okorafor at Gem Tech Awards 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953801|Joy Chebet Bii]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953914|Tshiamo Legoale]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954016|Amel Ben Abda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954376|Natsai Audrey Chieza]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954455|Baratang Miya]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954627|Urenna Onyewuchi]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54956679|Mennat El Ghalid]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54968655|Zintle Ntshikila]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974228|Jane Mukami]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974244|Simi Adeagbo]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974284|Joyline Cherotich]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974310|Winnie Okoth]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974345|Keolebogile Mokolopo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974949|Glory Okon Edim]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975165|Malebo Sephodi]]''
|
|
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975390|Koleka Putuma]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Koleka Putuma, P1080548.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975478|Upile Chisala]]''
|
| [[Màláwì]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55044984|Yasmin Belo-Osagie]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Gánà|Ghánà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55051826|Umra Omar]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55053089|Mari Malek]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Sudan]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55056554|Ammara Brown]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55056941|Makho Ndlovu]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057723|Zeinebou Mint Taleb Moussa]]''
|
| [[Mauritania|Mauritáníà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057812|Nunu Ntshingila-Njeke]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057843|Patricia Nzolantima]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057949|Karen Attiah]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Karen Attiah Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts - 37860453116 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057972|Yousra Elbagir]]''
|
| [[Sudan]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Yousra Elbagir at the International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia, Italy 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55058779|Clare Muhoro]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55080910|Adesuwa Aighewi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Adesuwa Aighewi Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56043265|Kawira Mwirichia]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| [[Teni (olórin)|Teni]]
| Akọrin obìnrin
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Teni à la célébration du Voudoun Days 2024 à Ouidah au Bénin (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58641607|Yomi Adegoke]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Yomi Adegoke at the 2024 Edinburgh International Book Festival 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58915901|Chidera Eggerue]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Chidera Eggerue November 2017.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58918446|Elizabeth Uviebinené]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60441895|Nadine Ijewere]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60836183|Muthoni Drummer Queen]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Festival des Vieilles Charrues 2019 - Muthoni Drummer Queen - 039.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61082400|Doreen Peter Noni]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61483352|Clemantine Wamariya]]''
|
| [[Rwanda|Rùwándà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Clemantine Wamariya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61746862|Moonchild Sanelly]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Moonchild Sanelly sings on preview of MTV Down South 2019.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Oyinkan Braithwaite]]
| Onkọ̀wé
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2020
| [[Fáìlì:Oyinkan Braithwaite1150112.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Amarachi Nwosu]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Amarachi-Nwoso-2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Kiki Mordi]]
| Nkiru "Kiki" Mordi jẹ akọroyin oniwadii ọmọ orilẹede Naijiria, okunrin oniroyin, onifiimu, onkowe ati otaja.
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2022
| [[Fáìlì:Kiki Mordi (Keynote Speaker) - 54310879195.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71960124|Ama Marfo]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71962455|Amy Aniobi]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71975784|Aweng Chuol]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Sudan]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71976238|Besidone Amoruwa]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71976585|Brenda Katwesigye]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| [[Bose Ogulu]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Bose Ogulu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71977385|Charlene Akuamoah]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71978867|Claude Lavie Kameni]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71979350|Cleopatra Kambugu Kentaro]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Cleopatra Kambugu Kentaro.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Dami Olonisakin]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| [[Damilola Odufuwa]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Dami Odufuwa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71981497|Chao Mbogo]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71982517|Soull Ogun]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71982639|Dynasty Ogun]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72048285|Fatuma Zarika]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72149956|Lillian Ahenkan]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72150351|Ifunaya Maduka]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72151308|Lucy Fye]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72151669|Anna Fye]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72151812|YaAdam Fye]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72152087|Jainaba Fye]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72154227|Grace Ladoja]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72154653|Hend Riad]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72154914|Mariam Hazem]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72156142|Iziegbe Odigie]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Trybedances Izzy Odigie NdaniTV Dec 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72157022|Jenn Nkiru]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72157232|Jessica Nabongo]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72160701|Karen Okonkwo]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72160878|Koketso Moeti]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72161059|Kovie Biakolo]]''
| Oníwé-Ìròyín
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72161461|Laylah Amatullah Barrayn]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72161724|Lee Litumbe]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72164228|Luam Keflezgy]]''
|
| [[Ẹritrẹ́à]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72164624|Manthe Ribane]]''
|
|
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Manthe Ribane, 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72165987|Mapule Ndhlovu]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72166398|Massah David]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72167178|Miatta Johnson]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72167940|Monica Ahanonu]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72169974|Nikiwe Diova]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72170463|Nyma Tang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Sudan]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72171565|Oronike Odeleye]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Oronike Odeleye for ArtsATL Kindle Award.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72171866|Penda N'diaye]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72172094|Phiona Okumu]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72172657|Refilwe Ledwaba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72177802|Shauna Barbosa]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72180840|Sherrie Silver]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72181398|Sisonke Msimang]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Sisonke Msimang - TEDxSoweto 2014 - arm raised (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72182118|Teni Adeola]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72182776|Tiffany Aliche]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72183276|Tsion Gurmu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184324|Sierra King]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184433|Brittany Spell]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184541|Maureen Nicol]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184713|Amina Cush]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184818|Zainab Aliyu]]''
|
|
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130752444|Ley Uwera]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Olóṣèlú ilẹ̀ Kóngò]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ley Uwera.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5834|Caster Semenya]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Caster Semenya (42411013704) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5998|Vivian Cheruiyot]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Vivian Cheruiyot Rio 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51700|Juliana Rotich]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Juliana Rotich - World Economic Forum on Africa 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q146776|Zanele Muholi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018<br/>2017
| [[Fáìlì:Zanele Muholi, 2011 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q229029|Thandiwe Newton]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Thandiwe Newton Peabody Awards, June 2021.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q230113|Gabourey Sidibe]]''
| Òṣèré Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè America
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Gabourey Sidibe at PaleyFest 2014 - 13491368805.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Akéwì ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:2025-06-16 Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie no Fronteiras do Pensamento 2025 em São Paulo, 013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Angélique Kidjo]]
|
| [[Benin]]<br/>[[Fránsì]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:25o Premio da Musica Brasileira (14004847740).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q237106|Marie NDiaye]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Marie Ndiaye 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Zara Mohamed|Iman]]
| Òṣèré Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè America
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Somalia|Sòmálíà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Iman 1996.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289462|Seun Adigun]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017<br/>2018
| [[Fáìlì:Seun Adigun in 2022.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q290220|Leila Aboulela]]''
|
| [[Sudan]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Leila Aboulela (2010).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q443884|Aïssa Maïga]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Aïssa Maïga, 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q445463|Mayra Andrade]]''
|
| [[Kepu Ferde (Cape Verde)|Kepu Ferde]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:.Mayra Andrade. (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452213|Francine Niyonsaba]]''
|
| [[Bùrúndì]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Francine Niyonsaba Rio 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457420|Wangechi Mutu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q467094|Oumou Sangaré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:(Oumou Sangaré) De la poesía a la música de raíz, sonidos de la segunda noche de San Isidro.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q510629|Jemima Sumgong]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:PortraitJemimaJelagatSumgongRio2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q636653|Danai Gurira]]''
| Òṣèré Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè America
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]
| 2017<br/>2019
| [[Fáìlì:Danai Gurira 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Fatoumata Diawara]]
| Òṣèrè, Olórin àti Akọ-orin láti ìlú u Málì
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Fatoumata Diawara Rudolstadt 11 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q773793|Sona Jobarteh]]''
|
| [[Gámbíà]]<br/>[[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2017<br/>2019
| [[Fáìlì:Aid for Trade Global Review 2017 – Day 1 Sona Jobarteh tuning kora.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1400134|Hedaya Malak]]''
|
| [[Ìjíptì|Ẹ́gíptì]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Hedaya Malak Rio2016b.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1475185|Kah Walla]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Kwalla.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2053031|Flaviana Matata]]''
|
| [[Tanzania|Tànsáníà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Flaviana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2514348|Titica]]''
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Titica por Rachel Teixeira.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2839100|Almaz Ayana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Almaz Ayana Beijing 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3439879|Rokhaya Diallo]]''
|
| [[Fránsì]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Europa21 - 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Ruth Negga]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''<br/>[[Írẹ́lándì]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Ruth Negga by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3566180|Wanuri Kahiu]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2018<br/>2019
| [[Fáìlì:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3614333|Aminatta Forna]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Aminatta Forna 5190258.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3658171|Phiona Mutesi]]''
|
| [[Uganda|Ùgándà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Phiona Mutesi 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Lupita Nyong'o]]
|
| [[Mẹ́ṣíkò|Mẹ́ksíkò]]<br/>[[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:MKr347546 Lupita Nyong'o (Jury, Berlinale 2024) crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3877423|Nnedi Okorafor]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018<br/>2017
| [[Fáìlì:Nnedi Okorafor at National Book Festival 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Adama Ndiaye]]
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Adama Paris Fashion Week 24 Nov 2016 on NdaniTV.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696644|Aida Muluneh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Aida Mulune.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696652|Aïda Touré]]''
|
| [[Gàbọ̀n]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4747087|Amma Asante]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Amma Asante at MIFF.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4945158|Unity Dow]]''
|
| [[Bòtswánà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Funmi Iyanda]]
| Oníwé-Ìròyín
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Funmi Iyanda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530444|Gelila Bekele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6079886|Isha Sesay]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>[[Siẹrra Léònè]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Nima Elbagir and Isha Sesay, May 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Simz kekere]]
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Little Simz - Openair Frauenfeld 2019 05.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6766135|Mariéme Jamme]]''
|
| [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]]<br/>[[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Web Summit 2018 - Forum Rostra - Day 2, November 7 SMX 0270 (30827501057).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6778538|Marwa Amri]]''
|
| [[Tunisia|Tùnísíà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6835591|Michaela DePrince]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Siẹrra Léònè]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:191008 Mind the Mind Now - 48865568151 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Mo Abudu|Mosunmola Abudu]]
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Mosunmola Abudu 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7037531|Nima Elbagir]]''
|
| [[Sudan]]<br/>[[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Nima Elbagir and Isha Sesay at the 74th Annual Peabody Awards.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Oby Ezekwesili]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili, 2009 World Economic Forum on Africa (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7423050|Saran Kaba Jones]]''
|
| [[Liberia|Làìbéríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Saran Kaba Jones.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Taiye Selasi]]
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:TaiyeSelasi P1030135.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7560413|Somi]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:SOMI, концерт в рамках фестиваля "Акваджаз" в "Зимнем театре".jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Terry Pheto]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Terry Pheto cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Tiwa Savage]]
| Òṣèré Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè America
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Tiwa Savage's studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7830609|Toyin Ojih Odutola]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13560267|Issa Rae]]''
| Òṣèré Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè America
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Issa Rae, producer, writer, and actress, at SXSW 2025 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Uzo Aduba]]
| òṣèré orí ìtàgé ọmọ ilẹ̀ Amẹ́ríkà
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Uzo Aduba 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16198724|Sanaa Benhama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16208867|Efya]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Efya at an event.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211105|Idil Ibrahim]]''
|
| [[Somalia|Sòmálíà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Idilibrahim1.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211548|Vanessa Mdee]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:VeeMoney.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16216180|Hodan Nalayeh]]''
|
| [[Somalia|Sòmálíà]]<br/>[[Kánádà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Hodan Nalayeh Somalia (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16231679|Rosalyn Gold-Onwude]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:RGOIndiana2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16231862|Amaka Osakwe]]''
| Aránṣọ
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16232420|Warsan Shire]]''
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16297487|Regina Agyare]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Regina Honu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727436|Farida Bedwei]]''
|
| [[Gánà|Ghánà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Farida Bedwei 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728813|Ilwad Elman]]''
|
| [[Somalia|Sòmálíà]]
| 2018<br/>2017
| [[Fáìlì:Ilwadelman2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731804|Thuli Madonsela]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Thuli Madonsela April 2014.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16745368|Khanyi Dhlomo]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Khanyi Dhlomo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16761673|Seinabo Sey]]''
|
| [[Swídìn]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Seinabo Sey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16821687|Semhar Araia]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Semhararwh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17022430|Faarrow]]''
|
|
| 2017
|
|-
| [[Toke Makinwa]]
| Onkọ̀wé
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:NdaniTV Toke Makinwa OAP Nov 2018.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17306137|Kelela]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Kelela Piknik i Parken 2018 (205003).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Asisat Oshoala]]
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Asisat Oshoala 2019 Champions League.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Yẹmí Àlàdé|Yemi Alade]]
| Akọrin obìnrin
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Yemi Alade studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18148871|Charlo Greene]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| [[Kemi Adetiba]]
| Olùdarí fídío orin ní Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Kemi Adetiba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18217812|Okwiri Oduor]]''
|
| [[Kenya|Kẹ́nyà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18534020|Maria Borges]]''
|
| [[Angola|Àngólà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Maria borges at 82nd Venice International Film Festival-3 (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18637243|Michaela Coel]]''
| òṣèré àti onkọ̀wé eré ti ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Michaela Coel Peabody Awards, June 2021.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18637627|Bonang Matheba]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Bonang Matheba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19513511|Monica Geingos]]''
|
| [[Namibia|Nàmíbíà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:MonicaGeingos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19589575|Émilie Béatrice Epaye]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àrin Áfríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Beatrice Epaye (Central African Republic) - International Women of Courage Awards 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19630433|Grace Mahary]]''
|
| [[Kánádà]]
| 2017
|
|-
| [[Ayọ Tometi]]
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]<br/>[[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Ayọ Tometi - 2021 (51648565860) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Bibi Bakare-Yusuf]]
| Onkọ̀wé
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20022984|Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]]''
|
| [[Mọ́rísì]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Julie Adenuga]]
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2019
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679792|Uche Eze]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| [[Pearl Thusi]]
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20975327|Ngozi Onwumere]]''
|
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20981886|Rapelang Rabana]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2017
| [[Fáìlì:Rapelang Rabana.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982032|Redi Tlhabi]]''
|
| [[Gúúsù Áfríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Redi Thlabi Mandela Washington Fellowship 2017 (34818508705).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
|
| [[Lèsóthò]]
| 2017
|
|-
| [[Cynthia Erivo]]
|
| [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Cynthia Erivo - Wicked-FYC-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097089|Vera Songwe]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Vera Songwe at the UK-Africa Investment Summit 2020 (49418317753) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097343|Haben Girma]]''
|
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Haben girma.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22277592|Anna Diop]]''
| Òṣèré Ọmọ Orílẹ̀-èdè America
| [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2019
| [[Fáìlì:Anna Diop (2016) (close-up).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Chika Oduah]]
| Akọ̀ròyìn ní Nàìjíríà
| [[Nàìjíríà]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|Àwọn Ìpínlẹ̀ Aṣọ̀kan Amẹ́ríkà]]
| 2018
| [[Fáìlì:Chika Oduah El Mundo Spain Madrid.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
1f5r2naa4cape6h042dpahar4v7p9tk
Oníṣe:GerardM/Provinces of Algeria
2
67069
622299
621918
2026-06-14T06:03:21Z
CommonsDelinker
91
Replacing 60_El_Abiodh_Sidi_Cheikh_Map_2026.png with [[File:69_El_Abiodh_Sidi_Cheikh_Map_2026.png]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · https://www.joradp.dz/
622299
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q240601 }
|section=
|sort=label
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Image
! Map
|-
| ''[[:d:Q188166|Adrar Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:GrandErgOccidental STS059-238-88.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-01 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956694|Aflou Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:59 Aflou Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141026|Algiers Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Alger-Aurore.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Alger in Algeria 2019.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q213944|Annaba Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Hippone.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-23 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q168953|Aïn Defla Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Région de Miliana.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-44 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136806466|Aïn Oussera Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:68 Ain Oussara Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233670|Aïn Témouchent Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Aïn Témouchent communes de la wilaya.png|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-46 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131588587|Barika Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q215452|Batna Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:The headquarters of the wilaya of Batna.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:05 Batna Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21606902|Beni Abbes Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Béni-Abbés Oued saoura.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-52 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956698|Bir El Ater Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:65 Bir El Ater Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458402|Biskra Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Dattes de Deglet nour à Tolga (Wilaya de Biskra).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-07 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233637|Blida Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Blidar.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-09 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76592938|Bordj Baji Mokhtar Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-50 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q266411|Bordj Bou Arréridj Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Bibanar.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-34 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131925452|Bou Saâda Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:64 Bou Saada Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233655|Bouira Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Assiflekhmis.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-10 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236752|Boumerdès Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Vue d'un village de Timezrit.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-35 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q215467|Béchar Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Béni-Abbés Oued saoura.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-08 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233665|Béjaïa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Siège de la wilaya de Béjaïa.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-06 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231752|Chlef Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Pont Baarge de Oued Fooda.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-02 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q232043|Constantine Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Pont El Kantara.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-25 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77101547|Djanet Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-56 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233233|Djelfa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Statue du mouton, Wilaya de Djelfa (Algérie).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-17 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956700|El Abiodh Sidi Cheikh Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:69 El Abiodh Sidi Cheikh Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235703|El Bayadh Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:El bayadh, centre ville , moment de la neige.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-32 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956697|El Kantara Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:62 El Kantara Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77103173|El M'Ghair Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-57 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76520264|El Meniaa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:El Golea-im-Tal(1586-19).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233651|El Oued Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Siège de la wilaya d'El Oued مقر ولاية الوادي.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-39 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236788|El Tarf Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:El tarf الطارف - مقر الولاية.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-36 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235727|Guelma Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Greater Guelma.jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-24 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233659|Illizi Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Elephant, Illizi, Algeria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-33 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77102475|In Guezzam Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:ASC Leiden - van Achterberg Collection - 01 - 05 - La rue principale d'In Guezzam, le dernier endroit avant la frontière avec le Niger - Guezzam, dans la province de Tamanrasset (wilaya), en Algérie, février 1985.tif|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-54 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76593022|In Salah Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-53 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235718|Jijel Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Corniche jijelienne 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-18 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q213950|Khenchela Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Mairie de Khenchela.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-40 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956695|Ksar Chellala Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956696|Ksar El Boukhari Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:66 Ksar El Boukhari Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231748|Laghouat Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Route el kheneg-Laghouat-Algeria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:03 Laghouat Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q240870|M'Sila Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:La porte du désert « Bou ssada ».jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-28 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236776|Mascara Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Les Monts Beni-Chougrane.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-29 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131588980|Messaad Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:69 Messaad Map 2026.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235723|Mila Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Une mangnific land scap a Wlad L kayam Mila - Algeria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-43 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q221445|Mostaganem Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Algerie mostaganem caid maison.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-27 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235810|Médéa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Autoroute Chiffa Berrouaghia الطريق السريع شفة البرواقية (48216292872).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-26 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233675|Naama Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:N47, Tiout, Algérie - panoramio (15).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-45 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231331|Oran Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Oran paysages.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-31 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235709|Ouargla Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Benaceur.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-30 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77105251|Ouled Djellal Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Col de Chaïba.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-51 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235705|Oum El Bouaghi Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Les hautes plaines sous la neige1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-04 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236758|Relizane Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Algérie 2006 049.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-48 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233640|Saïda Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Saida سعيدة - panoramio (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-20 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235714|Sidi Bel Abbès Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Belabes 1 سيدي بلعباس - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-22 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q234227|Skikda Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Skikda3.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-21 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q236772|Souk Ahras Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:منظر عام لمدينة سوق أهراس.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-41 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q237164|Sétif Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Vue aérienne de Sétif (Algérie).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-19 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q229467|Tamanrasset Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tahalra.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-11 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233258|Tiaret Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Retenue collinaire tawghazout frenda tiaret.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-14 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21606903|Timimoun Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Rouge timimoun.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-49 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231151|Tindouf Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Meteorite Tindouf NWA 869.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-37 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235814|Tipasa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ville de Tipaza.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-42 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q235805|Tissemsilt Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ouarsenis 2012, Wilaya de Tissemsilt (Algérie).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-38 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233645|Tizi Ouzou Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Beni Yenni.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-15 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q233632|Tlemcen Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-13 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77103880|Touggourt Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
|
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-55 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q267224|Tébessa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tébessa Province.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-12 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17601|Ghardaïa Province]]''
|
| [[Àlgéríà]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ksar Beni Isguen 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:DZ-47 (2019).svg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
c503ikf3c31q0uls7verft8saw3ioea
Oníṣe:GerardM/Districts of Ethiopia
2
67124
622271
622006
2026-06-13T15:55:42Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622271
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q690840 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q285109|Dita Dermalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|6.25|37.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895681|Bench]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|6.916667|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2910805|Boreda Abaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|6.33333|37.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3098702|Gaserana Gololcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120806|Gunagadow]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155132|Isara Tocha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|7|36.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3290399|Mareka Gena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|7.16667|37.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3304728|Meinit]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|6.5|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3484863|Sinanana Dinsho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3574678|Zala Ubamale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|6.08333|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6798096|Mayumuluka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13143559|Mennana Harena Buluk]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13143564|Metu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13143607|Mulona Sululta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13143795|Siyadebrina Wayu Ensaro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13145215|Wuchalena Jido]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13146114|Dugda Bora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13146482|Chiro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20624434|Kersana Kondaltiti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20625175|Berehna Aleltu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20626778|Adolana Wadera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20629906|Dodotana Sire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24032415|Pemba District]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|12.57|40.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55605786|Borena (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55611638|Fiiq (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55612795|Gonji Kolela (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55632278|Sabbataa Awaas (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61713239|Abadir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61713242|Shenkor Woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61713245|Aboker Woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61713246|Hakim Woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61713249|Sofi Woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108280853|Artuma Fursi Jilee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|10.5|39.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108280854|Jilee Dhummuugaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|10.29|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108280858|Dawa Chaffa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|10.82|39.81|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108281113|Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
| {{Coord|11|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110104370|Luude Hexosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15177743|Abala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1387874|Abala]]''
| {{Coord|13.355278|39.754722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Abala town.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56247985|Gambela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3575755|Administrative Zone 1]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257108|Semera Logia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q584224|Bare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.666667|42.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q682491|Guradamole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.083333|41.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1324250|Elekere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|42.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2825710|Afder]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.25|42.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962798|Cherti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.33972|41.8825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3034259|Dolobay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.583333|42.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3315775|Mirab Imi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.166667|42.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5586769|Goro Bekeksa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|41.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6394708|Kersa Dula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.75|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55607222|Cherati (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55613413|Hargelle (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809400|Baarey]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809404|Ceelgari]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809415|Iimey Galbeed]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809420|Raaso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.533333|41.783333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809424|Qooxle]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850318|Ankasha Guagusa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|36.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2882541|Banja]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.1667|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3013540|Dangila]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.25716|36.84118|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3064440|Faggeta Lekoma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.3333|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118745|Guangua]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|36.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4855807|Banja Shekudad]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5613294|Guagusa Shekudad]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6166113|Jawi district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55673671|Ayehu guagusa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3157020|Jabi Tehnan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203009|Amhara Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.8333|37.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200182|Kuarit]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203009|Amhara Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|37.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3567304|Mida Woremo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203009|Amhara Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.3333|38.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821681|Abobo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.833333|34.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3094932|Gambela Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.16667|34.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3109852|Gog]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.58333|34.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3183660|Jor]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|33.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5277708|Dimma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.16667|34.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609256|Debub Ari (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.833333|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55632840|Semen Ari (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.2|36.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134309374|Boko Dawula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134309692|Wub Ari]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q374201|Ziway Dugda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q740236|Assela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.95|39.133333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Asella Town, 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2646407|Bekoji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|39.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843318|Amigna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.833333|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2866446|Aseko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.416667|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2964388|Chole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|39.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027739|Digeluna Tijo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.733333|39.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3033675|Dodota]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|39.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3110313|Gololcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|40.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3138657|Hitosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.083333|39.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3176822|Jeju]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|39.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306658|Merti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.533333|39.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3327847|Munesa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.55|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3434318|Robe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.666667|39.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3479998|Seru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.666667|40.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481927|Sirka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.583333|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3502932|Sude]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|39.67|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3517952|Tena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|39.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3529978|Tiyo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|39.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4850656|Bale Gasegar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5276575|Diksis]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.016667|39.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5379022|Enkelo Wabe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|39.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5618457|Guna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|39.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6549969|Limuna Bilbilo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.45|39.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6698715|Lude Hitosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.066667|39.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7530072|Sire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.3|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257424|Askoo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257427|Asalla]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257456|Seeru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257461|Siree]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257467|Suudee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257471|Shirka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257476|Xiyo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2361764|Komesha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.17|34.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2866757|Asosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.166694|34.416694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2881768|Bambasi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|34.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198977|Kormuk]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|34.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3305834|Menge]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.3333|34.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3349066|Oda Buldigilu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.1667|35.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481925|Sherkole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.666667|34.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q720557|Asaita]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.566667|41.433333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Asaita City.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2825704|Afambo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.25|41.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Using camels to distribute long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) in Ethiopia (42464375665).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2866336|Asayita]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|41.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2963527|Chifra]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|40.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3040652|Dubti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.833333|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3050957|Elidar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|41.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3314275|Mille]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|40.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5311156|Dubti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.733333|41.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6432253|Kori]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.5|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55603180|Ada'ar (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.333333|40.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257126|Garani]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|41.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q745871|Goba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.016667|39.983333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Men at work in Goba.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826421|Agarfa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896892|Berbere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.66667|40.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3109573|Goba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|39.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3111360|Goro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7|40.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3303887|Meda Welabu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.75|39.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3434314|Robe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.116667|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5254300|Delo Menna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.416667|39.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5278718|Dinsho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.083333|39.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5526420|Gasera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.333333|40.166667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.33333|40.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7521774|Sinana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.083333|40.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15222316|Guradamole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|40.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16964887|Harena Buluk]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|39.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609174|Dawe Serara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257483|Agaarfaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257486|Barbaree]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257491|Diinsho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257497|Gindhir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257607|Gooba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481774|Sheko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]''
| {{Coord|7.05|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16979589|She Bench]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]''
| {{Coord|6.916667|35.816667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16995799|Semien Bench]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]''
| {{Coord|7.066667|35.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16999700|Guraferda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]''
| {{Coord|6.916667|35.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17063961|Debub Bench]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126919744|Mizan Aman]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]''
| {{Coord|6.966667|35.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q269545|Mao-Komo special woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q207635|Benishangul-Gumuz Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|34.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1551078|Pawe Special Woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q207635|Benishangul-Gumuz Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.333333|36.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2860849|Arero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.666667|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3029342|Dire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.25|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3326979|Moyale, Oromia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4|39.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3517432|Teltele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.83|37.417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3571228|Yabelo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16973161|Miyu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|3.75|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609596|Dillo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.25|37.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55612789|Gomole (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113509130|Dehas]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.166667|38.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124314207|Wacile]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124314282|Elowaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7698010|Tembaro Special Woreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q122415622|Central Ethiopia Regional State]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108303756|Shanto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5212917|Damot Pulasa]]''
| {{Coord|7.023056|37.863611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Shanto.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3258822|Loma Bosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.916667|37.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16980773|Tocha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.083333|37.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16992490|Mareka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.166667|37.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17037131|Loma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17037271|Isara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.883333|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17066240|Gena Bosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.233333|37.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127625265|Tarcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.15|37.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127652970|Gesa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.013889|37.275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q741581|Seden Sodo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.416667|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q940315|Dawo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2374856|Tole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841417|Amaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893465|Becho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3051784|Elu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3195526|Kersana Malima]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|38.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3565370|Waliso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|38.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3565377|Waliso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.533333|37.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3569781|Wonchi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.666667|37.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5586768|Goro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.416667|37.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7553400|Sodo Dacha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.533333|38.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2917913|Enderta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.5|39.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hauts plateaux entre Sekota et Mékélé (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Enderta.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021278|Dogu'a Tembien]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.65|39.166667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Trekking in woreda Dogu'a Tembien.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Degua Temben.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3135772|Hintalo Wajirat]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.1667|39.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Hauteurs de Mékélé 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Hintalo Wejirat.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470933|Samre]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.25|39.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Vallée des baobabs (8).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Saharti Samre.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2880293|Bako Gazer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.91667|36.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3110186|Jinka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.783333|36.566667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Jinka 03.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3126412|Hamer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200524|Kuraz]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.916667|36.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3478047|Selamago]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.916667|36.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4886778|Bena Tsemay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.5|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530443|Gelila]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.18333|36.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6742900|Male]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.833333|36.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15222658|Hamer Bena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.166667|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17037737|Nyangatom]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.133333|35.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609047|Dasenech (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.75|36.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q973048|Tenta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.3333|39.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841469|Ambassel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|39.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3020931|Debre Sina]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.9167|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3024609|Dessie Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.1667|39.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3160768|Jama]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.6667|39.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192267|Kalu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|39.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194835|Kelala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|38.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200672|Kutaber]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.3333|39.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3229039|Legambo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276653|Magdala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3474737|Sayint]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.25|38.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3517176|Tehuledere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|39.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3567070|Wegde]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.6667|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3567299|Warra Babo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.6667|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3567302|Were Ilu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.8333|39.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670562|Abuko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6517340|Legahida]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6809205|Mehal Sayint]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13146070|Dessie]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56605175|Kombolcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q616988|Alamata]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.3333|39.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Natural feature of Alamata.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q924840|Raya Azebo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.6667|39.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ET Afar-Tigray border Road to Berhale asv2018-01.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Raya Azebo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830419|Alaje]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13|39.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (8975869278).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Alaje.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053975|Endamehoni]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.75|39.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray (25913317117).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Endamehoni.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3349749|Ofla]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.5|39.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray Morning, Ethiopia (18810061714).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ofla.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4667098|Abergele, Amhara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.0902|38.9575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56247936|Alamata]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q616988|Alamata]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200127|Tigray Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.417528|39.558643|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56247942|Maychew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55624017|Mubaarak]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809390|Qadhaadhumo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100928375|Dimtu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5276377|Diguna Fango]]''
| {{Coord|6.931889|38.12775|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dimtu (Wolaita) Town.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q890726|Boh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.583333|46.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q954661|Werder]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|45.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3015349|Danot]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.833333|45.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100262|Geladin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.666667|46.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609018|Daratole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|45.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55612402|Geladi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56153258|Galxamur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.666667|47.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56153269|Lehel-Yucub]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|45.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q960789|Ginir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|7.08333|40.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3106775|Ginir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|7.139444|40.710833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3229049|Legehida]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|41.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3480862|Seweyna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|7.333333|41.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5242290|Dawe Kachen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|6.666667|40.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5580914|Gololcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|40.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13143704|Rayitu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]''
| {{Coord|6.894411|41.12895|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2869832|Atsbi Wenberta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|13.6667|39.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.67|39.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:North of Atsbi Derra in the direction of Idaga Hamus.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Atsbi Wenberta.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3095207|Ganta Afeshum]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|14.3333|39.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (11834467013).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ganta Afeshum.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120775|Gulomahda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|14.5|39.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (10587159784).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Gulomekeda.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3128790|Hawzen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|14|39.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TESFA trek (5498477203).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Hawzen.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3154504|Irob]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|14.5|39.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Irob boys in Alitena.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Irob.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461237|Saesi Tsaedaemba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|14.25|39.6667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.25|39.667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Countryside near Teka Tesfai - Ethiopia - 02 (8714484774).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Saesie Tsaedaemba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3570151|Kilte Awulaelo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
| {{Coord|13.75|39.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Abreha and Atsbeha Church 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Kelete Awelallo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56249658|Adigrat Town]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56605518|Adigrat]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56627987|Wukro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3072754|Fiq]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|42.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3126409|Hamero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.583333|42.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6471837|Lagahida mastar balayn]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|42|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.666667|41.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28233955|Qubi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55622534|Mayaa-muluqo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|42.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55637307|Waangaay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55638069|Yaxoob]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q764231|Chiro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|40.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q974511|Masela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|8.833333|41.083333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|8.83|41.083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2382572|Doba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2391504|Tulo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|9.17|41|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.16|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2909209|Boke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|8.33333|40.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2963919|Chiro Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|9.088889|40.869444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3016437|Darolebu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|8.16667|40.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118829|Guba Koricha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|8.95|40.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125408|Habro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|40.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200454|Kuni]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|8.666667|40.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3312794|Mieso, Oromia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|40.6334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4752601|Anchar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530589|Gemechis]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56249628|Bedessa Town]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260874|Shanan Dhuuggoo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260881|Gumbii Bordode]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q656780|Babille, Somali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.16667|42.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q755763|Jijiga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.35|42.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Jijiga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1627555|Kebri Beyah]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.1|43.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2874676|Awbere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.583333|43.083333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aw Barre countryside2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120968|Gursum, Somali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.216667|42.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3127958|Harshin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.16667|43.6667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.083333|43.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3178653|Jijiga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.333333|42.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194591|Kebri Beyah]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|43.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25683086|Tuliguled]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|42.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55612785|Goljano]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|42.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55613433|Haroorayso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.366667|43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55624078|Mula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.733333|43.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115862016|Togo Wuchale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.594444|43.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1249786|Aura]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|40.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1268669|Teru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.75|40.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3061682|Ewa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12|40.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120758|Gulina]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3443017|Yalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.666667|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q791636|Awash]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|8.994444|40.166667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Awash-Route (4).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843213|Amibara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|40.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2861034|Argoba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.55|39.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2874673|Awash Fentale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|9.1|40.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2928329|Bure Mudaytu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|10.333333|40.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3041120|Dulecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|40.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3104708|Gewane]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|40.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257129|Canruka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q626861|Arba Minch]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.033333|37.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Skyline view of AMU1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2859603|Arba Minch Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|37.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2910188|Bonke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.916667|37.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962626|Chencha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|37.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962633|Chencha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|37.566667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Chencha, Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194971|Kemba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|37.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200189|Kucha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|37.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15203470|Boreda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16977993|Dita]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|37.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16992423|Deramalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|37.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17025457|Mirab Abaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|37.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133872959|Kemba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.058333|37.175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q567928|Bule]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q905423|Dila]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.4125|38.311667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2600425|Irgachefe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.158134|38.203239|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198166|Kochere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3567215|Wenago]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572300|Yirgachefe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.166667|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5276653|Dila Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.383333|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5529668|Gedeb]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.916667|38.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133149528|Gedeb]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.916667|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133159661|Chelelektu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.004167|38.154167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2927964|Bulki]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16979432|Geze Gofa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.286111|36.809722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3305251|Melokoza]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3474658|Sawla]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.3|36.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7876379|Uba Debretsehay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.1|36.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8065273|Zala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.3|37.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16977708|Oyda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.2|36.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16979432|Geze Gofa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17000114|Demba Gofa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824689|Adola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|39.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2910804|Bore]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196325|Kebri Mangest]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.883333|38.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3237714|Liben]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.25|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3349300|Odo Shakiso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.583333|38.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3552120|Uraga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.083333|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5277133|Dima]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5564315|Girja]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7959167|Wadera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.833333|39.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55603877|Ana Sora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.25|38.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55613410|Harenfema]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56581969|Kebri Mangest]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110104397|Saba Boru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.5|38.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113530275|Goro Dola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.5|39.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257784|Gumi Eldalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q728301|Goro, SNNPR]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.33333|37.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1110026|Welkite]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.283333|37.783333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2928812|Butajira]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.116667|38.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962073|Cheha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3054076|Enemorina Eaner]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120794|Gumer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.95|38.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198372|Kokir Gedebano]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306850|Meskanena Mareko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.16667|38.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4667233|Abeshge]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.3|37.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5376006|Endegagn]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.85|37.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5376121|Endibir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.11666|37.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5423261|Ezha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.15|37.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6758933|Mareko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122415622|Central Ethiopia Regional State]]''
| {{Coord|8|38.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7553234|Soddo Wereda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.3|38.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15253216|Meskane]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.133333|38.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16969182|Geta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.916667|37.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16977966|Muhor Na Aklil]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.233333|38.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24032667|Ejana Ewlnie]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|38.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126000294|Bui]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.316667|38.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2754082|Hosaena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122415622|Central Ethiopia Regional State]]''
| {{Coord|7.55|37.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2878580|Badawacho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.16667|37.9167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.1667|37.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198795|Konteb]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3241174|Limo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.583333|37.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3491240|Soro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|37.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4750395|Ana Lemo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.633333|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5314035|Duna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.316667|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559080|Gibe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.666667|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5581189|Gomibora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.55|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6872257|Mirab Badawacho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.166667|37.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6875449|Misha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.7|37.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6875928|Misraq Badawacho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.166667|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7490575|Shashogo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48724387|Shone]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.133333|37.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128799794|Jajura]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.455556|37.694444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128907384|Ameka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.783333|37.783333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q129932801|Mirab Soro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q129933852|Siraro Badawacho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.116667|38.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2865907|Dalifage]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|40.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3019225|Dewe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|40.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3443013|Simurobi Gele'alo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|10|40.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3443041|Telalak]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|11.166667|40.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514202|Hadale'ela Afar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|10.333333|40.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2874667|Aware]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.58333|44|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021240|Degehabur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|43.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021241|Degehamedo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3316352|Misraq Gashamo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.117222|45.346111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25683507|Gunagado]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.8|43.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55604116|Araarso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55605440|Bilcil buur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55605493|Bir-qod]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609562|Dig (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55638106|Yoocaale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55809555|Dhagax Madow]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2820216|Abay Chomen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|37.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821455|Abe Dongoro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|36.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844534|Amuru Jarte]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.83333|37.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118854|Guduru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|37.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3178990|Jimma Rare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|37.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481302|Shambu city]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.566667|37.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4749007|Amuru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5636596|Hababo Guduru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5904664|Horo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|37.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6159615|Jardega Jarte]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.9|37.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16999696|Jimma Genete]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.383333|37.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257786|Coman Guduru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2654779|Gechi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2832369|Ale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893561|Bedele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.45|36.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893564|Bedele Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|36.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2928317|Bure, Oromia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|35.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2964481|Chora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3016116|Darimu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021233|Dega]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|36.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3026870|Didessa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.083333|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307516|Metu Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3343373|Nono Sele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.9|35.283333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3504035|Supena Sodo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|35.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572032|Yayu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.166667|36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4723965|Alge Sache]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4903612|Bicho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4913557|Bilo Nopha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4944800|Borecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5094504|Chewaka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|36.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5207520|Dabo Hana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.666667|36.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5274247|Didu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5297724|Doreni]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.683333|38.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5935367|Huka Halu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6739829|Mako]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.683333|36.016667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16957182|Hurumu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q304246|Sigmo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.833333|36.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q666087|Mana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q693640|Sokoru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.016667|37.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1110037|Agaro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.85|36.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2376156|Setema]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|36.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021096|Dedo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3103838|Gera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.666667|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3110373|Gomma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.833333|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3195518|Kersa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|37.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3241122|Limmu Kosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3241125|Limmu Sakka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3352093|Omo Nada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|37.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3477985|Seka Chekorsa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.583333|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3529396|Tiro Afeta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.917|37.33|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5104933|Chora Botor]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.366667|37.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5618018|Guma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.95|36.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7492254|Shebe Senbo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56460844|Agaro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826358|Agalo Mite]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895030|Belo Jegonfoy]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.33333|36.1667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.33333|36.16667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3485240|Sirba Abbay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.25|35.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3571933|Yaso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10|36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17447305|Kamashi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q977149|Bonga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.266667|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962612|Chena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.15|35.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3020994|Decha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|36.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3104464|Gesha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.6|35.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3106709|Ginbo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.333333|36.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306009|Menjiwo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|36.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3517418|Telo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.116667|36.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5554941|Gewata]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7429236|Sayilem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.8|35.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16258006|Cheta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|36.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16979178|Bita]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.383333|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56249366|Bonga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127429313|Wacha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.15|35.816667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297248|Masha Anderacha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194654|Keficho Shekicho Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.58333|35.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2563156|Dembi Dollo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.535278|34.800278|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Saio heights in Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2849236|Anfillo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.566667|34.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3012309|Dale Lalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|35.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3099626|Gawo Dale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|35.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3128735|Hawa Welele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.58333|35.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3178988|Jimma Gidami]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|34.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3474740|Sayo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|34.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5210625|Dale Sedi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.933333|35.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5210678|Dale Wabera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.933333|35.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5528474|Gawo Kebe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|34.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5559484|Gidami]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|34.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5684158|Hawa Gelan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.633333|34.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6199291|Jimma Horo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|34.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6480552|Lalo Kile]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.866667|35.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8052059|Yemalogi Welele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.733333|34.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2849247|Angacha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.333333|37.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3041503|Durame]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.245833|37.904167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3191725|Kacha Bira]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194600|Kedida Gamela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.266667|37.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3352090|Omo Sheleko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3482296|Shinshicho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.205556|37.777778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5212097|Damboya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.366667|37.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5303805|Doyogena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.366667|37.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5637765|Hadero Tunto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1387874|Abala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|13.5|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2825718|Afdera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|13.25|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896857|Berhale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|13.833333|40.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Entre Berhale et Ahmed Ela (1).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3012486|Dallol]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|14.25|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3056069|Erebti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|13.25|40.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ET Afar asv2018-01 img91 Erebti.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198642|Koneba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|13.916667|39.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3304289|Megale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|13.166667|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4904270|Bidu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]''
| {{Coord|12.916667|41.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108208234|Bale Hawassa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3196964|Kindo Koysha]]''
| {{Coord|6.923055|37.52703|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bale Hawaasa Ambbaa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q614650|Kebri Dahar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.733333|44.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3020822|Debeweyin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.166667|44.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194593|Kebri Dahar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.916667|44.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481773|Shekosh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|44.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Shekosh town.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3482097|Shilavo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|45.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55605745|Boodaley (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55606809|Ceel-Ogadeen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55613738|Higloley (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55616269|Kudunbuur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55616437|Laas-dhankayre]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55622281|Marsin (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q779527|Filtu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.166667|41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3034264|Dolo Odo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.41667|41.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3326978|Moyale, Somali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.166667|40.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7877179|Udet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.416667|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104817057|Bokolmayo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''
| {{Coord|4.5|41.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132157192|Deka Suftu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5|40|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q631190|Werie Lehe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14|39.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray Morning, Ethiopia (10581494826).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Werei Leke.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q924874|Abergele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.3333|38.8333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.33|38.83|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:View from Debre Sema'it to Agbe lowlands.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tanqua Abergele.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2376195|Adwa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.25|38.9167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ET Tigray asv2018-01 img46 Adwa.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Adwa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3055091|Enticho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.3333|39.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (11834467013).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ahferom.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198433|Kola Tembien]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.6667|38.9167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Escarpment, Tigray (8215920137).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Kola Temben.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3206236|La'ilay Maychew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.166667|38.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Small Steles near Aksum.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Laelay Maychew.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306441|Mereb Lehe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14|39.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray Near Yeha Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Mereb Leke.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335012|Naeder Adet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.8333|38.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (8204101287).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Naeder Adet.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513941|Tahtay Maychew]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.1135|38.587667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (8205210356).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tahtay Maychew.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56524196|Adwa town]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56524220|Axum town]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109592123|Tanqua Millash]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.555|39.024|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q539919|Dangur]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|35.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q630528|Dibate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|36.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2927925|Bulen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.545|35.975|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.58333|35.91667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118828|Guba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.3333|35.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285608|Mandura]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3567218|Wenbera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|35.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3109736|Godere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6826648|Mezhenger Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.266667|35.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6816985|Mengesh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6826648|Mezhenger Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1445950|Tsegede]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.5|37.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Scenery en route from Gondar to Shire - Tigray Province - Ethiopia - 02 (8698438949).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tsegede.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894601|Wolkait]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.75|37.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Scenery en route from Gondar to Shire - Tigray Province - Ethiopia - 01 (8698440417).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Welkait.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3191840|Kafta Humera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14|37|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hillside Farm, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia (3134129470).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Kafta Humera.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56628140|Humera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q682810|Sekela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.983333|37.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2354276|Finote Selam]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.7|37.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2823009|Achefer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.6|36.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824322|Yilmana Densa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.25|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2879292|Bahir Dar Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|37.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2928321|Bure Wemberma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.6667|36.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.66667|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021230|Dega Damot]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.85|37.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3022069|Dembecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.566667|37.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306257|Mecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.416667|37.166667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.41667|37.16667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4998325|Bure, Gojjam]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.666667|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5248632|Debub Achefer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.433333|36.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5581411|Goncha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.083333|37.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7449410|Semien Achefer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.633333|36.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7982169|Wemberma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.633333|36.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q987235|Gimbi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|35.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2875010|Ayra Guliso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|35.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893815|Begi, Oromia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.383333|34.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2909148|Boji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3106653|Gimbi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.133333|35.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3127995|Haru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|35.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3162805|Jarso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.333333|35.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3216542|Lalo Asabi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285143|Mana Sibu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3305771|Mendi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.8|35.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3337870|Nejo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.566667|35.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3342884|Nole Kaba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|35.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3573095|Yubdo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.966667|35.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4831646|Ayra]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|35.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4837972|Babo Gambela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|35.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4938667|Boji Chokorsa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.3|35.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4938669|Boji Dirmaji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.416667|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5617682|Guliso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|35.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5887305|Homa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|35.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6408249|Kiltu Kara district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.716667|35.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6428936|Kondala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.35|34.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7429268|Sayo Nole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.833333|35.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55612440|Genji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|35.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2399966|Baso Liben]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.1667|37.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2874652|Awabel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2901588|Bibugn]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|37.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3020793|Debay Telatgen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|37.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021379|Dejen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.3333|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053701|Enarj Enawga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.8333|38.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053710|Enbise Sar Midir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.0833|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3054081|Enemay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.6667|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3110437|Goncha Siso Enese]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.1667|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3122373|Gozamin]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3143013|Hulet Ej Enese]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.25|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3274259|Machakel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.6667|37.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481695|Shebel Berenta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|38.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4761574|Aneded]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5248541|Debre Elias]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7521734|Sinan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55719612|Debre Marqos]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2877864|Babille]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.666667|42.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893566|Bedeno]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|41.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021070|Deder]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|41.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.25|41.33|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3067952|Fedis]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.83333|42|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3107593|Girawa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.91667|41.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3109968|Gola Oda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.41667|41.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3111366|Goro Gutu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.33333|41.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120969|Gursum]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.333333|42.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3127565|Haro Maya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.365278|41.987222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3162804|Jarso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.55|42.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3195516|Kersa, Hararge]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|41.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198528|Kombolcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.438611|42.121389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200537|Kurfa Chele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|41.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3282150|Malka Balo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.833333|41.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307179|Meta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.345556|41.5075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5100089|Chinaksen]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6826583|Meyumuluke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13146400|Gola Odana Meyumuluke]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55623083|Midega Tola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.868889|42.123333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257632|Midhega Tola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257648|Qumbii]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q740499|Bishoftu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|38.983333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lake Hora.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Bishoftu volcanic field.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2422429|Boset]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.66667|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2570767|Batu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.933333|38.716667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ethiopia central lakes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2823862|Ada'a]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|38.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824040|Adama Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.45|39.283333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824059|Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|38.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3041004|Dugda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.16667|38.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068406|Fentale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|39.83|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Lac Basaka (1).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3106655|Gimbichu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.833333|39.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3258847|Lome]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.583333|39.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4944247|Bora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.3|38.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6540513|Liben]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.55|38.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56581277|Batu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q303892|Wama Bonaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q376295|Nekemte]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|36.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nekemte.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q787088|Ibantu District]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10|36.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2902631|Bila Seyo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.16667|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027724|Diga Leka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.83333|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3105402|Gida Kiremu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|35.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3121423|Guto Wayu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.16667|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3178986|Jimma Arjo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.666667|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3178989|Jimma Horo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.33333|37.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3241124|Limmu District]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.833333|36.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3346443|Nunu Kumba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473789|Sasiga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3482960|Sibu Sire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|36.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4941221|Bonaya Boshe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5275497|Diga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|36.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5575602|Gobu Seyo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.1|36.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5621831|Guto Gida]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5659805|Haro Limmu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.833333|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6520555|Leka Dulecha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.9|36.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7966892|Wama Hagalo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.8|36.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7976892|Wayu Tuka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.133333|36.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16965400|Gudeya Bila]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.333333|37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56653589|Nekemte]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116754025|Gida Ayana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.833333|36.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q120359403|Kiremu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10|36.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257721|Kiramu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257741|Gobu Sayo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257747|Gudaya Bila]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257754|Gudaya Jare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027868|Dihun]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131455831|Nogob]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|42.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3104011|Gerbo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.333333|43.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3477732|Segeg]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.5|42.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7403455|Salahad]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.416667|42|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55604587|Ayun (woreda)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55613944|Hora-shagax]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131433801|Elwayne]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131433810|Hararey]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133891847|Gofa Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478427|North Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|36.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2829104|Akobo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.916667|33.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3178655|Jikawo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|33.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6488866|Lare]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.316667|33.933333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7982975|Wentawo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.333333|33.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110104364|Makuey]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.25|33.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24032928|Yaya Gulele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|38.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257415|Aminyaa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257431|Baale Gasgar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257435|Coole]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257438|Guuna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257445|Roobe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257623|Dubuluk]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257641|Goro Muti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257671|Dire Xiyara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257685|Boora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257763|Gida Kiramu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257778|Dama]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257781|Aga Wayu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257814|Horo Buluq]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260786|Botor Xolay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260799|Mancho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260802|Bacho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260808|Omo Beyan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260837|Heeban Arssi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124260861|Wando]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124284672|Cobii]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124314310|Debra Libanos]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2597088|Akaki]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''<br/>[[Addis Ababa]]
| {{Coord|8.75|38.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2832643|Sebeta Hawas]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|8.75|38.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896994|Bereh]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3139315|Holeta Genet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|9.05|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3327625|Sululta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3476942|Sebeta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|38.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3478522|Sendafa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|9.15|39.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3565576|Walmara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|9.083333|38.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6934311|Mulo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
| {{Coord|9.333333|38.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56605479|Sebeta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2865904|Artuma Fursina Jile]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|39.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2891333|Bati]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.3333|39.8333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.333333|39.833333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.33|39.83|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962056|Chefe Golana Dewerahmedo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194987|Kamisee]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.716667|39.87|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4801577|Artuma Fursi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.4|40.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5242258|Dawa Harewa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.73|40.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6192660|Jile Timuga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.19059|40.02182|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17037352|Dawa Chefe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.999944|39.757|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Chaffa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56627958|Kemise]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55757691|Amaro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55757445|Segen Area Peoples Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.833333|37.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55757706|Burji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55757445|Segen Area Peoples Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.483333|37.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55757708|Derashe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55757445|Segen Area Peoples Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.65|37.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2391483|Qwara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.5|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824138|Addi Arkay]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.6667|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2832403|Alefa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|36.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.25|36.33333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894304|Belessa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|37.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894614|Wegera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13|37.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899109|Chilga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.75|36.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900447|Beyeda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.5|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3011586|Dabat]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.1667|37.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3020792|Debarq]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.3333|37.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3022072|Dembiya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.6667|37.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3110446|Gondar Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.6667|37.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3161614|Jan Amora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.983333|38.116667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3219954|Lay Armachiho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13|37.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307331|Metemma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13|36.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3472289|Sanja]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.3333|36.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6872258|Mirab Belessa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6875929|Misraq Belessa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7673687|Tach Armachiho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7678612|Takusa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.0324|36.9466|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7694682|Tegeda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849508|Tselemt]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.616667|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17094051|Mirab Armachiho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20630077|Gondar]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.6|37.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55720797|Kuara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q568652|Medebay Zana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14|38.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Vallée des baobabs (6).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Medebay Zana.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2866634|Asigede Tsimbela]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14|38|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dogua Tembien.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Asgede Tsimbila.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3206235|La'ilay Adiyabo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.333333|38.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Vallée des baobabs (7).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:La'ilay Adiyabo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513939|Tahtay Adiyabo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.3333|37.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513942|Tahtay Koraro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|14.1667|38.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TESFA trek (5499070386).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tahtay Koraro.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541485|Tselemti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.6667|38.1667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:View from Daniel Korkor 032018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tselemti.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56653696|Shiraro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56653699|Shire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2849718|Angolalla Terana Asagirt]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.66667|39.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850353|Ankober]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|39.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857654|Antsokiyana Gemza]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|39.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896993|Berehet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.33333|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3020926|Basona Werana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.83333|39.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.8333|39.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3049100|Efratana Gidim]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|39.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3103836|Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|39.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3104466|Geshe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125694|Hagere Mariamna Kesem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.216667|39.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3195845|Kewet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.1667|39.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3219955|Merhabete]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.083333|39.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276482|Termaber]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.849722|39.7325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3284756|Mam Midrina Lalo Midir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.25|39.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306002|Minjarna Shenkora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.16667|39.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323932|Moretna Jiru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.95|39.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3485774|Ensaro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.83333|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4763758|Angolalla Tera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4803321|Asagirt]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6817697|Menz Gera Midir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6817699|Menz Keya Gebreal]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6817700|Menz Lalo Midir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6817703|Menz Mam Midir]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6894976|Mojana Wadera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.966667|39.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7533309|Siyadebrina Wayu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56489743|Fiche]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56611674|Debre Berhan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q972313|Habru]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|39.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1529783|Wadla]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.8333|38.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2378407|Guba Lafto]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12|39.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2927733|Bugna]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.3333|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3019273|Dawuntna Delant]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3105404|Gidan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|39.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198140|Kobo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3304812|Meket]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5242718|Dawunt]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5253165|Delanta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.5932|39.2125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6494931|Lasta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.038056|38.991611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56628071|Weldiya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q744673|Gode]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.95|43.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3013297|Danan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.75|43.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068770|Ferfer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.25|45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3109692|Gode]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.166667|43.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194834|Kelafo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.333333|44.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3328887|Mustahil]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.416667|44.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4678347|Adadle]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.5|43.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6003977|Imiberi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.666667|42.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30674531|Beercaano]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124289923|Elele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124289929|Abaaqoorow]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1266796|Ambo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.983333|37.85|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambo ethiopia steffenwurzel.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824131|Adda Berga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|38.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842131|Ambo Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|37.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2880302|Bako Tibe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|37.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2962195|Cheliya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3015333|Dano]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.733333|37.283333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3022296|Dendi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.916667|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3049548|Ejerie]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|38.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3106713|Ginde Beret]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|37.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3176850|Jeldu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307182|Meta Robi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.416667|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3343374|Nono]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.5|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3528408|Tikur Enchini]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.833333|37.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670620|Abuna Ginde Beret]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.616667|37.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5359876|Elfata]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.166667|37.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6192004|Jibat]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.716667|37.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6841084|Midakegn]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.133333|37.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7813527|Toke Kutaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9|37.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55609664|Dire Enchini]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124284686|Liban Jawwi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1067163|Tepi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.2|35.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572097|Yeki]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.266667|35.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6783045|Masha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|35.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6783048|Masha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.733333|35.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16251171|Anderacha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.566667|35.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q784515|Yaya Gulelena Debre Liban]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.583333|38.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821604|Abichuna Gne'a]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.633333|39.283333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3023542|Dera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|10.166667|38.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3073074|Fiche]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.8|38.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100103|Degem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|38.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3103930|Gerar Jarso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.833333|38.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3135217|Hidabu Abote]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.833333|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194974|Kembibit]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.416667|39.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3200732|Kuyu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|38.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3566240|Wara Jarso]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.95|38.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3570146|Wuchale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.416667|38.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4716049|Aleltu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.25|39.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5248544|Debre Libanos]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|38.833333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Canyon, Debre Libanos, Ethiopia - panoramio - MarcD..jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6192157|Jido]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|9.416667|39.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126037817|Shararo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q930894|Aroresa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2832860|Aleta Wendo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.583333|38.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2859634|Arbegona]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.666667|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2874668|Awasa Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|7|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896693|Bensa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|38.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3012279|Dale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.75|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3015970|Dara]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|38.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3142991|Hula]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.58333|38.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481692|Shebedino]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4941052|Bona Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4945120|Boricha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.916667|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5000548|Bursa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.6|38.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5091869|Chere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.5|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5116034|Chuko]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.6|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5584573|Gorche]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|38.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6743190|Malga]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.916667|38.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7982955|Wensho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.75|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8031941|Wondo Genet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|7.066667|38.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17046109|Loko Abaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]''
| {{Coord|6.666667|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3012537|Dalocha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|38.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3217166|Lanfro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|38.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483940|Silte]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.916667|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3569881|Worabe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.85|38.183333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4726216|Alicho Werero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8|38.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6872256|Mirab Azernet Berbere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|37.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6875925|Misraq Azernet Berbere]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.783333|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7418776|Sankurra]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.583333|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8039151|Wulbareg]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126013611|Tora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.86|38.42|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126013805|Kibet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|8.024722|38.328611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126085684|Mito]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.666667|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126086983|Misraq Silti]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.916667|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289859|Ayesha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|42.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2825709|Afdem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.25|41.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3022070|Dembel]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.833333|42.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3056135|Erer]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|41.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3312793|Mieso, Somali]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.5|40.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3482214|Shinile]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.75|42|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56153235|Hadhagaale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.333333|42.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56153242|Geblalu]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|10.666667|41.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56153244|Gota biki]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.666667|41.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124289941|Shabeeley]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.1|42.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124289947|Harawo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]''
| {{Coord|9.8|42.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2920079|Fogera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.9667|37.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3023544|Dera]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|37.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3046799|Ebenat]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.1667|38.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3058857|Este]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.6667|38.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3067029|Farta]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194976|Kemekem]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.3333|37.6667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.33|37.67|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3219956|Lay Gayint]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12|38.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3484086|Simada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.5|38.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513588|Tach Gayint]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|38.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6872259|Mirab Este]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.383333|37.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6875931|Misraq Este]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
| {{Coord|11.583333|38.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56605421|Debre Tabor]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3021287|Dehana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]''
| {{Coord|12.6667|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3491118|Soqota]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13|38.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575528|Zikuala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]''
| {{Coord|13.1667|38.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5529030|Gazbibla]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7446487|Sehala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56611617|Soqota]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q662736|Seraro]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''
| {{Coord|7.166667|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q731020|Shashamane]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.2|38.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Shashemene.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2381608|Adaba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
| {{Coord|7|39.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2864413|Arsi Negele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
| {{Coord|7.33333|38.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3033674|Dodola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.983333|39.183333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3033676|Dodola]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|39.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100056|Gedeb Hassasa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.166667|39.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198251|Kofele]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''
| {{Coord|7.066667|38.833333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198395|Kokosa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|38.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3338054|Nensebo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.583333|39.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3481547|Shashamene Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|38.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6431569|Kore]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.25|39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7487115|Shala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.333333|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100263|Abaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|38.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125691|Bule Hora]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.583333|38.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5312499|Dugda Dawa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.383333|38.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530360|Gelana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5644196|Hambela Wamena]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6|38.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6393737|Kercha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.783333|38.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20622016|Malka Soda]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3032672|Maji]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.916667|35.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3505376|Surma]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|5.95|35.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16254391|Bero]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.333333|35.166667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17044358|Meinit Goldiya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.8|35.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17073740|Meinit Shasha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.583333|35.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965112|Boditi]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.952778|37.855556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2909507|Boloso Sore]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.08333|37.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3012969|Damot Gale]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.966667|37.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3012972|Damot Weyde]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.9224|37.9506|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Damot Weyide.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3143230|Humbo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.666667|37.716667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Humbo District.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196964|Kindo Koysha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.9252|37.5767|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bale Hawaasa Ambbaa ogiya.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3349510|Oofa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.7088|37.5458|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ofa District.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3488785|Sodo Zuria]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.833333|37.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sooddo Yuushuwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4788771|Areka]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.066667|37.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Araka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4940000|Boloso Bombe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.083333|37.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Boloso Bombe District.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5212917|Damot Pulasa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.033333|37.833333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Daamoota Pullaasa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5212918|Damot Sore]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.95|37.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Daamota Soore.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5276377|Diguna Fango]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.962913|37.997593|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Diguna Fango,.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6410633|Kindo Didaye]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.75|37.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kindo Didaye Coal.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91353166|Bedessa]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.880308|37.93361|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108166787|Gununo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.927569|37.652715|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gununo city view.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108239161|Tabala]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.706667|37.769444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108293179|Gesuba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.724167|37.556667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gasuba.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108649302|Bayra Koysha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.80696|37.605|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bayra Koysha.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108649303|Kawo Koysha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.7646|37.4495|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108649310|Abala Abaya]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.616667|37.85|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Abala Abaya 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109284466|Hobicha]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|6.76511|37.87588|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hobicha District Land form.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109286637|Bombe]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]''
| {{Coord|7.138696|37.581116|display=inline}}
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
olvuq78eijycyjkd18n118gp6i7ogbj
Oníṣe:GerardM/Communes of Madagascar
2
67163
622290
622145
2026-06-14T03:55:06Z
CommonsDelinker
91
Removing [[:c:File:Jardin_de_la_Mer,_Tuléar_(Toliara).jpg|Jardin_de_la_Mer,_Tuléar_(Toliara).jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 6 June 2026.
622290
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q3192808 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2039276|Bemolanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-17.788611|45.120833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830423|Alakamisikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-19.13|47.11|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844117|Ampasambazimba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-16.3179|47.833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7687864|Tatao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108329|Mamoriarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65308152|Marotolana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109827204|Antaramena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
|
| {{Coord|-22.641|46.893|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125698314|Ilakaka Be]]''
|
|
|
| {{Coord|-22.766|45.346|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105635|Ambatoharanana, Anosibe An'ala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6426|48.105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16465943|Anosibe An'ala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4311|48.2072|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.4316|48.2071|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q338916|Ambohimandroso, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.883|46.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842075|Ambinanindovoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9167|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842080|Ambinaniroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.65|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842218|Ambohimahamasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.935|47.185|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village d'Iharondahy, à l'ouest d'Ambohimahamasina.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846209|Andrainjato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.933|46.983|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850249|Anjoma]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.217|46.917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850278|Ankaramena, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.949|46.6375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899874|Besoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.909|46.775|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068386|Fenoarivo, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|46.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147364|Iarintsena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.827|46.88|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3197305|Kirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.833|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277663|Mahazony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9833|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285219|Manamisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.767|46.967|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vin Soavita Château Verger.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307905|Miarinarivo, Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-22.083|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3478535|Sendrisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-22.004|46.952|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562134|Vohitsaoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0335|46.7167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohitsaoka transfer.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q268221|Maherivaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.5|48.667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456642|Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.678611|48.452222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Antsiranana Ambanja.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1184635|Ankingameloko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.817|48.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841500|Ambalahonko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.583|48.417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842173|Ambodimanga, Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.783|48.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842243|Ambohimarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.933|48.467|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850297|Ankatafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.617|48.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852325|Anorotsangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.916667|47.916667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS059-E-75391 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852537|Antafiambotry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.376363|48.48167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857576|Antranokarany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.717|48.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857615|Antsakoamanondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.617|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857629|Antsatsaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7|48.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857642|Antsirabe, Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.867|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895230|Bemanevika Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.83879|48.500194|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895233|Bemaneviky Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.644865|48.034647|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3032797|Djangoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.783333|48.316667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294629|Marotolana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.017|48.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294668|Marovato, Ambanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9|48.733|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107176152|Bemanevika Haut Sambirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.65|48.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111938655|Ambohitrandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1|48.6481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111938724|Maevatanana, Diana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.883333|48.533333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar, Placer d'Ambodimanga, vagonnet d'Inpection Timbree (edition de la Maison P. Ghigiasso, librairie, articles de menage, Tamatave).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111941042|Ambohimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.61645|48.41136|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111941703|Benavony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7|48.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue sur la forêt de Benavony( Ambanja), Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138566691|Ambaliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.52552|48.57176|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138566809|Antsahabe Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424379|Ambanja District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7621|47.9567|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q665074|Manerinerina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2833|47.2833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hotely-Manerinerina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q735661|Ankirihitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7667|46.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2364415|Andranofasika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3833|46.9|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andranofasika market, January 2010, Madagascar (4466561827).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841909|Ambato Ambarimay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7833|46.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842315|Ambondromamy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|47.15|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Famous bridge along A-road 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846227|Andranomamy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6|47.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850241|Anjiajia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4833|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850329|Ankijabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3667|46.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276106|Madirovalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|46.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Betsiboka River Delta, Madagascar (33837289844).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3485370|Sitampiky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6667|46.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-16.66667|46.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541459|Tsaramandroso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3667|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56306552|Ambesisika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030836|Ambato-Boeni]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5205|46.8544|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Objectif 2030 - Adduction d'eau potable à Ambesisika.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841963|Ambatomifanongoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.27|46.91|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842316|Ambondromisotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.333|46.917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842328|Amborompotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.61|46.2495|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068387|Fenoarivo, Ambatofinandrahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.867|46.88|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155987|Itremo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.592|46.635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285602|Mandrosonoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5895|46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pezzottaite-49527.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285719|Mangataboahangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2665|46.189|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Quartz epitaxis Mangataboahangy MNHN Minéralogie 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25247403|Soavina, Ambatofinandrahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030837|Ambatofinandrahana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.383333|46.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q427722|Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.383333|47.416667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambatolampy madagascar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q814469|Behenjy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2|47.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Behenjy Eau Vive building.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1088635|Tsinjoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|47.6833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tsinjoarivo Rova 01.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841971|Ambatondrakalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842162|Ambodifarihy Fenomanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.45|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842270|Ambohipihaonana, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|47.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846245|Andranovelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.39|47.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846255|Andravola Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846856|Andriambilany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|47.4667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andriambilany.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852554|Antakasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852574|Antanamalaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852598|Antanimasaka, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857622|Antsampandrano, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894209|Belambo, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285993|Manjakatompo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3333|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323746|Morarano, Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|47.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3460690|Sabotsy Namatoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541544|Tsiafajavona Ankaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3833|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451883|Andriantsivalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q371386|Ambatolampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.33641|47.50196|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841936|Ambatomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.683333|45.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895239|Bemarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7971|44.6979|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Au Coeur de la riziculture de Bemarivo district de Besalampy. 07.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294633|Marotsialeha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7833|45.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473667|Sarodrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.874|45.862|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Baobabs at Sarodrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107176112|Sarodrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-18|44.816667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Baobabs at Sarodrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535803|Makaraingo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030839|Ambatomainty]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9147|45.7635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218773|Ilafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-17.878921|48.406255|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Les maisons du père Pédro, Ilafy, Madagascar (25454384123).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456731|Ambatondrazaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.833333|48.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2077816|Antanandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4533|48.6704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2404698|Ambatosoratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6167|48.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Chrysobéryl 3.jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841548|Ambandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7667|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842297|Ambohitsilaozana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6833|48.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Allés des Cedrela odorata à Ambohitsilaozana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844111|Amparihitsokatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5167|48.5667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-17.516667|48.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844446|Ampitatsimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7833|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846151|Andilanatoby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9333|48.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar RN44.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846934|Andromba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.405|48.6376|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857626|Antsangasanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8333|48.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2882832|Ambatondrazaka Suburbaine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894071|Bejofo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8333|48.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3027268|Didy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1167|48.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068480|Feramanga Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7667|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148998|Imerimandroso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4333|48.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Point de vu Lac Alaotra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285187|Manakambahiny Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.85|48.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285188|Manakambahiny Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8|48.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487279|Soalazaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0167|48.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514950|Tanambao Besakay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.15|48.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136648271|Ambohidava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.55133|48.52766|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136648276|Ambohiboromanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8693|48.38139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136651340|Amparihintsokatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030843|Ambatondrazaka District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.52903|48.57337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456634|Ambarakaraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.5|48.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q750960|Betsihaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.15|49.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841492|Ambakirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.433|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841527|Ambalan'anjavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.33737|49.021703|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842159|Ambodibonara, Ambilobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2|48.833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844466|Ampondralava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.167|48.933|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845030|Anaborano Ifasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.683|48.833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pont Ifasy Ambilobe 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850239|Anjiabe Ambony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.233|48.867|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857627|Antsaravibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.05|49.017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857656|Antsohimbondrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.083|48.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar map.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896864|Beramanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.333|48.867|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285204|Manambato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.876111|49.158056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3286602|Mantaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.167|48.967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514953|Tanambao Marivorahona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.083|49.083|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manajeba riviere - Marivorahona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109918210|Antanambe, Diana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109918211|Sirama Ankaragna]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.08333|48.91667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138589453|Antanabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030842|Ambilobe]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2647|49.1096|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458067|Amboasary Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.04|46.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893874|Behara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.95|46.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3046793|Ebelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|46.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3051647|Elonty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.0333|46.2167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mairie de la Commune d'Elonty.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3058049|Esira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3333|46.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148106|Ifotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8|46.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277539|Mahaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1667|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285656|Manevy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3833|46.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294597|Maromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.35|46.5667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Thorianite-729924.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294638|Marotsiraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2833|45.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470930|Sampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.15|46.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514966|Tanandava Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1333|46.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537303|Tranomaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6|46.4667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Grandidierite.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541601|Tsivory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.0683|46.0756|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:FLM Tsivory 003.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608322|Berano Ville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.12213|46.41895|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608488|Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.60042|46.25944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608596|Ranobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4907|46.2077|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137608625|Tomboarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030844|Amboasary Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2056|45.8968|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841926|Ambatolampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.845|47.487|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842212|Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.47|47.28|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156271|Ivato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.47|47.28|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ivato Tananarive.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105640|Ambohimanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.70849|47.43768|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105641|Ambohitrimanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8508|47.4468|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La ruelle vers Ambohitrimanjaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105642|Ambohipihaonana, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.69471|47.57714|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105645|Ampangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.11639|47.51694|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:The sunset in Ampangabe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105737|Avaratsena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6368|47.6031|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13106606|Iarinarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.82905|47.40335|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108332|Mananjara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75063|47.31777|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19948195|Antanetibe, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6666|47.3929|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20570978|Ampanotokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7188|47.3085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20571020|Anjanadoria]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6079|47.3854|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538627|Mahitsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7484|47.3473|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahitsy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538630|Manjakavaradrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.69568|47.48755|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538633|Ambato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538636|Anosiala, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.78493|47.41785|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538639|Antehiroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.83282|47.49229|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538640|Antsahafilo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6636|47.5449|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538641|Fiadanana, Ambohidratrimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89808|47.40902|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538642|Fitsinjovana Bakaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4067|47.7315|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538643|Ivato Aeroport]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538644|Ivato Firaisana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538645|Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6524|47.3322|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538646|Mahereza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89321|47.35588|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538647|Mandrosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1614|47.6659|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538649|Merimandroso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75421|47.50832|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nature, Merimandroso Madagascar (34889).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538650|Sabotsy Ambohitromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2288|47.5986|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538652|Talatamaty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.829167|47.456667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antanifotsy Imerinafovoany.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309138|Ambato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304845|Ambohidratrimo District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.559|47.4026|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q426728|Ambalakindresy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1635|47.3237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q671278|Befeta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.232|47.048|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2390508|Camp Robin]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.917|47.133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2778665|Ambohimahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1065|47.216|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohimahasoa Madagascar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841979|Ambatosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21|47.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842263|Ambohinamboarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.033|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844443|Ampitana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.133|47.217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850270|Ankafina-Tsarafidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850315|Ankerana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.033|47.117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071094|Fiadanana, Ambohimahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.867|47.183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192089|Kalalao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.183|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285232|Manandroy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1355|47.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323682|Morafeno, Ambohimahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|47.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461528|Sahatona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.963|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461531|Sahave]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.067|47.117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562122|Vohiposa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.992|47.1599|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN 7 between Ambohimahasoa and Antsirabe 6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458440|Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.516667|47.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambositra.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830425|Alakamisy Ambohijato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.573889|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841520|Ambalamanakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.74|47.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841915|Ambatofitorahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8167|47.1833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Celidota splendens (from projects.biodiversity.be) ID-2117.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842077|Ambinanindrano, Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6833|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842258|Ambohimitombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7167|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850299|Ankazoambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.583|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853428|Antoetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.775|47.316|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Front view of Antoetra.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3064467|Fahizay Ambatolahimasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148357|Ihadilanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.467|47.033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148608|Ilaka Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149000|Imerina Imady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.528|47.328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156270|Ivato, Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.625|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156344|Ivony Miaramiasa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196306|Kianjandrakefina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.633|47.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277649|Mahazina Ambohipierenana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.35|47.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294625|Marosoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.533|47.383|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461529|Sahatsiho Ambohimanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|47.033|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mandanonite-586438.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541467|Tsarasaotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.433|47.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15730050|Andina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5235|47.155|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640056|Ambositra II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.52117|47.24653|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111942660|Vohidahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.55902|47.55221|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136759936|Ambohimitombo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.618337|47.444788|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136759988|Ambohiperivoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.34141|47.2001|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136760048|Ankazotsararavina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030848|Ambositra District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.545737|47.341308|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841550|Ambanisarike]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.95|45.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841996|Ambazoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3|45.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842224|Ambohimalaza, Ambovombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.25|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842312|Ambondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.215|45.82|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842314|Ambonaivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.2167|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850233|Anjeky Ankilikira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1167|46.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3055948|Erada]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.2833|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294552|Maroalomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1667|46.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294553|Maroalopoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.115|46.192|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483753|Sihanamaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1833|45.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362077|Emanombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420131|Tsimananada]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030849|Ambovombe District]]''
| {{Coord|-25.22007|46.02448|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420006|Analamary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q55002883|Ambovombe-Androy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.20541|45.94379|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456709|Ambatofinandrahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q474134|Amoron'i Mania]]''
| {{Coord|-20.552|46.803|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q646615|Gogogogo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2667|44.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q654603|Maniry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.5|44.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1979254|Itampolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6833|43.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Itampolo.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842337|Amboropotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6667|44.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844105|Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.696|44.746|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-24.6937|44.74581|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar affected by the worst drought in 40 years (Copernicus).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846932|Androka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1167|44.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Outrigger canoes on shore edge of Nosy Ve-Androka National Park.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850330|Ankiliabo, Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6833|44.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850339|Ankilimivory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4667|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850345|Ankilizato, Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|44.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852570|Antaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3833|44.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892810|Beahitse]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1667|44.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894196|Belafike]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2833|44.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899107|Beroy Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9833|44.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3049550|Ejeda]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.35|44.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3079738|Fotadrevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.05|45.0167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS057-E-58929 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562124|Vohitany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1333|44.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561779|Beara, Ampanihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.39356|44.53455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137756482|Agnavoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-23.99715|44.91829|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137756540|Androimpano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030851|Ampanihy]]''
| {{Coord|-24.87871|44.05002|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474396|Amparafaravola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352996|Alaotra-Mangoro]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5876|48.22391|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amparafaravola.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q942006|Morarano Chrome]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.75|48.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759925|Ambohitrarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|48.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841934|Ambatomainty, Amparafaravola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6833|48.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842143|Amboavory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842215|Ambohijanahary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4|48.3667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lac Mamamba.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846488|Andrebakely Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.687219|48.193464|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892826|Beanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3667|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893578|Bedidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|48.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419018|Ranomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8667|48.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514956|Tanambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3667|48.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562113|Vohimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.35114|48.60516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562138|Vohitsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309222|Ambohimandroso, Ambatondrazaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.633333|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107104527|Anororo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.516667|48.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107104541|Andrebakely Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.383333|48.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107104543|Andrebakely Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3856|48.63069|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185624|Ampasikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.65572|48.19067|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366196|Andilana Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.35|48.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451818|Ambodimanga, Amparafaravola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136676774|Ambodiramo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.78992|48.17569|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136676907|Andranobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030856|Amparafaravola District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.445|48.38009|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q283495|Maromandia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2167|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q484581|Analalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6292|47.7636|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-14.63333|47.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Perimorphose geode.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q972441|Antonibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1167|47.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2379816|Befotaka, Analalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5333|48.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841545|Ambaliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4667|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841561|Ambarijeby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9333|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846857|Andriambavontsona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4|47.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850281|Ankaramy Be]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9833|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277493|Mahadrodroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3|47.2667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS048-E-335 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294674|Marovantaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3833|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294680|Marovatolena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1833|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362022|Ambarijeby Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9534|47.6463|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139041630|Ambolobozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.412569|47.80596|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Freiberg, Terra mineralia, Augenjaspis.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139282435|Andrevorevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.38116|47.71106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139283632|Angoaka Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3696|47.4033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139286822|Bejofo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030853|Analalava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2298|48.2842|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002216|Beronono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-18.187778|47.516944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361854|Ampanefy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-18.975|47.494444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137304003|Sainte Marie]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q178449|Analanjirofo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9044|49.8999|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambodifotatra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q429116|Belaoka Marovato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q541472|Andrakata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.37|49.43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q636263|Anjialava Be]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2082|49.4635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2526503|Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.65|49.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andapa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841519|Ambalamanasy II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.31|49.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842153|Ambodiangezoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842174|Ambodimanga, Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.46|49.33|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846234|Andranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.33|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Coucher de soleil à Andranomena. Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850325|Ankiaka Be Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.669206|49.605615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852407|Anoviara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.44|49.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857603|Antsahamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.55|49.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892811|Bealampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.41|49.31|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:CSB II de Bealampona, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900141|Betsakotsako Andranotsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.38|49.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3033259|Doany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.22|49.31|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294669|Marovato, Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.36|49.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3299331|Matsohely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.37|49.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514961|Tanandava, Andapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.38|49.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q284280|Marovato, Andilamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4667|48.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q926947|Maroadabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6333|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099525|Andilamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.0167|48.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andilamena central town.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852605|Antanimenabaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9333|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895232|Bemaitso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.066694|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3278414|Maintsokely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307906|Miarinarivo, Andilamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6167|48.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miarinarivo (Andilamena District).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514959|Tanananifololahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7667|48.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687503|Ampondrabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.547|48.082|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136687528|Maitsokely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030862|Andilamena District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4058|48.0597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830706|Alatsinainy Bakaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3232|47.6793|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sarivazo Alatsinainy Bakaro.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846214|Andramasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-18.47|47.28|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Antananarivo Andramasina.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15304862|Tankafatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2969|47.7997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15304863|Alarobia Vatosola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-18.874|47.515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16526142|Abohimiadana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2458|47.7722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16528440|Andohariana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-20.228|47.514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538637|Anosibe Trimoloharano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1653|47.771|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538651|Sabotsy Manjakavahoaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1659|47.7514|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536137|Anjoma Faliarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3288|47.7471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109537766|Morarano Soafiraisana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030857|Andramasina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3474|47.8146|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137561725|Anjampaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q218981|Androy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.49001|45.638193|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850269|Anjozorobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|47.86667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gare routière d'Anjozorobe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21538648|Marotsipoy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-17.9284|47.6662|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002190|Amboasary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1188|47.7682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002193|Ambohibary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.217|47.625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002204|Ambongamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3187|47.9402|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002206|Analaroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.408333|47.708333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002213|Antanetibe (Anjozorobe)]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3946|47.5547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002217|Betatao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2046|47.8839|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002227|Mangamila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.56667|47.86667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535584|Ambohimanarina Marovazaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2274|47.8225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535588|Andranomisa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-17.984|47.8111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536134|Androvakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3975|47.5138|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536394|Tsarasaotra, Anjozorobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.55986|47.94022|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109537338|Ambohimirary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.334|47.7246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109637875|Belanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.38466|47.61595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136817540|Amparatanjona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030861|Anjozorobe (district)]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0793|47.8379|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q970059|Tandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0833|44.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846224|Andranomafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0333|44.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850301|Ankazoabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.294|44.51|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.28333|44.51667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897010|Berenty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1667|45.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770470|Ambatolahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4491|44.2131|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770574|Ankeriky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.97369|44.69496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770763|Ankilivalokely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1963|44.9039|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770801|Fotivolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4707|44.7089|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137770816|Ilemby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030864|Ankazoabo District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4237|45.1057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850305|Ankazobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.31|47.11|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.31667|47.11667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ankazobe, Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Antananarivo Ankazobe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857568|Antotohazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.46|47.08|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002203|Ambolotarakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.26928|47.40098|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002222|Fihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6049|47.2072|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:121002 mad maki (33).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002225|Kiangara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.966667|47.033333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eglise FJKM Mandrarahody, Madagascar (27988).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002226|Mahavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5128|47.2556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002228|Miantso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.716889|47.132308|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miantso - Ankazobe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002231|Talata-Angavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2059|47.0998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002234|Tsaramasoandro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.983333|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366174|Fiadanana, Ankazobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.216|46.881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535590|Andranomiely Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8363|47.2337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535592|Ambohitromby, Ankazobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4337|47.1722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109537345|Marondry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030865|Ankazobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4386|47.0029|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4740981|Ambalaomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.733333|47.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105646|Ampandoantraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.733333|47.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105649|Ampasimaneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.683333|48.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108276|Longozabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.75147|48.20824|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13108665|Niarovana Marosampanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5274|48.0405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13109235|Tratramarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5145|48.3604|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19948194|Antandrokomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89972|48.59987|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451562|Ambodimerana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5533|48.2506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136692520|Ampandroantraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030872|Anosibe An'ala District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3928|48.3083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846865|Andriandampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q16045730|Anosy]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7667|45.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q570816|Antalaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.904167|50.283333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antalahas beach (4932556154).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q674279|Lanjarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6|50.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q687287|Vinanivao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.883333|50.266667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ratranavona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841497|Ambalabe, Antalaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1667|50.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ravenala madagascariens Madagascar (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842067|Ambinanifaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6167|50.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842282|Ambohitralanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2333|50.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844078|Ampahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.75|50.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844465|Ampohibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0333|50.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852585|Antananambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1667|50.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2856985|Antombana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15|50.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857605|Antsahanoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.8333|50.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857621|Antsambalahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.7167|49.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294574|Marofinaritra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0333|50.1167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:AMPOKOAFO - MADAGASCAR.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473447|Sarahandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6|49.97|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852577|Antanambao Manampotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.485|48.573889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.485|48.5739|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640062|Antanandehibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.683333|48.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640067|Manakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.768358|48.354|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640071|Saivaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.666667|48.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109701044|Manaratsandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.406788|48.333357|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842219|Ambohimalaza Miray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.892292|47.639666|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842235|Ambohimangakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.900602|47.599692|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN 65 Amoronakona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850267|Ankadikely Ilafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q484625|Analamanga]]''
| {{Coord|-18.848142|47.552537|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ankadikely Ilafy 2.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297263|Masindray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.97148|47.62882|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10908615|Alasora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0251|47.7857|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Alasora sacred hill Madagascar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105638|Ambohidrabiby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.77|47.61|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Le village d'Ambatomahamanina vu d'Ambohidrabiby.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15925513|Sabotsy Namehana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.833333|47.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Main road Sabotsy Namehana.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002196|Ambohimanambola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94713|47.59922|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Artisan dans l'atelier de ferronnerie, Ankazobe Ambohimanambola, Antananarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002209|Anjeva Gara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.933333|47.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anjeva.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002220|Fieferana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8301|47.64504|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361906|Ambohimanga Rova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7664|47.56102|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366241|Talata Volonondry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7409|47.6184|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village de Talata ny Volonondry.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535626|Anosy Avaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.81876|47.56261|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hopitaly Anosy Avaratra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535633|Viliahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.81005|47.667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109667654|Manandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030868|Antananarivo-Avaradrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.80898|47.5914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20973448|Belanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q489821|Antananarivo Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.183293|46.66534|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002186|Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q489821|Antananarivo Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.09627|47.52996|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002211|Ankaraobato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q489821|Antananarivo Province]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487313|Soavina, Analamanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.95931|47.50328|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16303464|Ambohijanaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9998|47.5639|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20570986|Andoharanofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.97903|47.53329|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002188|Ambatofahavalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.116667|47.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002195|Ambohidrapeto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002205|Ampitatafika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.937|47.47838|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002207|Andranonahoatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|46.875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002208|Androhibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.99712|47.46609|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Temple FJKM Antsahadinta vaovao sis sur la colline royale d'Antsahadinta.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002214|Antanetikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.06314|47.48535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002215|Bemasoandro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.916667|47.483333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bemasoandro.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002219|Fenoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.933|47.43543|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohijatovo, Antananarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002223|Itaosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.916667|47.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002230|Soalandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9997|47.4984|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002233|Tanjombato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.95|47.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002236|Tsiafahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.068784|47.550897|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Parc Gasikara, Le Carat Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404615|Ambavahaditokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.92378|47.46175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404639|Alakamisy Fenoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94029|47.42497|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404653|Fiombonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.89531|47.476418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404662|Bongatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.032443|47.543905|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107404670|Ampahitrosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0272|47.49215|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536390|Ankadimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.892654|47.458706|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ankadimanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109536392|Anosizato Andrefana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030869|Antananarivo-Atsimondrano]]''
| {{Coord|-18.93913|47.49712|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309340|Ankadinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030871|Antananarivo-Renivohitra District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.928453|47.533677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841922|Ambatolahy, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7333|47.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841957|Ambatomiady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6833|47.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841982|Ambatotsipihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842187|Ambodiriana, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5833|47.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842234|Ambohimandroso, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5167|47.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fasana Ramarovahoaka Miadanimerina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842279|Ambohitompoina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.75|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844444|Ampitatafika, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5667|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846221|Andranofito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7833|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857600|Antsahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5833|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857624|Antsampandrano, Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9167|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451876|Soamanandrariny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65172|47.25151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451880|Anjamanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7564|47.4851|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136764014|Belanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030873|Antanifotsy District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.85|47.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q589017|Marovato Befeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1333|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844081|Ampamata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.55|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846065|Andalatanosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6667|45.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852609|Antanimora Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8167|45.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148955|Imanombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4333|45.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3160443|Jafaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9167|45.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420082|Andoharano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-24.61143|45.71099|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137420096|Andragnanivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q126597869|Antanimora Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0346|45.5905|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1089614|Antsalova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.666667|44.616667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.4|44.37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894115|Bekopaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1|44.51|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manambolorivier 01.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297300|Masoarivo, Antsalova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.033333|44.333333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS008-E-18563 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487274|Soahany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|44.13|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537299|Trangahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.12871|44.55789|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS019-E-21652 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535805|Bemaraha Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030881|Antsalova District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.72495|44.9279|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456630|Ambano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965181|Tsarahonenana Sahanivotry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9833|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830424|Alakamisy, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841956|Ambatomena, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.85|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842197|Ambohibary, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6167|47.15|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohibary - Ampanotokana (RN4).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842203|Ambohidranandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8833|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842247|Ambohimiarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.85|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842298|Ambohitsimanova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|47.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846229|Andranomanelatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7833|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852576|Antanambao, Antsirabe II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6667|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852599|Antanimandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.841917|46.957194|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857652|Antsoatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894253|Belazao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8833|46.9667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Belazao 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147429|Ibity]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1167|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285230|Manandoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.05|47.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285600|Mandrosohasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5833|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285721|Mangatano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461500|Sahanivotry Manandona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1167|47.0833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Almandine-Spessartine-Series-157175.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487301|Soanindrariny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|47.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559399|Vinaninkarena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030878|Antsirabe II District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|47.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fig.58-région des Tapias (Chryosopia macrophylla) à Madagascar, entre Vinaninkarena et Itaka - p. 215.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q427796|Ankarangona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.65|49.433|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-12.661197|49.436808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q544604|Joffreville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.49275|49.206972|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Joffreville-Mairie.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q593340|Antsahampano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.317|49.183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q963984|Mangaoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.3|49.117|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842319|Ambondrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-21.267191|46.993801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846201|Andrafiabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.517|49.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andrafiabe, Diana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846219|Andranofanjava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.467|49.033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846243|Andranovondronina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.05|49.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850203|Anivorano Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.733|49.233|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anivorano-Nord, Diana, RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850321|Anketrakabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.55|49.333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857618|Antsalaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.633|49.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907913|Bobasakoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.8|48.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277535|Mahalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.533333|48.816667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277631|Mahavanona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.45|49.367|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La commune rurale Mahavanona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3324831|Mosorolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.733|48.967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3418455|Ramena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.733|48.967|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La plage de Ramena à 20km d'Antsiranana 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461150|Sadjoavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.617|49.35|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-12.61667|49.35|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sadjoavato-RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16829073|Antsakoabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.6694|49.46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsakoabe, RN6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362099|Joffre-ville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59629059|Bobakilandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|12.18|49.07|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59630728|Sakaramy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.4475|49.251111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Diego Suarez - Voiture Postale - Station de Sakaramy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111942116|Antanamitarana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.233333|49.183333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bureau commune Antanamitarana-Antsiranana II Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138603898|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.6892|49.3152|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138604208|Nosy-Be]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-13.3495|48.2595|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q609567|Antsohihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.883333|47.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842063|Ambimadiro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842169|Ambodimanary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2167|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842170|Ambodimandresy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.7833|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844090|Ampandriakalindy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9667|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845125|Anahidrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0833|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846490|Andreba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5833|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850224|Anjalazala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0167|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850247|Anjiamangirana I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1667|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850316|Ankerika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9167|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857601|Antsahabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-14.8|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294551|Maroala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3833|47.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139297427|Ambalafaminty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030879|Antsohihy]]''
| {{Coord|-15.33795|47.80516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q975820|Amboanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1357|47.1717|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amboanana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1820954|Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.016667|47.183333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage d'arivonimamo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2837356|Alkamisikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.13|47.11|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Alakamisikely tanana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841951|Ambatomanga, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.44|47.27|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Panoramique+Ambatomanga (25465165243).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841966|Ambatomirahavavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9333|47.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842238|Ambohimandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0944|47.3723|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842244|Ambohimasina, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8|47.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842268|Ambohipandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.15|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842290|Ambohitrambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9167|47.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844076|Ampahimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1047|47.199|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampahimanga - Arivonimamo - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846239|Andranomiely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3333|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852572|Antambolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8333|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852671|Antenimbe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2861445|Arivonimamo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|47.1833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tapia Uapaca bojeri Itremo 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149001|Imerintsitosika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9833|47.3167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sur la route d'Imerintsiatosika.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277622|Mahatsinjo Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2833|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285199|Manalalondo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.25|47.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307896|Miantsoarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2|47.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miantsoarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323681|Morafeno, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0833|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323747|Morarano, Arivonimamo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451849|Talata Tsimadilo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.766667|47.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138718488|Miandrandra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030890|Arivonimamo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.222|47.3209|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q824043|Toliara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757781|Atsimo-Andrefana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35|43.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97255171|Sakamasay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757781|Atsimo-Andrefana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.87395|44.64946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130719853|Betsinjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757781|Atsimo-Andrefana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.364007|43.708675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181058|Andranolalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.513889|46.981944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15228992|Ivondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.916667|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15278317|Soakibany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.916667|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17107874|Zara Maliorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757782|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.399|46.9535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q178067|Toamasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-18.155|49.41|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tamatave - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640063|Fanasana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-18.836111|48.787222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640076|Mahela]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030867|Antanambao-Manampotsy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.483333|48.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746458|Lohavanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.866667|48.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746529|Sahakevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2713|47.8503|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841536|Ambalaromba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6667|49.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841976|Ambatoriha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5|48.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841978|Ambatosia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6667|48.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842145|Ambodiadabo, Bealanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.75|48.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842188|Ambodisikidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2333|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842323|Ambonomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3667|49.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845170|Analila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.45|49.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852586|Antananivo Haut]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2833|48.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857619|Antsamaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5833|48.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892817|Bealanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.54329|48.74981|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892824|Beandrarezona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4833|48.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285755|Mangidrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2833|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294637|Marotolana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.65|48.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328499|Ambararata Sofia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.80645|48.81246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328516|Ambararatabe Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3878|48.8559|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328554|Ambodiampana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.64122|48.67244|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328574|Ambohimisondrotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.80551|49.01995|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328626|Anjozoromadosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.439|49.1446|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328656|Ankazotokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5624|49.12794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139328784|Antsiradava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030990|Bealanana District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.69617|49.19686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q629531|Matsondana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9667|49.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099542|Befandriana-Avaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2667|48.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Urbaine de Befandriana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841556|Ambararata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0167|48.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842182|Ambodimotso Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3833|48.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842300|Ambolidibe Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1|48.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850295|Ankarongana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4167|48.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857614|Antsakabary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.05|48.9333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Carte bassin Sofia.svg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857617|Antsakanalabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4167|48.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277529|Mahalaza-Fanimana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3933|48.5853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294555|Maroamalona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3|48.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323689|Morafeno, Befandriana-Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541455|Tsarahonenana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541547|Tsiamalao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.05|48.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139376362|Ambodimotso Haut]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.1891|48.4109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139376493|Belalona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030998|Befandriana-Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.87122|49.35548|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893789|Befotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.825|46.978889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Celestite crystal crust.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181316|Antaninarenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9333|46.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181910|Antondabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.829|47.093|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15198107|Beharena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.518333|47.066667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15248582|Marovitsika Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.021389|46.968611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15271835|Ranotsara Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.794|46.5955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56060173|Marovitsika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113002905|Bekofafa Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.830017|46.409884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137857412|Antokoboritelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9812|46.7513|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137857527|Inosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031000|Befotaka Sud District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6753|46.6665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2399230|Antsakoamaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.25|45.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841484|Ambahita]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24|45.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841980|Ambatosola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.05|45.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850204|Anivorano Mitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4|45.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850215|Anja Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.25|45.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850288|Ankaranabo Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1833|45.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894101|Bekitro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.55|45.3|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-24.5333|45.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894506|Belindo Mahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|45.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896856|Beraketa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1833|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900064|Beteza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.45|45.1167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-24.45|45.11667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900410|Bevitiky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6|45.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285197|Manakompy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3|45.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294682|Maroviro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.848389|45.351528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323700|Morafeno Bekily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.221944|45.313889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514954|Tanambao Tsirandrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2333|45.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514964|Tanandava, Bekily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3167|45.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541563|Tsikolaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3333|45.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562099|Vohimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.05|45.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137453487|Besakoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1564|45.256|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Reboisement besakoa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137453883|Mikaikarivo Ambatomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.16101|45.15363|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137453980|Tsirandrany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031002|Bekily District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1282|45.358|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q528817|Beroboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9833|44.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS009-E-15742 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2204070|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7|44.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Belon'i Tsiribihina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842055|Ambiky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.45|44.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842135|Amboalimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2667|44.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846156|Andimaky Manambolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4167|44.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850273|Ankalalobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|44.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850340|Ankiliroroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8333|45.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850348|Ankirondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|44.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857649|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9167|44.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS009-E-15760 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894512|Belinta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.95|45.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897033|Berevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7333|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297302|Masoarivo, Belo sur Tsiribihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|44.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hima lake.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541460|Tsaraotana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7667|44.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541572|Tsimafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7167|44.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kimanaomby.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362047|Belo-Tsiribihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.701444|44.548355|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138828364|Delta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031011|Belon'i Tsiribihina]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6474|44.4236|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895057|Beloha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-20.266667|48.483333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-25.1739|45.06|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-25.16667|45.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zebu of Madagascar 001.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294593|Marolinta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1|44.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537304|Tranoroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.7|45.0667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paroedura guibeae ZSM 189 2004.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3537306|Tranovaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137524717|Ambatotsivala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8064|45.5373|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137524752|Behabobo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.894751|45.307354|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137527081|Mahaenegne]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031008|Beloha]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9885|45.1085|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895780|Benenitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.452222|45.078056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Benenitra.png|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Benenitra.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3049277|Ehara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4833|44.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147345|Ianapera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6167|45.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107377290|Ankilimary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.41899|45.00875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137787488|Ambalavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5748|45.3252|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137787516|Benonoky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031013|Benenitra]]''
| {{Coord|-23.821|45.157|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Spectrolite (gem-quality labradorite plagioclase feldspar).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2411046|Beroroha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.678611|45.173056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-21.66667|45.16667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Beroroha sept 09 hoveraid hovercraft.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893905|Behisatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8|45.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066416|Fanjakana, Beroroha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6833|45.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285599|Mandronarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1167|45.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3290423|Marerano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3667|44.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17621944|Bemavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.629059|45.36457|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137792054|Sakena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5578|44.8915|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137792101|Tanamary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.39939|45.61079|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137793636|Tanandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031018|Beroroha]]''
| {{Coord|-21.712956|45.0925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q729944|Marovoay Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.109|44.679|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099539|Besalampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.75|44.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS023-E-29498 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842302|Ambolodia Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.11|44.58|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-17.183333|44.966667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894111|Bekodoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.58|45.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277474|Mahabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5|45.2|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-17.08333|45.33333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487297|Soanenga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5|44.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111942156|Ankasakasa Tsibiray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5348|44.8819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138820284|Ampako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7299|44.8016|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138820319|Antsirasira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031024|Besalampy District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7937|45.1868|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q167181|Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.84|46.855|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rizières Betafo 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830431|Alakamisy Antivato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8833|46.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830667|Alarobia Bemaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|46.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841973|Ambatonikonilahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7167|46.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842230|Ambohimanambola, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|46.6167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Liddicoatite-68003.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842245|Ambohimasina, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|46.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846525|Andrembesoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.15|46.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Les paysans enclavés 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857659|Antsotso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8167|46.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149782|Inanantona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|46.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277504|Mahaiza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|46.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Columbite-(Fe)-27449.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285589|Mandritsara, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.55|47.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487316|Soavina, Betafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|46.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:En kortfattet Oversigt over Madagascar, dets Folk og Mission - no-nb digibok 2012020608017-119.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3539708|Tritriva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9167|46.9333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lac Tritriva.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360576|Antohobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.766667|46.183333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360583|Manohisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.783333|46.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360596|Alakamisy Marososona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.716667|46.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360602|Anosiarivo Manapa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.916667|47.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139770446|Andranomafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031026|Betafo District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.830387|46.825884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q511200|Tongobory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5167|44.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11224 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q745117|Masiaboay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9|44.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q831450|Betioky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-24.603889|44.765556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, south-western Madagascar (4315971898).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846231|Andranomangatsiaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3167|44.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853431|Antohabato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|44.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892834|Beantake]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893393|Beavoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5833|44.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894212|Belamoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|44.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900514|Bezaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5|44.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Messingen oorbel in de vorm van een ster TMnr 2739-36a.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068389|Fenoandala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|44.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3220040|Lazarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.9|44.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285203|Manalobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4333|44.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3322780|Montifeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4833|44.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470034|Salobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|44.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487285|Soamanonga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8667|44.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487309|Soaserana, Betioky Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8833|44.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514782|Tameantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514949|Tanambao Ambony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55346|44.76558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555035|Vatolatsaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|44.3|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JNB-MRU 22.08.2009 13-20-05.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362041|Motofeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948815|Ankazombalala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6848|44.5791|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113002899|Maroarivo Ankazomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.921109|43.767384|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113158814|Ambatry Mitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.85248|44.40914|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137802496|Ankazomanga Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6779|44.2619|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803167|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.300358|44.444032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803196|Antsavoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.231538|44.520461|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803256|Beora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.878449|44.635959|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803302|Besely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.70862|44.413475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803348|Marosavoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.87501|44.86885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803373|Savazy II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.57904|44.79627|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137803607|Vohimary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031023|Betioky District]]''
| {{Coord|-23.77184|44.97777|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aulacotoma tenuelimbata (from projects.biodiversity.be) ID-1248.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q508148|Ambalasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q736306|Ivahona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.45|46.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q748440|Isoanala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8333|45.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841968|Ambatomivary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8333|45.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845147|Analamary, Betroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2167|45.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892837|Beapombo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6167|45.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2892838|Beapombo I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0667|45.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894123|Bekorobo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8|45.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895663|Benato-Toby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0833|45.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900147|Betroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.268333|46.104444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147186|Iaborotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2167|45.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147343|Ianabinda]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5|45.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147344|Ianakafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35|45.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3161949|Jangany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.85|45.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277477|Mahabo, Betroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.65|46.133333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277597|Mahasoa Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|44.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335102|Nagnarena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.562984|45.769368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335663|Naninora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2167|46.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541458|Tsaraitso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-23.25|46.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362085|Ianabinoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137641329|Kelivaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9167|46.1484|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137641420|Sakamahily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031025|Betroka]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7961|45.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1328830|Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q832223|Betsiboka]]''
| {{Coord|-16.95|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218753|Mahajanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q740164|Boeny]]''
| {{Coord|-15.716667|46.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahajanga Corniche.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:MG-Mahajanga.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741163|Ambatoboeny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q740164|Boeny]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4544|46.7161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136440375|Ambatoboeny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q740164|Boeny]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q617235|Ambodisakoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4167|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841551|Ambanjabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6333|47.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Education environnementale Ambanjabe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842168|Ambodimahabibo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7333|48.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842195|Ambodivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.65|48.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844109|Amparihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6667|47.1167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-15.666667|47.116667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846236|Andranomeva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8|47.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2911075|Boriziny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.55|47.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3228656|Leanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.55|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276431|Maevaranohely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.85|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294677|Marovato, Boriziny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541453|Tsarahasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7667|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541469|Tsaratanana, Boriziny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.65|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541588|Tsiningia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|47.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541589|Tsinjomitondraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6667|47.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24004292|Boriziny II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.567399|47.620853|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139568015|Ambatomilahatrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8497|47.748|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139568067|Andranomena I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.59|47.554|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139568087|Ihobaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031037|Boriziny-Vaovao]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8134|48.1675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218928|Antsiranana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.322444|49.295|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsiranana Diego Suarez typical Arab-influenced architecture Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457534|Ambilobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2|49.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambilobe, Diana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124537759|Ambolobozobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143947|Diana Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030876|Antsiranana II]]''
| {{Coord|-12.5167|49.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q728671|Tsarazaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1333|47.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1395492|Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2333|47.375|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-20.23333|47.38333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830428|Alakamisy Ambohimahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850294|Ankarinoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.317|47.483|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900153|Betsimisotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.25|47.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071095|Fiadanana, Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|47.41|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149015|Imito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4167|47.311|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277651|Mahazoarivo, Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3833|47.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307911|Miarinavaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2167|47.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miarinavaratra Main Street.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3313852|Milamaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.267|47.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461493|Sahamadio, Fandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3|47.403|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471961|Sandrandahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.35|47.295|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar RN41.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3516008|Tatamalaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309591|Mahazoarivo]]''
|
|
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772433|Isandrandahy Ambony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.44278|47.42094|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772465|Soanakambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031226|Fandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.10124|47.44841|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q775197|Efatsy Anandroza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|47.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965708|Amporoforo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4667|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1006566|Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.816667|47.816667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Farafangana map 1.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2400939|Iabohazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8833|47.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora bathiei (MNHN-IM-2000-5484).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841540|Ambalatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5333|47.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841542|Ambalavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9667|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842214|Ambohigogo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7667|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842237|Ambohimandroso, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.763481|47.518398|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850283|Ankarana Miraihina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0833|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852336|Anosivelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852343|Anosy Tsararafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7333|47.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve du Manampatrana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857648|Antsiranambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.15|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897017|Beretra Bevoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7167|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3059374|Etrotroka Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.891346|47.58812|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3061353|Evato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068390|Fenoarivo, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148364|Ihorombe, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23|47.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ihosy.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156233|Ivandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8667|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277481|Mahabo Mananivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.183333|47.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277501|Mahafasa Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6667|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277642|Mahavelo, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277700|Maheriraty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7333|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285216|Manambotra Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9167|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294672|Marovandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5167|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461495|Sahamadio, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5167|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3515066|Tangainony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3535925|Tovona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9167|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562095|Vohilengo, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.5333|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562110|Vohimasy, Farafangana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8167|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562132|Vohitromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8667|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137874918|Ambalavato Antevato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.997848|47.375602|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137883000|Namohora Iaborano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-22.62585|47.64007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137883012|Vohilavan'i Manampatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031227|Farafangana]]''
| {{Coord|-23.08183|47.61799|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q731243|Vinaninony-Atsimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|46.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ANKARARANA - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1343729|Faratsiho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.399722|46.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Statut de la vierge Marie, Faratsiho, RN 43, Region Vakinankaratra, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842202|Ambohiborona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4|47.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846237|Andranomiady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2333|46.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857628|Antsapanimahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.64|47.158|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307890|Miandrarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4333|46.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.43333|46.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3418349|Ramainandro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|47|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3553466|Valabetokana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3333|46.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559400|Vinaninony Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779331|Faratsiho District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4833|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1404813|Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.22|49.25|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fénérive-Est.Monument.2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841919|Ambatoharanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3167|49.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842178|Ambodimanga II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2667|49.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844136|Ampasimbe Manantsatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1|49.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844140|Ampasina Maningory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2167|49.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857639|Antsiatsiaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277563|Mahambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4833|49.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3315709|Miorimivalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2167|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473456|Saranambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.25|49.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562096|Vohilengo, Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|49.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562121|Vohipeno, Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1667|49.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746517|Betampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-21.29689|47.50566|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185593|Ambanjan’i Sahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.348|49.3163|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451842|Mahanoro, Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031231|Fenoarivo-Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.35|49.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2834496|Fenoarivobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.449722|46.561667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.433333|46.566667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841941|Ambatomainty Atsimo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.278733|46.330271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842286|Ambohitromby, Fenoarivobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-17.965|46.32|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3072762|Firavahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6333|46.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3197306|Kiranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2833|46.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3293740|Maritampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7833|46.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56092344|Tsinjoarivo 22]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.34866|45.84828|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107144053|Mahajeby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.05|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138504620|Andriampotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.58752|46.41809|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138504670|Mangatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031233|Fenoarivobe]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5799|46.7558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q254409|Talata Ampano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.56|47.037|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Talata-Ampano street.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q527441|Fianarantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725839|Fianarantsoa]]''
| {{Coord|-21.433333|47.083333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue globale de la ville Fianarantsoa 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2092364|Ambalavao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.84|46.94|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Town Centre Ambalavao Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841516|Ambalamahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.23|47.1164|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841525|Ambalamidera II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.333|46.867|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850293|Ankarinarivo Manirisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.417|47.067|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147378|Iavinomby-Vohibola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.333|47.083|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155110|Isaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''
| {{Coord|-21.143889|47.015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156333|Ivoamba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277652|Mahazoarivo, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.367|46.817|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285655|Maneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-20.883|47.233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487272|Soaindrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.517|47.033|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514044|Taindambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.467|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514944|Tanamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-21.573056|45.94|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559401|Vinanitelo, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.717|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185581|Tanamarina Sakay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-22.466667|46.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107366442|Vohimarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.64|46.898889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389209|Ambalamidera Ambohimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4381|46.8792|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389211|Andreamalama]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.14|46.91|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389212|Ihazoara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5855|47.271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389213|Ankaromalaza Mifanasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7343|47.1536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389214|Vohibato Ouest]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6041|47.1253|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389225|Andrainjato Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.54|47.18|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389265|Lamosina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.64|46.898889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124736022|Ampatsy Ampangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.58|47.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124807332|Sahafata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.26|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124809193|Vohitrarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2363364|Ambohimahasoa]]''
| {{Coord|-21.09|46.96|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124809235|Volamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.79|46.71|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124809329|Vinaninoro Andrefana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3863|47.0819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124958730|Anjanomanana Tsimiavaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7047|47.106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125585035|Namoly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030834|Ambalavao District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.12|46.92|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125860374|Ambondrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2772|46.998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893832|Begogo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-23.29|46.43|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147205|Iakora]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1|46.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419021|Ranotsara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-22.47|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65298455|Volambita]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-22.977|46.761|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451770|Andranombao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030935|Iakora]]''
| {{Coord|-22.766667|46.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099548|Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3|47.6333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pont d'Ifanadiana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842240|Ambohimanga Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8667|47.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar. Briquetterie à Ambohimanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842252|Ambohimiera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.05|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845153|Analampasina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8333|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846958|Androrangavola, Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5|47.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852634|Antaretra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.0667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857641|Antsindra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9833|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3067078|Fasintsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7|47.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fasintsara.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194858|Kelilalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2833|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294582|Maroharatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294631|Marotoko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5833|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419015|Ranomafana, Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.25|47.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ranomafana 2015 07.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541470|Tsaratanana, Ifanadiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1833|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65309320|Androrangavola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5|47.71667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107394935|Ambiabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030933|Ifanadiana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.40136|47.60883|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN 14 Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1657947|Ihosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1513970|Ihorombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4036|46.1258|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.40293|46.12576|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ihosy.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841923|Ambatolahy, Ihosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.32|46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Boophis bottae 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842037|Ambia, Ihosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.22|46.11|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845144|Analaliry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.47|46.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845158|Analavoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.32|46.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846158|Andiolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.31|45.36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850347|Ankily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.31|45.36|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3108180|Ilakaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.68|45.21|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ilakaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3113216|Ranohira]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.26|45.21|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.48333|45.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RanohiraGrandRueGeschäfte.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ranohira.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3154360|Irina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.26|46.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277593|Mahasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.59|45.57|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3305725|Menamaty Iloto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.57|45.24|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461497|Sahambano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.29|46.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3469351|Sakalalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.29|46.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473996|Satrokala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|45.37|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tozzi Green Satrokala Ihorombe.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3574968|Zazafotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.12|46.21|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Corundum-274988.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65307820|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-21.89|46.134|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107418228|Tolohomiady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107418254|Andohan'Ilakaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030937|Ihosy District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841940|Ambatomainty, Ikalamavony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9|46.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Juvenile Paroedura rennerae.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2877839|Babetville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''
| {{Coord|-21.57|46.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3073069|Fitampito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.973|46.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148385|Ikalamavony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.168|46.6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ikalamavony.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285756|Mangidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.25|46.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anosivola overview.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3489484|Solila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4167|46.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541594|Tsitondroina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030936|Ikalamavony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.315|45.99|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Améthyste sceptre (Madagascar) 1.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q285251|Manampatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.65|47.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manampatrana - railroad station.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1025754|Ikongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8831|47.4331|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue sur Ikongo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841917|Ambatofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambatofotsy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842255|Ambohimisafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5167|47.5333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohimisafy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842305|Ambolomadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.95|47.4333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sandrananta Ambolomadinika.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850292|Ankarimbelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1333|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894296|Belemoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7833|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148085|Ifanirea]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1833|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192078|Kalafotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2833|47.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294598|Maromiandra, Ikongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6833|47.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maromiandra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461488|Sahalanona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.05|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514939|Tanakambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.05|47.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3530611|Tolongoina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.55|47.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tolongoina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427309|Tsifenokataka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.79|47.67|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tsifenokataka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427315|Andefapony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.47288|47.54214|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427322|Antodinga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.14791|47.42025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427330|Ambinanitromby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2413391|Ikongo District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6729|47.5236|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambinanitromby.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q507008|Anjoma Itsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.217|46.917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2399936|Soatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.388|46.9167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Soatanana 001.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846172|Andoharanomaintso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4699|46.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Clos Malaza - vue générale.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066417|Fanjakana, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1833|46.89|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155608|Isorana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.317|46.933|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cliff Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3336167|Nasandratrony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725838|Isandra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.717|46.933|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Nasandratrony commune boundaries.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294570|Marofangady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q573931|Itasy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|47.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q539522|Antambohobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.18|46.46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156334|Ivohibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.18|46.46|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.158.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156343|Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294621|Maropaika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.42|46.59|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487288|Soamatasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.29|46.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109827187|Kotipa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030944|Ivohibe District]]''
| {{Coord|-22.33|46.607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15233454|Kandreho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.483333|46.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23213980|Betaimboay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.769626|46.125109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23301507|Antanimbaribe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5665|47.6989|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23304820|Andasibe, Kandreho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.66029|46.23368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113288906|Behazomaty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.475247|46.234044|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138076455|Ambaliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.44998|45.9897|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138077599|Mahatsinjo Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031322|Kandreho]]''
| {{Coord|-17.603577|46.155273|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q550422|Sahambavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.433|47.283|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hameau betsileo Sahambavy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830426|Alakamisy Ambohimaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.32|47.225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830710|Alatsinainy Ialamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5333|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841509|Ambalakely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4167|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846210|Andrainjato Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.47|47.09|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846979|Androy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.335117|47.277419|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066351|Fandrandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5167|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277624|Mahatsinjony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.419|47.207|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56227103|Ialananindro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725840|Lalangina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.42921|47.14607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458507|Ambovombe-Androy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55002883|Ambovombe-Androy]]''
| {{Coord|-25.176944|46.086944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125931154|Ampasinambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| {{Coord|-20.61|47.684|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampasinambo (Ifanadiana).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q582955|Mangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7167|46.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2370160|Morafeno, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841507|Ambalajia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4833|46.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841530|Ambalanjanakomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7|47.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846871|Andriba]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5833|46.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852603|Antanimbary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1833|46.85|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aomby antanimbary.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857638|Antsiafabositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|46.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895270|Bemokotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.05|46.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896887|Beratsimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8833|46.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276105|Madiromirafy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8333|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276434|Maevatanana II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.95|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277616|Mahatsinjo, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7333|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277660|Mahazoma]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1667|46.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3290873|Maria, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2833|46.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541461|Tsararano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3333|46.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109801887|Berivotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.77323|47.0208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113288918|Beanana, Maevatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.05163|46.81038|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andranobevava, Madagascar (57962).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138124224|Marokoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031433|Maevatanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.93944|47.24517|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q660109|Ambia, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6167|45.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q927237|Ankilizato, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4|45.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099449|Mandabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-21.05|44.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099535|Malaimbandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|45.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844099|Ampanihy, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5833|44.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845151|Analamitsivala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3167|44.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850342|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2833|44.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893790|Befotaka, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8333|45.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2899102|Beronono, Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9|45.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541575|Tsimazava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6833|45.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135179377|Bezezika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031436|Mahabo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.333333|44.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841502|Ambalabe Befanjava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.85|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841512|Ambalakida]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7833|46.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Site de reboisement Marohogo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846220|Andranoboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6333|46.8833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Association des femmes Andranoboka Region Boeny.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894113|Bekobay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8167|46.9333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage sur la mer d'Ampapamena.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895050|Belobaka, Mahajanga II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6833|46.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bureau de service Commune rurale Belobaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900140|Betsako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6167|46.5833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Betsako Center 17 May 2019.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907525|Boanamary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.833333|46.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS050-E-56682 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277509|Mahajamba Usine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3291409|Mariarano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031439|Mahajanga II]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4833|46.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Une escalier observé dans la grotte.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2480166|Mahanoro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|48.8|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.898889|48.811389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Canal des Pangalanes - Nosy Varika - Mahanoro (4).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6783504|Masomeloka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.279911|48.625825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15179688|Ambodiharina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q757783|Atsinanana]]''
| {{Coord|-20.012872|48.76865|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS021-E-5436 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746489|Ambinanidilana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8933|48.4428|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746491|Ambinanindrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1011|48.3392|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambinanindrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746494|Ambodibonara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3388|48.5177|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746510|Ankazotsifantatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9934|48.493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746515|Befotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2458|48.3271|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746518|Betsizaraina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9617|48.7628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746524|Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8048|48.5548|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746535|Tsaravinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7379|48.7206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109905513|Andranambomaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-20.14912|48.582632|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137997742|Tsaravinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031441|Mahanoro]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7325|48.7257|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q742869|Andranovao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6167|44.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1100822|Tambohorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5067|43.9522|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mandrozo lake.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2404468|Maromavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5667|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846049|Andabotoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1|44.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850351|Ankisatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2333|44.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857613|Antsahidoha Bebao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3667|44.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857658|Antsondrodava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|44.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893395|Bebakony Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.1|44.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2897034|Berevo-Ranobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2167|44.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900040|Betanatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1833|44.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3276441|Mafaijijo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.05|44.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294583|Marohazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7333|44.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3556021|Veromanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|44.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100923377|Belitsaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.98006|44.43173|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100947851|Bemokotra Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.306389|44.1375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535830|Andrea, Melaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031446|Maintirano District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8575|44.1324|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099436|Mampikony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|47.6333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Carte bassin Sofia.svg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842275|Ambohitoaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0167|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844133|Ampasimatera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9333|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894120|Bekoratsaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198509|Komajia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285076|Mampikony II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384238|Ambodihazoambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.124|47.9206|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384251|Ankiririky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.86096|47.63489|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384263|Anovilava Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1448|47.9629|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384280|Betaramahamay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9369|47.5715|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139384318|Malakialina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031448|Mampikony District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2786|47.4129|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q547003|Anosiala, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.039439|48.029373|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q991066|Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.15|48|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manakara Be - south.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841476|Ambahatrazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8667|47.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambahatrazo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841486|Ambahive]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|47.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841533|Ambalaroka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1333|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841543|Ambalavero]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842057|Ambila]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9833|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842137|Amboanjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842293|Ambohitsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.85|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842334|Amborondra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9167|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842338|Ambotaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844132|Ampasimanjeva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7333|48.0333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampasimanjeva.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844137|Ampasimboraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6667|47.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844143|Ampasipotsy, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.95|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845159|Analavory, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852326|Anorombato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0167|47.7833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anorombato (Manakara).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852718|Anteza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894085|Bekatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|47.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068399|Fenomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7667|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3258730|Lokomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1833|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277470|Mahabako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.7167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gare de Mahabako.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277549|Mahamaibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285727|Mangatsiotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2833|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294572|Marofarihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0333|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3301951|Mavorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7833|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3317053|Mitanty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.73|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3317335|Mizilo Gara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3341452|Nihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.771111|47.891111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3352730|Onilahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.715|47.63|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461499|Sahanambohitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8667|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461514|Saharefo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6667|47.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461523|Sahasinaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.8|47.8333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Faraony.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3469397|Sakoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2|47.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3491256|Sorombo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|47.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3516005|Tataho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2167|47.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555017|Vatana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2167|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3559402|Vinanitelo, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.0167|47.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562093|Vohilava, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7667|47.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562102|Vohimanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562106|Vohimasina Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7333|48.1333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohimasina Nord.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562108|Vohimasina Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.85|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562111|Vohimasy, Manakara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|47.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561863|Ambohitrova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.15903|47.73439|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466925|Betampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75057|48.07137|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466926|Kianjanomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.73718|47.80804|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466927|Manjarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.73399|47.84091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138648145|Ambandrika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''
| {{Coord|-22.21633|47.72684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138651824|Nosiala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''
| {{Coord|-22.08651|47.97154|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q266692|Ambatoharanana, Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|49.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q657286|Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|49.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842150|Ambodiampana, Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842190|Ambodivoanio]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1833|49.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852579|Antanambaobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.25|49.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852581|Antanambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4333|49.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285214|Manambolosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0333|49.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471960|Sandrakatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.3333|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473677|Saromaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.15|49.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3515190|Tanibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4|49.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185574|Mahanoro, Mananara Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.033333|49.366667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185577|Antanananivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.283333|49.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107185590|Imorona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031453|Mananara Nord District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2|49.833333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:RN5 IVONTAKA.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3554634|Vanono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q657286|Mananara Nord]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0333|49.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q633366|Andakatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.1|46.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841954|Ambatomarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.583|47.017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842222|Ambohimahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6667|47.0833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842253|Ambohimilanja, Manandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7|47.017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842273|Ambohipo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.85|47.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842343|Ambovombe Afovoany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.779|47.077|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846058|Andakatanikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.64237|47.049424|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850250|Anjoma Nandihizana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.834625|47.143543|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514438|Talata Vohimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.85|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20202104|Anjoman'ankona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6529|47.1042|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361960|Ambovobe Afovoany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772514|Ilanjana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.61796|47.02655|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136772519|Soatanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031454|Manandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.67043|47.06468|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q654408|Vohilava, Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.0667|48|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohilava (Mananjary).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2409463|Mahavoky Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8333|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423152|Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.231111|48.341944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mananjary - house.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:MG-Mananjary.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841505|Ambalahosy Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842185|Ambodinonoka, Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9833|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842246|Ambohimiarina II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3333|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842264|Ambohinihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|47.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846180|Andonabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4667|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846213|Andranambolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9|48.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852333|Anosimparihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5|47.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857636|Antsenavolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196307|Kianjavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3667|47.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277496|Mahaela]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.966667|48.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277610|Mahatsara Iefaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1165|48.3308|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277614|Mahatsara Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1229|48.3427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285192|Manakana Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3167|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294575|Marofototra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8667|48.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294591|Marokarima]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2167|48.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294622|Marosangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323695|Morafeno, Mananjary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3335482|Namorona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031450|Manakara]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-21.65|48.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3472059|Sandrohy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.6|47.9|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village de Sandrohy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541474|Tsaravary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.25|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541557|Tsiatosika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2|48.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555033|Vatohandrina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-21.55|47.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850254|Anjoma Ramartina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|45.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850306|Ankazomiriotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071458|Fidirana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5|46.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285551|Mandoto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5667|46.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3554906|Vasiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|46.2333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56300067|Vinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.616667|46.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360569|Ananambao Ambary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.59425|46.21274|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360571|Besohana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.407|46.5175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108739671|Maromandray]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q21008329|Mandoto]]''
| {{Coord|-19.583333|46.416667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q290448|Ampatakamaroreny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4833|48.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q456635|Ambarikorano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8833|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1028283|Mandritsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8333|48.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Couchée de soleil à Mandritsara.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841513|Ambalakirajy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8333|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841565|Ambaripaika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9167|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842061|Ambilombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.5333|49.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842132|Amboaboa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9333|48.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842147|Ambodiadabo, Mandritsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.11667|48.53305|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842274|Ambohisoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9833|48.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842333|Amborondolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|48.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846173|Andohajango]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9|48.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850237|Anjiabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.65|48.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850326|Ankiabe Salohy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6|48.7167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852580|Antanambaon'amberina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4167|49.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852583|Antananadava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.85|48.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857630|Antsatramidoladola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.6333|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857646|Antsirabe Afovoany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.95|48.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857651|Antsoha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7667|48.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3192110|Kalandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.75|48.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285220|Manampaneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.05|48.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294626|Marotandrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|48.8333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Jiro (lumière) à Marotandrano. Lever du jour sur un tombeau malgache - btv1b10111737m.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541472|Tsaratanana, Mandritsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.95|48.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552456|Ambinanifango]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7827|48.8068|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552497|Ambodiamontana Kianga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7579|48.9784|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552566|Andratamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.857|49.0505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552582|Ankiakabe Fonoko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.8411|49.0691|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552771|Antanandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.72749|48.71836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139552793|Antsiatsiaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.06004|49.10977|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139553098|Pont Sofia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.49693|48.61531|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139553134|Tsarajomoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1306995|Mandritsara District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7724|48.6227|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846240|Andranopasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2833|43.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850331|Ankiliabo, Manja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.7|43.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852307|Anontsibe Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3667|44.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893878|Beharona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.5167|44.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3123057|Manja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4333|44.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7549870|Soaserana, Manja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.1167|44.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138840737|Betsioky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031460|Manja]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4192|44.5811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1523009|Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.916667|47.799722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Station Manjakandriana 04.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Antananarivo Manjakandriana.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841938|Ambatomanga, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.966667|47.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Panorama du village d'Ambatomanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842288|Ambohitseheno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.783333|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4708396|Alarobia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.966667|47.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741008|Ambanitsena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.866667|47.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741164|Ambatolaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.933333|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741167|Ambatomena, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.783333|47.766667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741658|Ambohibary, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.866667|47.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741660|Ambohitrandriamanitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.083333|47.783333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohitrandriamanitra city - .jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741661|Ambohitrolomahitsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|47.683333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambohitrolomahitsy.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741663|Ambohitrony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75|47.76667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765801|Anjepy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.85|47.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765853|Anjoma Betoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.816667|47.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4766001|Ankazondandy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.683333|47.816667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Produits agricoles, Ankazondandy Madagascar (75691).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4777389|Antsahalalina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.733333|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6751996|Mantasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.016667|47.833333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village de Mantasoa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6819425|Merikanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.133333|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6827186|Miadanandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.033333|47.783333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Angavobe depuis l'est.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6963313|Nandihizana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.767|46.8691|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nandihizana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7293427|Ranovao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.816667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7397489|Sadabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.633333|47.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7408981|Sambaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|47.783333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sambaina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7549876|Soavinandriana, Manjakandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|47.883333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137212762|Ambohibao Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.74755|47.7489|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137212803|Ampaneva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031461|Manjakandriana District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.76429|47.69259|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849652|Tsifota]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3047044|Manombo Sud]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8233|43.3642|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q118175|Maroantsetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.433333|49.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Port Maroantsetra, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q542012|Ankofa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4|49.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q734228|Antsirabe Sahatany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4|49.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2384559|Anjanazana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.38699|49.75378|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2403574|Ambanizana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.625656|49.966774|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-15.61667|49.96667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambanizana plage.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842083|Ambinanitelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.35|49.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846223|Andranofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.4333|49.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Parcelle d'agroforesterie Ambodivoangy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846956|Androndrono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.75|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852555|Antakotako]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.3167|49.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857607|Antsahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.466667|50.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285211|Manambolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2833|49.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419032|Rantabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7|49.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Illegal rosewood stockpiles 005.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562938|Voloina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.5667|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107354760|Ambodimanga Rantabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.483333|49.916667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107354789|Anandrivola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.816667|49.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360526|Morafeno, Maroantsetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.766667|49.433333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360565|Mariarano, Maroantsetra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.35|49.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107360568|Ankofabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.5|49.616667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451875|Sahasindro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.383333|49.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136721303|Androndrona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-16.0168|49.2599|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136721309|Anjahana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.40967|49.87937|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136721330|Mahalevona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031469|Maroantsetra]]''
| {{Coord|-15.41316|49.91442|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294590|Marolambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.05|48.1167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora soulaiana (MNHN-IM-2000-5575).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746457|Ambalapaiso II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.0069|47.8427|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746493|Amboasary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7951|47.9869|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746497|Ambodinonoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.98333|47.88333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746501|Ambohimilanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.93066|47.97887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746504|Ambatofisaka II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.083333|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746505|Andonabe Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.926769|48.189251|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746508|Androrangavola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.266667|47.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746512|Anosiarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.20132|47.90047|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108619528|Betampona, Marolambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.20707|48.06684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138004369|Ambodivoahangy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.01497|47.85971|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138004550|Maromitety I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.13038|47.93259|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138004578|Tanambao Rabemanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031468|Marolambo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3421|47.9835|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q614364|Ankaraobato, Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.35|46.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q960509|Antanambao Andranolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9667|46.6833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La rizière d'Antanambao Andranolava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1902425|Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.111111|46.643889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842306|Ambolomoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|46.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850303|Ankazomborona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1167|46.75|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Arbetsbordet på vår veranda. S-te Marie de Marovoay. Madagaskar - SMVK - 021938.tif|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852334|Anosinalainolona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1833|46.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852601|Antanimasaka, Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2333|46.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895216|Bemaharivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1333|46.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285245|Manaratsandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1833|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294623|Marosakoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2333|46.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294685|Marovoay Banlieue]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9833|46.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541464|Tsararano, Marovoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1667|46.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138474307|Ankaboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031473|Marovoay District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.097554|46.539544|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS048-E-347 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2531012|Maintirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1514040|Melaky]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4|44.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-18.06354|44.02951|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Le port de Maintirano.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q864109|Morondava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344087|Menabe]]''
| {{Coord|-20.284722|44.3175|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Strada di Morondava.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:MG-Morondava.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3123066|Mahabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344087|Menabe]]''
| {{Coord|-20.383333|44.666667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Merops superciliosus, Mahabo, Madagascar 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2573754|Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5556|45.4508|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Miandrivazo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844101|Ampanihy, Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.488413|45.386389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852332|Anosimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6667|45.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mania oli 2017082 (Tsiribihina).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285209|Manambina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031493|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-20.0833|45.4833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eichhornia crassipes in Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138844854|Andranomainty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2573754|Miandrivazo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.65469|45.46707|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q155530|Miarinarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.960833|46.903611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Itasy lake.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q385368|Manazary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.52|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841952|Ambatomanjaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.53|46.52|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845161|Analavory, Miarinarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.58|46.43|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Analavory geyser near hot springs at Ampefy in Itasy - Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846175|Andolofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.45|46.38|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852329|Anosibe Ifanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.52|46.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853425|Antoby Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.072765|46.921887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285502|Mandiavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473670|Sarobaratra Ifanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.48|46.44|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487282|Soamahamanina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.59|47.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487314|Soavimbahoaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.41|46.06|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575707|Zoma Bealoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.51|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22002229|Miarinarivo II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-21.89803|47.67414|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138736796|Alatsinainikely]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031496|Miarinarivo]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9518|46.5463|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15181217|Ankazovelo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031497|Midongy-Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-23.633056|47|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15262610|Nosifeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031497|Midongy-Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-23.583333|47.016667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora tricarinata subdygana (MNHN-IM-2000-5534).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137887031|Bevaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031497|Midongy-Atsimo]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4737|47.14156|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099442|Mitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16|45.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841562|Ambarimaninga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857067|Antongomena Bevary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.95|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857637|Antseza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.2167|45.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village d'Ambararatabe, Complexe-Mahavavy-Kinkony, Boeny, Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894095|Bekipay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.25|46.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194218|Katsepy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.7667|46.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Debarquadaire de Katsepy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3299328|Matsakabanja]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031506|Mitsinjo District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.9167|45.8333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:PRIORI Madagascar 20190830 093116.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846212|Andramy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.963536|44.785535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896885|Beravina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1|45.13|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Route Beravina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323702|Morafenobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-17.819306|44.925167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111941481|Antranokoaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031551|Morafenobe District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.1|44.666667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2007666|Andasibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9333|48.4167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andasibe National Park, Madagascar (4027581120).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2412559|Amboasary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4333|48.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423165|Moramanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.583333|48.383333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Moramanga - marketplace.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841989|Ambatovola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8833|48.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842211|Ambohidronono]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75|48.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844146|Ampasipotsy Mandialaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|48.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844147|Ampasipotsy Gare]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|48.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846055|Andaingo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.2|48.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852331|Anosibe Ifody]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9167|48.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852587|Antanandava, Moramanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0833|47.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852596|Antaniditra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.85|48.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893788|Beforona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|48.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894239|Belavabary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8333|48|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896840|Beparasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1667|48.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071547|Fierenana, Moramanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4833|48.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3216445|Lakato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1833|48.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285504|Mandialaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6167|48.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323727|Moramanga Suburbaine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94|48.23|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323749|Morarano Gare]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.71|48.27|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3460686|Sabotsy Anjiro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.8833|47.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562050|Vodiriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1667|48.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31361989|Ampasipotsy Gara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107389269|Ambohibary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.91323|48.22846|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136705423|Analasoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.94749|48.22577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136705453|Bembary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031553|Moramanga District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.28111|48.26791|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve Mangoro Bembary.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q733702|Antongo Vaovao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.4|43.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1028252|Morombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.748889|43.363056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Three Brothers Baobab Andombiry Morombe Madagascar - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Morombe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841482|Ambahikily]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.607964|43.675563|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852607|Antanimeva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2333|43.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2886776|Basibasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1667|43.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893727|Befandefa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1333|43.3|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andavadoaka 09.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893728|Befandriana Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-22.1|43.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3344385|Nosy Ambositra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.9167|43.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19765998|Ankatsakatsa Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.88187|43.89502|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137824722|Tanandava Station]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031550|Morombe]]''
| {{Coord|-21.70662|43.74294|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q589159|Ankotrofotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.8|45.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1099530|Ankavandra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7667|45.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841928|Ambatolahy, Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20|45.5333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845140|Analaiva]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3333|44.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850358|Ankondromena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3833|45.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893730|Befasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5667|44.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895044|Belo sur Mer]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.733333|44|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rue principale de Belo sur Mer - Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895221|Bemahatazana, Miandrivazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5333|45.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895242|Bemanonga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.2833|44.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900156|Betsipolitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|45.15|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3011606|Dabolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6333|45.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155121|Isalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7333|45.4333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155983|Itondy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.05|45.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285229|Manandaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|45.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487281|Soaloka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5333|45.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138827357|Marofandilia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031555|Morondava District]]''
| {{Coord|-20.133466|44.547668|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Furcifer oustaleti.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841487|Ambahy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.775|48.475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842163|Ambodilafa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5|48.1833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844141|Ampasinambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5167|48|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sakaleona à Ambalahasina.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846967|Androrangovola]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5167|48.2333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Androrangavola (Nosy Varika).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893765|Befody]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7667|47.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071096|Fiadanana, Nosy Varika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4333|48.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461530|Sahavato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6|48.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-20.6|48.33333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487318|Soavina Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.3833|48.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562091|Vohilava, Nosy Varika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7|48.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562117|Vohindroa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6758|48.1912|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve Sakaleona.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562130|Vohitrandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.75|48.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107427324|Fanivelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.606|48.438|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q617831|Andranolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.65|44.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2762606|Sakaraha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.916667|44.549722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sakaraha.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842088|Ambinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6167|44.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842330|Amboronabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.6667|44.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846061|Andalamasina Vineta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-23.0167|44.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2896998|Bereketa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1167|44.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277486|Mahaboboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|44.3333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahaboboka Fiangonana Ôrtôdôksa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307919|Miary Lamatihy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8667|44.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307921|Miary Taheza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1333|44.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3313070|Mihavatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|44.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3313784|Mikoboka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.75|44.0667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561691|Mitsinjo, Sakaraha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031797|Sakaraha]]''
| {{Coord|-22.812|43.827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2378878|Analamaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2|49.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora soulaiana (MNHN-IM-2000-5574).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2397855|Bevonotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.05|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841911|Ambatoafo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1167|49.6833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Neonauclea foveolata Capuron (P00553250).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842139|Amboangibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1333|49.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842151|Ambodiampana, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5333|49.8667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambodiampana Lokoho.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842191|Ambodivoara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4|49.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842225|Ambohimalaza, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3167|50.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842256|Ambohimitsinjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3|49.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846206|Andrahanjo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3|49.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846251|Andratamarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.35|49.9167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850230|Anjangoveratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1333|50.0833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rue centrale Antanandava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850242|Anjialava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.0667|49.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850246|Anjinjaomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.3|49.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2853299|Antindra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1333|49.8167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antindra.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857602|Antsahambaharo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5333|49.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857611|Antsahavaribe, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9833|49.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895234|Bemanevika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1167|50.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047037|Marojala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.47|50.0333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bingiza 2011-02-10 1200Z.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066768|Farahalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.45|50.155|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maison traditionnelle Andranovato.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar location map.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294557|Maroambiny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4667|49.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294580|Marogaona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.1833|49.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3323694|Morafeno, Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.4|50.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3344352|Nosiarina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2167|50.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bemarivo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514951|Tanambao Daoud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9833|50.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q254480|Sambava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.266667|50.166667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sambava, rue du marché.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55532746|Ampanavoana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.68333|50.36667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535809|Manakambahiny Ankavia]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.2749|50.0704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109535810|Sahantaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-15.0416|50.3459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109743324|Andampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q368066|Antalaha District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.9398|49.9121|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Forêt secondaire d'Andampy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455005|Ambalavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.7052|49.7529|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ambalavelona (Andapa).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455007|Ambodidivaina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.6112|49.4298|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455011|Andasibe Kobahina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.55851|49.60543|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455013|Andranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455017|Belaoka Lokoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3030859|Andapa District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.5598|49.7334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455019|Andapabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.2319|49.6515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455021|Andrembona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.20182|49.79012|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126455023|Mahasoa Antindra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031808|Sambava District]]''
| {{Coord|-14.0613|49.7976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2480172|Soalala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1|45.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Namoroka Tsingy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842266|Ambohipaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.4167|44.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846233|Andranomavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5667|45.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138496974|Antsakoamileka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031857|Soalala District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.1161|45.4195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2387366|Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9167|49.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841489|Ambahoabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7667|49.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842155|Ambodiampana, Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8167|49.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846072|Andapafito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9167|49.3833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852597|Antanifotsy, Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.8667|49.6333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852676|Antenina, Soanierana Ivongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.5667|49.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3079761|Fotsialanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.9333|49.4833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3286442|Manompana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031859|Soanierana-Ivongo]]''
| {{Coord|-16.6833|49.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Longhorn Beetle (Phryneta marmorea) (8560514956).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451896|Ambinanisakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107185603|Soanierana Ivongo District]]''
| {{Coord|-16.95|49.583333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474439|Ampefy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.44|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Chute de la Lili.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841913|Ambatoasana Centre]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.44|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.05|46.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842035|Amberomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.15|46.37|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:TErroir d'Amberomanga, Ankazobe Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844107|Amparaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.19|46.38|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.316667|46.633333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amparaky Geyser.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844120|Ampary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.11|46.35|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fabrication de brique Ampary.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850289|Ankaranana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3|46.37|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850349|Ankisabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.17|46.29|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852594|Antanetibe, Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.7|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3036250|Dondona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.19997|46.87506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3117789|Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.166667|46.733056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Culture de maïs à Soavinandriana Itasy (45178).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277645|Mahavelona, Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1|46.31|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Thorianite-54888.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285228|Mananasy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.9|46.39|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297267|Masindray, Soavinandriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.16|46.44|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514877|Tamponala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.18|46.23|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451869|Ambohidanerana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.20534|46.78751|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138748752|Amparibohitra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031860|Soavinandriana]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2661|46.69945|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746496|Ambodimanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746511|Ankirihiry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746521|Firaisana Anjoma]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746525|Morarano (Tamatave I)]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746532|Tanambao 5]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031888|Toamasina I]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3079900|Mahavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.686111|49.518333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Foulpointe.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746495|Ambodilazana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.12006|49.12161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746498|Ambodiriana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.92201|49.26703|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746502|Ampasibe Onibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.62436|49.34922|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746503|Ampasimadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4165|49.16741|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746506|Andondabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.766|49.3866|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746507|Andranobolaha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.29094|49.05423|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746513|Antenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.82259|48.95657|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746514|Antetezambaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0133|49.3997|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746520|Fanandrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.252778|49.2675|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746523|Mangabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7915|49.20834|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746531|Sahambala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.94122|49.11125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746534|Toamasina suburbaine]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.12623|49.31913|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20991301|Ifito]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.0799|48.9132|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage dans la côte Est de Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56246934|Amboditandroho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.31487|49.32319|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108672896|Amporoforo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.8566|49.1515|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108672978|Satrandroy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-18.083333|48.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138010360|Ampisokina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031893|Toamasina II]]''
| {{Coord|-17.7336|49.2682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q458081|Ambohimahavelona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4333|43.8833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11221 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q549286|Mandrofify]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5167|43.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842303|Ambolofoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5333|43.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845132|Anakao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.6667|43.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Anakao South of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845150|Analamisampy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4667|43.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846248|Andranovory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1333|44.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850332|Ankililoake]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.7667|43.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850336|Ankilimalinike]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.95|43.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852604|Antanimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|44.1|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11222 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893881|Beheloke]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.901666|43.763535|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Annales du Muse colonial de Marseille (1907-1954) (18405543112).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893919|Behompy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.25|43.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894208|Belalanda]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2833|43.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Beach Ifaty II.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047044|Manombo Sud]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.95|43.4667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manombo.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294577|Marofoty]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9333|43.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294601|Maromiandra, Toliara II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2667|43.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307918|Miary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|43.7333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JMLeb 1988 Mad Fiherena 24.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3314057|Milenaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.8333|43.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461830|Saint Augustin]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|43.7667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-23.55|43.77|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JMLEB 002 StAugustin.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487277|Soalara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.59632|43.71305|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS012-E-11219 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541549|Tsianisiha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|43.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5347552|Efoetsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-24.078056|43.698611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, south-western Madagascar (4315971898).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135962743|Andranohinaly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35152|43.96298|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:JNB-MRU 22.08.2009 13-18-43.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137844754|Soahazo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031916|Toliara II]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4618|43.67722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198865|Kopoky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q162020|Toliara Province]]''
| {{Coord|-25.2|45.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q611106|Sarobaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.45|47.3333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2638514|Tsaratanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7972|47.6528|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-16.79706|47.65165|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eglise de Tsaratanana.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841494|Ambakireny]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6667|47.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846860|Andriamena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4333|47.5|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Andriamena village entrance.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894080|Bekapaika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.75|47.5667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900131|Betrandraka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.0333|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2925205|Brieville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5667|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194860|Keliloha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.2667|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285190|Manakana, Tsaratanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.75|47.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541466|Tsararova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-16.7|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113288894|Sakoamadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.19748|48.03389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113450176|Isinko]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.0848|47.24405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138139138|Ampandrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031933|Tsaratanana]]''
| {{Coord|-17.31149|47.84004|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852635|Antaritarika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.4|45.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3067590|Faux Cap]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.5667|45.5167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.135.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149158|Imongy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3167|45.7333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294675|Marovato, Tsiombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.3167|45.7333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-25.533333|45.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541560|Tsiombe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.317|45.485|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Toliara Tsiombe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137561752|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-24.39893|45.0836|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137561825|Behazomanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1863|45.368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137562546|Nikoly]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031931|Tsihombe]]''
| {{Coord|-25.387884|45.43066|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q672726|Ankadinondry Sakay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9667|46.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:2009 11 25 Madagascar Ankadinondry-Sakay.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q928527|Tsiroanomandidy Fihaonana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7|45.9167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar families by region Ankaditapaka 058.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1649287|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7698|46.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rue principale de Tsiroanomandidy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841529|Ambalanirana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75|46.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841558|Ambararatabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.99|46.19|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841932|Ambatolampy, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9|46.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850317|Ankerana Avaratra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.5833|46.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2852341|Anosy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7333|46.4167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895053|Belobaka, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9833|45.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895228|Bemahatazana, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.35|46|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900376|Bevato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.6833|46.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3071542|Fierenana, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.545|45.847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277601|Mahasolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1167|46.3667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Photobongolava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294581|Maroharana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2833|46.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307889|Miandanarivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9167|45.9333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487300|Soanierana, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-20.629|47.345|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541587|Tsinjoarivo, Tsiroanomandidy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9333|46.3167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138507006|Antsahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-18.78955|46.4624|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138507110|Fiadanantsoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.10389|46.35969|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138507184|Maritampona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031930|Tsiroanomandidy]]''
| {{Coord|-19.03767|46.11521|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q649284|Mandromodromotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9167|47.0333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q780837|Mandiso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8833|46.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q985492|Manantenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.283333|47.316667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Manantenina street view.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2421265|Ranopiso]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.05|46.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Grandidierite-169886.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841910|Ambatoabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.85|46.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844138|Ampasimena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.3667|47.1667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844150|Ampasy Nahampoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9667|46.9833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845148|Analamary, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.2333|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845155|Analapatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.25|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846235|Andranombory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1167|46.5167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850282|Ankaramena, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0167|46.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900412|Bevoay]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.4833|47.0167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS009-E-15751 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053691|Enakara-Haut]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.608796|46.702528|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3053697|Enaniliha]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.65|46.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068398|Fenoevo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6833|46.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147185|Iabakoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148083|Ifarantsa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9333|46.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155112|Isaka-Ivondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.8|46.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277605|Mahatalaky]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.7833|47.0833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.101.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285205|Manambaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0333|46.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419016|Ranomafana, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.5667|46.9667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3473471|Sarasambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.1|46.7833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487298|Soanierana, Taolanaro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25|46.8833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS066-E-155273 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362060|Sarisambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-25.0975|46.7951|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31362061|Iaboakoho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6099|47.1823|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643651|Ankariera]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.9994|46.6065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643663|Ankilivalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.975309|46.639755|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643753|Emagnobo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.6224|47.0026|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643841|Soavary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.1805|47.3232|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137643852|Tanandava Mandrare]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031894|Tôlanaro]]''
| {{Coord|-24.41011|46.99865|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q571099|Antanifotsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1463029|Vakinankaratra]]''
| {{Coord|-20.133333|47.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.65|47.31667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Church Notre Dame de la Salette Antanifotsy.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q583184|Antsirabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q1463029|Vakinankaratra]]''
| {{Coord|-19.866667|47.033333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsirabe - rue principale02.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q266154|Ranomena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.42|47.264|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ranomena, district de Vangaindrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q338376|Ambatolava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5667|47.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q684240|Isahara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.7167|47.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q974789|Manambondro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8|47.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS066-E-155549 - View of Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842322|Ambongo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.45|47.2667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tropidophora bemaraensis (MNHN-IM-2000-5433).jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844113|Amparihy Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.98|47.324|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-23.95|47.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844121|Ampasimalemy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.342166|47.578477|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844151|Ampataka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.24|47.72|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2849972|Anilobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.1833|47.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894087|Bekaraoka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.4667|47.6167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895214|Bema]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.16354|47.552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2900375|Bevata]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.283|47.283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047030|Vangaindrano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.35|47.605|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-23.35|47.61|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vangaindrano.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068385|Fenoambany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.8167|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147358|Iara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.083|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193238|Karimbary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|47.583|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3258088|Lohafary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.25|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3259285|Lopary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.197|47.674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294592|Marokibo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.683|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3297265|Masianaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.583333|47.583333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lagoon Masihanaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3298217|Matanga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.5167|47.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471964|Sandravinany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-24.033|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3487287|Soamanova]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.2833|47.6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541551|Tsianofana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.38625|47.54198|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541552|Tsiately]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.317|47.617|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3555019|Vatanato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.667|47.25|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562098|Vohimalaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.717|47.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562120|Vohipaho]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.55|47.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562129|Vohitrambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.3|47.533|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137910679|Fonilaza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.30347|47.55438|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137913221|Mahabe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031946|Vangaindrano]]''
| {{Coord|-23.74132|47.55988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746530|Sahamatevina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q2638549|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.271|48.9185|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2638549|Vatomandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.330833|48.978056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vatomandry-plage.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841496|Ambalabe, Vatomandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.235436|48.641407|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-19.1994|48.6199|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6736825|Maintinandry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.43|48.930833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746522|Ilaka Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5478|48.8493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746527|Nierenana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.0878|48.8493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746533|Tanambao Vahatrakaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4339|48.8123|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746536|Tsivangiana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6526|48.7793|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20967403|Ambodivoananto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3317|48.918|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20968458|Ifasina II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3167|48.6104|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20970634|Amboditavolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.1747|48.8825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20970732|Ampasimazava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.6604|48.6605|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20970733|Ambalavolo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2178|48.7884|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20991238|Antanambao Mahatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3128|48.7618|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cascade à Antanambao Mahatsara.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004612|Ampasimadinika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.5381|48.6859|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004639|Ifasina I]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4216|48.6869|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ifasina 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108649570|Niarovana Caroline]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.575278|48.798056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108672835|Ambodinonoka Rangalana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.2503|48.95843|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109905529|Ifasina III]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3656|48.5956|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138019910|Iamborano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.3924|48.7701|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138020026|Tsarasambo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031949|Vatomandry]]''
| {{Coord|-19.4138|48.8706|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q736946|Nosy Varika]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.583333|48.533333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nosy Varika - bridge (1).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107439674|Ambakobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6807|48.1072|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107439702|Ambodiara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.6506|47.9788|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125379145|Antaretra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.076|47.845|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antaretra (Mananjary).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094239|Ambohitsara Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-20.8712|48.4139|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094240|Andranomavo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-20.9188|48.1366|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094241|Ankatafana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.3648|48.2546|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094244|Marofody]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.27002|48.26811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094246|Tsarahafatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3031457|Mananjary]]''
| {{Coord|-21.2529|48.2113|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094247|Ambodirian'i Sahafary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.4956|48.4418|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094248|Andara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.7965|48.4029|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094250|Angodongodona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5261|47.7536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126094251|Antanambao]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q107377358|Vatovavy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q946166|Nosy Varika]]''
| {{Coord|-20.5467|47.875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1939515|Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4667|49.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841921|Ambatoharanana, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3|49.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842180|Ambodimangavalo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.5167|48.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842200|Ambohibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.45|49.1167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844135|Ampasimazava, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.6667|49.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846079|Andasibe, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3333|48.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850222|Anjahambe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.3833|49.1333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294603|Maromitety]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.4833|49.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307910|Miarinarivo, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.65|49.1|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461526|Sahatavy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.45|49|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107451898|Tanamarina, Vavatenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031958|Vavatenina]]''
| {{Coord|-17.51816|49.19425|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q218954|Vohemar]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.375|50.01|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vohemar, port et plage.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416056|Ampisikina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.9333|49.8|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ISS048-E-58900 - View of Earth.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2841539|Ambalasatrana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7333|49.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842069|Ambinanin'andravory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7667|49.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842327|Amboriala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7833|49.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844097|Ampanefena]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.8667|49.9667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ampanefena, Sava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844468|Ampondra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.4167|49.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846203|Andrafainkona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7333|49.4667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846254|Andravory]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.7833|49.7|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857612|Antsahavaribe, Vohemar]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.85|49.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857647|Antsirabe Nord]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.9667|49.9667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Antsirabe-Nord, (Sava).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894211|Belambo, Vohemar]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.95|49.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907901|Bobakindro]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.4667|49.6833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3015981|Daraina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.2|49.6667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Daraina, Sava.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3066321|Fanambana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.55|49.9833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fanambana, Sava (ville).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294604|Maromokotra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-12.95|49.5667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Le fleuve Loky-à-Maromokotra-SAVA-Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3314015|Milanoa]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.5833|49.7833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-13.58333|49.78333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3344354|Nosibe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.15|49.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3541454|Tsarabaria]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031984|Vohemar District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1143915|Sava Region]]''
| {{Coord|-13.75|49.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tsarabaria.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1453804|Mahasoabe, Fianarantsoa II]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.59|47.2167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830432|Alakamisy Itenina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.644|47.161|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846238|Andranomiditra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.667|47.317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846246|Andranovorivato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.63|46.988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277490|Mahaditra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.75|47.1|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Campaign in Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562103|Vohimarina Lamosina]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''
| {{Coord|-21.64|46.898889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562125|Vohitrafeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725841|Vohibato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440747|Haute Matsiatra]]''
| {{Coord|-21.667|47.217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q474422|Brickaville]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.819444|49.073611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zuckerrohrfabrik Brickaville.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4777391|Antsampanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.981111|48.941944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:AntsampananaHauptstr.Moschee.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13105654|Andevoranto]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.954444|49.109444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Madagascar74.096.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640057|Ampasimbe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-19|48.7133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640058|Andekaleka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.681|48.5729|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640059|Anivorano Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7327|48.97|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640061|Anjahamana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.3272|48.9153|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640064|Fetraomby]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.633333|48.9|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lohariendava (Île de Madagascar). Les travaux en tranchée. Chemin de fer. Tournée d'Antsirabé du général Gallieni (1903).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640065|Lohariandava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.7703|48.7029|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lohariendava (Madagaskar), Formation d'un train de transit. Chemin de fer de Tananarive a la Cote-Orientale.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640066|Mahatsara]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.95|49.016667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maisons traditionnelles du village de Mahatsara, au nord de Fasintsara.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640068|Maroseranana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.373|48.778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640069|Ranomafana Est]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.9641|48.8445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640070|Razanaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.769444|48.881667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640072|Vohitranivona]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.75714|49.15154|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage Madagascar, Manambato.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20706293|Ambinaninony]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.561278|49.171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746485|Ambohimanana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4948|48.6409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20746488|Ambalarondra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031055|Vohibinany]]''
| {{Coord|-18.4856|49.0264|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q648288|Lanivo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2833|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q658939|Andemaka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2638540|Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.35|47.8333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2850291|Ankarimbary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.8833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3047048|Savana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3833|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148087|Ifatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4|47.75|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148609|Ilakatra]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.35|47.6667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156272|Ivato, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.388|47.867639|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277479|Mahabo, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3333|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277599|Mahasoabe, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2667|47.7667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277655|Mahazoarivo, Vohipeno]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3167|47.5833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3337030|Nato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.8167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3352746|Onjatsy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4|47.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461489|Sahalava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.2667|47.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562089|Vohilany]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.40658|47.88168|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562115|Vohindava]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.8667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562131|Vohitrindry]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109313604|Fitovinany]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3833|47.85|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fleuve du Matitanana.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561791|Zafindrafady]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4044|47.6007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109561862|Amborobe]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.266667|47.866667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117475036|Antananabo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.424444|47.726111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130466930|Anoloka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031980|Vohipeno]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3641|47.89708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q610203|Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.82|47.32|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842228|Ambohimana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.533|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2845319|Anandravy]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9|47.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2846057|Andakana]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.517|47.45|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2856984|Antokonala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-23|47.367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147224|Iamonta]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.683|47.433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156274|Ivato, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.2667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193161|Karianga]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4167|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277620|Mahatsinjo, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.815|47.453|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Eucamptognathus laferti (from projects.biodiversity.be) ID-380.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277643|Mahavelo, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3667|47.3667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277656|Mahazoarivo, Vondrozo]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.65|47.2833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cooking bread fruit.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285208|Manambidala]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.75|47.267|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3285277|Manato]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.4|47.483|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-22.4|47.48333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3294628|Maroteza]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3|47.2|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562087|Vohiboreka]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.3167|47.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3562105|Vohimary]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.9667|47.2833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137915695|Ambodirano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.721115|47.429115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137915718|Andoharano]]''
|
| [[Madagásíkà|Madagáskàr]]
| ''[[:d:Q3031983|Vondrozo]]''
| {{Coord|-22.866071|47.337639|display=inline}}
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
5urtzlfgnaepc3q438jhy1x0u0r49gm
Oníṣe:GerardM/Communes of Mali
2
67170
622288
622048
2026-06-14T00:44:52Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622288
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1758856 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131144539|Tadriante]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131144552|Tamalet (Mali)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131144561|Aladi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131436195|Anouzagrène]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131436279|Aghazraghane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131441083|Inlamawane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131531665|Tissalatène]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131650922|Téguerert]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131669317|Ouroli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131672861|Intadeyne]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131672918|Inagade]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131672920|Inhinita]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131684348|Iréli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131685154|Menthely]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
| {{Coord|14.5623|-3.3453|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131701803|Gallou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131720347|Chiman]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131721761|Sal]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132778258|Digan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132798552|Boudjiguiré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132798571|Madina-Kagoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138605423|Beïty Bimiya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
|
| {{Coord|15.3822|-5.4822|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136562527|Localité malienne]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q136687041|Almoustrat Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|17.3598|0.5891|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27694860|Commune 6]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| [[Bamako]]
| {{Coord|12.57491|-7.94262|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27694861|Commune 5]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| [[Bamako]]
| {{Coord|12.58297|-8.00235|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27694863|Commune 2]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q55747176|Bamako]]''<br/>[[Bamako]]
| {{Coord|12.6485|-7.97782|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27694865|Commune 3 (Bamako)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q55747176|Bamako]]''
| {{Coord|12.65427|-8.01531|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2548982|Bamba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q140140060|Bamba (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|17.035|-1.405|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mairie de Bamba.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6686248|Lougourougoumbou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.697086|-3.765303|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q848574|Bougouni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.416667|-7.483333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.41769|-7.48323|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bougouni-bus-station.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUGOUNI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q628247|Temera]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q474936|Bourem Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|17|-0.954167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TEMERA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131684410|Kontza]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131441571|cercle de Konna]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27694864|Commune 1 (Bamako)]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q2115792|cercle of Mali]]''
| {{Coord|12.66581|-7.94455|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1625871|Hombori]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q2358526|Douentza]]''
| {{Coord|15.278889|-1.697778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hombori village.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - HOMBORI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Gao]]
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1493783|Gao Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.266667|-0.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tombeau dAskia in Gao by David Sessoms.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:ML-Gao.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q531009|Gabero]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.041944|0.119722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GABERO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762662|Soni Ali Ber]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139917020|Soni Aliber (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|16.471111|-0.114444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SONY ALIBER.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1813511|Tessit]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.216667|0.7|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TESSIT.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1893871|Bourra]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570016|Ansongo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.472778|0.694167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOURRA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1988973|Inékar]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.959444|3.141111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - INEKAR.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2215230|Gounzoureye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1493783|Gao Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.193056|-0.036111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUNZOUREYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2332512|Tidermène]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.61|2.42|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIDERMENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2337119|Bourem]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q474936|Bourem Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.954167|-0.350278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUREM.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418678|Ouattagouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136687021|Ouattagouna Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.178611|0.723889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUATTAGOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418688|Talataye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.705833|0.41|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TALATAYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418721|Andéramboukane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.4275|3.0175|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ANDERAMBOUKANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418736|Tarkint]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136687041|Almoustrat Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|17.477013|-0.116286|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TARKINT.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418763|Alata]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.949444|2.66|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418777|N'Tillit]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.546111|-0.460556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:NTillit, Mali 01.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'TILLIT.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418798|Anchawadi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136687031|Djebock Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.333611|0.276111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ANCHAWADI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418814|Tin-Hama]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570016|Ansongo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.516667|0.416667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIN HAMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418829|Taboye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q474936|Bourem Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.8725|-0.320278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TABOYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418840|Tilemsi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.250833|-0.205833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TILEMSI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2418855|Bara]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570016|Ansongo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.807222|0.324444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2620152|Ansongo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332392|Gao Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570016|Ansongo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.665|0.502778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Cercle of Ansongo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194182|Katogola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.87388|-5.59106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q507761|Karakoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.273056|-11.703472|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KARAKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q772982|Koussané]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.884167|-11.234722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUSSANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759742|Djélébou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.965556|-11.585556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJELEBOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760144|Diamou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.093889|-11.266944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAMOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461536|Sahel]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.376111|-11.473889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3490722|Sony]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.7131|-12.0514|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.715|-12.053889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25396106|Mélo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.7775|-11.023333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q519137|Madiga Sacko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231874|Diéma Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.361944|-9.306944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.362|-9.306|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MADIGA SACKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q528878|Fanga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.004722|-10.418333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FANGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q535952|Béma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.041111|-9.353333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BEMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q590959|Fégui]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423755|cercle de Ambidédi]]''
| {{Coord|14.618056|-12.148056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FEGUI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q600464|Bangassi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.496111|-11.507778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANGASSI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q640357|Dianguirdé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.603333|-9.438611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.299|-9.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIEOURA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q653829|Faléa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.264722|-11.275278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FALEA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q684244|Diaye Coura]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.120278|-10.102222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.18|-9.984|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAYE COURA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q728300|Sidibela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136981415|Cercle de Oussoubidiagna]]''
| {{Coord|13.946111|-11.078056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIDIBELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q924368|Diéma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231874|Diéma Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.533333|-9.2|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Shlomo peretz Diema.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIEMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q941246|Diafounou Gory]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.067778|-10.842778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAFOUNOU GORY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q956695|Dombia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.777778|-11.051667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOMBIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q957994|Gogui]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.685833|-9.329722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOGUI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965777|Guidimakan Keri Kafo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.61|-11.844722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.6125|-11.843889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUIDIMAKAN KERI KAFF.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1125876|Guénégoré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.813056|-11.040556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.727778|-11.019444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUENEGORE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759175|Gounfan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.4925|-11.090278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUNFAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759181|Gomitradougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231874|Diéma Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.446667|-8.372778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOMITRADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759185|Mahina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.296389|-10.648889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MAHINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759190|Diokeli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.330556|-10.779722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOKELI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759197|Niambia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.073333|-10.791111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIAMBIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759420|Fatao]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.324722|-9.531111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FATAO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759431|Tomora]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136981415|Cercle de Oussoubidiagna]]''
| {{Coord|14.2475|-10.461944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOMORA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759449|Koundian]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.158889|-10.680278|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Koundian-1872.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUNDIAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759456|Diakon]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136981415|Cercle de Oussoubidiagna]]''
| {{Coord|14.6275|-10.734722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAKON.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759667|Bamafele]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.095556|-10.396667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAMAFELE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759674|Kontela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136981415|Cercle de Oussoubidiagna]]''
| {{Coord|14.766389|-11.102222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONTELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759686|Diallan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136981415|Cercle de Oussoubidiagna]]''
| {{Coord|14.36|-10.690556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALLAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759726|Falémé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423755|cercle de Ambidédi]]''
| {{Coord|14.455|-12.199444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FALEME.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759731|Khouloum]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.471389|-11.364444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.45|-11.37083|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KHOULOUM.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759868|Kroukoto]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.608167|-10.404056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUROUKOTO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759886|Marintoumania]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423743|cercle de Ségala]]''
| {{Coord|14.583889|-10.8675|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MARINTOUMANIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759898|Sansankidé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.423333|-9.964722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANSANKIDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759907|Somankidy]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.505|-11.356944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOMANKIDY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759913|Dabia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.668611|-11.138889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DABIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759919|Maréna Diombougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423743|cercle de Ségala]]''
| {{Coord|14.338889|-11.274722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MARENA DIOMBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759932|Sagalo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>[[Mali|Málì]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.160556|-11.081944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.2|-10.7|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAGALO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759944|Kassama]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.054444|-11.123889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KASSAMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760139|Samé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.399167|-11.599167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.48333|-11.56667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAME DIOMBOMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760161|Kouniakary]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423743|cercle de Ségala]]''
| {{Coord|14.579722|-10.901111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ecole de Kayes CHSFOS 05.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONIAKARY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760662|Youri]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.104722|-9.813889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YOURI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760668|Kremis Kaniaga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.350556|-10.345833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KREMIS.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760674|Toya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.193611|-10.699167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOYA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760680|Gavinane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.135|-9.893611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GAVINANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760694|Guidimé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.1125|-10.587222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUIDIME.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760700|Soumpou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.005833|-10.463889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUMPOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760717|Konsiga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.990833|-11.018889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONSIGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760720|Kirané Kaniaga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.327222|-10.549167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KIRANE KANIAGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760727|Kadiaba Kadiel]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.129444|-9.651389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KADIABA KADIEL.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760731|Diafounou Diongaga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.076389|-10.885|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAFOUNOU DIONGAGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760807|Gory]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.108333|-10.763889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GORY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760812|Diabigue]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.152778|-9.322778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIABIGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1832779|Logo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134604407|cercle de Diamou]]''
| {{Coord|14.283333|-11.265278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.283333|-11.266667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dinguira-Logo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LOGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1990215|Koréra Koré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.131667|-11.0275|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.142|-8.955|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KORERA KORE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2031841|Lakamané]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.509444|-9.91|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.506|-9.907|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LAKAMANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2044171|Sitakilly]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.106944|-11.2325|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SITAKILY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2103621|Kéméné Tambo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423755|cercle de Ambidédi]]''
| {{Coord|14.585278|-11.76|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.583333|-11.783333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KEMENE TAMBO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2122227|Trougoumbé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.266|-9.229|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TROUNGOUMBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2131962|Dialafara]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134441200|cercle de Sadiola]]''
| {{Coord|13.463056|-11.379722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.460556|-11.378611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALAFARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2136253|Marekaffo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.806111|-10.551389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.0125|-10.941667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MAREKAFFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2148141|Sadiola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134441200|cercle de Sadiola]]''
| {{Coord|13.891111|-11.692778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sadiola.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SADIOLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2183310|Dioumara Koussata]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231874|Diéma Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.538056|-8.566111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.54|-8.568|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOUMARA KOUSSATA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2208935|Hawa Dembaya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.375556|-11.367222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - HAWA DEMBAYA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2226977|Tafacirga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423755|cercle de Ambidédi]]''
| {{Coord|14.758611|-12.171944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TAFACIRGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2289775|Bayé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.922222|-11.074167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2296980|Guédébiné]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.128056|-9.367778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.044|-9.354|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUEDEBINE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2327958|Baniéré Koré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.207222|-9.151667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANIERE KORE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2345320|Séro Diamanou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.766389|-11.102222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.811111|-11.0625|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SERO DIAMANOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416663|Oualia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q648765|Bafoulabé Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.593889|-10.3775|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Oualia.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUALIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2427869|Kéniéba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.0975|-11.395278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KENIEBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2440927|Gory Gopela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.7175|-11.348889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GORY GOPELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2489367|Grouméra]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.809444|-9.154722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.828333|-9.14|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GROUMERA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2490275|Faraba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537779|Kéniéba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.861389|-11.3925|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARABA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2595126|Fassoudébé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.116667|-9.438056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.119|-9.435|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FASSOU DEBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2671374|Yéréré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.257222|-9.429444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.259|-9.427|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YERERE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2688657|Diangounté]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.545|-9.513|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIANGOUNTE CAMARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2775179|Colimbiné]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.511389|-11.211389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.511111|-11.21|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - COLIMBINE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2781967|Liberté Dembaya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.452778|-11.476944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.465|-11.491111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LIBERTE DEMBAYA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2961743|Nioro Tougouné Rangabé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.271389|-9.628056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.22|-8.854|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIORO TOUGOUNE RANGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3003144|Gouméra]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538145|Kayes Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.557222|-11.3|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.5575|-11.298611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUMERA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3026276|Dianguirdé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231874|Diéma Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.488611|-9.016111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.494|-9.015|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIANGUIRDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3026354|Diarra]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.3175|-9.321389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIARRA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118879|Guémoukouraba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.263889|-9.320833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.234444|-9.292778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUEMOUKOURABA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3122488|Guétéma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.035278|-9.565833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.116667|-9.583333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUETEMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3216658|Lambidou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.312222|-9.550833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.3136|-9.5515|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LAMBIDOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3471815|Sandare]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.703889|-10.305833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.7|-10.3|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sandaré.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANDARE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3510535|Ségala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q332113|Kayes Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135423743|cercle de Ségala]]''
| {{Coord|14.534722|-10.949444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.0625|-10.972222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEGALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q357768|Aguelhok]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136980581|Cercle de Aguel-Hoc]]''
| {{Coord|19.461389|0.858889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aguel 48.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ADJELHOC.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q426417|Boghassa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q319858|Abeïbara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|20.02|2.261111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOGHASSA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q650100|Kidal]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q668196|Kidal Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|18.433333|1.4|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|18.441111|1.407778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Maison artisans.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1025926|Tessalit]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064157|Tessalit Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|20.201111|1.0125|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TESSALIT.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1813226|Abeïbara]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q319858|Abeïbara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|19.35|1.845|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ABEIBARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1833032|Tin-Essako]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064111|Tin-Essako Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|19.562778|1.846389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIN-ESSAKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1875804|Anefif]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q668196|Kidal Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136980769|Anefi cercle]]''
| {{Coord|18.04|0.601111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ANEFIF.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2008646|Essouk]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q668196|Kidal Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|18.766667|1.183333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ESSOUK.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2093509|Timtaghène]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136980490|Timétrine (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|19.025833|1.223056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIMTAGHENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2312553|Tinzaouaten]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q319858|Abeïbara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|19.9488|2.966|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TINZAWATENE.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TINZAWATENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2620634|Intadjedite]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064111|Tin-Essako Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|18.423056|2.894444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96193817|Talhandak]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q338988|Kidal Region]]''
| {{Coord|20.548611|1.530056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q283268|Gadougou II]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.555833|-9.854167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.584722|-9.503333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GADOUGOU 2.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q600274|Djidian]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.201389|-9.457222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJIDIAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q685647|Koulou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.228136|-9.963366|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOULOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q690635|Kita Nord]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.098889|-9.433056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KITA NORD.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743577|Saboula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.059722|-9.202778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SABOULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q765756|Tambaga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.966667|-9.866667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.968889|-9.872778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TAMBAGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q928253|Gadougou I]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.583333|-9.8|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.586944|-9.804444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GADOUGOU 1.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1759902|Badia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.966667|-9.4|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BADIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760150|Benkadi Founia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.320556|-9.202222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BENKADI FOUNIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760154|Bendougouba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.0575|-9.395556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BENDOUGOUBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760156|Bougaribaya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.816667|-9.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUGARYBAYA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760167|Boudofo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.09|-9.506944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.0833|-9.51667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUDOFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760656|Kotouba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.474167|-8.723611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOTOUBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760685|Kassaro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.951667|-8.878056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KASSARO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760690|Niantanso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.276389|-10.175278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIANTANSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760706|Sirakoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.683333|-9.229167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIRAKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760712|Toukoto]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.447778|-9.876389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOUKOTO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760735|Namala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.363611|-9.3875|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NAMALA GUIMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760742|Souransan-Tomoto]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.351111|-9.497222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOURANSAN TOMOTO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760803|Kobri]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.119167|-9.901111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOBRI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760816|Kokofata]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''<br/>[[Mali|Málì]]
| {{Coord|12.8825|-9.945833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.883333|-9.95|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOKOFATA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1760820|Kourouninkoto]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.858611|-9.580556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUROUNIKOTO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2162248|Makano]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.075833|-9.855278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.677778|-9.047222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MAKANO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2333672|Sébékoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.682222|-9.041111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.9625|-8.9875|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEBEKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2512007|Kita Ouest]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.028889|-9.583333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.029167|-9.583333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KITA OUEST.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2708769|Séféto Ouest]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.136111|-9.828611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.140278|-9.827778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEFETO OUEST.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2838340|Didenko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.125|-9.504722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.123333|-9.503056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DINDANKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3033068|Djougoun]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.088889|-9.726944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.268056|-9.611111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJOUGOUN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3510529|Séféto Nord]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.2675|-9.740833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEFETO NORD.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13982623|Senko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1247547|Kita Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.362778|-8.984444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SENKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q282134|Toubakoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.874722|-7.181944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOUBACORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q366933|Tougouni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132778219|Nyamina (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|13.218889|-7.208611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOUGOUNI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q371001|Nouga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.015278|-8.728889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NOUGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q374448|Dogofry]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.339444|-8.586944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q388136|Didieni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.885|-8.092778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIDIENI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q425876|Maramandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.060278|-8.5475|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MARAMANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q572737|Banamba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.55|-7.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Banamba market2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANAMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q583585|Kourouba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.009722|-8.286111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUROUBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q594025|Toukoroba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.608333|-7.038889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOUKOROBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q607175|Kerela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.742778|-6.841667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KERALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q644412|Degnekoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.360278|-6.707778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DEGNEKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q685782|Diebé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.209167|-6.343611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIEBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q692517|Diédougou, Kati]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132862557|Néguéla circle]]''
| {{Coord|12.801111|-7.949722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q777268|Sebete]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.033611|-7.145|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEBETE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q935934|Guéniébé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1814964|Nara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.276667|-7.079722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUENEIBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q942682|Dolendougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.566667|-6.5|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOLENDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q954316|Banko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.1|-6.516667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANCO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q966004|Dio-Gare]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.8025|-8.243056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Station de Dio (Soudan).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIO GARE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q974181|N'Gabacoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.693611|-7.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GABACORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1024043|Fallou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.596667|-7.935|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FALLOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1761536|Boron]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.231111|-7.453611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BORON.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762184|Ben Kadi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.563611|-7.645278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.116667|-5.016667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BEN KADI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762252|Ouélessébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.747222|-8.359167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pg038 Les trois villages de Ouolosébougou.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUELESSEBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762257|Nioumamakana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132860302|Siby (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|12.41|-8.878889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIOUMAKANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762262|N'Gouraba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.485|-7.471667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GOURABA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762277|Nossombougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.096667|-7.934167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NOSSOMBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762285|Kalifabougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.948889|-8.174444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KALIFABOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762291|Guihoyo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.503333|-8.245278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUIHOYO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762307|Tiakadougou-Dialakoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.714778|-8.159417|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIAKADOUGOU DIALAKOR.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762533|Kambila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.793056|-8.105|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Drall.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAMBILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762539|Tioribougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.380833|-7.987222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIORIBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762546|Sanankoroba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.3975|-7.939444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANANKOROBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762550|Mountougoula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.528889|-7.821667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MOUNTOUGOULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762558|Nonkon]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.221389|-7.853889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NONKON.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762565|Sebekoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.466944|-7.788056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEBECORO 1.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762566|N'Tjiba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132862557|Néguéla circle]]''
| {{Coord|12.313333|-7.368611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'TJIBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762572|Moribabougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.12|-7.63|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MORIBABOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762580|Sanankoro Djitoumou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.054722|-7.707222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANANKORO DJITOUMOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762588|Tiélé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.303611|-7.565833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIELE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762596|Safo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.7675|-7.923611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762604|Massantola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.488889|-7.805833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MASSANTOLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762613|Niagadina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.133889|-8.228889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIAGADINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762618|Dinandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.181111|-7.106111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DINANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762625|Sangarébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.969722|-8.4375|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANGAREBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762631|Sagabala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.110278|-7.888056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAGABALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762638|Yélékébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.974444|-8.039722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YELEKEBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762644|Ouolodo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538165|Kolokani Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.201944|-7.928611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUOLODO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1762769|Minidian]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.933333|-8.416667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MINIDIAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763107|Koula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.111667|-7.651389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763126|Meguetan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.911944|-7.505278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MEGUETAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763437|Doumba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.105|-7.611944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763663|Tienfala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.745556|-7.73|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIENFALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763776|Sirakorola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q630815|Koulikoro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.286111|-7.568056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIRAKOROLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1820732|Guiré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.643333|-6.690833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUIRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1853542|Kemekafo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.933333|-5.883333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KEMEKAFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1862075|Kalabancoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''<br/>[[Bamako]]
| {{Coord|12.793056|-8.058056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ECOLEKALABANCOROADEKEN (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KALABANCORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1873204|Tenindougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.568056|-7.182778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TENINDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1882702|Kilidougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.364167|-6.590833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KILIDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1888044|Doubabougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.709167|-8.160278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUBABOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1933196|Selefougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.75|-8.333333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SELEFOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1938061|Dialakorodji]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.703611|-7.964722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALAKORODJI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1978877|Zan Coulibaly]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.736667|-7.291111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZAN COULIBALY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1990602|Balan Bakama]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.888889|-8.361944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BALAN BAKAMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1994167|Nangola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.666111|-6.604167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NANGOLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1997481|Jèkafo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.368056|-6.891944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - JEKAFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2157101|Bossofala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132862557|Néguéla circle]]''
| {{Coord|12.864167|-8.451667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOSSOFALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2181535|Diago]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.778056|-8.156667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2189950|Nyamina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132778219|Nyamina (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|13.313056|-6.983056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.316667|-6.981944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NYAMINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2197620|N'Garadougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.374167|-6.872222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GARADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2240751|Niantjila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.7975|-6.544722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIANTJILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2255065|Sobra]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132860302|Siby (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|12.806389|-7.994722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOBRA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2322054|Duguwolowula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.605556|-7.339167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DUGUWOLOWULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2340279|Dombila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.761111|-8.276944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOMBILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2367804|Binko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.233611|-6.957778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BINKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2375849|Kaladougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.482222|-6.791111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KALADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2415444|Diédougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131468014|Dioila Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139898593|Béléko circle]]''
| {{Coord|12.481389|-6.408889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.48139|-6.40889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2415630|Guegneka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.778611|-6.956389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GUEGNEKA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2415716|Diouman]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.596111|-7.308333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOUMAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2415729|Kiban]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.576667|-7.352778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KIBAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2415755|Benkadi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.298889|-6.448333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BENKADI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416642|Madina Sacko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806073|Banamba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.785|-7.545833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MADINA SACKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416740|Daban, Kati Cercle]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132862557|Néguéla circle]]''
| {{Coord|13.22|-8.313889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DABAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416751|Kaniogo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.989167|-8.609722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.98917|-8.60972|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KANIOGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416762|Wacoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1227118|Dioïla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.599444|-6.69|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - WACORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416777|Bougoula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.514167|-6.3125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416785|N'Golobougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.173333|-6.708889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GOLOBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416793|Narena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.230278|-8.633056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NARENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416803|Dogodouman]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.939722|-7.995556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOGODOUMAN.svg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOGODOUMAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416825|Bancoumana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132860302|Siby (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|12.421389|-7.6075|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ߓߊ߲߬ߞߎ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߊ߫ ߟߐ߯ߝߍߓߊ.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANCOUMANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2416837|N'Dolondougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.321389|-6.994444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'DLONDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2419732|Allahina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.226667|-8.744722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ALLAHINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2419759|Ouagadou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1814964|Nara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.988333|-7.453889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUAGADOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2419779|Dabo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.077222|-8.428056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DABO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2419795|Koronga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.331944|-7.604167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KORONGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2420097|Mandé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.326389|-7.540556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MANDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2430164|Siby]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132860302|Siby (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|12.375556|-8.335|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIBY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2620245|Massigui]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.86|-6.769167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MASSIGUI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2620258|Baguinéda-Camp]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.612778|-7.773333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAGUINEDA CAMP.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2622589|Karan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.1325|-8.522222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KARAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2683186|Benkadi Habaladougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q939091|Kangaba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.044444|-8.634722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.044444|-8.628056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.9333|-8.41667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2687484|Dialakoroba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q287789|Koulikoro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.266389|-7.926111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.466667|-5.65|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALAKOROBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q978764|Faraba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131522025|Koutiala Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130390762|Bougouni Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908462|Kati Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.434722|-8.201667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.906111|-8.145833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7415415|Sana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.828611|-4.993056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3485099|Sio]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.405833|-4.082778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| [[Djenné]]
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.9|-4.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Djenné.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Djenne-locmap2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q282020|Koubaye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.415278|-4.431944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUBAYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q375844|Ouro Guiré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.287778|-4.497222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OURO GUIRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515348|Ouro Ardo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.545|-4.856667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OURO ARDO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515842|Soubala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.8625|-3.5|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUBALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q538753|Bandiagara]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.35|-3.611111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bandiagara (6459419).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANDIAGARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q607411|Djaptodji]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.636389|-3.37|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJAPTODJI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q628271|Diaka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.348611|-4.961944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAKA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q648956|Lessagou Habe]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.811667|-3.6025|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LESSAGOU HABE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q659420|Fatoma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.611111|-4.061389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FATOMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q663746|Sokoura]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806721|Bankass Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.5025|-3.766111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOKOURA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q668200|Dianweli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.873333|-2.914722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIANWELY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q683631|Karéri]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.825278|-5.254722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KARERI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q692005|Doucoumbo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.351111|-3.655833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Songho 06.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUCOUMBO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q770980|Youwarou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.368333|-4.262778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Security officers in Youwarou, Malian presidential election, 29 July 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YOUWAROU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q772407|Pétaka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.086944|-2.740833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PETAKA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q935488|Diondiori]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.611667|-4.776667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.61667|-4.76667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIONDORI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q952678|Kendé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.991389|-3.495556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KENDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q957723|Kéréna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.033333|-2.686111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KERENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q968947|Koporo Pen]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.136667|-3.188611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOPORO PEN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q973601|Dougoutene II]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.969722|-3.351389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUGOUTENE 2.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q977448|Mondoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.671667|-1.951111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MONDORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1031849|Ténenkou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.455556|-4.918056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.45722|-4.9169|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TENENKOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1119492|Segue]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806721|Bankass Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.815278|-2.965|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763114|Lowol Guéou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.794722|-3.812778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LOWOL GUEOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763137|Kendié]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.700556|-3.417778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KENDIE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763382|Metoumou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.732778|-3.176111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - METOUMOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763388|Dandoli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.395278|-3.5425|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DANDOLI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763391|Kanibonzon]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806721|Bankass Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.140278|-3.618333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mosque of Kani Bonzon.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KANI BOZON.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763397|Pignari Bana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.499722|-3.946389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PIGNARI BANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763403|Pignari]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.263889|-3.946389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PIGNARI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763405|Pelou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.341389|-3.441111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PELOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763411|Wadouba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.558889|-3.388889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - WADOUBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763413|Diamnati]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.896111|-3.2625|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAMNATI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763417|Dogani Béré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.898889|-3.423611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOGANI BERE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763420|Ségué Iré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.659722|-3.276944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEGUE IRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763421|Ondougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.640833|-3.226111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ONDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763427|Timniri]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.99|-4.087222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIMIRI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763429|Bara Sara]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.147222|-3.776111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BARA SARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763657|Dourou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.456944|-3.093611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUROU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763670|Koulogon Habbé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.633333|-3.233333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOULOGON HABE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763682|Soroly]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806313|Bandiagara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.439722|-3.485|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOROLY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763770|Kéwa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.222222|-4.495833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.22222|-4.49333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KEWA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763784|Pondori]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.911944|-4.653611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PONDORI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763798|Dallah]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.105833|-2.638889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DALLAH.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763802|Ouenkoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.382222|-3.830833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUONKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763809|Borko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.949722|-3.353889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Borko.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BORKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763813|Fakala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140193398|Sofara (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|14.016667|-4.233333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FAKALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763942|Koubewel Koundia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.985278|-3.031111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUBEWEL KOUNDIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763970|Dangol Boré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.398333|-3.000833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DANGOL BORE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1763981|Borondougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131441571|cercle de Konna]]''
| {{Coord|14.823333|-3.974167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BORONDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764179|Togue Mourari]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.328333|-4.604444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOGUE MOURARI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764185|Femaye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.2175|-4.296944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FEMAYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764192|Ouro Ali]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.977778|-4.546944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OURO ALI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764198|Niansanarie]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.668333|-4.635278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIANSANARI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764204|Nema Badenyakafo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.883889|-4.82|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NEMA BADENYAKAFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764210|Derary]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.01|-4.513333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DERRARY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764215|Madiama]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.794722|-4.396111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MADIAMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764222|Dandougou Fakala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q374553|Djenné Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.788333|-4.501389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DANDOUGOU FAKALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764249|Korarou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.327222|-3.234167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KORAROU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764255|Hairé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.073611|-2.221667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - HAIRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764262|Gandamia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.207778|-2.750278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GANDAMIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764268|Débéré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.101944|-3.010556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DEBERE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764564|Ouro Modi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.280833|-4.603611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OURO MODI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764572|N'Dodjiga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.625833|-4.048889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'DODJIGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764581|Toguéré Coumbé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140195152|Toguéré-Coumbé (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|14.916944|-4.594722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOGUERE-COUMBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764589|Kounari]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.650278|-4.071389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUNARI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764617|Dialloubé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.019167|-4.2325|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALLOUBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764625|Dirma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.521389|-4.214722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIRMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764647|Soye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.228056|-4.278333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764653|Ouroubé Douddé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.261389|-3.948333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUROUBE DOUDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764666|Bimbéré Tama]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.168611|-4.431111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BIMBERE TAMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764705|Deboye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.354722|-4.0775|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DEBOYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764713|Pel Maoudé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.084444|-3.269167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PEL MAOUDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764720|Konna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131441571|cercle de Konna]]''
| {{Coord|14.946667|-3.893333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764724|Barapireli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.305278|-3.051667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BARAPIRELI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764734|Sasalbé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.949722|-3.353889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SASALBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764740|Bassirou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.743611|-4.039444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BASSIROU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764757|Diafarabé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.138056|-5.017778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Diafarabé.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAFARABE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764763|Dinangourou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.451944|-2.241944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.45194|-2.24194|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DINANGOUROU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764768|Diankabou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.584444|-3.081389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIANKABOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764780|Koporokendie Na]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.130833|-3.353889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOPOROKENDIE NA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764844|Socoura]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816378|Mopti Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.546111|-4.091389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOCOURA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764859|Togoro Kotia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.560833|-4.674722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOGORO KOTIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764867|Kassa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.724722|-3.066389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KASSA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765504|Farimaké]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816412|Youwarou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.47|-4.612222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARIMAKE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765509|Youdiou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.277222|-3.170278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YOUDIOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765524|Dougoutene I]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.919722|-3.220556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUGOUTENE 1.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765529|Dioungani]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.313056|-2.739444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOUNGANI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765536|Korombana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.394167|-3.781667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOROMBANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765541|Tédié]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.843611|-3.152778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TEDIE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1819056|Dimbal Habe]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806721|Bankass Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.025833|-3.615278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIMBAL HABE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2358526|Douentza]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q940936|Douentza Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.995|-2.966667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.001667|-2.949722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Douentza. Mali.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUENTZA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2398824|Sougoulbé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064101|Ténenkou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.533611|-4.888056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUGOULBE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2419935|Diallassagou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.737778|-3.626389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALLASSAGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2420408|Madougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1783463|Koro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.399167|-3.078889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2616941|Bankass]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q214155|Mopti Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q806721|Bankass Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.0775|-3.515833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:BankassMali.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANKASS.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q855986|Ménaka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.916667|2.4|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|15.918333|2.402222|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Menaka.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MENAKA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131106223|Haïgana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131106229|Izgarat]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131106239|Tin Abaw]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131531059|Assakaraye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1816396|Ménaka Cercle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q388569|Dilly]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1814964|Nara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.995556|-7.668333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DILLY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3339461|Niamana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1814964|Nara Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.473611|-7.469444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q614243|Nioro du Sahel]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q131314964|Nioro Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743538|Nioro Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.183333|-9.55|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nioro.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194307|Kava]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.8403|-4.92|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q256623|Kléla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.688611|-5.662222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KLELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q281000|Koutiala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.383333|-5.466667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUTIALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q388008|Dogoni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.143611|-6.001111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOGONI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515897|Missirikoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.265278|-5.755833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MISSIRIKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q517369|Djiguiya de Koloni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.25|-7.992778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.039444|-7.761111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJIGUIYA DE KOLONI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q523568|Diouradougou Kafo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.9|-5.4|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOURADOUGOU KAFO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q576864|Zangasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.156667|-5.623056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANGASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q579991|Gouandiaka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.783333|-8.2|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUANDIAKA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q584142|Debelin]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.550556|-6.986111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DEBELIN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q586605|Misséni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.318056|-6.075833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MISSENI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q595405|Defina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.024444|-7.151667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DEFINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q606161|Nangalasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.883333|-6.316667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NANGALASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q617668|Garalo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11|-7.433333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.99|-7.437|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GARALO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q633728|Dogo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.874167|-7.336389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q637628|Séré Moussa Ani Samou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.316667|-8.25|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SERE MOUSSA ANI SAMO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q642370|Kokele]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.523333|-7.5475|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOKELE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q665155|Kapala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.114167|-5.72|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.116667|-5.720833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAPALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q665296|Gongasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.532778|-5.792778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GONGASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q674488|Sibirila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.427222|-7.766667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIBIRILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q730703|Sorobasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.355833|-5.142222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOROBASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q777497|Miniko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.174167|-6.336389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.175556|-6.333333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MINIKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q784110|Kapolondougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.357778|-6.113333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAPOLONDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q922733|Diomaténé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.394722|-5.619167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOMATENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q950389|Tiémala-Banimonotié]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130390762|Bougouni Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.226667|-7.489167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIEMALA-BANINOMOTIE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q958400|Fama]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.523889|-5.6925|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FAMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q980325|Koumbia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.596667|-4.686389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.595833|-4.690278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1031835|Yorosso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.355556|-4.777778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.358056|-4.776944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YOROSSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1040225|Kolondieba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.088333|-6.8925|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOLONDIEBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767021|Mena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.198889|-6.720833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767034|Tiongui]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.766667|-6.383333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIONGUI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767041|Nimbougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.306944|-6.228056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIMBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767049|Syen Toula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.211944|-7.872778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767055|Meridiela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.091667|-7.259167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MERIDIELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767061|Dioumaténé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.424444|-5.636111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOUMATENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767069|Danou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.146944|-7.254444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DANOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767072|Kouroulamini]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.251667|-7.729167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUROULAMINI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767118|Fakola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.544444|-6.914722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FAKOLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767124|Loulouni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.0825|-6.133056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LOULOUNI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767134|Bladié-Tiémala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.886389|-7.866389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BLADIE-TIEMALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767139|Fourou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.739722|-6.143889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pg214 Croquis des trois villages de Fourou.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FOUROU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767145|Faragouaran]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.315|-7.773611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARAGOUARAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767157|Kebila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.283333|-7.033333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KEBILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767169|Faradiele]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.346111|-7.6375|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARADIELE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767613|Ouroun]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.701389|-7.919722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUROUN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767624|Sido]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.665278|-7.599722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIDO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767630|Domba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130390762|Bougouni Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.110278|-7.226111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767635|Tousseguela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.053889|-6.586111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOUSSEGUELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767647|Farako]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.358333|-6.579722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARAKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767670|Diedougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131522025|Koutiala Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139898675|Konséguéla (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|12.410278|-5.839444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767696|Sanso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.711389|-6.850278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767702|Yinindougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.293333|-7.946389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YININDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767710|Keleya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130390762|Bougouni Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.833333|-7.783333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KELEYA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767718|Yiridougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.883333|-7.15|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YIRIDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767724|Kadiana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.75|-6.5|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KADIANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767732|Zégoua]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.451944|-5.651111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZEGOUA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767743|Kaï]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.966667|-5.7|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767752|Zantiébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.383731|-7.252736|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Coprokazan, Shea butter and ICT IMG 0149 (5348976972).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANTIEBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767962|Benkadi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.61|-6.530833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767968|Koningue]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.171667|-5.188889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONINGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767974|Tella]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.781389|-6.244167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TELLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767987|Kolokoba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.126389|-6.020833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOLOKOBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767994|Koury]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.183333|-4.803056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOURY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767999|Sincina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.351667|-5.442222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SINCINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768011|Tagandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.899722|-7.641111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TAGANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768015|Kouniana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.568333|-5.126111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUNIANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768019|Yognogo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.461111|-5.312222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YOGNOGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768025|Koumankou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.094722|-6.140556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUMANKOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768029|Sankarani]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.181667|-7.399444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANKARANI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768035|Kafo Faboli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.677778|-5.912778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAFO FABOLI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768099|Lobougoula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.0375|-5.990556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LOBOUGOULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768105|Koussan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.5|-7.616667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUSSAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768114|Wateni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.508333|-6.506667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - WATENI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768120|Sanzana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.095833|-6.205278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANZANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768123|Songoua]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.518056|-5.480278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SONGOUA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768129|Logouana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.446944|-5.246667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LOGOUANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768135|Nampe]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.5875|-5.453056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NAMPE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768145|Zanina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.7275|-5.638333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768150|Gouadji Kao]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.542222|-5.161944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUADJI KAO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768157|Kabarasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.017222|-5.940556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KABARASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768164|Boura]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.411667|-4.539167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOURA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768326|Songo-Doubacore]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.573889|-5.345278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SONGO-DOUBAKORE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768330|Sinkolo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.205556|-5.040278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SINKOLO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768335|Ourikéla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.109722|-5.062778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OURIKELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768340|Gouanan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.916667|-8|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUANAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768344|Fakolo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.584722|-5.611111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FAKOLO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768350|Tiankadi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.639444|-6.111667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIANKADI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768355|Tao]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.674167|-5.616111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TAO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768360|Goudie Sougouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.003889|-5.286389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUDIE SOUGOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768364|Kouoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.014722|-5.708056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768367|Pimperna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.422222|-5.746944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.43056|-5.75417|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PIMPERNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768375|Kignan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.855278|-6.016389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KIGNAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768381|Miena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.629722|-5.990278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MIENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768386|Ménamba I]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.392222|-4.667778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MENAMBA 1.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768391|Karangana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.229722|-5.035278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KARANGANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768396|Zanférébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.283333|-6.070278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANFEREBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768401|Zebala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.311389|-5.153333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZEBALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768411|Yallankoro-Soloba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.2|-8.45|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YALLANKORO-SOLOBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768416|Konseguela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.409444|-5.876667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONSEGUELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768420|Zangaradougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.388056|-5.599722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANGARADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768426|M'Pessoba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.6725|-5.715556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:2014.05-417-110apv mosque DD12.669936,-5.720296@M'Pessoba(Koutiala Crc.,Sikasso Reg.),ML tue20may2014-1411h.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - M'PESSOBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1814254|Niéna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.424722|-6.345833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1817777|Farakala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.365556|-6.005|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.358333|-6.005556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARAKALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1857036|Konina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.456667|-5.7725|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1869659|Kapala, Koutiala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.214722|-5.459167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1872470|Kafouziéla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.489444|-5.614444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.4275|-5.6125|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAFOZIELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1903554|Kiffosso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.501389|-4.899167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.504167|-4.902778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KIFFOSSO1.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1948863|Kourouma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.050278|-6.072778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.880556|-5.8375|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUROUMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1990884|Dialakoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.595556|-6.953889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIALAKORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2014985|Danderesso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.488333|-5.480556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.486667|-5.481944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DANDERESSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2051640|Zanfigue]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.537778|-4.992778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANFIGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2070882|Sokourani-Missirikoro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.010278|-5.760833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MISSIRIKORO SOKOURAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2074207|Koromo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.626389|-5.723056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOROMO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2108203|Finkolo Ganadougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.223889|-6.195|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.226944|-6.196389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FINKOLO GANADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2108460|Zaniéna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.270833|-6.425833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ZANIENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2156688|Kaboïla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.213889|-5.633889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.213611|-5.634722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KABOILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2163114|Karagouana Mallé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.568056|-5.762222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KARAGOUANA MALLE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2176748|Nafanga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.459444|-5.026111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NAFANGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2178465|Baya]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.583333|-8.166667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.644444|-8.200833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAYA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2183135|Kadiolo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.099167|-5.945278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KADIOLO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2266618|Kolosso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.118611|-6.549722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.116667|-6.55|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOLOSSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2288054|Niantaga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.977778|-5.733611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIANTAGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2327422|Bolo-Fouta]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.146667|-7.801667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.150556|-7.805556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOLO-FOUTA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2375276|Diou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q912845|Kadiolo Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.584167|-5.970556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.589722|-5.972222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2425890|Koumantou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.407222|-6.846667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUMANTOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2537280|Miria]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.675|-5.931389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.675|-6.166667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MIRIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2553533|Bougoula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.783333|-6.916667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUGOULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2655299|Blendio]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.618333|-6.342778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.613333|-6.344444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BLENDIO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2700063|Dembela]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.7275|-6.358056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.727778|-6.361111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DEMBELA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2732892|Kolonigué]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.176944|-5.332778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOLONIGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2750190|Mahou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537735|Yorosso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.13|-4.625833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.133333|-4.629167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MAHOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2918915|Finkolo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.266389|-5.513611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.268056|-5.511111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FINKOLO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2937655|Fagui]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.2|-5.7|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FAGUI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3032746|Djallon-Foula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q631684|Yanfolila Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.15|-8.516667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.148333|-8.519722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJALLON-FOULA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3038114|Doumanaba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.675|-5.931389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.669167|-5.930556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUMANABA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198249|Kofan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.514722|-6.14|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.516667|-6.136667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOFAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3198430|Kola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q895013|Bougouni Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.3475|-7.4725|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3239940|Nongo-Souala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.755|-5.493333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.759167|-5.563333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NONGO-SOUALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334097|N'Golodiana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537725|Kolondieba Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|10.966667|-7.1|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GOLODIANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334099|N'Golonianasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.426944|-5.683056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GOLONIANASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334117|N'Tjikouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.091111|-6.235278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.125|-6.2375|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'TJIKOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334119|N'Tossoni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.638333|-5.578889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'TOSSONI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3336803|Natien]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1537714|Sikasso Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|11.334167|-5.848333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NATIEN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3347368|N'Goutjina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q461298|Sikasso Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.264444|-5.496667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GOUTJINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q278746|Niono]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.25|-6|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Niono Mali Jan03-15City01.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIONO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q369726|Folomana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.600556|-5.155278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FOLOMANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q497300|Bla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.95|-5.760278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.92374|-5.76784|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q598801|Soignébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.258889|-6.345278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOIGNEBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q599795|Dougouolo bla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.933889|-5.565278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUGOUOLO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q605373|Ouan]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.693333|-4.400556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q637737|Tiemena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.9875|-5.946944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIEMENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q642561|Kokry]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.964722|-5.511667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.960556|-5.515278|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Macina.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOKRY CENTRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q654880|Niala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.946111|-5.86|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.916667|-4.366667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q682936|Fion]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.369444|-4.330833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FION.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q727487|Diena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.980556|-5.91|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q747916|Sanando]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.967222|-6.408333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANANDO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q771482|Sirifila-Boundy]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.375|-5.977222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIRIFILA BOUNDY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q777420|Dieli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.056389|-5.111111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.066667|-5.116667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIELI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q784764|Dah]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.16|-4.911111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DAH.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q784897|Siribala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.043333|-6.106667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIRIBALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q919833|Farakou Massa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.576667|-5.880278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.661111|-5.872222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.66111|-5.87222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FARAKOU MASSA..svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q923761|Koula]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.241944|-4.274167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q929957|Niasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.200833|-5.040278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q960304|Tene]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.915833|-5.119167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q976115|Markala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.673889|-6.075|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.7021|-6.0659|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pont-de-Markala.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MARKALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q980317|Kaniegue]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.94|-5.580278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KANIEGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764556|Yangasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.0775|-5.320278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YANGASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764659|Somasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.872778|-5.603333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOMASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764728|Konobougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.916944|-6.757778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONOBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764744|Gouendo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.829167|-6.496389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.82917|-6.49639|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUENDO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764774|Souleye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.877778|-5.245833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOULEYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764788|Diabaly]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.693611|-6.016944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIABALY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764818|Kazangasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.090833|-5.548889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAZANGASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764824|Monimpébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.150833|-5.520833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MONIMPEBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764837|Samabogo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.858611|-5.506111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAMABOGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1764872|Touna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.117222|-5.830278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765517|Diaramana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1538131|Koutiala Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.851667|-5.400278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIARAMANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765547|Korodougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.038056|-5.446111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KORODOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765551|Yeredon Saniona]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.589167|-5.753889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YEREDON SANIO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765845|Ouolon]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.488333|-4.845833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUOLON.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765849|Teneni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.335556|-4.808056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TENENI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765854|Kamiandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.699167|-5.517222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KAMIANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765860|Siadougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.558611|-5.1375|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIADOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765866|Diédougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139898636|Dioro (Kreis)]]''
| {{Coord|13.660278|-5.631667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIEDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765872|Tourakolomba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.763889|-5.0475|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOURAKOLOMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765877|Sourountouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.067778|-4.908333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUROUNTOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765884|Cinzana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.250556|-5.967778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Paysage de brousse Cinzana Gare (3874293466).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - CINZANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765894|N'Goa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.240278|-5.147222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GOA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1765910|Baguindadougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.597778|-6.155556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAGUINDABOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1766271|Dioro]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.829167|-6.496389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIORO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1766283|Boussin]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.50688|-5.93619|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUSSIN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1766312|N'Torosso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.142222|-5.063056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'TOROSSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767046|Konodimini]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.326389|-6.423056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONODIMINI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767129|Tominian]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.2875|-4.593333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOMINIAN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767678|Souba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.4125|-6.595278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1818256|Diora]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1767129|Tominian]]''
| {{Coord|13.008611|-4.83|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIORA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1827697|Djeguena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.200278|-5.129722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DJEGUENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1852728|Sakoïba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.311667|-6.279722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAKOIBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1862445|Togou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.591111|-5.998056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TOGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1878386|Sy]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.600556|-4.976389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.6|-4.983333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1888957|Sibila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.7775|-5.878056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SIBILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1908029|Benena]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1767129|Tominian]]''
| {{Coord|13.12|-4.365278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.116667|-4.366667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BENENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1921302|Tongué]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.596944|-5.281667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.595278|-5.276944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TONGUE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1922030|Karaba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.913611|-4.892778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KARABA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1924101|Sébougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.348056|-6.388889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.418056|-6.306944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SEBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1952814|Tesserla]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.181667|-6.18|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TESSERLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1967421|Bellen]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.656667|-6.28|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.113889|-6.727778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BELLEN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2023055|Barouéli]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.076944|-6.831111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BARAOUELI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2024337|Mafoune]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.784722|-4.359722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.783333|-4.366667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MAFOUNE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2032796|Nampalari]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.147778|-5.864167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NAMPALARI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2077533|Matomo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.851389|-4.964722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.85|-4.966667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MATOMO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2099108|Dougabougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.825833|-6.129722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.818611|-6.118889|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUGABOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2170809|Lanfiala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.493889|-4.148611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LANFIALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2195954|Massala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.282778|-6.501111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MASSALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2226018|Kala Siguida]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.238611|-6.024167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.2375|-6.02|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KALA SIGUIDA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2232381|Timissa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.822778|-4.207778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIMISSA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2257485|Sokolo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|14.732778|-6.121944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.7328|-6.1219|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOKOLO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2279217|Baramandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.598611|-4.595833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.6|-4.6|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BARAMANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2295134|Diganibougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.498333|-6.316389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.498611|-6.315278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.49861|-6.31528|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIGANIBOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2306231|Saminé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.135833|-6.080833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.134444|-6.081389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAMINE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2306674|Kalake]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.953333|-6.850833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.95|-6.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KALAKE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2320363|Koulandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.155833|-5.299167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOULANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2346617|Toridaga-Ko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.844444|-6.105|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.424444|-5.928056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TORIDAGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2396332|Tamani]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.336389|-6.834722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TAMANI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2404417|Dogofry]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.805833|-6.018333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOGOFRY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2420429|Fani]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.182778|-5.369167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FANI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2425903|Pelengana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.4275|-6.221944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - PELENGANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2430140|Kolongo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.880556|-5.686111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOLONGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2430823|Mariko]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816334|Niono Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.438333|-5.999722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MARIKO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2449252|Fatiné]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.573917|-5.3815|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FATINE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2454573|Waki]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.839444|-4.820556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - WAKI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2464832|Macina]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.995|-5.733611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.964167|-5.357778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Port de Macina 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MACINA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2500844|Boky Wéré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139748|Macina Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.012222|-5.604167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.010556|-5.603333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOKY WERE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2545042|Farako]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.410278|-6.389444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.410278|-6.386667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2581161|Niamana]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.034167|-5.197222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.473611|-7.469444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - NIAMANA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2587404|Moribila]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.659444|-5.046944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.666667|-5.05|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MORIBILA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2602898|Diakourouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.868611|-5.139167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.866667|-5.133333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIAKOUROUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2629203|Falo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.911389|-6.238889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.916667|-6.233333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FALO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2677733|Yasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.137222|-4.673889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.133333|-3.683333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - YASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2681426|Sama Foulala]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.382222|-6.511389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAMA FOULALA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2684454|Fangasso]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.528611|-4.445556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.533333|-4.45|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FANGASSO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2748936|Sanekuy]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1816358|Tominian Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.071389|-4.614444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANEKUY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2757874|Katiéna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.3225|-5.641111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.321667|-5.641389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KATIENA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2768936|Mandiakuy]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.019722|-4.464444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - MANDIAKUY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2893869|Beguene]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.844167|-5.848889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.716667|-6.5|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BEGUENE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2908836|Boidie]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.213333|-6.941389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.21333|-6.94139|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOIDIE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3028836|Diouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.433889|-5.820278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.4325|-5.819444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3038072|Dougoufie]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.315|-6.631111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUGOUFIE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3127149|Saloba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.723333|-5.238333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SALOBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193763|Kassorola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1902391|San Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.755556|-4.974167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KASSOROLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3194981|Kemeni]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q879908|Bla Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|12.978611|-5.543333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.966667|-5.55|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KEMENI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334093|N'Gara]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064200|Ségou Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.310556|-6.505556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.309722|-6.504167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GARA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334107|N'Koumandougou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135829431|Farako cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.928333|-6.208333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.928889|-6.2075|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'KOUMANDOUGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3347366|N'Gassola]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q808747|Barouéli Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|13.083611|-6.205|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.083333|-6.2|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GASSOLA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3472499|Sansanding]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
| {{Coord|13.725278|-6.004167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SANSANDING.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139917059|Diguiciré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q656845|Ségou Region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q252599|Kondi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.366667|-3.483333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KONDI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q288319|Essakane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.7825|-3.632778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ESSAKANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q513342|Sareyamou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.089722|-3.235278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SAREYAMOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q532141|Ouinerden]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.65|-1.482222|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - OUINERDEN.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q540215|Léré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139902967|Léré (Cercle)]]''
| {{Coord|15.711667|-4.911667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - LERE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q599758|Adarmalane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.619167|-4.296111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ADARMALANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q614119|Tindirma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.133333|-3.633333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TINDIRMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q737562|Télé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.483333|-3.75|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TELE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q768493|Ber]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.76|-2.638889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ber (Mali) 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BER.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q976923|Goundam]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.416667|-3.666667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|16.414444|-3.670833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOUNDAM.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q980333|Dianke]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947057|Niafunké Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.725833|-4.642778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIANKE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768642|Tinguereguif]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.383333|-3.316667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TINGUEREGUIF.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768647|Haibongo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.238056|-3.284167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - HAIBONGO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768651|Inadiatafane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.488611|-1.253056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - INADIATAFANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768656|Garbakoïra]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.344167|-3.605833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GARBAKOIRA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768660|Kirchamba]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.35|-3.25|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KIRCHAMBA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768665|Dangha]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.461944|-3.131389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DANGHA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1768670|Bourem Sidi Amar]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.703611|-3.885278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUREM SIDI AMAR.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1769226|Tilemsi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.333333|-4.9625|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|16.35|-4.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1808161|Haribomo]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.028611|-2.690833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - HARIBOMO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1949950|Gourma-Rharous]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.88|-1.923889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gourma Rharous.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - RHAROUS.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1954138|Koumaira]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947057|Niafunké Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.783333|-3.866667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KOUMAIRA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2014504|Arham]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.005|-3.195278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ARHAM.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2081858|Soboundou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947057|Niafunké Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.932222|-3.990556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUBOUNDOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2134916|Gargando]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.4625|-4.172778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GARGANDO.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2223780|Soumpi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947057|Niafunké Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.843611|-4.325556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SOUMPI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2272847|Alzounoub]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.183333|-4.85|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ALZOUNOUB.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2277003|Bintagoungou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q976923|Goundam]]''
| {{Coord|16.733333|-3.733333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BINTAGOUNGOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2308360|Doukouria]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.183333|-3.4|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUKOURIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2367438|Issa Bery]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.716667|-3.783333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ISSA BERY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2377027|Raz El Ma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.605556|-4.459722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - RAZELMA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2401618|Tin Aicha]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.966667|-4.55|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIN AICHA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2420719|Fittouga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|15.823889|-3.694167|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - FITOUNGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2420737|Tienkour]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.255278|-3.324722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TIENKOUR.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2421607|Tonka]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136980331|Cercle de Tonka]]''
| {{Coord|16.133889|-3.748611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|16.133333|-3.75|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - TONKA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423041|Banikane Narhawa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.948889|-1.750556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANIKANE NARHAWA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423610|Douékiré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.583333|-3.366667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DOUEKIRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423630|Bambara Maoudé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.850278|-2.784722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BAMBARA MAOUDE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423719|Banikane]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.949444|-1.748056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BANICANE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423781|M'Bouna]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''
| {{Coord|16.683333|-3.966667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - M'BOUNA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2423794|N'Gorkou]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947057|Niafunké Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.659722|-3.715833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - N'GORKOU.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2424322|Kaneye]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499253|Goundam Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.416667|-3.6|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - KANEYE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2424350|Salam]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q174455|Timbuktu Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|17.054167|-2.997222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|16.4625|-4.172778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - SALAM.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2424409|Hanzakoma]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.951111|-1.678056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - HAMZAKONA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2429438|Diré]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.266667|-3.4|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - DIRE.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2621448|Bourem-Inaly]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q174455|Timbuktu Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.688333|-2.852778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BOUREM INALY.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2621465|Alafia]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q174455|Timbuktu Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.866667|-3.966667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - ALAFIA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2637932|Gossi]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1540214|Gourma-Rharous Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|15.816667|-1.3|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-17-15 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - GOSSI.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2903931|Binga]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q339462|Timbuktu Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1228316|Diré Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|16.066389|-3.421389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|16.057222|-3.460278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - BINGA.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3539269|Tringa]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q944313|Yélimané Cercle]]''
| {{Coord|14.646944|-10.751111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1767956|Wassoulou-Ballé]]''
|
| [[Mali|Málì]]
| ''[[:d:Q139891529|Zentralbezirk Yanfolila]]''
| {{Coord|11.183333|-8.15|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map commune Mali - WASSOULOU BALLE.svg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
bownaqsjit9ml7cjwwxwxqlg0lc16rx
Oníṣe:GerardM/Rural Communes of Morocco
2
67178
622289
621296
2026-06-14T01:27:47Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622289
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q17318027 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q542826|Drarga]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.380492|-9.476324|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Drarga WWTP Lits de séchage MaI 2009 (14095836509).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q621472|Taghazout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.545597|-9.709699|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.5448|-9.7092|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:A neighborhood in Taghazout.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2544597|Aourir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.52521|-9.61163|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aourir.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2844501|Amskroud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.530833|-9.328333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amskroud.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2859111|Aqesri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.735213|-9.533272|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2875129|Aziar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.785556|-9.574167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147885|Idmine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.61|-9.373056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149573|Imsouane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.843374|-9.818566|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Siège Commune Imsouane.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513742|Tadrart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.771|-9.4612|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.79756|-9.46753|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514885|Tamri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.7|-9.833333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.695|-9.825|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tamri - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3529288|Tiqqi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.745413|-9.328971|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508692|Sidi Boushab]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.466667|-9.305556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gate to ONEP station in Sidi Boushab.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14218995|Imouzzer Ida Ou Tanane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q389976|Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.67995|-9.48286|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.67401|-9.56236|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Immouzzer cascade voile de la mariée.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q512217|Asni]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.25|-7.979167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.16757|-7.91261|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Centre de santé d'Asni (Maroc).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3304306|Tameslouht]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.5|-8.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.494234|-8.09802|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.4562|-8.05316|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kasbah de Tamesloht.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3325542|Moulay Brahim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.285833|-7.965556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Moulai Brahim moskêye.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358143|Ouirgane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.1755|-8.0782|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.18774|-8.07564|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:SE Olive Dam Village Ouirgane Oct25 A7CR 08472.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483152|Sidi Abdallah Ghiat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.518333|-7.849444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3891617|Ijoukak]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.993056|-8.152778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Camp rilodjmint Ijoucak djeus efants aidantes djaponesses.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3991198|Tidili Mesfioua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.45|-7.6|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.4667|-7.61667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.48|-7.61536|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3991262|Tighedouine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.4236|-7.52083|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.216667|-5.433333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tighedouine.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4663230|Abadou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.579722|-7.312222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.60497|-7.29961|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Abadou center Ghoujdama.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, province Al Haouz.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4692403|Aghbar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.903605|-8.403654|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699224|Ait Aadel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.648664|-7.2839|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Adel commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699236|Ait Faska]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.505833|-7.716111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699244|Ait Hkim Ait Yzid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.486111|-7.203889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699270|Ait Sidi Daoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.634539|-7.644017|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4745989|Amghras]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.209983|-8.183426|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4770423|Anougal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.164167|-8.256667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.1183|-8.27954|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4832483|Azgour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.146718|-8.307092|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Azgour (Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco) 126.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221898|Dar Jamaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.252778|-8.373333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5991698|Ighil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.984352|-8.288587|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Plake viè Irhil.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5994446|Iguerferouane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.418056|-7.685556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة إكرفروان.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110229|Ouazguita]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.291667|-8.074167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110362|Oukaimden]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.052778|-7.861389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Oukaimeden.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110417|Oulad Mtaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.2675|-8.256944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.33113|-8.29907|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7111281|Ourika]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.378027|-7.804832|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.33776|-7.76741|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Flickr - Tab59 - Mosquéee dans la vallée de l'OURIKA dans le Haut Atlas Marocain.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508660|Sidi Badhaj]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.643333|-7.471389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7616121|Sti Fadma]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.225556|-7.675833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Urika a Setti-Fatma.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7678950|Talat N'Yaaqoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.990278|-8.177222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.9914|-8.1831|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.96777|-8.27021|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ahachi1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7680555|Tamaguert]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.551667|-7.586944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7680986|Tamazouzte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.3833|-8.38333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7690401|Tazart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.6597|-7.40917|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tazart commune center.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810516|Tizguine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.245|-8.318611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7828525|Touama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.533889|-7.487222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8069420|Zerkten]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.45|-7.4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zerkten.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Al-Haouz Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005863|Imgdal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.109722|-8.133611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17049982|Aghouatim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.41|-7.93|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20726082|Lalla Takarkoust]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2150989|Al Haouz Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.32703|-8.1248|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:LallaTakerkoust,town.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q628903|Snada]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.076389|-4.216667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1942317|Bni Gmil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.0675|-4.424167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2737756|Issaguen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.9|-4.578333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ketama.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907468|Bni Bounsar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.844444|-4.423056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907469|Bni Hadifa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.022778|-4.140833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3149563|Imrabten]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.067|-3.967|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664804|Abdelghaya Souahel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.751944|-4.657222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699248|Ait Kamara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.1441|-3.98694|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.14407|-4.01115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699275|Ait Youssef Ou Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.983333|-5.783333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.17697|-3.88492|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4784591|Arbaa Taourirt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.931944|-3.835833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930986|Bni Abdallah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.072778|-4.070556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930989|Bni Ahmed Imoukzan]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.783056|-4.460556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930990|Bni Ammart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.811944|-4.158056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930993|Bni Bchir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.7775|-4.315556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930994|Bni Bouchibet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.711389|-4.52|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930995|Bni Boufrah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.0675|-4.320556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931002|Bni Gmil Maksouline]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.003333|-4.459444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5068404|Chakrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.95|-3.983333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6101904|Izemmouren]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.183333|-4|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Izammouren.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6395311|Ketama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.9158|-4.56856|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.88163|-4.68416|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ثلوج كتامة.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689834|Louta]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.10709|-3.89924|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918954|Moulay Ahmed Cherif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.940833|-4.461944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6989822|Nekkour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.012583|-3.864194|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7370731|Rouadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.140278|-4.134722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Rouadi Alhoceima 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508696|Sidi Boutmim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.943889|-4.293056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508700|Sidi Bouzineb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.828056|-4.100556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7675261|Taghzout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.7825|-4.52652|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.76409|-4.54964|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7681848|Tamsaout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.8223|-4.75124|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7801163|Tifarouine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.02365|-3.91732|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066343|Zaouiat Sidi Abdelkader]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.916667|-4.1275|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.91837|-4.12877|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066828|Zarkt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969619|Al Hoceima Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.881944|-4.280278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2026640|Aousserd]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]<br/>[[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972665|Aousserd Province]]''
| {{Coord|22.5364|-14.2858|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|22.70937|-14.55998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2637709|Bir Gandus]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]<br/>[[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972665|Aousserd Province]]''
| {{Coord|21.615672|-16.468656|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3991171|Tichla]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q972665|Aousserd Province]]''
| {{Coord|21.61|-15|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|21.78277|-15.11326|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Oued Ed-Dahab - Lagouira, province Aousserd.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4692450|Aghouinite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972665|Aousserd Province]]''
| {{Coord|22.47328|-13.62351|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1300325|Mahbes]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]<br/>[[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q180994|Assa-Zag Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.416|-9.051|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|27.47276|-8.98753|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mahbes.jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454445|Aouint Lahna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q180994|Assa-Zag Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.482833|-9.84825|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454450|Aouint Yghomane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q180994|Assa-Zag Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.471111|-10.400556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|28.4579|-10.38925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454457|Labouirat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q180994|Assa-Zag Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.932139|-9.963806|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534356|Touizgui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q180994|Assa-Zag Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.416111|-9.218611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1158785|Afourar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.208333|-6.540278|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Afourer.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1169855|Foum Jamaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.96|-6.98|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876500|Ait Majden]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.851389|-6.965833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895855|Bni Ayat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.21|-6.722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.2|-6.7|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bni Ayat from above.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2903881|Bin El Ouidane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.108333|-6.475|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bin el Ouidane Dam-catsncarp-14.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2929225|Bzou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.1|-7.05|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.083333|-7.05|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.10056|-7.03593|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bzou.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3357934|Ouaouizeght]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.16|-6.35|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ouaouizaght1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4693645|Agoudi N'Lkhair]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.038056|-6.449444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.98695|-6.48906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699226|Ait Abbas]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.74839|-6.6134|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699231|Ait Blal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.690833|-6.716389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699232|Ait Bou Oulli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.603056|-6.603611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.59078|-6.6266|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zgh-fl ayt bu wulli.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699250|Ait M'Hamed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.880281|-6.471136|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amaynou150.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699253|Ait Mazigh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.074722|-6.351667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699259|Ait Ouaarda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.131389|-6.528333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699265|Ait Ouqabli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.351667|-6.009722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699271|Ait Taguella]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.916667|-6.716667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.94341|-6.73337|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699273|Ait Tamlil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.48|-6.94|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.49534|-6.86543|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4761709|Anergui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.066111|-5.936944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4778477|Anzou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.633333|-8.05|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Anzou Old bridge.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931003|Bni Hassane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.036389|-6.948056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6004240|Imlil, Tadla-Azilal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.756667|-7.010556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.76727|-7.01078|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Imlil center.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6088172|Isseksi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.233333|-6.283333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.2171|-6.28684|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918957|Moulay Aissa Ben Driss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.110556|-6.710556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.10734|-6.72012|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7319944|Rfala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.162778|-6.778333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508687|Sidi Boulkhalf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7275|-6.833889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Sidi Boulkhalf center.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7672893|Tabant]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.658056|-6.42|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tabant, Ait Bougmez, Maroc.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7672931|Tabaroucht]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.134444|-6.299167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7673058|Tabia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.031667|-6.796944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.00416|-6.82988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7675285|Tagleft]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.238056|-6.119444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7681100|Tamda Noumercid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.919722|-6.642778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7682288|Tanant]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.8667|-6.95|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tanant city.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7684334|Taounza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.094444|-6.6025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7800909|Tidili Fetouaka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.728611|-7.193611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7801272|Tiffert N'Ait Hamza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.3|-5.96667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.30243|-5.94942|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait hamza 15.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7801293|Tifni]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.628056|-6.944444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tifni commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7802949|Tilougguite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.0333|-6.2|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.01292|-6.14809|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tillou.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7807629|Timoulilt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.2|-6.46667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.21639|-6.4659|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7809622|Tisqi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.104722|-6.767778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066337|Zaouiat Ahansal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.8325|-6.105556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zaouiat ahansal.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15264695|Ouaoula]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.866667|-6.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.80753|-6.78209|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15277645|Sidi Yacoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.666667|-7.066667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Yacoub center.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16207821|Ait Oumdis]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q793763|Azilal Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.495833|-7.053056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4118513|Fdalate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.591111|-7.279167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune fdalate.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695168|Ahlaf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.283333|-7.2|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.2836|-7.09004|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918850|Moualine el Oued]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.446667|-7.328333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Oued El Maleh Dam - View from O Lac - 6.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110432|Oulad Yahya Louta]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.535833|-7.196667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mosquée Oulad Yahya Louta.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8071339|Ziaida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.4833|-7.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.48861|-7.03958|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181229|Oulad Ali Toualaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.287778|-8.342222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12187750|Rdadna Oulad Malek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.361389|-7.220833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.35821|-7.25587|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188834|Cherrat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.776389|-7.084444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.77653|-7.10129|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pont suspendu Oued Cherrat.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195472|Bir Ennasar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.34|-6.915556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.35326|-6.9069|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217620|Sidi Bettache]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.566667|-6.893611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.50367|-6.87449|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Sidi Bettache 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229075|Ain Tizgha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.666111|-7.071389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.65726|-7.03996|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12245031|Mellila]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15198365|Ben Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.383333|-7.133333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune rurale de mellila الجماعة القروية لمليلة.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2541521|Zegzel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.8407|-2.35431|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Cave of Zegzel.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3220085|Laâtamna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.009444|-2.259722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.03193|-2.27254|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3433149|Rislane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.758333|-2.431111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513793|Tafoughalt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.805556|-2.411389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:The rock home.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6726176|Madagh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.0133|-2.33972|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.05068|-2.37466|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20408470|Fezouane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.916389|-2.204167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23011118|Aghbal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.939444|-2.127222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.93817|-2.14551|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aghbal, Maroc.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534251|Boughriba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.91342|-2.51167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.935278|-2.430556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27535307|Sidi Bouhria]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.738889|-2.3625|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Idbouhrya.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536893|Chouihia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q820802|Berkane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.81317|-2.66371|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.871944|-2.617778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6159370|Jaqma]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.2925|-7.440556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6472109|Laghnimyine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.194444|-7.867778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6473471|Lahsasna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.19139|-7.67007|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6481078|Lambarkiyine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.2|-7.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6537760|Ben Maachou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.145833|-8.118889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7399585|Sahel Oulad H'Riz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.397778|-7.91|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181187|Ouled Zidane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.348056|-7.349722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181214|Ouled Cebbah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.269167|-7.267778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12190991|Foqra Oulad Aameur]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.146111|-7.496111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12213975|Riyah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.154167|-7.385278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214252|Zaouiat Sidi Ben Hamdoun]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.045|-7.929167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217195|Soualem Trifiya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.430833|-7.868333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217610|Sidi El Mekki]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.212222|-7.716389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217679|Sidi Abdelkhaleq]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.069722|-7.998333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12232934|Kasbat Ben Mchich]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.353333|-7.481111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25463412|Oulad Zyan]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395317|Berrechid Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.450098|-7.348953|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Chaouia Tribus.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1380087|Guelta Zemmur]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]<br/>[[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895028|Boujdour Province]]''
| {{Coord|25.15|-12.366667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|25.25419|-12.89066|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6521520|Lamssid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895028|Boujdour Province]]''
| {{Coord|26.540354|-13.847655|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|26.00324|-13.29071|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, province Boujdour.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454468|Jraifia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895028|Boujdour Province]]''
| {{Coord|24.90945|-14.82732|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, province Boujdour.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3119508|Guigou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.3824|-4.83299|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Oued Guigou Tafraout - panoramio (2).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514599|Talzemt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.5833|-4.18333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Talzemt.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699233|Ait Bazza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.409466|-4.300128|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Bazza Commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699237|Ait El Mane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.5165|-4.347214|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait El Mane, Boulemane Province 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4733854|Almis Marmoucha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.316667|-4.183333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.32|-4.18|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.23593|-4.1565|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:20200802 185717 Tafdna mountain.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5351584|El Mers]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.445|-4.448056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.42584|-4.54258|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5351723|El Orjane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.4|-3.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5378987|Enjil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.183333|-4.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.09338|-4.58481|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5392456|Ermila]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.191944|-3.850833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5504804|Fritissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.616667|-3.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.69619|-3.438|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6440690|Ksabi Moulouya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.831667|-4.401944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:قصابي ملوية.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110393|Oulad Ali Youssef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.395278|-3.581389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7454150|Serghina]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.30646|-4.46979|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508695|Sidi Boutayeb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.026111|-4.0325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7536484|Skoura M'Daz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.518507|-4.542747|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.5436|-4.56076|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Headquarters of Skoura M'Daz commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11285966|Ouizeght]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.867126|-4.088692|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203611|Tissaf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q895063|Boulemane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.4|-3.58333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.32591|-3.3202|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:وادي تيساف.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q956049|Oulad Youssef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.480556|-6.376944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.57341|-6.4812|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Debdou quartier Oulad Youssef 001.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826830|Aghbala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.480556|-5.645|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.40179|-5.55705|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Somewhere in Aghbala mountain taking this beautiful Valley landscape.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358170|Oulad M Barek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.2878|-6.43278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.29878|-6.48452|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358172|Oulad Yaich]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.4167|-6.33333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483238|Sidi Jaber]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.383333|-6.416667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.3534|-6.43361|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699263|Ait Oum El Bekht]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.662778|-5.888333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4950440|Boutferda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.356667|-5.835|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6964757|Naour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.480278|-5.908611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110403|Oulad Gnaou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.327778|-6.500556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110423|Oulad Said L'Oued]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.544167|-6.3675|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.60417|-6.45647|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7449253|Semguet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.551389|-6.186944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.64782|-6.18188|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202042|Tanougha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.475|-6.149722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202060|Taghzirt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.4333|-6.18333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.41734|-6.15003|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203608|Tizi N'Isly]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.47072|-5.77259|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.48602|-5.78474|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12212322|Dir El Ksiba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.521389|-6.134722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12231051|Foum El Anceur]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.371667|-6.261389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12231052|Foum Oudi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.277778|-6.427778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12252291|Guettaya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019461|Béni-Mellal Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.654167|-5.921389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.58156|-6.2801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q920156|Bab Taza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.063889|-5.2025|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bab Taza.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2877663|Bab Berred]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.9833|-4.91667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Pine Forest near Bab Berred Morocco.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4748877|Amtar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.238469|-4.79433|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930987|Bni Ahmed Cherqia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.848889|-5.075833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930988|Bni Ahmed Gharbia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.816111|-5.109444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930997|Bni Bouzra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.4473|-4.9731|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930998|Bni Darkoul]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.056313|-5.068753|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930999|Bni Faghloum]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.895278|-5.154722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931006|Bni Mansour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.158611|-4.912778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931010|Bni Rzine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.01082|-4.726245|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931011|Bni Salah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.996381|-5.045106|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931014|Bni Smih]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.137222|-4.710556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5261728|Derdara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.116667|-5.283333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.12058|-5.36471|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5447396|Fifi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.95|-5.25|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.94988|-5.2411|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6064171|Iounane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.23|-4.8144|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6472089|Laghdir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.0291|-5.4048|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711886|M'Tioua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.205833|-4.666389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6751865|Mansoura]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.133333|-5.366667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.84335|-4.9626|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110282|Oued Malha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.920514|-5.046858|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7681643|Tamorot]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.9333|-4.78333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.90381|-4.81506|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7682311|Tanaqoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.1091|-5.4577|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7687645|Tassift]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.5167|-5.23333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.30188|-5.12881|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810515|Tizgane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.413611|-5.069444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12183037|Steha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.3646|-4.93059|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199513|Bni Selmane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.113611|-4.968889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202006|Talambote]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.25|-5.18333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.16889|-5.16038|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013173|Ouaouzgane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2354922|Chefchaouen Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.016667|-4.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q302201|Bouabout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.26554|-9.17865|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.29923|-9.21704|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bouabout (kommunhuvudort).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1169573|Sid L'Mokhtar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.57|-9.01|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.59876|-9.02987|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sid L'Mokhtar.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2782569|Ahdil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.561667|-8.894444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3331944|Mzouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.58|-8.493|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.291111|-8.586111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.23549|-8.55443|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:R212 MZouda Shishawa Morocco Oct25 A7CR 08374.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4680871|Adassil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.1|-8.483333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.1476|-8.47682|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4688791|Afalla Issen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|30.990833|-8.977222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697365|Ain Tazitounte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.127222|-8.924722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699239|Ait Haddou Youssef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|30.937607|-8.723917|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699242|Ait Hadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.394167|-8.7725|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4808848|Assif El Mal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.2325|-8.441111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:اسيف المال.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949212|Bouabout Amdlane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.193056|-9.238333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5302210|Douirane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.215278|-8.775833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.19691|-8.6993|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5573724|Gmassa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.4175|-8.411667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5986049|Ichamraren]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.096111|-9.17|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6004090|Imindounit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.066667|-8.531667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6072209|Irohalen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.083333|-8.956389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Irohalen from the sky.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6434808|Kouzemt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.07|-9.268333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6482766|Lamzoudia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.583333|-8.483333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6737912|Majjat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.3575|-8.509722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7021714|Nfifa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.259444|-8.887778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110281|Oued L'Bour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.197437|-8.888318|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110419|Oulad Moumna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.561667|-8.894444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7283388|Rahhala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.335556|-9.117222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.34733|-9.06849|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7399963|Saidate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.344167|-8.705278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508627|Sidi Abdelmoumen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.561667|-8.894444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508698|Sidi Bouzid Arragragui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.498056|-8.782778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.49166|-8.77888|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508724|Sidi Ghanem, Chichaoua Province]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.13447|-8.78407|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جبال سيدي غانم.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508767|Sidi M'Hamed Dalil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.349444|-8.701389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.4047|-8.68602|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7684336|Taouloukoult]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.2167|-9.08333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.21501|-9.09057|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7806641|Timezgadiouine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|30.8833|-9.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7806771|Timlilt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.033611|-9.139167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066338|Zaouia Annahlia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.22|-8.647778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:دوار الزاوية النحلية من الأعلى (83073).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12237396|Lalla Aaziza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| {{Coord|31.081389|-8.7175|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2006438|Temsamane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.122294|-3.637333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.1167|-3.63333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.10508|-3.63304|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Temsamane med2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Temsaman, driouch province, morocco2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2094680|Tafersit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.01917|-3.5684|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:COMMUNE TAFERSIT.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Tafersit.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2678389|Dar El Kebdani]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.12026|-3.33223|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.117257|-3.331709|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:DAR ELKABDANI.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Commune-Dar-ElKebdani.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842628|Amejjaou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.173889|-3.26|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:LA COMMUNE DE AMAJJAOU.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Amejjaou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2875186|Azlaf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.894722|-3.672778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.90258|-3.63943|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Azlaf.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2921480|Boudinar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.20014|-3.64291|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:College boudinar.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Boudinar.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12205793|Oulad Amghar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.25|-3.65|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Oulad Anghar.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12205802|Metalsa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.908333|-3.403056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12205834|Ouardana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.070833|-3.421667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ouardana.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15077954|Tazaghine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.133333|-3.5|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.1842|-3.5046|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tazaghine.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826304|Ain Zohra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.6575|-3.533056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ain zohra maroc.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Ain zohra.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826392|Ait Mait]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.088611|-3.381389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ait mait.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16843623|Bni Marghnine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.181667|-3.565278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Bni marghnine.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005193|Iferni]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.995278|-3.660556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Iferni.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005275|Ijermaouas]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.07|-3.678611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ijermaouas.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17009094|M'Hajer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.116944|-3.491667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:M'hajer.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013217|Oulad Boubker]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.854167|-3.390833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ouled Boubker.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17023246|Talilit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.148333|-3.547778|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Talilit.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17036456|Trougout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.179722|-3.771389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Trougout.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17053064|Tsaft]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440552|Driouch Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.889722|-3.728|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tsaft.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876461|Ait Boubidmane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.8167|-5.2749|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مركز بودربلة الجماعة القروية آيت بوبيدمان إقليم الحاجب المغرب.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:خريطة إقليم الحاجب بودربالة ايت بويدمان.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699234|Ait Bourzouine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.6325|-5.516944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Bourzouine.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699243|Ait Harz Allah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.762222|-5.335|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:COMMUN RURAL AIT HARZ ALLAH.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699257|Ait Naamane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.725|-5.338889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699261|Ait Ouikhalfen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.729167|-5.728333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699274|Ait Yaazem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.733333|-5.583333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.74463|-5.60866|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:COMMUNE RURALE AIT YAAZEM.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6123262|Jahjouh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.716389|-5.672778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6488479|Laqsir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.892778|-5.203889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:COMMUNE LKSIR ELHAJEB.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182392|Iqaddar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.666111|-5.401944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة إقدار2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12198740|Bitit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.810278|-5.125|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مركز جماعة بطيط.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202031|Tamchachate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.512778|-5.666111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12212719|Ras Ijerri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540509|El Hajeb Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.783333|-5.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3325520|Moulay Abdallah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.1978|-8.58833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fantazia My Abdellah cavlî shoflete.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358160|Oulad Frej]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.966667|-8.233333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.01963|-8.18087|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mosqinoldfrej.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3405481|Sidi Smail]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.816667|-8.5|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.88588|-8.54176|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tchapele sidi smayil.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949512|Boulaouane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.8625|-8.061111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.86374|-8.07074|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Kasbah of Boulaouane 64.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6472090|Laghdira]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.2875|-8.008333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mosque in Laghdira Commune - Morocco.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6481811|Lamharza Essahel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.405|-8.126944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110406|Oulad Hamdane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.104302|-8.251262|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110407|Oulad Hcine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.068056|-8.510833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110422|Oulad Rahmoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.25|-8.334722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110429|Oulad Sidi Ali Ben Youssef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.948333|-8.091667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.01766|-8.1212|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7442829|Sebt Saiss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.777222|-8.643333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181242|Oulad Aissa, El Jadida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.953525|-8.697969|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.93073|-8.68195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12209102|Haouzia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.306389|-8.354722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.2172|-8.41901|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214246|Zaouiat Saiss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.7931|-8.65056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214261|Zaouiat Lakouacem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.935278|-8.280556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217474|Si Hsaien Ben Abderrahmane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.101944|-8.193056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.10641|-8.16239|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217613|Sidi M'Hamed Akhdim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.799167|-8.756389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.80538|-8.76449|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217677|Sidi Abed, El Jadida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.049444|-8.688611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La plage de sidi abed.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217698|Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouche]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.2861|-8.325|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.31031|-8.27227|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12218399|Chtouka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.313333|-8.165278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.29631|-8.16827|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12218880|Chaibate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.6|-7.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12238743|Mettouh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.881389|-8.1725|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12246952|Mogress]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.893056|-8.421111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013245|Oulad Ghanem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q599606|El Jadida Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.873889|-8.858889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:أولاد غانم 3.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857997|Aoufous]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7|-4.116667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.73005|-4.13103|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ksar Lamaarka-Bab Jdid.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3055936|Er Rteb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.608056|-4.203333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.61637|-4.24334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188712|Sifa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.328611|-4.285278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.32647|-4.32158|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12189638|Taouz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.906944|-3.995833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.84773|-4.01106|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Taouz, Felszeichnung 2.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199427|Bni M'Hamed Sijelmassa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.28|-4.253333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.24205|-4.22277|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12230634|Ferkla Es-Soufla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.590556|-4.963889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.58738|-5.03594|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة فركلة السفلى.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12230635|Ferkla El Oulia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.5025|-5.049444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة فركلة العليا.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15077928|Tadighoust]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.801719|-4.967302|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.90104|-4.84765|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20384963|Aarab Sebbah Gheris]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.42|-4.322222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.41751|-4.42348|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20384972|Aarab Sebbah Ziz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.468333|-4.212778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20388185|Aghbalou N'Kerdous]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.761111|-5.316944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.67671|-5.29759|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389898|Sidi Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.665833|-4.697222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20401078|Amellagou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.993056|-4.996111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20402574|Chorfa M'Daghra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.895|-4.359167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.86126|-4.19597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20408433|Fezna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.543611|-4.460278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.56128|-4.53576|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20413865|Lkheng]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.992222|-4.490556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.92956|-4.37459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416059|Es-Sfalat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.245|-4.268056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20421422|Gheris Es-Soufli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.645833|-4.8025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20421423|Gheris El Ouloui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7025|-4.973611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20424997|Melaab]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.531944|-4.806111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.47375|-4.74238|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22931756|Oued Naam]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.954444|-3.586389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536174|Rissani]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2024447|Errachidia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.284167|-4.264167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.2175|-4.2737|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gate rissani.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1584114|Haouza]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366420|Es Semara Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.1109|-10.9711|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Guelmim-Es Semara, province Es-Semara.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1656837|Jdiriya]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366420|Es Semara Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.2486|-10.4132|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534267|Sidi Ahmed Laaroussi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366420|Es Semara Province]]''
| {{Coord|26.822778|-11.773333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Guelmim-Es Semara, province Es-Semara.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109016773|Amgala]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366420|Es Semara Province]]''
| {{Coord|26.1617|-11.413|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131554948|Tifariti]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366420|Es Semara Province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2782530|Mzilate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.716389|-9.149167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2782535|Sidi M'Hamed Ou Marzouq]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.764722|-9.013611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.74096|-9.06115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358330|Ounagha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.533611|-9.553611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.50436|-9.62981|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3486986|Smimou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.213611|-9.705833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.2301|-9.70245|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Smimou.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:موقع جماعة سميمو بإقليم الصويرة.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513790|Tafetachte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.585278|-9.251944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3784300|Sidi Kaouki]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.355556|-9.797222|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Kaouki beach By Soufiane Bellahmar.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3784301|Aguerd]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.424722|-9.635833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4678367|Adaghas]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.233333|-9.05|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.90253|-9.34362|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4692883|Aglif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.111667|-9.378889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699227|Ait Aissi Ihahane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.914722|-9.261111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699268|Ait Said]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.445833|-9.438333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.44296|-9.46487|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4782866|Aquermoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.764167|-9.534444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4950500|Bouzemmour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.006111|-9.404167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5637534|Had Dra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.583333|-9.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5987152|Ida Ou Guelloul]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.9525|-9.699167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.94354|-9.70284|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5987155|Ida Ou Kazzou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.910833|-9.601944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6471952|Lagdadra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.5375|-9.408611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711871|M'Khalif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.884444|-9.260833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.8848|-9.22789|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918959|Moulay Bouzarqtoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.65|-9.683333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.64646|-9.67713|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Moulay Bouzerktoun.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508609|Sidi Abdeljalil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.832778|-9.3325|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508725|Sidi Ghaneme]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.286667|-9.446944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508743|Sidi Ishaq]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.869167|-9.449722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508752|Sidi Laaroussi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.845|-9.158611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7678486|Takoucht]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.1875|-9.450556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.23268|-9.45443|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7685836|Targante]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.880556|-9.661111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12191752|Korimate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.456944|-9.313056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.46028|-9.28333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12198285|Bizdad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.275556|-9.374722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202960|Takate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.25|-9.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.67977|-9.4794|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005378|Imi N'Tlit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.215556|-9.546111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.23485|-9.5885|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005873|Imgrade]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.138611|-9.609167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17007709|Lahsinate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.533056|-9.473889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013254|Oulad M'Rabet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.423611|-9.193333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.6048|-9.18654|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17019364|Sidi Aissa Regragui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.705833|-9.314722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20387165|Assais]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.913056|-9.243889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20388858|Ezzaouite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.339167|-9.437222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389484|Sidi H'Mad Ou M'Barek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.863056|-9.671944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.84253|-9.69535|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389498|Sidi Hmad Ou Hamed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.34|-9.708056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ctre Commune Sidi Ahmed Ou Hmad, Morocco - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389512|Sidi Ahmed Essayeh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.178611|-9.817222|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi M'Barek waterfalls, Sidi Ahmed Essayeh, Morocco, 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389544|Sidi El Jazouli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.295833|-9.5625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389699|Sidi Boulaalam]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.677778|-9.271389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.69775|-9.28276|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389749|Mouarid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.399444|-9.169444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389914|Sidi Ali El Korati]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.803056|-9.406944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390342|M'Ramer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.659722|-9.163611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.69095|-9.16907|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Amramer Commune, Essaouira Province.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20393812|Ida Ou Aazza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.153333|-9.733333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20398353|Tidzi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31|-7.41667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.27256|-9.67473|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20403848|Timizguida Ouftas]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.990833|-9.799444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zgh timzgida.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20411078|Kechoula]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.559167|-9.248333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418150|Tafedna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.095833|-9.820833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tafedna beach, Morocco, 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418480|Tahelouante]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.201389|-9.305278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20419878|Zaouiat Ben Hmida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.754722|-9.371667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20422283|Mejji]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.55|-9.35|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20422693|Meskala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368543|Essaouira Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.392778|-9.413333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.38869|-9.37284|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2383366|Ksar es-Seghir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.841944|-5.558611|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco KsarelSeghir.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3305200|Melloussa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.7369|-5.6319|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.733333|-5.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5661733|Al Bahraoyine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.791944|-5.720556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.76548|-5.71656|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6137989|Taghramt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.787778|-5.467778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6294505|Jouamaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.65|-5.683333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6440699|Ksar el Majaz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.842778|-5.558611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8200021|Anjra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2013946|Fahs Anjra Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.664167|-5.511111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.69254|-5.53814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358266|Ouled Tayeb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1479285|Fez Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.9598|-4.9954|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.91444|-4.95699|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483237|Sidi Harazem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1479285|Fez Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.027778|-4.883333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ETH-BIB-Sidi Harazem, Marabout-Dia 247-05010.tif|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12228971|Ain Bida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1479285|Fez Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.985556|-4.893056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q683959|Talsint]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.6444|-3.48462|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:LMAN-yallah, heading to Talsint.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907473|Bni Tadjite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.291377|-3.466015|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.3|-3.45|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ighrem Amazdar, Sbaik, beni-tadjit.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2911924|Bouanane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.0275|-3.039722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.037222|-3.047222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.2007|-2.84359|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:@بوعنان.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3518036|Tendrara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.05|-2|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tendrara.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19543775|Aïn Chaïr]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.214028|-2.519806|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bassin et Khsar d'Aïn Chaïr, Maroc.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20382270|Abou Lakhal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.156944|-1.513333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.24432|-1.54034|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395177|Ain Chouater]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.850278|-2.965|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:عين الشوطر من الأعلى.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20414002|Bni Guil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.463889|-1.888333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.44804|-1.88151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20415560|Boumerieme]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.6825|-3.7875|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.81248|-3.65264|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416246|Bouchaouene]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.678056|-3.095|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.77605|-3.05716|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20423689|Maatarka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1412034|Figuig Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.261111|-2.703056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.21056|-2.55645|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2923477|Bradia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.433333|-6.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3015955|Dar Oulad Zidouh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.316667|-6.9|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.34291|-6.89403|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Panneau Zidouh.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4704207|Al Khalfia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.516389|-6.538611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.54424|-6.52976|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110388|Oulad Bourahmoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.295278|-6.666944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110418|Oulad Nacer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.256667|-6.783889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110434|Oulad Zmam]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.35|-6.633333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12178395|Had Boumoussa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.239722|-6.945|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195296|Hel Merbaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.468611|-6.588333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199532|Bni Chegdale]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.444167|-6.955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199675|Bni Oukil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.576944|-6.84|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.59486|-6.85946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217651|Sidi Hammadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.27536|-6.57094|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217709|Sidi Aissa Ben Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.344167|-6.655556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Aissa Ben Ali 04.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12234875|Krifate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408359|Fquih Ben Salah Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.576111|-6.748611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2281695|Ifrane Atlas-Saghir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.210611|-9.492875|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:CAM00821.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513834|Taghjijt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.05645|-9.428009|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Wash your sorrows.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12237102|Labyar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.810278|-10.425|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|28.77436|-10.41416|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20383289|Ait Boufoulen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.237222|-9.741111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20386430|Aday]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.179167|-9.309167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.20414|-9.30371|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20388298|Aferkat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.67|-10.3041|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20396031|Amtdi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.232222|-9.192778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20396057|Echatea El Abied]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.964722|-10.5975|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20397736|Abaynou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.098333|-10|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20402193|Tagante]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.135278|-9.761944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20403560|Rass Oumlil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.676111|-10.654444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20404216|Fask]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.990556|-9.836111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|28.77788|-9.88157|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20406121|Tiglit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.5075|-10.292222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20421126|Asrir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.926|-10|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|28.81324|-10.10295|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534895|Targa Wassay]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.093056|-10.275278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27535365|Timoulay]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.122778|-9.599167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27535400|Taliouine Assaka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.026111|-10.231944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27537440|Laqsabi Tagoust]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q923219|Guelmim Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.010278|-10.195|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3303130|Mezguitem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.501944|-3.642778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513696|Taddart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.188056|-3.707778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16834686|Assebbab]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.968474|-3.507988|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16838097|Barkine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.933056|-3.843889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16860493|Oulad Bourima]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.353889|-3.749167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16862005|Ras Laksar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.981944|-3.749444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16864736|Saka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.6167|-3.41667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17004898|Houara Oulad Raho]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.144722|-3.226667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17007740|Lamrija]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408363|Guercif Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.991111|-3.279167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q388222|Timahdite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.2369|-5.06|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.2517|-5.02587|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الجماعة الترابية تيمحضيت المقر.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q540643|Ain Leuh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.304406|-5.339874|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ain Leuh commune 7.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358023|Had Oued Ifrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.288844|-5.489639|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مركز جماعة واد إفران Center of Oued Ifrane Commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390976|Ben Smim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.502778|-5.186667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.46891|-5.20804|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zaouiat Ben Smim 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395523|Dayat Aoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.653889|-5.008333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dait Aoua lake after drying.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20405880|Tizguite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.62865|-5.14616|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zaouiat Moulay Abdeslam, Tizguite.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20406106|Tigrigra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.418056|-5.2575|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tigrigra commune Headquarters.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22932867|Sidi El Makhfi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301648|Ifrane Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.395833|-5.332778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:سيدي عدي مركز جماعة سيدي المخفي Sidi Addi, Centre Of Sidi El Makhfi Commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q600883|Temsia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1662264|Inezgane-Aït Melloul Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.363333|-9.41444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Temsia.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181179|Oulad Dahou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1662264|Inezgane-Aït Melloul Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|30.376111|-9.320278|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Souss-Massa-Drâa, préfecture Inezgane-Aït Melloul.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118857|Gafait]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.24|-2.408|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.233889|-2.282222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.235432|-2.387896|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gafait3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3118884|Guenfouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.483611|-2.045556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:The Sacred Sacrifice - Guenfouda village - Jerada Province Morocco by Brahim FARAJI.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483203|Sidi Boubker]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.477706|-1.733636|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Boubker, Jerada Province.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20392308|Oulad Sidi Abdelhakem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.043611|-1.7025|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.91565|-1.78552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20414402|Bni Mathar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.088889|-2.024722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.94648|-2.00319|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20424498|Mrija]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.021111|-2.383056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.89377|-2.3138|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534254|Laaouinate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.32914|-2.14246|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.345833|-2.146111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27535380|Ras Asfour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.51897|-1.84483|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.497222|-1.822778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27727985|Lebkhata]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.208056|-2.378333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27728016|Oulad Ghziyel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.953333|-2.6125|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27728075|Tiouli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1687516|Jerada Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.454167|-1.898611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1440541|Fraita]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.932|-7.26|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2398281|Assahrij]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.8|-7.14|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.79136|-7.1475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575180|Zemrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7131|-7.51718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6466608|Laatamna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.911667|-7.335|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.91916|-7.3307|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6466617|Laattaouia Ech-Chaybia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.86|-7.313333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.87372|-7.34096|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711890|M'Zem Sanhaja]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.006667|-7.130833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.99167|-7.10628|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110376|Oulad Aamer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.069722|-7.214167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110379|Oulad Aarrad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.822222|-7.415278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110386|Oulad Bouali Loued]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.146944|-7.215278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110394|Oulad Cherki]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.333333|-7.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.28488|-7.43486|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110396|Oulad El Garne]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.128889|-7.347222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110409|Oulad Khallouf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.716667|-2.583333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.7956|-7.06921|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110415|Oulad Massaoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.188333|-7.180833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110416|Oulad Msabbel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.301111|-7.205278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110426|Oulad Sbih]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.06666|-7.52778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110431|Oulad Yaacoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.024167|-7.281111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110433|Oulad Zarrad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.0775|-7.612222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214560|Zemrane Charqia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7453|-7.38968|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217710|Sidi Aissa Ben Slimane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.905278|-7.214444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.9543|-7.17382|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20385454|El Aamria]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.206389|-7.243056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.23384|-7.24169|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20386709|Sour El Aaz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.831667|-7.0275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389557|Sidi El Hattab]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.266667|-7.283333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.35281|-7.32447|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390160|Sidi Moussa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.2725|-7.198611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.26952|-7.16973|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20392863|Jouala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.887778|-7.441111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395439|Lounasda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.136944|-7.3575|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20400078|Jbiel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.978056|-7.389444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20401927|Errafiaya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.143611|-7.258611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20402960|Chtaiba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.2|-7.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20404751|El Marbouh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.098889|-7.386111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.12022|-7.40388|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20405009|Taouzint]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.096667|-7.288889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20405629|Choara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.796|-7.302|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20414082|Dzouz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.869722|-7.309722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416353|Hiadna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.166667|-7.633333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.26336|-7.58808|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416906|Loued Lakhdar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.8475|-7.088333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20419409|Eddachra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.2075|-7.17639|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20421090|Znada]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.05329|-7.37165|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20423199|Mayate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.271944|-7.525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22928955|Bouya Omar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.771389|-7.218889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bouya Omar dome.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22934475|Ouargui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q970179|Kelaat Sraghna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.816389|-7.216111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ouargui village.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2921701|Boulanouare]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.856736|-6.87803|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Chaouia-Ouardigha, province Khouribga.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539466|Ait Ammar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.078889|-6.663889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181165|Oulad Boughadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.073333|-6.711389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.07979|-6.73249|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181219|Oulad Abdoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.905278|-6.924444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181223|Oulad Azzouz (Khouribga Province)]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.839722|-6.694722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.76927|-6.75429|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181241|Oulad Aissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.946389|-6.434167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181251|Oulad Ftata]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.188611|-6.6575|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.18211|-6.63704|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181255|Oulad Fennane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.985833|-6.576944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181295|Oulad Gouaouch]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.731944|-6.364444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.73463|-6.32946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12187899|Rouached]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.863056|-6.353889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.93611|-6.26973|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12190990|El Foqra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.731667|-6.942222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.70504|-6.97032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195491|Bir Mezoui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.901944|-6.681389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.85764|-6.77272|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199428|Bni Bataou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.8275|-6.288889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.8938|-6.24501|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199491|Bni Zrantel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.738889|-6.2425|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.77302|-6.15226|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199519|Bni Smir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.858056|-6.658056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.78658|-6.60162|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199685|Bni Ykhlef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.868889|-6.821389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.98107|-6.83985|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199843|Boukhrisse]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.866944|-6.111667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.85113|-6.18086|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202523|Tachrafat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.833056|-6.473056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.785|-6.4401|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12219457|Chougrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.899444|-6.3825|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La commune-rurale de Chougrane (blad Saleh chafii).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229146|Ain Kaicher]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.729444|-6.586111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.77898|-6.53609|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12232933|Kasbat Troch]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.938056|-6.578333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.94085|-6.59218|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12237087|Braksa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.882778|-6.407222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12237428|Maadna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.940278|-6.661667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.91739|-6.49633|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12237945|Lagfaf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.923056|-6.718611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12244447|M'Fassis]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.813889|-6.791111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.77393|-6.81101|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27538761|Lagnadiz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740686|Khouribga Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.161944|-6.8375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3087932|Oulmes]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.416667|-6.016667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.42349|-6.00291|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue panoramique 1 Oulmes.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6721325|Maaziz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.703889|-6.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7800804|Tidass]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.568229|-6.266805|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.566667|-6.265833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12191863|El Ganzra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.041944|-5.927222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.032|-5.95396|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16739972|Ait Bouyahya El Hajjama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.881667|-6.271111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.88129|-6.29392|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16739973|Ait Belkacem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.828056|-6.376111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16740002|Ait Ikkou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.669378|-6.139375|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16740003|Ait Ichou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.554167|-6.051389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16740013|Ait Yadine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.970278|-6.0175|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.95093|-5.99091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16740014|Ait Siberne]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.888889|-5.927222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16740015|Ait Ouribel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.784167|-6.128056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.77507|-6.11579|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16740017|Ait Mimoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.780833|-5.782222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20383301|Ait Malek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.96108|-6.47171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20384740|Houderrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.712083|-6.265861|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20385209|Brachoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.696389|-6.632778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة البراشوة (11428).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20386271|Jemaat Moul Blad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.588056|-6.426389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389573|Sidi El Ghandour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.853611|-6.059722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi lghandour cemetery.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389839|Sidi Abderrazak]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.963333|-6.161667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الشارع الرئيسي بجماعة سيدي عبد الرزاق.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389883|Sidi Allal Lamsadder]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.889722|-6.150278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20394261|Ezzhiliga]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.3|-6.53333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ezzhiliga commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395058|Ain Sbit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.5575|-6.524167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:عين السبيت.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20402833|Khemis Sidi Yahya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.798333|-6.265278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20413069|Laghoualem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.349722|-6.697778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Laghoualem commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20415523|Sfassif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.896111|-5.806667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20417349|Bouqachmir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.511111|-5.930278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20422268|Majmaa Tolba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.796389|-6.066389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20423125|Moulay Driss Aghbal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.789722|-6.498611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20424271|Marchouch]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.558056|-6.693056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Marchoche (commune).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20424492|M'Qam Tolba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.9375|-6.254444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.01733|-6.24998|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454400|Ait Ali Ou Lahcen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.025833|-6.512222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123681063|Ain Johra Sidi Boukhlal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740735|Khémisset Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.102711|-6.354379|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2827329|Aguelmous]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.15|-5.833333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.13242|-5.8366|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:قوس قيادة أكلموس.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876499|Aït Ishaq]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.76|-5.723333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3051316|El Kebab]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.741944|-5.523056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.733333|-5.516667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.66971|-5.46474|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Elkbab.jpeg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125514|Had Bouhssoussen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.148611|-6.079722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.13496|-6.1348|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3195491|Kerrouchen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.798611|-5.3225|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.79063|-5.34194|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3325534|Moulay Bouazza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.224167|-6.198056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.25646|-6.13193|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3357931|Ouaoumana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.712778|-5.804167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3528320|Tighassaline]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.782222|-5.651667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:تيغسالين.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12184357|El Borj]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.012222|-5.630833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.03439|-5.60133|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826207|Aguelmam Azegza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.947778|-5.408889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Agelmam Azagza.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826399|Ait Saadelli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.676389|-5.332778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17011331|Moha Ou Hammou Zayani]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.9575|-5.686111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.96205|-5.66158|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:View of Eastern side of Moha Ouhammou Zayani Commune - Near Arougou.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013263|Oum Rabia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.056111|-5.414722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sources d'Oum Rabii é.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17019262|Sidi Amar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.950833|-5.834167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20381232|Sebt Ait Rahou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.215278|-6.260556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20384841|El Hammam]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.173543|-5.471308|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389772|Sidi Hcine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.054167|-5.998333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390084|Sidi Lamine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.9|-6.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390177|Sidi Yahya Ou Saad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.6833|-5.58333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20394656|Lehri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1820589|Khénifra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.83497|-5.58515|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lehri Khenifra Morocco.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q952999|Souk Tlet El Gharb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.621111|-6.133611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1169828|Lalla Mimouna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.85|-6.066944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368725|Ameur Seflia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.3111|-6.41613|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368779|Haddada]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.222|-6.511|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368792|Oued El Makhazine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.933333|-5.85|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368920|Kariat Ben Aouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.766667|-5.95|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368948|Chouafaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.766667|-6.05|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.94685|-6.16667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368983|Ben Mansour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.516111|-6.4275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2369007|Mograne]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.416667|-6.433333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.44967|-6.35615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2369027|Oulad Slama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.335556|-6.460278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.34432|-6.49441|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2369044|Sidi Mohamed Lahmar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.716667|-6.266667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2859627|Arbaoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.9|-5.916667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.91318|-5.93081|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Arbaoua.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3325538|Moulay Bousselham]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.8786|-6.29333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Moulay Bousselham 3.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483181|Sidi Allal Tazi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.519722|-6.323611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483299|Sidi Taibi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.16|-8.58|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة سيدي الطيبي.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4842547|Bahhara Oulad Ayad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.770278|-6.304722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4887904|Beni Malek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.758333|-6.057222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508686|Sidi Boubker El Haj]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.914722|-6.073333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12245176|Mnasra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.766667|-5.516667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61872997|Sidi Mohamed Ben Mansour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q284878|Kénitra Province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2921647|Bou Jedyane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.111389|-5.782222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4930992|Bni Arouss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.306389|-5.629167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.325|-5.64217|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931000|Bni Garfett]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.25|-5.833333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.25765|-5.84055|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6440696|Ksar Bjir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.951667|-5.916389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6488033|Laouamra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.8|-8.716667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.065556|-6.093889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6802800|Souk Tolba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.081389|-5.840278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110420|Oulad Ouchih]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.093889|-5.945278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7399580|Sahel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.966667|-4.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.24761|-6.06168|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7564131|Souk L'Qolla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.071667|-5.570278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.12112|-5.59873|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8063409|Zaaroura]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.2167|-5.66667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.23263|-5.73457|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188602|Souaken]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.116667|-5.95|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.12034|-5.93075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12201972|Tazroute]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.263056|-5.545278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202670|Tatoft]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.033889|-5.770556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214072|Rissana Chamalia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.220833|-5.946389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214073|Rissana Janoubia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.171944|-5.976667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214765|Zouada]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.0546|-6.0224|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16208538|Ayacha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1759567|Larache Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.383|-5.83333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q894941|Bou Craa]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]<br/>[[Morocco|Mòrókò]]<br/>[[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Áràbù Sàhráwì]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| {{Coord|26.322778|-12.849722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|26.65006|-12.80895|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bou Craa mine.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Western sahara walls moroccan map-es.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454466|Dcheira]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.0284|-13.0523|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|26.97639|-12.61965|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, province Lâayoune.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454472|Foum El Oued]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]<br/>[[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.1769|-13.3928|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:شاطئ فم الواد.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5669510|Allyène]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408887|M'diq-Fnideq Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.781111|-5.401111|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Tanger-Tétouan, préfecture M'diq-Fnideq.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22672360|Belyounech]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408887|M'diq-Fnideq Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.904658|-5.392297|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La "mujer muerta" en su extensión.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2363471|Harbil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.760278|-8.107222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.79574|-8.11208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3260207|Loudaya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.630802|-8.258507|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483305|Sidi Zouine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.670556|-8.345556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:SIdi Zouine.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454416|Al Ouidane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.576944|-7.808333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.63304|-7.83809|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454421|Ouahat Sidi Brahim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.713889|-7.997222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454422|Oulad Hassoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.650278|-7.836111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454423|Oulad Dlim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.953611|-8.205278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.90388|-8.30237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454428|Souihla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.652778|-8.175556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.61789|-8.19948|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454431|Agafay]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.49|-8.211389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454432|Tassoultante]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.554167|-7.976111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454438|Ait Imour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.545556|-8.296667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.54465|-8.33149|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25463425|Saâda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.625833|-8.102778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.62101|-8.13025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27538118|M'Nabha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673256|Marrakesh Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|31.96024|-8.13059|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.868333|-8.171944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4704358|Al Majjatia Oulad Taleb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1957680|Mediouna Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.484444|-7.511944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.47907|-7.52749|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217644|Sidi Hajjaj Oued Hassar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1957680|Mediouna Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.538|-7.423|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.52478|-7.44056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334115|N'Zalat Bni Amar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.098056|-5.416111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الجماعة الترابية نزالة بني عمار المقر.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697344|Ain Jemaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.033333|-5.8|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.0263|-5.79486|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697354|Ain Orma]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.894167|-5.748056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699262|Ait Ouallal, Meknès Prefecture]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.95|-5.3|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.85856|-5.67959|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5086646|Charqaoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.185|-5.390833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221917|Dar Oum Soltane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.901944|-5.644167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5285423|Dkhissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.937222|-5.466667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711869|M'Haya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.934829|-5.369093|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.04363|-5.26514|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ROND POINT M’HAYA COMMUNE M’HAYA.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Meknes Prefecture.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6737908|Majjate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.818333|-5.513056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة مجاط.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6929556|Mrhassiyine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.014167|-5.461944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.00723|-5.49739|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110169|Oualili]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.04|-5.562778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Triumphal Arch in Volubilis 03.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110279|Oued Jdida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.933333|-5.366667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Gare - Ligne de Fès, gare de Oued-Jdida, construction de la gare par des prisonniers allemands - Oued-Jdida - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T061103.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110285|Ain Karma-Oued Rommane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.1038|-5.7005|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508605|Sidi Abdallah Al Khayat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.001944|-5.369444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.0346|-5.37694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508818|Sidi Slimane Moul Al Kifane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408890|Meknès Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.860556|-5.461111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.83781|-5.44462|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة سيدي سليمان مول الكيفان.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2414144|Boumia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.716667|-5.1|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.66526|-5.13207|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الجماعة الترابية بومية منظر للمدينة.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2676569|Imilchil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.155|-5.634722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.06375|-5.6386|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Imilchil commune headquarters.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826831|Aghbalou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.65773|-5.26004|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aghbalou - Mesquita.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876451|Ait Ayach]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.6908|-4.92917|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.85|-5.06667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.69087|-4.92925|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Djebel Ayachi, Eastern High Atlas, Morocco (1).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876496|Ait Izdeg]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.6444|-4.7409|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.64437|-4.74091|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3111760|Gourrama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.3375|-4.076111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.41974|-4.1413|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3156016|Itzer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.880833|-5.054167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.96866|-5.05046|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:صورة للساحة الموجودة امام مقر جماعة إيتزر.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3515253|Tanourdi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.825|-5.147778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر الجماعة الترابية تانوردي.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3532967|Tounfit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.465833|-5.249444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.47733|-5.13477|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الجماعة الترابية تونفيت المقر.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3574981|Zaida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.818333|-4.959444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zaida panoramique.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539827|Ait Yahya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.27214|-5.17607|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12180876|Anemzi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.324671|-5.266444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12194323|En-Nzala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.505556|-4.465278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195133|M'Zizel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.226944|-4.6475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203607|Tizi N'Ghachou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q990115|Khenifra]]''
| {{Coord|32.7725|-5.217778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.79624|-5.24801|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214253|Zaouiat Sidi Hamza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.440278|-4.711389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217704|Sidi Aayad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.304167|-4.534722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229498|Guers Tiaallaline]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.233056|-4.303889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12246427|Mibladen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.7667|-4.63333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12252292|Guir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.326667|-3.765556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826137|Agoudim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.3816|-5.1788|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826379|Ait Ben Yacoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.9904|-4.8877|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16827966|Amersid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.75|-4.46667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16900191|Sidi Yahya Ou Youssef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q990115|Khenifra]]''
| {{Coord|32.4167|-5.38333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.40308|-5.42118|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Yahya o Youssef Zawya Tounfit.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20391836|Outerbat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.143333|-5.350278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27538807|Bou Azmou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.111389|-5.519722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Casba Bouzmou.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27538808|Amouguer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408385|Midelt Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.298889|-4.837222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2895604|Beni Yakhlef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149096|Mohammedia Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.668056|-7.251389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.687778|-7.339722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.65545|-7.32209|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483271|Sidi Moussa El Majdoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149096|Mohammedia Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.615556|-7.349722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:View over Sidi Moussa El Majdoub.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454408|Sidi Moussa Ben Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149096|Mohammedia Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.559444|-7.381667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Oued El Maleh Dam - View from the back - 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25463423|Chellalate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149096|Mohammedia Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.599167|-7.416667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.61207|-7.4317|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539156|Ain Bou Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.160556|-5.030278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.12642|-4.99558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181274|Oulad Mimoun]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.208333|-5.052222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.23247|-5.04436|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12190035|Laajajra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.206389|-5.124722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12215290|Sebaa Rouadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.037778|-5.137222|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ROUTE DWIATE FES Commune Sebaa Rouadi.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12215323|Sebt Loudaya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.224722|-5.295278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229062|Ain Bou Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229116|Ain Chkef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.963611|-5.028056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ROUTE Douiyat Oued Ennajah commune Ain Chkaf.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12237283|Louadaine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.201944|-4.936111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:قيادة ولاد ميمون، إقليم مولاي يعقوب.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12246857|Mikkes]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.133889|-5.331944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389789|Sidi Daoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.302222|-5.14|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.25876|-5.16651|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534928|Ain Kansra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950226|Moulay Yacoub Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.15|-4.831389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q605549|Ihddaden]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.15|-2.966667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.2|-9.65|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune-Ihaddaden.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q817275|Tangier]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.273529|-3.015069|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Souk-El-Had.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Commune-bni-chiker.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q894944|Bouarg]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.128889|-2.951944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Commune-Bouarg.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2435042|Hassi Berkane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.8392|-2.86694|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.8333|-2.86667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ONCF DF 118 Hassi Berkane - Oulad Rahou.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3530003|Tiztoutine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.983333|-3.15|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Les champs de Tiztoutine (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16825930|Afsou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.8325|-3.176667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Commune-Afsou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826584|Al Barkanyene]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.063889|-2.603056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.04719|-2.59677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16833598|Arekmane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.117222|-2.725556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16843631|Bni Oukil Oulad M'Hand]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.000556|-3.042222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.96624|-3.01082|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16843647|Bni Sidel Jbel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.185|-3.048056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16843652|Bni Sidel Louta]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.106944|-3.065556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16952423|Bni Bouifrour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.153611|-2.986111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005076|Iaazzanene]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.254444|-3.115|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005295|Iksane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.133333|-3.033333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013233|Oulad Daoud Zkhanine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.962778|-2.505|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013247|Oulad Settout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q367864|Nador Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.923333|-2.766944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Commune-Oulad-Settout.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181212|Oulad Salah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q516261|Nouaceur Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.411667|-7.6625|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.36721|-7.64371|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25463413|Oulad Azzouz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q516261|Nouaceur Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.475556|-7.754167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1010760|Telouet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.288333|-7.237222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.29383|-7.17601|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Télouet.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1657147|Ighrem N'Ougdal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.228222|-7.423681|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Agadir-Igherm-n'Ougdal.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3532937|Toundoute]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.2647|-6.59056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229582|Ghassate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.169722|-6.804167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826433|Ait Zineb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.988333|-7.132222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.01133|-7.12215|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16827971|Amerzgane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.05|-7.21667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Amerzgane, 20250311 185426.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16836407|Aznaguen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.422222|-7.429444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005135|Idelsane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.006389|-6.6425|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005366|Imi N'Oulaoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.309444|-6.499167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.42238|-6.56415|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013211|Ouisselsate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.474205|-7.133512|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17023283|Tarmigt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.896111|-6.902778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17052254|Siroua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.726944|-7.361389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Souss-Massa-Drâa, province Ouarzazate.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20383603|Skoura Ahl El Oust]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.067222|-6.539722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20403724|Khouzama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.803611|-7.506944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20405809|Tidli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629229|Ouarzazate Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.098611|-7.605833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q259477|El Argoub]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2410368|Oued Ed-Dahab Province]]''
| {{Coord|23.611111|-15.858333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dakhla Peninsula Monument.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3850353|Oum Dreyga]]''
|
| [[Apáìwọ̀orùn Sàhárà]]
| ''[[:d:Q2410368|Oued Ed-Dahab Province]]''
| {{Coord|24.1015|-13.2758|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4915523|Bir Anzarane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2410368|Oued Ed-Dahab Province]]''
| {{Coord|23.8883|-14.5306|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Oued Ed-Dahab - Lagouira, province Oued Ed-Dahab.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5567503|Gleibat El Foula]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2410368|Oued Ed-Dahab Province]]''
| {{Coord|23.44159|-13.78162|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|23.43868|-13.74664|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Oued Ed-Dahab - Lagouira, province Oued Ed-Dahab.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6004236|Imlili]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2410368|Oued Ed-Dahab Province]]''
| {{Coord|23.251807|-16.0814|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q553125|Lamjaara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.614722|-5.288611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2744413|Moqrisset]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.91|-5.35361|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2925553|Brikcha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.966667|-5.583333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.94338|-5.61493|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3915278|Sidi Bousber]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.566667|-5.366667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.56716|-5.38092|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697329|Ain Beida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.93491|-5.46072|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4807050|Asjen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.85|-5.616667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.87999|-5.64946|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931009|Bni Quolla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.738056|-5.544167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6949463|Mzefroune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.842222|-5.684167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110527|Ounnana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.692778|-5.331389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Ouennana 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508814|Sidi Redouane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.683333|-5.45|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.67169|-5.45467|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7702998|Teroual]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.6667|-5.26667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.68864|-5.24092|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Caserne Blikouss Teroual.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Ouazzane province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8070008|Zghira]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.636944|-5.215833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Ouazzane province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8074648|Zoumi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.8|-5.35|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.79157|-5.36413|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12233422|Kalaat Bouqorra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.748471|-5.197112|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17009600|Masmouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.786111|-5.707778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.76091|-5.69006|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17019247|Sidi Ahmed Cherif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408330|Ouezzane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.565833|-5.273333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Ouazzane province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2907466|Bni Khaled]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.860833|-2.033056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.86142|-2.02101|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217731|Sidi Moussa Lemhaya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.533333|-2.073611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.58187|-2.13|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12242656|Mestferki]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.476944|-2.243611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.48613|-2.26708|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18384650|Ahl Angad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.786667|-1.940556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.68924|-1.8579|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389716|Sidi Boulenouar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.505278|-2.165833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395652|Ain Sfa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.752222|-2.143333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.74966|-2.13899|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20417892|Bsara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.706389|-2.226389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.6844|-2.21926|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23011092|Isly]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734717|Oujda-Angad Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.68511|-2.04789|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.688056|-1.996111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3486243|Skhour Rehamna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.4833|-7.91667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699240|Ait Hammou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.215556|-8.173333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699272|Ait Taleb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.383889|-8.185556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4700298|Akarma]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.866667|-7.65|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949269|Bouchane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.28|-8.31|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6109543|Jaafra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.5145|-8.75553|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.36394|-7.72955|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6123514|Jaidate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.680556|-7.728056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6467609|Labrikiyne]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.288889|-8.057778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6481810|Lamharra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.050833|-7.625278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110378|Oulad Aamer Tizmarine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.253611|-8.397222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110405|Oulad Hassoune Hamri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.321667|-7.896389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110410|Oulad Imloul]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.033333|-7.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508681|Sidi Boubker]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.828889|-7.708333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.85799|-7.74018|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Rhamna Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7536479|Skoura Lhadra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.471944|-7.755833|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Rhamna Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810723|Tlauh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.794722|-7.573611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389853|Sidi Abdallah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.578333|-7.810833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389964|Sidi Ali Labrahla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.179444|-8.000833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Ali Labrahla.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390050|Sidi Ghanem, Rhamna Province]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.724722|-7.9|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390151|Sidi Mansour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.445833|-8.035833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20402038|Nzalat Laadam]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.080556|-7.93|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20403827|Ras Ain Rhamna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.735278|-7.621389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416063|Bourrous]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.74|-7.803611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22948629|Jbilate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408399|Rhamna Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.901667|-7.868889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q532652|Bouguedra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.266667|-8.983333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.23368|-8.9615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3141700|Ahrara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.791702|-7.09262|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.42851|-9.17737|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181202|Oulad Salmane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.283333|-9.233333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Thermal power station of Safi.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12184310|El Beddouza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.541667|-9.278056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.54791|-9.20168|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Fare de safi.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12210570|Khatazakane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.223611|-9.127778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.22264|-9.13435|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20384439|El Gouraani]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.34|-8.772778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.32055|-8.76367|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389756|Sidi Ettiji]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.15252|-8.90735|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.159444|-8.826667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mosque near Midate on the road to Safi, Morocco - panoramio.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390017|Sidi Aissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.41989|-8.90803|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20394228|Lamrasla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.024722|-8.915278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20394308|Lamsabih]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.293333|-8.688889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20394346|Lamaachate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.014167|-9.334722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.00804|-9.35155|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20399826|Atouabet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.9075|-9.317222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.94939|-9.298|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20409803|Dar Si Aissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.116667|-9.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20413900|El Ghiate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.033056|-9.1625|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.99037|-9.1547|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418786|Lahdar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.451111|-8.775|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.4566|-8.82024|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20421355|Saadla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.316389|-9.424444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20423107|Moul El Bergui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.522778|-8.998611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.51129|-8.98488|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25463427|Shahda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26293409|Nagga]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.9975|-9.001111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.05714|-9.04334|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27533449|Ayir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.615278|-9.083333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27533450|Laamamra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.894444|-8.984167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536146|Labkhati]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q637778|Safi Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.430278|-8.640556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2843153|Ameur]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1611786|Salé Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.092222|-6.665556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.095|-6.715|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ameur Rural Commune House.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3482552|Shoul]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1611786|Salé Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|34.0275|-6.65|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.9196|-6.61588|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Shoul.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1799331|Laanoussar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.683333|-4.816667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Laanoussar.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2824317|Adrej]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.623056|-4.441667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Adrej.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876277|Ain Cheggag]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.883333|-5.033333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.86352|-5.05987|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ain Cheggag.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3419779|Ras Tabouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|34|-4.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513777|Tafajight]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.541667|-4.291667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tafajight.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182367|Ighzrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.808611|-4.381389|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ighzrane.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195486|Bir Tam Tam]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.983056|-4.639722|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Bir Tam Tam.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12224806|Azzaba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.6167|-5.21667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.8189|-4.6813|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Azzaba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12236295|Kandar Sidi Khiar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.778333|-4.959444|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Kandar Sidi Khiar.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16825974|Aghbalou Aqorar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.934167|-4.738056|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Aghbalou Aqorar.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826407|Ait Sebaa Lajrouf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.786389|-5.03|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Sebaa Lajrouf.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013241|Oulad Mkoudou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.813611|-4.516944|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Oulad Mkoudou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17019366|Sidi Youssef Ben Ahmed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.786111|-4.815278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.83882|-4.78447|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sidi Youssef Ben Ahmed.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20391685|Ahl Sidi Lahcen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.789167|-4.680556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395392|Ain Timguenai]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.855|-4.488611|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Zaouiat Bougrine.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20399373|Mtarnagha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.8525|-4.575|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mtarnagha.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20405984|Dar El Hamra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.695833|-4.371667|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dar El Hamra.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418029|Tazouta]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969535|Sefrou Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.6667|-4.63333|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Tazouta.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q252511|Oulad Said]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.96327|-7.81151|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3120664|Guisser]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.77205|-7.49419|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483233|Sidi Hajjaj]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.1119|-7.40583|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Collège de Sidi Hajjaj.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697332|Ain Blal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.523333|-7.615|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697336|Ain Dorbane Lahlaf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.093889|-7.235556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931004|Bni Khloug]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.65|-7.38333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.65|-7.383333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931015|Bni Yagrine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.7125|-7.54|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6473439|Lahouaza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.913889|-7.701944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6488478|Laqraqra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.405101|-7.148415|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723849|Machraa Ben Abbou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.646593|-7.801887|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6949494|Mzoura]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.83503|-7.9444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110387|Oulad Bouali Nouaja]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.593056|-7.083889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110392|Oulad Chbana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.05|-7.383333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Oulad Chbana.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110399|Oulad Fares El Halla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.506111|-7.126389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110400|Oulad Freiha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.610833|-7.625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110412|Oulad M'Hamed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.093889|-7.051944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.1272|-6.97456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110427|Oulad Sghir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.854444|-7.538611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7334353|Rima]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.766667|-7.395833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.80312|-7.40409|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181218|Oulad Amer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.448889|-7.213889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181248|Oulad Fares]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.793821|-7.212283|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182859|Khemisset Chaouia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.846111|-7.755833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188727|Sgamna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.734167|-7.203333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195145|Mniaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.866667|-7.260556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195151|M'Garto]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.18863|-7.05197|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195237|N'Khila]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.957222|-7.073056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.92388|-7.06917|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Locator map of N Khila.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12200288|Bouguargouh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.115278|-7.330278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203382|Toualet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.776944|-7.666944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12211242|Dar Chaffai]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.55|-7.5|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12212743|Ras El Ain Chaouia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.981667|-7.393333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217585|Sidi Ahmed El Khadir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.516667|-7.383333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217598|Sidi Dahbi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.05|-7.183333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217604|Sidi El Aidi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.122778|-7.621944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217637|Sidi Boumehdi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.697222|-7.322222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217681|Sidi Abdelkrim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.186944|-7.233333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217722|Sidi Mohammed Ben Rahal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.7775|-7.7725|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.74553|-7.76994|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12242966|Meskoura]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.625|-7.218889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12250443|Oued Naanaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.016667|-7.333333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12252290|Gdana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.960833|-7.922222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.97242|-7.96445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17007734|Lakhzazra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.033333|-7.05|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17011630|Mrizigue]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.846667|-7.131944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454404|Mzamza Janoubia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523840|Settat Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.979444|-7.548333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2876505|Ait Mzal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.283333|-9.116667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.03543|-9.1264|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة أيت مزال 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100282|Massa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.033333|-9.633333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.96069|-9.65881|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Massa Southern Road Entrance.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3514940|Tanalt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.783333|-9.166667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tanalt.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699228|Ait Amira]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.173889|-9.488056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مركز أيت عميرة.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699254|Ait Milk]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.950833|-9.3875|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.96082|-9.42343|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Milk P7147175.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699258|Ait Ouadrim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.029722|-9.247778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.01939|-9.24999|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Ouadrim Communal School Entrance.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4778811|Aouguenz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.831111|-9.176667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Adad Medni 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4882219|Belfaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.031389|-9.554167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Belfaa.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5760780|Hilala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.060278|-9.013889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5987160|Ida Ougnidif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.861667|-9.007778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lkhmiss ida ougnidif.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6003965|Imi Mqourn]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.1675|-9.232222|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الثانوية الاعدادية إيمي مقورن.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6014369|Inchaden]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.105|-9.564167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:دوار ايت بايه 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508604|Sidi Abdallah El Bouchouari]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.964722|-9.278333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.8989|-9.32293|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:سيدي عبد الله البشواري.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508668|Sidi Bibi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.233333|-9.533333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune of Sidi Bibi.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7685964|Targua Ntouchka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.886667|-9.204444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7687632|Tassegdelt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.087778|-9.088333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:أكادير إمعيزن مسجد.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810526|Tizi Ntakoucht]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.958056|-9.111944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tizi Ntakoucht Commune Building.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217738|Sidi Ouassay]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.05|-9.683333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:PXL 20231104 181101992.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013158|Ouad Essafa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424820|Shtouka Ait Baha Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.267222|-9.371944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة الصفا.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3135328|Oualidia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.733333|-9.016667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.731389|-9.033889|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Vue sur la lagune de Oualidia-chugues.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3214270|Laaounate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.7446|-8.1942|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358154|Oulad Amrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.3736|-8.53953|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6466536|Laagagcha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.55|-8.716667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6466560|Laamria (Sidi Bennour Province)]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.801389|-8.233056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6466609|Laatatra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.631389|-8.414722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6472108|Laghnadra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.616111|-8.650833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110390|Oulad Boussaken]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.570278|-8.121667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110424|Oulad Sbaita]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.632|-8.8456|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110428|Oulad Si Bouhya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.706944|-8.313611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12190692|Al-Gharbiyyah Commune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.571944|-8.856944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12193191|Lmechrek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.693333|-8.4525|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195135|M'Tal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.490833|-8.378056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Jemaat Mtal.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199442|Bni Tsiriss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.8606|-8.05303|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199659|Bni Hilal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.86066|-8.053|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199838|Bouhmame]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.619548|-8.475102|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202018|Tamda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.440833|-8.370833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.43963|-8.34645|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12204085|Jabria]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.531944|-8.323333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12210868|Khmis Ksiba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.518056|-8.255278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12215261|Saniat Berguig]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.713889|-8.619444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12234621|Koudiat Bni Dghough]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.449444|-8.493611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12234693|Kridid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.498889|-8.574167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12243606|Metrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408408|Sidi Bennour Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.612778|-8.225556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3299405|Mirleft]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.578234|-10.033965|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mirleft Center.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3307088|Mesti]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.29899|-10.15231|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:سيدي افنيمنظر طبيعي في قرية مستي.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3474906|Sbouya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.1522|-10.201|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3529259|Tioughza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.388457|-9.960651|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tioughza.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699235|Ait Erkha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.34648|-9.63136|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4761784|Anfeg]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.421499|-9.192015|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4784585|Arbaa Ait Abdellah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.390329|-9.91429|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4950471|Boutrouch]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.33499|-9.275495|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة بوطروش.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5983792|Ibdar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.453356|-9.315445|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6003971|Imi N'Fast]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.07761|-10.10032|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7442827|Sebt Ennabour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.42201|-9.56624|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508760|Sidi M'Bark]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19951051|Guelmim-Oued Noun]]''
| {{Coord|29.29867|-9.825005|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7801610|Tighirt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.381|-9.44338|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810790|Tnine Amellou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.2941|-10.0257|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202043|Tangarfa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.222|-9.98797|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217645|Sidi H'Saine Ou Ali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.34881|-9.684855|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217687|Sidi Abdallah Ou Belaid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2672941|Sidi Ifni Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.31825|-9.585694|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q553133|Zirara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.22791|-5.74727|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697338|Ain Dfali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.598412|-5.547326|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4703980|Al Haouafate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.473889|-5.923889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.46356|-5.99233|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4837221|Bab Tiouka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.245556|-5.6625|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4915563|Bir Taleb]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.331667|-5.665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4931007|Bni Oual]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.67475|-5.64953|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5088729|Chbanate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.27039|-5.7302|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221909|Dar Laaslouji]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.410278|-6.026667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5392453|Ermilate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.443889|-6.045833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6401913|Khnichet]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.438333|-5.684444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6482705|Lamrabih]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.47585|-5.44449|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918953|Moulay Abdelkader]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.64344|-5.78405|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7063828|Nouirate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.567778|-5.893333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110421|Oulad Nouel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.493611|-5.710833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7446089|Sefsaf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.558056|-6.007778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7448318|Selfat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.224167|-5.475556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:الجماعة الترابية سلفات المقر.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508621|Sidi Ahmed Benaissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.711389|-5.815|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508639|Sidi Al Kamel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.558611|-6.168611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508655|Sidi Ameur Al Hadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.799167|-5.839444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508659|Sidi Azzouz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.5411|-5.75162|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508764|Sidi M'Hamed Chelh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.501944|-5.772778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.47415|-5.77872|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7684332|Taoughilt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.418056|-5.503889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7695450|Tekna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.353611|-5.561667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.34252|-5.56075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8064382|Zaggota]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969542|Sidi Kacem Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.166667|-5.533333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368770|M'Saada]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.344444|-5.788889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.37882|-5.84819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368809|Kceibya]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.293333|-6.159444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368837|Azghar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.185833|-5.895556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen, province Sidi Slimane.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368874|Sfafaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.25|-6.16|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.33191|-5.98323|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2368935|Oulad Ben Hammadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.200278|-5.829722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2369020|Dar Bel Amri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.188889|-5.969722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.18104|-6.06633|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110404|Oulad H'Cine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.41068|-5.79697|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12200242|Boumaiz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.2925|-5.935|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454403|Ameur Chamalia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408411|Sidi Slimane Province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3050074|El Menzeh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q737483|Skhirat-Témara Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.855278|-6.853056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.86142|-6.85199|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:El Menzeh.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3306624|Mers El Kheir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q737483|Skhirat-Témara Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.886667|-6.898889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.88656|-6.8988|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Mers El Kheir panneau 002.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3460496|Sabbah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q737483|Skhirat-Témara Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.803611|-7.037222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.82012|-7.03335|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390004|Oumazza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q737483|Skhirat-Témara Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.880833|-6.785833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة أم عزة (12827).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20390194|Sidi Yahya Zaer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q737483|Skhirat-Témara Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.826111|-6.903889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.71045|-6.88308|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670009|Abteh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972535|Tan-Tan Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.9015|-11.4494|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Panneau d'arrivée à Abteh.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4885992|Ben Khlil]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972535|Tan-Tan Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.176205|-11.48554|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5088731|Chbika]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972535|Tan-Tan Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.478889|-11.347778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6930162|Msied]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972535|Tan-Tan Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.016667|-10.816667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|28.04069|-10.73512|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7802128|Tilemzoun]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q972535|Tan-Tan Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.2523|-11.0496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483251|Sidi Lyamani]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.37|-5.97|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5968571|Laaouama]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.716667|-5.8|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12180072|Aquouass Briech]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.540556|-5.996667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مركز البريش.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188202|Sebt Azzinate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.651944|-5.732778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.63425|-5.78307|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188222|Sahel Chamali]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.364722|-6.037778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.3878|-6.04368|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199841|Boukhalef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.731667|-5.882778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.65325|-5.91322|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12205807|Al Manzla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.589167|-5.82|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.55087|-5.84416|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12211244|Dar Chaoui]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.5417|-5.73889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.57723|-5.76353|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dar Chaoui.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454385|Had Al Gharbia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.515278|-5.930556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454397|Hjar Ennhal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2392485|Tangier-Assilah Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|35.610833|-5.918611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358491|Ourtzagh]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.55|-4.933333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.5076|-4.9474|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ourtzagh1.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4833263|Aïn Aïcha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.483333|-4.7|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.39997|-4.6619|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ain Aicha , Taounate , Morocco.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4833287|Aïn Médiouna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.5|-4.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949231|Bouarouss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.366667|-4.816667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.39184|-4.83018|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949264|Bouchabel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.383333|-5.016667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949463|Bouhouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.592222|-4.549167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:20141218 - Barrage Bouhouda - Marokko - Air Photo by sebaso.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5518168|Galaz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.55|-4.8|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.55597|-4.85228|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5557478|Ghouazi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.466667|-5.3|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.47253|-5.21313|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6168632|Jbabra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.431389|-4.964167|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة الجبابرة.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6482043|Lamkansa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.301389|-5.274444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.33285|-5.40242|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689625|Loulja]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.289444|-4.948056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:فيلاج الولجة بإقليم تاونات 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918958|Moulay Bouchta]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.483333|-5.116667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.50962|-5.14018|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7294686|Ras el Oued]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.390278|-4.507222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.33896|-4.55582|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508765|Sidi M'Hamed Ben Lahcen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.234444|-4.653056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.22449|-4.64132|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7681120|Tamedit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.683333|-4.195833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tamedit.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182857|Khlalfa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.6725|-4.6275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182900|Rghioua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.568333|-4.584444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12184451|El Bsabsa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.344722|-4.683333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.3109|-4.72144|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12184731|El Bibane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.618333|-4.853889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.62554|-4.86223|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12187698|Ratba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.7833|-4.93333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188091|Zrizer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.587778|-4.62|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195309|Outabouabane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.260556|-4.413889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199521|Bni Snous]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.349167|-5.1925|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199676|Bni Oulid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.589722|-4.451389|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ASC Leiden - van Achterberg Collection - 2 - 061 - Un marché aux plantes utiles. Tentes. Bouguets de plantes aux fleurs roses - Tleta Beni Oulid, Maroc - mai 1997.tiff|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199678|Bni Ounjel Tafraout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.630833|-4.393611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12200072|Bouadel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.542778|-4.5075|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Douar Broumiyene - Bou Adel Commune - Taounate - Overlooking Ourgha River - Morocco.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12201791|Tabouda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.7167|-5.13333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12201992|Tafrant]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.625|-5.124167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203246|Timezgana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.5833|-4.73333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217597|Sidi Haj M'Hamed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.742222|-5.011944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.75792|-4.9906|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217603|Sidi El Abed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.332778|-5.075833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217609|Sidi Mokhfi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.603889|-4.788889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217742|Sidi Yahya Bni Zeroual]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.702778|-4.990556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.67442|-4.9819|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:السوق الأسبوعي بني زروال 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229157|Ain Legdah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.166667|-4.5|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.16459|-4.57105|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229163|Ain Maatouf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.435278|-4.556667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12231079|Fennassa Bab El Hit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.611111|-4.416944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12236738|Kissane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.6|-5.08333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12242449|Mezraoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.540556|-4.729444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.50874|-4.74516|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12242551|Messassa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.280278|-4.533611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12246368|Moulay Abdelkrim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.483889|-5.242222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12250433|Oued Jemaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.26|-4.783333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12250843|Oudka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.675|-4.906667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة ودكة.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16896279|Oulad Ayyad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.083663|-4.610147|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013226|Oulad Daoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969671|Taounate Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.405833|-4.693889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.4303|-4.77275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483246|Sidi Lahsen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.099869|-2.62188|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695159|Ahl Oued Za]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.373531|-2.90364|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.28544|-2.81757|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697349|Ain Lehjer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.59486|-2.37204|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5350784|El Atef]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.78381|-2.90892|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5613096|Gteter]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.27103|-3.005285|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6804744|Mechraa Hammadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.723282|-2.79183|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6812236|Melg El Ouidane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.5667|-3.0167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6822065|Mestegmer]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.486839|-2.68829|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110414|Oulad M'Hammed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.720428|-3.02658|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.53306|-3.07021|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7682365|Tancherfi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.3539|-2.62549|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.3801|-2.4972|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15277627|Sidi Ali Belkassem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2165392|Taourirt Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.985107|-3.022563|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1165464|Daoura]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15125620|Tarfaya Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.418056|-12.986944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|27.46175|-12.99412|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, province Tarfaya.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1324202|El Hagounia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15125620|Tarfaya Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.4264|-12.3919|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Western sahara walls moroccan map-es.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2388243|Tah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15125620|Tarfaya Province]]''
| {{Coord|27.6704|-12.9553|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:نصب تذكاري -الطاح.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Laâyoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, province Tarfaya.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18729679|Akhfenir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q15125620|Tarfaya Province]]''
| {{Coord|28.095278|-12.048333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Akhafnir village.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1582100|Tiout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.397054|-8.687525|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tiout.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2859592|Arazan]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.50646|-8.615742|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.46786|-8.53397|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Arazane.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2860899|Argana]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.778787|-9.125884|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.74338|-9.06467|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ARGANA.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3532931|Toumliline]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.953056|-8.742778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4680791|Adar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.122819|-8.381664|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.16807|-8.31938|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Subdivision of Taroudante Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4690968|Agadir Melloul]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.22492|-7.79601|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.25093|-7.75171|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695161|Ahl Ramel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.312296|-9.106655|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Map of Subdivision of Taroudante Province AR.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695164|Ahl Tifnoute]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.96192|-7.826806|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695681|Ahmar Laglalcha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.452278|-8.980556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Siège de la Commune Ahmer Laglalcha.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699230|Ait Abdallah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.81345|-8.76454|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.82479|-8.74134|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Abdallah (Landschaft).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699252|Ait Igas]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.541472|-8.721472|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Centre de Ait Igass.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699256|Ait Makhlouf]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.603111|-8.911694|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.61008|-8.91547|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Siège de la Commune rurale Ait Makhlouf.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4739434|Amalou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.216667|-8.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.18322|-8.73837|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4807124|Askaouen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.739338|-7.776705|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4808335|Assads]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.233333|-8.866667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.21023|-8.88473|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4808359|Assaisse]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.598135|-7.6523|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4808362|Assaki]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.560556|-8.027778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.5581|-8.03353|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4832115|Azaghar N'Irs]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.3|-8.25|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.18859|-8.16511|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4832907|Azrar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.209958|-8.017034|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.22099|-8.02986|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4907017|Bigoudine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.718533|-9.210078|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.70434|-9.23458|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4950036|Bounrar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.270111|-8.762778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Bounrar - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5336609|Eddir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.552222|-9.272222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5351260|El Faid]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.616667|-8.216667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.5445|-8.22707|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5351492|El Koudia El Beida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.371667|-9.136944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.35023|-9.122|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Al Koudia Al Baida.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5501405|Freija]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.483333|-8.783333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.48923|-8.71121|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune rurale de Freija.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5987164|Ida Ou Moumen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.598333|-9.0025|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5987168|Ida Ougoummad]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.713333|-8.234722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5992079|Igli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.500074|-9.050086|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.58232|-8.55436|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Igli - 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5993936|Igoudar Mnabha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.615|-8.449167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5994457|Iguidi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.746667|-7.925833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.83483|-7.96664|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Iguidi 3 taroudant.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6003982|Imi N'Tayart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.328621|-8.392635|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6472051|Lagfifat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.3325|-9.256944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Lagfifat - Province de Taroudant.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6479579|Lakhnafif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.416667|-9.033333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Dar Saniaa Lakhnafif.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6481808|Lamhadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.372504|-9.047756|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Lamhadi - Route Principale.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6481809|Lamhara]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.57|-8.487778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6482123|Lamnizla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.608604|-9.078652|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6723851|Machraa El Ain]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.427222|-8.896667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110173|Oualqadi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.246389|-8.479444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110389|Oulad Aissa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.558|-8.614|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110519|Ouneine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.868056|-8.185833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.86263|-8.15597|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7113174|Ouzioua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.727778|-8.036944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508613|Sidi Abdellah Ou Said]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.755908|-8.682957|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.80859|-8.6926|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Sidi Abdellah Ou Said (2021).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508630|Sidi Ahmed Ou Abdallah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.338333|-8.572222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.33134|-8.60449|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508634|Sidi Ahmed Ou Amar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.42|-9.163056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508671|Sidi Boaal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.944722|-8.513889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508691|Sidi Boumoussa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.397778|-9.241944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508712|Sidi Dahmane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.496944|-8.821111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508739|Sidi Hsaine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.469444|-7.771944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508798|Sidi Moussa Lhamri]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.471917|-9.159|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Sidi Moussa El Hamri.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7508799|Sidi Mzal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.818639|-8.90225|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7673060|Tabia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.035|-8.876111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.99583|-8.88111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7674979|Tafingoult]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.766667|-8.383333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Siège communal Tafingoult.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7674989|Tafraouten]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.704722|-8.881944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tafraouten - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7679444|Talgjount]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.731111|-8.544444|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Talgjount.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7680244|Talmakante]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.851111|-8.932778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7680596|Tamaloukte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.614688|-8.827659|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tamaloukt - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7684342|Taouyalte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.8075|-7.788333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7687659|Tassousfi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.488056|-7.871111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7687866|Tataoute]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.248056|-8.707778|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tataoute - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7690440|Tazemmourt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.408333|-8.826944|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Centre de santé Tazemmourt - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7801683|Tigouga]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.847194|-8.616667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.83539|-8.61251|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tigouga.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7808055|Tindine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.11|-8.648611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7808671|Tinzart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.624554|-8.412459|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7809554|Tisfane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.158801|-8.552685|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7809623|Tisrasse]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.729722|-8.087778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810517|Tizgzaouine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.378822|-8.080475|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810524|Tizi N'Test]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.844444|-8.39|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Tizi N'Test.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7828533|Toubkal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.9925|-7.816667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.02436|-7.81857|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Village d'Imi Oughlad.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7828757|Toufelaazt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.068056|-8.824722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7828832|Toughmart]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.393611|-8.354722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8064399|Zagmouzen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.568889|-7.855556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.61454|-7.82358|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8066336|Zaouia Sidi Tahar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.471119|-9.119765|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Zaouiat Sidi Taher.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8722892|Imaouen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.049305|-8.578549|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11131837|Sidi Borja]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.439089|-8.84726|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Sidi Bourja - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11220738|Sidi Ouaaziz]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.710556|-8.34|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181965|Ida Ou Gailal]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.638261|-8.632748|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.67893|-8.61293|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune rurale Ida Ou Gailal (2021).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182733|Imoulass]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.743611|-8.763333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Commune Imoulass - 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12201237|Imilmaiss]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.904889|-8.833944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202273|Tidsi Nissendalene]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.209722|-8.971389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12249490|Nihit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.327694|-8.467611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17006602|Issen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2092298|Taroudant Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.431667|-9.257222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.44115|-9.24084|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539686|Ait Ouabelli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.2275|-8.538611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7809653|Tissint]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.9|-7.31667|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12178335|Tlite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.243056|-7.050278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12180422|Oum El Guerdane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.651667|-7.958056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181861|Ibn Yacoub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.04|-7.938333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.00843|-7.84312|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203601|Tizaghte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.733333|-8.490556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203664|Tigzmerte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.713056|-7.971111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12232938|Kasbat Sidi Abdellah Ben M'Barek]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.417222|-8.266944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.46462|-8.33448|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534310|Aguinane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.071389|-7.366667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Aguinane7.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534311|Tamanarte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.161111|-8.958333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Assif Tamanart PC039966.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536014|Issafen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.856111|-8.529722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536015|Adis]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.56411|-8.1013|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.691944|-7.985556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536016|Akka Ighane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.991944|-7.532222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27536017|Tizounine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.242778|-8.328611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27537403|Tagmout]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.973611|-8.260833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tagmout.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27537406|Allougoum]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.277778|-6.829167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358176|Oulad Zbair]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.283333|-4.316667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.29571|-4.28847|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3483176|Sidi Ali Bourakba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.816667|-3.728611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3516558|Tainaste]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.5556|-4.13472|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Taynaste, Taza.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3529989|Tizi Ouasli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.7625|-3.795278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699689|Ajdir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.744333|-3.9735|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539397|Ait Saghrouchen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.012222|-4.553611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6787693|Matmata]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.1|-4.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.09448|-4.48424|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8074757|Zrarda]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.974317|-4.378767|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12195563|Bab Marzouka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.210556|-4.146111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:ONCF DF 112 Bab Marzouka.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199592|Bni Frassen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.381944|-4.376111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199611|Bni Lent]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.327222|-4.203889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12235795|Galdamane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.133333|-3.948889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16766449|Bouhlou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.133333|-4.4|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16766656|Maghraoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.932222|-4.045556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|33.94403|-4.00947|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16766657|Traiba]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.415556|-3.974167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16845268|Bourd]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.734444|-4.094722|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16845914|Brarha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.45|-4.297222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16860494|Oulad Chrif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.268591|-4.159448|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16862201|Rbaa El Fouki]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.384444|-4.282778|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16867021|Smià]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.030556|-4.39|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.00228|-4.29327|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16868254|Taifa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.405833|-4.043056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.35557|-4.07819|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16868591|Tazarine (Taza)]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.872663|-4.187246|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16966952|El Gouzate]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.501944|-4.156667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.49718|-4.12677|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17003635|Ghiata Al Gharbia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.195556|-4.200278|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17004047|Gzenaya Al Janoubia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.623611|-3.863889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17006549|Jbarna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.493889|-3.911667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:La RN29 à l'entrée de Jbarna.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17007033|Kaf El Ghar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.5075|-4.262778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|34.53294|-4.29412|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17009906|Meknassa Acharqia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.309722|-3.963333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17009915|Meknassa Al Gharbia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.280556|-4.075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17011622|Msila]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.44267|-4.17109|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20407395|Bab Boudir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.069722|-4.120278|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:NE Bab Boudir Taza Nov25 A7CR 09289.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20409024|Bni Ftah]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.498056|-4.039444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416263|Bouchfaa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|34.101389|-4.293889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22928959|Bouyablane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1819589|Taza Province]]''
| {{Coord|33.69|-4.103611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q984312|Alnif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.11689|-5.173731|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.11829|-5.11347|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Alnif, Oase.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148135|Ighil N'Oumgoun]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.5|-6.24|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.50558|-6.25111|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة إغيل نومكون.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3272361|M'Semrir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7025|-5.811944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.72992|-5.88266|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3491585|Khemis Dades]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.309|-6.028|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مركز سوق الخميس دادس.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4810308|Assoul]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.945833|-5.208333|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Portail du cercle d'Assoul.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539351|Ait Sedrate Sahl Charkia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.249167|-6.088333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.16936|-6.05469|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة أيت سدرات السهل الشرقية.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Fáìlì:Locator map image of Ait Sedrate Sahl Cha.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6539663|Ait Hani]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.7786|-5.45553|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.74831|-5.57346|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826382|Ait El Farsi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.35|-5.3|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826396|Ait Ouassif]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.233611|-6.147778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.29412|-6.1883|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة أيت واسيف.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826412|Ait Sedrate Jbel El Oulia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.601111|-5.863889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.65254|-5.95665|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826416|Ait Sedrate Jbel El Soufla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.528333|-5.957222|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait Sedrate Jbel El Soufla.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826425|Ait Sedrate Sahl El Gharbia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.196111|-6.198611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.07016|-6.14831|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Imiter Oasis Golden Hour (17642884091).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16826429|Ait Youl]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.4167|-6|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17005387|Imider]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.372778|-5.785556|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17013164|Ouaklim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.45|-5.55|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20395697|Ikniouen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.171667|-5.648889|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20399008|H'Ssyia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.788889|-5.122222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20404920|Toudgha Essoufla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.4675|-5.443056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة تودغى السفلى.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20404937|Toudgha El Oulia]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.546111|-5.570556|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة تودغى العليا.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20406198|Tilmi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.8189|-5.7718|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418091|Taghzoute N'Ait Atta]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.456667|-5.419167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.4615|-5.36092|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر جماعة تاغزوت ن آيت عطّا.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20423354|M'Ssici]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408414|Tinghir Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.22|-4.83|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:جماعة مصيصي.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2857902|Anezi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.656851|-9.35208|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3423400|Reggada]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.571569|-9.69719|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4688841|Afella Ighir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.5|-8.833299|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Ait bounouh.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699247|Ait Issafen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.623079|-9.29661|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4699260|Ait Ouafqa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.498026|-9.111875|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:مقر الجماعة الترابية أيت وافقا.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4747223|Ammelne]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.795746|-8.954965|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4784587|Arbaa Rasmouka]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.836655|-9.499065|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4949788|Bounaamane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.528299|-9.8044|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Bounaamane, Morocco - Landscape.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5351532|El Maader El Kabir]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.850235|-9.657515|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.82221|-9.65486|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6541542|Tnine Aday]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.7482|-9.23719|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110344|Ouijjane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.633333|-9.55|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.66136|-9.56262|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810789|Tnine Aglou]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.75476|-9.81422|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Empty Aglou Corniche - November 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12179339|Arbaa Ait Ahmed]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.810459|-9.33275|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12179345|Arbaa Sahel]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.599344|-9.87699|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Road in Arbaa N Sahel Commune.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12182670|Irigh N'Tahala]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.668695|-9.062855|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.62489|-9.08222|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12201826|Tarsouat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.6|-9.03333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.54876|-8.99219|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12201977|Tassrirt]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.6718|-8.86331|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12202851|Tafraout El Mouloud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.7103|-9.20793|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203600|Tizoughrane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.6111|-9.1724|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12203630|Tighmi]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.5875|-9.4063|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|29.62763|-9.42417|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217590|Sidi Ahmed Ou Moussa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.557945|-9.449195|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Zawiya Sidi Ahmed ou Moussa tombe-tchapele costé.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217625|Sidi Bouabdelli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.4634|-9.784845|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15227854|Ida Ou Gougmar]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2339589|Tiznit Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.544241|-9.31495|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q204287|Zinat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.433333|-5.4|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.42673|-5.39591|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2404500|Bni Karrich]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.5114|-5.42639|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.53856|-5.41438|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6532523|Bghaghza]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.4542|-5.61251|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.45899|-5.60228|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12181230|Oulad Ali Mansour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.378611|-5.229722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.36332|-5.24841|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12186725|Al Hamra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.319167|-5.356944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.34598|-5.35636|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12186968|Al Kharroub]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.396667|-5.727778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.40623|-5.68496|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12188309|Sahtryine]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.558611|-5.469722|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Sahtryine.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12194780|Al Oued]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.263889|-5.231667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.26844|-5.31875|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199460|Bni Harchen]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.502222|-5.696111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199508|Bni Said]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.395556|-5.153889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.41878|-5.1811|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199612|Bni Leit]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.295|-5.396944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12199688|Bni Idder]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.398611|-5.511944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.43478|-5.53282|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12204913|Jbel Lahbib]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.468611|-5.796944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.45907|-5.77919|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214257|Zaouiat Sidi Kacem]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.533889|-5.218333|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12214854|Zaitoune]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.521389|-5.340833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12217374|Souk Kdim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.617222|-5.500833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12219919|Saddina]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.63017|-5.44285|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12229154|Ain Lahsan]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.5475|-5.555|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.56209|-5.57686|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12244892|Mallalienne]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.626389|-5.341389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27538687|Azla]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q1257443|Tétouan Province]]''
| {{Coord|35.5317|-5.28847|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|35.5564|-5.24528|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:آزلا azla.png|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3148139|Ighoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.858611|-8.884167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|31.85726|-8.8552|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19921114|Ras El Ain]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.0234|-8.4878|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20385749|El Gantour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.224444|-8.4725|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20387873|Atiamim]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.076944|-8.546389|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20389806|Sidi Chiker]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.745278|-8.706944|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20419206|Lakhoualqa]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.054722|-8.320833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20421098|Esbiaat]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.204444|-8.560833|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454443|Jdour]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.126944|-8.763333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|32.11544|-8.75873|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25454446|Jnane Bouih]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408420|Youssoufia Province]]''
| {{Coord|32.030833|-8.789444|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1014625|M'Hamid El Ghizlane]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.822222|-5.720833|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:M'hamid-CafeUndShop.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3110024|Tamegroute]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.261222|-5.682028|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Tamegroute4.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3607218|Ait Boudaoud]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.66|-5.49|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.61419|-5.52234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3980098|Taghbalte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.62|-5.35|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.628056|-5.355556|display=inline}}
|
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco, region Souss-Massa-Drâa, province Zagora.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3980137|Tagounite]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|29.983333|-5.566667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Morocco 2014-11-22 (16036651472).jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3981680|Tazarine (Zagora)]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.77222|-5.54583|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.61|-8.01|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.780166|-5.566308|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.81469|-5.54352|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nkob-Morocco-3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10334921|Nkob]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.872222|-5.863889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.99635|-5.84035|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nkob-Morocco-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17631609|Ktaoua]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.127222|-5.295833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.11274|-5.27784|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20383330|Ait Ouallal, Zagora Province]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|31.010278|-6.285|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.87975|-5.91311|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.864405|-5.889003|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Nkob village d’accueil.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20386361|Errouha]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.47|-5.718333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.47456|-5.72234|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20388252|Afra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.7675|-6.2525|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.79406|-6.28599|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20388426|Afella N'Dra]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.760833|-6.453333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.79125|-6.51974|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20392319|Oulad Yahia Lagraire]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.51|-6.240833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.53048|-6.22587|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20398037|Bleida]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.398056|-6.479722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.25129|-6.37164|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20399282|Ternata]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.397778|-5.861111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20408445|Fezouata]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.218056|-5.606111|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20411580|Bni Zoli]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.483889|-5.861944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.50465|-5.85629|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20416135|Bouzeroual]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.511944|-6.028056|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418110|Taftechna]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.645|-5.838611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.65051|-5.85237|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20418359|Tamezmoute]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.8075|-6.114167|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20424708|Mezguita]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.685278|-6.372222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|30.68393|-6.36985|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27534891|Tansifte]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.646111|-6.638611|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27535418|Tinzouline]]''
|
| [[Morocco|Mòrókò]]
| ''[[:d:Q2265471|Zagora Province]]''
| {{Coord|30.376111|-6.193056|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Prehistory-draa13.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
jcsuf9oz6kkc9cluez6f7x86tvqk4kt
Oníṣe:GerardM/Fellows of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences
2
67933
622287
622032
2026-06-13T19:50:18Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622287
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q71275849 Fellows of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences]
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
DISTINCT ?item
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
(REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid)
(CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "/missing{{!}}📖]]") AS ?scholia)
WHERE {
?item wdt:P166 wd:Q71275849 .
OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q71275849/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q71275849/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀
! ORCID iD
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF ID
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139361505|Workneh Ayalew Kebede]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/47647054 47647054]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q139361505|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q139361505/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137199010|Abebe Bekele Zerihun]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137199010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137199010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30225002|Wendimagegn Mammo Deneke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-2412 0000-0001-9274-2412]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30225002|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30225002/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137199516|Kassahun Berhanu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105572010|political economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-8417 0000-0002-2808-8417]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137199516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137199516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74341530|Abebe Dinku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74341530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74341530/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q382901|Mulatu Astatke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2722764|radio personality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36834|composer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q177220|olórin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1643514|music arranger]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15981151|jazz musician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q639669|olórin]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/69261990 69261990]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Mulatu Astatke Cosmopolite 2017 (221840).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q382901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q382901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131290749|Adam Reta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/70829972 70829972]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Adamreta.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q131290749|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q131290749/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112116669|Assefa Hailemariam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/282026798 282026798]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112116669|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112116669/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74488328|Bekele Mekonnen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|sculptor]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74488328|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74488328/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74489915|Belay Kassa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26252897|agricultural economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6707161634387310850009 6707161634387310850009]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74489915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74489915/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74490183|Belay Woldeyes]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74490183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74490183/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60505925|Asrat Hailu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31604487 31604487]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60505925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60505925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74634587|Mengesha Admassu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74634587|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74634587/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74490419|Berga Lamaga]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74490419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74490419/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92656856|Ayana Angassa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3959 0000-0002-6763-3959]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TF3Q8igAAAAJ TF3Q8igAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/9314149368863885980000 9314149368863885980000]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92656856|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92656856/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74492442|Berhanu Gebremedhin]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74492442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74492442/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74493883|Chemeda Fininsa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74493883|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74493883/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74494102|Damen Haile Mariam]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74494102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74494102/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74494219|Daniel Kitaw]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74494219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74494219/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74495083|Darge Wole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74495083|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74495083/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87616193|Abebaw Fekadu]]''
| [[olùkọ̀wé]]<br/>''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-0952 0000-0003-2219-0952]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mb6SijcAAAAJ mb6SijcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/160862063 160862063]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87616193|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87616193/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q970392|Melaku Worede]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/49305650 49305650]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q970392|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q970392/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92664189|Getnet Tadele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6806604|medical sociologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-6140 0000-0003-0784-6140]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272221549 272221549]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92664189|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92664189/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58066090|Asfawossen Asrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-8082 0000-0002-6312-8082]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/179145304390078570215 179145304390078570215]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066090/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74502015|Endashaw Bekele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74502015|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74502015/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74358158|Abebe Getahun]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-3907 0000-0003-4489-3907]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74358158|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74358158/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139381198|Tessema Zewdu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-7965 0000-0001-7458-7965]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q139381198|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q139381198/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139381414|Solomon Abegaz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104998289|animal scientist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q139381414|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q139381414/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74793894|Tadelle Dessie]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74793894|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74793894/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100313461|Abera Kumie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113827227|environmental health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-1322 0000-0002-6249-1322]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100313461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100313461/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114444539|Markos Abebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114444539|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114444539/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74369681|Adane Abraham]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74369681|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74369681/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74370287|Adugna Tolera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-775X 0000-0002-1693-775X]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74370287|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74370287/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37607869|Kebede Deribe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-6996 0000-0002-8526-6996]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aXQauzcAAAAJ aXQauzcAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37607869|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37607869/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71776876|Muchie Mammo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105572010|political economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4877592 4877592]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74518870|Eshetu Wencheko]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74518870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74518870/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74375284|Afework Bekele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74375284|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74375284/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74520034|Fasil Giorghis]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74520034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74520034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47272078|Yemane Berhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-1339 0000-0002-2527-1339]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4702656 4702656]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47272078|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47272078/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2435574|Dessalegn Rahmato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68945431 68945431]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2435574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2435574/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104222948|Moges Yigezu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/38714385 38714385]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104222948|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104222948/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74386610|Ajebu Nurfeta]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74386610|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74386610/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74387027|Alem Bazezew]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74387027|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74387027/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2879326|Bahru Zewde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32079815 32079815]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2879326|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2879326/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74676230|Mengistu Hulluka]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74676230|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74676230/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15279648|Tassew Woldehanna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/261677628 261677628]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15279648|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15279648/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74822681|Taffa Tulu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74822681|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74822681/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74823111|Taye Assefa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53809667 53809667]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74823111|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74823111/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74823277|Taye Bezuneh]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74823277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74823277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81744826|Gobena Ameni]]''
| [[olùkọ̀wé]]<br/>''[[:d:Q106823762|veterinary scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-2816 0000-0002-3245-2816]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-0671 0000-0003-3987-0671]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81744826|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81744826/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74825622|Tegegne Gebre Egziabher]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/189844937 189844937]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/6733043 6733043]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74825622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74825622/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74827154|Tekalign Mamo]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74827154|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74827154/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113753187|Workineh Kelbessa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36577205 36577205]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113753187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113753187/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74827477|Teketel Yohannes]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74827477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74827477/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74827791|Tenalem Ayenew2]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74827791|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74827791/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74828156|Tesfaye Tesemma]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74828156|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74828156/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116782383|Haileyesus Getahun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TZ7MRX8AAAAJ TZ7MRX8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/314902748 314902748]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dr. Haileyesus Getahun.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q116782383|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q116782383/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q726640|Berhane Asfaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17488316|prehistorian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24046525 24046525]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Berhane Asfaw.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q726640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q726640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74398254|Alemayehu Teferra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/52238522 52238522]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74398254|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74398254/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113613982|Solomon Bililign]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16744668|physical chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-7695 0000-0001-5064-7695]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113613982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113613982/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104243805|Fetien Abay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/169149196519474792089 169149196519474792089]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104243805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104243805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74545071|Fassil Gebre Kiros]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74545071|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74545071/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46145576|Ephrem Engidawork]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-6421 0000-0002-9931-6421]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46145576|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46145576/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46001735|Abraham Haileamlak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-9074 0000-0002-3095-9074]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yhWQs3MAAAAJ yhWQs3MAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6710163877744346060007 6710163877744346060007]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46001735|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46001735/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74547956|Gebru Tareke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/90629193 90629193]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74547956|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74547956/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74548223|Getachew Abebe]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74548223|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74548223/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74548474|Getachew Animut]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74548474|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74548474/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74548857|Gete Zeleke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2455 0000-0001-6698-2455]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74548857|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74548857/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20630571|Yonas Beyene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/49479485 49479485]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20630571|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20630571/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5636982|Habtamu Wondimu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/166361148 166361148]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5636982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5636982/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64746932|Brhane Gebrekidan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64746932|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64746932/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74410245|Asrat Worku]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74410245|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74410245/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74554641|Yalemtsehay Mekonnen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4915128|biomedical scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-2171 0000-0001-8640-2171]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KPIJaOcAAAAJ KPIJaOcAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74554641|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74554641/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74411253|Assefa Admassie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-6729 0000-0001-7793-6729]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/280803853 280803853]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74411253|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74411253/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74411926|Assefa Bequele]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/57301810 57301810]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74411926|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74411926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92866466|Wendemagegn Enbiale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-850X 0000-0002-0692-850X]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92866466|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92866466/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3482034|Shiferaw Bekele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17478146 17478146]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3482034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3482034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3050741|Eleni Zaude Gabre-Madhin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272941577 272941577]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Dr Eleni Gabre-Madhin.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3050741|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3050741/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74417367|Atalay Alem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74417367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74417367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115362325|Zelalem Leyew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/64954947 64954947]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115362325|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115362325/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74418139|Atalay Ayele]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74418139|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74418139/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113777471|Aklilu Dalelo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/311169201 311169201]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/78949306 78949306]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113777471|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113777471/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74708224|Mesfin Araya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74708224|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74708224/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115365378|Tesfaye Tafesse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/37601542 37601542]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115365378|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115365378/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115365593|Tesfaye Semela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5341297|educational psychologist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272751170 272751170]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115365593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115365593/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74567668|Getnet Assefa]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74567668|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74567668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115368054|Mohammed Assen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12370538|soil scientist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115368054|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115368054/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74568227|Girma Zerayohannes]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74568227|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74568227/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115368583|Gebre Yntiso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34739596 34739596]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115368583|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115368583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q322091|Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3578589|environmentalist]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/45881207 45881207]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q322091|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q322091/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44870826|Melesse Temesgen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43845|businessperson]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46289754 46289754]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44870826|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44870826/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74571559|Gizahegne Yirgu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74571559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74571559/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74716982|Negussie Tebedge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74716982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74716982/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115807002|Telahun Teka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115807002|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115807002/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115376028|Tsehaynesh Messele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/213803835 213803835]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/70830071 70830071]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115376028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115376028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57420088|Aster Tsegaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-4629 0000-0002-9026-4629]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/281027887 281027887]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57420088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57420088/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115376589|Mitike Molla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-4929 0000-0002-3697-4929]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0-lCl3QAAAAJ 0-lCl3QAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/168145970153232251308 168145970153232251308]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115376589|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115376589/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74577277|Johannes Kinfu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74577277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74577277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26713296|Sileshi Nemomissa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17145304880178611143 17145304880178611143]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26713296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26713296/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74577745|Laike Mariam Asfaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12051314|seismologist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74577745|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74577745/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74723442|Redda Tekle Haimanot]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74723442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74723442/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42431793|Abraham Aseffa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-1150 0000-0002-8028-1150]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42431793|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42431793/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74439424|Ayenew Ejigou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74439424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74439424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74440038|Azage Tegegne]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74440038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74440038/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74441130|Baye Yimam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74441130|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74441130/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75018313|Theodros Solomon]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018313/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75018471|Tilahun Amede]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018471|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018471/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75018623|Tilahun Teshome]]''
| [[Adájọ́]]<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/107352608 107352608]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/283687126 283687126]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018623/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75018761|Tsige Gebre-Mariam]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75018761/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75019074|Wolde-Ghiorgis Woldemariam]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75019074|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75019074/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74730747|Seme Debela]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74730747|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74730747/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74731102|Shibru Tedla]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74731102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74731102/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75019861|Woldeamlak Bewket]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/164527645 164527645]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75019861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75019861/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75020275|Workneh Ayalew]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75020275|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75020275/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75020449|Yalew Endawoke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/20758415 20758415]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/38714328 38714328]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75020449|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75020449/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71993221|Demissie Habte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51022274 51022274]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71993221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71993221/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115388499|Almaz Abebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/283879129 283879129]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115388499|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115388499/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115388634|Yewelsew Abebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111395776|nutritional scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/280148995986159751997 280148995986159751997]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115388634|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115388634/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74734848|Shifferaw Taye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1779650|design engineer]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74734848|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74734848/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74735282|Shitaye Alemu]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-7812 0000-0001-6614-7812]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74735282|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74735282/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71275420|Masresha Fetene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lf4k8zAAAAAJ Lf4k8zAAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71275420|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71275420/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75024856|Yayehyirad Kitaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75024856|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75024856/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74739423|Sileshi Lulseged]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74739423|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74739423/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74740339|Solomon Bekure]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74740339|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74740339/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74740679|Solomon Hailemariam]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74740679|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74740679/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75029382|Zenebework Tadesse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/269382443 269382443]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Retrato de Zenebework Tadesse.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029382|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029382/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75029476|Zerihun Woldu]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029476|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029476/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75029814|Zewdie Bishaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63631922 63631922]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029814|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75029947|Zinabu Gebremariam]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75029947/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55571759|Solomon Tadesse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-2236 0000-0002-9966-2236]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/134110163 134110163]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55571759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55571759/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11167994|Mulugeta Bekele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''
|
|
|
|
| [[Fáìlì:Prof. Mulugeta Bekele.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11167994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11167994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6123057|Sebsebe Demissew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-9596 0000-0002-0123-9596]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/135359137 135359137]
|
| [[Fáìlì:Sebsebe Demissew Royal Society.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6123057|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6123057/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61774859|Ajebu Nurfeta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4764960|animal nutritionist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-4789 0000-0003-3286-4789]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6561149108605168780007 6561149108605168780007]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61774859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61774859/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71725525|Ermias Dagne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100993534|Amha Kebede]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-0708 0000-0003-3308-0708]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100993534|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100993534/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63943669|Berhanu Erko]]''
| [[olùkọ̀wé]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63943669|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63943669/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92921994|Kebebew Assefa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-2436 0000-0002-2734-2436]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92921994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92921994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56881991|Dawit Alemu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-5855 0000-0002-1334-5855]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/210362918 210362918]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56881991|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56881991/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87591046|Belay Simane]]''
|
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/187705055 187705055]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87591046|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87591046/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57892200|Firew Mekbib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-3506 0000-0002-6488-3506]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306149066724565602742 306149066724565602742]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57892200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57892200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87591764|Degefa Tolossa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-1408 0000-0003-2316-1408]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87591764|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87591764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96821427|Meaza Demissie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-2253 0000-0002-8236-2253]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q96821427|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q96821427/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57896205|Yeweyenhareg Feleke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4531850|endocrinologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-6025 0000-0001-7365-6025]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896205|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896205/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104033582|Hirut Woldemariam]]''
| [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
|
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/76144898747450291455 76144898747450291455]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104033582|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104033582/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74623375|Legesse Negash]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74623375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74623375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60500308|Alemayehu Worku Yalew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52899051|biostatistician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-4236 0000-0003-3294-4236]
|
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30272440 30272440]
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60500308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60500308/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60500462|Tefera Belachew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111395776|nutritional scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-3757 0000-0002-8701-3757]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60500462|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60500462/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137198880|Abebaw Yirga Adamu]]''
|
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-6596 0000-0002-4673-6596]
|
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137198880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137198880/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60500518|Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel]]''
| [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-8903 0000-0001-6606-8903]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=293DLvkAAAAJ 293DLvkAAAAJ]
|
|
|
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60500518|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60500518/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
04qqmkphmbie9welh526f3fkt63j6fz
Oníṣe:GerardM/Cameronian hospitals
2
69534
622291
620529
2026-06-14T04:03:59Z
ListeriaBot
17294
Wikidata list updated [V2]
622291
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Wikidata list
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SELECT ?item WHERE {
?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917;
wdt:P17 wd:Q1009.
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|section=
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|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50826305|Sanatorium Suellaba]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16508248|Laquintinie Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q28737091|Akwa]]''
| {{Coord|4.0482|9.70328|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hopital Laquintinie de Douala.JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63729732|Bafang District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q667828|Bafang]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63729949|Bafoussam District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q799808|Bafoussam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63731079|Bafoussam Regional Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q799808|Bafoussam]]''
| {{Coord|5.490782|10.408005|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110754168|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Bafoussam]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q799808|Bafoussam]]''
| {{Coord|5.48991|10.40798|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112918187|Hôpital Régional de Bamenda]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q528432|Bamenda]]''
| {{Coord|5.955653|10.143695|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63714048|Bamendjou District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2881815|Bamendjou]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63725369|Bandja District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2882356|Bandja]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63728695|Bandjoun District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2629132|Bandjoun]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63729140|Bangangté District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2449186|Bangangté]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63725663|Bangourain District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2882495|Bangourain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48803054|Baptist Hospital Banyo]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q520600|Banyo]]''
| {{Coord|6.750164|11.830558|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63725840|Batcham District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2891098|Batcham]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112917808|Hôpital Régional de Bertoua]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q657734|Bertoua]]''
| {{Coord|4.573624|13.698075|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112918913|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Bertoua]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q657734|Bertoua]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112917820|Hôpital Régional de Buea]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q312209|Buea]]''
| {{Coord|4.149662|9.237076|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112955062|Hôpital Général de Douala]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Douala]]
| {{Coord|4.065364|9.758678|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Général de Douala (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112959357|Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Douala]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Douala]]
| {{Coord|3.991265|9.797327|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133252844|Hôpital de district de Bonassama]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Douala]]
| {{Coord|4.072017|9.685738|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63727997|Dschang District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q289267|Dschang]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112913319|Hôpital Régional d'Ebolowa]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q910616|Ebolowa]]''
| {{Coord|2.925332|11.155216|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112918774|Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Ebolowa]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q910616|Ebolowa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112916564|Hôpital Régional d'Edéa]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q1002900|Edéa]]''
| {{Coord|3.796269|10.136674|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63727648|Foumban District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q1439847|Foumban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63727337|Foumbot District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q608765|Foumbot]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63726610|Galim District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q3094745|Galim]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112895960|Hôpital Régional de Garoua]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q157915|Garoua]]''
| {{Coord|9.304782|13.38791|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112943005|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Garoua]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q157915|Garoua]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63726095|Kouoptamo District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q6434666|Kouoptamo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63726395|Kekem District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q3194813|Kékem]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6548984|Limbe Provincial Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q819314|Limbe]]''
| {{Coord|4.016667|9.216667|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Limbe Atlantic Ocean 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14083708|General Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q845172|Littoral]]''
| {{Coord|4.04069|9.68447|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Former general Hospital of Douala.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63724948|Malantouen District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q63725252|Malantouen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110316195|Regional Hospital of Maroua]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q818824|Maroua]]''
| {{Coord|10.603689|14.313284|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Portail hôpital Maroua.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112943136|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Maroua]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q818824|Maroua]]''
| {{Coord|10.636692|14.300618|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63715652|Massagam District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q1907422|Massangam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63729419|Mbouda District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2709339|Mbouda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7251608|Protestant Hospital of Ngaoundéré]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q745906|Ngaoundéré]]''
| {{Coord|7.309382|13.596818|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:N'Gaoundere hospital3.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112895859|Hôpital Régional de Ngaoundéré]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q745906|Ngaoundéré]]''
| {{Coord|7.315668|13.585272|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112943205|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Ngaoundéré]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q745906|Ngaoundéré]]''
| {{Coord|7.324166|13.563901|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112895252|Hôpital Régional de Nkongsamba]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q999070|Nkongsamba]]''
| {{Coord|4.96515|9.934894|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63724742|Penka-Michel District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q771802|Penka-Michel]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112943269|Hôpital de Référence de Sangmélima]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q2708780|Sangmélima]]''
| {{Coord|2.938352|11.986081|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63724262|Santchou District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q7420089|Santchou]]''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110320796|Yagoua regional hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q523657|Yagoua]]''
| {{Coord|10.336852|15.215612|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Entrée HRY prise de droite.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5061218|Central Hospital of Yaoundé]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Yaoundé]]
| {{Coord|3.8714|11.5104|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7894957|University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Yaoundé]]
| {{Coord|3.86268|11.4966|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde (CHU) 2014 from behind.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8049079|Yaoundé Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Yaoundé]]
| {{Coord|3.875195|11.529926|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112895127|Hôpital Jamôt de Yaoundé]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| [[Yaoundé]]
| {{Coord|3.900085|11.521119|display=inline}}
|
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14556952|Yaoundé General Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q739951|àárín]]''<br/>[[Yaoundé]]
| {{Coord|3.908188|11.53919|display=inline}}
| [[Fáìlì:Hôpital Général de Yaoundé.jpg|center|128px]]
|
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140193168|Biyem-assi District Hospital]]''
|
| [[Cameroon (orílẹ̀-èdè)|Kamẹrúùnù]]
| ''[[:d:Q739951|àárín]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2445046|Mfoundi - Yaounde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109046717|Yaounde VI]]''
|
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
ieooskxj8helklivygdb6hit8fsq5gs
Àjàkálẹ̀ Àrùn COVID-19 ní Orilẹ̀-èdè Niger
0
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622273
576858
2026-06-13T17:37:30Z
InternetArchiveBot
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Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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text/x-wiki
[[File:IOM - COVID-19 Response in Niger.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:02|COVID-19 Response in Niger from [[International Organization for Migration]].]]
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = Àjàkálẹ̀ Àrùn COVID-19 ní Orilẹ̀-èdè Niger
| map1 =
| legend1 =
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| map3 =
| legend3 =
| disease = [[coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Niger]]
| first_case = [[Niamey]]
| arrival_date = 19 March 2020<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=3|day1=19|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
| origin = [[Wuhan]], [[China]]
| recovery_cases = 992 <small>(as of 12 July)</small>
| deaths = 68 <small>(as of 12 July)</small>
| confirmed_cases = 1,099 <small>(as of 12 July)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://coronavirus.ne/ |title=Évolution du Coronavirus au Niger en temps réel – Coronavirus, Covid19 |language=en-US |access-date=2020-07-12}}</ref>
| active_cases = 39 <small>(as of 12 July)</small>
| total_ili =
| website =
}}
'''Àjàkálẹ̀ Àrùn COVID-19''' ni wọ́n fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ wípé ó ti tàn dé orílẹ̀-èdè olòmìnira [[Niger]] nínú oṣù Kẹ́ta ọdún 2020. Àjọ [[Amnesty International]] jábọ̀ rẹ̀ wípé àwọn kan fòfin gbé àwọn oníròyìn tí wọ́n ń kọ nípa àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19 ní orílẹ̀-èdè Niger, tí wọ́n sì ké sí ìjọba kí wọ́n dẹ́kùn ìwà ìtẹ̀ ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọnìyàn lójú mọ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news |title=Niger: Civil society organisations call on authorities to end harassment of human rights defenders |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/03/niger-societe-civile-demandent-un-terme/ |accessdate=25 March 2020 |work=www.amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref>
__TOC__
== Bí ó ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Kíní ọdún 2020, Àjọ ìṣọ̀kan tí ó ń rí sí ìlera ní àgbáyé fìdí àrùn Kòrónà tí a tún ń pè ní Kofid-19 ní orílẹ̀-m àgbáyé ní ọjọ́ Kejìlá oṣù Kínní ní ọdún 2020. Tí wọ́n sì fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ wípé àrùn yí bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìlú kan tí wọ́n ń pè ní Wuhan, ní ẹkùn Hubei ní orílẹ̀-èdè China. Àmọ́ ó tó ọjọ́ Kẹtalélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2019 kí wọ́n tó fi tó àjọ ìṣòkan àgbáyé létí.<ref name=Elsevier>{{cite web |url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center |last=Elsevier |date= |website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=Reynolds4March2020>{{Cite news |last=Reynolds |first=Matt |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus |title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic? |date=4 March 2020 |work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020 |issn=1357-0978|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Wón tún fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ siwájú si wípé bí àrùn yí bá ti mú ènìyàn, oun ni ó ń fa ìfúnpinpin ní ní inú káà ọ̀fun ati àyà, tí ó sì ma ń fa kàtá tàbí kí ènìyàn ó ma wú ikọ́ tàbí sín léra léra. Iye ìjàmbá tí àrùn Kòrónà ti fà lágbáyé kéré sí iye ìjàmbá tí àìsàn àrùn ọ̀fun SARS ti fà láti ọdún 2003,<ref name=Imperial13March2020>{{cite web |url= https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/ |title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus |website=Imperial News|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Gov.ukHCIDDef>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid |title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England |last= |first= |date= |website=GOV.UK |language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Àmọ́ iye àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n tó àrùn Kòrónà látàrí ríràn tí ó ń ràn kálẹ̀ ti.pọ̀ ju ti SARS lọ, bí ó ti lẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ìtànkálé àrùn COVID-19 ń gbópọn si lójojúmọ́ tí ó sì ti ṣekú pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpò ènìyàn lágbáyé.<ref name=WFSA>{{cite web |url= https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus |title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |last= |first= |date= |website=www.wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=Imperial13March2020/>
==Bí ó ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ láwọn àsìkò kọ̀ọ̀kan==
===Oṣù Kẹ́ta ọdún 2020===
Orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira [[Niger]] ní akọsílẹ̀ akọ́kọ́ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kẹ́ta ọdún 2020, ní ìlú [[Niamey]]. Ẹni tí ó kó àrùn náà wọ orílẹ̀-èdè náà ni ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógójì. Wọ́n fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀.wípé aláàárẹ̀ náà ti ṣe ìrìn-àjò lọ sí àwọn ìlú bí [[Accra]], [[Abidjan]], [[Lomé]] ati [[Ouagadougou]], ṣáájú kí ó tó darí sí orílẹ̀-èdè [[Niger]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Le Niger enregistre son premier cas de coronavirus (Officiel)|work=Agence Nigérienne de Presse |url=http://www.anp.ne/?q=article/le-niger-enregistre-son-premier-cas-de-coronavirus-officiel|date=19 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref>
Lẹ́yìn tí ìròyìn àrùn yí kálẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè Niger, wọ́n ti àwọn pápákọ̀ òfurufú wọn pa láti tètè dẹ́kun ìtànkálẹ̀ àrùn náà.<ref name=":0" />
Ẹnìkẹta tí yóò kó àrùn yí wọ orílẹ̀-èdè Niger ni obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Brazil]] kan tí ó wọ orílẹ̀-èdè Niger ní 9jọ́ Kẹfà oṣù Kẹ́ta ọdún 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamtaminfo.com/coronavirus-3eme-cas-declare-au-niger/|title=CORONAVIRUS : 3ÈME CAS DÉCLARÉ AU NIGER…|website=L`innovation au service de l`information pour mieux informer.|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-03-25|archive-date=2020-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325093105/http://www.tamtaminfo.com/coronavirus-3eme-cas-declare-au-niger/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Orílẹ̀-èdè Niger ti ní akọsílẹ̀ tí ó tó méje lápapọ̀ nígbà tí yóò fi di ọjọ́ karùndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹ́ta ọdún 2020, ẹni kan ṣoṣo ni ó papò dà ní ọjọ́ Kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹta ní Ìlú Niamey, tí aláìsí náà sì jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́ta tí ó wá láti orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. Àpapọ̀ iye akọsílẹ̀ tí wọ́n pada rí ní orílẹ̀-èdè Niger ní inú oṣù Kẹ́ta jẹ́ Mẹ́rìnlélọ́gvọ̀n lápapọ̀, nígbà tí ènìyàn mẹ́ta papò dá nínú wọn. Èyí wá dín wọn kù sí mọ́kanlélọ́gbọ̀n. <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.tamtaminfo.com/coronavirus-sept-7-cas-enregistres-dont-un-1mort | title=CORONAVIRUS : Sept (7) CAS ENREGISTRÉS DONT UN (1)MORT… | access-date=2020-07-26 | archive-date=2020-04-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413203014/http://www.tamtaminfo.com/coronavirus-sept-7-cas-enregistres-dont-un-1mort/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tamtaminfo.com/coronavirus-sept-7-cas-enregistres-dont-un-1mort/|title=CORONAVIRUS : Sept (7) CAS ENREGISTRÉS DONT UN (1)MORT…|website=L`innovation au service de l`information pour mieux informer.|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-03-25|archive-date=2020-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325093114/http://www.tamtaminfo.com/coronavirus-sept-7-cas-enregistres-dont-un-1mort/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=(COVID-19) Niger : le nombre de cas confirmés de coronavirus s’alourdit à 34|work=aNiamey.com|url=http://news.aniamey.com/h/96977.html|date=1 April 2020|access-date=17 July 2020|language=fr-FR|archivedate=27 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227144954/http://news.aniamey.com/h/96977.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
===Oṣù Kẹ́rin ọdún 2020===
Wọ́n tún ní akọsílẹ̀ iye ènìyàn tí ó tó 685 tí wọ́n ní àrùn COVID-19, èyí sì mú kí iye gbogbo àwọn aláìsàn Kòrónà ó di 719. Àwọn 452 rí ìwòsàn gbà nígbà tí àwọn 32 papò dà tí wọ́n gbọ̀run lọ.
<ref>Future scenarios of the healthcare burden of COVID-19 in low- or middle-income countries, [[MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis]] at [[Imperial College London]].</ref>
.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 102 |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200501-covid-19-sitrep.pdf?sfvrsn=742f4a18_4 |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=17 July 2020 |page=5 |date=1 May 2020}}</ref>
===Oṣù Karùún ọdún 2020===
Nínú oṣù yí, wọ́n tún ṣàwárí ọ̀tun nípa àwọn tí wọ́n ní kòkòrò àrùn COVID-9 tí wọ́n tó 239. Èyí mu kí ggbogbo iye àwọn aláìsàn náà di 958 lápapọ̀, tí iye àwọn tí wó di aláìsí di ìlópo méjì 64, tí àwọn 387 sì rí ìwòsàn gbà. Iye àwọn tó kù tí wọn kò kú tí wọn kò sí tíì gbádùn jẹ́ 55 ní ìparí oṣù Karùún.
.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 133 |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200601-covid-19-sitrep-133.pdf?sfvrsn=9a56f2ac_4 |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=17 July 2020 |page=6 |date=1 June 2020}}</ref>
===Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2020===
Nínú oṣù yí, wọ́n tún ṣàkọsílẹ̀ iye ènìyàn tí ó tó ọgọ́rùún kna àti mẹ́tàdìnlógún aláàrẹ̀. Èyí mú kí iye àwọn aláìsàn náà lápapọ̀ láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àjakálẹ̀ àrùn náà ó gùnkè lọ sí 1075. Iye àwọn tí kú jẹ́ 67 nígbà tí iye àwọn tí wọ́n rí ìwòsàn gbà jẹ́ 943, tí Iye àwọn tó kù tí wọn kò kú tí wọn kò sí tíì gbádùn jẹ́ 65. <ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 163 |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200701-covid-19-sitrep-163.pdf?sfvrsn=c202f05b_2 |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=17 July 2020 |page=7 |date=1 July 2020}}</ref>
==Ẹ tún lè wo ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Africa]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
{{Reflist}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic in Africa}}
{{#related:2020 coronavirus pandemic in South Africa}}
{{#related:2020 coronavirus pandemic in Africa}}
{{#related:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic by country and territory}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19 gẹ́gẹ́bí orílẹ̀-èdè|Niger]]
{{COVID-19-stub}}
{{Niger-stub}}
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Àtòjọ àwọn ọdún tí wọ́n ṣe lórílẹ́-èdè Tunisia
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{{short description|Annual Tunisian festivals by month}}
{{expand list|date=September 2011}}
Onírúurú ayẹyẹ ni wọ́n máa ń ṣe ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Tunisia]] lọ́dọọdún, èyí tí a pín wọ́n pẹ̀lú oṣù tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe wọ́n nínú àtòjọ ìsàlẹ̀ yìí...
==Àtòjọ àwọn ọdún tí wọ́n ń ṣe ní [[Tunisia]] pẹ̀lú oṣù wọn==
===Oṣù kejì===
* Ọdún ohun èlò ìkọrin làgbàáyé. Tí ó ń sọ nípa àwọn àṣà àwọn tí wọ́n ń bẹ ní [[àríwá]] ilẹ̀ [[Áfíríkà]] – [[Tunis]]
===Oṣù kẹta===
* Àjọ̀dún Octopus – [[Kerkennah Islands]]
* Àjọ̀dún orísun omi Sousse. Àjọ̀dún iṣẹ́-ọnà àgbáyé pẹ̀lú ijó, eré, àti eré orí ìtàgé - [[Sousse]]
* [[Mawjoudin Queer Film Festival]] - Tunis
* {{ill|Festival international des ksour sahariens|fr}}. Culture of [[ksar]] dwellers - [[Tatouine]] (Ààrin ìparí oṣù kẹta)
* Orange Blossom Festival – [[Menzel Bou Zelfa]], [[Nabeul]] and [[Hammamet, Tunisia|Hammamet]] (oṣù kẹta sí oṣù kẹrin)
===Oṣù kẹrin===
* Ọdún ọsàn – [[Menzel Bou Zelfa]], Nabeul àti Hammamet, Tunisia (oṣù kẹta sí oṣù kẹrin)
* [[Sbeitla's Spring Festival|Sbeitla's Spring International Festival]] - [[Sbeitla]]
* Folk Art Festival – Tatouine
* Ọdún òkè Oases. Àṣà àwọn [[Berbers|Berber]]. – [[Midès]], Tamezret. (ìparí oṣù kẹrin)
* Ọdún ìrékọjá (Passover Festival) – [[El-Ghriba Synagogue]], [[Djerba]]. (oṣù kẹrin tàbí oṣù karùn-ún)
===Oṣù karùn-ún===
* Ọdún ìrékọjá – El-Ghriba Synagogue, Djerba. (oṣù kẹrin tàbí oṣù karùn-ún)
* Ọdún Jerid – [[Nefta]] àti káàkiri gbogbo àyíká ìlú
* Ọdún orin . Orin àlùjó àti tàkasúfèé – [[Sfax]]
===Oṣù kẹfà===
* Ọdún Falconry – [[El Haouaria]]
* Ọdún ẹṣin àwọn [[Arab]] – [[Sidi Bou Saïd]]
* Ọdún orin [[Malouf]] tí ó jẹ́ káríayé – [[Testour]]
* [[Tabarka Jazz Festival]] - [[Tabarka]] (oṣù kẹfà sí oṣù keje)
===Oṣù keje===
* Ọdún [[Tabarka Jazz]] - Tabarka (oṣù kẹfà sí oṣù keje)
* Àjọ̀dún Ulysses. Àjọ̀dún orin àti ijó tí àwọn kókó rẹ̀ kún fún ìtàn – [[Houmt Souk]]
* Ọdún káríayé ti [[Sbeitla]] - [[Sbeitla]]
* Ọdún Yemọja. [[Kerkennah Islands]]
* Kánífà [[Awussu]] – Sousse
* [[Hammamet International Festival]]. orin ati eré ìtàgé - Hammamet, [[Tunisia]]
* Ọdún káríayé ti [[Bizerte]]. Orin, àṣà, ijó àti oúnjẹ - [[Bizerte]]
* Alẹ̀ [[La Marsa]]. Orin, eré ìtàgé, abbl - [[La Marsa]]
* Àjọ̀dún orin [[Symphonic]] káríayé – [[Amphitheatre of El Jem]]
* Ọdún káríayé ti [[Carthage]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmc.tn/fr/home|title=Carthage Music Festival|access-date=20 February 2016|language=en|archive-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103130721/http://www.jmc.tn/fr/home|dead-url=yes}}</ref> - [[Carthage]]
* Plastic Arts Festival – [[Mahrès]] ([[Sfax]]) (oṣù keje sí oṣù kẹjọ)
===Oṣù kẹjọ===
* Plastic Arts Festival – [[Mahrès]] ([[Sfax]]) (oṣù keje sí ìkẹjo)
* Ọdún Sponge – [[Zarzis]]
* Festival of Diving – Tabarka
* [[Festival International du Film Amateur de Kélibia]] (FIFAK) - [[Kélibia]]
===Oṣù kẹsàn-án===
* Ọdún [[Chouftouhonne]] - Tunis
* Ọdún yíya àwòrán lábẹ́ omi Coralis – Tabarka
* Ọdún wáìnì – [[Grombalia]]
* Odunwíìtì – [[Béja]]
===Oṣù kẹwàá sí oṣù Kejìlá===
* Ọdún fíìmù ti [[Carthage]] (Journées cinématographiques de Carthage, JCC) - Tunis
* Ọdún ìkórè Date – [[Kebili]] (oṣù kọkànlá)
* Ọdún Oases káríayé – [[Tozeur]] (Oṣù Kọkànlá)
* Ọdún káríayé ti [[Sahara]]. Ijó, orin, àti eré orí ìtàgé - [[Douz]] (November–December)
* Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival - Sfax (oṣù Kejìlá)
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
<references />
* {{Cite book |title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Tunisia |publisher=[[DK (publisher)|DK]] |year=2016 |ISBN = 9780241007174}}
{{Africa topic|Festivals in}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Festivals in Tunisia}}
[[Category:Festivals in Tunisia| ]]
[[Category:Music festivals in Tunisia| ]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Tunisia| ]]
[[Category:Arts festivals in Tunisia| L]]
[[Category:Multi-sport events in Tunisia| Festivals]]
[[Category:Cultural festivals in Tunisia| Festivals]]
[[Category:Lists of festivals in Africa|Tunisia]]
[[Category:Lists of festivals by country|Tunisia]]
[[Category:Lists of events in Tunisia|Festivals]]
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Seye Ogunlewe
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{{Àpótíọ̀rọ̀ eléréìdárayá|headercolor=lightgrey|name=|image=Seye Ogunlewe of Nigeria at the 2018 African Championships.jpg|imagesize=|caption=Seye Ogunlewe at the 2018 African Championships|birth_name=|fullname=Adeseye Akinola Ogunlewe|nickname=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1991|08|30|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Lagos]], Nigeria|height={{height|m=1.89}}|weight={{cvt|84|kg}}|website=|education=[[The King's Hospital]]<br/>[[University of Essex]]|country={{flag|Nigeria}}|sport=[[Sprint (running)|Sprint]]|event=[[100 metres|100 m]]|collegeteam=|club=|team=|regionals=|nationals=|olympics=|paralympics=|highestranking=|pb='''100 m''': 10.03 s (2024)|medaltemplates={{MedalSport |Men's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{NGR}} }}
{{Medal|Competition|[[African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2018 African Championships in Athletics|2018 Asaba]]|4 x 100 m}}|updated=27 February 2019}}
'''Adeseye''' " '''Seye''' " '''Akinola Ogunlewe''' (ti a bí ni ọgbọ̀njọ́ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1991) jẹ ọmọ orilẹ-ède Nàìjíríà ti o n sáré pẹlú ẹsẹ ti o ṣe àmọ̀ja nínú ìdíje ọgọrùn kàn mità 100 meters . <ref>http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/seye-ogunlewe-258270</ref> Ó jẹ́ ẹni tí ó kẹ́yìn nínú 100 m àti 4 × 100 m ní Gbogbo-Ere Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2015 . O gbè gbá oróke nínú ìdíje 100 m tí Nàìjíríà ni ọdun 2015 ati 2016. <ref>http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/rio-trials-best-yet-come-ogunlewe/</ref> <ref>http://www.makingofchamps.com/2015/08/01/seye-ogunlewe-emerges-nigerias-fastest-man-national-trials/</ref>
== Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ìgbésí ayé ati ẹkọ ==
A bíi ní ọgbọ̀njọ́ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1991 ní Eko, ó jẹ́ àbíkẹ́yìn [[Adeseye Ogunlewe|Adeseye]] àti Kemi Ogunlewe. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/boxing/1097539/adeseye_ogunlewe.html |access-date=2025-08-20 |archive-date=2019-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910085855/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/boxing/1097539/adeseye_ogunlewe.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://theathleticheat.wordpress.com/2016/05/10/nigerias-fastest-man-2015-seye-ogunlewe-on-the-heat/</ref> Ó lọ sí Ilé-ìwé Atlantic Hall, Epe. Ní àkọkọ ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ bọọlu gbígbà sùgbọ́n olùkọ rẹ̀ gbà níyànjú láti máa sáré.<ref>http://thenationonlineng.net/ill-shock-the-world-at-rio-says-ogunlewe/</ref> O lọ si [[Írẹ́lándì|Ireland]] ní ọdún 2008 ó sì gbègbá orókè níbi ìdíje Àwọn Ilé-ìwé Irish ni ọdún 2009 ati 2010. <ref>{{Citation|title=Ireland tried to woo me into racing for them-- Adeseye Ogunlewe}} https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY6t_PQ1wc4</ref> Ireland ati Nàìjíríà wa nínú ìdíje láti mú kí ó sójú wọn nínú Àwọn ìdíje Junior World ni 2010 . Ó padà pàdánù àwọn Championships. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Ilé-ìwé gíga ti Òfin àti Òṣèlú ti Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ti Essex . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">Ti o nilo itọkasi</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Iṣẹ́-ṣíṣe ==
Ó gbé ipò kejì ni 60 m ní Àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga Ìlú Gẹ̀ẹ́sì &amp; Ìdárayá Àwọn Ilé-ìwé gíga ( BUCS ) Àwọn aṣáájú inú ní ọdún 2011 lẹhin Sven Knipphals . <ref>{{Citation|title=2011 BUCS Indoor 60m Final}} https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmD59j7Z3pA</ref> Ó wà ní ipò kejì tí ó parí ní ọdún 2012 ati 2013 <ref>http://bucs.org.uk/page.asp?section=16474§ionTitle=11-12+Indoor+Championships+Results</ref> ṣugbọn nikẹhin o jáwé olúborí ni ọdún 2014. Ó tún jẹ́ aṣáájú 2013 BUCS ni 100 m. Ni ọdún 2014, kò ṣe àṣeyọrí láti dáàbòbo àkọlé rẹ̀ bí ó ti ṣe ipò kejì lẹyìn Adam Gemili . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://www.athleticsweekly.com/featured/adam-gemili-sprints-bucs-gold-2614 |access-date=2025-08-20 |archive-date=2016-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923071648/http://www.athleticsweekly.com/featured/adam-gemili-sprints-bucs-gold-2614 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Ogunlewe ṣe aṣojú orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ ní Àwọn eré Àgbáyé ní ọdún 2014, tí ó sáré ní 200 m. <ref name=":0" /> Ó parí sí ipò kẹrin 4th nínú eré náà kò sì ní ìlọsíwájú sí ìpele ìparí. Ó sá eré ìdákọ̀ró fún Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje 4 × 100 m ní àṣekágbá ní 2015 Brazzaville African Games . Ẹgbẹ náà ṣe ipò kejì sùgbọ́n wọ́n padà já wọ́n fún ìyípadà àsìṣe ọpa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=http://sportsdayonline.com/nigerian-athletes-shine-in-congo/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |archive-date=2018-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923161116/http://sportsdayonline.com/nigerian-athletes-shine-in-congo/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> O tun de opin ni 100 m eleniyan kan.
Ni Ìdíje awọn olúborí Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2016, ó ṣaṣeyọri láti dáàbòbo àkọlé orílẹ-èdè rẹ̀. Ó gba 100 m ní ti eré aladasa tí ó dára jùlọ ti 10.12 s niwaju Divine Oduduru àti Ogho-oghene Egwero, fún ìdí èyí ó yege fún Àwọn eré Olympic Rio. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/nigeria-sports-news/206569-breaking-seye-ogunlewe-nigerias-fastest-man.html</ref> Lẹhin eré olúborí naa, o lo èrọ ibanisọrọ awujọ lati fi ẹ̀dùn ọkàn hàn nípa àìtó àtìlẹ́yìn ti kò tó ti awọn elere ìdárayá nipasẹ awọn àjọ Nàìjíríà. <ref name=":1">http://thenationonlineng.net/ill-shock-the-world-at-rio-says-ogunlewe/</ref> Ní ọdún 2019, ó ní ìlọsíwájú ní àkókò tí ó dára jùlọ nípa níní ìgbàsílẹ̀ ti ara ẹni tuntun tí 10.11. <ref>https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/ByftTDChN6b{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]]
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{{Short description|Insurgency in Sub-Saharan Africa}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram
| partof = [[Rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà]], [[Ogun lòdì sí Islamic State]], [[Ogun ní Sahel]], àti [[Ogun lòdì sí ìpániláyà]]<ref name="CTC 2021">{{cite journal |author1-last=Bacon |author1-first=Tricia |author2-last=Warner |author2-first=Jason |date=8 September 2021 |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CTC-SENTINEL-072021.pdf |title=Twenty Years After 9/11: The Threat in Africa—The New Epicenter of Global Jihadi Terror |url-status=live |editor1-last=Cruickshank |editor1-first=Paul |editor2-last=Hummel |editor2-first=Kristina |journal=[[CTC Sentinel]] |volume=14 |issue=7 |pages=76–92 |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |location=[[West Point, New York]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908175925/https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CTC-SENTINEL-072021.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |archivedate=8 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908175925/https://ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CTC-SENTINEL-072021.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
| image = {{Multiple image
| perrow = 2/2/2
| total_width = 384
| border=infobox
| image1= Militaire nigériens contre Boko Haram, mars 2015..jpg
| image2= Nigerian Helicopter - Sambisa Forest, 2017.png
| image3= Boko Haram Amputation (removed watermark).png
| image4= Boko_Haram_vehicles_destroyed_by_Cameroon_in_Dec._2018.jpg
| footer_align = center
| footer = '''Ní ọwọ́ ọ̀tún láti òkè''': {{flatlist|
*Àwọn jagunjagun [[Niger Army]] pẹ̀lú òkú jàǹdùkú Boko Haram ní [[Diffa]] lásìkò [[2015 West African offensive|ìkọlù 2015]]
*Àwọn jagunjagun Nàìjíríà ní [[Igbo Sambisa]], 2017
*Àwọn ọkọ̀ Boko Haram tí àwọn ológun [[Cameroon]] bàjẹ́, 2018
*Boko Haram ń gé ọwọ́ ọkùnrin kan, 2017
}}
}}
| date = [[26 Oṣù Keje]], 2009 – di òní<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=7|day1=26|year1=2009}})
| place = Àríwá [[Nàìjíríà]]<br>Àríwá [[Cameroon]] (láti 2012)<br>Gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn [[Niger]] (láti 2014)<br>Ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Chad]] (láti 2014)<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2015/0213/Boko-Haram-escalates-battle-with-bold-move-into-Chad|title=Boko Haram escalates battle with bold move into Chad|author=The Christian Science Monitor|journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=13 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213181444/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2015/0213/Boko-Haram-escalates-battle-with-bold-move-into-Chad|archive-date=13 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
| status = [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ń lọ lọ́wọ́]] ([[Template:Nigerian insurgency detailed map|Màpù ipò ogun lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́]])
* Rògbòdìyàn tàn dé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò: [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]], [[Mali]], àti [[Niger]]<ref name="CTC 2021"/><ref name="Dowd 2015">{{cite journal |last=Dowd |first=Caitriona |date=December 2015 |title=Grievances, governance, and Islamist violence in sub-Saharan Africa |journal=[[Journal of Modern African Studies]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=505–531 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X15000737 |issn=1469-7777 |jstor=26309887 |lccn=2001-227388 |oclc=48535892 |s2cid=155830239}}</ref>
* Àwọn ọmọ-ogun Turkey àti àwọn ajà-gbowó-ṣiṣẹ́ Siria wọ Niger
* [[2015 West African offensive|Ìkọlù Àpapọ̀]] 2015 lé Boko Haram padà sí [[Igbo Sambisa]]
* Wọ́n pa [[Abubakar Shekau]] ní 19 May 2021 nígbà tí ISWAP gba Igbo Sambisa
* [[Boko Haram]] fẹ́rẹ̀ túká pátápátá; [[ISWAP]] di alágbára
| result =
| combatant1 = '''{{NGA}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{CMR}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{NIG}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{CHA}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{BEN}}'''<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo">[https://news.yahoo.com/boko-haram-west-africas-al-qaeda-says-nigerian-150951065.html West Africa leaders vow to wage 'total war' on Boko Haram] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205610/http://news.yahoo.com/boko-haram-west-africas-al-qaeda-says-nigerian-150951065.html |date=3 March 2016}} By John Irish and Elizabeth Pineau. 17 May 2014 2:19 PM.</ref><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref><br/>'''{{USA}}''' ([[2025 United States strikes in Nigeria|láti 2025]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2025 |title=US launches strike against Islamic State militants in northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-launches-strikes-against-islamic-state-militants-northwest-nigeria-trump-says-2025-12-25/}}</ref><br/>{{Collapsible list
| title = Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn:
| {{RUS}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.aberfoylesecurity.com/?p=4419 |title=Nigeria Seeks Russian Military Aid in its War on Boko Haram |date=8 May 2019 |author=Andrew McGregor |website=Aberfoyle International Security |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref>
| {{CHN}}<ref name="The Guardian"/>
| {{FRA}}<ref name="The Guardian"/>
| {{GBR}}<ref name="The Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram Kidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible'.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108192204/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram |date=8 January 2017}} theguardian.com, Wednesday 7 May 2014 17.33 BST.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11306242/British-troops-to-help-fight-against-Boko-Haram-as-SAS-target-Isil.html|title=British troops to help fight against Boko Haram as SAS target Isil|work=the Telegraph|date=20 December 2014|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211000511/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11306242/British-troops-to-help-fight-against-Boko-Haram-as-SAS-target-Isil.html|archive-date=11 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{flag|African Union}}<ref>[http://mashable.com/2015/01/31/african-union-boko-haram-troops/ African Union agrees to send 7,500 troops to fight Boko Haram in Nigeria]. [[Mashable.com]], 31 January 2015.</ref><ref name="Medium">[http://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-african-union-readies-an-army-to-beat-boko-haram-694150ba6ebb The African Union Readies an Army to Fight Boko Haram] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703072009/https://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-african-union-readies-an-army-to-beat-boko-haram-694150ba6ebb |date=3 July 2015}}, Medium.com.</ref>
| {{TUR}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/05/turkey-recruits-syrians-to-fight-in-africa-under-supervision-of-sultan-murad-division/|title=Turkey recruits Syrians to fight in Africa under supervision of Sultan Murad Division|work=[[Enab Baladi]]|author=Hassan Ibrahim|date=13 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Consisting of 250 members.. Turkish intelligence is preparing the second batch of Syrian mercenaries to be sent to Niger |url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-250-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ac/712852/ |access-date=5 May 2024 |publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |date=5 May 2024 |language=Arabic}}</ref>
| {{PAK}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nigeria-turns-east-russia-pakistan-now-selling-warplanes-help-boko-haram-fight-1594886|title=Nigeria turns east: Russia and Pakistan now selling warplanes to help in Boko Haram fight|first=Ludovica|last=Iaccino|date=5 December 2016|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614044901/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nigeria-turns-east-russia-pakistan-now-selling-warplanes-help-boko-haram-fight-1594886|archive-date=14 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://quwa.org/2017/06/08/nigerian-special-forces-battalion-completes-training-course-pakistan/|title=Nigerian Special Forces battalion completes training course in Pakistan|website=quwa.org|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611080034/https://quwa.org/2017/06/08/nigerian-special-forces-battalion-completes-training-course-pakistan/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|date=8 June 2017}}</ref>
| {{CAN}}<ref name="Global News">[http://globalnews.ca/news/1330088/canada-joins-effort-to-free-300-nigerian-schoolgirls/ Canada joins effort to free Nigerian schoolgirls.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701054847/http://globalnews.ca/news/1330088/canada-joins-effort-to-free-300-nigerian-schoolgirls/ |date=1 July 2014}} 14 May 2014 3:23 pm Updated: 15 May 2014 7:01 pm. By Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press</ref>
| {{flag|Egypt}}<ref name="Channelst">{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/05/30/egypt-pledges-to-support-nigeria-in-fight-against-boko-haram//|title=Egypt Pledges To Support Nigeria in Fight Against Boko Haram • Channels Television|date=30 May 2015|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041259/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/05/30/egypt-pledges-to-support-nigeria-in-fight-against-boko-haram//|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The Nation">{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/boko-haram-egypt-assures-nigeria-of-support///|title=Boko Haram: Egypt assures Nigeria of support – The Nation Nigeria|date=20 October 2015|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095609/http://thenationonlineng.net/boko-haram-egypt-assures-nigeria-of-support/|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{ISR}}<ref name="The Jerusalem Post">[https://www.jpost.com/International/Israel-sends-experts-to-help-hunt-for-Nigerian-schoolgirls-kidnapped-by-Islamists-352822 Israel sends experts to help hunt for Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped by Islamists.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910094455/https://www.jpost.com/International/Israel-sends-experts-to-help-hunt-for-Nigerian-schoolgirls-kidnapped-by-Islamists-352822 |date=10 September 2018}} ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''; 20 May 2014 18:03.</ref>
| {{flag|European Union}}<ref name="editioncnn">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/26/africa/africa-isis-training/index.html|title=Feeling the heat: West combats extremists' advance in Africa's deserts|publisher=CNN|date=27 February 2015|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306022148/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/26/africa/africa-isis-training/index.html|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{COL}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/191413-boko-haram-obasanjo-leads-colombian-security-experts-to-buhari.html|title=Boko Haram: Obasanjo leads Colombian security experts to Buhari – Premium Times Nigeria|date=12 October 2015|access-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010084724/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/191413-boko-haram-obasanjo-leads-colombian-security-experts-to-buhari.html|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/01/in-pictures-lt-general-buratai-visits-colombia/|title=In Pictures: Lt. General Buratai visits Colombia|work=The NEWS|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203023444/http://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/01/in-pictures-lt-general-buratai-visits-colombia/|archive-date=3 February 2016|url-status=live|date=25 January 2016}}</ref>
| {{BLR}}<ref>[http://www.belvpo.com/ru/91354.html/ Беларусь попала в ТОП-20 мировых лидеров по экспорту вооружений] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027190036/http://www.belvpo.com/ru/91354.html/ |date=27 October 2018}} – ''Военно-политическое обозрение'', 1 марта 2017</ref>
}}
| combatant2 = '''{{flag|Islamic State}}'''<hr/>'''{{flag|al-Qaeda}}''' <br/>'''Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn:'''<br/>{{flag|al-Shabaab}}{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=22, 26}}<br/>{{flag|al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb}}{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=22, 26, 27}}<ref name="Reuters2013">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html |agency=Reuters |title=Islamists Ansaru claim attack on Mali-bound Nigeria troops: paper |date=20 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202022322/http://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html |archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>
| combatant3 = '''{{flag|Boko Haram}}'''
| commander1 = {{ubl|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Bola Tinubu]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Muhammadu Buhari]]{{Natural Causes}}|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Goodluck Jonathan]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Umaru Yar'Adua]]{{Natural Causes}}|
{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Christopher Gwabin Musa|Christopher Musa]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Lucky Irabor]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Abayomi Olonisakin]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Alex Badeh]]{{Assassinated}}|
{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nuhu Ribadu]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Babagana Monguno]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Sambo Dasuki]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Owoye Andrew Azazi]]{{KIA}}|
{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Hasan Abubakar]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Isiaka Oladayo Amao]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Sadique Abubakar]]|
{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Olufemi Oluyede]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Taoreed Lagbaja]]{{Natural Causes}} |{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Faruk Yahaya]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ibrahim Attahiru]]{{KIA|2021 Nigerian Air Force Beechcraft King Air crash}}| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Tukur Buratai]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Kenneth Minimah]]|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Azubuike Ihejirika]] |{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Abdulrahman Dambazau]]|
{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]]}}{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br>{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Mahamadou Issoufou]]<br>{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Mahamat Déby Itno]]<br>{{flagicon|Chad}} [[Idriss Déby]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Paul Biya]]
| commander2 = '''ISWAP:'''<br>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://dailytrust.com/vicious-iswap-leader-al-barnawi-killed| title=Vicious ISWAP leader, Al-Barnawi, killed| work=Daily Trust| date=15 September 2021| access-date=15 September 2021| archive-date=15 September 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915104337/https://dailytrust.com/vicious-iswap-leader-al-barnawi-killed| dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/09/15/notorious-boko-haram-islamic-state-leader-al-barnawi-killed-borno| title=Notorious Boko Haram, Islamic State Leader, Al-Barnawi Killed In Borno |work=Sahara Reporters |date=15 September 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref><br>{{flagdeco|Islamic State}} [[Sani Shuwaram]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web |date=20 March 2022 |title=Air force allegedly kill ISWAP leader, Sani Shuwaram, others |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/air-force-allegedly-kill-iswap-leader-sani-shuwaram-others/ |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128163320/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/air-force-allegedly-kill-iswap-leader-sani-shuwaram-others/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Islamic State}} Ba Idrisa{{MIA}}{{sfnp|Zenn|2020|pp=6–7}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/isis-backed-boko-haram-faction-may-have-new-chief-20190306 |title=ISIS-backed Boko Haram faction may have new chief |author=AFP |work=News24 |date=6 March 2019 |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306100145/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/isis-backed-boko-haram-faction-may-have-new-chief-20190306 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><br>{{flagdeco|Islamic State}} Bo Lawan ("Lawan Abubakar"){{sfnp|Zenn|2020|pp=6–7}}<br>{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Huozaifah Ibn Sadiq<ref name="Jihadist Leaders Sept 2021">{{cite web|url= https://dailypost.ng/2021/09/21/boko-haram-appoints-deputy-leader-as-iswap-redeploys-commanders/|title=Boko Haram appoints deputy leader as ISWAP redeploys commanders|date= 21 September 2021|work= DailyPost.ng}}</ref><br/>{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} Ba’ana Gana {{Executed}} <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210807121945/https://www.reubenabati.com.ng/index.php/component/k2/item/16860-chaos-as-boko-haram-iswap-executes-its-own-governor-of-lake-chad-in-power-struggle</ref>
| commander3 = '''Boko Haram:'''<br>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]]{{Executed}}<br/>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Abubakar Shekau]]{{KIA}}<ref name="sahara">{{cite web |url=http://saharareporters.com/2021/06/15/abubakar-shekaus-boko-haram-faction-confirms-death-leader-issues-fresh-threats |title= Abubakar Shekau's Boko Haram Faction Confirms Death Of Leader, Issues Fresh Threats |work=Sahara Reporters |date=15 June 2021 |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref><br>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Bakura Doro]]<br/>{{flagicon|Islamic State}} Hassan Buduma<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2025/11/09/boko-haram-iswap-in-fierce-battle-for-control-of-bornos-lake-chad-islands/</ref><br/>{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} Mohd Hassan<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2025/11/09/boko-haram-iswap-in-fierce-battle-for-control-of-bornos-lake-chad-islands/</ref>
| strength1 = [[Nigerian Army]]:<br>130,000 jagunjagun;<br>32,000 àwọn tí wọ́n wà nílé (reserve)<br>[[Nigeria Police Force]]: 371,800<br>[[Multinational Joint Task Force|MNJTF]]: 7,500<ref name="Medium"/><br>(láì ka [[Cameroon]] àti [[Nigeria]] sí){{pb}}[[Cameroonian Armed Forces]]:<br>20,000 jagunjagun<br>300 àwọn olùdámọ̀ràn U.S.<ref name="US1"/><ref name="US2"/><hr />Àwọn ẹ̀ṣọ́ ológun abẹ́lé: Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, ii}}
| strength2 = Ò ń yípadà; láti ẹgbẹ̀rún díẹ̀ sí ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún{{efn|The number of Boko Haram fighters in 2014 was heavily disputed and varied greatly according to different sources: The U.S. Department of State argued that the group had "hundreds to a few thousand" troops, whereas the Cameroonian Ministry of Defense stated that there were 15,000 to 20,000 Boko Haram militants. A Nigerian journalist even suggested that the group had up to 50,000 followers. Analysts Jason Warner and Charlotte Hulme discounted the higher estimates as "verg[ing] on the ludicrous".{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=22}} By 2015, 4,000 to 10,000 rebels were believed to be active.{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=23}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/how-big-is-boko-haram-fac21c25807 |title=How Big Is Boko Haram? |date=2 February 2015 |access-date=2 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203100718/https://medium.com/war-is-boring/how-big-is-boko-haram-fac21c25807 |archive-date=3 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><br/>In 2017, ISWAP (the Barnawi faction) was believed to have 5,000 fighters, whereas Shekau's group counted just 1,000 militants.{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=23}} In 2018, ISWAP had shrunk to 3,000,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/islamic-militants-deadly-resurgence-threatens-nigeria-polls/4783121.html |title=Islamic Militants' Deadly Resurgence Threatens Nigeria Polls |agency=Associated Press |work=Voice of America |date=12 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004549/https://www.voanews.com/a/islamic-militants-deadly-resurgence-threatens-nigeria-polls/4783121.html |archive-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> while the Shekau faction was still estimated at 1,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://africanarguments.org/2018/12/10/boko-haram-notorious-leader-shekau-return-from-dead-again/ |title=Is Boko Haram's notorious leader about to return from the dead again? |author=Jacob Zenn |work=African Arguments |date=10 December 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305150010/https://africanarguments.org/2018/12/10/boko-haram-notorious-leader-shekau-return-from-dead-again/ |archive-date=5 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> By 2019, ISWAP had grown to 5,000–18,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/down-still-threat-many-countries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210195355/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/down-still-threat-many-countries |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 December 2019 |title=IS Down But Still a Threat in Many Countries |work=Voice of America |date=24 April 2019 |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> }}
| casualties1 = Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ti kú
| casualties2 = Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ti kú, wọ́n mú wọn, tàbí wọ́n juwọ́ sílẹ̀<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29352927|title=Boko Haram 'fighters' surrender as alleged chief killed|publisher=BBC|date=25 September 2014|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925041406/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29352927|archive-date=25 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/nigerian-military-claims-surrender-200-boko-haram-fighters-145614297.html?ref=gs|title=Nigerian military claims surrender of 200 Boko Haram fighters|publisher=Yahoo|date=25 September 2015|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811211646/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nigerian-military-claims-surrender-200-boko-haram-fighters-145614297.html?ref=gs|archive-date=11 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/76-starving-boko-haram-members-surrender-to-nigerian-military/|title=76 starving Boko Haram members surrender to Nigerian military|publisher=Fox News|date=2 March 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525064929/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/03/02/76-hungry-boko-haram-members-surrender-to-nigerian-military.html|archive-date=25 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/300-boko-haram-members-surrender-cameroon/|title=300 Boko Haram members surrender in Cameroon|publisher=Vanguard|date=28 September 2014|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818081457/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/300-boko-haram-members-surrender-cameroon/|archive-date=18 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/800-boko-haram-militants-surrender-to-nigerian-military-general-claims-a6972496.html|title=800 Boko Haram militants surrender to Nigeria, General claims|work=The Independent|date=7 April 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012032311/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/800-boko-haram-militants-surrender-to-nigerian-military-general-claims-a6972496.html|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/204498-nigerian-troops-rescue-157-captives-77-boko-haram-members-surrender.html|title=Nigerian troops 'rescue 157 captives as 77 Boko Haram members surrender'|work=Premium Times|date=1 June 2016|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607003314/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/204498-nigerian-troops-rescue-157-captives-77-boko-haram-members-surrender.html|archive-date=7 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| casualties4 = 350,000 ikú lapapọ̀<ref name="Reuters_350">[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/northeast-nigeria-insurgency-has-killed-almost-350000-un-2021-06-24/ Northeast Nigeria insurgency has killed almost 350,000 – UN], Reuters, 24 June 2021</ref><br>2,400,000 [[Internally displaced person|sá kúrò nílé]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|title=ACLED Version 5 (1997–2014)|publisher=Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project|access-date=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113024248/http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria/figures-analysis|title=Nigeria IDP Figures Analysis|access-date=24 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114202/http://www.internal-displacement.org/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria/figures-analysis|archive-date=30 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iom.int/news/iom-highlights-humanitarian-needs-24-million-displaced-northeast-nigeria|title=IOM Highlights Humanitarian Needs of 2.4 Million Displaced in Northeast Nigeria|work=International Organisation of Migration|access-date=13 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144121/http://www.iom.int/news/iom-highlights-humanitarian-needs-24-million-displaced-northeast-nigeria|archive-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live|date=15 April 2016}}</ref>
| units2 = {{tree list}}
* '''{{flag|Islamic State}}'''
** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Boko Haram]]{{efn|[[Islamic State|IS]] Province from 2015{{endash}}2016<ref name="Britannica2">{{cite web |title=Boko Haram Nigerian Islamic group |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boko-Haram |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Britannica}}</ref><ref name="too-much-2017-283-4">{{cite journal |last1=Zenna |first1=Jacob |last2=Pierib |first2=Zacharias |date=Summer 2017 |title=How much Takfir is too much Takfir? The Evolution of Boko Haram's Factionalization. |url=https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/download/107/90 |journal=Journal for Deradicalization |issue=11 |pages=283–4 |issn=2363-9849 |access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="BokoHaramIS"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2015 |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538 |access-date=7 March 2015 |website=BBC News}}</ref>}}
** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|ISWAP]]{{efn|from 2016, originally Barnawi faction of Boko Haram<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2016/08/shekau-resurfaces-accuses-new-boko-haram-leader-al-barnawi-of-attempted-coup/ |title=Shekau Resurfaces, Accuses New Boko Haram Leader al-Barnawi of Attempted Coup |work=360nobs |date=4 August 2016 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717012857/https://www.360nobs.com/2016/08/shekau-resurfaces-accuses-new-boko-haram-leader-al-barnawi-of-attempted-coup/ |archive-date=17 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dialogue End"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-26/nigeria-turns-to-dialogue-to-end-nine-year-islamist-insurgency |title=Nigeria Turns to Dialogue to End 9-Year Islamist Insurgency |author=Yinka Ibukun |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=26 March 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408055700/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-26/nigeria-turns-to-dialogue-to-end-nine-year-islamist-insurgency |archive-date=8 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
*** Hizbah police<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210807121945/https://www.reubenabati.com.ng/index.php/component/k2/item/16860-chaos-as-boko-haram-iswap-executes-its-own-governor-of-lake-chad-in-power-struggle</ref>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Lake Chad Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Sambisa Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Al Farouq Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Kerenoa Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|Banki Governorate]]<ref name="human081222"/>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_–_West_Africa_Province#Governorates|"Central Nigeria" cell]]<ref name="human081222">{{cite news |author=Murtala Abdullahi |date=8 December 2022 |title=ISWAP's Pledge To New ISIS Leader Shows Transformation |url=https://humanglemedia.com/iswaps-pledge-to-new-isis-leader-shows-transformation/ |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=Humangle}}</ref>
** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Islamic State – Sahel Province|ISSP]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Lakurawa]] (2023{{endash}}di òní)<ref>{{cite news|title=Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria|url=https://www.zikoko.com/citizen/everything-we-know-about-lakurawa-the-new-terror-group-in-nigeria/|date=9 November 2024}}</ref>
----
* '''{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]'''{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=22–24, 27}}
** {{flagdeco|ISIS}} [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin|JNIM]] (2025{{endash}}di òní)
*** Nigerian Brigade<ref>https://emergencydigest.com/2025/10/31/qaeda-affiliate-jnim-claims/</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Ansaru.svg}} [[Ansaru]] (2012{{endash}}di òní){{efn|name=Ansaru|The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction{{sfn|ICG|2014|p=26}} before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012.{{sfn|ICG|2014|p=26}}<ref name="Raghavan">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-islamist-militants-return-from-mali-with-weapons-skills/2013/05/31/d377579e-c628-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html |title=Nigerian Islamist militants return from Mali with weapons, skills |author=Sudarsan Raghavan |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=31 May 2013 |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229235601/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-islamist-militants-return-from-mali-with-weapons-skills/2013/05/31/d377579e-c628-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html |archive-date=29 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerian-hostage-deaths-british-hostage-1754571 |title=Nigerian hostage deaths: British hostage executed in error |author=Steve White |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=13 March 2013 |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217195404/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerian-hostage-deaths-british-hostage-1754571 |archive-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The group had no known military presence in Nigeria from 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active. The group appear allied with rag-tag factions in the [[Nigerian bandit conflict]] and were recently behind the [[Abuja–Kaduna train attack]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://jamestown.org/program/electronic-jihad-nigeria-boko-haram-using-social-media/ |title=Electronic Jihad in Nigeria: How Boko Haram Is Using Social Media |author=Jacob Zenn |work=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |date=9 December 2017 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716225757/https://jamestown.org/program/electronic-jihad-nigeria-boko-haram-using-social-media/ |archive-date=16 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{tree list/end}}
| units3 = {{tree list}}
* {{flagicon|Islamic State}}{{flagicon image|Variant_flag_of_the_Islamic_State.svg}} '''[[Territory of Boko Haram|Daular Musulunci]]'''
** {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} [[Boko Haram]] (2009{{endash}}2015, 2016{{endash}}di òní){{efn|name=factions|Following [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]]'s death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other.{{sfnp|TRADOC G-2|2015|pp=4, 19}}{{sfn|ICG|2014|pp=ii, 22, 26, 27}} This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL.<ref name="Province vs Shekau"/><ref name="Boko Haram joins ISIL"/> The leadership of ISIL eventually decided to replace Shekau as a local commander with Yusuf's son [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], whereupon the movement split completely. Shekau no longer recognized the authority of ISIL's central command, and his loyalists started to openly fight the followers of al-Barnawi.<ref name="Province vs Shekau"/> Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous. In the [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|Battle of Sambisa Forest]] of 2021 ISWAP fighters killed Shekau and al-Barnawi nominally remains head of ISWAP{{sfnp|Warner|Hulme|2018|p=22}}}}
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Abubakar Shekau|Ẹgbẹ́ Shekau]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Behind Boko Haram's Split: A Leader Too Radical for Islamic State|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-boko-haram-s-split-a-leader-too-radical-for-islamic-state-1473931827|access-date=2 October 2016|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201207063709/https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-boko-haram-s-split-a-leader-too-radical-for-islamic-state-1473931827 |archive-date=7 December 2020|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-haram-split-two-deadly-forces/3970425.html |title=Boko Haram Split Creates Two Deadly Forces |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=2 August 2017 |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803131158/https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-haram-split-two-deadly-forces/3970425.html |archive-date=3 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} Njimiya camp dissidents{{efn|'''Njimiya camp dissidents''' was a faction of Boko Haram led by four commanders of the Njimiya camp, that rebelled and waged a low-level anti-ISIS guerrilla campaign in Sambisa Forest following the [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|Battle of Sambisa in 2022]]. The dissidents eventually surrendered to security forces in December 2022, having been defeated by the Islamic State.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/12/17/four-boko-haram-commanders-surrender-nigerian-army-borno-after-years-sambisa-forest |title=Four Boko Haram Commanders Surrender To Nigerian Army In Borno After Years In Sambisa Forest |work=Sahara Reporters |date=17 December 2022 |access-date=10 January 2023 }}</ref>}}
***{{flagicon|Islamic State}} Several minor factions{{sfnp|TRADOC G-2|2015|pp=4, 19}}
{{tree list/end}}
| units1 = {{tree list}}
* '''{{flag|Nigeria}} àti àwọn alájọṣepọ̀'''
** [[Multinational Joint Task Force]]<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211141/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/03/us-cameroon-deathpenalty-idUSKCN0JH1LS20141203 |date=24 September 2015}} By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed 3 December 2014 9:56 am EST.</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203823/http://news.yahoo.com/chad-votes-send-troops-cameroon-nigeria-fight-boko-111630189.html |date=4 March 2016}} AFP for Yahoo! News, 16 January 2015 4:54 PM.</ref><ref name="yahoo"/><ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_african-troops-free-dozens-boko-haram-victims/6204399.html African Troops Free Dozens of Boko Haram Victims], Voice of America, Apr 10, 2021. Accessed April 11, 2021.</ref>
** [[Civilian Joint Task Force]]
*** Àwọn ẹ̀ṣọ́ ológun abẹ́lé (Local militias and vigilantes)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/vigilantes-settle-local-scores-with-boko-haram/2644375.html|title=Vigilantes Settle Local Scores With Boko Haram|work=Voice of America|date=15 February 2015|access-date=15 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215195504/http://www.voanews.com/media/video/vigilantes-settle-local-scores-with-boko-haram/2644375.html|archive-date=15 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, 4–8}}{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=5, 6}}{{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, 3, 7}} {{sfnp|ICG|2018|p=3}}
**** ''Comités de vigilance'' (Chad, Cameroon){{sfnp|ICG|2018|pp=i, 3, 7}}
**** ''Dan banga'' (Niger){{sfnp|ICG|2018|p=3}}
** [[Mercenary|Àwọn jagunjagun gbowó-ṣiṣẹ́]]<ref name="mercenaries">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/world/africa/nigerias-fight-against-boko-haram-gets-help-from-south-african-mercenaries.html |title=Mercenaries Join Nigeria's Military Campaign Against Boko Haram |author=Adama Nossiter |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=16 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315043241/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/world/africa/nigerias-fight-against-boko-haram-gets-help-from-south-african-mercenaries.html |archive-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11596210/South-African-mercenaries-secret-war-on-Boko-Haram.html |title=South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram |author=Colin Freeman |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=10 May 2015 |access-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318204757/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11596210/South-African-mercenaries-secret-war-on-Boko-Haram.html |archive-date=18 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Sultan Murad Brigade.png}} [[Sultan Murad Division]] (láti 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240516-pro-turkey-syria-mercenaries-head-to-niger-to-earn-cash|title=Pro-Turkey Syria mercenaries head to Niger to earn cash|work=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=16 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="niger">{{cite news |title=After Libya and Azerbaijan. Turkey leads a new "mercenary" campaign for Syrians in an African country in exchange for great financial temptations |url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%a3%d8%b0%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7/700222/ |access-date=27 January 2024 |publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |date=27 January 2024 |language=Arabic}}</ref>
*** [[STTEP]]<ref name="South African">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11596210/South-African-mercenaries-secret-war-on-Boko-Haram.html |title=South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram |author=Colin Freeman |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=10 May 2015 |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="mercenaries"/>
{{tree list/end}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Nigerian Sharia conflict}}
{{Campaignbox Boko Haram insurgency}}
'''Ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram''' bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Keje 2009,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Act of insurgency is unislamic, says Sultan – P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/09/24/act-of-insurgency-is-unislamic-says-sultan/|access-date=2021-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="BBC_who">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501|title=Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists?|work=BBC News|date=17 June 2011 |access-date=20 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606043351/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501|archive-date=6 June 2018|url-status=live|language=en-gb}}</ref> nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ [[militant]] [[Islamism|Islamist]] àti [[Jihadism|jihadist]] tí ó jẹ́ [[List of rebel groups that control territory|ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀]], ìyẹn [[Boko Haram]], bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[rebellion|ìṣọ̀tẹ̀]] ológun lòdì sí [[government of Nigeria|Ìjọba Nàìjíríà]].<ref name="Dowd 2015"/><ref name="Nossiter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/world/africa/28nigeria.html?_r=0 |title=Scores Die as Fighters Battle Nigerian Police |author=Adama Nossiter |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 July 2009 |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144601/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/world/africa/28nigeria.html?_r=0 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rògbòdìyàn náà ń wáyé lábẹ́ àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó ti pẹ́ nípa [[Religious violence in Nigeria|ìjà ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà]] láàrin àwọn [[Islam in Nigeria|Mùsùlùmí]] àti [[Christianity in Nigeria|Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì]] ní [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]], tí èròńgbà pàtàkì àwọn [[insurgent|ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] náà sì jẹ́ láti dá [[Islamic state|Ìjọba Ìsìláámù]] sílẹ̀ ní agbègbè náà.<ref name="BBC_who" />
Ìgbìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ [[2009 Boko Haram uprising|Boko Haram ní 2009]] kùnà, wọ́n sì pa aṣíwájú wọn [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]] lábẹ́ àṣẹ ìjọba Nàìjíríà.<ref name="ju">{{cite web|date=2016-02-04|title=Join us or die: the birth of Boko Haram|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/04/join-us-or-die-birth-of-boko-haram|access-date=2021-06-05|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ó dá ẹgbẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2002, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kọ ẹ̀kọ́ òyìnbó (western education) pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀.<ref name="m.guardian.ng">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-31 |title=Lessons learned, missed in Yusuf's death nine years after |url=https://m.guardian.ng/features/lessons-learned-missed-in-yusufs-death-nine-years-after/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ náà wá pín sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpín kékeré tí wọ́n dá dúró, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣọ̀tẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé aṣíwájú ọlọ̀tẹ̀ [[Abubakar Shekau]] ṣàṣeyọrí láti di olórí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dojúkọ ìpèníjà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn abẹ́nú rẹ̀, bí i ẹ̀ka [[Salafi jihadism|Salafist]] ti Abu Usmatul al-Ansari àti ẹ̀ka [[Ansaru]], Shekau di olórí ''de facto'' ti ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà, ó sì rí i dájú pé àwọn ẹ̀ka Boko Haram kò bá ara wọn jà, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n dojúkọ bí wọ́n ṣe máa bi ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣubú.<ref name="in">{{cite news|date=2018-07-16|title=Boko Haram in Nigeria: Split emerges over leadership|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36973354|access-date=2021-06-05}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn àwọn àjọ jihadist mìíràn bí i [[al-Qaeda]] àti [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]], ọgbọ́n ogun Shekau kún fún ìwà ìkà tó burú jáì àti ìkọlù tààrà sí àwọn [[civilian|aralú]].<ref name="m.guardian.ng"/>
Lẹ́yìn ọdún púpọ̀ ti ìjà, àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà wá di oníjàgídíjagan sí i, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àwọn agbègbè ńlá ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Rògbòdìyàn náà pọ̀ sí i ní ọdún 2014 pẹ̀lú ikú 10,849, nígbà tí Boko Haram fẹ̀ agbègbè wọn sí i gidigidi.<ref name="NST">{{cite web|title=Nigeria Security Tracker|url=http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483|website=Council on Foreign Relations|author=John Campbell|access-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110011423/http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483|archive-date=10 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram's four-year reign of terror|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/boko-haram-nigeria-schoolgirls-kidnapping-killed-graphic|access-date=2 June 2014|publisher=Channel 4 News|date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606205214/http://www.channel4.com/news/boko-haram-nigeria-schoolgirls-kidnapping-killed-graphic|archive-date=6 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/boko-harams-bloodiest-year-yet-over-9000-killed-1-5-million-displaced-800-schools-destroyed-in-2014-131864/|title=Boko Haram's Bloodiest Year Yet: Over 9,000 Killed, 1.5 Million Displaced, 800 Schools Destroyed in 2014|work=Christian Post|date=30 December 2014 |access-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108104356/http://www.christianpost.com/news/boko-harams-bloodiest-year-yet-over-9000-killed-1-5-million-displaced-800-schools-destroyed-in-2014-131864/|archive-date=8 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/05/boko-haram-key-military-base-nigeria-chad-border|title=Thousands flee as Boko Haram seizes military base on Nigeria border|author=Monica Mark|newspaper=the Guardian|access-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111004908/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/05/boko-haram-key-military-base-nigeria-chad-border|archive-date=11 January 2015|url-status=live|date=6 January 2015}}</ref> Ní àkókò kan náà, ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà tàn dé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò bí i [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]], [[Mali]], àti [[Niger]], èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di rògbòdìyàn ńlá ní [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref name="CTC 2021"/><ref name="Dowd 2015"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Cameroon: Boko Haram Attacks Escalate in Far North|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/04/05/cameroon-boko-haram-attacks-escalate-far-north|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Human Rights Watch|date=5 April 2021|language=en}}</ref> Nígbà yìí, Shekau gbìyànjú láti mú àjọṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn jihadist kárí-ayé sunwọ̀n sí i nípa sísopọ̀ mọ́ [[Islamic State]] ní Oṣù Kẹta 2015, níbi tí Boko Haram ti yí orúkọ padà sí "[[Islamic State's West Africa Province]]" (ISWAP).<ref name="CTC 2021"/>
Wọ́n lé àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà padà lásìkò [[2015 West African offensive|ìkọlù Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfríkà ti 2015]] láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ-ogun tí Nàìjíríà darí pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfríkà àti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ayé, èyí tí ó fipá mú àwọn jàǹdùkú náà sá padà sínú [[Igbo Sambisa]] àti àwọn ibùdó ní [[Lake Chad|Adágún Chad]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Ìbínú sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wáyé láàrin Boko Haram. Àwọn aṣòdì nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà darapọ̀ mọ́ olú-ile-iṣẹ́ IS, wọ́n sì tako ìdarí Shekau, èyí tí ó fa ìpínyà líle nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà. Láti ìgbà náà, wọ́n ń pe ẹgbẹ́ Shekau ní "Boko Haram", nígbà tí àwọn aṣòdì ń bá iṣẹ́ lọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|ISWAP]] lábẹ́ [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]]. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì wá ń bá ara wọn jà nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń bá ìjọba àbúlé jà. Lẹ́yìn ìgbà díẹ̀, Boko Haram àti ISWAP bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìkọlù tuntun ní 2018 àti 2019, wọ́n sì tún di alágbára sí i.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADF |date=2023-03-14 |title=Boko Haram, ISWAP Turn on One Another as Security Forces Make Gains |url=https://adf-magazine.com/2023/03/boko-haram-iswap-turn-on-one-another-as-security-forces-make-gains/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Africa Defense Forum |language=en-US}}</ref>
Nígbà tí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram wà ní gogoro ní àárín ọdún 2010, òun ni [[terrorist organization|ẹgbẹ́ ìpániláyà]] tí ó léwu jùlọ lágbàáyé ní ti iye àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n pa.<ref name="BBCDefeated"/><ref name="ITI">{{cite news|last1=Pisa|first1=Katie|last2=Hume|first2=Tim|title=Boko Haram overtakes ISIS as world's deadliest terror group, report says|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/global-terror-report/|access-date=23 March 2016|publisher=CNN|date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406143919/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/global-terror-report/|archive-date=6 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IEP">{{cite web|title=Global Terrorism Index 2015|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|publisher=Institute for Economics and Peace|access-date=23 March 2016|page=41|date=November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411115536/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Nínú ìgbìyànjú láti rí i dájú pé ìjíròrò wà láàrin ìjọba àti ẹgbẹ́ náà, [[Presidency of Goodluck Jonathan|ìjọba Ààrẹ Jonathan]] ṣètò ìgbìmọ̀ kan láti fún Boko Haram ní ìdáríjì.<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-04-04|title=BOKO HARAM: Jonathan sets up Amnesty committee|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/boko-haram-jonathan-sets-up-amnesty-committee/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Could offering an amnesty to Boko Haram stop violence in Nigeria?|url=https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/articles/amnesty-boko-haram-nigeria/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Peace Insight|language=en}}</ref> Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn kúlẹ̀kúlẹ̀ ìdáríjì náà pẹ̀lú fífi [[pardon|ìdáríjì]] fún àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram àti fífetísílẹ̀ sí onírúurú [[ethnic groups in Nigeria|ẹ̀yà ní Nàìjíríà]] lábẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú èrò láti fòpin sí ìwà ipá. Ẹgbẹ́ náà kọ̀ ìdáríjì yìí nínú ìgbóhùnsáfẹ́fẹ́ tí aṣíwájú wọn firánṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú àlàyé pé wọ́n ń jà láti dá ìjọba Ìsìláámù sílẹ̀ ní àríwá Nàìjíríà tí Mùsùlùmí pọ̀ sí, àti pé ìjọba ló ń ṣe ìwà ìkà sí àwọn Mùsùlùmí.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-04-11|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram rejects Jonathan's amnesty idea|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-22105476|access-date=2021-06-05}}</ref>
Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2021, ISWAP [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|ṣe ìkọlù sí Boko Haram ní Igbo Sambisa]], wọ́n sì ṣẹ́gun wọn, wọ́n sì pa olórí Boko Haram, Shekau, nígbà tí ìjà náà ń lọ lọ́wọ́; ìròyìn sọ pé ó lo bọ́ǹbù ara-ẹni (suicide vest).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Jason |last2=Akinwotu |first2=Emmanuel |date=2021-05-20 |title=Boko Haram leader tried to kill himself during clash with rivals, officials claim |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/20/boko-haram-leader-abubakar-shekau-nigeria-forest |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ, [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], ẹni tíí ṣe aṣíwájú ISWAP, náà kú.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Maclean |first1=Ruth |last2=Alfa |first2=Ismail |date=2021-10-15 |title=Key Leader of West African Terrorist Group Is Dead, Nigerian Army Says |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/world/africa/nigeria-islamic-state-abu-musab-al-barnawi-dead.html |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ikú Shekau, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram ló juwọ́ sílẹ̀, nígbà tí àwọn mìíràn darapọ̀ mọ́ ISWAP. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àwọn Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ, ní ọjọ́ 5 Oṣù Kẹrin 2022, àpapọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ 51,114 àti àwọn ẹbí wọn, tí ó pẹ̀lú ọkùnrin 11,398, obìnrin 15,381, àti ọmọdé 24,335 ló ti juwọ́ sílẹ̀. Iye yìí ti gòkè sí púpọ̀ ju 100,000 lọ ní Oṣù Keje 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eight Boko Haram fighters surrender to Nigerian troops|date= 14 July 2023|url=https://guardian.ng/news/eight-boko-haram-fighters-surrender-to-nigerian-troops/}}</ref> Aṣíwájú ẹgbẹ́ Joint Task Force sọ pé òun ní ìrètí pé rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram yóò parí láìpẹ́, nígbà tí ó gba àwọn ọmọ-ogun níyànjú láti má ṣe sinmi tàbí fún àwọn jàǹdùkú náà láyè láti tún ara wọn tò, ó ní, "A ti fẹ́rẹ̀ dé ibẹ̀, nítorí náà ẹ jẹ́ kí a máa tẹ̀ síwájú."<ref>{{cite news|title=8 Boko Haram Fighters Surrendered To Troops|date=14 July 2023|url=https://dailytrust.com/8-boko-haram-fighters-surrendered-to-troops/|access-date=28 December 2025|archivedate=19 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119103054/https://dailytrust.com/8-boko-haram-fighters-surrendered-to-troops/|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
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=== Ìdásílẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ===
Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pa àwọn agbègbè Àríwá àti Gúúsù pọ̀ ní ọdún 1914, ní nǹkan bí ẹ̀wádún kan lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun [[Sokoto Caliphate]] àti àwọn ilẹ̀ ọba Ìsìláámù mìíràn tí wọ́n wá di [[Northern Nigeria|Àríwá Nàìjíríà]] lábẹ́ ìjọba Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Sir Frederick Lugard bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gómìnà àwọn agbègbè méjèèjì ní 1912. Lẹ́yìn [[First World War|Ogun Àgbáyé Kìíní]], Jẹ́mánì pàdánù [[list of former German colonies|àwọn ilẹ̀ amúnisìn rẹ̀]], èyí tí ọ̀kan nínú wọn jẹ́ Cameroon, sí ọwọ́ àwọn aláṣẹ Faransé, Belgium, àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Wọ́n pín Cameroon sí [[French Cameroon|apá ti Faransé]] àti [[British Cameroon|apá ti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]]. Apá ti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì yìí tún pín sí [[Southern Cameroons|Gúúsù]] àti [[Northern Cameroons|Àríwá]]. Lẹ́yìn [[plebiscite|ìdìbò]] kan ní 1961, [[Southern Cameroons]] yàn láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Cameroon ti Faransé, nígbà tí [[Northern Cameroons]] yàn láti darapọ̀ mọ́ Nàìjíríà, ìgbésẹ̀ kan tí ó tún jẹ́ kí iye àwọn Mùsùlùmí ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meredith|first1=Martin|author-link=Martin Meredith|title=The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence|publisher=The Free Press|page=197|chapter=11. A House Divided|title-link=The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence}}</ref> Agbègbè yìí ló para pọ̀ di apá púpọ̀ nínú Àríwá-Ìlà-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà, àti apá púpọ̀ nínú àwọn agbègbè tí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ náà ti wáyé.
=== Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀pẹ̀pẹ̀ rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà ===
{{main|Rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà}}
Rògbòdìyàn ẹ̀sìn ní Nàìjíríà ti wà [[Kano riot of 1953|láti ọdún 1953]], àti nínú ọ̀rọ̀ ti ìlú [[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]], láti ọdún 1948.<ref>{{cite web |last=Augustine adah |date=2013-07-23 |title=Will relocation of Tafawa Balewa LG headquarters guarantee peace? |url=http://www.hallmarknews.com/relocation-tafawa-balewa-lg-headquarters-guarantee-peace/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140621124351/http://www.hallmarknews.com/relocation-tafawa-balewa-lg-headquarters-guarantee-peace/ |archive-date=2014-06-21 |access-date=2014-06-21 |work=Hallmark}}</ref> [[1966 anti-Igbo pogrom|Ìpakúpa àwọn Igbo ti ọdún 1966]] ní Àríwá tí ó tẹ̀lé [[Nigerian counter-coup of 1966|ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba-padà ti ọdún náà]] ní àwọn okùnfà méjì: [[1966 Nigerian coup d'etat|ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba àwọn ọ̀gágun Igbo]] àti aáwọ̀ ẹ̀sìn/ẹ̀yà tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ láàrin àwọn Igbo àti àwọn Mùsùlùmí agbègbè náà. Èyí jẹ́ kókó pàtàkì nínú [[Biafran secession|ìyapa Biafra]] àti [[Nigerian Civil War|Ogun Abẹ́lé Nàìjíríà]] tí ó tẹ̀lé e.
=== Maitatsine ===
{{main|Maitatsine|Yan Tatsine}}
Ní òpin àwọn ọdún 1970 sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1980, ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ Ìsìláámù kan wáyé lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Maitatsine]] (Mohammed Marwa) àti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀, [[Yan Tatsine]], èyí tí ó fa ikú ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn. Lẹ́yìn ikú Maitatsine ní 1980, ẹgbẹ́ náà tẹ̀síwájú fún nǹkan bí ọdún márùn-ún mìíràn.
Ní ẹ̀wádún kan náà, olórí ìjọba ológun Nàìjíríà nígbà náà, Ọ̀gágun [[Ibrahim Babangida]] forúkọ Nàìjíríà sílẹ̀ nínú [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Àjọ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè Oní-Ìsìláámù (OIC)]]. Èyí jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ kan tí ó dá wàhálà ẹ̀sìn sílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, pàápàá jùlọ láàrin àwọn Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì.<ref>Holman, Michael (24 February 1986) "Nigeria, Politics; Religious Differences Intensify", ''Financial Times'',</ref> Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, díẹ̀ nínú àwọn Mùsùlùmí tọ́ka sí i pé [[Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation#Member states|àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Áfríkà mìíràn]] tí wọn kò ní Mùsùlùmí tó ti Nàìjíríà wà nínú àjọ náà, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni Nàìjíríà náà ní àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Holy See]] (Vatican).
=== Ìdásílẹ̀ òfin Sharia ===
{{See also|Sharia ní Nàìjíríà}}
[[File:Use of Sharia in Nigeria.svg|300px|thumb|Ipò tí òfin Sharia wà ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Nàìjíríà (ní 2013):<ref name="Ostien575">Ostien & Dekker, 575 (25)</ref>
{{legend|#706EA4|Sharia ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní kíkún, pẹ̀lú òfin ìwà-ọ̀daràn}}
{{legend|#F6DD4F|Sharia wà fún ọ̀rọ̀ ara-ẹni nìkan}}
{{legend|#179C86|Kò sí Sharia}}]]
[[File:Boko Haram in Lake Chad Region.png|thumb|Boko Haram ní Agbègbè Adágún Chad, ní ọjọ́ 14 Oṣù Kẹta 2015]]
Látìgbà tí ìjọba tiwantiwa ti padà dé sí [[Nigeria|Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 1999, wọ́n ti gbé òfin [[Sharia]] kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ara òfin ìlú àti òfin ìwà-ọ̀daràn ní àwọn [[states of Nigeria|ìpínlẹ̀]] 9 tí Mùsùlùmí ti pọ̀ jùlọ àti ní díẹ̀ nínú àwọn agbègbè ní ìpínlẹ̀ 3 tí Mùsùlùmí pọ̀ sí. Èyí bẹ̀rẹ̀ nígbà tí gómìnà [[Zamfara State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara]] nígbà náà, [[Ahmad Rufai Sani]]<ref name=BBC_sharia/> bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo fún ìmúlo Sharia ní ìpele ìpínlẹ̀. Èyí fa aáwọ̀ nípa ipò tí àwọn tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí yóò wà lábẹ́ òfin Sharia. Ìjà láàrin Mùsùlùmí àti Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wáyé lẹ́yìn náà.
Ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Àríwá Nàìjíríà tí Ìsìláámù ti gbilẹ̀, oríṣiríṣi àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Mùsùlùmí àti àwọn ènìyàn ló wà tí wọ́n fẹ́ kí [[Sharia|Òfin Sharia]] wà ní gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/courseware/religion/RIS%20128.pdf |title=Course Lecture: Muslim Groups in Nigeria |work=Unilorin |access-date=7 June 2014 |author=Olawale, Abdul-Gafar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170237/https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/courseware/religion/RIS%20128.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà ti gbọ́ tẹnu àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ní ìpínlẹ̀ méjìlá, èyí tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara ní 1999. Àwọn ènìyàn gbàgbọ́ pé ìtẹnumọ́ gómìnà [[Zamfara State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Zamfara]], [[Ahmad Rufai Sani]] ló mú kí èyí ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref name=BBC_sharia>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1885052.stm |title=Nigerian Sharia architect defends law |work=BBC |date=20 May 2014 |access-date=7 June 2014 |author1=Jonah, Adamu |author2=Igboeroteonwu, Anamesere |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103115858/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1885052.stm |archive-date=3 January 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ìdájọ́ ikú tí wọ́n fún [[Amina Lawal]] àti [[Safiya Hussaini]] fa kí àgbáyé kíjiyè sí ohun tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ kà sí òfin líle. Wọ́n wá fagi lé àwọn ìdájọ́ náà;<ref name="HRW 2002">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/01/08/nigeria-first-execution-under-sharia-condemned |title=Nigeria: First Execution under Sharia Condemned |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=8 January 2002 |access-date=7 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808140307/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/01/08/nigeria-first-execution-under-sharia-condemned |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ìdájọ́ ikú àkọ́kọ́ wáyé ní ọdún 2002.<ref name="HRW 2002"/>
==== Ọ̀rọ̀-òdì àti ìyípadà-ẹ̀sìn ====
{{main|Òfin ọ̀rọ̀-òdì ní Nàìjíríà}}
Méjìlá nínú àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́rìndínlógójì tí Nàìjíríà ní ni [[Sunni Islam]] ti jẹ́ ẹ̀sìn tí ó gbilẹ̀ jùlọ. Ní 1999, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ wọ̀nyí yàn láti ní ilé-ẹjọ́ Sharia pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹjọ́ àbáláyé tí wọ́n ní tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="IRF2008">{{cite web|title=Nigeria: International Religious Freedom Report 2008|publisher=U.S. Department of State|year=2008|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108385.htm|access-date=2 August 2009}}</ref> Ilé-ẹjọ́ Sharia lè ka ọ̀rọ̀-òdì (blasphemy) sí ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí ó tó fún onírúurú ìjìyà títí dé ikú.<ref>Amnesty International. [http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=4FBA416ABC8805C2802569A600603109 Report on Saudi Arabia 2007]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110322025221/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=4FBA416ABC8805C2802569A600603109 Archived from the original]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322025221/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=4FBA416ABC8805C2802569A600603109 |date=22 March 2011}}</ref><ref>Amnesty International. [http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/saudi-arabia Amnesty International Report on Saudi Arabia 2009] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115220652/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/saudi-arabia |date=15 January 2010}}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091007005925/http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/saudi-arabia Archived from the original].</ref> Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ tí Mùsùlùmí ti pọ̀ jù, [[conversion from Islam|yíyípadà kúrò nínú ẹ̀sìn Ìsìláámù]] sí ẹ̀sìn mìíràn kò bófin mu, ó sì sábà máa ń jẹ́ [[capital punishment in Nigeria|ẹ̀ṣẹ̀ tí ikú ni ìjìyà rẹ̀]].<ref>[http://www.refworld.org/docid/50068bbf2.html Nigeria: Recent reports regarding the treatment of persons who convert from Islam to Christianity. Recent reports on Sharia law in relation to religious conversion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419164137/http://www.refworld.org/docid/50068bbf2.html|date=19 April 2014}}, Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre, 26 June 2012, Q15539; available at: [http://www.refworld.org/docid/50068bbf2.html]. Accessed 18 July 2014.</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì iye ènìyàn ===
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwádìí kan lórí [[Demographics of Nigeria|iye ènìyàn]] àti [[Religion in Nigeria|ẹ̀sìn]] ní Nàìjíríà ṣe fi hàn, àwọn [[Muslims|Mùsùlùmí]] ló jẹ́ 50.5% iye àwọn ènìyàn orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àríwá orílẹ̀-èdè náà ni àwọn Mùsùlùmí pọ̀ sí jùlọ; ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn Mùsùlùmí Nàìjíríà sì jẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn [[Sunni]]. Àwọn [[Christians|Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì]] ni ẹgbẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn kejì tí ó tóbi jùlọ, wọ́n sì jẹ́ 48.2% iye àwọn ènìyàn náà. Wọ́n pọ̀ jùlọ ní agbègbè àárín àti gúúsù orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>[http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?countryID=150 "Religious Demographic Profile: Nigeria"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421200729/http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?CountryID=150 |date=21 Oṣù Kẹrin 2010}}. The [[Pew Forum]], 2010.. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100421200729/http://pewforum.org/world-affairs/countries/?CountryID=150 Copied archive from original], (archive dated 21 Oṣù Kẹrin 2010).</ref>
Nítorí àti yẹra fún aáwọ̀ òṣèlú, wọ́n yọ ìbéèrè nípa ẹ̀sìn kúrò nínú [[census|kíka orí]] tí ó wáyé ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2006.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2006/IntheNewsTheNigerianCensus.aspx In the News: The Nigerian Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715020503/http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2006/IntheNewsTheNigerianCensus.aspx |date=15 Oṣù Keje 2014}}, Robert Lalasz. (Oṣù Kẹrin 2006)</ref><ref>[http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2006/01/nigeria-2006-census.html The Nigeria 2006 Census.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812201527/http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2006/01/nigeria-2006-census.html |date=12 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2014}} Ọjọ́bọ̀, 5 Oṣù Kínní 2006.</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
{{main|Timeline of the Boko Haram insurgency}}
=== Ìrúdedò Boko Haram ti ọdún 2009 ===
{{Main|2009 Boko Haram uprising}}
Boko Haram ṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní ìrọ̀rùn fún ọdún méje àkọ́kọ́ tí ó dá sílẹ̀.<ref name="CTC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-rise-of-boko-haram-in-nigeria|title=The Rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria|author=Cook, David|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011|publisher=Combating Terrorism Centre|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224112/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-rise-of-boko-haram-in-nigeria|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìyẹn yípadà ní ọdún 2009 nígbà tí ìjọba Nàìjíríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìwádìí lórí àwọn iṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn àwọn ìròyìn pé àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ náà ń ko ohun ìjà jọ.<ref name="Nigeria accused of ignoring sect warnings before wave of killings">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/02/nigeria-boko-haram-islamist-sect|title=Nigeria accused of ignoring sect warnings before wave of killings|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2009|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2009|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201225423/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/aug/02/nigeria-boko-haram-islamist-sect|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kí èyí tó wáyé, ìròyìn sọ pé ìjọba kọ etí ikún sí ìkìlọ̀ nípa bí ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣe ń le koko sí i, pẹ̀lú ìkìlọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹnìkan tó jẹ́ ọ̀gá ológun.<ref name="Nigeria accused of ignoring sect warnings before wave of killings"/>
[[2009 Boko Haram uprising|Ìrúdedò]] àkọ́kọ́ ti Boko Haram kùnà, ìjọba Nàìjíríà sì pa olórí wọn [[Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)|Mohammed Yusuf]].<ref name="ju"/> Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà ní ọdún 2002, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kọ ètò ẹ̀kọ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn (western education) pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn rẹ̀.<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà mú un ní ilé àwọn àna rẹ̀, wọ́n sì fà á lé àwọn ọlọ́pàá Nàìjíríà lọ́wọ́.<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Ó fi ìyàwó mẹ́rin àti ọmọ méjìlá sílẹ̀, ọ̀kan nínú wọn ni Abu Musab al-Barnawi ẹni tí ó fẹ́ láti darí ẹgbẹ́ náà ní ọdún 2016.<ref name="m.guardian.ng" /> Nípa báyìí, ẹgbẹ́ náà pín sí oríṣiríṣi, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀tẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kọmándà ọlọ̀tẹ̀ [[Abubakar Shekau]] ṣàṣeyọrí láti jẹ́ olórí láàrin àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dojúkọ ìpèníjà láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn abẹ́nú ẹgbẹ́, bíi ẹgbẹ́ [[Salafi jihadism|Salafist]] ti Abu Usmatul al-Ansari ati ẹgbẹ́ [[Ansaru]], Shekau di olórí ''de facto'' fún ìjàngbara náà, ó sì dènà kí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram yòókù má bá aigbógun ti ara wọn, dípò èyí, ó darí wọn láti gbógun ti ìjọba Nàìjíríà.<ref name="in"/> Pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jihadist mìíràn bíi [[al-Qaeda]] àti [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]], ọgbọ́n ìjà Shekau kún fún ìwà ìkà àti fífàjúro sí [[civilian|àwọn ará ìlú]].<ref name="m.guardian.ng" />
Nígbà tí ìjọba bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́, wọ́n mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ náà ní [[Bauchi (city)|Bauchi]], èyí fa ìjà líle pẹ̀lú àwọn agbófinró Nàìjíríà ní Bauchi, [[Maiduguri]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, [[Potiskum]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe àti [[Wudil]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kano – èyí tí ó yọrí sí ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó tó 700. Nígbà ìjà pẹ̀lú àwọn agbófinró, ìròyìn sọ pé àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram lo "alùpùpù tí wọ́n di epo mọ́" àti "ọfà olóró" láti kọ lu àgọ́ ọlọ́pàá.<ref name="Nossiter"/> Olùdásílẹ̀ tí ó tún jẹ́ olórí ẹgbẹ́ náà Mohammed Yusuf náà kú ní àkókò yìí nígbà tí ó wà ní àtìmọ́lé ọlọ́pàá.<ref name="Nigerian Islamist attacks spread">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8169966.stm|title=Nigerian Islamist attacks spread|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320225713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8169966.stm|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Over 100 dead in Nigerian clashes">{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0727/nigeria.html|title=Over 100 dead in Nigerian clashes|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|publisher=[[RTÉ]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730205254/http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0727/nigeria.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/02/20102102505798741.html|title=Nigeria killings caught on video|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930144346/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/02/20102102505798741.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn pipa Yusuf, [[Abubakar Shekau]] di olórí, ó sì wà nípò yìí ní Oṣù Kínní 2015.<ref name=Batolotta>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2011/09/19/terrorism-nigeria-rise-boko-haram|title=Terrorism in Nigeria: the Rise of Boko Haram|last=Bartolotta|first=Christopher|date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011|publisher=The World Policy Institute|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127082945/http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2011/09/19/terrorism-nigeria-rise-boko-haram|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Ìpadàbọ̀sípò ti ọdún 2010 ===
Ní nǹkan bí oṣù mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn pipa Yusuf, ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣe ikọlù àwọn apániláyà àkọ́kọ́ ní Borno ní Oṣù Kínní, tí ó pa ènìyàn mẹ́rin.<ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/16402-boko-haram-strikes-again-in-borno-kills-4 Boko Haram strikes again in Borno, kills 4] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062201/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/16402-boko-haram-strikes-again-in-borno-kills-4 |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012}}. Nigerian Tribune, Thursday, Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062201/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/16402-boko-haram-strikes-again-in-borno-kills-4 Archived from the original].</ref> Láàrin àwọn ọdún díẹ̀ tó tẹ̀le, ìwà ipá náà pọ̀ sí i ní ti iye ìgbà tí ó ń wáyé àti bí ó ṣe le tó. Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, [[Bauchi prison break|fífọ́ ẹ̀wọ̀n]] ní Bauchi tú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram tó ju 700 sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó tún fún wọn ní agbára sí i. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram [[2010 Jos and Maiduguri attacks|lo bọ́ǹbù mẹ́rin láti pa ènìyàn 32 ní Jos]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau. Ní ọjọ́ kan náà, wọ́n pa ènìyàn mẹ́fà nínú ikọlù sí àwọn ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ní Maiduguri.
=== 2011 ===
Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún, wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n búra fún [[Goodluck Jonathan]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[President of Nigeria|ààrẹ]], [[May 2011 Nigeria bombings|àwọn àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù tí wọ́n sọ pé Boko Haram ló ṣe é]] pa ènìyàn 15, ó sì ṣe ènìyàn 55 léṣe. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹfà, Boko Haram sọ pé àwọn ló ṣe [[2011 Abuja police headquarters bombing|àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù ní olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ ọlọ́pàá Abuja]], èyí tí ó jẹ́ [[suicide attack|ikọlù agbẹ́míra]] àkọ́kọ́ tó wáyé ní Nàìjíríà. Oṣù méjì lẹ́yìn náà [[2011 Abuja United Nations bombing|wọ́n fi bọ́ǹbù sọ ilé United Nations ní Abuja]], èyí tí ó fi hàn pé ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nìyí tí Boko Haram yóò kọ lu àjọ àgbáyé. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kọkànlá, ó ṣe [[November 2011 Nigeria attacks|ikọlù ní Damaturu]] ní Yobe àti ní Maiduguri, tí ó pa ènìyàn tó ju ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ, àti ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún àti kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejìlá [[December 2011 Nigeria clashes|wọ́n bá àwọn agbófinró jà]], èyí tí ó yọrí sí ikú ènìyàn tó tó 68. Ní [[Christmas 2011 Nigeria attacks|ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram kọ lu]] ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì pẹ̀lú bọ́ǹbù àti ìbọn.
Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹfà sàmì sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbésẹ̀ ológun tí Ìjọba Àpapọ̀ fọwọ́ sí láti dènà ewu rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram tí ó ń pọ̀ sí i. Pẹ̀lú 21 Armoured Brigade (21 Bde) ti [[Nigerian Army|Ológun Ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà]] gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ọ̀kan-ò-jọ̀kan, Joint Task Force Operation Restore Order (JTF ORO 1) sàmì sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo [[counter-insurgency|gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] (COIN) tí ó gba àkókò pípẹ́ láti ọwọ́ àwọn ológun sí Boko Haram. Ìpolongo náà ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpele kọjá, ó sì ti gbòòrò sí i ní ti ìwọ̀n, agbára, àwọn ẹ̀ka àti àwọn olùkópa, láti ìgbà náà.<ref>Omeni, Akali. 2017. Counter-insurgency in Nigeria: The Military and Operations against Boko Haram, 2011–17. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge</ref> Àwọn àbájáde rẹ̀, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, máa ń yàtọ̀ síra nígbà mìíràn, wọ́n sì ti ṣàríwísí àwọn ológun pé wọ́n máa ń lo agbára jù nínú COIN wọn.{{citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá 2021}}
=== 2012 ===
Ní Oṣù Kínní ní Nàìjíríà, Boko Haram [[January 2012 Northern Nigeria attacks|kọ lu]] [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]], [[Yola, Adamawa|Yola]] àti [[Gombi]] – gbogbo wọn wà ní [[Adamawa State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Adamawa]] – ní àfikún sí Maiduguri àti [[Kano (city)|Kano]]. Ní oṣù kan náà, [[Abubakar Shekau]], ẹni tí ó jẹ́ igbákejì Yusuf tẹ́lẹ̀, fara hàn nínú fídíò kan tí wọ́n gbé sí [[YouTube]]. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Reuters]] ṣe sọ, Shekau gba ìdarí ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn ikú Yusuf ní ọdún 2009.<ref name='reuters20120112'>{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Brock |title=Nigeria sect leader defends killings in video |date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |publisher=Thomson Reuters |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80B01D20120112 |work=Reuters Africa |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013122/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80B01D20120112 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archivedate=15 January 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115045448/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE80B01D20120112 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Àwọn aláṣẹ ti kọ́kọ́ gba gbọ́ pé Shekau kú nígbà ìrúdedò ọdún 2009.<ref name='france24-20120113'>{{cite news |first=Leela |last=Jacinto |title=The Boko Haram terror chief who came back from the dead |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120111-terror-chief-boko-haram-imam-shekau-youtube-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan-al-qaeda-oil |work=France 24 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112060453/http://www.france24.com/en/20120111-terror-chief-boko-haram-imam-shekau-youtube-nigeria-goodluck-jonathan-al-qaeda-oil |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2012, ẹgbẹ́ náà wà nídìí ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó ju 900 lọ.<ref name="nytpopular">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/africa/in-northern-nigeria-boko-haram-stirs-fear-and-sympathy.html |title=In Nigeria, a Deadly Group's Rage Has Local Roots |author=Adam Nossiter |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2012 |access-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214182541/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/africa/in-northern-nigeria-boko-haram-stirs-fear-and-sympathy.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta, ẹgbẹ́ kékeré kan ti [[Nigerian Navy|Special Boat Service]] àti Ológun Nàìjíríà [[Sokoto hostage rescue attempt|gbìyànjú láti gba]] [[hostage|àwọn ògbèkùn]] méjì, ará Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì Chris McManus àti ará Itálíà Franco Lamolinara, tí wọ́n wà ní ìgbèkùn ní [[Sokoto (city)|Sokoto]], láti ọwọ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ apániláyà Boko Haram tí wọ́n jẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí [[al-Qaeda]]. Àwọn tí wọ́n jí wọn gbé pa àwọn ògbèkùn méjèèjì kí wọ́n tó gba wọn tàbí nígbà tí wọ́n fẹ́ gba wọn. Ìròyìn sọ pé gbogbo àwọn tí wọ́n jí ènìyàn gbé náà ló kú.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watt |first1=Nicholas |last2=Norton-Taylor |first2=Richard |last3=Vogt |first3=Andrea |date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012 |title=British and Italian hostages killed in Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/mar/08/british-italian-hostages-killed-nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911040840/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/mar/08/british-italian-hostages-killed-nigeria |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹrin, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 38 [[April 2012 Kaduna bombings|ló kú]] láti ọwọ́ afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra nínú ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ní [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà, nǹkan bí 40 ẹlẹ́wọ̀n ló sálọ nígbà fífọ́ ẹ̀wọ̀n kan ní Damaturu. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹfà, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 12 [[June 2012 Kaduna church bombings|ló kú]] láti ọwọ́ bọ́ǹbù mẹ́ta tí wọ́n sọ sí àwọn ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ní [[Kaduna State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna]]. Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹjọ, ènìyàn 19 [[Deeper Life Bible Church shooting|ló kú]] nínú ìyinbọn púpọ̀ ní [[Kogi State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kogi]]. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní sí kejì Oṣù Kọkànlá, ó kéré jù ọkùnrin 25 [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi attack|ló kú]] ní [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi]]. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, ènìyàn mẹ́fà [[December 2012 shootings in Northern Nigeria|ló kú]] ní Potiskum àti mẹ́fà mìíràn ní Maiduguri. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, ènìyàn mẹ́ẹ̀dógún kú ní abúlé kan ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà.
=== 2013 ===
==== Ìkọlù láti ọwọ́ Ìjọba ====
{{Expand section|date=Oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2013}}
Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn ọmọ ogun ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣe ìkọlù ní agbègbè Borno ní ìgbìyànjú láti lé àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram kúrò lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n kéde [[state of emergency|ìgbésẹ̀ pàjáwìrì]] ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Karùn-ún. Ìgbésẹ̀ pàjáwìrì náà – èyí tí ó ṣì wà ní lílò ní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 – wà fún àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, Yobe, àti Adamawa ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/2013531142139248993.html |work=Al Jazeera |title=Civilians among dead in Nigeria offensive |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601132944/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/05/2013531142139248993.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ìkọlù náà kọ́kọ́ késsèjárí, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram tún padà ní agbára.
==== Àwọn ikọlù ====
Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejì, àwọn agbébọn pa ó kéré jù [[polio vaccine|àwọn tí ń funni ní àjẹsára rọmọlápá-rọmọlẹ́sẹ̀]] mẹ́sàn-án ní Kano.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-02-08|title=Nigeria polio vaccinators shot dead in Kano|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21381773|access-date=2021-08-13}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹta, afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra nínú ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ [[vehicle-ramming attack|fi ọkọ̀ kọ]] [[2013 Kano bus bombing|bọ́ọ̀sì kan ní Kano]], ó pa ènìyàn tó ju 20 lọ. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún àti kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹrin, [[2013 Baga massacre|ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú ló kú]] lákòókò ogun ní [[Baga, Borno|Baga]], Borno, láàrin Boko Haram àti Ológun Nàìjíríà. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje, Boko Haram [[Yobe State school shooting|pa àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 42 ní Yobe]],<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|title=Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html|first=Damien|last=McElroy|date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709013656/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> èyí sì mú kí sáà ilé-ìwé wá sí òpin lójijì ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹjọ, Boko Haram ṣe ikọlù sí Bama àti Malam Fatori, èyí tí ó fi òkú 35 sílẹ̀.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-bokoharam-idUSL6N0G620B20130805 Clashes between Nigerian army, Boko Haram kill 35] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924183603/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/05/nigeria-bokoharam-idUSL6N0G620B20130805 |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2015}}. Reuters. Retrieved on Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2013.</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹjọ, Boko Haram [[Konduga mosque shooting|pa ènìyàn 44]] nínú [[mass shooting|ìyinbọn púpọ̀]] ní [[mosque|mọ́ṣáláṣí]] kan ní [[Konduga]], Borno.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23676872|title=Nigeria unrest: 'Boko Haram' gunmen kill 44 at mosque|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2013|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹwàá, Ológun Nàìjíríà ṣẹ́gun Boko Haram ní [[Battle of Damboa|ogun kan]] ní [[Damboa]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kọkànlá ní Borno, àwọn agbébọn kọ lu àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń padàbọ̀ láti ibi ìgbéyàwó, wọ́n pa ènìyàn tó ju 30 lọ.
=== 2014 ===
==== Ìjígbé ní Chibok àti ọ̀tẹ̀ ====
Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn apániláyà Boko Haram [[Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping|jí àwọn ọmọbìnrin akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 276 gbé]] láti [[secondary school|ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì]] ní [[Chibok]] ní Borno.<ref>Maclean, Ruth (3 May 2014) [https://www.thetimes.com/article/nigerian-school-says-329-girl-pupils-missing-ssl6jkmcclw Nigerian school says 329 girl pupils missing] The Times, (the online version may need a subscription), Retrieved Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014</ref> Wọ́n sọ pé Boko Haram ló wà nídìí ìjígbé náà.<ref>{{cite web|title=Boko Haram Militants abduct 100+ Teenage Girls in Nigeria|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/boko-haram-militants-abduct-100-teenage-girls-in-nigeria/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416040030/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/boko-haram-militants-abduct-100-teenage-girls-in-nigeria/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìròyìn sọ pé ẹgbẹ́ náà ti kó àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà lọ sí orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò Cameroon àti Chad níbi tí wọ́n ti fẹ́ [[human trafficking|tà wọ́n sí oko]] ní iye tí kò tó [[United States dollar|dọ́là]] kan fún ẹnì kọ̀ọ̀kan. Wọ́n tún ròyìn ìjígbé àwọn ọmọbìnrin mẹ́jọ mìíràn lẹ́yìn náà. Àwọn ìjígbé wọ̀nyí fa ìfẹ̀hónúhàn láàrin ìlú, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùfẹ̀hónúhàn tó gbé pátákó tí wọ́n kọ àkọlé [[Twitter]] #BringBackOurGirls sí, èyí tí ó gba àfiyèsí àgbáyé.<ref>Collins, Matt (9 May 2014) [https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media #BringBackOurGirls: the power of a social media campaign] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115034018/https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2016}} The Guardian, Retrieved Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' ròyìn pé [[Royal Air Force]] ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ṣe [[Operation Turus]] ní Nàìjíríà ní Oṣù Kẹrin láti fèsì sí ìjígbé Chibok. Orísun kan tí ó kópa nínú iṣẹ́ náà sọ fún ''The Observer'' pé "Wọ́n rí àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà ní àwọn ọ̀sẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ tí RAF bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́", àti pé "A [RAF] fẹ́ láti lọ gba wọn sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìjọba Nàìjíríà kọ̀", èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé wọ́n ka ìgbésẹ̀ èyíkéyìí sí "ọ̀rọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè", àti pé kí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ọ̀tẹlẹ̀múyẹ́ àti ti ààbò Nàìjíríà yanjú rẹ̀, orísun náà fi kún un pé wọ́n fi ọkọ̀ òfuurufú tọpinpin àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà bí wọ́n ṣe pín wọn sí àwùjọ kékeré ní àwọn oṣù tó tẹ̀le e.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls|title=Nigeria rejected British offer to rescue seized Chibok schoolgirls|work=the Guardian|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330190503/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe ìlérí àtìlẹ́yìn fún ìjọba Nàìjíríà láti ran àwọn ológun wọn lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú [[intelligence gathering|kíkó àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ àṣírí jọ]] lórí ibi tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin náà wà àti àwọn ibùdó iṣẹ́ Boko Haram.
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá sí kẹrinlá Oṣù Karùn-ún, Boko Haram [[Chibok ambush|dènà]] àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n ń wá àwọn ọmọbìnrin tí wọ́n jí gbé náà.
==== Àwọn bọ́ǹbù Jos ====
Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún, bọ́ǹbù méjì ní ìlú [[Jos]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau, Nàìjíríà, [[2014 Jos bombings|bú]], ó sì pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 118 ó sì ṣe ènìyàn tó ju 56 mìíràn léṣe. Àwọn bọ́ǹbù náà bú láàrin ìṣẹ́jú 30 sí ara wọn, ọ̀kan ní ọjà ìbílẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí aago mẹ́ta ọ̀sán (3:00) àti èkejì ní ibi ìgbọ́kọ̀sí lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ ilé-ìwòsàn kan ní nǹkan bí aago mẹ́ta ààbọ̀ (3:30), níbi tí àwọn olùgbàlà tí wọ́n ń fèsì sí ìjàmbá àkọ́kọ́ ti kú.<ref name="Fox">{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/2-explosions-kill-at-least-118-in-central-nigeria-city |title=2 explosions hit bus station in central Nigeria city |work=Fox News |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520192242/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/05/20/2-explosions-hit-bus-station-in-central-nigeria-city/ |archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ẹgbẹ́ tàbí ẹnìkan tó sọ pé òun ló ṣe é, wọ́n sọ pé Boko Haram ló wà nídìí rẹ̀.<ref name="BBC21">{{cite web|title=Nigeria violence: 'Boko Haram' kill 27 in village attacks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|work=BBC|date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521103609/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Àwọn [[First responder|olùgbàlà àkọ́kọ́]] kò lè dé ibi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, nítorí "ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn ń sá kúrò níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà sí òdìkejì". Wọ́n gbé àwọn bọ́ǹbù náà síbẹ̀ láti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn bó bá ṣe lè ṣeéṣe tó, láì wo ti ẹ̀sìn, èyí tí ó yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ikọlù ti tẹ́lẹ̀ níbi tí wọ́n tí máa ń kọ lu àwọn tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí. Ìròyìn sọ pé àwọn afibọ́ǹbù náà lo ọgbọ́n "bíbú tẹ̀lera-ẹni", níbi tí bọ́ǹbù àkọ́kọ́ yóò bú ní ibi àárín gbùngbùn, àti pé òmíràn yóò bú ní àkókò díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà pẹ̀lú èrò láti pa àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti gba àwọn tí wọ́n fara pa là.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSBREA4J0QL20140520 |title=Bombings kill at least 118 in Nigerian city of Jos |work=Reuters |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |author1=Jonah, Adamu |author2=Igboeroteonwu, Anamesere |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520232627/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/20/us-nigeria-violence-idUSBREA4J0QL20140520 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==== Àwọn bọ́ǹbù Maiduguri ====
Ní ọdún 2014, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram pọ̀si àwọn ikọlù wọn sí àwọn ìlú ńlá àti kékeré ní àríwá Nàìjíríà wọ́n sì gba apá kan àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àwọn ikọlù wọ̀nyí pẹ̀lú bọ́ǹbù ní Maiduguri ní [[January 2014 Maiduguri bombing|Oṣù Kínní]], [[July 2014 Maiduguri bombing|Oṣù Keje]] àti Oṣù Kọkànlá.{{Citation needed|date=Oṣù Kejìlá 2023}}
==== Ìjà tó ń le sí i ====
{{Expand section|date=Oṣù Kẹta 2015}}
[[File:Attentat Nyanya VOA2.jpg|thumb|Àwọn olùfaragbá bọ́ǹbù Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2014]]
Bí rògbòdìyàn náà ṣe ń le sí i mú kí ìjọba Nàìjíríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ikọlù, àti pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ Chad, Niger, àti Cameroon, wọ́n gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè tí Boko Haram ti ń darí tẹ́lẹ̀ padà.<ref name="BBC_launch">{{cite news|title=Boko Haram conflict: Nigerian allies launch offensive|date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31789412|access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424213237/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31789412|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31799172|title=Boko Haram conflict: Nigerian allies 'retake Damasak'|date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|work=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223022011/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31799172|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ní ìparí ọdún 2014, Boko Haram gba ìdarí [[Bama, Borno|Bama]], Borno, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùgbé ìlú náà ṣe sọ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29021037|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram 'seize' Bama town in Borno|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222063732/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29021037|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018|url-status=live|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2014}}</ref> Ní Oṣù Kejìlá, ìròyìn sọ pé "àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n ti dàgbà jù láti sá kúrò ní Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Gwoza ni wọ́n kó jọ, tí wọ́n sì mú wọn lọ sí ilé-ìwé méjì níbi tí àwọn jagunjagun náà ti yìnbọn lù wọ́n." Ó ju àwọn àgbàlagbà 50 lọ tí wọ́n pa ní Bama.<ref>
{{cite news
| title=Nigeria: Boko Haram Kills More Than 50 Elderly People
| work=This Day -- allAfrica.com
| access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015
| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412222101.html
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103110443/http://allafrica.com/stories/201412222101.html
| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015
| url-status=live
| df=dmy-all
}}
</ref> Wọ́n gbé fídíò "eléjẹ̀" kan jáde tí ó fi àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà hàn tí wọ́n ń yìnbọn lu ènìyàn tó ju ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ ní ibùgbé ilé-ìwé ní ìlú Bama.<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Kareem Haruna
| title=Nigeria: New Video Shows Boko Haram Shooting Civilians at School Dormitory
| work=Leadership (Abuja) - allAfrica.com
| access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015
| date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014
| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412220231.html
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609031156/http://allafrica.com/stories/201412220231.html
| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2015
| url-status=live
| df=dmy-all
}}
</ref>
=== 2015 ===
==== Ìpakúpa Baga ====
Láàrin ọjọ́ kẹta sí keje Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram kọ lu ìlú [[Baga, Nigeria|Baga]] wọ́n sì [[2015 Baga massacre|pa ènìyàn tó tó 2,000]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigeria's ignored massacre: 2,000 slaughtered by Boko Haram, 30,000 flee their homes – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerias-ignored-massacre-2000-slaughtered-by-boko-haram-30000-flee-their-homes-30900028.html|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113064511/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerias-ignored-massacre-2000-slaughtered-by-boko-haram-30000-flee-their-homes-30900028.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> èyí tí ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ [[2015 Baga massacre|ìpakúpa]] tí ó tóbi jùlọ láti ọwọ́ Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/nigeria-massacre-possibly-deadliest-boko-haram-s-history-2015-01-09-0|date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|title=Nigeria: Massacre possibly deadliest in Boko Haram's history|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216082048/http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/nigeria-massacre-possibly-deadliest-boko-haram-s-history-2015-01-09-0|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Bọ́ǹbù Maiduguri ====
Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní, ènìyàn 19 kú nínú [[January 2015 Maiduguri suicide bombing|àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra]] ní ọjà kan ní Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-11/bomb-strapped-to-girl-kills-19-in-nigeria-reports/6010694|title=Bomb strapped to girl 'about 10 years old' kills 19 in Nigeria|date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|newspaper=ABC News|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Ìlú náà wà ní àárín gbùngbùn rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nossiter|first1=Adam|title=In Nigeria, New Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Tactic: "It's a Little Girl"|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/world/africa/suicide-bomber-hits-maiduguri-nigeria-market.html?_r=0|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|work=The New York Times|date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134415/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/world/africa/suicide-bomber-hits-maiduguri-nigeria-market.html?_r=0|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram [[January 2015 raid on Kolofata|ṣe ikọlù tí kò késsèjárí]] sí [[Army base|ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun]] Cameroon kan.
==== Gbigbogun ti Boko Haram ====
[[File:Wilayat al Sudan al Gharbi.png|300px|thumb|right|Mápù tí ń fi ibi tí Boko Haram ń darí hàn ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹrin, ó ju oṣù méjì lọ lẹ́yìn tí [[2015 West African offensive|ìkọlù ti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]] bẹ̀rẹ̀]]
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kínní, àpapọ̀ àwọn ọmọ ogun láti Nàìjíríà, Chad, Cameroon, àti Niger bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[counter-insurgency|ìpolongo]] [[2015 West African offensive|gbigbogun ti]] Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigeria postpones elections, focuses on major offensive against Boko Haram|agency=AP|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2015/0207/Nigeria-postpones-elections-focuses-on-major-offensive-against-Boko-Haram-video|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503132755/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2015/0207/Nigeria-postpones-elections-focuses-on-major-offensive-against-Boko-Haram-video|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram ṣe ikọlù ńlá sí ìlú náà.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mark|first1=Monica|title=Nigerian City Under Attack from Suspected Boko Haram Militants|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/25/nigerian-city-maidugur-attack-boko-haram|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|work=The Guardian|date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125162438/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/25/nigerian-city-maidugur-attack-boko-haram|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, CNN ròyìn pé ikọlù Maiduguri láti ọwọ́ "ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn agbébọn" ni wọ́n ti dènà, ṣùgbọ́n ìlú [[Monguno]] tí ó wà nítòsí bọ́ sọ́wọ́ Boko Haram.<ref>
{{cite news
| author1=Faith Karimi
| author2=Aminu Abubakar
| name-list-style=amp
| title=Nigerian soldiers save one city from Boko Haram but a nearby one is seized
| work=CNN.com
| access-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015
| date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015
| url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/26/africa/nigeria-boko-haram/
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419125107/http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/26/africa/nigeria-boko-haram/
| archive-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015
| url-status=live
| df=dmy-all
}}
</ref> Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà sọ pé wọ́n dènà ikọlù mìíràn lórí Maiduguri ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní.<ref>
{{cite web
| title=Nigeria army 'repels' new Boko Haram attack on Maiduguri
| work=BBC News
| access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015
| date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015
| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31080368
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106002603/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31080368
| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2018
| url-status=live
| df=dmy-all
}}
</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì, [[Military of Chad|Ọmọ Ogun Chad]] pa àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram tó ju 200 lọ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/04/world/africa/ap-af-nigeria-violence.html|title=NYT|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204215315/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/04/world/africa/ap-af-nigeria-violence.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin àti karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì, Boko Haram ṣe [[Fotokol massacre|ìpakúpa ní Fotokol]], Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon, tí ó pa àwọn ará ìlú 81, sójà Chad 13 àti sójà Cameroon 6.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chadian jets bomb Nigerian town in anti-Boko Haram raid |publisher=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015 |date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015 |url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Chad-troops-killed-in-Boko-Haram-counter-attack-20150205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706174541/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Chad-troops-killed-in-Boko-Haram-counter-attack-20150205 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kejì, Boko Haram [[2015 Niger raid|kọ lu Bosso àti Diffa]] ní Niger. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kejì, [[February 2015 Nigeria bombings|àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra]] wáyé ní Damaturu. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì, ológun Nàìjíríà gba Monguno padà nínú ikọlù alájọṣe ti ojú òfuurufú àti ti ilẹ̀.<ref>{{cite web| title=African allies claim gains against Boko Haram| work=BBC News| access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015| date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2015| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31493150| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822184421/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31493150| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejì, àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra wáyé ní Potiskum. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì, àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra wáyé ní Potiskum àti Kano. Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹta, Àwọn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ṣẹ́gun Boko Haram nínú [[Battle of Konduga (2015)|Ogun Konduga]].
Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta, olórí Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau búra pé òun wà lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Islamic State]] (IS) nípasẹ̀ ìfiránṣẹ́ ohùn tí wọ́n gbé sórí àkọ̀nsì Twitter ti ẹgbẹ́ náà.<ref name="Boko Haram joins ISIL">{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/boko-haram-swears-formal-allegiance-to-isis/|title=Boko Haram swears formal allegiance to ISIS|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Fox News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120113635/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/03/08/boko-haram-swears-formal-allegiance-to-isis/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State|date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015|website=BBC news|publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728201255/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-31784538|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/03/boko-haram-pledges-allegiance-islamic-state/387235/ |title=The Islamic State of Boko Haram?: The terrorist group has pledged its allegiance to ISIS. But what does that really mean? |author=Adam Chandler |date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |publisher=The Atlantic |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105439/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/03/boko-haram-pledges-allegiance-islamic-state/387235/ |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Agbẹnusọ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà Sami Usman Kukasheka sọ pé ìbúra náà jẹ́ àmì àìlera àti pé Shekau dàbí "ẹni tó ń rì".<ref name="BBC_launch" /> Ní ọjọ́ kan náà, [[March 2015 Maiduguri suicide bombing|bíbú bọ́ǹbù agbẹ́míra márùn-ún]] fi òkú 54 àti àwọn tí ó fara pa 143 sílẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news| title=5 suicide bomb blasts rock Maiduguri city in northeast Nigeria, 54 dead, 143 wounded: official| agency=AP| access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e919a0bfeaed4701b65accfe7651789e/5-suicide-bomb-blasts-rock-maiduguri-city-northeast-nigeria| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308102727/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e919a0bfeaed4701b65accfe7651789e/5-suicide-bomb-blasts-rock-maiduguri-city-northeast-nigeria| archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| url-status=live| df=dmy-all| archivedate=8 March 2015| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308102727/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e919a0bfeaed4701b65accfe7651789e/5-suicide-bomb-blasts-rock-maiduguri-city-northeast-nigeria| deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta, agbẹnusọ ISIL [[Abu Mohammad al-Adnani]] gbé gbolohun kan jáde nínú èyí tí ó ti kí ìbúra náà káàbọ̀, tí ó sì ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìfẹ̀sí caliphate ẹgbẹ́ náà sí [[West Africa|Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà]].<ref name="BokoHaramIS">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/accepts-allegiance-nigeria-jihadists-boko-haram-201513146.html |title=IS welcomes Boko Haram allegiance: tape |publisher=AFP |date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313143309/http://news.yahoo.com/accepts-allegiance-nigeria-jihadists-boko-haram-201513146.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Lẹ́yìn ìkéde jíjẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí ISIL, Boko Haram ni wọ́n sọ di "Ẹ̀ka Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà" ti ẹgbẹ́ náà (Islamic State West Africa Province, tàbí ISWAP) nígbà tí wọ́n yan Shekau gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Vali (governor)|vali]] (gómìnà) àkọ́kọ́. Síwájú sí i, ISIL bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún Boko Haram, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní dá sí ọ̀rọ̀ abẹ́nú wọn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn olórí ISIL gbìyànjú láti dín ìwà ìkà Boko Haram sí àwọn ará ìlú àti àwọn alárìíwísí abẹ́nú kù, nítorí èrò Shekau "ti burú púpọ̀ fún Islamic State".<ref name="Province vs Shekau">{{cite web |url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/21467/the-islamic-state-west-africa-province-vs-abu |title=The Islamic State West Africa Province vs. Abu Bakr Shekau: Full Text, Translation and Analysis |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225425/http://www.aymennjawad.org/21467/the-islamic-state-west-africa-province-vs-abu |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2018 |url-status=live |author-link=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn olùgbé [[Damasak]], Borno, sọ pé Boko Haram ti kó àwọn obìnrin àti ọmọdé tí wọ́n ju 400 lọ láti inú ìlú náà bí wọ́n ṣe ń sá fún àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ tí wọ́n [[Battle of Damasak|gba agbègbè náà padà]] tí wọ́n sì [[Damasak massacre|rí]] [[mass grave|ibojì àpapọ̀]] àwọn tí Boko Haram pa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-violence-nigeria-kidnapping-idUSKBN0MK22Y20150324 |title=Boko Haram kidnapped hundreds in northern Nigeria town: residents |work=Reuters |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |author=Penney, Joe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325182816/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/24/us-violence-nigeria-kidnapping-idUSKBN0MK22Y20150324 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà gba [[Gwoza]], èyí tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ ibùdó olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ Boko Haram.<ref name=BBCGwoza>{{cite web| title=Boko Haram HQ Gwoza in Nigeria 'retaken'| work=BBC News| access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32087211| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107071319/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32087211| archive-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2018| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ìdìbò, Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn agbawèrè Boko Haram pa ènìyàn 41, pẹ̀lú aṣòfin kan, láti dẹ́rùbà ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn láti má dìbò.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/boko-haram-kills-41-as-millions-of-nigerians-vote-in-close-presidential-election/ |title=Boko Haram kills 41 as millions of Nigerians vote in close presidential election |agency=Associated Press |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |author1=Michelle Faul |author2=Haruna Umar |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329101718/http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/boko-haram-kills-41-as-millions-of-nigerians-vote-in-close-presidential-election-1.2301714 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Militaires nigériens sur le pont Doutchi.jpg|thumb|left|Àwọn sójà [[Niger Army|Ọmọ Ogun Niger]] lásìkò iṣẹ́ [[counter-insurgency|gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] sí Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kẹta]]
Ní Oṣù Kẹta, Boko Haram pàdánù ìdarí àwọn ìlú Borno ti [[Bama, Borno|Bama]]<ref name=BBCTide>Ewokor, Chris (21 March 2015) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31911641 Is the tide turning against Boko Haram?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124001427/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31911641 |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News, Africa, Retrieved Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015</ref> àti [[Gwoza]] (tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn)<ref name=BBCGwoza /> sí Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà. Àwọn aláṣẹ Nàìjíríà sọ pé àwọn ti gba 11 nínú àwọn agbègbè 14 tí Boko Haram ń darí tẹ́lẹ̀ padà.<ref name=BBCTide/> Ní Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kọ lu ibùdó Boko Haram mẹ́rin ní [[Sambisa Forest|Igbo Sambisa]] wọ́n sì tú àwọn obìnrin tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó 300 sílẹ̀.<ref>(29 April 2015) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32506942 Nigerian army 'rescues nearly 300' from Sambisa Forest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128103952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32506942 |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News, Africa, Retrieved Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015</ref> Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Boko Haram ti padà sẹ́yìn sí [[Mandara Mountains|Àwọn Òkè Mandara]], lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ [[Cameroon–Nigeria border|ààlà Cameroon àti Nàìjíríà]].<ref>(14 April 2015) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32292854 Nigeria's Chibok girls 'seen with Boko Haram in Gwoza'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201162032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32292854 |date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News, Africa, Retrieved Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta, Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà sọ pé òun ti gba Bama padà.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria military says Bama city recaptured from Boko Haram |author=Julia Payne |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0MC24I20150316 |access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005180309/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/16/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0MC24I20150316 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, ọjọ́ tí ó ṣáájú [[2015 Nigerian general election|ìdìbò ààrẹ Nàìjíríà]], [[Nigerian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà]] kéde pé òun ti gba ìlú Gwoza padà lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram.<ref name=BBCGwoza />
Nígbà tí ó fi di Oṣù Kẹrin, wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà ti gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè tí Boko Haram ń darí tẹ́lẹ̀ ní Àríwá Ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà, àyàfi [[Sambisa Forest|Igbo Sambisa]] ní Borno.<ref>{{cite web|last=Corones|first=Mike|date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/data-dive/2015/05/05/mapping-boko-harams-decline-in-nigeria/|title=Mapping Boko Haram's decline in Nigeria|publisher=Reuters|access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508011523/http://blogs.reuters.com/data-dive/2015/05/05/mapping-boko-harams-decline-in-nigeria/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà kéde pé àwọn ti tú nǹkan bí 700 obìnrin sílẹ̀ láti àwọn ibùdó ní Igbo Sambisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/nigeria-frees-children-women-boko-haram-150501221456077.html|title=Nigeria frees more children and women from Boko Haram|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|work=AlJazeera|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503043131/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/nigeria-frees-children-women-boko-haram-150501221456077.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Faul, Michelle (6 May 2015) [https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nigerian-troops-save-25-kids-women-boko-haram-30836807 Nigerian Troops Save 25 More Kids, Women From Boko Haram] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091109/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nigerian-troops-save-25-kids-women-boko-haram-30836807 |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015}} ABC News, Retrieved Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2015</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Keje, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì tí wọ́n wọ burqa pa ènìyàn 13 ní Fotokol. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, gómìnà Àríwá Jùlọ Cameroon [[burqa by country|fòfin de ìbòjú Islam]] àti [[burqa]].
Ní Oṣù Kẹjọ, wọ́n ròyìn pé ikú ènìyàn tó ju ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ ló ti wáyé láti ìgbà ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ìjọba tuntun.<ref>[http://www.thejonathanian.com/News/news/newsDetails/53_Over-1,059-persons-killed-in-75-major-attacks-by-Boko-Haram-since-Buhari%E2%80%99s-inauguration Over 1,059 persons killed in 75 major attacks by Boko Haram since Buhari's inauguration.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908195101/http://www.thejonathanian.com/News/news/newsDetails/53_Over-1,059-persons-killed-in-75-major-attacks-by-Boko-Haram-since-Buhari%E2%80%99s-inauguration |date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2015}} By Methuselah Brozz. Posted: Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2015 13:04 pm [[West Africa Time|WAT]].</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹwàá, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra [[Baga Sola bombings|kọ lu]] ọjà àti [[refugee camp|ibùdó àwọn olùwá-ibi-ìsádi]] ní Baga Sola, [[Lac (region)|Lac]], Chad.
Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá, wọ́n kéde pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ti gba ènìyàn 338 sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram nítòsí ibùdó agbára ẹgbẹ́ náà ní Igbo Sambisa. Nínú àwọn tí wọ́n gbà sílẹ̀ náà, 192 jẹ́ ọmọdé, 138 sì jẹ́ obìnrin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34656907|title=Boko Haram: Nigerian army rescues 338 captives|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015|access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223204626/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34656907|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní Oṣù Kejìlá, [[Muhammadu Buhari]], Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà, sọ pé Boko Haram ti "di ẹni tí a ṣẹ́gun ní pẹ́rẹ́u"<ref name="BBCDefeated">{{cite news|title=Nigeria Boko Haram: Militants 'technically defeated' – Buhari|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35173618|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224021517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35173618|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> wọ́n sì ròyìn pé wọ́n gba obìnrin 1,000 sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kínní 2016.<ref name="Suicide">{{cite news|last1=Searcey|first1=Dionne|title=Nigeria Vexed by Boko Haram's Use of Women as Suicide Bombers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/africa/nigeria-vexed-by-boko-harams-use-of-women-as-suicide-bombers.html?_r=0|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|work=The New York Times|date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216074647/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/africa/nigeria-vexed-by-boko-harams-use-of-women-as-suicide-bombers.html?_r=0|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lamb">{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=Christina|title=A fight for the soul of the world|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article1680538.ece|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|work=Sunday Times|date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402031802/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article1680538.ece|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2016|url-status=dead|archivedate=2 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402031802/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/magazine/article1680538.ece|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra mẹ́rin [[December 2015 Chad suicide bombings|kọ lu ọjà kan]] ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ Chad ti Lake Chad. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra pa ènìyàn tó ju 55 lọ ní [[Madagali]] ní Adamawa àti Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news|date=2015-12-28|title=Nigeria suicide bombers attack Maiduguri and Madagali|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35189041|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Abubakar|first1=Aminu|last2=Duggan|first2=Briana|date=2015-12-29|title=Boko Haram attacks in Nigeria kill 52|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/africa/nigeria-maiduguri-boko-haram/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2021|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228225357/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/28/africa/nigeria-maiduguri-boko-haram/index.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2015}}</ref>
==== Àtìlẹ́yìn ológun ti Amẹ́ríkà ====
Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹwàá 2015, [[United States military|àwọn ológun United States]] rán ọmọ ogun 300 lọ sí Cameroon, pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sí [[Cameroonian government|ìjọba Cameroon]], pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ pàtàkì láti pèsè [[United States Intelligence Community|àtìlẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ ọ̀tẹlẹ̀múyẹ́]] fún àwọn ọmọ ogun ìbílẹ̀ àti ṣíṣe àwọn ìrìn-àjò òfuurufú fún [[reconnaissance|ṣíṣe amí]].<ref name="US1"/><ref name="US2"/>
Àwọn ọmọ ogun náà tún bojúto ètò kan láti gbé àwọn ọkọ̀ ogun ti Amẹ́ríkà fún [[Cameroonian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Cameroon]] láti ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ nínú ogun wọn lòdì sí àwọn jagunjagun Islamist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/land/vehicles/2015/10/20/us-sending-troops-vehicles-to-cameroon-to-combat-boko-haram/74265026/ |title=US Sending Troops, Vehicles To Cameroon To Combat Boko Haram |publisher=Defensenews.com |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2015}}</ref>
Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún 2016, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ U.S. kópa nínú àwọn iṣẹ́ [[unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] láti [[Garoua]], Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon, láti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ pípèsè ọ̀rọ̀ àṣírí ní agbègbè náà láti ran àwọn ọmọ ogun ìbílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́. Àwọn iṣẹ́ drone mìíràn tún wà tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti Niger.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/11/politics/special-ops-small-wars-isis-al-qaeda/|title=U.S. special forces wage secretive 'small wars' against terrorists|publisher=CNN|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2016|access-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024002705/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/11/politics/special-ops-small-wars-isis-al-qaeda/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn sójà Ọmọ Ogun U.S. ní Cameroon tún ń pèsè ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ lórí ìmọ̀ nípa IED fún àwọn ọmọ ogun ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ti orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/2016/05/31/us-soldiers-help-african-armies-detect-and-defeat-ieds/84904640/|title=U.S. soldiers help African armies detect and defeat IEDs |work=Army times|date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2016}}</ref>
=== 2016 ===
[[File:CJTFMichika1.jpg|thumb|right|Àwọn jagunjagun [[Civilian Joint Task Force]] ti [[Michika]] ní ọdún 2016]]
==== Àwọn bọ́ǹbù Bodo ====
Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra Boko Haram mẹ́rin [[2016 Bodo bombings|pa ènìyàn tó ju 30 lọ ní Bodo]], Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cameroon-attacks-idUSKCN0V318T|title=Suicide bombers kill 32, wound dozens in northern Cameroon|first=Josiane|last=Kouagheu|newspaper=Reuters|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2016|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
==== Àwọn ikọlù Dalori, Dikwa àti Maiduguri ====
Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 86 [[2016 Dalori attack|ló kú]] láti ọwọ́ Boko Haram ní [[Dalori]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọbìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì [[Dikwa suicide bombings|pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 60]] ní ibùdó [[internally displaced person|àwọn tí ogun lé kúrò nílé]] ní [[Dikwa]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì [[March 2016 Maiduguri bombings|pa ènìyàn 22]] ní ẹ̀yìn odi Maiduguri.
==== Ìjà abẹ́nú Boko Haram-IS àti pípàdánù agbègbè ====
Ní Oṣù Kẹta, ìròyìn sọ pé Boko Haram ti lo àwọn erékùṣù ní [[Lake Chad]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibùdó.<ref name="Chad">{{cite news|title=Boko Haram militants 'took my children' in Chad|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35882396|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|publisher=BBC News Africa|date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327055815/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35882396|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí agbára Boko Haram ṣe ń dín kù, wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣàríwísí ìdarí Shekau láàrin Boko Haram àti olú-àṣẹ ISIL. Àwọn wọ̀nyí gbìyànjú ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà láti yí Shekau lérò padà kí ó yí ọgbọ́n ìjà rẹ̀ tàbí àwọn èrò rẹ̀ tí ó ti pọ̀jù padà (bíi kíkà gbogbo ènìyàn sí òbìlẹ̀jẹ́ tí kò bá ti dúró gbọn-in pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ ní gbangba, títí kan gbogbo Mùsùlùmí). Shekau kọ̀ jálẹ̀, ó sì ṣàìgbọràn sí "[[Caliph]]" ISIL [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] ní gbangba lórí àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ oríṣiríṣi. ISIL àti àwọn apá kan nínú Boko Haram parí èrò sí pé kò ṣe é faradà mọ́, nígbà tí wọ́n yọ Shekau kúrò ní ipò rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí vali ti Ẹ̀ka Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ISIL ní Oṣù Kẹjọ. [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], ọmọ olùdásílẹ̀ Boko Haram Mohammed Yusuf ni wọ́n yàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí arọ́pò rẹ̀. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí yọrí sí ìpínyà ní gbangba láàrin àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Nàìjíríà náà. Shekau kọ̀ láti gba yíyọ tí wọ́n yọ ọ́, ó kó ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn jọ, ó sì fi agbára lòdì sí Barnawi àti olú-àṣẹ ISIL. Barnawi àti àwọn tí wọ́n jẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí i náà kéde ẹgbẹ́ Shekau gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''[[Khawarij]]''.<ref name="Province vs Shekau"/> Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ méjèèjì di àjọ tó dá dúró, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn Shekau tí wọ́n tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní lo orúkọ wọn àtijọ́ "Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād" (àwọn òde ń pe ẹgbẹ́ yìí ní "Boko Haram"), nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ ogun Barnawi ń bá iṣẹ́ lọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Islamic State's West Africa Province" (ISWAP). Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì sábà máa ń kórìíra ara wọn, wọ́n sì ń bá ara wọn jà, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó ṣeéṣe kí wọ́n fọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan lòdì sí àwọn ọ̀tá wọn àpapọ̀.<ref name="offemsive jan 2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/01/thousands-flee-islamic-state-west-africa-offensive-in-northeast-nigeria.php |title=Thousands flee Islamic State West Africa offensive in northeast Nigeria |author1=Thomas Joscelyn |author2=Caleb Weiss |work=Long War Journal |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2019 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231528/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/01/thousands-flee-islamic-state-west-africa-offensive-in-northeast-nigeria.php |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ, Major General Lucky Irabor sọ pé àwọn abúlé àti ìlú díẹ̀ péré lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Lake Chad àti ní Sambisa Forest ni àwọn jagunjagun náà ṣì ń darí. Ó tún sọ pé àwọn ológun ń retí láti gba àwọn ibùdó agbára tó kù lọ́wọ́ ẹgbẹ́ náà láàrin ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian Army Commander: Only Weeks Left for Boko Haram|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2016/09/article55357543/nigerian-army-commander-weeks-left-boko-haram|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016|publisher=Asharq al-Awsat|date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901194717/http://english.aawsat.com/2016/09/article55357543/nigerian-army-commander-weeks-left-boko-haram|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá, Ààrẹ Muhammadu Buhari sọ pé wọ́n ti lé Boko Haram kúrò ní ibùdó agbára wọn tó kẹyìn ní Sambisa Forest, èyí tí ó sọ Boko Haram di ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ lásán.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram 'ousted from Sambisa forest bastion'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38427462|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702122435/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38427462|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Keje ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram 'crushed' by Nigerian army in final forest stronghold|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/boko-haram-nigerian-army-sambisa-forest-a7494176.html|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|work=The Independent|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226171054/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/boko-haram-nigerian-army-sambisa-forest-a7494176.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="last Boko Haram base taken">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/buhari-boko-haram-base-retaken-sambisa-forest-161224125809113.html|title=Buhari: Last Boko Haram base taken in Sambisa Forest|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503041045/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/buhari-boko-haram-base-retaken-sambisa-forest-161224125809113.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìṣẹ́gun yìí fi Boko Haram sílẹ̀ láìní agbègbè kankan lọ́wọ́; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, Boko Haram ṣì ní agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe àwọn ikọlù.<ref name="not yet over">{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/columns/573818/boko-haram-war-not-yet-over|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224105023/http://leadership.ng/columns/573818/boko-haram-war-not-yet-over|url-status=dead|title=Boko Haram War Not Yet Over|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2021}}</ref>
=== 2017 ===
[[File:RéfugiésMaiduguri2016C.jpg|thumb|left|Àwọn tí ogun lé kúrò nílé ní Maiduguri]]
Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kínní, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram kọ lu ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní Yobe, wọ́n pa sójà márùn-ún. Ní ìdáhùn sí èyí, Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ṣe ikọlù ẹ̀san wọ́n sì pa jagunjagun 15.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Ananya|title=5 Nigerian soldiers, 15 attackers killed in Boko Haram attack on army base in Yobe state|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/5-nigerian-soldiers-15-attackers-killed-boko-haram-attack-army-base-yobe-state-1599978|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|work=International Business Times UK|date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110085929/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/5-nigerian-soldiers-15-attackers-killed-boko-haram-attack-army-base-yobe-state-1599978|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní, ọkọ̀ òfuurufú [[Nigerian Air Force|Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà]] [[2017 Nigerian refugee camp bombing|fi àṣìṣe sọ bọ́ǹbù]] sí [[IDP camp|ibùdó IDP]] tí ó wà nítòsí ààlà Cameroon ní [[Rann, Borno|Rann]], Borno, nítorí wọ́n rò pé ibùdó Boko Haram ni.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Nigeria air strike error kills up to 100 in refugee camp|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38654991|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|work=BBC News|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117181234/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38654991|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CBC">{{cite news|title=Nigeria air force jet mistakenly bombs refugees, aid workers|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nigeria-refugee-camp-military-strike-1.3939242|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|work=CBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117174334/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nigeria-refugee-camp-military-strike-1.3939242|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wp">{{cite news|title=Nigerian military 'mistake' kills at least 50 in attack on safe-haven town|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-military-mistake-kills-at-least-50-in-strike-on-refugee-camp/2017/01/17/e5aade92-dcd9-11e6-918c-99ede3c8cafa_story.html|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117235525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-military-mistake-kills-at-least-50-in-strike-on-refugee-camp/2017/01/17/e5aade92-dcd9-11e6-918c-99ede3c8cafa_story.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Àṣìdá bọ́ǹbù náà fi òkú ènìyàn 115 sílẹ̀.<ref name="bbc 1/24">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38730741 |title=Nigeria air strike dead 'rises to 115' in Rann |publisher=BBC News Online |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124115343/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38730741 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹta, ó kéré jù ènìyàn mẹ́fà ló kú tí 16 sì fara pa nígbà tí àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra mẹ́rin [[March 2017 Maiduguri bombings|fún ara wọn ní bọ́ǹbù]] ní ẹ̀yìn odi ìlú Maiduguri.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/6-killed-in-nigeria-as-teenage-girls-detonate-explosives/2017/03/15/f7333404-0969-11e7-bd19-fd3afa0f7e2a_story.html|title=6 killed in Nigeria as teenage girls detonate explosives|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052114/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/6-killed-in-nigeria-as-teenage-girls-detonate-explosives/2017/03/15/f7333404-0969-11e7-bd19-fd3afa0f7e2a_story.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹta, [[State Security Service (Nigeria)|Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Ààbò Nàìjíríà]] (DSS) kéde pé àwọn ti mú afurasi ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram kan ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe. Afurasi náà jẹ́wọ́ kíkún nípa èrò láti kọ lu àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ aṣojú ti Amẹ́ríkà àti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti àwọn ibi mìíràn tí àwọn òyìnbó wà ní Abuja. DSS tún kéde lẹ́yìn náà pé láàrin ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n àti kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn ti mú afurasi ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram márùn-ún, èyí tí ó ba èrò náà jẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/nigeria-says-thwarts-boko-haram-plans-to-attack-british-and-us-embassies/ar-BBzKScm?li=AA59G2&ocid=spartanntp|title=Nigeria says thwarts Boko Haram plans to attack British and U.S. embassies|publisher=Reuters|date=Ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416045312/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/nigeria-says-thwarts-boko-haram-plans-to-attack-british-and-us-embassies/ar-BBzKScm?li=AA59G2&ocid=spartanntp|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ohun tí wọ́n pè ní "ikọlù ìparí" láti gba àwọn ibùdó agbára tó kù lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/video/news/2017/04/nigerian-army-final-push-remove-boko-haram-170402083303123.html|title=Nigerian army in 'final push' to remove Boko Haram|publisher=al Jazeera|date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406013004/http://www.aljazeera.com/video/news/2017/04/nigerian-army-final-push-remove-boko-haram-170402083303123.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Karùn-ún, Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ròyìn pé àwọn ti mú nǹkan bí 126 afurasi apániláyà Boko Haram ní ibùdó àwọn tí ogun lé kúrò nílé (IDPs) ní Damboa, Borno.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/army-arrests-126-boko-haram-suspects-in-borno-idps-camp/|title=Army arrests 126 Boko Haram suspects in Borno IDPs camp|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2017|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518060550/https://guardian.ng/news/army-arrests-126-boko-haram-suspects-in-borno-idps-camp/|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Soldiers at war.jpg|thumb|right|Àwọn sójà [[Nigerian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà]] lásìkò iṣẹ́ [[counter-insurgency|gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀]] sí Boko Haram ní Oṣù Kọkànlá 2017]]
Ní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram jí nǹkan bí 40 àwọn ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin, obìnrin àti ọmọdé gbé, wọ́n sì pa 18 ní ìlú Banki, 130 km ní gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn [[Maiduguri]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, ní ààlà Nàìjíríà àti Cameroon.<ref name="kd">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/islamic-fighters-kidnap-dozens-and-kill-18-in-brutal-raid-pqsbxf3wh|title=Boko Haram kidnaps dozens and kills 18 in brutal raid|last1=Kelley|first1=Jeremy|date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017|last2=Alfa|first2=Ismail|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908175139/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/boko-haram-kidnaps-dozens-and-kills-18-in-brutal-raid-on-camp-pqsbxf3wh|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ìròyìn sọ pé Boko Haram ti pa ènìyàn 380 láàrin Oṣù Kẹrin àti Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ní agbègbè Lake Chad.<ref name="kd"/> Nǹkan bí 57% gbogbo àwọn ilé-ìwé ní ìpínlẹ̀ Borno ni wọ́n ti tì nítorí rògbòdìyàn Boko Haram, èyí tí ó ní ipa lórí ẹ̀kọ́ nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù 3 ọmọdé.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=57773#.Wc_nyo-CzIV |title=Over half of schools remain closed in epicentre of Boko Haram crisis in Nigeria – UNICEF |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017 |access-date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001045436/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=57773#.Wc_nyo-CzIV |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra kan [[2017 Mubi bombing|pa ènìyàn 50]] ní mọ́ṣáláṣí kan ní Mubi.
Ní Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn jagunjagun tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ti ISWAP [[December 2017 Chad Basin clash|kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ ológun abójútó]] ti US Army Special Forces àti àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní Agbègbè Lake Chad Basin ní Niger. Àwọn ọmọ ogun àpapọ̀ náà ṣàṣeyọrí láti dènà ikọlù náà láì sí ẹni tí ó kú nínú wọn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/special-forces-in-niger-firefight-2018-3|title=US Special Forces troops killed 11 ISIS fighters in an undisclosed firefight in Niger|first=David|last=Choi|website=Business Insider|access-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407135332/https://www.businessinsider.com/special-forces-in-niger-firefight-2018-3|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Omenma|first1=J. Tochukwu|last2=Onyishi|first2=Ike E.|last3=Okolie|first3=Alyious‑Michaels|date=2020-04-08|title=Correction to: A decade of Boko Haram activities: the attacks, responses and challenges ahead|journal=Security Journal|volume=33|issue=3|page=514|language=en|doi=10.1057/s41284-020-00243-5|issn=0955-1662|doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== 2018 ===
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra mẹ́ta [[2018 Konduga bombings|pa nǹkan bí ènìyàn 20]] ní Konduga.
Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, Boko Haram [[Dapchi schoolgirls kidnapping|jí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin 110 gbé]] láti [[Dapchi]], Yobe.
Nígbà tí ó fi di Oṣù Kẹta, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ méjèèjì ṣì wà lẹ́nu iṣẹ́, wọ́n sì ń bá ogun lọdì sí ìjọba: Àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn Abubakar Shekau (Boko Haram) ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní pàtàkì ní gúúsù Borno, nígbà tí ẹgbẹ́ Abu Musab al-Barnawi (ISWAP) pọ̀ jùlọ ní àyíká [[Lake Chad]].<ref name="Dialogue End"/>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù Boko Haram pa ó kéré jù àwọn ará ìlú mẹ́rin ní ẹ̀yìn odi Maiduguri, ìlú tí ó tóbi jùlọ ní Borno. Ìbọn bíbà àti gaasi-oúnjẹ lẹ́yìn náà láti ọwọ́ àwọn agbófinró lé àwọn olùkọlù náà padà, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ méjì sílẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ọgbẹ́ àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn mìíràn tí wọ́n fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Boko Haram bomb attacks kill four civilians in Nigeria|url=http://www.shiitenews.org/index.php/rest-of-world/item/34199-boko-haram-bomb-attacks-kill-four-civilians-in-nigeria|website=Shiite News|publisher=Shiitenews.com|access-date=29 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222400/http://www.shiitenews.org/index.php/rest-of-world/item/34199-boko-haram-bomb-attacks-kill-four-civilians-in-nigeria|archive-date=29 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún, àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra méjì [[2018 Mubi suicide bombings|pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ènìyàn]] ní Mubi.
Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Keje, ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà sọnù lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọ ogun ISWAP tí Abu Musab al-Barnawi darí borí ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan ní agbègbè àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ó dín sí 100 àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà tí wọ́n padà wá lẹ́yìn ikọlù náà, ikọlù náà wáyé ní wákàtí 24 lẹ́yìn tí ISIL dènà àwọn ọmọ ogun tí ń rìn ní ọ̀wọ̀ ní Borno aládùúgbò. Ikọlù lórí ibùdó náà yọrí sí ogun tí ó tó wákàtí kan, kò sí ìdánilójú bóyá ẹnìkan kú nínú ikọlù náà, ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba ní agbègbè náà sọ pé àwọn ológun pàdánù àwọn ènìyàn díẹ̀, ikọlù yìí jẹ́ àṣeyọrí pàtàkì àkọ́kọ́ fún Boko Haram láti ọdún 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/hundreds-of-nigerian-troops-missing-after-boko-haram-overruns-base/ |title=Hundreds of Nigerian troops missing after Boko Haram overruns base |date=15 July 2018 |access-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716054258/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/hundreds-of-nigerian-troops-missing-after-boko-haram-overruns-base/ |archive-date=16 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP ṣàṣeyọrí láti gba ìlú Gudumbali ní àárín gbùngbùn Borno, èyí tí ó sàmì sí àṣeyọrí pàtàkì wọn àkọ́kọ́ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ọdún méjì.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Boko-Haram-captures-Nigerian-town/1066-4750642-xwp6r2/index.html |title=Boko Haram captures Gudumbali after troop attack |publisher=Daily Nation |date=9 September 2018 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022743/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Boko-Haram-captures-Nigerian-town/1066-4750642-xwp6r2/index.html |archive-date=16 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejì, Ẹ̀ka Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ISIL gbé fídíò jáde tí ó fi àwòrán ogun pẹ̀lú [[Nigerian Army|Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà]] ní agbègbè náà hàn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jihadology.net/2018/09/08/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-disperse-by-means-of-them-wilayat-gharb-ifriqiyyah/ |title=New video message from the Islamic State: "Disperse by [Means Of] Them – Wilāyat Gharb Ifrīqīyyah" |access-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014515/https://jihadology.net/2018/09/08/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-disperse-by-means-of-them-wilayat-gharb-ifriqiyyah/ |archive-date=10 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ìparí Oṣù Kejìlá, ISWAP bẹ̀rẹ̀ ikọlù mìíràn wọ́n sì gba Baga ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref name="offemsive jan 2019"/>
Ní Oṣù Kọkànlá, ìjà ní inú àti àyíká Lake Chad le sí i, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)|ogun Chad Basin]], èyí tí ó wà títí di Oṣù Kejì 2020. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP kọ lu ibùdó ológun ní Metele, Borno, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 118 nígbà tí ó kéré jù 153 mìíràn sọnù lẹ́yìn ikọlù náà, àwọn jagunjagun náà tún gba àwọn tanki ogun, ọkọ̀ ogun, ìbọn ńlá, ohun ìjà, àti ọta ìbọn.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/297343-metele-boko-haram-attack-soldiers-death-toll-rises-to-118-over-150-missing.html|title=Metele Boko Haram Attack: Soldiers' death toll rises to 118; over 150 missing|work=premiumtimesng.com|access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-insurgency/militants-kill-around-100-nigerian-soldiers-in-attack-on-army-base-sources-idUSKCN1NR1SR|title=Militants kill around 100 Nigerian soldiers in attack on army base: sources|work=Reuters|access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/nine-farmers-killed-boko-haram-attack-nigeria-002007723.html|title=Boko Haram attacks leave 53 dead in pre-election show of force|work=yahoo.com|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120205440/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nine-farmers-killed-boko-haram-attack-nigeria-002007723.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=20 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120205440/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nine-farmers-killed-boko-haram-attack-nigeria-002007723.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/many-soldiers-killed-dozens-injured-as-insurgents-invade-base-in-borno.html|title=Many soldiers killed, dozens injured as insurgents invade base in Borno|work=dailytrust.com.ng|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>
=== 2019 ===
[[File:ISWAP and Boko Haram territory in early 2019.png|thumb|Wíwà àti agbára [[Islamic State|ISWAP]] àti Boko Haram ní àríwá Nàìjíríà, Cameroon, àti Niger ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2019, lẹ́yìn àṣeyọrí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ lásìkò [[Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)|ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ogun Chad Basin]]]]
{{expand section|date=Oṣù Kẹwàá 2021}}
ISWAP ti Barnawi ṣe ikọlù ńlá ní Oṣù Kínní, wọ́n kọ lu ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibùdó ológun Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú àwọn ti Magumeri àti Gajiram. Àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà tún gba àti pa ìlú IDP ti [[Rann, Borno|Rann]] run, wọ́n tún lé àwọn olùgbé rẹ̀ kúrò nílé lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí i. Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ sọ pé ISWAP ló fa ìparun Rann,<ref name="offemsive jan 2019"/><ref name="rann">{{cite web |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/17/nigeria-boko-haram-shekau-faction-claims-rann-attack-video/ |title=Shekau Boko Haram faction claims attack in Rann, Nigeria |author=Fergus Kelly |work=Defense Post |date=17 January 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231534/https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/17/nigeria-boko-haram-shekau-faction-claims-rann-attack-video/ |archive-date=24 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ṣùgbọ́n Boko Haram ti Shekau wá sọ lẹ́yìn náà pé àwọn ló ṣe é.<ref name="rann"/>
Àwọn afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra Boko Haram mẹ́ta [[2019 Konduga bombings|pa]] ènìyàn 30 ní Konduga, Borno, ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹfà. Boko Haram [[Nganzai funeral attack|yìnbọn pa]] ó kéré jù ènìyàn 65 ní [[Nganzai]], Borno, tí wọ́n ń rìn lọ sílé láti ibi ìsìnkú ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Keje.
=== 2020 ===
Apá àkọ́kọ́ ti ọdún 2020 parọ́rọ́ díẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram [[2020 Gamboru bombing|fi bọ́ǹbù sọ ọjà kan]] ní Gamboru, Borno, ó pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 38. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 30 ní Auno, Borno.<ref name="BBC_2020-02-10">{{cite news |title=Nigeria militants burn to death motorists as they sleep in their cars |url=https://bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-51445070 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=BBC News |date=10 February 2020}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹta wọ́n kọ lu ibùdó ológun kan ní [[Toumour]], wọ́n ṣe sójà kan léṣe àti nínú èyí tí wọ́n ti pa ọlọ̀tẹ̀ 50.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/niger-army-kills-50-boko-haram-extremists-attack-69638184 Niger says army kills 50 boko Haram extremists after attack]</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta, wọ́n ṣe [[March 2020 Chad and Nigeria massacres|ìpakúpa]] lòdì sí Ọmọ Ogun Chad àti Nàìjíríà. Mínísítà Ètò Ààbò Chad, [[Mahamat Abali Salah]], kéde ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta nípa ìfilọ́lẹ̀ "[[Operation Boma's Wrath]]", ní ìdáhùn sí ìpakúpa ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹta ti Boko Haram. Erò iṣẹ́ náà ni láti pa àwọn Boko Haram tó kù ní agbègbè [[Lake Chad]] run, wọ́n sọ iṣẹ́ náà ní orúkọ erékùṣù níbi tí Boko Haram ti ṣe ikọlù wákàtí méje, èyí tí Ààrẹ Chad [[Idriss Déby]] sọ pé, òun ni ó burú jù tí àwọn ológun orílẹ̀-èdè náà tí ì jìyà rẹ̀ rí. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹfà, Boko Haram [[Gubio massacre|pa àwọn ará abúlé 81]] nínú ìyinbọn púpọ̀ ní [[Gubio]], Borno. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kẹfà, Boko Haram pa ó kéré jù sójà 20 ní Monguno àti àwọn ará ìlú tó ju 40 lọ ní Nganzai.{{Citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá 2023}} Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje, Boko Haram kọ lu ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ gómìnà Borno, [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]]. Ènìyàn márùn-ún ló kú nínú ìjà náà, pẹ̀lú ọlọ́pàá mẹ́ta. Gómìnà kò fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-07-29|title=BREAKING: Boko Haram Attacks Convoy Of Borno Governor, Zulum, In Baga|url=http://saharareporters.com/2020/07/29/breaking-boko-haram-attacks-convoy-borno-governor-zulum-baga|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹjọ, Boko Haram pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 18 nínú ikọlù [[grenade]] lórí ibùdó [[Internally displaced person|IDP]] ní Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon.<ref name="2020-08-02">{{cite news |last1=Kouagheu |first1=Josiane |last2=McAllister |first2=Edward McAllister |title=Suspected Boko Haram militants kill 16 in northern Cameroon |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-boko-haram-cameroon-idUSKBN24Y0B3 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=Reuters (www.reuters.com) |agency=Reuters |date=2 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AA_2022-08-02">{{cite news |last1=Arslan |first1=Fatma Esma |title=Cameroon: 18 civilians killed in Boko Haram attack |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/cameroon-18-civilians-killed-in-boko-haram-attack/1929680 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=www.aa.com.tr |agency=Anadolu Agency (AA) |publisher=AA News Broadcasting System (HAS) |date=2 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="UNHCR_2020-08-04">{{Cite web |last=Baloch |first=Babar |title=UNHCR outraged by attack on camp hosting displaced people in Cameroon, at least 18 people killed|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2020/8/5f291a704/unhcr-outraged-attack-camp-hosting-displaced-people-cameroon-18-people.html |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=UNHCR (www.unhcr.org)|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹjọ, ISWAP pa àwọn [[aid worker|òṣìṣẹ́ olùrànlọ́wọ́]] ilẹ̀ Faransé mẹ́fà àti àwọn ará ìlú Niger méjì ní [[Kouré, Niger|Kouré]], Tillabéri Region, Niger.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-niger-security-idUSKBN2682JX|title=Islamic State claims killing of French aid workers in Niger|publisher=Reuters|date=17 September 2020|access-date=24 February 2021|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ, àwọn jagunjagun Islamic State kó ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ènìyàn ní ìgbèkùn ní Borno.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=ISWAP terrorists take hundreds hostage in Nigerian town: sources|url=https://guardian.ng/news/iswap-terrorists-take-hundreds-hostage-in-nigerian-town-sources/|access-date=2020-10-27|website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-us}}</ref>
Oṣù Kẹsàn-án rí ìlọsókè nínú àwọn ikọlù. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Kurmari, níbi tí wọ́n ti pa àwọn ará ìlú mẹ́rin lójú orun. Wọ́n tún kọ lu abúlé méjì ní ẹ̀yìn odi Maiduguri, àwọn ará ìlú mẹ́fà ló kú nínú ikọlù yìí.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Boko Haram Kill 10 Civilians in Northeast Nigeria|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/09/08/boko-haram-kill-civilians-nigeria/|access-date=2021-01-11|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe iṣẹ́ ogun lòdì sí Boko Haram ní ìlú Hamdaga Makaranta ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ [[Gwoza]]. Àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ márùn-ún ló kú tí wọ́n sì gba àwọn ògbèkùn méje sílẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ló fara pa ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ṣàṣeyọrí láti sálọ.<ref>{{cite web|title=5 Boko Haram militants killed in Nigerian military's operation – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/07/c_139349933.htm|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021080740/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/07/c_139349933.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé kan ní agbègbè Lake Chad ní Chad, wọ́n jí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú gbé.<ref>{{cite web|last=AFP|first=French Press Agency-|date=2020-09-25|title=Chadian forces kill 20 Boko Haram fighters, free hostages|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/africa/chadian-forces-kill-20-boko-haram-fighters-free-hostages|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe iṣẹ́ ogun ojú òfuurufú lòdì sí Boko Haram ní Kassa Kura ní Maiduguri. Ọlọ̀tẹ̀ mẹ́rìndínlógún kú, 38 ni wọ́n mú, wọ́n sì gba ohun ìjà wọn. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ló sálọ pẹ̀lú ọgbẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|title=16 Boko Haram militants killed in NE Nigeria – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/19/c_139381170.htm|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, [[Military of Chad|Ológun Chad]] kọ lu Boko Haram ní abúlé Barkalam nítòsí ààlà pẹ̀lú Nàìjíríà, jagunjagun Boko Haram 15 ló kú nínú ìjà náà, wọ́n gba ògbèkùn 12 sílẹ̀. Boko Haram àti Ológun Chad tún jà ní Bilabrim lẹ́yìn náà níbi tí wọ́n ti pa ọlọ̀tẹ̀ márùn-ún tí sójà Chad méjì sì fara pa. Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun, wọ́n pa sójà 3 níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà wọ́n sì ṣe Colonel Dahiru Bako ní ọgbẹ́ ikú.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian Military Leader, Fatally Wounded in Boko Haram Ambush, Remembered as Hero|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_nigerian-military-leader-fatally-wounded-boko-haram-ambush-remembered-hero/6196323.html|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Voice of America|date=24 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun tí ń sin àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba nítòsí ìlú Monguno, wọ́n pa 15; Ọlọ́pàá mẹ́jọ, sójà mẹ́ta, àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Civilian Joint Task Force mẹ́rin.<ref>{{cite web|title=At least 15 Nigerian security personnel killed in ambush by Boko Haram: media – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/26/c_139399059.htm|access-date=2021-01-10|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, Boko Haram kọ lu [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]] àti ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ rẹ̀ nítòsí Baga. Zulum kò fara pa ṣùgbọ́n ènìyàn 30 kú nínú ikọlù náà; ọlọ́pàá méjìlá, sójà márùn-ún, ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba mẹ́rin àti ará ìlú mẹ́sàn-án. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-26|title=Dozens killed in jihadist attack on Nigeria governor's convoy|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200926-dozens-killed-in-jihadist-attack-on-nigeria-governor-s-convoy|access-date=2021-01-10|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, àwọn jagunjagun Islamic State kọ lu ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ kan ní Borno, wọ́n pa ènìyàn 18.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-09-27|title=Nigerian soldiers and police killed in IS ambush in Borno state|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54315623|access-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]] rí kẹ́tẹ́kẹ́tẹ́ kan ní ojú ọ̀nà wọ́n sì yìnbọn lu u. Lẹ́yìn tí kẹ́tẹ́kẹ́tẹ́ náà bú, àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tí wọ́n [[animal-borne bomb attacks|gbin bọ́ǹbù sára rẹ̀]] jáde láti ibi tí wọ́n sápamọ́ sí wọ́n sì yìnbọn lù wọ́n. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram ló kú nínú ìyinbọn padà tí ó tẹ̀le e, nígbà tí ẹnìkan kò fara pa tàbí kú nínú ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Zulum. Àwọn ọkọ̀ inú ọ̀wọ̀ náà bàjẹ́ nítorí ọta ìbọn.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|date=2020-09-28|title=Nigeria's Boko Haram crisis: 'Bomb on donkey' used to ambush Borno governor|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54331260|access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref>
Ìwà ipá tún padà wáyé ní Oṣù Kọkànlá. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Takulashi nítòsí Chibok; wọ́n wá láti Sambisa Forest. Àwọn ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba láti Chibok kó ara wọn jọ sínú ọkọ̀ ńlá méjì wọ́n sì gbìyànjú láti gbèjà abúlé náà ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà pọ̀jù wọ́n lọ wọ́n sì ṣàṣeyọrí láti gba ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ọkọ̀ ńlá wọn. Ènìyàn méjìlá ló kú wọ́n sì jí ará ìlú méje gbé.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-02|title=Boko Haram 'kills 12' in raid near Nigeria's Chibok ---|url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/boko-haram-kills-12-in-raid-near-nigerias-chibok/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Macau Business|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kọkànlá, [[Nigerian Armed Forces|Àwọn ológun Nàìjíríà]] ṣe iṣẹ́ ogun méjì lòdì sí Boko Haram. Ní abúlé Buni Gari ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram 5 ló kú tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Ológun Nàìjíríà tún gba ògbèkùn mẹ́rin sílẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ Boko Haram nínú iṣẹ́ ogun mìíràn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian troops kill five Boko Haram militants, rescue four hostages – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/10/c_139505867.htm|access-date=2021-01-10|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021122205/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/10/c_139505867.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun Nàìjíríà láàrin Jagiran àti Monguno. Sójà mẹ́fà kú tí 26 sì fara pa nínú ìdènà náà, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sójà tún sọnù.<ref name="bs">{{cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Boko Haram Kills Fifteen over Two Days in Borno State|url=https://www.persecution.org/2020/11/23/boko-haram-kills-fifteen-two-days-borno-state/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Persecution|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, Ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ti [[List of Governors of Borno State|gómìnà Borno]], [[Babagana Umara Zulum|Babagana Zulum]] ni wọ́n kọ lu nígbà tí ó ń rìnrìn-àjò láti lọ bá àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba pàdé ní Baga. Sójà méje àti ará ìlú méjì ló kú nínú ìdènà yìí, ṣùgbọ́n gómìnà kò fara pa. Ìpàdé rẹ̀ jẹ́ fífagilé.<ref name="bs"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram ṣe ikọlù sí abúlé Gabass tí ó jẹ́ ti Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ní Agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ, Cameroon. Ará ìlú mẹ́ta kú wọ́n sì jí ẹnìkan gbé. Boko Haram tún kọ lu abúlé Guidi ní agbègbè Àríwá Jùlọ níbi tí wọ́n ti dáná sun ilé márùn-ún.<ref>{{cite web|title=Three people killed, one abducted in Boko Haram attack on Christian village in Cameroon|url=https://news.barnabasfund.org/Three-people-killed--one-abducted-in-Boko-Haram-attack-on-Christian-village-in-Cameroon/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=news.barnabasfund.org|date=27 November 2020|language=en|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112195310/https://news.barnabasfund.org/Three-people-killed--one-abducted-in-Boko-Haram-attack-on-Christian-village-in-Cameroon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá, Boko Haram [[Koshebe massacre|ṣe ìpakúpa àwọn àgbẹ̀ tó tó 110]] ní Koshebe, Borno.<ref name="BBC News" />
Oṣù Kejìlá rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjígbé, àti ìwà ipá tí ó dá lórí Kérésìmesì. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram [[Kankara kidnapping|jí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì tó ju 330 gbé ní Kankara]], Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina. Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kejìlá, nǹkan bí 70 jagunjagun Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé [[Toumour]] ní Niger ní nǹkan bí aago márùn-ún kẹ́ẹ̀dógún ìrọ̀lẹ́ (17:45) [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]. Ó kéré jù ènìyàn 27 ló kú, tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì sọnù tàbí fara pa. Lásìkò ikọlù náà wọ́n dáná sun ilé láàrin 800 àti 1000,<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/gunmen-kill-28-burn-800-houses-niger-attack-blamed-boko-haram-2020-12-14/ Gunmen kill 28, burn 800 houses in Niger attack blamed on Boko Haram]</ref> ọjà àárín gbùngbùn àti àwọn ọkọ̀ oríṣiríṣi. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣìṣẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ kan ṣe sọ, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó 60% abúlé náà ló parun nípasẹ̀ ikọlù tí ó tó wákàtí 3.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-12-14|title=At Least 27 Killed in Niger in Boko Haram Attack|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/12/14/boko-haram-kills-27-niger/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ti Pemi ní Borno. Àwọn olùkọlù náà sun ilé 10 wọ́n sì kó oúnjẹ tí wọ́n fẹ́ pín fún àwọn olùgbé láti fi ṣayẹyẹ [[Christmas|Kérésìmesì]]; wọ́n tún kó oògùn láti abúlé náà. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ààbò ti kìlọ̀ pé ikọlù lórí ayẹyẹ Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ṣeéṣe, nítorí náà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùgbé ṣàṣeyọrí láti sá fún ikọlù náà. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀ ará ìlú 11 ló kú pẹ̀lú àlùfáà Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì kan.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-12-25|title=Boko Haram kill villagers in Christmas Eve attack|language=en-gb|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55448105|access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ Kérésìmesì kan náà Boko Haram jí nǹkan bí 40 [[Lumberjack|agbógilálà]] gbé ní igbó Wulgo; agbógilálà mẹ́ta kú nígbà tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti sálọ. Àwọn agbógilálà láti abúlé Shehuri ní Borno lọ sí igbó ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò padà ní ìrọ̀lẹ́ bí wọ́n ti máa ń ṣe. Ní ọjọ́ kejì olórí ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn ìjọba kó àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìwádìí jọ tí wọ́n lọ sínú igbó tí wọ́n sì rí òkú mẹ́ta.<ref>{{cite web|last=France-Press|first=Agence|date=2020-12-26|title=Boko Haram kidnaps 40 loggers and kills three in north-east Nigeria|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/26/boko-haram-kidnaps-40-loggers-and-kills-three-in-north-east-nigeria|access-date=2021-01-10|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, Boko Haram kọ lu àwọn abúlé Shafa, Azare, àti Tashan Alade ní Borno. Ènìyàn mẹ́wàá kú nínú àwọn ikọlù náà, meje nínú wọn jẹ́ ará ìlú, ọlọ́pàá méjì, àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ológun [[Civilian Joint Task Force|CJTF]] kan. Ilé, ṣọ́ọ̀bù, ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì àti àgọ́ ọlọ́pàá kan ló jóná nínú àwọn ikọlù náà.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-12-28|title=At Least 10 Dead in Boko Haram Attack in Nigeria's Borno State|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2020/12/28/boko-haram-kills-10-nigeria/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, Bọ́ǹbù tí Boko Haram gbin sílẹ̀ ní abúlé Larothe Gomani<ref name="sp">{{cite web|title=Boko Haram Landmines Kill 11 Nigerian Security Personnel|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_boko-haram-landmines-kill-11-nigerian-security-personnel/6200128.html|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Voice of America|date=29 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> pa sójà Nàìjíríà mẹ́rin. Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn ọdẹ méje kú tí mẹ́sàn-án mìíràn sì fara pa lẹ́yìn tí ọkọ̀ wọn tẹ [[landmine|bọ́ǹbù ilẹ̀]] tí Boko Haram gbìn nítòsí abúlé Kayamla. Ìjọba ló gbà wọ́n síṣẹ́ láti ran wọn lọ́wọ́ láti bá àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jihadist jà, nígbà tí ọkọ̀ wọn tẹ bọ́ǹbù ilẹ̀ wọ́n ń lé àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram.<ref name="sp"/>
=== 2021 ===
Ìwà ipá pọ̀ jù ní ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ ọdún 2021.
Oṣù Kínní rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ikọlù. Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kínní, [[Multinational Joint Task Force]] ṣe ìgbálẹ̀ yíká [[Kolofata]], nígbà ìjà náà jagunjagun Boko Haram mẹ́ta ló kú tí wọ́n sì mú méjì.<ref name="ha">{{cite news|last=Forku and Kum|first=Rodrigue and Peter|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2021|title=Cameroon: 4 civilians dead in Boko Haram attacks|work=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/cameroon-4-civilians-dead-in-boko-haram-attacks/2098128|access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2021}}</ref> Ológun Nàìjíríà kéde iṣẹ́ Operation Tuka Takaibango ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kínní.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|date=2021-01-08|title=How Boko Haram attacked Geidam – Police {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/435506-how-boko-haram-attacked-geidam-police.html|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kínní, ní nǹkan bí aago mẹrin òwúrọ̀ Boko Haram yìnbọn pa ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùṣọ́ ìbílẹ̀ mẹ́ta ní agbègbè Mayo Moskota. Boko Haram pa ará ìlú kan ní agbègbè Kolofata ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kan náà.<ref name="ha"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram wọ ìlú [[Geidam]], Yobe. Wọ́n rí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà ní ẹ̀yìn odi Geidam ní aago kan ọ̀sán. Òkìkí nípa àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà tàn ká ìlú náà lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀, ó sì fa ìdádúró àwọn iṣẹ́ ojoojúmọ́ fún wákàtí kan ààbọ̀, lẹ́yìn tí kò sí nǹkan tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ àwọn ènìyàn ń bá àwọn iṣẹ́ wọn lọ. Àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram kó ara wọn jọ sí àwọn ibi pàtàkì bíi ọjà Geidam pẹ̀lú ètò tí ó wà ní ìṣọ̀kan ní aago márùn-ún ààbọ̀ ìrọ̀lẹ́, láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dúró sí àwọn ibi yẹn wọ́n kọ lu ìlú náà. Àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ náà jí Olórí Agbègbè gbé, wọ́n ṣe àwọn ará ìlú bíi mélòó kan léṣe wọ́n sì ji oúnjẹ àti oògùn. Ọlọ́pàá agbègbè náà wá rí òkú méjì lẹ́yìn náà nínú ọkọ̀ tí ó jóná tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ ti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram.<ref name="gp"/> Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kínní, wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ iṣẹ́ Operation Tuka Takaibango ní gbangba.<ref name="gp"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kínní, Boko Haram kọ lu abúlé Mozogo ní Cameroon, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ará ìlú gbìyànjú láti sá lọ sínú igbó tí ó wà nítòsí. [[Female suicide bomber|Obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra]] kan fún ara rẹ̀ ní bọ́ǹbù lásìkò ikọlù náà, ó pa ó kéré jù ará ìlú 14 tí mẹ́jọ nínú wọn jẹ́ ọmọdé.<ref>{{cite web|last=AfricaNews|date=2021-01-08|title=Cameroon: At least 14 killed in Boko Haram attack|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/08/cameroon-at-least-14-killed-in-boko-haram-attack/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Africanews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-08|title=Jihadist Attack Kills 13 in Northern Cameroon|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/08/cameroon-jihadist-attack-kills-13/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kínní, ó kéré jù ọlọ̀tẹ̀ Boko Haram 28 ló kú lásìkò ìjà pẹ̀lú Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní [[Gujba]], nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ mìíràn sálọ, sójà Nàìjíríà kan kú ẹnìkan sì fara pa, gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbẹnusọ ológun Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-10|title=Nigerian soldiers confront Boko Haram in Gujba, kill 28 – Official|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/436002-nigerian-soldiers-confront-boko-haram-in-gujba-kill-28-official.html|access-date=2021-01-10|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kínní, ISWAP dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ológun Nàìjíríà ní abúlé Gazagana, wọ́n pa 13 tí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-11|title=ISWAP Jihadists Kill 13 Soldiers in Northeast Nigeria|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/11/iswap-kills-13-soldiers-nigeria/|access-date=2021-01-11|website=The Defense Post|language=en-us}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kínní, afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra ISWAP kan pa sójà Nàìjíríà mẹ́fà bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe ìwádìí ní abúlé Talala, Borno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/01/13/iswap-suicide-bomber-kills-six-soldiers-nigeria/|title=ISWAP Suicide Bomber Kills Six Nigerian Troops in Borno: Military|website=www.thedefensepost.com|date=13 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kínní, àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP kọ lu abúlé Garin Gada ní Yobe, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù ará ìlú méjì, nígbà tí wọ́n tún ń ji oúnjẹ ní abúlé náà.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/01/14/boko-haram-terrorists-kill-2-in-yobe/|title=Boko Haram: Terrorists kill 2 in Yobe|first=Maina|last=Maina|date=14 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní, IED méje ni wọ́n sọ sí ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ APC Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà àti àwọn ọkọ̀ mìíràn, tí àwọn ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ń ṣọ́ ní Gorgi, Borno. Sójà tó ju 30 lọ ló kú. Ọkọ̀ mẹ́ta ló bàjẹ́, wọ́n sì gba ọkọ̀ ogun, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="terrorism-info.org.il">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-january-14-20-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (January 14–20, 2021)|date=21 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kínní, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS yìnbọn padà wọ́n sì sọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ IED sí àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní Matari, nǹkan bí 50 km ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Maiduguri, olú-ìlú Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno. Ó kéré jù sójà 20 ló kú. ATV méjì ló bàjẹ́. Ní àfikún, ATV méjì, APC kan, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn ni wọ́n gbà.<ref name="terrorism-info.org.il" /> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kínní, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ IS dènà wọ́n sì fi [[machine gun|ìbọn ńlá]] yìnbọn sí ẹgbẹ́ ológun Nàìjíríà tí ń ṣọ́ ní Borno. Sójà méje kú àwọn mìíràn sì fara pa. Ní àfikún, ATV kan, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn ni wọ́n gbà.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-january-27-21-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (January 27–21, 2021)|date=28 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní, ikọlù méjì wáyé ní àríwá Nàìjíríà. Ọ̀kan ní abúlé Chabal, tí ó fi òkú ọlọ́pàá méjì sílẹ̀ wọ́n sì jí méjì gbé. Ikọlù kejì wáyé ní Dikwa, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ikú sójà 2 ó sì fi obìnrin ọlọ́pàá méjì sílẹ̀ tí wọ́n jí gbé.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400653-boko-haram-disrespects-service-chiefs-strikes-visit-maduguri.html|title=Boko Haram disrespects service chiefs, strikes during their visit to Maiduguri|first=Aanu|last=Adegun|date=1 February 2021|website=Legit.ng – Nigeria news.|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/insurgents-kill-soldiers-abduct-two-female-cops-in-borno-report/|title=Insurgents kill soldiers, abduct two female cops in Borno – Report|date=31 January 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
Oṣù Kejì rí iṣẹ́ ogun tí ó pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ ogun ìjọba. Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn àwọn ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibùdó Boko Haram ní agbègbè onígun mẹ́ta [[Timbuktu]], pẹ̀lú ibùdó Dole. Wọ́n tún gba Talala sílẹ̀, èyí tí àwọn jagunjagun gbà ní ọdún 2013 tí ó sì di ibùdó wọn kejì tí ó tóbi jùlọ, lẹ́yìn agbègbè Lake Chad. Yàtọ̀ sí Talala wọ́n tún gba Buk, Gorgi wọ́n sì gba àwọn ibùdó ní Kidari, Argude, Takwala, Chowalta àti Galdekore. Kọmándà ISWAP pàtàkì méjì, Modu Sulum àti Ameer Modu Borzogo, sálọ pẹ̀lú àwọn jagunjagun díẹ̀ lásìkò ìjà líle ṣùgbọ́n ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn kọmándà mìíràn àti jagunjagun ló kú wọ́n sì gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ògbèkùn sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sobowale |first=Rasheed |date=2021-02-05 |title=Two ISWAP senior commanders escape, as troops overrun camps |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/two-iswap-senior-commanders-escape-as-troops-overrun-camps/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP dènà àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní agbègbè Goniri, nítòsí [[Niger-Nigeria border|ààlà Niger-Nigeria]]. Àwọn méjèèjì yìnbọn síra wọn. Sójà mẹ́fà kú àwọn díẹ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ọkọ̀, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-4-10-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 4–10, 2021)|date=11 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì, 'àwọn adigunjalè' kọ lu abúlé méjì ní àríwá-ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, tí ó yọrí sí ikú ènìyàn 19, gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjọba Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2021/02/08/gunmen-kill-19-northwest-nigeria/|title=Gunmen kill 19 in village raids in northwest Nigeria|website=thedefensepost.com|access-date=9 August 2025}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejì, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP kọ lu ibi tí Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà tí ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ní Monguno, nǹkan bí 70 km láti agbègbè ààlà mẹ́ta Nigeria-Chad-Cameroon. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ọkọ̀, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà kan láàrin Jakana àti Mainok, nǹkan bí 30 km ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Maiduguri. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà méje kú. Ní àfikún, ọkọ̀ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà méjì ló bàjẹ́. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà tí wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà.<ref name="gj">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-11-17-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 11–17, 2021)|date=18 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ibi tí Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ti ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ní Geidam, Yobe, nǹkan bí 30 km láti ààlà Nigeria-Niger. Àwọn méjèèjì yìnbọn síra wọn. Sójà mẹ́rin kú, mẹ́ta ni wọ́n mú lọ bí ẹlẹ́wọ̀n àwọn tó kù sì sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà tí wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ níbi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà wọ́n sì dáná sun ọkọ̀ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kan.<ref name="gj"/> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n dènà àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà ní ẹ̀yìn odi Monguno. Wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ IED kan lòdì sí àwọn sójà náà, lẹ́yìn náà ìyinbọn wáyé. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP gba ATV kan àti ohun ìjà.<ref name="gj"/> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní abúlé Gur, nǹkan bí 150 km ní gúúsù Maiduguri ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Jagunjagun alátìlẹ́yìn mẹ́rin kú. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP dáná sun ọkọ̀ mẹ́rin àti ilé àwọn jagunjagun náà.<ref name="gj"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu agbègbè Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan ní [[Marte, Borno|Marte]], Borno, nǹkan bí 40 km ní ìlà-oòrùn ààlà Nigeria-Cameroon, ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Sójà mẹ́wàá kú nínú ìyinbọn náà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS dáná sun agbègbè náà, tanki méjì àti ọkọ̀ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà kan. Wọ́n tún gba ọkọ̀ mẹ́ta, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="gj"/>
Ìdajì kejì Oṣù Kejì tún kún fún ìwà ipá bákan náà. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n kọ lu ẹgbẹ́ àwọn sójà Nàìjíríà kan ní abúlé kan ní Borno. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà mẹ́rin kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn.<ref name="gj"/> Ọlọ́pàá mẹ́rin àti ará ìlú meje ló kú lásìkò ikọlù ISWAP ní abúlé Bayamari ní Yobe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prnigeria.com/2021/02/17/terrorists-attack-bayamari-villagers/|title=After Fleeing Military Onslaught, Terrorists Attack Police, Villagers in Bayamari, Yobe|date=17 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ikọlù wáyé lòdì sí olú-ilé-iṣẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ ológun alátìlẹ́yìn Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà ní Gubio, Borno. Ìyinbọn wáyé láàrin wọn. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS gba ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn wọ́n sì dáná sun ọkọ̀.<ref name="f1">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-18-24-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 18–24, 2021)|date=25 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà wọ́n sì yìnbọn lù ú ní agbègbè Karito, nítòsí Lake Chad. Sójà mẹ́ta kú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa nínú ìyinbọn náà. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP gba ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn, wọ́n sì dáná sun ọkọ̀ mẹ́ta.<ref name="f1"/> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kejì, wọ́n ṣe ikọlù lòdì sí ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan ní [[Dikwa]], nǹkan bí 50 km láti ààlà Nigeria-Cameroon ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno. Àpapọ̀ sójà 15 ló kú nínú ìyinbọn náà ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ mìíràn sì fara pa. Àwọn sójà tó kù sálọ, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP sì gba ọkọ̀ mẹ́rin, ohun ìjà àti ọta ìbọn. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISIS dáná sun ibùdó náà àti àwọn ọkọ̀ mìíràn. Ibùdó tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ISWAP gba yìí jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà tó tóbi jùlọ àti pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ olùgbé fi agbègbè náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ikọlù náà.<ref name="f1"/> Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram bẹ́ orí ènìyàn márùn-ún ní ibùdó IDP kan ní Borno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naijanews.com/2021/02/22/boko-haram-beheads-5-persons-in-borno-idp-camp-others-missing/|title=Boko Haram Beheads 5 Persons In Borno IDP Camp, Others Missing|first=Oladipo|last=Abiola|date=22 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejì, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram wọ Maiduguri, [[2021 Maiduguri rocket attacks|wọ́n pa ènìyàn 10]], wọ́n sì ń yin grenade inú ìlú náà. Èyí ni ikọlù àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ níbẹ̀ láti ọdún pípẹ́.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://humangle.ng/boko-haram-storm-borno-capital-kill-dozens-before-retreating/|title=Boko Haram Storm Borno Capital, Kill Dozens Before Retreating|date=23 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021|archive-date=23 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223214644/https://humangle.ng/boko-haram-storm-borno-capital-kill-dozens-before-retreating/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì, àwọn agbébọn lórí alùpùpù ya wọ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ abúlé ní agbègbè Igabi àti Chikun ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, wọ́n fi ó kéré jù òkú ènìyàn 18 sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/02/25/gangs-kill-18-northern-nigeria/|title=Gangs Kill 18 Villagers in Northern Nigeria|website=www.thedefensepost.com|date=25 February 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì, ikọlù ọ̀ganjọ́ òru lórí ilé-ìwé sẹ́kọ́ńdírì kan ní Zamfara yọrí sí [[Zamfara kidnapping|jíjí akẹ́kọ̀ọ́bìnrin 279 gbé]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/26/nigerian-school-students-abducted-in-second-kidnapping-in-a-week|title=Gunmen kidnap over 300 girls in Nigeria school raid: Police|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì, ISWAP dènà ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ ti Kọmándà iṣẹ́ gbigbogun ti ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ti Nàìjíríà, Farouq Yahaya, wọ́n pa ó kéré jù sójà méjì.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://humangle.ng/iswap-terrorists-ambush-nigerias-counter-insurgency-chief/|title=ISWAP Terrorists Ambush Nigeria's Counter-Insurgency Chief|date=1 March 2021|access-date=31 December 2025|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728114723/https://humangle.ng/iswap-terrorists-ambush-nigerias-counter-insurgency-chief/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Ìdajì kejì ọdún náà jẹ́ èyí tí àlàáfíà wà díẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹta, ISWAP gba ìlú Dikwa fún wákàtí mélòó kan lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n lé àwọn ọmọ ogun ìjọba kúrò níbẹ̀. Nígbà tí wọ́n wà ní Dikwa, àwọn jagunjagun náà kọ lu ibùdó Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà kan wọ́n sì pa sójà mẹ́fà. Wọ́n padà wá ní ọjọ́ kejì wọ́n sì pa sójà méjì mìíràn.<ref name="f2">{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-february-25-march-3-2021/|title=Spotlight on Global Jihad (February 25 – March 3, 2021)|date=4 March 2021}}</ref> ISWAP gba ìlú Bukarti, Yobe. Àwọn jagunjagun IS tún kọ lu ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà nítòsí Geidam, Yobe. Ikọlù náà fi òkú sójà Nàìjíríà méjì sílẹ̀.<ref name="f2"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹta, Boko Haram ya wọ àwùjọ Rumirgo ti agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Askira Uba ti Borno, wọ́n pa ará ìlú méjì àti òṣìṣẹ́ ààbò kan wọ́n sì ji [[tank truck|ọkọ̀ tanki]] tí ó ń gbé epo pẹtiróòlù.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marama |first1=Ndahi |title=Boko Haram kills security personnel, two Civilians in Borno |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/boko-haram-kills-security-personnel-two-civilians-in-borno/ |website=Vanguard News |access-date=9 March 2021 |date=6 March 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹrin, 31 sójà Nàìjíríà [[Mainok attack|ni wọ́n pa]] ní Mainok, Borno.{{Citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá 2023}} Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún sí ogún Oṣù Karùn-ún, ISWAP [[Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)|kọ lu àti borí àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram ní Sambisa Forest]], Borno, wọ́n sì gba igbó náà nígbẹ̀yìn. Olórí Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau kú nínú ìjà náà, ìròyìn sọ pé ó lo aṣọ agbẹ́míra. Àwọn olótìítọ́ Boko Haram tó kù kó ara wọn jọ lábẹ́ Sahalaba ẹni tí ó kéde pé àwọn kò tíì di ẹni tí a ṣẹ́gun.<ref name="sahara" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://humangle.ng/iswap-confirms-shekaus-death-says-its-fighters-were-following-isis-orders/ |title=ISWAP Confirms Shekau's Death, Says Its Fighters Were Following ISIS Orders |author=Ahmad Salkida |work=Humangle |date=5 June 2021 |access-date=5 June 2021 |archivedate=5 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605095354/https://humangle.ng/iswap-confirms-shekaus-death-says-its-fighters-were-following-isis-orders/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà, [[United Nations Development Program]] gbé ìròyìn kan jáde tí ó sọ pé ìrúdedò ní Nàìjíríà, títí di ìparí ọdún 2020, ti pa nǹkan bí 350,000 ènìyàn, nípasẹ̀ ọ̀nà tààrà àti àìṣe-tààrà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/how-350000-people-have-been-killed-due-to-boko-haram-scourge-in-nigeria|title=How 350,000 people have been killed due to Boko Haram scourge in Nigeria|date=25 June 2021|website=Face2Face Africa}}</ref><ref name="Reuters_350" /> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Keje, ISWAP dárúkọ àwọn kọmándà tuntun àti gómìnà, pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí ń darí [[taxation|owó-orí]].<ref name="dailypost.ng">{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/04/iswap-names-new-commanders-governors-imposes-tax-on-nigerians/|title=ISWAP names new commanders, governors, imposes tax on Nigerians|first=Wale|last=Odunsi|date=4 July 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá wọ́n ròyìn pé ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pa olórí tuntun ti ISWAP, Malam Bako, nínú iṣẹ́ ológun ní oṣù yìí, ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n kéde ikú olórí ẹgbẹ́ náà tẹ́lẹ̀ Abu Musab al-Barnawi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian army says Islamic State West Africa's new leader killed in military operation
|date=21 October 2021|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-army-says-islamic-state-west-africas-new-leader-killed-military-2021-10-28/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kọkànlá, àwọn orísun tí kì í ṣe ti IS sọ pé ISWAP ti yan Sani Shuwaram gẹ́gẹ́ bí kọmándà olórí tuntun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-november-4-10-2021/|title=Spotlight of Global Jihad (November 4–10, 2021)|work=The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|date=11 November 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá Oṣù Kọkànlá, Brigadier General Ọmọ Ogun Nàìjíríà Dzarma Zirkusu àti sójà Nàìjíríà mẹ́ta mìíràn kú nínú ikọlù ISWAP ní ìlú [[Askira/Uba|Askira]] ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-army-general-troops-killed-iswap-attack-2021-11-13/|title=Nigerian army general, troops killed in ISWAP attack|work=Reuters|date=14 November 2021}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá, [[Multinational Joint Task Force]] (MTJF) kéde pé sójà mẹ́fà láti Nàìjíríà àti Niger kú tí 16 sì fara pa láti ọwọ́ àwọn jagunjagun ISWAP lásìkò iṣẹ́ kan ní Oṣù Kejìlá 2021 ní [[Borno State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno]]. Nínú iṣẹ́ kan náà, jagunjagun 22 ló kú tí wọ́n sì mú 17.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ola|first=Lanre|date=2021-12-31|title=Six Nigerian, Niger troops killed by Islamic State, security forces say|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/six-nigerian-niger-troops-killed-by-islamic-state-security-forces-say-2021-12-30/|access-date=2022-01-02}}</ref>
=== 2022 ===
[[File:BokoHaraminsurgency.png|thumb|Àwọn agbègbè tí Boko haram àti ISWAP wà ní ọdún 2022]]
2022 rí àwọn àṣeyọrí fún àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú mímú tàbí pipa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórí gogoro.
Ìgbà iruwe rí i pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olórí ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ̀lera. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kejì wọ́n ròyìn pé ọkọ̀ òfuurufú Nàìjíríà pa àwọn ọ̀gá apániláyà kan pẹ̀lú Kọmándà ISWAP Mallam Buba Danfulani lásìkò ìkọlù lórí àwọn ibùdó agbára apániláyà Boko Haram/ISWAP ní àyíká agbègbè Tumbuns ní Lake Chad àti àyíká Sambisa Forests. Àwọn kọmándà márùn-ún mìíràn tí orúkọ wọn ń jẹ́: Musa Amir Jaish, Mahd Maluma, Abu-Ubaida, Abu-Hamza àti Abu-Nura umarun Leni náà kú.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian Air Force Kills Another Top Boko Haram Commander, Others|date=18 February 2022|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/02/18/nigerian-air-force-kills-another-top-boko-haram-commander-others}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹta olórí Jamā’at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da’wah wa’l-Jihād, ẹgbẹ́ tí ó yapa kúrò ní Boko Haram, Alhaji Ari-Difinoma, juwọ́ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn ọmọ ogun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram Preacher Ari-Difinoma Surrenders To Troops|date=18 May 2022|url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/boko-haram-preacher-ari-difinoma-surrenders-to-troops/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Boko Haram radical preacher, Alhaji Ari-Difinoma surrenders to Nigerian Army|date=17 May 2022|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/prominent-boko-haram-radical-preacher-alhaji-ari-difinoma-surrenders-to-nigerian-army/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta olórí tuntun ti ISWAP, [[Sani Shuwaram]], àti àwọn apániláyà mìíràn kú nínú ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=The Nigeria |title=JUST IN: ISWAP Leader Killed By Nigerian Military Airstrikes, Replacement Nominated |url=https://thenigeriadaily.com/2022/03/20/just-in-iswap-leader-killed-by-nigerian-military-airstrikes-replacement-nominated/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=The Nigeria Daily |language=en-US |archive-date=30 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251130104518/https://thenigeriadaily.com/2022/03/20/just-in-iswap-leader-killed-by-nigerian-military-airstrikes-replacement-nominated/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹrin kọmándà ISWAP Abubakar Dan-Buduma àti àwọn apániláyà mìíràn kú nínú iṣẹ́ ológun láti ọwọ́ MNJTF.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian military kills 23 extremist militants in counterterrorism ops|date=9 April 2022|url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/world/news/nigerian-military-kills-23-extremist-militants-in-counterterrorism-ops-164699}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Karùn-ún wọ́n ròyìn pé ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú MNJTF pa olórí ISWAP pàtàkì méjì, Bako Gorgore àti Aba-Ibrahim ní Lake Chad. Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Karùn-ún wọ́n ròyìn pé kọmándà Boko Haram Abubakar Sarki àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà kú lásìkò ìjà pẹ̀lú ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ní Sambisa Forest.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top Boko Haram Commander, Scores Killed In Offensive Military Operation|date=15 May 2022|url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/top-boko-haram-commander-scores-killed-in-offensive-military-operation/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram pa nǹkan bí 40 àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tears Flow As Boko Haram Slaughters 40 Farmers in Northeast Nigeria|date=24 May 2022|url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1471233-tears-flow-as-boko-haram-slaughters-40-farmers-northeast-nigeria/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún àwọn ọmọ ogun MNJTF láti Nàìjíríà àti Chad, pẹ̀lú Operation HADIN KAI, ya wọ agbègbè Tumbun Rago, Tumbun Dilla àti àwọn ibùgbé Jamina wọ́n sì ṣàṣeyọrí ní pipa àwọn apániláyà tó ju 25 lọ. Àwọn ọmọ ogun náà tún gba ìbọn AK-47 kan, ìbọn atako-ọkọ̀ òfuurufú kan, àti ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ọta ìbọn oríṣiríṣi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram Terrorists Escaping From Multinational Joint Task Force Troops Abandon 5-year-old Boy|date=30 May 2022|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/05/30/boko-haram-terrorists-escaping-multinational-joint-task-force-troops-abandon-5-year-old}}</ref>
Ní Oṣù Kẹfà, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọdẹ kan dènà wọ́n sì pa kọmándà Boko Haram kan àti igbákejì rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn jagunjagun wọn tí wọ́n ń sálọ ní ọgbẹ́.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hunters, vigilantes kill Boko Haram commander, deputy in Borno|date=1 June 2022|url=https://guardian.ng/news/hunters-vigilantes-kill-boko-haram-commander-deputy-in-borno/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ìjà idije láàrin ISWAP àti Jamā’at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da’wah wa’l-Jihād yọrí sí pipa kọmándà kan tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ Ummate Ma, àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn jagunjagun rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=ISWAP Kills Wanted Top Terror Kingpin, Ummate Ma, Scores Of Fighters|date=4 June 2022|url=https://leadership.ng/iswap-kills-wanted-top-terror-kingpin-ummate-ma-scores-of-fighters/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹfà àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|Islamic State West Africa Province]] (ISWAP) kọ lu [[Owo church attack|St Francis Xavier Catholic Church ní ìlú Owo ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ondo]], Nigeria, (tí ó wà ní 345 kilometres (215 miles) ní ìlà-oòrùn [[Lagos State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó]]) wọ́n pa ó kéré jù àwọn ọmọ ìjọ 50 wọ́n sì ṣe 87 mìíràn léṣe.<ref>{{cite news |last=Obiezu |first=Timothy |date=10 June 2022 |title=Nigerian Officials Say Terror Group ISWAP Behind Church Massacre |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/nigerian-authorities-say-terror-group-iswap-responsible-for-church-massacre-/6612480.html|work=VOA News |access-date=13 June 2022|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610220024/https://www.voanews.com/a/nigerian-authorities-say-terror-group-iswap-responsible-for-church-massacre-/6612480.html |archive-date=10 June 2022 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Asadu |first=Chinedu |date=7 June 2022 |title=Nigeria church: 38 killed in attack during Sunday service |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/infants-22-worshippers-killed-nigeria-church-attack-85235464|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=13 June 2022|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609125502/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/infants-22-worshippers-killed-nigeria-church-attack-85235464 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2022 |title=Nigeria church attack: What, where and why? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/6/nigeria-church-attack-what-where-and-why|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |access-date=13 June 2022|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606140756/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/6/nigeria-church-attack-what-where-and-why |archive-date=6 June 2022 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹfà wọ́n ròyìn pé MNJTF sọ pé òun pa 805 àwọn jihadi lórí àwọn erékùṣù Lake Chad àti àwọn agbègbè aládùúgbò láàrin ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta àti ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹfà.
Oṣù Kẹjọ rí àwọn àṣeyọrí síwájú sí i lòdì sí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹjọ wọ́n ròyìn pé ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú ológun pa kọmándà Boko Haram Alhaji Modu àti apániláyà 27 mìíràn lórí Mandara Mountain ní agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Gwoza ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military Airstrikes Kill Notorious Boko Haram Leader, Alhaji Modu, 27 Others |date=3 August 2022|url=https://leadership.ng/military-airstrikes-kill-notorious-boko-haram-leader-alhaji-modu-27-others/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹjọ Abdulkarim Faca-Faca, ẹni tí ó wà lára àwọn tí ó gbèrò ìkọlù lórí ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀ Ààrẹ Muhammadu Buhari sí Katsina, ni wọ́n pa pẹ̀lú mẹ́jọ nínú àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 August 2022 |title=NAF Kills Top Terrorists' Leader Who Masterminded Attack on Buhari's Convoy During Salah Holliday |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1484548-naf-kills-top-terrorists-leader-masterminded-attack-buharis-convoy-salah-holliday/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kẹjọ wọ́n ròyìn pé bíbú bọ́ǹbù láti ọwọ́ ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà méjì ti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà, lára wọn olórí apániláyà kan, tí ń ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Kaduna, Alhaji Shanono. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun ológun kan ṣe sọ, wọ́n bá àwọn apániláyà náà lójijì lásìkò ìjà láàrin ISWAP àti Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military Kills Terror Lord 'Shanono' in Kaduna, other Terrorists During Boko Haram-ISWAP Infighting in Borno |date=10 August 2022|url=https://prnigeria.com/2022/08/10/military-kills-terror-lord/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kẹjọ Ọmọ Ogun Chad sọ pé òun pa mẹ́wàá apániláyà Boko Haram lásìkò ìjà ní àyíká Bol ní agbègbè Lake Chad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chadian Troops Kill 10 Boko Haram Terrorists|date=16 August 2022|url=https://humanglemedia.com/chadian-troops-kill-10-boko-haram-terrorists/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ àwọn ọmọ ogun Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà kọ lu ibùgbé olórí ISWAP kan, Fiya Ba Yuram, ní Sambisa forest. Àwọn ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú náà kọ lu àwọn ibi pàtàkì kan ní Tunbuns àti Sambisa, ìròyìn sọ pé ó pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà tí wọ́n sápamọ́ sínú àwọn ibùgbé náà.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military Kill Scores, Destroy ISWAP Leader Fiya Ba Yuram's Camp In Sambisa Raid |date=23 August 2022|url=https://forefrontng.com/military-kill-scores-destroy-iswap-leader-fiya-ba-yurams-camp-in-sambisa-raid/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ wọ́n ròyìn pé wọ́n pa kọmándà apániláyà Uzaifa nínú ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú lórí àwọn ibùgbé ọ̀daràn ní Sambisa Forest àti Tumbuns ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|title=DHQ confirms death of terrorists' commander, Uzaifa, in air strike|date=26 August 2022|url=https://guardian.ng/news/dhq-confirms-death-of-terrorists-commander-uzaifa-in-air-strike/}}</ref> Láàrin ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n àti mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ àwọn ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun Nàìjíríà ròyìn pé wọ́n pa 49 jagunjagun Boko Haram ní àwọn ibùdó ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigerian Fighter Jets Reportedly Kill 49 Boko Haram Fighters In Separate Camps |date=1 September 2022|url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/09/01/nigerian-fighter-jets-reportedly-kill-49-boko-haram-fighters-separate-camps}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹsàn-án 70 àwọn tí wọ́n fura sí pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram rì sínú odò nígbà tí wọ́n ń gbìyànjú láti sá fún bíbú bọ́ǹbù ojú òfuurufú ní abúlé Sheruri, Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram Suffers Heavy Blow, Over 70 Terrorists Drown While Running From Military Fire, 5 Commanders Killed |date=4 September 2022|url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1490018-over-70-boko-haram-terrorists-drown-running-military-fire-borno/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà àti ọkọ̀ òfuurufú pa 200 apániláyà Boko Haram pẹ̀lú kọmándà márùn-ún tí orúkọ wọn ń jẹ́ Abou Hauwa, Amir Shettima, Akura Buri, Abou Zainab àti Abou Idris.<ref>{{cite news|title=Military airstrikes kill five Boko Haram commanders, 195 others in Borno |date=1 September 2022|url= https://guardian.ng/news/military-airstrikes-kill-five-boko-haram-commanders-195-others-in-borno/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlá Oṣù Kẹsàn-án kọmándà Boko Haram gogoro àti olórí àwọn apani, Bashir Bulabuduwaye, juwọ́ sílẹ̀ fún ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{cite news|title= Boko Haram Chief Executioner, Family Surrender To Nigerian Troops|date=17 September 2022|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/boko-haram-chief-executioner-family-surrender-to-nigerian-troops/}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá, [[2022 Chad attack|wọ́n ròyìn pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sójà ló kú nítòsí Lake Chad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=Ten soldiers killed in Boko Haram attack in western Chad |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/jihadists-kill-10-troops-in-chad-attack-4029934 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=The East African |language=en |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917183130/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/jihadists-kill-10-troops-in-chad-attack-4029934 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
=== 2023 ===
Ọdún 2023 parọ́rọ́ díẹ̀, ó rí ìwọ̀nba iṣẹ́ ọlọ̀tẹ̀.
Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹta wọ́n ròyìn pé olórí olùṣe-bọ́ǹbù Boko Haram, Awana Gaidam, kú láti ọwọ́ IED ara rẹ̀.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chief Boko Haram Bomb Maker, Awana Gaidam, Killed By Own IED|date=28 March 2023|url=https://leadership.ng/chief-boko-haram-bomb-maker-awana-gaidam-killed-by-own-ied/}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án wọ́n ròyìn pé ẹgbẹ́ àwọn apániláyà kan ṣe ìpàdé àlàáfíà pẹ̀lú àwọn ènìyàn láti abúlé Fankama ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Katsina.<ref>{{cite news|title=Terrorists hold peace talks with community in Katsina|date=18 September 2023|url=https://www.correctng.com/terrorists-hold-peace-talks-with-community-in-katsina-photos/|access-date=31 December 2025|archivedate=20 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620132520/https://www.correctng.com/terrorists-hold-peace-talks-with-community-in-katsina-photos/|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
[[2023 Yobe State attacks|Ikọlù méjì]] ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n àti mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹwàá ní agbègbè [[Geidam]] ti [[Yobe State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Yobe]] pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 37. Ikọlù àkọ́kọ́ jẹ́ ìyinbọn tí ó pa 17. Ikọlù kejì wáyé pẹ̀lú bọ́ǹbù ilẹ̀, èyí tí ó pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 20 tí wọ́n wà ní ibi ìsìnkú àwọn olùfaragbá ìyinbọn náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Extremists kill 37 villagers in latest attack in Nigeria's hard-hit northeast |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/extremists-kill-37-villagers-latest-attack-nigerias-hard-104558304 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kọkànlá àti ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kọkànlá, ní ''Operation Hadarin Daji'', Agbófinró Ojú Òfuurufú Nàìjíríà ṣe ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkọlù ojú òfuurufú lòdì sí àwọn ibi ìsápamọ́ Boko Haram, wọ́n pa ibùdó méjì run wọ́n sì pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apániláyà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NAF's airstrikes thwart terrorists' regrouping |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nafs-airstrikes-thwart-terrorists-regrouping/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=guardian.ng |date=6 November 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== 2024 ===
Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2024, [[Islamic State]] kéde ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo kan tí wọ́n pè ní "''pa wọ́n níbikíbi tí ẹ bá ti rí wọn''". Ìpolongo yìí wà láti Oṣù Kínní ọjọ́ kìíní títí di Oṣù Kínní ọjọ́ kẹwàá ó sì rí ìlọsókè nínú àwọn ikọlù tí [[Iswap|ISWAP]] sọ pé òun ṣe ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ostaeyen |first=Pieter |date=12 January 2024 |title=The Islamic State published an overview of its attacks worldwide since the start of the campaign |url=https://twitter.com/p_vanostaeyen/status/1749549262206099923 |website=Twitter}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kejì, [[Islamic State – West Africa Province]] pa ọlọ́pàá 4 ní Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ Nganzai ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno. Agbẹnusọ ààbò kan tí ó rí ìpakúpa náà sọ̀rọ̀ lórí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà pé "Díẹ̀ nínú àwọn ọlọ́pàá náà tún ní oríire láti yè nínú ìkọlù àwọn apániláyà náà, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ mẹ́rin tí kò ní oríire náà san owó gọbọoi lásìkò tí wọ́n wà lẹ́nu iṣẹ́". Àwọn apániláyà náà fi agbègbè náà sílẹ̀ kí ológun Nàìjíríà tó lè dé.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbana |first=Rotimi |date=2024-02-03 |title=ISWAP fighters attack Borno police station, kill four cops |url=https://punchng.com/iswap-fighters-attack-borno-police-station-kill-four-cops/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 32 ló kú nínú àwọn ikọlù tí wọ́n rò pé àwọn obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra ló ṣe é ní ìlú Gwoza ní àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suspected female suicide bombers death toll rises to more than 30 in Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrlkj9l443o |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.bbc.com |date=July 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-01 |title=Nigeria weekend suicide bomb attack toll climbs to 32 |url=https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/nigeria-weekend-suicide-bomb-attack-toll-climbs-to-32/news-story/17f93fa709e10c3849c95855ad87a83a? |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=[[News.com.au]] |language=en}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ mọ́kànlélọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Keje, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 19 ló kú nínú ikọlù agbẹ́míra láti ọwọ́ Boko Haram ní ọjà kan ní Konduga, Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Suicide bomber kills many in Borno market |url=https://punchng.com/suicide-bomber-kills-many-in-borno-market/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Punchng |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kẹjọ, àwọn agbébọn tí wọ́n fura sí pé wọ́n jẹ́ ti Boko Haram pa àgbẹ̀ 13 ní Shirore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-22 |title=Suspected Boko Haram Gunmen Kill 13 Farmers In Nigeria |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2024/08/23/boko-haram-kills-farmers-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Thedefensepost.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[Open Doors]] ṣírò pé 4,118 Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì ni wọ́n pa nítorí ìgbàgbọ́ wọn ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2024, iye tí ó ga jùlọ lágbàáyé.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=Nigeria · World Watch List 2025 |url=https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/persecution/countries/nigeria/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Open Doors |language=en}}</ref>
=== 2025 ===
Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2025, obìnrin afibọ́ǹbù-palingbámíra kan tí wọ́n fura sí pa ó kéré jù ènìyàn 12, ó sì ṣe 30 mìíràn léṣe ní ọjà ẹja kan ní alẹ́ Ọjọ́ Ẹtì ní [[Borno state|Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/suspected-suicide-bomber-kills-12-nigerias-borno-state-2025-06-21/ |title=Suspected suicide bomber kills 12 in Nigeria's Borno state |work=Reuters |last1=Kingimi |first1=Ahmed |date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2025 }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025, ènìyàn 63 ló kú, pẹ̀lú [[Nigerian Army|sójà]] méje, tí wọ́n sì ròyìn pé àwọn mìíràn sọnù nínú ikọlù láti ọwọ́ àwọn [[Jihadism|jihadist]] [[Boko Haram]] ní Darul Jamal, [[Borno State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno]], Nàìjíríà.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025 |title=Boko Haram kills dozens in 'house to house' attack in Nigeria's northeast, residents say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/boko-haram-kills-dozens-house-house-attack-nigerias-northeast-residents-say-2025-09-06/ |access-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹsàn-án ọdún 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>
Ní Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025, Boko Haram gba ìlú ààlà Nàìjíríà ti Kirawa ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, wọ́n dáná sun ààfin olórí agbègbè, ibùdó ológun àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé tí wọ́n sì fipá mú kí ènìyàn tó ju 5,000 sálọ sí [[Cameroon–Nigeria border|aládùúgbò Cameroon]]. Àwọn olùgbé ṣàpèjúwe Kirawa gẹ́gẹ́ bí ahoro tí ó sì wà lábẹ́ ìdarí àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀, ikọlù kan tí ó tẹ̀le bí wọ́n ṣe gba àwọn ibùdó ọmọ ogun ní agbègbè náà láìpẹ́ tí ó sì fa ìpè fún àfikún àwọn ológun ní kíákíá.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025 |title=Thousands flee to Cameroon as Boko Haram seizes Nigerian border town |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/thousands-flee-cameroon-boko-haram-seizes-nigerian-border-town-2025-10-03/ |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>
Láàrin ọjọ́ karùn-ún àti kẹjọ Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025, àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram [[Battle of Lake Chad|ṣe ikọlù ojú omi]] lòdì sí àwọn ibùdó [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|ISWAP]] jákèjádò àwọn erékùṣù oríṣiríṣi ní Lake Chad. Hassan Buduma àti Mohd Hassan ló darí àwọn ikọlù náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Onje |first=Ojochenemi |date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025 |title=Boko Haram, ISWAP in fierce battle over Lake Chad Islands |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/boko-haram-iswap-in-fierce-battle-over-lake-chad-islands/ |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> Ìjà náà ti fi ó kéré jù olùkọlù Boko Haram 4 àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ISWAP 200 sílẹ̀ ní òkú.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=TRT Afrika – Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹwàá Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2025 |website=www.trtafrika.com |language=en}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2025, United States [[2025 United States strikes in Nigeria|ṣe ikọlù]] lòdì sí [[Islamic State – West Africa Province|Islamic State]] ní [[North West (Nigeria)|àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn Nàìjíríà]]. Ààrẹ U.S. [[Donald Trump]], sọ pé U.S. kọlù wọ́n láti dáàbò bo àwọn Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì kúrò lọ́wọ́ ohun tí wọ́n rí bíi [[Religious violence in Nigeria|ìwà ipá ẹ̀sìn]] ní àríwá Nàìjíríà, ikọlù U.S. náà jẹ́ ìdásí ológun òkèèrè tààrà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìrúdedò náà.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2025 |title=US launches strike against Islamic State militants in northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/us-launches-strikes-against-islamic-state-militants-northwest-nigeria-trump-says-2025-12-25/}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ mìíràn ==
=== Àwọn okùnfà tó ṣeéṣe ===
Àríwá jẹ́ àpapọ̀ [[Sahelian kingdoms|àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Sahelian]] tí ó ní àṣà Islam tí ó ti fìdí múlẹ̀ dáadáa èyí tí ó ti ṣe èròjà ìdámọ̀ àṣà àti òṣèlú wọn fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Àwọn wọ̀nyí jẹ́ oní-ìjòyè àti a-tẹ̀lé-àṣà-àtijọ́, pẹ̀lú ètò ìpele àti ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ tí ó le koko àti àwọn ẹrú púpọ̀.<ref>Kevin Shillington (2005). ''[[Encyclopedia of African History]]''. Michigan University Press. p. 1401. {{ISBN|1-57958-455-1}}</ref> Síwájú sí i, Àríwá kùnà láti fòfin de oko ẹrú títí di ọdún 1936.<ref>{{cite web|title=The end of slavery|work=The Story of Africa|publisher=BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page56.shtml|access-date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427095408/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page56.shtml|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Ó ṣeéṣe kí ó jẹ́ nítorí àwọn nǹkan ti ilẹ̀-ayé, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ (ṣùgbọ́n kì í ṣe gbogbo) àwọn ẹ̀yà gúúsù, ní pàtàkì àwọn tí ó wà ní etíkun, ti ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn Òyìnbó – èyí yàtọ̀ sí Àríwá, tí ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ilẹ̀ Arab ní pàtàkì tí kì í ṣe Europe. Nítorí ètò [[indirect rule|ìjọba abẹ́lé]], àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìtẹ́lọ́rùn láti máa ní ìbáṣepọ̀ díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn Emir.{{citation needed|date=Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2019}}
Nígbà tí àwọn ọ̀tọ̀kùlú a-tẹ̀lé-àṣà-àtijọ́ ní Àríwá ṣọ́ra fún ẹ̀kọ́ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn,<ref>Dr. Aliyu U. Tilde. [http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm "An in-house Survey into the Cultural Origins of Boko Haram Movement in Nigeria"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226235447/http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm|date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2014}}. Discourse 261, MONDAY DISCOURSE WITH DR. ALIYU U. TILDE. Retrieved Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014.</ref><ref>Will Ross. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27658382 "Nigeria schools walk line between Islamic and Western traditions".] [[Kano, Nigeria]]; Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014. [[BBC News]].</ref><ref>[http://www.megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf "The Etymology of Hausa 'boko'."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427234827/http://www.megatchad.net/publications/Newman-2013-Etymology-of-Hausa-boko.pdf|date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014}} Paul Newman, ọdún 2013. Mega-Chad Research Network / Réseau Méga-Tchad.</ref> àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn ní Gúúsù gbà á tọwọ́tẹsẹ̀—tí wọ́n sábà máa ń rán àwọn ọmọ wọn lọ sí òkè-òkun láti kàwé. Bí àkókò ti ń lọ, divario ìdàgbàsókè àti ẹ̀kọ́ tí ó jọjú dàgbà láàrin Gúúsù àti Àríwá.<ref>{{cite book|author=Martin Meredith|title=The State of Africa: A History of the Continent Since Independence|date=2011|chapter=5. Winds of Change|edition=illustrated|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780857203892|page=77|author-link=Martin Meredith}}</ref> Kódà ní ọdún 2014, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Àríwá ṣì wà lẹ́yìn nínú ìmọ̀-kíkà-àti-kíkọ, lílọ sí ilé-ìwé àti àṣeyọrí nínú ẹ̀kọ́.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16510922#over4 Nigeria: A nation divided. Chart 4: Literacy.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407194119/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16510922#over4 |date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2018}} BBC World News website, Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012; accessed Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014.</ref>
Chris Kwaja, olùkọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga àti olùwádìí ní Nàìjíríà, sọ ní ọdún 2011 pé "àwọn apá ti ẹ̀sìn nínú rògbòdìyàn náà ni wọ́n ti túmọ̀ ní òdì gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí okùnfà ìwà ipá nígbà tí ó jẹ́ pé, ní tòótọ́, yíyọ-lẹ́nu-nínú-ẹ̀tọ́ àti àìdọ́gba ni gbòǹgbò okùnfà náà". Nàìjíríà, ó tọ́ka sí i, ní àwọn òfin tí ó fún àwọn olórí òṣèlú agbègbè ní agbára láti fi ẹ̀rí múlẹ̀ pé ènìyàn jẹ́ 'ọmọ-ìbílẹ̀' (àwọn olùgbé àtètèkọ́ṣe) tàbí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́. Ó pinnu bóyá àwọn ará ìlú le kópa nínú òṣèlú, ni ilẹ̀, gba iṣẹ́, tàbí lọ sí ilé-ìwé. Ètò náà jẹ́ èyí tí wọ́n ń lo ilokulo rẹ̀ púpọ̀ láti rí ìtìlẹ́yìn òṣèlú àti láti yọ àwọn mìíràn sílẹ̀. Àwọn Mùsùlùmí ni wọ́n sábà máa ń kò fún ní ìwé-ẹ̀rí ọmọ-ìbílẹ̀ lọ́nà tí kò bára mu.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nigeria's Pernicious Drivers of Ethno-Religious Conflict|publisher=Africa Center for Strategic Studies |author= Chris Kwaja|date=Oṣù Keje ọdún 2011|issue=14|journal=Africa Security Brief|url=http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/africa-security-brief/asb-14.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303230823/http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/Africa-Security-Brief/ASB-14.pdf|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2013}}</ref>
Olórí ẹgbẹ́ alátako ní Nàìjíríà Buba Galadima sọ ní ọdún 2012 pé: "Ohun tí ó jẹ́ pé ẹgbẹ́ kan tí ó ń ja ogun ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ ni wọ́n ń pè ní apániláyà nínú ìpolongo ìjọba láti lè rí ìrànlọ́wọ́ gbigbogun ti ìpaniláyà láti Ìwọ̀-oòrùn."<ref name="voanews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-harams-rise-in-nigeria-sparks-civil-war-fears-137850723/150975.html |title=Boko Haram's Rise in Nigeria Sparks Civil War Fears |publisher=Voice of America |date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2012 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹfà Oṣù Keje ọdún 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024042946/http://www.voanews.com/content/boko-harams-rise-in-nigeria-sparks-civil-war-fears-137850723/150975.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn ===
{{main|Human rights in Nigeria}}
Rògbòdìyàn náà ti rí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ irúfin ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn láti ọwọ́ àwọn agbófinró Nàìjíríà, nínú ìgbìyànjú láti dènà ìwà ipá náà,<ref>{{cite web |url-status=live |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20111122-military-might-brings-misery-maiduguri |title=Civilians killed in Nigerian military's fight with Boko Haram, claim rights groups |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119075933/http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20111122-military-might-brings-misery-maiduguri |archive-date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlógún Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2015|first1=Rosie|last1= Collyer |orig-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2011|date= Ọjọ́ kẹrinlélógún Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2011 |website=RFI }}</ref> àti pẹ̀lú ìgbàníyànjú wọn fún dídá ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùṣọ́ sílẹ̀ (fún àpẹẹrẹ, [[Civilian Joint Task Force]]).
[[Amnesty International]] fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba Nàìjíríà fún irúfin [[human rights|ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn]] lẹ́yìn tí àwọn afurasi jagunjagun Boko Haram 950 kú ní àwọn ibi àtìmọ́lé tí Joint Task Force ológun Nàìjíríà ń darí ní ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ ọdún 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/nigeria-deaths-hundreds-boko-haram-suspects-custody-requires-investigation-2013-10-15 |title=Nigeria: Deaths of hundreds of Boko Haram suspects in custody requires investigation |publisher=Amnesty International |date=Ọjọ́ kẹ́ẹ̀dógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601172355/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/nigeria-deaths-hundreds-boko-haram-suspects-custody-requires-investigation-2013-10-15 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2016, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Amnesty International ṣe sọ, ó kéré jù ènìyàn 8,000 tí wọ́n wà ní àtìmọ́lé ló ti kú ní àwọn ibi àtìmọ́lé tí àwọn iṣẹ́ ààbò ń darí.<ref>{{cite news|title=Another brutal attack by Boko Haram highlights the weakness of Nigeria's military|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21690136-recent-attack-reflects-badly-military-reforms-boko-back |url-access=subscription |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207213100/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21690136-recent-attack-reflects-badly-military-reforms-boko-back|archive-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Síwájú sí i, wọ́n ti fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba Nàìjíríà fún àìlèṣe àti pípèsè ìròyìn èké nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè tó jìnnà.
Boko Haram ti jí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọmọdé gbé ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà. Èyí ti yọrí sí kí àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram máa hùwà ibi sí wọn nípa ti ara, ti ọpọlọ àti ti ìbálòpọ̀, tí wọ́n ń lò wọ́n, tí wọ́n sì ń tà wọ́n gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Sexual slavery|ẹrú ìbálòpọ̀]] àti/tàbí ìyàwó [[forced marriage|ìgbéyàwó tipátipá]] pẹ̀lú àwọn jagunjagun wọn.<ref>"[http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/155894-group-asks-nigerian-government-to-rescue-20-kidnapped-female-students-in-borno.html Group asks Nigerian government to rescue 20 'kidnapped' female students in Borno]". ''Premium Times Nigeria''; Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2014. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212849/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/155894-group-asks-nigerian-government-to-rescue-20-kidnapped-female-students-in-borno.html |date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014}}.</ref> – àpẹẹrẹ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ ni [[Chibok kidnapping|ìjígbé Chibok]] ní ọdún 2014. Ní àfikún sí jíjí ọmọdé gbé fi ṣe ìyàwó, [[Human Rights Watch]] ti sọ pé Boko Haram ń lo àwọn ọmọ sójà.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/nigeria-boko-haram-uses-child-soldiers-201311291435525502.html |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram 'uses child soldiers' – Africa |publisher=Al Jazeera |work=English |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701114411/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/nigeria-boko-haram-uses-child-soldiers-201311291435525502.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí orísun aláìlórúkọ kan tí ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí ìjíròrò àlàáfíà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣe sọ, tó 40 ìdá ọgọ́rùn-ún àwọn jagunjagun nínú ẹgbẹ́ náà ni wọ́n jẹ́ ọmọdé sójà.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/news/boko-haram-terrorist-group-has-60-000-fighters-report-id3275661.html|title=Boko Haram: Terrorist Group Has 60,000 Fighters – Report|first='Jola|last=Sotubo|access-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502064906/http://www.pulse.ng/news/boko-haram-terrorist-group-has-60-000-fighters-report-id3275661.html|archive-date=Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ náà ti fipá yí àwọn tí kì í ṣe Mùsùlùmí padà sí Islam,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://africajournalismtheworld.com/2013/11/17/nigeria-reports-of-forced-conversion-and-marriage-of-christians-by-boko-haram/ |title=Nigeria – reports of forced conversion and marriage of Christians by Boko Haram | Africa – News and Analysis |publisher=Africajournalismtheworld.com |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2013 |access-date=Ọjọ́ karùn-ún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021141448/http://africajournalismtheworld.com/2013/11/17/nigeria-reports-of-forced-conversion-and-marriage-of-christians-by-boko-haram/ |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2014 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún mọ̀ wọ́n fúní fífún àwọn tí kì í ṣe [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]] ní iṣẹ́ agbẹ́míra.<ref name=genesis>{{cite web|url=http://talkofnaija.com/news_details.aspx?NewsId=E0796209-C035-41CD-8195-40888ACA709B |title=Genesis, Training And Changing Tactics of Boko Haram Revealed |website=Talkofnaija.com |date=Ọjọ́ mọ́kàndínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kínní ọdún 1970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701201334/http://talkofnaija.com/news_details.aspx?NewsId=E0796209-C035-41CD-8195-40888ACA709B |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2012}}</ref>
=== Ìtúnṣe fún àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ ===
Cameroon ti gbero láti kọ́ àwọn ilé ìtúnṣe fún àwọn jagunjagun Boko Haram èyí tí wọ́n lérò pé yóò kọ́ wọn ní àwọn iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ tí ó wúlò láti rí iṣẹ́, àti láti yí wọn padà kúrò nínú ìwà agbawèrè. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, títí di Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019, wọn kò tíì kọ́ irú àwọn ilé bẹ́ẹ̀ nítorí àìsí owó.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-yet-to-build-planned-rehab-centers-for-ex-boko-haram-fighters/4791847.html |title=Cameroon Yet to Build Planned Rehab Centers for ex-Boko Haram Fighters |author=Moki Edwin Kindzeka |work=Voice of America |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013317/https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-yet-to-build-planned-rehab-centers-for-ex-boko-haram-fighters/4791847.html |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní Nàìjíríà, àwọn olùfaragbá àti àwọn àwùjọ tí ó kàn fi ẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba pé wọ́n mú àwọn ọ̀daràn ṣe pàtàkì ju àwọn tí wọ́n yege nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tí wọ́n mú ti gba inú ètò yíyípadà kúrò nínú ìwà agbawèrè, ìtọ́sọ́nà tuntun àti ìpadàsí àwùjọ (DRR) ti ìjọba kọjá. Fún àpẹẹrẹ ní Oṣù Kẹta àti Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2025 ní tẹ̀lé-in-tẹ̀lé, 600 àti 390 "àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Boko Haram tí wọ́n ronúpìwàdà" ni wọ́n kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ yege ní gbangba lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gba inú ètò oṣù 6 sí 12 kọjá títí kan ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ níbi tí wọ́n ti gba owó àti àwọn ohun èlò ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ fún iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n yàn. Díẹ̀ nínú wọn ni wọ́n ti gba síṣẹ́ sínú àwọn iṣẹ́ ààbò. Lásìkò yìí, kò sí àyẹ̀wò tí ó dúró sán-in fún ìgbà pípẹ́ lórí bí àwọn ètò yìí ṣe munadoko tó tí ó wà. Ìyèméjì wà nínú òtítọ́ inú àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ náà àti ìbẹ̀rù pé wọ́n lè máa ṣiṣẹ́ bíi amí tàbí kí wọ́n padà sí ìwà ọlọ̀tẹ̀, pàápàá jùlọ tí wọ́n bá tún di ẹni tí kò ni ìtẹ́lọ́rùn, ẹni tí kò fẹ́ràn tàbí ẹni tí wọ́n yà sọ́tọ̀.<ref>https://theconversation.com/nigerias-boko-haram-rehabilitation-efforts-ignore-the-emotional-trauma-of-soldiers-why-this-matters-267023</ref>
Èyí ṣì jẹ́ ìṣòro ńlá tí àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ ń dojúkọ bí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àti ará ìlú ṣe sábà máa ń fura sí àwọn jagunjagun tẹ́lẹ̀ náà pé wọ́n ṣì ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ wọ́n sì jẹ́ ewu fún ààbò. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde, àwùjọ máa ń ya àwọn ọlọ̀tẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ náà sọ́tọ̀, èyí tí ó tún ń mú kí ewu kí wọ́n padà darapọ̀ mọ́ ìrúdedò náà pọ̀ sí i.
<ref>https://nannews.ng/2025/04/17/390-ex-insurgents-graduate-from-de-radicalisation-programme-in-gombe/?utm_source{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://theconversation.com/nigerias-boko-haram-rehabilitation-efforts-ignore-the-emotional-trauma-of-soldiers-why-this-matters-267023</ref>
=== Ìbúgbàù àrùn onígbá-méjì ===
Ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2024, [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control]] (NCDC) kéde àpapọ̀ 1,141 àwọn tí wọ́n fura sí àti 65 àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ àrùn onígbá-méjì tí a fidi rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ikú 30 láti Agbègbè Ìjọba Ìbílẹ̀ 96 (LGAs) ní ìpínlẹ̀ 30 ti orílẹ̀-èdè náà.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ileyemi |first=Mariam |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2024 |title=As cholera ravages Lagos, other Nigerian states, here is what you need to know |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/704795-as-cholera-ravages-lagos-other-nigerian-states-here-is-what-you-need-to-know.html |access-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2024 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en}}</ref>
== Àyíká ti kárí-ayé ==
{{main|Ogun lòdì sí ìpaniláyà}}
A lè rí ìrúdedò náà nínú àyíká àwọn rògbòdìyàn mìíràn tí ó wà nítòsí, fún àpẹẹrẹ ní Àríwá Mali. Ìdarí Boko Haram ní ìbáṣepọ̀ kárí-ayé pẹ̀lú [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]], [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]], [[Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa]] (MUJAO), ẹgbẹ́ [[Mokhtar Belmokhtar]], àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ jagunjagun mìíràn ní òde Nàìjíríà.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27529566 "UN committee imposes sanctions on Nigeria's Boko Haram".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222215935/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27529566 |date=Ọjọ́ kejìlélógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2018}} BBC News online, Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014. Last updated at 15:59 GMT.</ref> Ní ọdún 2014, [[President of Nigeria|Ààrẹ Nàìjíríà]], Goodluck Jonathan tilẹ̀ sọ dé ibi tí ó ti pe Boko Haram ní "al-Qaeda ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/west-s-help-fuels-boko-haram-s-jihad-1.1693066#.U44U7zBxRX8 |title=West's help fuels Boko Haram's jihad – The Star |publisher=IOL.co.za |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrin Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701162537/http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/west-s-help-fuels-boko-haram-s-jihad-1.1693066#.U44U7zBxRX8 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kìíní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nígbà tí ó fi di ọdún 2012, àwọn ikọlù láti ọwọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Islamist Nàìjíríà lórí àwọn àfojúsùn tí ó kọjá ààlà Nàìjíríà ṣì kéré,<ref>Walker, Andrew (June 2012). [http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR308.pdf "What is Boko Haram?" (PDF)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809045134/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR308.pdf |date=Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2014}}. US Institute of Peace. Retrieved Ọjọ́ kejì Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2013.</ref> kò sì yẹ kí á da èyí pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn iṣẹ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ mìíràn (fún àpẹẹrẹ, ojúṣe AQIM fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ikọlù ní Niger). Pẹ̀lú èyí, ìbẹ̀rù wà pé rògbòdìyàn náà lè tàn dé àwọn aládùúgbò Nàìjíríà, pàápàá jùlọ Cameroon, níbi tí ó ti wà ní ìwọ̀nba títí di ọdún 2014, tí ó sì wá le sí i lẹ́yìn náà. Ó tún yẹ kí á ṣàkíyèsí pé àwọn jagunjagun wà láti orílẹ̀-èdè aládùúgbò Chad àti Niger.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8174399.stm Captives freed in Nigerian city] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828135815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8174399.stm |date=Ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2014}}, BBC News online, 2009-Jul-29.</ref> Ní ọdún 2015, Boko Haram búra pé àwọn wà lábẹ́ ìdarí [[Islamic State|IS]].<ref name="Boko Haram joins ISIL"/>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014, àwọn ààrẹ Benin, Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria àti Niger ṣe ìpàdé ní Paris wọ́n sì gbà láti gbógun ti Boko Haram pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀, ní pípín iṣẹ́ ìṣọ́ àti kíkó ọ̀rọ̀ àṣírí jọ. Goodluck Jonathan<ref>[http://kuramonews.com/?p=8616 Jonathan declares "total war" on Boko Haram] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107072426/http://kuramonews.com/?p=8616 |date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2014}} |Kuramo News, Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014.</ref> àti [[President of Chad|ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ti Chad]], [[Idriss Deby]]<ref name="yahoo"/> ti kéde ogun látòkè-délẹ̀ lórí Boko Haram. Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, pẹ̀lú Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, France, Israel, àti United States náà ti ṣe ìlérí àtìlẹ́yìn pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ àti ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́.<ref>[http://www.nigeriannews.net/index.php/sid/222083321/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Boko-Haram-to-be-fought-on-all-sides "Boko Haram to be fought on all sides".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730212659/http://www.nigeriannews.net/index.php/sid/222083321/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Boko-Haram-to-be-fought-on-all-sides |date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Keje ọdún 2014}} Nigerian News.Net. Retrieved Ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014.</ref><ref>[http://jcpa.org/article/boko-haram-and-the-future-of-nigeria/ Boko Haram and the Future of Nigeria] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630111309/http://jcpa.org/article/boko-haram-and-the-future-of-nigeria/ |date=Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2014}}, by Dr. Jacques Neriah Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' ròyìn ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2015 pé ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún [[Private military company|àwọn alágbàṣe ológun aládàáni]] láti Gúúsù Áfíríkà àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ń kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìpolongo ogun Nàìjíríà, wọ́n ń wa àwọn ọkọ̀ òfuurufú ogun àti àwọn ọkọ̀ eléwu àti pé wọ́n ń ṣèrànwọ́ nínú sísètò àwọn iṣẹ́ ológun.<ref name="mercenaries"/>
== Wo bákan náà ==
{{Portal|Nàìjíríà|Kìrìsìtẹ́ẹ́nì|Islam}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)]]
* [[Boko Haram]]
* [[Islamic State – West Africa Province]]
* [[Timeline of the Boko Haram insurgency]]
* [[Religious violence in Nigeria]]
* [[Christianity and Islam]]
* [[Christianity in Africa]]
* [[Islam in Africa]]
* [[Christianity in Nigeria]]
* [[Islam in Nigeria]]
* [[Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria]]
* [[List of massacres in Nigeria]]
* [[Central African Republic Civil War]]
* [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)]]
* [[Islamist insurgency in the Sahel]]
* [[Insurgency in Cabo Delgado]]
* [[Northern Mali conflict]]
* [[Sinai insurgency]]
* [[Somali Civil War]]
* [[List of conflicts in Africa]]
* [[List of designated terrorist groups]]
* [[List of Islamist terrorist attacks]]
* [[List of modern conflicts in the Middle East]]
* [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]]
* [[Islam and violence]]
* [[Islamic fundamentalism]]
* [[Islamism]]
* [[Islamic terrorism]]
* [[Religious terrorism]]
* [[Religious violence]]
{{div col end}}
== Àwọn àkíyèsí ==
{{notelist}}
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{reflist|30em}}
=== Àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a tọ́ka sí ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2019/01/CTC-SENTINEL-082018-final.pdf |title=The Islamic State in Africa: Estimating Fighter Numbers in Cells Across the Continent |last1=Warner |first1=Jason |last2=Hulme |first2=Charlotte |date=2018 |journal=CTC Sentinel |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |issue=7 |volume=11 |location=[[West Point, New York]] |pages=21–28 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrinlá Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2020 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹjọ Oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808191724/https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2019/01/CTC-SENTINEL-082018-final.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808191724/https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2019/01/CTC-SENTINEL-082018-final.pdf |deadurl=yes }}
*{{aut|Johannes Harnischfeger}}, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ftfXThvfQHkC Democratization and Islamic Law: The Sharia Conflict in Nigeria]'' (Frankfurt am Main 2008). Campus Verlag. {{ISBN|3593382563}}
*{{cite web |title="13. Sharia and national law in Nigeria", in: ''Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present'' |url=http://www.lup.nl/do.php?a=process_visitor_download&editorial_id=1562 |author1=Philip Ostien |author2=Albert Dekker |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Leiden University Press |pages=553–612 (3–62) |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020031048/http://www.lup.nl/do.php?a=process_visitor_download&editorial_id=1562 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2014 }}
*{{cite book|title=This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780813340456|url-access=registration|author=Karl Maier|edition=illustrated, reprint|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=9780813340456|year=2002}}
*{{cite book |author= |title=Threat Tactics Report: Boko Haram (TRADOC G-2) |url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf |date=2015 |publisher=[[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command]] |location=Fort Eustis |ref={{sfnref|TRADOC G-2|2015}} }}
*{{cite journal |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west-africa/nigeria/216-curbing-violence-in-nigeria-ii-the-boko-haram-insurgency.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117095404/https://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west-africa/nigeria/216-curbing-violence-in-nigeria-ii-the-boko-haram-insurgency.pdf |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kẹtadilogun Oṣù Kínní ọdún 2016 |title=Curbing Violence in Nigeria (II): The Boko Haram Insurgency |date=Ọjọ́ kẹta Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2014 |journal=Africa Report |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]] |issue=216 |location=[[Brussels]] |ref={{harvid|ICG|2014}} }}
*{{cite journal |url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/244-watchmen-of-lake-chad-vigilante-groups-fighting-boko-haram.pdf |title=Watchmen of Lake Chad: Vigilante Groups Fighting Boko Haram |date=Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2018 |journal=Africa Report |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]] |issue=244 |location=[[Brussels]] |ref={{harvid|ICG|2018}} |access-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún Oṣù Keje ọdún 2018 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ kọkànlá Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012721/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/244-watchmen-of-lake-chad-vigilante-groups-fighting-boko-haram.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=11 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311012721/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/244-watchmen-of-lake-chad-vigilante-groups-fighting-boko-haram.pdf |deadurl=yes }}
* {{cite journal |url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CTC-SENTINEL-112020.pdf |title=Outlasting the Caliphate: The Evolution of the Islamic State Threat in Africa |last1=Warner |first1=Jason |last2=O'Farrell |first2=Ryan |last3=Nsaibia |first3=Héni |last4=Cummings |first4=Ryan |date=2020 |journal=CTC Sentinel |publisher=[[Combating Terrorism Center]] |issue=11 |volume=13 |location=[[West Point, New York]] |pages=18–33 |access-date=Ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún Oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2020 |archive-date=Ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207021705/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/CTC-SENTINEL-112020.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite journal |url=https://jamestown.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/TM-Mar.-20-2020-Issue.pdf?x78547 |title=Islamic State in West Africa Province and the Battle With Boko Haram |last=Zenn |first=Jacob |date=Ọjọ́ ogún Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2020 |journal=Terrorism Monitor |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |issue=6 |volume=18 |pages=6–8 }}
{{refend}}
== Ìwé kíkà síwájú sí i ==
* Comolli, Virginia. ''Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency'' (Hurst, 2018) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=56689 online review]
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ìta ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150515164038/http://midwestdiplomacy.com/2015/04/23/boko-haram-fighting-for-their-last-territorial-stronghold/ Boko Haram Fighting for their Last Territorial Stronghold], Ọjọ́ kẹtalélógún Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2015
* Blench, R. M., Daniel, P. & Hassan, Umaru (2003): ''Access rights and conflict over common pool resources in three states in Nigeria.'' Report to Conflict Resolution Unit, World Bank ([http://www.rogerblench.info/Conflict/Jos%20section%20only.pdf extracted section on Jos Plateau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609163809/http://www.rogerblench.info/Conflict/Jos%20section%20only.pdf |date=9 June 2019 }})
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140605195659/http://www.punchng.com/opinion/understanding-the-islamist-insurgency-in-nigeria/ Understanding the Islamist insurgency in Nigeria], Ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2014 by Kirthi Jayakumar.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171012032629/http://www.victornwankpa.com/2014/11/muslims-should-unite-to-fight-boko.html/ Muslims should unite to fight Boko Haram Insurgency – Sultan], Ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 2014
{{Nigeria topics}}
{{Ongoing military conflicts}}
{{Post-Cold War African conflicts}}
{{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}
{{American conflicts}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boko Haram insurgency}}
[[Category:Boko Haram insurgency| ]]
[[Category:Islamist conflict in Nigeria| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Sharia in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria]]
[[Category:Religion-based civil wars]]
[[Category:Civil wars in Cameroon]]
[[Category:Civil wars in Chad]]
[[Category:Civil wars in Niger]]
[[Category:Civil wars in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Wars involving the United States]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2009]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2010]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2011]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2012]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2013]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2014]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2015]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2016]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2017]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2018]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2019]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2020]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2021]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2022]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2023]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2024]]
[[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Rebellions in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Insurgencies in Africa]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Islamist insurgency in the Sahel]]
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Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́
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NigerianScribe
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwòrán
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn Ìpa Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ Lórí Àwọn Ènìyàn'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn àwòrán
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ sí Yorùbá àti ṣíṣàfikún àwọn ìtọ́kasí
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[[Fáìlì:Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún àádọ́ta sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Agbègbè Arctic ti ní ìgbóná tó pọ̀ jù lọ, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru lórí ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n tó ga ju ti ojú omi òkun lọ.]]
[[Fáìlì:Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n ooru afẹ́fẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn agbára àdánidá máa ń fa àwọn ìyípadà kan nínú ojú-ọjọ́, ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tí kò dáwọ́ dúró fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní ipa tó pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref><ref>Sources for data and graphic:
* Annual global mean surface temperature data from: {{cite web |title=Global temperature / Get the data / Global mean temperature / NOAAGlobalTemp / Download as CSV |url=https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html |publisher=Met Office (UK) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118194423/https://climate.metoffice.cloud/temperature.html#datasets |archive-date=18 January 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}
* Natural driver graphic is at: {{cite web |title=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report / Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis / Figures: Summary for Policymakers / Figure SPM.1(b) |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113075155/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/summary-for-policymakers/ |archive-date=13 January 2026 |url-status=live}} Click on "Datasets".
* Natural driver dataset is downloadable by clicking on "gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv" at: {{cite web |title= Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20221116) |url=https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216201927/https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/spm/spm_01/v20221116/panel_b |archive-date=16 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lónìí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná ayé—ìyẹn ìlọsíwájú tí ń bá a lọ nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé—àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ tó gbòòrò lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé. Ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ìyípadà pípẹ́ tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní ní àwọn àkókò tó ti kọjá. Ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé ní àkókò òde òní jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní pàtàkì, pàápàá jùlọ lílo àwọn epo àpáta bíi kóòlù, epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |doi-access=free }}</ref> Lílo àwọn epo àpáta wọ̀nyí, pípá igbó run, àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ ń tú àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń gba apá kan nínú ooru tí ilẹ̀ ayé ń tú padà lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gba ooru láti ọ̀dọ̀ oòrùn, èyí sì ń mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná sí i. Ní báyìí, iye carbon dioxide nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí àádọ́ta nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún (50%) ju bí ó ṣe rí ní òpin àkókò ṣáájú ìgbà ìṣè-iṣẹ́ lọ. Carbon dioxide ni gáàsì pàtàkì jù lọ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé, àti pé iye rẹ̀ ti dé ìwọ̀n tí a kò tíì rí fún ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń ní ipa tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí àyíká. Ìgbì ooru gbígbóná gan-an àti iná igbó ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> Ìlọsíwájú ìgbóná ní agbègbè Arctic ti kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ permafrost, ìdínkù àwọn yìnyín òkè ńlá (glaciers), àti ìdínkù yìnyín ojú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga sí i tún ń fa ìjì líle tó pọ̀ sí i, ọ̀dá, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le koko míì.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> Ìyípadà àyíká tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá ní àwọn agbègbè òkè ńlá, àwọn ibi àpáta iyùn inú òkun (coral reefs), àti agbègbè Arctic ń fipá mú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè láti ṣílọ sí ibi mìíràn tàbí kí wọ́n parun pátápátá.<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìsapá láti dín ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú kù bá ṣàṣeyọrí, díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ yóò tẹ̀síwájú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Ìwọ̀nyí ní ìgbóná omi òkun, ìmúra omi òkun di àsídì (ocean acidification), àti ìlọsíwájú nínú ìpele omi òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref>
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu nípasẹ̀ ìkún-omi tó pọ̀ sí i, ooru tó le koko, àìní oúnjẹ àti omi, àrùn tó pọ̀ sí i, àti àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> Ìṣíkiri ènìyàn láti ibìkan sí ibòmíràn àti ìjàmbá tàbí rogbodiyan lè jẹ́ àbájáde rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú.<ref>
*{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}}
*{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization, WHO) ka ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ ènìyàn àti àwọn ètò àyíká alààyè (ecosystems) yóò dojú kọ ewu tó le koko sí i bí a kò bá gbé ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìgbóná ayé kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> Ìmúra sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìlànà bí ìṣàkóso ìkún-omi tàbí gbíngbin irúgbìn tó lè fara da ọ̀dá lè dín àwọn ewu ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù díẹ̀, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ààlà kan sí agbára ìmúra yìí ti dé tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness<sup>15</sup> of adaptation in reducing climate risks<sup>16</sup> is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> Àwọn àwùjọ tó jẹ́ aláìlówó ni wọ́n ń dá ìpín kékeré nínú àwọn ìtújáde gaasi àgbáyé sílẹ̀, síbẹ̀ wọn ni agbára tó kéré jù lọ láti fara da àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì jẹ́ àwọn tó wà nínú ewu jù lọ.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 300
| image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg
| alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020
| caption1 = Bobcat Fire ní Monrovia, California, ní ọjọ́ 10 Oṣù Kẹsán, 2020.
| image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg
| alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral
| caption2 = Àkójọpọ̀ Acropora coral tí ó ti funfun.
| image3 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg
| alt3 = Adágún gbígbẹ ní California, tí ó ń dojú kọ ọ̀dá tó burú jù lọ ní ọdún 1,200 sẹ́yìn.
| caption3 = Adágún tí ó gbẹ ní California nítorí ọ̀dá tó le koko.
| footer = Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ díẹ̀ lára ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́: iná igbó tí ooru àti ọ̀dá ti mú le koko sí i, fífúnfun coral tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìgbóná omi òkun, àti ọ̀dá tó ń buru sí i tí ń ba ìpèsè omi jẹ.}}
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni a ti ṣàkíyèsí ní àwọn ọdún àkọ́kọ́ ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún. Ní ọdún 2024, ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé dé ibi tó ga jù lọ nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀, ní +1.60 °C (2.88 °F), láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àyẹ̀wò rẹ̀ ní ìlànà ní ọdún 1850.<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> Ìlọsíwájú sí i nínú ìgbóná ayé yóò mú kí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì lè fa àwọn àyípadà pàtàkì tí ó ṣòro láti yí padà, bíi yíyọ gbogbo yìnyín tó bo Greenland.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> Lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris ti ọdún 2015, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè fohùn ṣọ̀kan láti dènà ìgbóná ayé kí ó má bàa dé 2 °C. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlérí tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ṣe lábẹ́ àdéhùn náà, a ń retí pé ìgbóná ayé yóò ṣì dé nǹkan bí 2.8 °C (5.0 °F) ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí.<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref>
Ìtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ wà káàkiri ayé fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti kojú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti dá ìtújáde carbon dioxide dúró.<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> A lè dín lílo àwọn epo àpáta kù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípa píparí ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó tí a ń fún wọn, fífi agbára pamọ́, àti yíyí padà sí àwọn orísun agbára tí kò ń fa ìdọ̀tí carbon púpọ̀. Àwọn orísun agbára wọ̀nyí ní agbára ẹ̀fúùfù, agbára oòrùn, agbára omi, àti agbára ọ̀gbálẹ̀gbáradá (nuclear power).<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> Iná mànàmáná tí a ṣe láì fa ìdọ̀tí púpọ̀ lè rọ́pò àwọn epo àpáta fún ìrìnàjò ọkọ̀, fífún ilé ní ooru, àti ṣíṣe àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> A tún lè yọ carbon kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́, bí àpẹẹrẹ nípa fífi igbó sí i àti lílo àwọn ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó ń tọ́jú carbon sínú ilẹ̀.<ref>
* {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}}
* {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ imọ̀ ==
Ṣáájú ọdún 1980, kò tíì yé àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì dáadáa bóyá ipa ìgbóná tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó pọ̀ sí i ń fa lágbára ju ipa ìtútù tí àwọn patíkù (particulates) inú afẹ́fẹ́ tí ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ń ṣẹ̀dá lọ. Ní àkókò náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ inadvertent climate modification láti tọ́ka sí ipa tí iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ní lórí ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Conway 2008">{{harvnb|NASA, 5 December|2008}}.</ref> Ní ọdún 1980s, àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ global warming àti climate change bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n sì máa ń lò wọ́n pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ tó jọra ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 7 July|2020}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Shaftel|2016}}: "{{thinsp}}'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Associated Press, 22 September|2015}}: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level".</ref> Ní ìtumọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, global warming ń tọ́ka sí ìlọsíwájú nínú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé lórí ilẹ̀ ayé nìkan, nígbà tí climate change ń ṣàpèjúwe mejeeji, ìyẹn ìgbóná ayé àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀ lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé, bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú ojò rírò.<ref name="Conway 2008"/>
A tún lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ní ìtumọ̀ tó gbòòrò sí i láti kà gbogbo àwọn ìyípadà tí ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti ní láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde àwọn ìlànà àdánidá.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use."</ref> Ọ̀rọ̀ anthropogenic climate change sì máa ń jẹ́ lílò láti ṣàpèjúwe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde iṣẹ́ àti ìṣe ènìyàn.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Annex VII: Glossary |date=2023 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=2215–2256 |editor-last=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2021-the-physical-science-basis/annex-vii-glossary/058768DADC00B52E2ED3381D0259B4E0 |access-date=2026-01-22 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.022 |isbn=978-1-009-15788-9}}</ref>
Ọ̀rọ̀ global warming—tí wọ́n ti ń lò láti ọdún 1975<ref name="Science_Broecker_19750808">{{cite journal |last1=Broecker |first1=Wallace S. |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=8 August 1975 |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |jstor=1740491 |pmid=17781884 |bibcode=1975Sci...189..460B }}</ref>—di ọ̀rọ̀ tí ó gbajúmọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn tí onímọ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ NASA, James Hansen, lò ó nínú ẹ̀rí tí ó fi fún Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà (U.S. Senate) ní ọdún 1988.<ref name="history.aip.org2">{{harvnb|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}}, [http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575 "News reporters gave only a little attention ..."].</ref> Láti ọdún 2000s síwájú, lílo ọ̀rọ̀ climate change ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Joo|Kim|Do|Lineman|2015}}.</ref> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn olóṣèlú àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn kan lè lo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ bíi climate crisis tàbí climate emergency láti tọ́ka sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì lè lo ọ̀rọ̀ global heating dípò global warming.<ref>{{harvnb|Hodder|Martin|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February|2020}}</ref>
== Ìlọsíwájú nínú Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé ==
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Ṣáájú Ìgbóná Ayé Òde Òní ===
[[File:Common Era Temperature.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Àtúnbò ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2,000 tó kọjá, tí a ṣe nípa lílo àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò (proxy data) láti inú ìyíká ọdún igi, àwọn coral, àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores), ni a fi awọ aláwọ̀ búlúù hàn.<ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Barboza|Erb|Shi|2019b}}.</ref> Àwọn dátà tí a ṣàkíyèsí tààrà ni a fi awọ pupa hàn.<ref name="nasa temperatures">{{cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>]]
Láàárín àwọn mílíọ̀nù ọdún tó kọjá, ojú-ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ ayé ti máa ń yí padà láàárín àwọn àkókò yìnyín púpọ̀ (ice ages) àti àwọn àkókò gbígbóná sí i. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn àkókò tó gbóná jù lọ ni Last Interglacial, ní nǹkan bí ọdún 125,000 sẹ́yìn, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n ooru wà láàárín 0.5 °C sí 1.5 °C lókè ìwọ̀n ooru tó wà ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbóná ayé òde òní.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|pp=294, 296}} Ní àkókò yẹn, ìpele omi òkun ga ju ti òní lọ ní nǹkan bí mítà márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá. Àkókò yìnyín tó gbẹ̀yìn jù lọ (Last Glacial Maximum), tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 20,000 sẹ́yìn, tútù ju òní lọ ní nǹkan bí 5 sí 7 °C. Ní àkókò náà, ìpele omi òkun kere ju ti òní lọ ní ju mítà 125 (ẹsẹ̀ 410) lọ.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=366}}
Ìwọ̀n ooru dúró ní ìpele tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ yí padà díẹ̀ ní àkókò interglacial tó wà lónìí, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọdún 11,700 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcott |first1=S. A. |last2=Shakun |first2=J. D. |last3=Clark |first3=P. U. |last4=Mix |first4=A. C. |title=A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |year=2013 |volume=339 |issue=6124 |pages=1198–1201 |doi=10.1126/science.1228026|pmid=23471405 |bibcode=2013Sci...339.1198M }}</ref> Àkókò yìí tún jẹ́ ìgbà tí iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021|p=296}} Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìgbóná àti ìtútù ojú-ọjọ́ nínú ìtàn, bíi Medieval Warm Period àti Little Ice Age, kò ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kan náà ní gbogbo agbègbè ayé. Ní àwọn agbègbè kan ṣoṣo, ìwọ̀n ooru lè ti dé ìpele tó ga bíi ti ìkẹyìn ọ̀rúndún ogún.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013|p=386}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Neukom|Steiger|Gómez-Navarro|Wang|2019a}}</ref> Àlàyé nípa ojú-ọjọ́ àkókò yẹn ni a rí láti inú àwọn ẹ̀rí àròpò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate proxies), bíi àwọn igi àti àwọn àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín inú ilẹ̀ (ice cores).<ref name="SR15 Ch1 p57">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=57}}: "This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Hawkins|Ortega|Suckling|Schurer|2017|p=1844}}</ref>
=== Ìgbóná Ayé Láti Ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ===
[[File:1951- Percent of record temperatures that are cold or warm records.svg|thumb|upright=1.35| Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga tuntun ti kọjá lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ooru tó kéré tuntun, ní apá tó ń pọ̀ sí i lórí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé.<ref name=NOAA_July>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for September from 1951–2023 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |website=NCEI.NOAA.gov |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014030010/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202309/supplemental/page-3 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |date=September 2023 |url-status=live}} (change "202309" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 09=September)</ref>]]
[[File:1955- Ocean heat content - NOAA.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |Ìwọ̀n ooru inú òkun ti pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, nítorí pé àwọn òkun ló ń gba ju 90% nínú ooru tí ìgbóná ayé ń dá sílẹ̀.<ref name=NOAA_NASA_OHC_1957_>''Top 700 meters:'' {{cite web |last1=Lindsey |first1=Rebecca |last2=Dahlman |first2=Luann |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |website=climate.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231029171303/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=29 October 2023 |date=6 September 2023 }} ● ''Top 2000 meters:'' {{cite web |title=Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |website=NASA.gov |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020033606/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ocean-warming/ |archive-date=20 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1850, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ thermometer bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pèsè ìtàn ìwọ̀n ooru tí ó kún dé àgbáyé.<ref name="AR5 WG1 SPM p4-5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013|pp=4–5}}: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist."</ref> Láàárín ọ̀rúndún Ìkejìdínlógún sí ọdún 1970, kò sí ìgbóná neti tó pọ̀, nítorí pé ipa ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa ni a dá lóró pẹ̀lú ipa ìtútù tí ìtújáde sulfur dioxide ń fa. Sulfur dioxide máa ń fa òjò asídì (acid rain), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń dá àwọn patíkù sulfate (sulfate aerosols) sílẹ̀ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi díẹ̀ nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn padà sí òfurufú, tí ó sì ń fa ìdínkù ìgbóná ayé fún àkókò kan (global dimming). Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1970, ìkójọpọ̀ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i àti ìdènà ìdọ̀tí sulfur mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i kedere.<ref name="NASA2007">{{cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=Global 'Sunscreen' Has Likely Thinned, Report NASA Scientists |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2026 |archivedate=22 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222142212/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/aerosol_dimming.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Quaas2022" />
[[Fáìlì:1880- Global surface temperature - heat map animation - NASA SVS.webm|thumb|Àwòrán ìrìnàjò (animation) NASA tí ń fi ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn láti ọdún 1880. Àwọ̀ búlúù ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó tutù, nígbà tí àwọ̀ pupa ń tọ́ka sí ìwọ̀n ooru tó gbóná. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìtókasí, ìwọ̀n ooru àárín ọdún 1951 sí 1980 ni a lo gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfihàn ìfiwéra.]]
Àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí kò tíì ní àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ní ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún tó kọjá.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=43}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀ dataset fi hàn pé ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé, ní ìyára tó tó 0.2 °C fún ọ̀rúndún kọọkan.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=81}}.</ref> Ọdún mẹ́wàá 2014 sí 2023 gbóná dé ìpele àárín 1.19 °C [1.06–1.30 °C] ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ìṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (1850–1900).<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}</ref> Kì í ṣe gbogbo ọdún ló máa ń gbóná ju ti ọdún tó ṣáájú lọ: ìlànà ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ inú (internal climate variability) lè mú kí ọdún kan gbóná tàbí tutù nípa tó tó 0.2 °C ju àárín lọ.<ref name="Samset2020">{{cite journal |last1=Samset |first1=B. H. |last2=Fuglestvedt |first2=J. S. |last3=Lund |first3=M. T. |title=Delayed emergence of a global temperature response after emission mitigation |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 July 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=3261 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17001-1 |pmid=32636367 |pmc=7341748 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3261S |quote=At the time of writing, that translated into 2035–2045, where the delay was mostly due to the impacts of the around 0.2 °C of natural, interannual variability of global mean surface air temperature |hdl=11250/2771093 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 1998 sí 2013, ìpele kéré ti ìlànà méjì bẹ́ẹ̀—Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)<ref name="SeipGrønWang2023PacificDecadalOscillation">{{Cite journal |last1=Seip |first1=Knut L. |last2=Grøn |first2=ø. |last3=Wang |first3=H. |date=31 August 2023 |title=Global lead-lag changes between climate variability series coincide with major phase shifts in the Pacific decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |volume=154 |issue=3–4 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00704-023-04617-8 |pages=1137–1149 |bibcode=2023ThApC.154.1137S |doi-access=free |hdl=11250/3088837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> àti Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Shuai-Lei |last2=Huang |first2=Gang |last3=Wu |first3=Ren-Guang |last4=Qu |first4=Xia |date=January 2016 |title=The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation |journal=[[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]] |language=en |volume=123 |issue=1–2 |pages=349–360 |doi=10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x |bibcode=2016ThApC.123..349Y }}</ref>—fa ìdákẹ́jẹ díẹ̀ nínú ìgbóná ayé, èyí tí a ń pè ní “global warming hiatus”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xie |first1=Shang-Ping |last2=Kosaka |first2=Yu |date=June 2017 |title=What Caused the Global Surface Warming Hiatus of 1998–2013? |journal=Current Climate Change Reports |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=128–140 |doi=10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0 |bibcode=2017CCCR....3..128X }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn “hiatus” yìí, ìdàkejì rẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀, níbi tí ọdún 2024 ti gbóná jù ìpele àárín ọdún àìpẹ́ lọ, tó ju +1.5 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=10 January 2025 |title=Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time: what does it mean? |journal=Nature |volume=637 |issue=8047 |pages=769–770 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00010-9 |pmid=39794429 |bibcode=2025Natur.637..769T }}</ref> Ìdí nìyí tí a fi ń ṣàlàyé ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru nípa lílo àárín ọdún 20, èyí tí ń dín ariwo tí ọdún tó gbóná tàbí tutù ń dá kù, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí a lè rí ìtẹ̀síwájú gidi tí ó pẹ́.<ref name="IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021 – the Physical Science Basis |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |date=2023 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1017/9781009157896.001 |isbn=978-1-009-15789-6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Matt |date=17 May 2023 |title=Global warming set to break key 1.5C limit for first time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65602293 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=31 January 2024 |quote=The researchers stress that temperatures would have to stay at or above 1.5C for 20 years to be able to say the Paris agreement threshold had been passed. }}</ref>
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àkíyèsí míì tún ń fi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ń ṣẹlẹ̀ gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|p=S26}}. Figure 2.5.</ref>{{sfn|Loeb et al.|2021}} Apá òkè afẹ́fẹ́ ayé ń tútù sí i, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń dì ooru mọ́ nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì mú kí ooru kékeré ni ó máa ń jáde lọ sí òde òfurufú.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |title=Global Warming |date=3 June 2010 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé ń dín ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ kù ní àpapọ̀, ó sì ń fa kí àwọn glacier (àwọn àkójọpọ̀ yìnyín ńlá) máa yọ sẹ́yìn. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìgbóná ayé ń mú kí omi tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ láti inú òkun pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń mú kí ọ̀rinrin inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa ojò púpọ̀ sí i àti ojò tó lágbára jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kennedy|Thorne|Peterson|Ruedy|2010|pp=S26, S59–S60}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 1|2017|p=35}}</ref> Àwọn ewéko ti ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ̀ àti ṣọ̀dodo ní kutukutu ìgbà orísun omi (spring), àwọn ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún irú ẹranko sì ti ń ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tutù sí i láti lè yege.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=257–260}}</ref>
=== Ìyàtọ̀ Láàárín Àwọn Agbègbè ===
Àwọn agbègbè oríṣìíríṣìí káàkiri ayé ń gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó yàtọ̀ síra. Àpẹẹrẹ yìí kò dá lórí ibi tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ti ń jáde, nítorí pé àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí máa ń dúró pẹ́ tó nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láti tàn ká gbogbo ilẹ̀ ayé. Láti ìgbà ṣáájú ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (pre-industrial period), àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ ti pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ti àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní àpapọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}</ref> Ìdí ni pé àwọn òkun máa ń pàdánù ooru púpọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi sí afẹ́fẹ́ (evaporation), wọ́n sì tún lè pa ooru púpọ̀ mọ́ sínú wọn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Sutton|Dong|Gregory|2007}}.</ref> Agbára ooru inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ti ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdákẹ́jẹ kéékèèké díẹ̀ láti ó kéré tán ọdún 1970. Ju 90% nínú agbára ooru àfikún yìí ni a ti tọ́jú sínú àwọn òkun.<ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{cite web|title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |newspaper=Noaa Climate.gov |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content|archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harvipccar5">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013|p=257}}: "[[Sea level rise#Ocean heating|Ocean warming]] dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total.</ref> Ìyókù rẹ̀ sì ti mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ gbóná sí i, ó yo yìnyín, ó sì gbóná àwọn ilẹ̀ ńlá (continents).<ref name=EarthSysSciData_20200907>{{cite journal |last1=von Schuckman |first1=K. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Palmer |first3=M. D. |last4=Hansen |first4=J. |last5=Tassone |first5=C. |last6=Aich |first6=V. |last7=Adusumilli |first7=S. |last8=Beltrami |first8=H. |last9=Boyer |first9=T. |last10=Cuesta-Valero |first10=F. J. |display-authors=4 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=7 September 2020 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020 |doi-access=free |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/ |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041|bibcode=2020ESSD...12.2013V |hdl=20.500.11850/443809 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Àríwá ayé (Northern Hemisphere) àti Àríwá Pólù (North Pole) ti gbóná sí i ní ìyára tó ga ju Gúúsù Pólù (South Pole) àti Gúúsù ayé (Southern Hemisphere) lọ. Kì í ṣe pé Àríwá ayé ní ilẹ̀ gbígbẹ púpọ̀ nìkan, ó tún ní yìnyín tó máa ń bo ilẹ̀ àti yìnyín òkun tó pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan lódún. Bí àwọn ibi wọ̀nyí ṣe ń yí padà láti ibi tí ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà púpọ̀ sí ibi dídú dúdú lẹ́yìn tí yìnyín bá yo, wọ́n máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA, 10 July|2011}}.</ref> Àwọn ìdọ̀tí carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó ń bà lé yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun jẹ́ tún ń kópa nínú ìgbóná àgbègbè Arctic.<ref name=EPA2016>{{harvnb|United States Environmental Protection Agency|2016|p=5}}: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting."</ref> Ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ní Àríwá Pólù ń pọ̀ sí i ní ìyára tó jẹ́ ìlọ́po mẹ́ta sí mẹ́rin ju ti ìyókù ayé lọ.<ref name="3X2021">{{cite web |date=20 May 2021 |title=Arctic warming three times faster than the planet, report warns |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-arctic-faster-planet.html |website=[[Phys.org]] |language=en |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Rantanen2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Mika |last2=Karpechko |first2=Alexey Yu |last3=Lipponen |first3=Antti |last4=Nordling |first4=Kalle |last5=Hyvärinen |first5=Otto |last6=Ruosteenoja |first6=Kimmo |last7=Vihma |first7=Timo |last8=Laaksonen |first8=Ari |date=11 August 2022 |title=The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=168 |doi=10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ComEE...3..168R |hdl=11250/3115996 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Yíyọ àwọn aṣọ yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) tó wà nítòsí àwọn pólù ń dín agbára ìṣàn omi òkun thermohaline kù ní apá Atlantic àti Antarctic. Èyí sì ń tún yí bí ooru àti ojò ṣe ń pín káàkiri ayé padà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Wei |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |last4=Hu |first4=Shineng |date=26 June 2020 |title=Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=26 |article-number=eaaz4876 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876 |pmid=32637596 |pmc=7319730 |bibcode=2020SciA....6.4876L }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Fred |date=18 April 2023 |title=New Research Sparks Concerns That Ocean Circulation Will Collapse |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/climate-change-ocean-circulation-collapse-antarctica |language=en |access-date=3 February 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Lee2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Ki |last2=Lumpkin |first2=Rick |last3=Gomez |first3=Fabian |last4=Yeager |first4=Stephen |last5=Lopez |first5=Hosmay |last6=Takglis |first6=Filippos |last7=Dong |first7=Shenfu |last8=Aguiar |first8=Wilton |last9=Kim |first9=Dongmin |last10=Baringer |first10=Molly |date=13 March 2023 |title=Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00727-3 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4...69L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NOAA2023">{{cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=NOAA Scientists Detect a Reshaping of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean |url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/noaa-scientists-detect-reshaping-of-the-meridional-overturning-circulation-in-southern-ocean/ |publisher=[[NOAA]] }}</ref>
=== Ìwọ̀n Ooru Àgbáyé Ní Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la ===
[[File:Projected Change in Temperatures by 2090.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ CMIP6 láti ọ̀pọ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (multi-model projections) nípa àwọn ìyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé fún ọdún 2090, ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àárín ìwọ̀n ooru ọdún 1850 sí 1900. Ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbóná ayé tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí fún òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí wà ní àárín àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ méjèèjì tó ga jù àti tó kéré jù lọ.<ref name="UNEP2024" /><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A. G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3 °C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first18=Christina |last19=Strauss |first19=Jens |last20=Treat |first20=Claire |last21=Turetsky |first21=Merritt}}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]] |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3 °C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9 °C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1 °C.}}</ref>]]
Àjọ Tó Ń Ṣètò Ìmọ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) ṣe àṣírò pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ àǹfààní 50% pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún ọdún márùn-ún yóò kọjá +1.5 °C láàárín ọdún 2024 sí 2028.{{sfn|WMO|2024b|p=2}} IPCC sì retí pé àárín ìwọ̀n ooru fún ọdún 20 yóò kọjá +1.5 °C ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2030s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405072633/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf#page=955 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |website=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |id=IPCC AR6 WGI}}</ref>
Ìròyìn Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Kẹfà ti IPCC (IPCC Sixth Assessment Report) ní ọdún 2021 ní àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kí ọdún 2100 tó dé, ó ṣeé ṣe gan-an kí ìgbóná ayé dé láàárín 1.0 sí 1.8 °C nípò tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná bá kéré gan-an. Nípò ìtújáde àárín gbùngbùn, ìgbóná ayé lè dé láàárín 2.1 sí 3.5 °C, nígbà tí nípò ìtújáde tó ga gan-an, ó lè dé láàárín 3.3 sí 5.7 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=SPM-17}}</ref> Ìgbóná ayé yóò sì máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2100 ní àwọn àkókò tí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá wà ní àárín gbùngbùn tàbí ní ìpele tó ga.<ref name="Meinshausen2011">{{Cite journal |last1=Meinshausen |first1=Malte |last2=Smith |first2=S. J. |last3=Calvin |first3=K. |last4=Daniel |first4=J. S. |last5=Kainuma |first5=M. L. T. |last6=Lamarque |first6=J-F. |last7=Matsumoto |first7=K. |last8=Montzka |first8=S. A. |last9=Raper |first9=S. C. B. |last10=Riahi |first10=K. |last11=Thomson |first11=A. |last12=Velders |first12=G. J. M. |last13=van Vuuren |first13=D.P. P. |year=2011 |title=The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=109 |issue=1–2 |pages=213–241 |doi=10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z |bibcode=2011ClCh..109..213M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Lyon2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lyon |first1=Christopher |last2=Saupe |first2=Erin E. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Hill |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Beckerman |first5=Andrew P. |last6=Stringer |first6=Lindsay C. |last7=Marchant |first7=Robert |last8=McKay |first8=James |last9=Burke |first9=Ariane |last10=O'Higgins |first10=Paul |last11=Dunhill |first11=Alexander M. |last12=Allen |first12=Bethany J. |last13=Riel-Salvatore |first13=Julien |last14=Aze |first14=Tracy |year=2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ní ọdún 2300 fi hàn pé ó lè jọ àwọn àkókò tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=43–44}}</ref>
Ìyókù ìṣúná kábọ́nù (remaining carbon budget) tó kù láti jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru ayé má kọjá àwọn ìpele kan ni a máa ń pinnu nípasẹ̀ àwòkọ́ṣe (models) tó ń ṣàlàyé bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń yípo nínú ayé (carbon cycle) àti bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogelj|Forster|Kriegler|Smith|2019}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ètò Àyíká ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UNEP) ṣe sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe láti jẹ́ kí ìgbóná ayé dúró ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.0 °C pẹ̀lú àǹfààní 50%, bí ìtújáde CO₂ lẹ́yìn ọdún 2023 kò bá ju 900 gigatonnes lọ. Ìṣúná kábọ́nù yìí bá ìwọ̀n ìtújáde tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí mu fún nǹkan bí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=XI, XVII}}
== Àwọn Okùnfà Ìgbóná Ayé Tó Wáyé Ní Àwọn Ọdún Àìpẹ́ Yìí ==
[[Fáìlì:Physical Drivers of climate change.svg|thumb|Àwọn okùnfà ti ara (physical drivers) tí wọ́n ti fa ìgbóná ayé títí di àkókò yìí. Ànfààní tí àwọn okùnfà tó lè dúró pẹ́ fún ìgbóná ayé ọjọ́ iwájú, bíi ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂), kò sí nínú àfihàn yìí. Àwọn ìlà kéékèèké (whiskers) tó wà lórí ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan àwọn ọ̀pá àwòrán náà ń fi ìwọ̀n àṣìṣe tó ṣeé ṣe hàn.]]
Ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé (climate system) máa ń ní oríṣìíríṣìí yíyípo àti àyípadà tirẹ̀, tí wọ́n lè pé fún ọdún díẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá, tàbí àní ọ̀pọ̀ ọ̀rúndún. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ El Niño máa ń fa ìgbóná díẹ̀ sí i nínú ìwọ̀n ooru ojú ilẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú, nígbà tí La Niña máa ń fa ìtútù díẹ̀ fún àkókò kúkúrú.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Patrick T. |last2=Li |first2=Wenhong |last3=Xie |first3=Shang-Ping |title=Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=27 January 2015 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=480–494 |doi=10.1002/2014JD022576 |doi-access=free |hdl=10161/9564 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Bí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ tó lè ní ipa lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé fún àkókò tó tó ọdún mẹ́wàá kan tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Fasullo |first2=John T. |title=An apparent hiatus in global warming? |journal=Earth's Future |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000165 |bibcode=2013EaFut...1...19T |doi-access=free }}</ref> Àwọn àyípadà míì sì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí àìdọ́gba nínú agbára (energy) tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde láti inú àwọn ipa òde (external forcings).<ref>{{Harvnb|National Research Council|2012|p=9}}</ref> Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀ ni àwọn àyípadà nínú ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, agbára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (solar luminosity), ìbújáde òkè ayọnáyàn (volcanic eruptions), àti àwọn àyípadà nínú ipa-ọ̀nà tí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ń gbà yí Oòrùn ká.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|p=916}}.</ref>
Láti mọ iye ipa tí ènìyàn ní lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń ṣe ìdánimọ̀ àwọn “àmì àtọkànwá” (fingerprints) fún gbogbo àwọn okùnfà tó lè fa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì máa ń fi wọ́n wé àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí àti àwọn àyípadà inú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ ayé tí a ti mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Knutson|2017|p=443}}; {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013|pp=875–876}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ipa oòrùn (solar forcing), tí àmì àtọkànwá rẹ̀ jẹ́ pé gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé yóò gbóná pọ̀, ni a ti yọ kúrò gẹ́gẹ́ bí okùnfà pàtàkì, nítorí pé apá ìsàlẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ nìkan ló ti gbóná sí i, kì í ṣe gbogbo afẹ́fẹ́ ayé.<ref name="USGCRP-2009" /> Àwọn patíkù kéékèèké tó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́ (atmospheric aerosols) ń fa ipa ìtútù díẹ̀. Àwọn okùnfà míì, bíi àwọn àyípadà nínú albedo (ìwọ̀n ìtanpadà ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀), kò ní ipa tó pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=7}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Gáàsì Amúnágbóná ===
Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná jẹ́ afínimọ́lẹ̀ sí ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn, nítorí náà wọ́n jẹ́ kí ìmọ́lẹ̀ náà kọjá nípasẹ̀ afẹ́fẹ́ ayé láti gbóná ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ilẹ̀ ayé sì máa ń tú apá kan agbára yẹn padà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ooru. Àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń gba apá kan nínú ooru yìí mọ́ra wọn. Ìgbàgbọ́ ooru yìí ń dín ìyára tí ooru fi ń bọ́ sí òde òfurufú kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ooru dúró nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé, tí ó sì ń jẹ́ kí ilẹ̀ ayé máa gbóná sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Causes of Climate Change|author=NASA |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|access-date=8 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èéfín omi (water vapour) (≈50%) àti àwọn ìkùukùu (≈25%) ni wọ́n ń kó ipa tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú ipa amúnágbóná (greenhouse effect), àwọn wọ̀nyí máa ń yí padà ní pàtàkì gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń yí padà. Nítorí náà, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì máa ń kà wọ́n sí àwọn ìfèsì-padà (feedbacks) tí ń ní ipa lórí bí ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń fèsì sí ìyípadà. Ní ìhà kejì, ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì bíi carbon dioxide (CO₂) (≈20%), ozone inú troposphere (tropospheric ozone),<ref>Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the [[troposphere]] (as opposed to the stratospheric [[ozone layer]]). {{harvnb|Wang|Shugart|Lerdau|2017}}</ref> chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), àti nitrous oxide lè pọ̀ sí i tàbí dín kù láì jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru ló fa á. Nítorí náà, wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ipa òde (external forcings) tí ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé.<ref>{{harvnb|Schmidt|Ruedy|Miller|Lacis|2010}}; {{harvnb|USGCRP Climate Science Supplement|2014|p=742}}</ref>
Ṣáájú Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ (Industrial Revolution), iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ó wà ní àdánidá mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà nítòsí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé gbóná ju bí ó ṣe máa rí lọ ní nǹkan bí 33 °C bí àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí kò bá sí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007|loc=FAQ1.1}}: "To emit 240 W m<sup>−2</sup>, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect?|author=ACS|author-link=American Chemical Society|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́, iṣẹ́ ènìyàn—ní pàtàkì yíyọ àti lílo àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) bíi èédú (coal), epo rọ̀bì (oil), àti gáàsì àdánidá (natural gas)<ref>{{Harvnb|The Guardian, 19 February|2020}}.</ref>—ti mú kí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná inú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọdún 2022, ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) àti methane inú afẹ́fẹ́ ti pọ̀ sí i ní nǹkan bí 50% àti 164% lẹ́sẹẹsẹ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú ọdún 1750.<ref>{{Harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=2}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n CO₂ wọ̀nyí ga ju bí wọ́n ṣe rí ní àkókò kankan lọ nínú ọdún mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rìnlá (14 million years) tó kọjá.{{sfn|The Cenozoic CO2 Proxy Integration Project (CenCOPIP) Consortium|2023}} Bakannáà, ìwọ̀n methane ga ju bí ó ṣe rí ní gbogbo ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá lọ.{{Sfn|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-35}}
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg|thumb|Ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín ọdún 800,000 tó kọjá, gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n láti inú àpẹẹrẹ yìnyín (ice cores) (àwọ̀ búlúù àti àwọ̀ ewé), àti gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti wọn wọ́n ní tààrà (àwọ̀ dúdú).]]
[[File:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Global Carbon Project fi hàn bí àwọn ìmúpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí inú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ti wáyé láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orísun oríṣìíríṣìí, tí ọkọọkan wọn sì ti ń pọ̀ sí i lẹ́yìn ara wọn nípasẹ̀ àkókò.<ref>References for Global Carbon Budget chart updated through 2024:
* For ''carbon'' entries: {{cite web |title=Home ›The Data Hub 2025 ›The Latest GCB Data (2025) |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/datahub/the-latest-gcb-data-2025/# |publisher=Global Carbon Budget }} Click "Global Carbon Budget v2025" to download Excel xlsx file. Multiply these ''carbon'' entries by 3.664 to arrive at ''carbon dioxide'' figures. Contains land use data only since 1959; see OWID references for complete data:
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for other industry, flaring, cement, gas, oil, and coal: {{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |title=CO₂ emissions by fuel |date=23 June 2020 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Download data from chosen chart, "CO₂ emissions by fuel or industry type, World".
* For ''carbon dioxide'' entries for land use: {{cite web |title=Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-land-use?tab=line&country=~OWID_WRL |publisher=Our World in Data (OWID) }} Select "Line", choose "Download", select "Data", click "Download displayed data".
</ref>]]
Ní ọdún 2019, àpapọ̀ ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná tí ènìyàn fa káàkiri ayé jẹ́ ìwọ̀n tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú bílíọ̀nù 59 tọ́ọ̀nù carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nínú àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí, 75% jẹ́ CO₂, 18% jẹ́ methane, 4% jẹ́ nitrous oxide, àti 2% jẹ́ àwọn gáàsì fluorinated.{{sfn|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|loc=Figure SPM.1}} Ìtújáde CO₂ ní pàtàkì ń wá láti inú lílo àwọn epo fósílì láti pèsè agbára fún ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, iṣẹ́ ìṣelọpọ, ìgbóná ilé, àti pípèsè iná mọ̀nàmọ́ná.<ref name="Our World in Data-2020"/> Àwọn ìtújáde CO₂ míì tún ń wá láti inú ìparun igbó àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú CO₂ tí ń jáde látinú àwọn ìfarahàn kẹ́míkà tí a fi ń ṣe simenti, irin, aluminiomu, àti ajílẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Olivier|Peters|2019|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}; {{harvnb|EPA|2020}}: "Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials."</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2|quote=Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kvande|2014}}: "Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina ({{chem2|Al2O3}}). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because {{CO2}} is a greenhouse gas."</ref> Ìtújáde methane ń wá láti inú ẹran ọ̀sìn, ìdọ̀tí ẹranko (manure), iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ irẹsì, ibi ìkópalẹ̀ egbin (landfills), omi ìdọ̀tí (wastewater), àti ìwakùsà èédú, pẹ̀lú yíyọ epo rọ̀bì àti gáàsì àdánidá.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Global Methane Initiative|2020}}: "Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: [[Enteric fermentation]] (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), [[Municipal Solid Waste]] (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), [[Wastewater]] (7%), [[Rice|Rice Cultivation]] (7%)."</ref> Ìtújáde nitrous oxide sì ń wá ní pàtàkì láti inú bí àwọn kòkòrò alààyè kéékèèké (microorganisms) ṣe ń fọ ajílẹ̀ lulẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|EPA|2019}}: "Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of {{N2O}} emissions."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Davidson|2009}}: "2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé methane kàn ń dúró nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún àkókò àárín gígùn tí ó tó ọdún 12 nìkan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding methane emissions |publisher=International Energy Agency |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2023/understanding-methane-emissions}}</ref> carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró fún àkókò pípẹ́ púpọ̀ sí i. Ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ń gba CO₂ mọ́ra gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle). Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti nínú òkun máa ń gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí ń jáde lọ́dọọdún, CO₂ náà máa ń padà sí afẹ́fẹ́ nígbà tí ohun alààyè bá jẹ ẹ́, bá jó, tàbí bá bàjẹ́.<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web|last1=Riebeek|first1=Holli|title=The Carbon Cycle|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|website=Earth Observatory|publisher=NASA|access-date=5 April 2018|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà ibi tí ilẹ̀ ń gba kábọ́nù mọ́ra (land-surface carbon sink), bíi fífi kábọ́nù sínú ilẹ̀ (carbon fixation in soil) àti photosynthesis, máa ń yọ nǹkan bí 29% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ àgbáyé lọ́dọọdún kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=10}}</ref> Òkun sì ti gba nǹkan bí 20 sí 30% nínú CO₂ tí a tú sí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún ogún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=450}}.</ref> CO₂ kì í kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ fún pípẹ́ ayé bí kò ṣe pé a ti pa á mọ́ sínú àpá inú ilẹ̀ ayé (Earth’s crust), èyí tí ó lè gba mílíọ̀nù ọdún kí ó tó parí.<ref name="nasacc" />
=== Àwọn Ìyípadà Lórí Ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé ===
[[File:20210331 Global tree cover loss - World Resources Institute.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 |right |Ìwọ̀n ìparun ibora igi (tree cover) lórí ayé ti fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ di ìlọ́po méjì láti ọdún 2001, dé ìpele tí ó ń sún mọ́ àgbègbè tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú orílẹ̀-èdè Italy ní gbogbo ọdún.<ref name=WRIforestExtent_thru2025>{{cite web |last1=Weisse |first1=Mikaela |last2=Goldman |first2=Elizabeth |title=Indicators of Forest Extent / Forest Loss / |url=https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |publisher=World Resources Institute (WRI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430190648/https://gfr.wri.org/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss |archive-date=30 April 2026 |date=April 2026 |url-status=live}} Chart in section titled "Annual rates of global tree cover loss have risen since 2000".</ref>]]
Nǹkan bí 30% nínú ilẹ̀ ayé kì í ṣe ohun tí ènìyàn lè lò rárá (bíi yìnyín ńlá/glaciers, aṣálẹ̀, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ), 26% jẹ́ igbó, 10% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó kéékèèké (shrubland), àti 34% jẹ́ ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Ritchie|Roser|2018}}</ref> Ìparun igbó (deforestation) ni okùnfà pàtàkì jù lọ nínú ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September|2018}}; {{harvnb|UN FAO|2016|p=18}}.</ref> Ìdí ni pé igi tí a bàjẹ́ máa ń tú carbon dioxide (CO₂) sílẹ̀, tí a kò bá sì rọ́pò wọn pẹ̀lú igi tuntun, èyí ń dín agbára ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) kù.<ref name="IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019 18">{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Láàárín ọdún 2001 sí 2018, 27% nínú ìparun igbó wáyé nítorí pípa igbó mọ́ títí láé fún ìtẹ̀síwájú iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ fún ọ̀gbìn àti ẹran ọ̀sìn. 24% míì wáyé nítorí pípa igbó fún àkókò díẹ̀ nínú ètò iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tí a ń pè ní shifting cultivation. 26% wá láti inú gígé igi fún igi ìkọ́lé àti àwọn ọja míì, nígbà tí iná igbó (wildfires) jẹ́ 23% tó kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Curtis|Slay|Harris|Tyukavina|2018}}</ref> Àwọn igbó kan kò tíì parí ìparun wọn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ti bajẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ nítorí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí. Mímú àwọn igbó wọ̀nyí padà sípò tún máa ń mú agbára wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkójọpọ̀ kábọ́nù (carbon sink) bọ̀ sípò.<ref name="Duchelle-2022">{{Cite book |author1=Garrett, L. |author2=Lévite, H. |author3=Besacier, C. |author4=Alekseeva, N. |author5=Duchelle, M. |title=The key role of forest and landscape restoration in climate action |publisher=FAO |year=2022 |isbn=978-92-5-137044-5 |location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cc2510en }}</ref>
Ibori ewéko (local vegetation cover) ní ipa lórí iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń padà rán sí òfurufú (albedo), àti iye ooru tí a máa ń pàdánù nípasẹ̀ ìyọkúrò omi (evaporation). Fún àpẹẹrẹ, yíyí padà láti igbó dudu sí pápá koríko máa ń mú kí ojú ilẹ̀ di fẹ́ẹrẹ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó máa fi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn hàn sí i. Ìparun igbó tún lè yí bí àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe ń tú jáde tí ń ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè ìkùukùu padà, ó sì lè yí ìrísí ìhàlẹ̀ ojú ilẹ̀ (roughness) padà, èyí tí ń ní ipa lórí ìyára afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Seymour 2019">{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}}</ref> Ní agbègbè olóoru àti agbègbè oníwà àárín, ipa àpapọ̀ rẹ̀ máa ń jẹ́ ìgbóná tó ṣe kókó, ṣùgbọ́n mímú igbó padà sípò lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru agbègbè dín kù.<ref name="Duchelle-2022"/> Ní àwọn àgbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù, ipa ìtútù kan máa ń wáyé nígbà tí a bá rọ́pò igbó pẹ̀lú pápá tí yìnyín ń bò (tí ó sì ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ padà sí i).<ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Ní àgbáyé gbogbo, ìdàgbàsókè albedo ojú ilẹ̀ yìí ni ipa tààrà tó lágbára jù lọ nínú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru láti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀. Nítorí náà, a ṣe àṣírò pé ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀ títí di òní ti ní ipa ìtútù kékeré lórí ayé.<ref name="IPCC Special Report: Climate change and Land p2-54">{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=172}}: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land."</ref>
=== Àwọn Okùnfà Míì ===
=== Àwọn Aerosols àti Ìkùukùu ===
Ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́, ní irú àwọn aerosols, ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haywood|2016|p=456}}; {{harvnb|McNeill|2017}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref> Àwọn aerosols máa ń tú ká (scatter) àti gba (absorb) ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn. Láàárín ọdún 1961 sí 1990, a ṣàkíyèsí ìdínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé ojú ilẹ̀ ayé. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí ìdínkù ìmọ́lẹ̀ àgbáyé (global dimming).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013|p=183}}.</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn sulfate aerosols tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì tó ní sulfur púpọ̀, bíi èédú (coal) àti bunker fuel, ni wọ́n fa á.<ref name="Quaas2022" /> Àwọn ipa kéékèèké míì tún wá láti inú carbon dúdú (black carbon), tí ń jáde látinú jíjẹ epo fósílì àti ohun ọ̀gbìn (biomass), àti láti inú eruku (dust).<ref>{{harvnb|He|Wang|Zhou|Wild|2018}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |website=[[American Geophysical Union]] |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monroe |first=Robert |date=20 January 2023 |title=Increased Atmospheric Dust has Masked Power of Greenhouse Gases to Warm Planet {{!}} Scripps Institution of Oceanography |url=https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/increased-atmospheric-dust-has-masked-power-greenhouse-gases-warm-planet |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=scripps.ucsd.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ní àgbáyé, iye aerosols ti ń dín kù láti ọdún 1990 nítorí àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn aerosols kò tún lè bo tàbí dín ipa ìgbóná ayé tí àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ń fa kù bí wọ́n ṣe ń ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|Wild|Gilgen|Roesch|Ohmura|2005}}; {{Harvnb|Storelvmo|Phillips|Lohmann|Leirvik|2016}}; {{harvnb|Samset|Sand|Smith|Bauer|2018}}.</ref><ref name="Quaas2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref>
Àwọn aerosols tún ní àwọn ipa àìtàrà lórí ìṣúná agbára ayé (Earth's energy budget). Àwọn sulfate aerosols máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ibi tí àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké ti ń dá sí (cloud condensation nuclei), wọ́n sì ń mú kí ìkùukùu ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn dígí omi kéékèèké dípò dígí omi ńlá. Irú àwọn ìkùukùu bẹ́ẹ̀ máa ń tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà dáadáa ju àwọn ìkùukùu tí ó ní dígí omi díẹ̀ àti tí wọ́n tóbi lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Twomey|1977}}.</ref> Wọ́n tún ń dín ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìṣù omi ojò (raindrops) kù, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkùukùu lè tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń wọlé padà sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Albrecht|1989}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa àìtàrà aerosols wọ̀nyí ni orísun àìdánilójú tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ipa agbára ìtanmọ́lẹ̀ (radiative forcing).<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-144</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn aerosols máa ń dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní gbogbogbòò nípa fífi ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òfurufú, carbon dúdú (black carbon) tó wà nínú soot tí ó bá ṣubú sórí yìnyín tàbí yìnyín òkun lè kópa nínú ìgbóná ayé. Ooru àfikún tí èyí ń ṣẹ̀dá máa ń yára mú kí àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) àti àwọn glaciers yo, èyí tí ó sì ń kópa pàtàkì nínú ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020-11-01 |title=A review of black carbon in snow and ice and its impact on the cryosphere |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en-US |volume=210 |doi=10.1016/j.ear |issn=0012-8252 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240216194041/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303925 |archive-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ramanathan|Carmichael|2008}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|RIVM|2016}}.</ref><ref name=EPA2016 /> Dídín iye àwọn ìkójọpọ̀ carbon dúdú tuntun kù ní Arctic lè dín ìgbóná ayé kù ní nǹkan bí 0.2 °C ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Sand|Berntsen|von Salzen|Flanner|2015}}</ref> A ṣe àṣírò pé ìdínkù iye sulfur nínú epo ọkọ̀ ojú omi (fuel oil) láti ọdún 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Sulphur-2020.aspx|title=IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions|website=imo.org}}</ref> yóò fa àfikún ìgbóná tó tó 0.05 °C sí ìwọ̀n ooru àárín àgbáyé ní ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 3 July|2023}}</ref>
=== Ìṣe Oòrùn àti Ìgbòkègbodò Oníná Ilẹ̀ ===
[[File:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35| Ìròyìn Kẹrin lórí Àyẹ̀wò Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè (Fourth National Climate Assessment, NCA4; USGCRP, 2017) ní àwọn àwòrán ìṣàfihàn tí ń fi hàn pé bẹ́ẹ̀ ni ìṣe oòrùn tàbí ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ kò lè ṣàlàyé ìgbóná ayé tí a ti ṣàkíyèsí.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |website=science2017.globalchange.gov |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923190450/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/3/ |archive-date=23 September 2019 |year=2017 |pages=1–470 }} Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wuebbles |first1=D. J. |last2=Fahey |first2=D. W. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Deangelo |first4=B. |last5=Doherty |first5=S. |last6=Hayhoe |first6=K. |last7=Horton |first7=R. |last8=Kossin |first8=J. P. |last9=Taylor |first9=P. C. |last10=Waple |first10=A. M. |last11=Yohe |first11=C. P. |date=23 November 2018 |title=Climate Science Special Report / Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4), Volume I /Executive Summary / Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=1–470 |doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614150544/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |archive-date=14 June 2019 |doi-access=free |website=globalchange.gov |doi-broken-date=23 May 2026 }}</ref>]]
Níwọ̀n bí Oòrùn ṣe jẹ́ orísun agbára pàtàkì fún Ilẹ̀ Ayé, àwọn ìyípadà nínú iye ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé máa ń ní ipa tààrà lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system).<ref name=":0" /> Àwọn satẹlaiti ti ń wọn ìwọ̀n agbára oòrùn (solar irradiance) ní tààrà,<ref>{{Harvnb|National Academies|2008|p=6}}</ref> nígbà tí àwọn ìwọ̀n àìtàrà ti wà láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún kẹtàdínlógún (1600s).<ref name=":0" /> Láti ọdún 1880, kò sí ìmúgbòòrò tàbí ìtẹ̀síwájú kankan nínú iye agbára Oòrùn tí ń dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, láìka ìgbóná tó ti wáyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀ (troposphere) sí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is the Sun causing global warming?|website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet|date=18 September 2014 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming|access-date=10 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/|archive-date=5 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bákan náà, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè (stratosphere) náà yóò ti ń gbóná bí Oòrùn bá ń fi agbára púpọ̀ sí i ránṣẹ́ sí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, afẹ́fẹ́ òkè yìí ti ń tútù sí i.<ref name="USGCRP-2009">{{Harvnb|USGCRP|2009|p=20}}.</ref> Èyí bá ohun tí a mọ̀ nípa ipa àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná mu, nítorí pé wọ́n ń dí ooru lọ́wọ́ láti bọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007|pp=702–703}}; {{harvnb|Randel|Shine|Austin|Barnett|2009}}.</ref>
Àwọn ìbújáde oníná ilẹ̀ tó lágbára (explosive volcanic eruptions) lè tú àwọn gáàsì, eruku àti eérú sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ó lè dí apá kan nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn lọ́wọ́ láti dé Ilẹ̀ Ayé, tí ó sì lè dín ìwọ̀n ooru kù. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, wọ́n tún lè rán èéfín omi (water vapour) sí afẹ́fẹ́, èyí tí ń fi kún iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, tí ó sì lè mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí ìwọ̀n ooru kì í pé pípẹ́, nítorí pé èéfín omi àti àwọn ohun èlò tí oníná ilẹ̀ tú jáde kì í dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79">{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|p=79}}</ref> Ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ọ̀dọ̀ oníná ilẹ̀ máa ń pé pípẹ́ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n iye rẹ̀ kò ju 1% nínú ìtújáde CO₂ tí ènìyàn ń fa lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.{{sfn|Fischer|Aiuppa|2020}} Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ ṣì jẹ́ ipa àdánidá (natural forcing) tó lágbára jù lọ lórí ìwọ̀n ooru ní àkókò ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ títí dé òní. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ipa àdánidá mìíràn, ipa rẹ̀ lórí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìyípadà ìwọ̀n ooru àgbáyé láti ìgbà Ìyípadà Ìṣè-iṣẹ́ ti jẹ́ kékeré gan-an.<ref name="USGCRP Chapter 2 2017 79"/>
=== Àwọn Ìfèsìpadà Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:NORTH POLE Ice (19626661335).jpg|thumb|Yìnyín òkun (sea ice) máa ń tan nǹkan bí 50% sí 70% nínú ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn tó ń dé padà, nígbà tí òkun, nítorí pé ó ṣókùnkùn sí i, máa ń tan nǹkan bí 6% nìkan padà. Nígbà tí apá kan nínú yìnyín òkun bá yo tí ó sì ṣí òkun síta sí i, òkun náà máa ń gba ooru púpọ̀ sí i. Èyí ń mú kí ìwọ̀n ooru pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì ń fa kí yìnyín míì tún yo sí i. Ìlànà yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedback process), nítorí pé ìyípadà kan ń mú kí ipa rẹ̀ fúnra rẹ̀ túbọ̀ lágbára sí i.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |work=NSIDC |access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate system) sí ipa ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ kan (forcing) máa ń jẹ́ kíkópa láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìfèsìpadà (feedbacks), èyí tí ó lè mú kí ìyípadà náà lágbára sí i tàbí kí ó dín kù. Àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń fún ipa kan ní agbára sí i, tí a mọ̀ sí ìfèsìpadà rere (positive feedbacks), máa ń mú kí ìfèsì ètò ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, àwọn ìfèsìpadà odi (negative feedbacks) tàbí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì wá máa ń dín ipa ìyípadà náà kù.<ref>{{cite web |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology |year=2013 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Àwọn ìfèsìpadà rere pàtàkì jù lọ ni ìfèsìpadà èéfín omi (water-vapour feedback), ìfèsìpadà yìnyín–albedo (ice–albedo feedback), àti àpapọ̀ ipa ìfèsìpadà ìkùukùu (net cloud feedback).{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}}<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=58}}: "The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence)"</ref> Ìlànà pàtàkì tó ń mú ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì padà ni ìtútù nípasẹ̀ ìtan ooru (radiative cooling), níbi tí ojú ilẹ̀ ayé ti ń tú ooru sí òfurufú sí i bí ìwọ̀n ooru ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–90}} Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìfèsìpadà tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ooru, àwọn ìfèsìpadà tún wà nínú ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle), bíi ipa tí carbon dioxide (CO₂) ní nínú fífún ìdàgbàsókè ewéko ní agbára sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013|p=14}}</ref> A retí pé púpọ̀ nínú àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí yóò máa lọ sí ìhà ìfèsìpadà rere bí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń bá a lọ, èyí tí yóò sì mú kí ìfaramọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ sí ìyípadà (climate sensitivity) pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=93}}: "Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases."</ref>
Àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí máa ń ní ipa lórí bí ìgbóná ayé ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá tàbí ní díẹ̀díẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i lè gba omi púpọ̀ sí i ní ìrísí èéfín omi (water vapour), tí èéfín omi fúnra rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ gáàsì amúnágbóná tó lágbára gan-an.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=89–91}} Afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbóná sí i tún lè mú kí àwọn ìkùukùu ga sí i, kí wọ́n sì tútù sí i ní sísànra, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n lè di ooru mú dáadáa sí i, tí ó sì ń mú ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i.{{sfn|Williams|Ceppi|Katavouta|2020}} Ìdínkù ibora yìnyín àti yìnyín òkun ní Arctic jẹ́ ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì mìíràn. Èyí ń dín agbára ojú ilẹ̀ láti tan ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà (reflectivity) kù ní agbègbè náà, tí ó sì ń mú kí ìgbóná Arctic yara sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|NASA, 28 May|2013}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cohen|Screen|Furtado|Barlow|2014}}.</ref> Ìgbóná àfikún yìí tún ń kópa nínú yíyọ ilẹ̀ tí ó ti di yìnyín fún àkókò pípẹ́ (permafrost), èyí tí ń tú methane àti carbon dioxide (CO₂) sí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{harvnb|Turetsky|Abbott|Jones|Anthony|2019}}</ref>
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) tí ènìyàn ń fa ni àwọn ewéko lórí ilẹ̀ àti àwọn òkun ti gba mọ́ra.<ref>{{harvnb|Climate.gov, 23 June|2022}}: "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural "sinks"—processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere—on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011–2020 decade."</ref> Síbẹ̀, ìwọ̀n yìí kì í ṣe ohun tó dúró ṣinṣin. Bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá dín kù lọ́jọ́ iwájú, Ilẹ̀ Ayé lè gba tó nǹkan bí 70% nínú rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìtújáde CO₂ bá pọ̀ sí i gan-an, Ilẹ̀ Ayé yóò ṣì gba kábọ́nù púpọ̀ ju báyìí lọ, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìpín tí yóò gba yóò dín kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 40%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=TS-122|loc=Box TS.5, Figure 1}}</ref> Èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń mú kí ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru (heat waves) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó lè dá ìdàgbàsókè ewéko dúró lórí ilẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yìn. Bákan náà, ilẹ̀ máa ń tú kábọ́nù púpọ̀ sí i láti inú àwọn ewéko tó kú nígbà tí ilẹ̀ bá gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Melillo|Frey|DeAngelis|Werner|2017}}: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=133, 144}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba kábọ́nù láti inú afẹ́fẹ́ náà yóò tún dín kù bí omi òkun ṣe ń di asidi sí i (ocean acidification), àti bí àwọn ìyípadà ṣe ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣàn omi òkun gbígbóná àti tútù (thermohaline circulation) àti pínpín phytoplankton.{{sfn|USGCRP Chapter 2|2017|pp=93–95}}<ref name="Liu2022">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y. |last2=Moore |first2=J. K. |last3=Primeau |first3=F. |last4=Wang |first4=W. L. |date=22 December 2022 |title=Reduced CO2 uptake and growing nutrient sequestration from slowing overturning circulation |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=13 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01555-7 |osti=2242376 }}</ref><ref name="PearceYale3602023"/> Àìdánilójú nípa àwọn ìfèsìpadà wọ̀nyí, pàápàá jù lọ nípa ibora ìkùukùu,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|pp=58, 59}}: "Clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks."</ref> ni ìdí pàtàkì tí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate models) fi ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n ìgbóná tí ó yàtọ̀ síra fún iye ìtújáde gáàsì kan náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway."</ref>
== Àwòṣe Ojú-ọjọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|thumb|Àwòrán tí ń fi bí agbára ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín òfurufú, afẹ́fẹ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé àti ojú ilẹ̀ ayé hàn. Bí iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, wọ́n máa ń di ooru mú sí i, tí ó sì ń fa àìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì agbára àti ìgbóná ayé.]]
Àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ (climate model) jẹ́ àfihàn àwọn ìlànà fíísìkì, kẹ́mísírì àti ẹ̀dá alààyè (biological processes) tí ń ní ipa lórí ètò ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=120}}.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí ní àwọn ìlànà àdánidá bíi àwọn ìyípadà nínú yíyípo Ilẹ̀ Ayé ká Oòrùn, àwọn ìyípadà tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ nínú ìṣe Oòrùn ní ìtàn àtijọ́, àti ipa ìgbòkègbodò oníná ilẹ̀ (volcanic forcing).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types "What are the different types of climate models?"]}}</ref> A máa ń lo àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí láti ṣe àṣírò iye ìgbóná tí ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè fa, nípa fífi agbára àwọn ìfèsìpadà ojú-ọjọ́ (climate feedbacks) sínú ìṣírò náà.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolff|Shepherd|Shuckburgh|Watson|2015}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who "Who does climate modelling around the world?"]}}</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ tún máa ń sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí omi òkun ṣe ń yípo (ocean circulation), ìyípo ọdún àwọn àsìkò ọdún (seasons), àti bí kábọ́nù ṣe ń ṣàn láàárín ojú ilẹ̀ àti afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what "What is a climate model?"]}}</ref>
A máa ń dán bí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe bá òtítọ́ mu (physical realism) wò nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò agbára wọn láti ṣàfihàn ojú-ọjọ́ ìsinsìnyí tàbí ojú-ọjọ́ àtijọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó péye.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}}, FAQ 8.1.</ref> Àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kan ti dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìkù sí i ti yìnyín ní Arctic kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn,<ref>{{harvnb|Stroeve|Holland|Meier|Scambos|2007}}; {{harvnb|National Geographic, 13 August|2019}}</ref> wọ́n sì tún dín ìwọ̀n gidi ìbùsùn òjò tó ń pọ̀ sí i kù nínú àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ wọn.<ref>{{harvnb|Liepert|Previdi|2009}}.</ref> Bákan náà, àwọn àwòṣe àtijọ́ kò ṣe àṣírò ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun láti ọdún 1990 dé òní dáadáa. Ṣùgbọ́n àwọn àwòṣe tuntun jù lọ bá àwọn àkíyèsí gidi mu dáadáa.<ref>{{harvnb|Rahmstorf|Cazenave|Church|Hansen|2007}}; {{harvnb|Mitchum|Masters|Hamlington|Fasullo|2018}}</ref> Ìròyìn National Climate Assessment tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2017 sọ pé, “ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ ṣì ń dín agbára tàbí pàápàá kọ́ àwọn ìlànà ìfèsìpadà pàtàkì kan sílẹ̀ nínú ìṣírò wọn.”<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017}}.</ref> Ní àfikún sí i, ó ṣeé ṣe kí àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ má lè sọ àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ agbègbè tó máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àkókò kúkúrú di mímọ̀ pátápátá tàbí pẹ̀lú ìdánilójú tó péye.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hébert |first1=R. |last2=Herzschuh |first2=U. |last3=Laepple |first3=T. |date=31 October 2022 |title=Millennial-scale climate variability over land overprinted by ocean temperature fluctuations |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=899–905 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01056-4 |pmid=36817575 |pmc=7614181 |bibcode=2022NatGe..15..899H }}</ref>
Àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ kan tún máa ń fi àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwùjọ ènìyàn (societal factors) kún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì. Àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí máa ń ṣàfihàn bí iye ènìyàn (population), ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé, àti lílo agbára ṣe ń ní ipa lórí ojú-ọjọ́, àti bí wọ́n ṣe ń bá ètò ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ yìí, àwọn àwòṣe wọ̀nyí lè ṣe àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (scenarios) fún ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́jọ́ iwájú. Lẹ́yìn náà, a máa ń lo àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwọlé (input) fún àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́ fíísìkì àti àwọn àwòṣe ìyípo kábọ́nù (carbon cycle models), láti sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ bí ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe lè yí padà.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 15 January|2018|loc=[https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout "What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matthews|Gillett|Stott|Zickfeld|2009}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwòkọ́ṣe ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwòkọ́ṣe ìdínkù ìtújáde (mitigation scenario) ṣe yàtọ̀ síra, àwọn àwòṣe náà máa ń ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ láàárín 380 sí 1400 ppm (parts per million).<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 April|2018}}; {{harvnb|Meinshausen|2019|p=462}}.</ref>
== Àwọn Ìpa ==
[[Fáìlì:202505 Escalation of extreme heat - 247 countries - attribution to climate change.svg|thumb|Ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè àti àwọn agbègbè káàkiri ayé, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń ṣe ìwádìí nípa ìdí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an (extreme event attribution) ti parí sí ìpinnu pé ìgbóná ayé tí ènìyàn ń fa ti mú kí iye àwọn ọjọ́ tí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ju bí ó ti jẹ́ lábẹ́ ìwọ̀n àkókò pípẹ́ lọ.<ref name=WWA_20250530>{{cite web |last1=Giguere |first1=Otto |last2=Tanenenbaum |first2=Vahlbert |title=Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |publisher=Climate Central, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and World Weather Attribution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531004758/https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/Report_-Climate-Change-and-the-Escalation-of-Global-Extreme-Heat-Heat-Action-Day-2025.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2025 |date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}} Click on "Download the data", and in spreadsheet choose "Countries and territories" tab at bottom to view raw data</ref>]]
=== Àwọn Ìpa Lórí Àyíká ===
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí àyíká pọ̀ gan-an, wọ́n sì ń kan àwọn òkun, yìnyín, àti ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó jinlẹ̀. Àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí ní kíákíá. Ẹ̀rí fún àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí wá láti inú ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní àtijọ́, láti inú àwọn àwòṣe ojú-ọjọ́, àti láti inú àwọn àkíyèsí ìgbàlódé.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|Sato|Hearty|Ruedy|2016}}; {{harvnb|Smithsonian, 26 June|2016}}.</ref> Láti àwọn ọdún 1950 síwájú, ọ̀dá àti ìgbì ooru ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 15|2017|p=415}}.</ref> Ní India àti Ìlà Oòrùn Éṣíà, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òjò púpọ̀ gan-an tàbí àìní òjò tó le gan-an lákòókò àkókò monsoon ti pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Scientific American, 29 April|2014}}; {{harvnb|Burke|Stott|2017}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n òjò monsoon ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere) ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |last3=Ouyang |first3=Yu |last4=Wang |first4=Hui |last5=Qiao |first5=Shaobo |last6=Chen |first6=Guosen |last7=Dong |first7=Wenjie |date=19 April 2022 |title=Intraseasonal variability of global land monsoon precipitation and its recent trend |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/s41612-022-00253-7 |bibcode=2022npCAS...5...30L |issn=2397-3722 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìwọ̀n àti agbára òjò tí àwọn hurricane àti typhoon ń mú wá ń pọ̀ sí i,<ref name="USGCRP-2017">{{Harvnb|USGCRP Chapter 9|2017|p=260}}.</ref> ó sì tún ṣeé ṣe kí agbègbè tí wọ́n ti ń ṣẹlẹ̀ túbọ̀ gbòòrò sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù nítorí ìgbóná ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Joshua |last1=Studholme |first2=Alexey V. |last2=Fedorov |first3=Sergey K. |last3=Gulev |first4=Kerry |last4=Emanuel |first5=Kevin |last5=Hodges |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |date=29 December 2021 |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03560276 }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, iye ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tropical cyclone kò tíì pọ̀ sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Sea level history and projections.svg|thumb|Àtúntò ìtàn ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé àti àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2100 tí U.S. Global Change Research Program ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ní ọdún 2017.<ref>{{harvnb|NOAA|2017}}.</ref>]]
Ìpele omi òkun àgbáyé ń ga sí i gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde ìfẹ̀ síwájú omi nígbà tí ó bá gbóná (thermal expansion) àti yíyọ glaciers àti àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets). Ìwọ̀n ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní díẹ̀díẹ̀, tí ó dé 4.8 cm fún ọdún mẹ́wàá kọ̀ọ̀kan láàárín ọdún 2014 sí 2023.<ref>{{harvnb|WMO|2024a|p=6}}.</ref> Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún (21st century), IPCC ṣe àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní ìwọ̀n 32 sí 62 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde kékeré, 44 sí 76 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde àárín, àti 65 sí 101 cm lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=1302}}</ref> Àwọn ìlànà àìdúróṣinṣin yìnyín òkun (marine ice sheet instability) ní Antarctica lè fi kún àwọn iye wọ̀nyí ní ìwọ̀n tó lágbára.<ref>{{harvnb|DeConto|Pollard|2016}}</ref> Èyí pẹ̀lú àǹfààní pé ìpele omi òkun lè ga tó mítà méjì (2 m) kí ọdún 2100 tó dé lábẹ́ àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde tó ga gan-an.{{sfn|Bamber|Oppenheimer|Kopp|Aspinall|2019}}
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti fa kí yìnyín òkun ní Arctic máa dín kù ní ìwọ̀n àti sísànra fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{harvnb|Zhang|Lindsay|Steele|Schweiger|2008}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a retí pé àwọn ìgbà ooru tí kò ní yìnyín rárá ní Arctic (ice-free summers) yóò ṣọ̀wọ́n ní ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé 1.5 °C, wọ́n lè máa ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kan láàárín ọdún mẹ́ta sí mẹ́wàá nígbà tí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}}</ref> Bí ìwọ̀n carbon dioxide (CO₂) nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, CO₂ púpọ̀ sí i máa ń tú sínú àwọn òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí omi òkun di asidi sí i.<ref>{{Harvnb|Doney|Fabry|Feely|Kleypas|2009}}.</ref> Nítorí pé oxygen kì í tú sínú omi gbígbóná dáadáa bí ó ṣe ń tú sínú omi tútù,<ref>{{harvnb|Deutsch|Brix|Ito|Frenzel|2011}}</ref> ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú àwọn òkun ń dín kù. Ní àfikún, àwọn agbègbè omi tí kò ní oxygen tó (dead zones) ń gbòòrò sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}; {{cite web |title=Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms |date=5 September 2013 |url=https://www.epa.gov/habs/climate-change-and-freshwater-harmful-algal-blooms |publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
=== Àwọn Ojú-Ìyípadà Pàtàkì àti Àwọn Ìpa Àkókò Pípẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Tipping points 2022 list.jpeg|thumb|Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó yàtọ̀ síra lè mú kí àwọn apá kan nínú ètò ojú-ọjọ́ Ilẹ̀ Ayé dé àwọn tipping points, èyí tí ó lè fa ìyípadà láti ipò kan sí ipò mìíràn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipping Elements – big risks in the Earth System |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/infodesk/tipping-elements |publisher=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] |access-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-ArmstrongMcKay2022-210</ref>]]
Àwọn ìwọ̀n ìgbóná ayé tó ga sí i máa ń pọ̀ si ewu pé ayé lè kọjá àwọn tipping points—àwọn ààlà pàtàkì tí, bí a bá ti kọjá wọn, àwọn ipa ńlá kan kò ní ṣeé yẹra fún mọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n ooru bá padà sí ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=283}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Carbon Brief, 10 February|2020}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, Greenland ice sheet ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yo tẹ́lẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé láàárín 1.7 °C sí 2.3 °C, yíyọ rẹ̀ yóò máa bá a lọ títí tí yóò fi parí pátápátá. Bí a bá dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C tàbí kékeré ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ lẹ́yìn náà, Greenland ice sheet náà yóò ṣì pàdánù yìnyín púpọ̀ ju bí a kò bá jẹ́ kí ìwọ̀n ooru dé ààlà yẹn rárá ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ lọ.<ref name="Bochow2023">{{cite journal |last1=Bochow |first1=Nils |last2=Poltronieri |first2=Anna |last3=Robinson |first3=Alexander |last4=Montoya |first4=Marisa |last5=Rypdal |first5=Martin |last6=Boers |first6=Niklas |date=18 October 2023 |title=Overshooting the critical threshold for the Greenland ice sheet |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=528–536 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..528B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06503-9 |pmc=10584691 |pmid=37853149}}</ref> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yíyọ àwọn yìnyín ńlá (ice sheets) yóò gba ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, àwọn tipping points míì lè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní kíákíá sí i, tí yóò sì fi àkókò díẹ̀ sílẹ̀ fún àwọn àwùjọ láti fèsì sí wọn. Ìparun àwọn ìṣàn omi òkun pàtàkì bíi Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), àti ìbàjẹ́ tí kò ṣeé yí padà sí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pàtàkì bíi Amazon rainforest àti coral reefs, lè ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ péré.<ref name=":2" /> Ìparun AMOC yóò jẹ́ àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ tó burú gan-an, tí yóò sì fa ìtútù ní Àríwá Ilẹ̀ Ayé (Northern Hemisphere).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |date=25 July 2023 |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D }}</ref>
Àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní lórí àwọn òkun ní yíyọ yìnyín sí i, ìgbóná omi òkun sí i, ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification), àti ìdínkù oxygen nínú omi òkun (ocean deoxygenation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|p=21}}</ref> Àkókò tí àwọn ipa àkókò pípẹ́ wọ̀nyí máa gba jẹ́ láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún dé ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún, nítorí pé carbon dioxide (CO₂) máa ń dúró pípẹ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|pp=88–89|loc=FAQ 12.3}}</ref> Àbájáde rẹ̀ ni pé a ṣe àṣírò pé ìpele omi òkun yóò ga ní àpapọ̀ ìwọ̀n 2.3 mítà fún gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè 1 °C nínú ìwọ̀n ooru lẹ́yìn ọdún 2000.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|Schneider|Oppenheimer|Yohe|2009}}; {{harvnb|Levermann|Clark|Marzeion|Milne|2013}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n tí àwọn òkun fi ń gba CO₂ lọ́wọ́ jẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí dídí omi òkun sí asidi yóò tún máa bá a lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọgọ́rùn-ún tàbí ẹgbẹ̀ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013|p=1112}} Àwọn apá jinlẹ̀ nínú òkun (tó jin ju 2,000 mítà lọ) ti ti fara mọ́ ìpadánù tó ju 10% nínú oxygen tí ó tú sínú omi wọn nítorí ìgbóná ayé tí ó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ títí di òní.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oschlies |first1=Andreas |title=A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 April 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=2307 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4 |pmid=33863893 |pmc=8052459 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2307O }}</ref> Ní àfikún, ó dà bíi pé West Antarctic ice sheet ti dé ipò tí yíyọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti dá dúró mọ́. Bí yíyọ yìí bá tẹ̀síwájú, ó lè mú kí ìpele omi òkun ga ní ó kéré tán 3.3 mítà láàárín àkókò tó fẹrẹ̀ tó ọdún 2,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Lau2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=Sally C. Y. |last2=Wilson |first2=Nerida G. |last3=Golledge |first3=Nicholas R. |last4=Naish |first4=Tim R. |last5=Watts |first5=Phillip C. |last6=Silva |first6=Catarina N. S. |last7=Cooke |first7=Ira R. |last8=Allcock |first8=A. Louise |last9=Mark |first9=Felix C. |last10=Linse |first10=Katrin |date=21 December 2023 |title=Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=382 |issue=6677 |pages=1384–1389 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.1384L |doi=10.1126/science.ade0664 |pmid=38127761 }}</ref><ref name="Naughten2023">{{cite journal |last1=Naughten |first1=Kaitlin A. |last2=Holland |first2=Paul R. |last3=De Rydt |first3=Jan |date=23 October 2023 |title=Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=1222–1228 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1222N |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01818-x |doi-access=free}}</ref>
=== Ìṣẹ̀dá àti Ẹ̀dá Alààyè ===
Ìgbóná ayé tó ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí ti mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko àti ewéko ilẹ̀ àti omi tútù (freshwater species) máa ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=218}}.</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, agbègbè tí ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn ẹyẹ ní Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ń gbé ti yí lọ sí àríwá ní ìwọ̀n àárín 1.5 km fún ọdún kan láàárín ọdún 55 sẹ́yìn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martins |first1=Paulo Mateus |last2=Anderson |first2=Marti J. |last3=Sweatman |first3=Winston L. |last4=Punnett |first4=Andrew J. |date=9 April 2024 |title=Significant shifts in latitudinal optima of North American birds |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=121 |issue=15 |article-number=e2307525121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2307525121 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=11009622 |pmid=38557189 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12107525M }}</ref> Ìpọ̀ carbon dioxide (CO₂) tó pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ àti gígùn sí i ti àkókò ìdagba ewéko (growing season) ti fa ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú-ewéko pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé (global greening). Ṣùgbọ́n, ìgbì ooru àti ọ̀dá ti dín agbára àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) láti ṣe iṣẹ́ wọn dáadáa kù ní àwọn agbègbè kan. Kò tíì ṣe kedere bí ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì àwọn ipa méjèèjì wọ̀nyí yóò ṣe rí lọ́jọ́ iwájú.{{Sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|p=133}} Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ mìíràn tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ni ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn ewéko igi sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun (woody plant encroachment), èyí tí ń kan tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún mílíọ̀nù márùn-ún (500 million hectares) káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Yuanhong |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoyan |last3=Shi |first3=Fangzhong |last4=Hu |first4=Xia |date=December 2021 |title=Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water-use efficiency |journal=[[Global Ecology and Biogeography]] |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=2337–2353 |bibcode=2021GloEB..30.2337D |doi=10.1111/geb.13386 }}</ref> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ti kópa nínú ìgbòòrò àwọn agbègbè ojú-ọjọ́ gbígbẹ, bíi ìgbòòrò àwọn aṣálẹ̀ ní agbègbè subtropical.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Zeng|Yoon|2009}}.</ref> Ìwọ̀n àti iyara ìgbóná ayé lóde òní ń mú kí àwọn ìyípadà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nínú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ṣẹlẹ̀ ní rọrùn sí i.{{Sfn|Turner|Calder|Cumming|Hughes|2020|p=1}} Ní àpapọ̀, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa píparẹ́ ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀yà ewéko àti ẹranko kúrò ní ayé.{{Sfn|Urban|2015}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn òkun ti gbóná ní ìwọ̀n tó lọra ju ilẹ̀ lọ, àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko inú òkun ti ṣí lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó tútù sí i lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ pólù ní iyara tó ga ju ti àwọn ẹ̀yà tó ń gbé lórí ilẹ̀ lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|Poloczanska|Brown|Sydeman|Kiessling|2013}}; {{harvnb|Lenoir|Bertrand|Comte|Bourgeaud|2020}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí lórí ilẹ̀, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun (marine heatwaves) náà ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Èyí sì ń ba ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀dá alààyè jẹ́, pẹ̀lú coral, kelp àti àwọn ẹyẹ òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|Smale|Wernberg|Oliver|Thomsen|2019}}</ref> Dídí omi òkun sí asidi (ocean acidification) ń jẹ́ kí ó ṣòro fún àwọn ẹ̀dá inú òkun tó ń dá ìkarahun tàbí egungun kalisíọ́mù ṣe (marine calcifying organisms), bíi mussels, barnacles àti coral, láti dá àwọn ìkarahun àti egungun wọn sílẹ̀. Ní àfikún, àwọn ìgbì ooru inú òkun ti fa fífúnfun coral reefs (coral bleaching).{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=13}} Àwọn ìdàgbàsókè algae tó lè ṣèpalára (harmful algal blooms), tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti eutrophication ń mú lágbára sí i, ń dín ìwọ̀n oxygen nínú omi kù, ń da àwọn àkójọpọ̀ oúnjẹ inú omi (food webs) rú, tí wọ́n sì ń fa ìpadánù ńlá nínú àwọn ẹ̀dá alààyè inú òkun.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=510}}</ref> Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè etíkun (coastal ecosystems) wà lábẹ́ ìnira pàtàkì. Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdajì gbogbo àwọn ilẹ̀ olómi (wetlands) káàkiri ayé ni a ti pàdánù nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa mìíràn tí ènìyàn ń fa.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019|p=451}} Àwọn ewéko náà ti wà lábẹ́ ìnira tó pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fa sí wọn.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Azevedo-Schmidt |first1=Lauren |last2=Meineke |first2=Emily K. |last3=Currano |first3=Ellen D. |date=18 October 2022 |title=Insect herbivory within modern forests is greater than fossil localities |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |language=en |volume=119 |issue=42 |article-number=e2202852119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202852119 |doi-access=free |pmid=36215482 |pmc=9586316 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902852A |issn=0027-8424 }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Climate change impacts on the environment'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt=Underwater photograph of branching coral that is bleached white| Ìparun ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè. Fífúnfun coral (coral bleaching) tí ó jẹ́ àbájáde ìnira ooru (thermal stress) ti fa ìbàjẹ́ sí Great Barrier Reef, ó sì ń fi àwọn coral reefs káàkiri ayé sínú ewu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/ |title=Coral Reef Risk Outlook |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=4 April 2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |quote=At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.}}</ref>
File:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt=Photograph of evening in a valley settlement. The skyline in the hills beyond is lit up red from the fires.|Ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an. Ọ̀dá àti ìwọ̀n ooru tó ga mú kí àwọn iná igbó tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Australia ní ọdún 2020 burú sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 7 January|2020}}.</ref>
File:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt=The green landscape is interrupted by a huge muddy scar where the ground has subsided.|Ìgbóná Arctic. Yíyọ permafrost ń fa ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ó sì ń tú methane, ọ̀kan lára àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná, sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name="Turetsky 2019"/>
File:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear (cropped).jpg|alt=An emaciated polar bear stands atop the remains of a melting ice floe.|Ìparun ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ẹranko Arctic ń gbára lé yìnyín òkun fún ìyè wọn, ṣùgbọ́n yìnyín náà ti ń dín kù bí Arctic ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014|p=1596}}: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live."</ref>
File:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt=Photograph of a large area of forest. The green trees are interspersed with large patches of damaged or dead trees turning purple-brown and light red.|Ìtànkálẹ̀ kòkòrò ajenirun. Àwọn òtútù ìgbà òtútù tó rọrùn ń jẹ́ kí kòkòrò pine beetle púpọ̀ sí i yè, èyí tí ń jẹ́ kí wọ́n pa àwọn agbègbè igbó ńlá run.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm |title=What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
</gallery>
|}
=== Àwọn Ènìyàn ===
[[Fáìlì:20211109 Frequency of extreme weather for different degrees of global warming - bar chart IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM.svg|thumb|Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an yóò máa di wọ́pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀ bí Ilẹ̀ Ayé ṣe ń gbóná sí i.<ref name=IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=Fig. SPM.6
|page=SPM-23}}</ref>]]
Àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń kan ènìyàn káàkiri gbogbo ayé.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=[[Nature Sustainability]] |year=2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> A lè rí àwọn ipa wọ̀nyí lórí gbogbo kọ́ntínẹ́ǹtì àti àwọn agbègbè òkun.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014|pp=983, 1008}}</ref> Àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní latitude kékeré àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí kò tíì dàgbà dáadáa ló ń dojú kọ ewu tó pọ̀ jù.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014|p=1077}}.</ref> Ìgbóná ayé tó ń tẹ̀síwájú lè ní àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tí ó tàn káàkiri, tí kò sì ṣeé yí padà rọrùn fún ènìyàn àti fún àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2|p=8}}</ref> Àwọn ewu wọ̀nyí kò pín déédéé, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n máa ń kan àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lágbára jù lọ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àti àwọn tó ti dàgbà.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=SPM 2.3|p=13}}</ref>
=== Ìlera àti Oúnjẹ ===
Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (World Health Organization) pe ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ewu tó tóbi jù lọ sí ìlera àgbáyé ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref name=WHO_Nov_2023/> Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ti kìlọ̀ nípa àwọn ìpalára tó lè jẹ́ àìtúnṣe tí ó ń fa.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023>{{harvnb|Romanello|2023}}</ref> Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń kan ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú ààbò oúnjẹ àti omi.<ref name=nca2018_ch14>{{harvnb|Ebi et al.|2018}}</ref><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022>{{harvnb|Romanello|2022}}</ref><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}</ref> Ìwọn otutu tó pọ̀ ju tàbí tó kéré ju ń fa ìbànújẹ̀ ìlera àti ìkú sí i.<ref name=nca2018_ch14/><ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń mú kí ìgbàgbọ́ àti agbára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2022/><ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ó tún lè ní ipa lórí bí àwọn àrùn àkóràn ṣe ń tàn, bíi dengue fever àti malaria.<ref name=Romanello_et_al_2023/><ref name=nca2018_ch14/> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, a retí pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ yóò fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 14.5 sí i títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=4}}</ref> Ní ìsinsìnyí, ìdá 30% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé ní agbègbè tí ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) tó pọ̀ ti ń fa ikú pọ̀ sí i.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017>{{harvnb|Carbon Brief, 19 June|2017}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mora et al.|2017}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2100, a retí pé ìdá 50% sí 75% nínú àwọn ènìyàn ayé yóò wà ní irú àwọn agbègbè bẹ́ẹ̀.<ref name=Carbon_Brief_2017/><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022|p=988}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkórè gbogbo àwọn irè oko ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún méjìdínlógún sẹ́yìn (50 years) nítorí ìmúgbòòrò nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti ti dín ìyara ìdàgbàsókè ìkórè kù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìpẹja (fisheries) ti fara mọ́ ìpalára ní ọ̀pọ̀ agbègbè.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìdàgbàsókè iṣẹ́ ogbin ti rí àǹfààní ní àwọn agbègbè gíga latitude, àwọn agbègbè aárín àti kékeré latitude ni ipa búburú ti kan jù.<ref name=IPCC_AR6_WG2_p9/> Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún ń ní ipa lórí ibi tí ilẹ̀ bá yẹ fún irè oko, nípa mímú kí àwọn agbègbè tí irè oko kan lè dàgbà máa lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tó sún mọ́ pólù àti sí àwọn ibi gíga sí i.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}} {{Free-content attribution |this = yes | license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd | license = CC BY 4.0}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí World Economic Forum ṣe sọ, ìpọ̀ sí i nínú ọ̀dá ní àwọn agbègbè kan lè fa ikú mílíọ̀nù 3.2 nítorí àìní oúnjẹ (malnutrition), àti ìdàgbàsókè kùrọ̀ nínú àwọn ọmọde títí di ọdún 2050.<ref>{{harvnb|World Economic Forum|2024|p=24}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú ìgbóná 2 °C, a lè rí ìdínkù 7% sí 10% nínú iye ẹran-ọ̀sin àgbáyé títí di ọdún 2050, nítorí pé oúnjẹ ẹran-ọ̀sin yóò dín kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022|p=748}}</ref> Bí ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná bá ń tẹ̀síwájú láti pọ̀ sí i títí di òpin ọ̀rúndún, ó lè fa ikú tó ju mílíọ̀nù 9 lọ lọ́dọọdún títí di ọdún 2100 nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=63}}</ref>
=== Ìṣúná, Ìgbésí-ayé àti Àìdọ́gba ===
Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fà lè le gan-an, ó sì lè ní àbájáde tó burú púpọ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|DeFries|Edenhofer|Halliday|Heal|2019|p=3}}; {{harvnb|Krogstrup|Oman|2019|p=10}}.</ref> Àwọn ipa tó le gan-an ni a retí ní Guusu-Ìlà-Oòrùn Éṣíà àti ní Sub-Saharan Africa, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn níbẹ̀ gbára lé àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn àdánidá àti iṣẹ́ ogbin.<ref name="FAO-2021">{{Cite book |title=Women's leadership and gender equality in climate action and disaster risk reduction in Africa − A call for action |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] & The African Risk Capacity (ARC) Group |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-135234-2 |location=Accra |doi=10.4060/cb7431en }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|pp=796–797}}</ref> Ìgbóná ara (heat stress) lè dá iṣẹ́ àwọn tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta gbangba dúró. Bí ìgbóná ayé bá dé 4 °C, agbára iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ní àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí lè dín kù láàárín 30% sí 50%.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|p=725}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ World Bank ṣe sọ, láàárín ọdún 2016 sí 2030, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lè fa kí ọ̀pọ̀ ju mílíọ̀nù 120 ènìyàn lọ wọ ipò òṣì gidi (extreme poverty) bí a kò bá ṣe ìmúdáṣe (adaptation).{{Sfn|Hallegatte|Bangalore|Bonzanigo|Fay|2016|p=12}}
Àìdọ́gba nínú ọrọ̀ ajé àti ipo àwùjọ ti túbọ̀ burú sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014|p=796}}.</ref> Àwọn ènìyàn tí a ti yọ kúrò nínú ààbò àwùjọ (marginalized people), tí wọ́n sì ní àkóso kékèké lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn, ń dojú kọ ìṣòro ńlá nípa dídènà, ìmúdáṣe (adaptation), àti ìtúnpadà lẹ́yìn ìpalára ojú-ọjọ́.<ref name="Grabe-2014">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref><ref name="FAO-2021" /> Àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀ (indigenous people), tí ìgbésí ayé wọn gbára lé ilẹ̀ àti àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè wọn, yóò dojú kọ ewu sí ìlera wọn àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé wọn nítorí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn amòye fi hàn pé ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ lórí ìjà ogun (armed conflict) ti kéré gan-an ní ìfiwépọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ohun mìíràn bíi àìdọ́gba ọrọ̀ ajé àti agbára ìjọba.{{Sfn|Mach|Kraan|Adger|Buhaug|2019}}
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn obìnrin kò sí nínú ewu tó pọ̀ ju lọ láti inú ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpalára rẹ̀ nípa àdánidá, àwọn ààlà tó wà lórí àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn tí wọ́n lè lò àti àwọn àṣà ìyàsọ́tọ̀ akọ àti abo (gender norms) ń dín agbára wọn láti fara da ìyípadà (adaptation) àti láti bọ́ lára ìpalára kù.<ref name="FAO-2023">{{Cite book |title=The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc5060en }} {{Free-content attribution |this=yes | license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf |license = CC BY-SA 3.0}}</ref> Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ẹrù iṣẹ́ àwọn obìnrin, pẹ̀lú iye wákàtí tí wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, máa ń dín kù ní ìwọ̀n tó kere ju ti àwọn ọkùnrin lọ nígbà àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an bíi ìnira ìgbóná ara (heat stress).<ref name="FAO-2023" />
Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ń fi ọrọ̀ ajé eré ìdárayá sínú ewu nípa dídarú àwọn àsìkò ìdíje, bíbà àwọn ohun amáyédẹrùn jẹ́, àti dídín ìkópa àti ìfẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ eré ìdárayá kù. Àwọn ewu tó ń farahàn kánkán jù lọ ni a ti rí nínú bọ́ọ̀lù, àwọn eré ìdárayá ìgbà òtútù, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ eré ìdárayá tí a máa ń ṣe níta gbangba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate shocks threaten $2.3 trillion global sports economy, study warns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/climate-shocks-threaten-23-trillion-global-sports-economy-study-warns-5953021 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
=== Ìṣíkiri Ojú-ọjọ́ ===
Àwọn erékùṣù tó wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré àti àwọn àwùjọ etíkun wà lábẹ́ ewu ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, èyí tí ń mú kí ìkún omi ní àwọn ìlú máa ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà púpọ̀ sí i. Ní àwọn ibi kan, ilẹ̀ lè pàdánù lọ sí inú òkun títí láé.{{Sfn|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019|p=328}} Èyí lè fa àìní orílẹ̀-èdè (statelessness) fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè erékùṣù bíi Maldives àti Tuvalu.<ref>{{harvnb|UNHCR|2011|p=3}}.</ref> Ní àwọn agbègbè kan, ìgbóná àti ìrì omi gbígbóná (humidity) lè pọ̀ tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí ènìyàn kò ní lè fara da wọn mọ́.{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=399}} Ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ bá burú jù lọ, àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe (models) fi hàn pé àwọn agbègbè tí ó fẹ́rẹ̀ tó ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn ènìyàn ayé ń gbé lè di ibi tí kò ṣeé gbé mọ́, pẹ̀lú ojú-ọjọ́ tó gbóná gan-an tí ó dàbí ti aginjù.<ref>{{harvnb|Balsari|Dresser|Leaning|2020}}</ref>
Àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí lè fa ìṣíkiri nítorí ojú-ọjọ́ tàbí àyíká, láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè kan tàbí láàárín orílẹ̀-èdè oriṣiriṣi.<ref name="Cattaneo-2019">{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}}; {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022|pp=15, 53}}</ref> A retí pé àwọn ènìyàn púpọ̀ sí i ni yóò fi ilé wọn sílẹ̀ nítorí ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun, àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an, àti àwọn ìjà tí ó lè wáyé nítorí ìdíje tó pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn ohun àmúlò àdánidá. Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tún lè mú kí àwọn ènìyàn túbọ̀ wà nínú ipò àìlera sí ewu. Èyí lè yọrí sí ohun tí a ń pè ní “àwọn olùgbé tí a dì mọ́ ibi kan” (trapped populations), ìyẹn àwọn ènìyàn tí kò lè ṣíkiri lọ sí ibòmíràn nítorí àìní àwọn ohun àmúlò tàbí ọrọ̀ ajé tó yẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Flavell|2014|p=38}}; {{harvnb|Kaczan|Orgill-Meyer|2020}}</ref>
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File:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|Ìṣíkiri nítorí àyíká. Ìdínkù nínú iye ìròjò ń fa ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀, èyí tí ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin tí ó sì lè fa ìṣíkiri àwọn ènìyàn. Àwòrán: Telly, Mali (2008).<ref>{{harvnb|Serdeczny|Adams|Baarsch|Coumou|2016}}.</ref>
File:Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg|Àwọn ìyípadà nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin. Ọ̀dá, ìgbóná tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ tó le gan-an ń ní ipa búburú lórí iṣẹ́ ogbin. Àwòrán: Texas, Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà (2013).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=439, 464}}.</ref>
File:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|Ìkún omi ìgbà omi òkun (tidal flooding). Ìgbàgbéga ìpele omi òkun ń mú kí ìkún omi pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun tí ilẹ̀ wọn wà ní ibi gígùn omi kékeré. Àwòrán: Venice, Italy (2004).<ref name="NOAAnuisance">{{cite web|url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nuisance-flooding.html |title=What is nuisance flooding? |author=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref>
File:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|Ìmúgbára àwọn ìjì sí i. Bangladesh lẹ́yìn Cyclone Sidr ní ọdún 2007 jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìkún omi àjálù tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ nítorí ìpọ̀ sí i nínú iye ìròjò.<ref>{{harvnb|Kabir|Khan|Ball|Caldwell|2016}}.</ref>
File:Argentina geos5 202211.jpg|Ìmúgbóná sí i nínú ìgbì ooru (heat wave). Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ bíi ìgbì ooru Gúúsù Kónì (Southern Cone) ọdún 2022 ń di wọ́pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|Vautard|van Aalst|Boucher|Drouin|2020}}.</ref>
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== Dídín Ìtújáde Gáàsì Amúnágbóná Kù àti Mímú Wọ́n Padà Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse gas emission scenarios 01.svg|thumb|Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé, tí a dá lórí àwọn ìlànà àti àwọn ìlérí tó wà ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021.]]
A lè dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù nípa dídín ìwọ̀n ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná sínú afẹ́fẹ́ kù, àti nípa mímú kí ìwọ̀n yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014|p=125}}.</ref> Láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìsàlẹ̀ 2 °C, ó ṣe pàtàkì kí ìtújáde gbogbo àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé dé ipò net-zero ní ọdún 2070.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p12">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=12}}</ref> Èyí yóò nílò àwọn ìyípadà tó jinlẹ̀, tó gbòòrò, tí a kò tíì rí irú wọn rí tẹ́lẹ̀, nínú agbára (energy), lílo ilẹ̀, àwọn ìlú, ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn ilé, àti ẹ̀ka iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=15}}</ref>
Àjọ Ìparí Àyíká ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (United Nations Environment Programme) ṣírò pé àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè gbọ́dọ̀ mú àwọn ìlérí wọn lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris (Paris Agreement) pọ̀ sí i ní ìlọ́po mẹ́ta láàárín ọdún mẹ́wàá tó ń bọ̀ láti lè fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|p=XX}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìlérí tí a ti ṣe lábẹ́ Àdéhùn Paris títí di ọdún 2024, àǹfààní 66% wà pé ìgbóná ayé yóò wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ 2.8 °C ní òpin ọ̀rúndún yìí (láàárín 1.9–3.7 °C), gẹ́gẹ́ bí bí a ṣe mú àwọn ìlérí náà ṣẹ àti ìlọsíwájú imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ. Tí a bá ka àwọn ìlànà tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ nìkan sí, ìwọ̀n yìí yóò pọ̀ sí 3.1 °C.{{sfn|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|pp=33, 34}} Lágbàáyé, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C lè mú àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé tó ga ju iye owó àti inawo tí a fi ṣe é lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch3|2022|p=300}}: "The global benefits of pathways limiting warming to 2 °C (>67%) outweigh global mitigation costs over the 21st century, if aggregated economic impacts of climate change are at the moderate to high end of the assessed range, and a weight consistent with economic theory is given to economic impacts over the long term. This holds true even without accounting for benefits in other sustainable development dimensions or nonmarket damages from climate change (medium confidence)."</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò sí ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 2 °C,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=109}}.</ref> ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe àti ìlànà ń fi hàn pé lílo agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) gbọ́dọ̀ pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency measures) sílò, láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn ìdínkù tó yẹ nínú ìtújáde àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Teske, ed. 2019 xxiii">{{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxiii}}.</ref> Láti dín ìnira lórí àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) kù àti láti mú agbára wọn láti gba carbon dioxide pamọ́ pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ìyípadà tún yóò jẹ́ dandan nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin àti ìtọ́jú igbó.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}</ref> Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí lè ní dídènà pípa igbó run (deforestation) àti mímú àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè àdánidá padà bọ̀ sípò nípasẹ̀ ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation).<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018|p=266}}: "Where reforestation is the restoration of natural ecosystems, it benefits both carbon sequestration and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services."</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà míì láti dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù ní ìwọ̀n ewu tó ga sí i. Àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C sábà máa ń fi hàn pé yóò jẹ́ dandan láti lo àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ gan-an ní gbogbo ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún.<ref>{{harvnb|Bui|Adjiman|Bardow|Anthony|2018|p=1068}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìbànújẹ̀ kan wà nípa fífi ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé púpọ̀ jù lórí àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ wọ̀nyí, àti nípa àwọn ipa tí wọ́n lè ní lórí àyíká.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018|p=17}}</ref>
Ìyípadà ìtọ́sọ́nà ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn (Solar Radiation Modification, SRM) jẹ́ àbá kan fún dídín ìgbóná ayé kù nípa fífi díẹ̀ lára ìmọ́lẹ̀ oòrùn padà sí òde ayé dípò kí ó dé ojú Ilẹ̀ Ayé. Nítorí pé ọ̀nà yìí kò dín iye àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná kù nínú afẹ́fẹ́, kò ní yanjú ìṣòro àsídìtì òkun (ocean acidification),<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021|pp=|p=768}}</ref> a kò sì ka a sí ọ̀nà pàtàkì fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù (mitigation).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=619}}</ref> A gbọ́dọ̀ wo SRM gẹ́gẹ́ bí àfikún sí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù, kì í ṣe gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí yóò rọ́pò wọn,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=624}}</ref> nítorí àwọn ewu bíi ìgbóná ayé tó lè pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá bí a bá dá lílo rẹ̀ dúró lójijì tí a kò sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lò ó.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=629}}</ref> Ọ̀nà tí a ti ṣe ìwádìí lé lórí jù lọ ni fífi àwọn patíkù kéékèèké (aerosols) sínú stratosphere (stratospheric aerosol injection).<ref name="auto">{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Ch14|2022|pp=|p=1494}}</ref> SRM lè dín ìgbóná ayé àti díẹ̀ lára àwọn ipa rẹ̀ kù, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò lè ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní pípé.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|p=625}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ó ní àwọn ewu fún àyíká, bíi yíyí àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìròjò padà,<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021|pp=625–627}}</ref> ó sì tún gbé àwọn ìbéèrè òṣèlú dìde, bí ẹni tàbí ẹgbẹ́ wo ni yóò ní agbára láti pinnu bóyá a gbọ́dọ̀ lò ó tàbí béẹ̀ kọ́.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Agbára Mímọ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Global Energy Consumption.svg|thumb|Èédú, epo rọ̀bì, àti gáàsì àdánidá ṣì jẹ́ àwọn orísun agbára pàtàkì jù lọ ní àgbáyé, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé lílo agbára àtúnlò ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i ní ìyara.<ref>{{harvnb|Friedlingstein|Jones|O'Sullivan|Andrew|2019}}</ref><ref name=GlobalCarbonBudget_2025>{{cite web |title=GCB 2025 |url=https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |publisher=Global Carbon Budget |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208191859/https://globalcarbonbudget.org/gcb-2025/ |archive-date=8 February 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}} GCB links to downloadable data at {{cite web |title=Figures from the Global Carbon Budget 2025 / 34: Global energy use by category |url=https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |publisher=CICERO Center for International Climate Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301111528/https://robbieandrew.github.io/GCB2025/ |archive-date=1 March 2026 |date=2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Fáìlì:Lisberg Burg Windräder Solar power PC313027.jpg|thumb|Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn, Jámánì.]]
Agbára àtúnlò (renewable energy) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì jù lọ fún dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-300</ref> Fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, àwọn epo fósílì (fossil fuels) ti ń pèsè nǹkan bí ìdá 80% nínú gbogbo agbára tí ayé ń lò.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18}}</ref> Ìpín tó kù ni a ti pín láàárín agbára nukilia (nuclear power) àti àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò, pẹ̀lú agbára omi (hydropower), agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy), agbára afẹ́fẹ́, agbára oòrùn àti agbára inú ilẹ̀ (geothermal energy).<ref>{{harvnb|REN21|2020|p=32|loc=Fig.1}}.</ref> A retí pé lílo epo fósílì yóò dé ibi gíga rẹ̀ jù lọ kí ọdún 2030 tó dé, lẹ́yìn náà yóò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ní pàtàkì lílo èédú, èyí tí a retí pé yóò ní ìdínkù tó pọ̀ jù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA World Energy Outlook 2023|pp=18,26}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2023, agbára àtúnlò jẹ́ ìdá 86% nínú gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò tuntun fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná tí a fi kún un káàkiri ayé.<ref name="IRENA">{{cite web |title=Record Growth in Renewables, but Progress Needs to be Equitable |url=https://www.irena.org/News/pressreleases/2024/Mar/Record-Growth-in-Renewables-but-Progress-Needs-to-be-Equitable |website=IRENA |date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Àwọn irú agbára mímọ́ mìíràn, bíi agbára nukilia àti agbára omi, ní ìsinsìnyí ní ìpín tó tóbi nínú ìpèsè agbára. Síbẹ̀, àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fi hàn pé ìdàgbàsókè wọn lọ́jọ́ iwájú lè ní ààlà tó pọ̀ ju ti agbára àtúnlò lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2021|p=57, Fig 2.5}}; {{harvnb|Teske|Pregger|Naegler|Simon|2019|p=180, Table 8.1}}</ref>
Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn pánẹ́ẹ̀lì oòrùn (solar panels) àti àwọn ẹ̀rọ agbára afẹ́fẹ́ tó wà lórí ilẹ̀ (onshore wind) ti di ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà tí iye owó wọn kéré jù lọ fún fífi agbára iná mànàmáná tuntun kún un ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi,<ref>{{harvnb|Our World in Data-Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?}}; {{harvnb| IEA – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020}}</ref> àwọn ìlànà ìjọba tó ń gbé agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ ṣi jẹ́ dandan láti ṣàṣeyọrí ìyípadà kíákíá láti inú epo fósílì sí agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |title=IPCC Working Group III report: Mitigation of Climate Change |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}</ref> Láti lè dé ipò àìdọ́gba carbon (carbon neutrality) ní ọdún 2050, agbára àtúnlò yóò di orísun pàtàkì jù lọ fún ìmújáde iná mànàmáná. Ní àwọn àwòkọ́ṣe kan, a retí pé ìpín rẹ̀ yóò dé ìdá 85% tàbí ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ní ọdún 2050. Ní àfikún, ìfowópamọ́ sínú èédú yóò dópin, a ó sì fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ mú lílo èédú parí pátápátá kí ọdún 2050 tó dé.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|loc=Figure 2.15|p=131}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Teske|2019|pp=409–410}}.</ref>
Iná mànàmáná tí a ń mú jáde láti inú àwọn orísun agbára àtúnlò yóò tún ní láti di orísun agbára pàtàkì fún ìmúgbóná ilé àti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò.<ref>{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3|p=XXIII}}; {{harvnb|Teske, ed.|2019|p=xxvii, Fig.5}}.</ref> Ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò lè yí padà kúrò ní lílo àwọn ọkọ̀ tí ẹ́ńjìnnì ìjóná inú (internal combustion engine) ń ṣiṣẹ́, kí ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná, ọkọ̀ ìrinna gbogbo ènìyàn (public transit), àti àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tí ara ẹni ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú agbára ara bíi kẹ̀kẹ́ àti rírìn ẹsẹ̀.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142">{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=142–144}}; {{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2019|loc=Table ES.3 & p. 49}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fún ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti ọkọ̀ òfurufú, lílo àwọn epo tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon fuels) lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name="IPCC-2018 p142" /> Ìmúgbóná ilé àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tún lè dín ìtújáde carbon kù sí i nípasẹ̀ lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|p=697}}; {{harvnb|NREL|2017|pp=vi, 12}}</ref>
Àwọn ìdènà kan ṣì wà sí ìdàgbàsókè kíákíá tí agbára mímọ́, pẹ̀lú agbára àtúnlò, ń ní.<ref>{{harvnb|Berrill|Arvesen|Scholz|Gils|2016}}.</ref> Agbára afẹ́fẹ́ àti agbára oòrùn kì í mú agbára jáde ní gbogbo àkókò, wọ́n sì máa ń yàtọ̀ síra gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkókò ọdún ṣe yí padà. Ní àṣà ìbílẹ̀, àwọn odò omi tí a fi ibi ìkó omi pamọ́ (reservoirs) ṣe àti àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ iná mànàmáná tí epo fósílì ń ṣiṣẹ́ ni a máa ń lò nígbà tí ìmújáde agbára láti àwọn orísun wọ̀nyí bá dín kù. Ní ọjọ́ iwájú, a lè mú agbára ìpamọ́ batiri pọ̀ sí i, a sì lè ṣètò kí ìbéèrè àti ìpèsè agbára bá ara wọn mu. Bákan náà, fífi agbára ránṣẹ́ jìnà sí ibi tí a ti ń mú un jáde lè dín ìyàtọ̀ nínú ìmújáde agbára àtúnlò kù.<ref name=":3" /> Agbára láti inú ohun alààyè (bioenergy) kì í ṣe agbára tí kò ní ìtújáde carbon ní gbogbo ìgbà, ó sì lè ní àwọn ipa búburú lórí ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=324–325}}.</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára nukilia jẹ́ ohun tí ariyanjiyan ń díwọ̀n rẹ̀ nítorí àwọn àníyàn nípa egbin ipanilára redio (radioactive waste), ìtànkálẹ̀ ohun ìjà nukilia, àti àwọn ìjàmbá tó lè ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Citec|last1=Gill |first1=Matthew |last2=Livens |first2=Francis |last3=Peakman |first3=Aiden |in=Letcher |year=2020 |pages=147–149 |chapter=Nuclear Fission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=January 2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=[[Ambio]] |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |issn=1654-7209 |pmc=4678124 |pmid=26667059|bibcode=2016Ambio..45S..38H }}</ref> Ìdàgbàsókè agbára omi náà ní àwọn ààlà rẹ̀, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ibi tó dára jù lọ fún ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ni a ti lò tẹ́lẹ̀, àti pé àwọn iṣẹ́ tuntun ń dojú kọ àwọn àníyàn àwùjọ àti ti àyíká tó ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |access-date=12 October 2020 |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.}}</ref>
Agbára tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré (low-carbon energy) ń mú ìlera àwọn ènìyàn sunwọ̀n sí i nípa dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù àti nípa dídín iye àwọn ikú tí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ ń fa kù.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1854}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}</ref> A ṣírò pé ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́ fa ikú nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méje ènìyàn lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2016.<ref>{{harvnb|Watts|Amann|Arnell|Ayeb-Karlsson|2019|p=1837}}; {{harvnb|WHO|2016}}</ref> Ṣíṣe àṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn Àdéhùn Paris tí ń gbìmọ̀ láti fi dín ìgbóná ayé kù sí ìwọ̀n tí kò ju 2 °C lọ lè gba nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn là lọ́dọọdún ní ọdún 2050. Ní ọwọ́ kejì, dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C lè gba ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn là, nígbà kan náà sì lè mú ààbò agbára sunwọ̀n sí i àti dín òṣì kù.<ref>{{harvnb|WHO|2018|p=27}}; {{harvnb|Vandyck|Keramidas|Kitous|Spadaro|2018}}; {{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=97}}: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration."</ref> Mímú afẹ́fẹ́ di mímọ́ sí i tún ní àwọn àǹfààní ọrọ̀ ajé, tí ó lè tóbi ju iye owó tí a ná fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022|p=300}}</ref>
=== Ìfi Agbára Pamọ́ ===
Dídín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù jẹ́ apá pàtàkì mìíràn nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=97}}</ref> Tí agbára tí a nílò bá dín kù, yóò rọrùn sí i láti gbé ìdàgbàsókè agbára mímọ́ lárugẹ. Ó tún máa ń jẹ́ kí iṣakoso àkójọpọ̀ iná mànàmáná (electricity grid) rọrùn, ó sì ń dín àìní láti kọ́ àwọn amáyédẹrùn tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga kù.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|p=29}}; {{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref> Láti lè ṣàṣeyọrí àwọn àfojúsùn ojú-ọjọ́, yóò jẹ́ dandan kí ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa (energy efficiency) pọ̀ sí i gidigidi, ní ìwọ̀n tó jọ iye ìfowópamọ́ tí a ń ṣe sínú agbára àtúnlò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=155|loc=Fig. 2.27}}</ref> Síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìyípadà tó jẹmọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn COVID-19, pẹ̀lú àwọn àyípadà nínú bí a ṣe ń lo agbára, ìfowópamọ́ sínú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa, àti ìpèsè owó, ti mú kí àwọn àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ fún ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí túbọ̀ ṣòro àti kún fún àìdánilójú.<ref>{{harvnb|IEA|2020b}}</ref>
Àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù yàtọ̀ láti ẹ̀ka kan sí òmíràn. Nínú ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò, àwọn arìnrìn-àjò àti àwọn tó ń gbé ẹrù lè yí padà sí lílo àwọn ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò tó munadoko sí i, bíi bọ́ọ̀sì àti ọkọ̀ ojú irin, tàbí kí wọ́n lo àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ iná mànàmáná.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|p=142}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka ilé iṣẹ́, àwọn ọ̀nà láti dín ìbéèrè fún agbára kù ní mímú àwọn ètò ìmúgbóná àti àwọn mótò ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i, ṣíṣe àwọn ọjà tí kò nílò agbára púpọ̀ láti ṣe, àti mímú kí àkókò ìlò àwọn ọjà pẹ́ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=138–140}}</ref> Nínú ẹ̀ka àwọn ilé, àfojúsùn ni ṣíṣe àwòrán àti ètò àwọn ilé tuntun dáadáa sí i, pẹ̀lú mímú ìmúṣiṣẹ́ agbára dáadáa sí i nígbà àtúnṣe àwọn ilé tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018|pp=141–142}}</ref> Lílo àwọn imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ bíi heat pumps tún lè mú kí agbára tí àwọn ilé ń lò munadoko sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014|pp=686–694}}.</ref>
=== Ogbin àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector.svg|thumb|Nígbà tí a bá ka àwọn ìtújáde taara àti àwọn ìtújáde àìtààrà pọ̀, ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́ ni ó ní ìpín tó ga jù lọ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Dátà náà jẹ́ ti IPCC ní ọdún 2019.]]
Ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó dojú kọ ìpenija mẹ́ta pàtàkì: dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, dídènà yíyí àwọn igbó padà sí ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ogbin sí i, àti pípèsè oúnjẹ tó tó fún ìbéèrè tí ń pọ̀ sí i káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|p=1}}</ref> Àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kan lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti igbó kù ní ìwọ̀n tó tó ìdá méjì nínú mẹ́ta ní ìfíwéra pẹ̀lú ìpele ọdún 2010. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ní dídín ìdagba nínú ìbéèrè fún oúnjẹ àti àwọn ọjà ogbin mìíràn kù, mímú ìmújáde ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, àbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn igbó, àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti inú iṣẹ́ ogbin kù.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, December|2019|pp=1, 3}}</ref>
Ní apá ìbéèrè (demand side), ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ni mímú kí àwọn ènìyàn yí padà sí oúnjẹ tí ó dá lórí ewéko (plant-based diets).<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=22|loc=B.6.2}}</ref> Tí a bá dá ìmújáde ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ọjà wara dúró pátápátá, ó lè mú kí nǹkan bí ìdá mẹ́ta nínú mẹ́rin gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná láti ẹ̀ka ogbin àti lílo ilẹ̀ mìíràn parí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=487,488|loc=FIGURE 5.12}} Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 Gt{{CO2}} equivalent per year by 2050 {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=51}} Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 Gt{{CO2}} per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions).</ref> Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tún ń gba ìdá 37% ilẹ̀ tí kò bo pẹ̀lú yìnyín lórí Ilẹ̀ Ayé, wọ́n sì ń jẹ oúnjẹ ẹran (feed) tí a ń mú jáde láti inú ìdá 12% ilẹ̀ tí a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ọ̀gbìn. Èyí ń fa pípa igbó run àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|pp=82, 162|loc=FIGURE 1.1}}</ref>
Ìmújáde irin alágbara (steel) àti símẹ́ntì ló ń fa nǹkan bí ìdá 13% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) láti ẹ̀ka ilé-iṣẹ́. Nínú àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ wọ̀nyí, àwọn ohun èlò tí ìtújáde carbon wọn ga, bíi coke àti lime, jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú ìmújáde wọn. Nítorí náà, dídín ìtújáde CO₂ kù nílò ìwádìí sí àwọn ọ̀nà kemísírì mìíràn tí yóò lè rọ́pò àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries|url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf|pages=11, 19–22}}</ref> Ní àwọn ibi tí ìmújáde agbára tàbí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ńlá tí ìtújáde CO₂ wọn ga bá ń bá a lọ, a lè máa lo imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ nígbà míì láti gba púpọ̀ nínú CO₂ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde, kí a sì tọ́jú rẹ̀ dípò kí a tú ú sínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Lebling |first1=Katie |last2=Gangotra |first2=Ankita |last3=Hausker |first3=Karl |last4=Byrum |first4=Zachary |date=13 November 2023 |title=7 Things to Know About Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/carbon-capture-technology |publisher=[[World Resources Institute]] |language=en}}[[File:CC-BY_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Imọ̀-ẹ̀rọ yìí, tí a mọ̀ sí ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), lè ní ipa pàtàkì, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ipa rẹ̀ ní ààlà, nínú dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.<ref name=":22" /> Síbẹ̀, iye owó rẹ̀ ga gan-an,<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|p=38}}</ref> a sì ti lò ó ní ìwọ̀n kékeré gan-an tó fi jẹ́ pé ó ń yọ nǹkan bí ìdá 0.1% nínú gbogbo ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná lọ́dọọdún kúrò.<ref name=":22" />
=== Yíyọ Carbon Dioxide Kúrò Nínú Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
[[Fáìlì:Carbon Dioxide Partitioning.svg|thumb|Ọ̀pọ̀ jù lọ nínú àwọn ìtújáde carbon dioxide (CO₂) ni àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sinks) ti gba, pẹ̀lú ìdagba ewéko, gbigba carbon sínú ilẹ̀, àti gbigba carbon sínú òkun (Ìṣúná Carbon Àgbáyé 2020).]]
A lè mú kí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ carbon àdánidá (natural carbon sinks) ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí i kí wọ́n lè kó CO₂ pamọ́ ní ìwọ̀n tó pọ̀ ju ìpele àdánidá lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}}: {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019|pp=189–193}}.</ref> Ìgbìn igbó tuntun (reforestation) àti ìgbìn igbó níbi tí kò sí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ (afforestation) jẹ́ lára àwọn ọ̀nà ìtẹ́wọ́gbà jù lọ fún pípa carbon pamọ́, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìgbìn igbó tuntun ní àwọn àníyàn nípa ààbò oúnjẹ.<ref>{{harvnb|Kreidenweis|Humpenöder|Stevanović|Bodirsky|2016}}</ref> Àwọn agbẹ lè mú kí carbon kó ara rẹ̀ sínú ilẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìṣe bíi lílo àwọn irugbin ìbo ilẹ̀ ìgbà òtútù (winter cover crops), dídín ìfarapa àti ìgbà tí a ń tú ilẹ̀ (tillage) kù, àti lílo compost àti maalu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí a fi ń tún ilẹ̀ ṣe.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=95–102}}</ref> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò igbó àti ilẹ̀ ń mú ọ̀pọ̀ àǹfààní wá fún ojú-ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú yíyọ àti ìpamọ́ àwọn gáàsì amúnágbóná.<ref name="Duchelle-2022" /> Ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ilẹ̀ etíkun tí omi bo (coastal wetlands), àwọn ilẹ̀ koríko pápá (prairie), àti àwọn koríko inú òkun (seagrass meadows) ń mú kí ìmú carbon sínú ohun alààyè pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{harvnb|National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|2019|pp=45–54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=J. D. J. |last2=Schoenau |first2=J. J. |last3=Malhi |first3=S. S. |date=1 October 2008 |title=Soil organic carbon changes and distribution in cultivated and restored grassland soils in Saskatchewan |journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1007/s10705-008-9175-1 |bibcode=2008NCyAg..82..137N }}</ref> Síbẹ̀, nígbà tí carbon bá ti wà nínú ilẹ̀ tàbí nínú ohun alààyè bíi igi, ewu wà pé ó lè tún padà sínú afẹ́fẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà nítorí ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀, iná, tàbí àwọn ìyípadà míì nínú ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruseva|Hedrick|Marland|Tovar|2020}}</ref>
Lílo bioenergy pẹ̀lú ìmú àti ìpamọ́ carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, BECCS) lè yọrí sí ìtújáde net-negative, nítorí pé CO₂ ń jẹ́ kó yọ kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=125}}; {{harvnb|Bednar|Obersteiner|Wagner|2019}}.</ref> Síbẹ̀, kò tíì dájú rárá bóyá àwọn ọ̀nà yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ yóò lè kó ipa ńlá nínú dídín ìgbóná ayé kù sí 1.5 °C. Àwọn ìpinnu ìlànà tó gbára lé yíyọ carbon dioxide kúrò nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ń mú ewu pọ̀ sí i pé ìgbóná ayé lè ju àwọn àfojúsùn àgbáyé lọ.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018|p=34}}</ref>
== Ìmúra Sílẹ̀ ==
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ (adaptation) ni “ìlànà ìfaramọ́ sí àwọn ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó wà lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tàbí tí a retí, àti sí àwọn ipa wọn”.<ref name="IPCC-2022">IPCC, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, {{doi|10.1017/9781009325844.001}}.</ref> Láìsí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn láti dín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù, ìmúra sílẹ̀ nìkan kò lè dènà ewu àwọn ipa tó le gan-an, tó gbòòrò, tí kò sì lè yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=17}} Bí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ṣe ń le sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ìmúra sílẹ̀ tó jinlẹ̀ àti tó lè yí ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé padà ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i. Síbẹ̀, irú ìmúra sílẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lè jẹ́ ohun tó ná owó púpọ̀ gan-an.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=396–397}} Agbára àti àǹfààní àwọn ènìyàn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kò dọ́gba káàkiri àwọn agbègbè àti àwọn ẹgbẹ́ olùgbé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń gòkè àgbà sábà máa ń ní agbára kékeré sí i láti fara mọ́ àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007|p=796}}.</ref> Ní ọdún ogún àkọ́kọ́ ti ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, agbára ìmúra sílẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i ní ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré àti àárín, nípa ìmúra wọlé sí àwọn iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó pàtàkì àti iná mànàmáná tó dára sí i. Síbẹ̀, ìlọsíwájú náà ṣi lọ lọ́ra. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ti ṣe àwọn ìlànà fún ìmúra sílẹ̀. Bí ó ti wù kí ó rí, ààlà ńlá ṣì wà láàárín iye owó tó yẹ kí a ná àti iye owó tó wà lójú ọwọ́ fún ìmúra sílẹ̀.{{sfn|UNEP|2018|pp=xii–xiii}}
Ìmúra sílẹ̀ sí ìgòkè omi òkun ní dídènà lílo àwọn agbègbè tó wà nínú ewu, kíkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ bí a ṣe lè gbé pẹ̀lú ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, àti kíkọ́ àwọn ohun èlò ìdènà ìkún omi. Tí àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ wọ̀nyí kò bá ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa, ó lè jẹ́ dandan kí àwọn ènìyàn kó lọ sí àwọn ibi mìíràn ní ìlànà tó dá lórí ìṣètò (managed retreat).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Stephens |first1=Scott A. |last2=Bell |first2=Robert G. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Judy |year=2018 |title=Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |volume=13 |issue=10 |at=104004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96 |bibcode=2018ERL....13j4004S |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà ọrọ̀ ajé tún wà fún dídènà àwọn ipa búburú tí ooru tó le gan-an ń fa. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, kì í ṣe gbogbo ènìyàn ni ó lè yẹra fún iṣẹ́ tí ń gba agbára ara púpọ̀ tàbí tí wọ́n lè ní ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning).[353]{{sfn|Matthews|2018|p=402}} Nínú iṣẹ́ ogbin, àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ ní yíyí padà sí àwọn ìlànà jíjẹ tó péye sí i, onírúurú iṣẹ́ ogbin, ìdènà ìfọ́ ilẹ̀, àti ìmúgbòòrò àbùdá irúgbìn àti ẹranko kí wọ́n lè fara da ojú-ọjọ́ tó ń yí padà.{{sfn|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019|p=439}} Ìṣètò ìṣeduro (insurance) lè jẹ́ kí a pín ewu láàárín ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn, ṣùgbọ́n ó sábà máa ń ṣòro fún àwọn tó ní owó-wiwọlé kékeré láti rí i gbà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |year=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6..333S }}</ref> Ẹ̀kọ́, ìṣíkiri ènìyàn, àti àwọn ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú lè dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018|pp=336–337}} Gíngbin mangrove àti fífi àwọn irú ewéko etíkun mìíràn dàgbà lè dín agbára ìjì àti ìgbì omi tó lágbára kù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Shorthand |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |date=24 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè (ecosystems) lè fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, ìlànà kan tí ènìyàn lè ṣèrànwọ́ fún. Nípa mímú kí ìsopọ̀ láàárín àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, àwọn irú ẹranko àti ewéko lè ṣíkiri lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn bá yẹ fún wọn sí i. A tún lè gbé àwọn irú ẹranko tàbí ewéko lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun tí ojú-ọjọ́ wọn ti di ẹni rere fún ìgbésí ayé wọn. Ààbò àti ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn agbègbè àdánidá àti àwọn agbègbè tí ènìyàn ti ní ipa díẹ̀ lórí wọn ń mú agbára ìfaradà (resilience) àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn fún wọn láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí ń gbé ìmúra sílẹ̀ àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè lárugẹ tún ń ran ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti fara mọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun tí a mọ̀ sí ecosystem-based adaptation. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò àwọn ìlànà iná àdánidá ń dín àǹfààní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ńlá tó lè pa ohun gbogbo run kù, ó sì ń dín ìfarapa àwọn ènìyàn sí irú iná bẹ́ẹ̀ kù. Fífi àyè púpọ̀ sí i fún àwọn odò ń jẹ́ kí omi púpọ̀ lè wà ní ìpamọ́ nínú ètò àdánidá, èyí tí ń dín ewu ìkún omi kù. Àwọn igbó tí a tún gbìn tàbí tí a mú padà bọ̀ sípò lè ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìpamọ́ carbon (carbon sink). Síbẹ̀, gíngbin igi ní àwọn agbègbè tí kò yẹ fún un lè mú kí àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ burú sí i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morecroft |first1=Michael D. |last2=Duffield |first2=Simon |last3=Harley |first3=Mike |last4=Pearce-Higgins |first4=James W. |last5=Stevens |first5=Nicola |last6=Watts |first6=Olly |last7=Whitaker |first7=Jeanette |display-authors=4 |year=2019 |title=Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6471 |article-number=eaaw9256 |doi=10.1126/science.aaw9256 |pmid=31831643 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ (synergies) wà láàárín ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù (mitigation), ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn (trade-offs) náà wà.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |last5=Rowlands |first5=Olwen |last6=Simpson |first6=Gillian |last7=Skourtos |first7=Michalis |display-authors=4 |year=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climate Change]] |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |bibcode=2015ClCh..128..381B |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ni mímú ìmújáde oúnjẹ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ní àǹfààní ńlá fún ìmúra sílẹ̀ àti fún dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù ní àkókò kan náà.<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014|p=54}}.</ref> Àpẹẹrẹ ìpẹ̀yà àṣàyàn ni pé lílo ẹ̀rọ amútutù afẹ́fẹ́ (air conditioning) púpọ̀ sí i lè jẹ́ kí àwọn ènìyàn fara da ooru tó pọ̀ ju tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ń mú kí ìbéèrè fún agbára pọ̀ sí i. Àpẹẹrẹ mìíràn ni pé ìdàgbàsókè ìlú tó ní àkójọpọ̀ ilé àti amáyédẹrùn tó pọ̀ sí i ní àyè kékeré lè dín ìtújáde gáàsì láti ẹ̀ka ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àti iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé kù. Síbẹ̀, ó tún lè mú kí ipa ìgbóná ìlú (urban heat island effect) pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ń fi àwọn ènìyàn sínú ewu àwọn àìsàn àti àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |year=2020 |title=Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=276 |article-number=122813 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813 |bibcode=2020JCPro.27622813S }}</ref>
{| class="center toccolours"
|+ '''Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ọ̀nà ìmúra sílẹ̀ fún ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́'''
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%">
File:FrontLines-EGAT 2011 Environment Photo Contest Top Entry (5842818280).jpg|Gíngbin mangrove àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ mìíràn fún ààbò ibùgbé ẹ̀dá alààyè (habitat conservation) lè dín ìkún omi etíkun kù.
File:Seawallventnor.jpg|Àwọn ògiri ìdènà omi òkun (seawalls) fún ààbò lódì sí ìgbì omi alágbára (storm surge) tí ìgòkè omi òkun ti mú burú sí i.
File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof Edit1.jpg|Àwọn òrùlé aláwọ̀ ewé (green roofs) láti pèsè ìtútù sí i nínú àwọn ìlú.
File:2013.02-402-294a_Pearl_millet,breeding,selfing_ICRISAT,Patancheru(Hyderabad,Andhra_Pradesh),IN_wed20feb2013.jpg|Yíyan àti ìbísí àwọn irúgbìn tí wọ́n lè fara da ọ̀dá fún ìmújáde àwọn irugbin tó lè koju àìní omi.
</gallery>
|}
== Àwọn Ìlànà àti Òṣèlú ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó wà nínú ewu jù lọ láti ọwọ́ ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ sábà máa ń jẹ́ àwọn tí kò ní ipa púpọ̀ nínú ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná àgbáyé. Èyí sì ń gbé àwọn ìbéèrè nípa ìdájọ́ òdodo àti ìṣòdodo yẹ̀ wò.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014|loc=Section 3|p=17}}</ref> Dídín ìgbóná ayé kù ń jẹ́ kí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ láti ṣàṣeyọrí Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero ti Àjọ Ìṣọ̀kan Àgbáyé (UN Sustainable Development Goals), bíi pípaarẹ́ òṣì àti dídín àìdọ́gba kù. A ti jẹ́wọ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ yìí nínú Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbero Kẹtàlá (Sustainable Development Goal 13), èyí tí àfojúsùn rẹ̀ jẹ́ “gbígbé àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ kíákíá láti koju ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀”.<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=447}}; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> Àwọn àfojúsùn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú oúnjẹ, omi mímu tó mọ́, àti ààbò àwọn ètò ẹ̀dá alààyè ní àwọn àǹfààní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù.{{sfn|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018|p=477}}
Ìṣèlú àgbáyé nípa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ (geopolitics of climate change) jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó díjú. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, a máa ń wo ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣòro “ẹni tí ń jèrè láì san owó” (free-rider problem), níbi tí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè ti ń jèrè láti inú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tí àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn gbé, ṣùgbọ́n tí orílẹ̀-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan lè rí ìpadánù ọrọ̀ ajé bí wọ́n bá yí padà sí ètò ọrọ̀ ajé tó ní ìtújáde carbon kékeré. Ní àwọn ìgbà kan, àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ dídín ìtújáde gáàsì amúnágbóná kù tún ní àwọn àǹfààní tó kan agbègbè kan pàtó. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, àwọn àǹfààní tó wà nínú dídá lílo èédú dúró fún ìlera àwọn ènìyàn àti àyíká agbègbè máa ń ju iye owó tí a ná lórí rẹ̀ lọ ní fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ gbogbo agbègbè.<ref name="Rauner 2020">{{harvnb|Rauner|Bauer|Dirnaichner|Van Dingenen|2020}}</ref> Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń wọ epo àti àwọn epo fosaili mìíràn wọlé máa ń jèrè nípa ọrọ̀ ajé nígbà tí wọ́n bá yí padà sí agbára mímọ́. Ní ìhà kejì, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n ń ta àwọn epo fosaili jáde lè dojú kọ ìṣòro àwọn ohun-ìní tí kò ní olùra mọ́ (stranded assets), ìyẹn àwọn epo fosaili tí wọn kò lè tà mọ́.<ref>{{harvnb|Mercure|Pollitt|Viñuales|Edwards|2018}}</ref>
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
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Ìkún omi ti Ipinle Borno
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox flood|name=Borno State flooding|duration=September 2024|fatalities=150|damages=70% community submersion, displacing 419,000+|cause=Heavy rainfall and the collapse of [[Alau Dam]]|affected=[[Borno State]], [[Nigeria]]}}{{OSM Location map|coord={{Coord|11|43|27|N|13|17|06|E|type:landmark_region:NG-BO|display=title,inline}}|zoom=4|width=250|height=200|caption=Location of [[Alau Dam]] in Nigeria.|label=|mark-coord={{coord| | }}|label-pos=|mark-title=|mark-image=|mark-description=}}{{OSM Location map|coord={{Coord|11|43|27|N|13|17|06|E|type:landmark_region:NG-BO|display=title,inline}}|zoom=4|width=250|height=200|caption=Location of [[Alau Dam]] in Nigeria.|label=|mark-coord={{coord| | }}|label-pos=|mark-title=|mark-image=|mark-description=}}Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno,Nàìjíríà dojúkọ ìkún omi lẹ́yìn tí ìdajì Alau Dam wó lulẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2024. Àwọn agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Maiduguri àti Jere ló ní ipa pàtàkì: gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Pajawiri ti Orílẹ̀-èdè ti sọ, ó lé ní 70% àwọn olùgbé ní Maiduguri tí wọ́n ti sá kúrò nílé. Ó kéré tán ènìyàn méjídínlọgọ́jọ ló kú.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 October 2024|title=Borno flood killed 150 persons, displaced thousands, says SEMA as FG constructs dam in Benue|url=https://guardian.ng/news/borno-flood-killed-150-persons-displaced-thousands-says-sema-as-fg-constructs-dam-in-benue|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=21 October 2024|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Nema">{{Cite news|date=11 September 2024|title=Borno dam collapse: FG opens IDP camps as flood submerges 70% of Maiduguri|url=https://punchng.com/borno-dam-collapse-fg-opens-idp-camps-as-flood-submerges-70-of-maiduguri/|access-date=11 September 2024|language=en-US}}</ref> Àjọ àwọn asásálà ti Àjọ Àgbáyé ní Nàìjíríà ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó burú jùlọ tí ó kọlu ìlú náà ní ọgbọ̀n ọdún, tí ó kan àwọn ènìyàn tí ó lé ní mílíọ̀nù kan. <ref name=":1" />
Ìkún omi náà jẹ́ ara ìkún omi tó wáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà lọ́dún 2024.
== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ní ìrírí díẹ̀ lára àwọn ìkún omi tó burú jùlọ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè ti sọ, ó lé ní mílíọ̀nù 2.3 ènìyàn tí ó ní ipa ní ọdún 2023, èyí tí ó ju ìlọ́po mẹ́ta lọ ju ti ọdún 2022 lọ.
Wọ́n kọ́ Dam Alau ní ọdún 1986 láti ran àwọn àgbẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ nípa ìtọ́jú omi àti láti ṣàkóso ìkún omi láti Odò Ngadda. Kí ó tó di ọdún 2024, Dam náà ti ya lẹ́ẹ̀mejì: ní ọdún 1994 àti 2012, èyí sì yọrí sí ìkún omi àwọn agbègbè.
Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno náà ti ń ní ìṣòro ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn ènìyàn ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó kọjá nítorí ìkọlù Boko Haram. Ìkọlù náà ti lé àwọn ènìyàn tó lé ní mílíọ̀nù méjì àti mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin kúrò ní ìlú, ọ̀pọ̀ wọn sì ń gbé ní àgọ́ tí ìkún omi lè ba.
== Àwọn okùnfà ==
Òjò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọ̀ ní ìparí oṣù kẹjọ ní àwọn agbègbè ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Bama, Damboa àti Gwoza, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Nàìjíríà sì sọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé ó lè fa ìkún omi. Bí omi tó wà nínú ibi ìtọ́jú omi Alau Dam ṣe ń pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ará ìlú tí wọ́n ní àníyàn nípa rẹ̀ fi tó àwọn aláṣẹ létí, àwọn aṣojú sì dé. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Chimezie|first=Brown|date=12 September 2024|title=Dam collapse governance failure -RDI|url=https://thesun.ng/dam-collapse-governance-failure-rdi/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=14 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Ìdá omi bẹ́ sílẹ̀ ==
Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kẹsàn-án, Omi Alau bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fọ́, ó sì ya bèbè rẹ̀ nígbẹ̀yìn-gbẹ́yín, èyí sì fa ìkún omi tó kún bo àwọn agbègbè tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà, tó sì ba gbogbo wọn jẹ́. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Tinubu Rises to Maiduguri Flood Disaster, Promises to Assist State, Orders Evacuation|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/11/tinubu-rises-to-maiduguri-flood-disaster-promises-to-assist-state-orders-evacuation/|date=11 September 2024|location=[[Abuja]], [[Gombe State|Gombe]], [[Yenagoa]], [[Lagos]]|access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìṣesí ==
Gomina Babagana Zulum ṣí ibùdó àwọn ará ìlú Bakassi tí wọ́n ti lé kúrò nílé wọn (IDP) àti àwọn mìíràn ní àwọn agbègbè olókè fún ààbò àwọn ará ìlú. Ó sọ fún àwọn oníròyìn pé ó lé ní mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn tí ìkún omi náà kàn, ó sì ṣàpèjúwe ìbàjẹ́ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí “ohun tí ó kọjá ìrònú ènìyàn”. <ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2024|title=Maiduguri Flood: One million people affected – Zulum – Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/maiduguri-flood-one-million-people-affected-says-zulum/|access-date=11 September 2024|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
Igbákejì Ààrẹ Kashim Shettima ṣèbẹ̀wò sí ìpínlẹ̀ náà láti rí bí ìbàjẹ́ náà ṣe pọ̀ tó, ó sì fi dá àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀ lójú pé ìjọba àpapọ̀ yóò ran wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti kojú ìṣòro náà. <ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2024|title=Borno dam collapse: FG opens IDP camps as flood submerges 70% of Maiduguri|url=https://punchng.com/borno-dam-collapse-fg-opens-idp-camps-as-flood-submerges-70-of-maiduguri/|access-date=11 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
Àwọn ibi ìtọ́jú omi tí ó bàjẹ́ àti àwọn ibi ìsìnkú tí ó kún fún omi tún ń fa ìbẹ̀rù ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn àrùn àkóràn kíákíá. Aṣojú Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà fún Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé, Dókítà Kazadi Mulombo kéde pé WHO yóò ṣe amọ̀nà ìtọ́jú ìlera pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn àjọ mìíràn bíi etò Oúnjẹ agbáyéàti UNICEF, tí wọ́n ń dojúkọ oúnjẹ, omi, ìmọ́tótó àti ìmọ́tótó. <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2024|title=Flood: WHO Commits to Coordinated Response and Support to Borno|url=https://von.gov.ng/flood-who-commits-to-coordinated-response-and-support-to-borno/|access-date=13 September 2024|newspaper=[[Voice of Nigeria]]|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Àbájáde ==
[[Fáìlì:Sanda_Kyarimi_Park_Zoo_Entry_Gate.jpg|thumb|Ọpọlọpọ ẹranko ni a pa tabi sa kuro ninu igbekun ni Sanda Kyarimi Park Zoo]]
Gomina kede pipade awọn ile-iwe ni ipinlẹ naa bi omi ṣe n ga si i nitori fifọ omi naa. Ikun omi naa kan Sanda Kyarimi Park Zoo, ọgba ẹranko ati ibi igbẹ ni Maiduguri. Awọn ijabọ fihan pe 40% awọn ẹranko rẹ ku nigba ti awọn miiran salọ kuro ni igbekun ati pe a rii wọn ni opopona olu-ilu naa. Nitori ewu ikọlu lati ọdọ awọn ẹranko, a rọ awọn olugbe lati ṣe awọn iṣọra. <ref>{{Cite news|date=10 September 2024|title=Crocodiles and snakes 'washed into communities' as flood hits Nigerian zoo|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/sep/10/nigeria-floods-borno-alua-dam-maiduguri|access-date=11 September 2024|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Pajawiri Orílẹ̀-èdè (NEMA) ti sọ, ìkún omi náà ti lé ní 70% àwọn olùgbé ní ìpínlẹ̀ Borno àti èyí tó lé ní 70% ìlú Maiduguri. <ref>{{Cite news|date=10 September 2024|title=REWIND: In 1994, Alau Dam collapsed, displacing 400,000 persons in Maiduguri|url=https://www.thecable.ng/rewind-in-1994-alau-dam-collapsed-displacing-400000-persons-in-maiduguri/|access-date=11 September 2024|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ó sọ pé ó kéré tán ènìyàn ogbon ló kú tí ó sì lé ní 400,000 tí wọ́n ti sá kúrò nílé.
Ilé ìwòsàn gbogbogbòò ti ìpínlẹ̀ náà àti ilé ìwòsàn ẹ̀kọ́ ti Yunifásítì Maiduguri náà ní ipa nínú ìkún omi náà. Àwọn àgọ́ ìsádi náà tún ní ipa lórí bí wọ́n ṣe ń kó àwọn ènìyàn kúrò ní àgọ́ El Miskin sí àgọ́ Bakasi fún ààbò gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdarí gbogbogbò ti NEMA ti sọ. <ref name="Nema"/> <ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2024|title=NEMA deploys additional resources to rescue Maiduguri flood victims|url=https://von.gov.ng/nema-deploys-additional-resources-to-rescue-maiduguri-flood-victims/|access-date=11 September 2024|newspaper=[[Voice of Nigeria]]|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Lẹ́yìn tí ìkún omi náà mú kí ògiri náà wó lulẹ̀, àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n ọ̀tàlénígba le mẹwaa sá àsálà láti ọgbà ẹ̀wọ̀n Iṣẹ́ Àtúnṣe Nàìjíríà ní Maidugur. Títí di ìsinsìnyí, wọ́n ti mú àwọn ẹlẹ́wọ̀n méje padà pẹ̀lú Gómìnà Zulum tí ó sọ pé àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Islamist ajìjàgbara Boko Haram wà lára àwọn tí wọ́n ti jáde. <ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2024|title=Borno dam collapse: FG opens IDP camps as flood submerges 70% of Maiduguri|url=https://punchng.com/borno-dam-collapse-fg-opens-idp-camps-as-flood-submerges-70-of-maiduguri/|access-date=11 September 2024|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Àwòrán ibi ìkópamọ́ ==
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Fáìlì:Emir_of_Potiskum_with_Governor_of_Borno_Babagana_Zulum.jpg|alt=The Emir of Potiskum, Alhaji Umaru Bubaram, paid a visit to the Governor of Borno State, Professor Babagana Umara Zulum, to express his concern and solidarity over the severe flooding that has devastated parts of Maiduguri and surrounding areas.| Emir ti Potiskum, Alhaji Umaru Bubaram, lọ sí ọ̀dọ̀ Gómìnà ìpínlẹ̀ Borno, Ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n Babagana Umara Zulum, láti fi àníyàn àti ìṣọ̀kan rẹ̀ hàn lórí ìkún omi líle tó ti ba àwọn apá kan ní Maiduguri àti àwọn agbègbè tó yí i ká jẹ́.
</gallery>
== Wo tun ==
* [[2024 Lekki ikun omi|Ìkún omi Lekki ti ọdún 2024]]
* [[Iṣan omi ti Nàìjíríà ni odun 2024|Ìkún omi ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2024]]
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
d9pnohqy20csiydffcsmr08y1hhi1er
Ìkún omi ní Ghana
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'''Ìkún omi ní Ghana''' tọ́ka sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìkún omi tó ti fa ìbàjẹ́ ohun ìní àti pípadánù ẹ̀mí. Ìkún omi jẹ́ nítorí òjò tó pọ̀ jù àti ìdàrúdàpọ̀ omi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Meteorological Analysis of Floods in Ghana|url=free}}</ref> Ikun omi jẹ ajalu adayeba ti nwaye loorekoore ti o ti di ipenija asọye fun ayika, ọrọ-aje, ati ọrọ iṣelu orilẹ-ede naa. Oju-ọjọ otutu ti Ghana ni igbagbogbo ni awọn akoko akọkọ meji: akoko gbigbẹ ati akoko ojo. Àkókò òjò ńlá àti ìgbà òjò kékeré wà. Ni gusu Ghana, akoko ojo pataki waye lati Oṣu Kẹrin si aarin Oṣu Keje, lakoko ti akoko ojo kekere maa n waye lati Oṣu Kẹsan si Oṣu kọkanla. Àkókò ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn sábà máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti oṣù Kejìlá sí oṣù Kẹta bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìlànà wọ̀nyí yàtọ̀ díẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí nítorí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2013-09-21}}</ref> Àyíká ilẹ̀ Ghana, tí a mọ̀ sí àsìkò òjò tó yàtọ̀ síra, ń mú kí òjò líle koko àti ìkún omi máa rọ̀ ní etíkun àti ní àárín ilẹ̀. Àsìkò òjò tó lágbára àti ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ti mú kí ìkún omi máa pọ̀ sí i àti bí ìkún omi ṣe máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè náà.
Ipa ikun omi jẹ́ ìyípadà tó díjú. Ní àwọn ìlú ńlá bíi Accra, ìkún omi onígbà pípẹ́ máa ń ba ètò ìrìnnà jẹ́, ó máa ń lé àwọn agbègbè kúrò, ó máa ń pa ẹ̀mí, ó sì máa ń ba àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ jẹ́, àwọn ètò ìpalára pajawiri bíi National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO). Àwọn agbègbè ìgbèríko àti ìlú ńlá ni ó ní ipa kan náà nígbà ìkún omi nítorí pé àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí máa ń fa àdánù ohun èlò àti ènìyàn lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún máa ń fa ẹrù ọrọ̀ ajé fún ìgbà pípẹ́ nípa yíyí àwọn ohun ìní gbogbogbòò padà sí ìgbàpadà. Iye owó ìpalára ìkún omi tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ léraléra ní ipa lórí ìdàgbàsókè orílẹ̀-èdè, ó sì máa ń ba àwọn ìsapá láti yanjú àwọn ìpèníjà àwùjọ àti ọrọ̀ ajé mìíràn jẹ́. Ní ti ìṣèlú, ìkún omi ti yọjú gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀ràn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìjọba, ṣíṣe ìlànà, ètò ìlú, jíjíhìn fún gbogbo ènìyàn, àti dé àyè kan, ìwà ìbàjẹ́. Ìkún omi àti ti òde òní ti fi àwọn àlàfo pàtàkì hàn nínú ètò ìlú àti àwọn ọgbọ́n ìṣàkóso àjálù àti nípa lórí ìṣèlú ìdìbò.
Láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn ni Ghana ti ní ìrírí ìkún omi ní àwọn agbègbè ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀, pàápàá jùlọ nítorí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nǹkan bíi:
* Òjò líle tó ń rọ̀ nígbà gbogbo
* Àwọn ihò omi tí a ti rì sínú omi
* Àwọn ìforúkọsílẹ̀ tí kò tọ́
* Àwọn ilẹ̀ tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ àti títẹ́jú
* Àwọn ọ̀ràn tó ṣọ̀wọ́n ti ìtújáde omi<br /><br /><br /><br />Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ní ọjọ́ kẹta Okudu kẹfà, ọdún 2015, ní Accra, òjò ńlá tó rọ̀ ní olú ìlú Ghana fa ìkún omi. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2015-06-05}}</ref> Àwọn ohun tó fà á ni àwọn ihò omi tí wọ́n ti dì mọ́ àwọn ọ̀nà omi àti àwọn ibùgbé tí kò tọ́.Àwọn ohun pàtàkì tó ń fa ìṣòro náà ni àwọn ihò omi tó ti rì sínú omi tó dí àwọn ọ̀nà ìṣàn omi àti àwọn ibi tí kò yẹ kí wọ́n gbé. Ó lé ní 200 ènìyàn tí wọ́n pàdánù ẹ̀mí wọn nítorí ìbúgbàù ilé epo nígbà ìkún omi. Ní ọdún 2021, òjò líle fa ìkún omi ní Kumasi Metropolis, èyí tó yọrí sí pípadánù ẹ̀mí ènìyàn mẹ́rin àti yíyọ àwọn ènìyàn igba kúrò nílé. Òjò líle ló fà ìkún omi yìí. <ref name=":0" />Ní agbègbè Volta àti agbègbè ìlà-oòrùn Ghana, ìkún omi líle ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n tú ìdajì omi Akosombo sílẹ̀, èyí sì mú kí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rìndínlọ́gbọ̀n ènìyàn kúrò nílé wọn ní ọdún 2023.
Àwọn ìròyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ BBC sọ pé òjò ńlá tó rọ̀ ló fà á tí Volta River Authority fi da ìkún omi náà sílẹ̀. Àkójọ àwọn ìkún omi nìyí ní ìsàlẹ̀ yìí.
== Àkójọ àwọn ìkún omi ==
* Ìkún omi ìdàsílẹ̀ ìdí omi Akosombo ti ọdún 2023
* Ìkún omi Accra ti ọdún 2022
* Ìkún omi Sahel ti ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2020
* Ìkún omi Accra ti ọdún 2016
* Ìkún omi ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2009
* Ìkún omi ìyípo Accra ti ọdún 2023
* Ìkún omi Agona Swedru ti ọdun 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Graphic online|date=5 June 2015|title=flood disaster profile of Ghana since 1968|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/flood-disaster-profile-of-ghana.html|location=Accra, Ghana|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref>
* Ìkún omi Atiwa ti ọdun 2011<ref>{{Cite news|last=peace fm online|date=20 July 2011|title=Atiwa flooded|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201107/57700.php|work=Peace fm|archive-date=12 July 2024|access-date=12 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712135704/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201107/57700.php|url-status=dead|archivedate=12 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712135704/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201107/57700.php|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
io9mp0w8ff8fhp0r61c5a93bo8i3g1x
Ìkún omi ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2009
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<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css" /> {{infobox weather event|image=|caption=|name=2009 West Africa floods|duration=June–September 2009}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects|fatalities=At least 193 deaths<ref name="OCHA_1" />|affected=[[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Guinea]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Liberia]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Sierra Leone]]|damages=At least $152 million}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>
[[Fáìlì:Flooding_in_Ghana_13.jpg|thumb|Apá kan ní Accra ni omi ti bò nígbà òjò.]]
'''Ìkún omi ti o waye ni Iwọ-oorun Afirika ni ọdun 2009'''jẹ́ àjálù àdánidá tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Okudu kẹfà ọdún 2009 gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde òjò àsìkò tí ó rọ̀ gan-an ní àwọn agbègbè ńlá ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn Áfíríkà. <ref name="OCHA_1">{{Cite web|dateformat=}}</ref> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ odò, títí bí odò Pendjari, Niger, Volta àti Senegal, ló fọ́ bèbè wọn, èyí sì fa ìparun ilé, afárá, ọ̀nà àti àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn. <ref name="reliefweb_1" /> A royin pe ikun omi naa ti kan awọn eniyan 940,000 <ref name="OCHA_1" /> ni awọn orilẹ-ede 12, pẹlu [[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Gánà|Ghana]], [[Niger (country)|Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], o si fa iku o kere ju eniyan 193 lọ. <ref name="reliefweb_2" /> <ref name="BBC_1">{{Cite web|archivedate=5 September 2009}}</ref> Ni Burkina Faso, ọkan ninu awọn orilẹ-ede ti o ni ikolu julọ, awọn eniyan 150,000 sá kuro ni ile wọn, julọ ni olu-ilu [[Ouagadougou]] nibiti ojo ojo ni ọjọ kan jẹ dogba si 25% ti ojo ojo deede fun gbogbo orilẹ-ede naa. <ref name="BBC_1" />
== Òjò àsìkò ==
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà àti gúúsù Sahel ló máa ń rí òjò tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní gbogbo ìgbà tí wọ́n bá ń rọ̀ ní àsìkò ooru láti Okudu kẹfà sí oṣù kẹsàn-án. Àsìkò òjò yìí, tí a tún mọ̀ sí òjò ìwọ̀ oòrùn Áfíríkà, ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyípadà àsìkò ti afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ ní afẹ́fẹ́ ìsàlẹ̀, níbi tí afẹ́fẹ́ tútù ti ń fẹ́ wọlé láti Òkun Àtìláńtíìkì tí a sì ń tú jáde káàkiri ilẹ̀ náà. <ref name="AMMA_1" />
Òjò líle koko tí ó rọ̀ ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà ní àsìkò òjò 2009 ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìgbóná omi Òkun Pàsífíìkì nígbàkúgbà, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan tí a mọ̀ sí El Niño, tí ó ní ipa lórí ojú ọjọ́ kárí ayé. <ref name="ACMAD_1">{{Cite journal|author=[[African Center of Meteorological Applications for Development]] (ACMAD)|title=Outlook|publisher=ACMAD|date=August 2009|url=http://www.acmad.ne/en/climat/bull_aug09_en.pdf|accessdate=15 October 2009|archive-date=22 July 2011|archivedate=22 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722235408/http://www.acmad.ne/en/climat/bull_aug09_en.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
== Awọn ipalara ati awọn olufaragba ==
=== Bẹ́nínì ===
Àwọn ènìyàn 220,000 <ref name="OCHA_1"/> ló ní ipa lórí rẹ̀, pàápàá jùlọ ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun, àti pé ènìyàn méje ló ti kú.
=== Bùríkínánì Fásò ===
Àwọn ènìyàn 150,000 tí wọ́n ti sá kúrò nílé àti mejo ló kú lẹ́yìn òjò tó rọ̀ jù ní Ouagadougou, olú ìlú orílẹ̀-èdè náà láàárín àádọ̀rún ọdún. Àwọn ènìyàn tó tó 110,000 ló sá kúrò nílé lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti ya ìdè omi Loumbila tó wà ní àárín gbùngbùn Ouagadougou. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
Ní gúúsù orílẹ̀-èdè náà, Bagre Dam ní láti ṣí ẹnu ọ̀nà rẹ̀ bí omi ṣe dé ibi ààbò tó ga jùlọ ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹsàn-án. Ìbísí nínú ìṣàn omi ń halẹ̀ mọ́ àwọn agbègbè ńlá ní etí odò Volta ní gúúsù Burkina Faso àti àríwá Ghana.
=== Gambia ===
Ní Gambia, àwọn ènìyàn 15,617 ló ní ìṣòro ìkún omi. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Gánà ===
Àwọn ènìyàn 139,790 ló ti ní ipa lórí, ó sì kéré tán mẹ́rìnlélógún ló kú. <ref name="OCHA_1"/> Ìkún omi ti kan 139,709
=== Guinea ===
Àwọn ènìyàn 40,000 ló ti ní ìṣòro yìí ní olú ìlú Conakry àti àwọn ìlú Kindia àti Siguiri . <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Etíkun Ivory ===
Òjò líle, tó fa ìṣàn ẹrẹ̀ àti ìkún omi, pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn 19 ní Abidjan, ó sì kan nǹkan bí ènìyàn 2000. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Liberia ===
Ní Liberia, àwọn ènìyàn 584 ló ní ìṣòro ìkún omi, èyí sì mú kí ènìyàn méjì kú. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Mali ===
Ní Mali, àwọn ènìyàn 18,902 ló ní ìṣòro ìkún omi náà. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Mauritania ===
Àwọn ènìyàn 3,000 ni wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ láìnílé nítorí ìkún omi ní ìlú Rosso, tó wà ní etí odò Senegal . Àròpọ̀ ènìyàn tó tó 9000 ló ní ipa lórí orílẹ̀-èdè náà. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Nijer ===
Ìkún omi, lẹ́yìn ọjọ́ mẹ́rin tí òjò líle koko rọ̀ ní àwọn òkè Aïr ní àríwá Niger, nípa lórí ilé 3,500 ní Agadez àti àwọn agbègbè tí ó yí i ká, ó sì fa ikú ènìyàn méjì, ó sì pa àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn àti àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn. Iye awọn eniyan ti o ni ikolu naa ti pọ si 79,129 ati awọn ti o ku mẹta. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Sẹ́nélà ===
Ilé tó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgbọ̀n (30,000) ni ìkún omi ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní olú ìlú Dakar àti àwọn apá ibòmíràn ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, pẹ̀lú ìṣírò iye àwọn tó ní àrùn náà tó ẹgbẹ̀rún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (264,000) àti ikú mẹ́fà. <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
=== Sierra Leone ===
Ìkún omi tí òjò líle kan rọ̀ ní oṣù kẹjọ, ó pa ènìyàn mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún, ó sì lé márùn-ún ó lé márùn-ún ní Freetown. Àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn oko ló gbá lọ ní abúlé mẹ́fà ní agbègbè Kambia. Àròpọ̀ iye àwọn ènìyàn tó ní àrùn náà ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà jẹ́ 1,455 pẹ̀lú àwọn tó kú mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rùn ún (103). <ref name="OCHA_1"/>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìkún omi ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà ti ọdún 2007
* Ìyàn ilẹ̀ Sahel ti ọdún 2010
* Ìkún omi ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà ti ọdún 2010
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}}{{Floods in Africa}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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Ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká
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{{short description|Movement for addressing environmental issues}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
[[File:StRolloxChemical 1831.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Levels of air pollution rose during the [[Industrial Revolution]], sparking the first modern [[environmental law]]s to be passed in the mid-19th century.]]
'''Ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká''', tí wọ́n tún máa ń pè ní '''ìṣípáàrọ̀ ẹ̀kọ́ ayé alààyè''', jẹ́ [[social movement]] kan tí ó ní ète láti dáàbò bo ayé àdánidá kúrò lọ́wọ́ àwọn ìṣe tí ń ba ayíká jẹ, kí ìgbésí ayé tó lè dúró ṣinṣin ([[sustainable living]]) lè wà.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCormick |first=John |title=Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA1 |date=1991 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-20660-2 |language=en |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408120118/https://books.google.com/books?id=xC16yGp9-HUC&pg=PA1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nípa mímọ̀ pé ẹ̀dá ènìyàn jẹ́ apá kan nínú [[ecosystem]] (kì í ṣe ọ̀tá rẹ̀), ìṣípáàrọ̀ náà dá lórí [[ecology]], [[health]], àti [[human rights]].
Ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká jẹ́ ìṣípáàrọ̀ àgbáyé tí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn àjọ tó ń ṣiṣẹ́ fún àbò ayíká ń ṣojú fún, láti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ títí dé àwọn ẹgbẹ́ [[grassroots]], ó sì yàtọ̀ láti orílẹ̀-èdè kan sí òmíràn. Nítorí iye ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀, oríṣìíríṣìí ìgbàgbọ́ àti èrò tó lágbára tí wọ́n ní, àti irú àfojúsùn tí ó máa ń jẹ́ àròjinlẹ̀ nígbà míì, ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká kì í ṣe ní ìṣọ̀kan pátápátá nípa gbogbo àwọn góńgó rẹ̀. Ní ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ tó gbooro jù lọ, ìṣípáàrọ̀ náà ní àwọn aráàlú aládàáni, àwọn amòye, àwọn ọmọ ẹ̀sìn ([[Religion and environmentalism|ẹ̀sìn àti àbò ayíká]]), àwọn olóṣèlú, àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì, àwọn [[nonprofit organization]], àti àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn olókìkí bí [[Gaylord Nelson]], Sénétọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí ti Wisconsin, àti [[Rachel Carson]] ní ọ̀rúndún ogún.
Láti ọdún 1970 síwájú, ìmòye gbogbo ènìyàn nípa ayíká, [[environmental science]]s, [[ecology]], àti ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ti gbòòrò sí i láti fi mọ́ àwọn ọ̀ràn tuntun bí ìparun [[ozone]], [[global warming|ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ]], [[acid rain]], [[mutation breeding]], [[genetically modified crops]], àti [[genetically modified livestock]]. [[Climate movement|Ìṣípáàrọ̀ ojú-ọjọ]] ni a lè kà sí ẹ̀ka kékeré kan nínú ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká.
== Àgbègbè iṣẹ́ ==
[[File:Air pollution by industrial chimneys.jpg|thumb|Ṣáájú kí wọ́n tó fi [[flue-gas desulfurization]] sílẹ̀, àwọn ìtújáde [[air pollution|tó ń ba afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ]] láti ilé amúnáwá yìí ní [[New Mexico]] ní iye [[sulfur dioxide]] tó pọ̀ ju bó ṣe yẹ lọ.]]
Ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká ní ọ̀pọ̀ ẹ̀ka àti àwùjọ kéékèèké inú rẹ̀, tí wọ́n ti dàgbà pẹ̀lú ọ̀nà ìmúlò àti ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n oríṣìíríṣìí ní àwọn apá ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ti ayé. Ní pàtàkì, ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká àkọ́kọ́ ní ìjàmbá èrò tó jinlẹ̀ láàárín ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n [[Conservation movement|ìtọju àwọn ohun àdánidá]] àti ìmúlò gbooro jù lọ ti [[environmental protection]].<ref name="l">{{Cite journal|last1=Tesch|first1=Danielle|last2=Kempton|first2=Willett|date=2004-01-01|title=Who is an Environmentalist? The Polysemy of Environmentalist Terms and Correlated Environmental Actions|url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jea/vol8/iss1/4|journal=Journal of Ecological Anthropology|volume=8|issue=1|pages=67–83|doi=10.5038/2162-4593.8.1.4|issn=1528-6509|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, bí [[environmental justice]], ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn ọmọ ìbílẹ̀, àti àwọn ìṣòro ayíká pàtàkì bí [[Climate crisis|ìpẹ̀yà ojú-ọjọ]] ṣe ń gba àkíyèsí púpọ̀ sí i, ó ti yọrí sí ìdàgbàsókè àwọn ìdánimọ̀ tuntun láàárín àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn àbò ayíká.
===Àwọn ibi àfojúsùn===
{{Further|Environmentalism|List of environmental issues|Human impact on the environment}}
Ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká ní àgbègbè iṣẹ́ tó gbooro gan-an, ó sì lè kó gbogbo àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ayíká, ìtọju ohun àdánidá, àti ẹ̀kọ́ nípa àwọn ohun alààyè sínú rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àbò àwọn ilẹ̀ àdánidá, ewéko, àti ẹranko fún oríṣìíríṣìí ète àti ìlò. Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ni wọ̀nyí:
* [[Nature conservation|Ìtọju ayíká]] jẹ́ ìlànà tí ènìyàn fi ń dáàbò bo àwọn ohun àdánidá inú ayíká. Yálà nípasẹ̀ [[reforestation]], [[recycling]], tàbí ìṣàkóso ìdòtí ayíká, ìtọju ayíká ń ṣèrànwọ́ láti pa ìdára ìgbésí ayé àdánidá mọ́.
* [[Environmental health]] movement ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ìgbà [[Progressive Era]], ó sì dojú kọ àwọn ìlànà ìlera ìlú bí omi mímu tó mọ́, ìṣètò ìdọ̀tí tó péye, àti ìdàgbàsókè olùgbé tó ní ìdúróṣinṣin. Ìlera ayíká tún lè ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú [[nutrition]], [[preventive medicine]], [[aging]], àti àwọn ọ̀ràn míì tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àlàáfíà ènìyàn. A tún máa ń wo ìlera ayíká gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì tó ń fi ipò [[environment (biophysical)|ayíká]] hàn, tàbí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ètò ìkìlọ̀ ṣáájú fún ohun tí ó lè ṣẹlẹ̀ sí ènìyàn. Èyí ń ṣèrànwọ́ púpọ̀ fún ayíká nípa dídín iye ẹranko tí ń kú kù.
* [[Environmental justice]] jẹ́ [[social movement]] tí ń dojú kọ àìdájọ́ tó máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn àwùjọ talákà tàbí àwọn ẹgbẹ́ tí a ti fi sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ bá ní ìpalára látàrí [[hazardous waste]], [[resource extraction]], àti àwọn ìlò ilẹ̀ míì ([[Land use]]) tí wọn kò ní àǹfààní kankan nínú wọn.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Size |first1=Julie |last2=London |first2=Jonathan K. |date=July 2008 |title=Environmental Justice at the Crossroads |journal=Sociology Compass |language=en |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=1331–1354 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00131.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.001.0001 |title=Defining Environmental Justice |date=2007 |last1=Schlosberg |first1=David |isbn=978-0-19-928629-4 }}</ref>{{pn|date=April 2025}}
==== Àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko tí a ti ṣe àtúnṣe ẹ̀dá wọn ====
[[Genetically modified plant|Àwọn ewéko tí a ti ṣe àtúnṣe ẹ̀dá wọn]] àti [[Genetically modified animal|àwọn ẹranko tí a ti ṣe àtúnṣe ẹ̀dá wọn]] ni àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn àbò ayíká kan gbà pé wọ́n burú ní ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ nítorí pé wọn kì í ṣe ohun àdánidá. Àwọn mìíràn sì ń tọ́ka sí àwọn àǹfààní tí àwọn irúgbìn GM lè ní, bí [[water conservation]] nípasẹ̀ agbado tí a ṣe àtúnṣe láti má bà a nílò omi púpọ̀, àti dídín lílo oògùn apanirun kù nípasẹ̀ àwọn irúgbìn tó lè kojú àwọn kòkòrò tó ń pa irúgbìn run. Wọ́n tún tọ́ka sí i pé àwọn [[genetically modified livestock]] kan máa ń dàgbà kíákíá, èyí tó túmọ̀ sí pé àkókò ìdàgbàsókè wọn kúrú, tí ó sì ń mú kí lílo oúnjẹ ẹran wọ̀nyí túbọ̀ munadoko.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rincon |first=Paul |date=25 February 2015 |title=Is the world ready for GM animals? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31604233 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806053845/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31604233 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>
Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn irúgbìn àti ẹranko tí a ti ṣe àtúnṣe ẹ̀dá wọn, [[synthetic biology]] náà ń gbajúgbajà sí i. Àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn àbò ayíká sì ń jiyàn pé ó tún ní àwọn ewu tirẹ̀ bí àwọn ohun alààyè wọ̀nyí bá dé inú àdánidá. Ìdí ni pé, yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ohun alààyè tí a ti ṣe àtúnṣe ẹ̀dá wọn, [[synthetic biology]] máa ń lo [[base pairs]] tí kò sí nínú àdánidá rárá.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 2016 |title=FUTURE BRIEF : Synthetic biology and biodiversity |url=http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/synthetic_biology_biodiversity_FB15_en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015125328/http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/synthetic_biology_biodiversity_FB15_en.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2017 |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=European Commission}}</ref>
==== Ìṣípáàrọ̀ Alátakò Agbára Nọ́ọ́kílíà ====
[[anti-nuclear movement|Ìṣípáàrọ̀ alátakò nọ́ọ́kílíà]] ń tako lílo oríṣìíríṣìí [[nuclear technology|ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ nọ́ọ́kílíà]]. Ète àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ni [[nuclear disarmament]], ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tó yá, àfojúsùn náà yí padà sí àwọn ọ̀ràn míì, pàápàá jùlọ ìtakò sí lílo [[nuclear power]]. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ [[Demonstration (people)|ìfihàn]] àti [[protest]] ńlá ni a ti ṣe lábẹ́ ìṣípáàrọ̀ yìí.
[[pro-nuclear movement|Ìṣípáàrọ̀ tó ń ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún nọ́ọ́kílíà]] ní àwọn ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú àwọn tí wọ́n ti jẹ́ alátakò rẹ̀ rí, tí wọ́n gbà pé ewu tí [[climate change]] ń fa sí ẹ̀dá ènìyàn burú ju ewu kankan tó lè wá láti agbára nọ́ọ́kílíà lọ.
Ní àárín ọdún 1970s, ìpolongo ìtakò nọ́ọ́kílíà ti kọjá àwọn ìfihàn àdúgbò àti òṣèlú agbègbè láti di ohun tí ó ní ipa àti gbajúgbajà ní àgbègbè tó gbooro. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò ní àjọ kan ṣoṣo tó ń ṣàkóso rẹ̀, ìsapá ìṣípáàrọ̀ náà gba àkíyèsí púpọ̀, pàápàá ní [[United Kingdom]] àti [[United States]].<ref name="eleven">Walker, J. Samuel (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=tf0AfoynG-EC&q=Three+Mile+Island:+A+Nuclear+Crisis+in+Historical+Perspective Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective]'' (Berkeley: University of California Press), pp. 10–11.</ref>
Lẹ́yìn [[Three Mile Island accident]] ní ọdún 1979, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìfihàn àpapọ̀ waye. Èyí tó tóbi jù lọ wáyé ní New York City ní Oṣù Kẹsán ọdún 1979, tí ó sì ní ènìyàn tó lé ní 200,000.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hrebenar |first1=Ronald J. |title=Interest Group Politics in America |last2=Scott |first2=Ruth K. |date=16 August 1997 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9781563247033 |page=149}}</ref>
=== Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ìfihàn àtakò ayíká ===
[[File:March_Against_Monsanto_Vancouver.jpg|thumb|"[[March Against Monsanto]]", Vancouver, Canada, 25 May 2013]]
{{Main|List of environmental protests}}
[[Tree sitting]] jẹ́ ọ̀nà ìpolongo kan níbi tí olùfìhàn máa ń jókòó lórí igi láti dá ìgé igi dúró tàbí láti dí ìparun agbègbè kan lọwọ. Ẹni tó gbajúgbajà jù lọ nínú irú ìpolongo yìí ni [[Julia Butterfly Hill]], ẹni tí ó lo ọjọ́ 738 lórí igi Redwood kan ní California, tí ó sì gba agbègbè igbó tó tó eka mẹ́ta là.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fountain |first=Henry |date=18 June 2006 |title=Rising Above the Environmental Debate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/18/weekinreview/18basic.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
A tún mọ̀ [[Yellow Finch tree sit]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdènà tó pé ọjọ́ 932 sí [[Mountain Valley Pipeline]] láàárín ọdún 2018 sí 2021.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Hammack |first=Laurence |date=12 November 2020 |title=Judge orders tree-sitters down after more than 2 years |url=https://roanoke.com/business/local/judge-orders-tree-sitters-down-after-more-than-2-years/article_3a53db1a-250b-11eb-8b06-4bf4a91a32cc.html |work=The Roanoke Times}}</ref>
[[Sit-in|Ìjókòó ìfihàn]] lè jẹ́ ọ̀nà láti mú ìyípadà àwùjọ wá, bíi Greensboro sit-ins ní ọdún 1960 tó tako ìpínya ẹ̀yà, ó sì tún lè jẹ́ ọ̀nà ìpolongo ayíká bí a ṣe rí nínú [[Dakota Access Pipeline]] Protest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mele |first=Christopher |date=2016 |title=Veterans To Serve as 'Human Shields' for Dakota Pipeline Protestors |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/us/veterans-to-serve-as-human-shields-for-pipeline-protesters.html?_r=0 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
Àwọn ìfihàn àti ìpolongo ayíká tó ṣe pàtàkì ni:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[2010 Xinfa aluminum plant protest]]
* [[Anti-WAAhnsinns Festival]]
* [[Car-Free Days]]
* [[Camp for Climate Action]]
* [[Campaign against Climate Change]]
* [[Climate Rush]]
* [[Cofán people#Oil drilling|Ìfihàn àtakò lórí ìwakùsà epo ti àwọn ènìyàn Cofán (Ecuador)]]
* [[Earth Day]]
* [[Earth First!]]
* [[Earthlife Africa]]
* [[Extinction Rebellion]]
* [[Global Climate Strike (disambiguation)|Àwọn ìdásílẹ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbáyé fún ojú-ọjọ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/27/climate-crisis-6-million-people-join-latest-wave-of-worldwide-protests|title=Climate crisis: 6 million people join latest wave of global protests|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/9/17/20864740/greta-thunberg-youth-climate-strike-fridays-future|title=Greta Thunberg is leading kids and adults from 150 countries in a massive Friday climate strike|date=17 September 2019}}</ref>
* [[Global Day of Action]]
* [[Gurindji Strike]]
* [[Hands off our Forest]]
* [[Homes before Roads]]
* [[Water protectors]]
* [[Just Stop Oil]]
* [[Kupa Piti Kungka Tjuta]]
* [[Love Canal protests]]
* [[March Against Monsanto]]
* [[Nevada Desert Experience]]
* [[Plane Mad]]
* [[Plane Stupid]]
* [[Qidong protest]]
* [[Save Manapouri Campaign]]
* [[Say Yes demonstrations]]
* [[Shifang protest]]
* [[Stop Climate Chaos]]
{{div col end}}
== Ìtàn ==
{{Main|Environmentalism#History|Conservation movement#History|Smoke abatement}}
Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká ní Yúróòpù àti Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà wá láti inú àwọn ètò [[Smoke abatement]] tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti dín [[smoke]] àti [[pollution]] tó ń pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ([[atmosphere]]) kù ní àkókò [[Industrial Revolution]]. Ìfarahàn àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ńlá àti ìdàgbàsókè tó pọ̀ gan-an nínú lílo èédú ([[history of coal mining|coal]]) yọrí sí ìpele [[air pollution]] tí a kò tíì rí rí tẹ́lẹ̀ ní àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ìlú iṣẹ́. Lẹ́yìn ọdún 1900, iye púpọ̀ ti àwọn [[chemical]] egbin ilé iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ń tú síta fi kún àkójọpọ̀ egbin ènìyàn tí a kò tíì tọ́jú dáadáa.<ref name="Donora">{{cite web |url=http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ |title=History of the Clean Air Act |access-date=14 February 2006 |first=James R. |last=Fleming |author2=Bethany R. Knorr |publisher=American Meteorological Society |archive-date=10 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610133251/http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Àwọn àríwísí ==
{{see also|Environmentalism#Criticism|Anti-environmentalism|Criticism of the environmental movement in the United States}}
Àwọn aláròyé tó ní ìwòye aláfipamọ́ (conservative) máa ń ṣàpèjúwe ìṣípáàrọ̀ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tó le jù tàbí tí kò tọ́ ní ìtọ́sọ́nà. Wọ́n tún ń ṣàríwísí [[United States Endangered Species Act]], èyí tí ó wá sí abẹ́ àyẹ̀wò ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, pẹ̀lú Clean Air Act, tí wọ́n sọ pé ó tako ẹ̀tọ́ ohun-ini aládàáni, èrè ilé-iṣẹ́, àti ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé orílẹ̀-èdè lápapọ̀.
Pẹ̀lú èyí, àwọn alárìwísí tún ń tako ẹ̀rí sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ń fi hàn pé ìgbóná ayé ([[Climate change denial|global warming]]) ń ṣẹlẹ̀. Wọ́n sọ pé ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká ti yí àkíyèsí kúrò lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn míì tó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ.<ref name="Culture Wars">{{cite book |last=Chapman |first=Roger |url=https://archive.org/details/culturewarsencyc00chap |title=Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices |publisher=M.E. Sharpe, Inc |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7656-1761-3 |pages=162 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
Àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn àbò ayíká ní ilẹ̀ Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn tún ti dojú kọ àríwísí lórí [[performative activism]], [[eco-colonialism]], àti fífi ìhùwàsí [[white savior]] hàn, pàápàá àwọn gbajúgbajà tí ń gbé ìpolongo ìtọju ayíká lárugẹ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ń dàgbàsókè.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Abidin |first1=Crystal |last2=Brockington |first2=Dan |last3=Goodman |first3=Michael K. |last4=Mostafanezhad |first4=Mary |last5=Richey |first5=Lisa Ann |date=17 October 2020 |title=The Tropes of Celebrity Environmentalism |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=387–410 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-081703 |issn=1543-5938 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dillon |first1=Nina M. |date=1991 |title=The Feasibility of Debt-For-Nature Swaps |journal=North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation |volume=16 |pages=127}}</ref>
Nígbà tí àwọn olùgbé tó ń gbé lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ àwọn iṣẹ́ ìdàgbàsókè tí a fẹ́ ṣe bá ṣètò ìtakò sí wọn, wọ́n máa ń pè wọ́n ní "[[NIMBYS]]", àkótán fún gbolóhùn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tó túmọ̀ sí "Kì í ṣe ní ẹ̀yìn ilé mi".<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Nimby |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/nimby |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721203623/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/nimby |archive-date=21 July 2015 |access-date=17 July 2015 |publisher=Macmillan Dictionary}}</ref>
== Nípa orílẹ̀-èdè ==
{{World topic|Environmental movement in|title=Ìṣípáàrọ̀ fún àbò ayíká nípa orílẹ̀-èdè|noredlinks=yes|state=expanded}}
=== Ásíà ===
==== Bangladesh ====
Mithun Roy Chowdhury, Alága Save Nature & Wildlife (SNW), [[Bangladesh]], tẹnumọ́ pé àwọn ará Bangladesh gbọ́dọ̀ gbé ohùn sókè lòdì sí [[Tipaimukh Dam]], tí [[Government of India|Ìjọba Íńdíà]] ń kọ́. Ó sọ pé iṣẹ́ Tipaimukh Dam yóò di “ìkúpa” míì fún Bangladesh bí [[Farakka Barrage]] ṣe rí, èyí tó lè yọrí sí [[environmental disaster]] fún àràádọ́ta ọ̀kẹ́ ènìyàn ní agbègbè [[Meghna River]] basin. Ó tún sọ pé iṣẹ́ yìí lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ [[desertification]] ní Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Protest against the Tipaimukh Dam by Save Nature & Wildlife (SNW), Bangladesh |url=http://www.newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=50039&date=2012-01-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205055556/http://www.newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=50039&date=2012-01-14 |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=17 March 2013 |website=Newstoday.com.bd}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Long march against Tipai dam begins |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-97465 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919052342/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-97465 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |access-date=2 September 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Protest against Tipaimukh dam |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=93865&date=2012-01-14#.TxCr7b1D420.facebook |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817014402/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=93865&date=2012-01-14#.TxCr7b1D420.facebook |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=17 March 2013 |publisher=Thefinancialexpress-bd.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Protest tipai Dam |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=14-01-2012&type=gold&data=Food&pub_no=761&cat_id=1&menu_id=43&news_type_id=1&index=41 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527120040/https://www.kalerkantho.com/?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=14-01-2012&type=gold&data=Food&pub_no=761&cat_id=1&menu_id=43&news_type_id=1&index=41 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |access-date=17 March 2013 |publisher=Kalerkantho.com}}</ref>
Bangladesh tún ti jẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìdọ̀tí ayíká ga gan-an nítorí àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tó bàjẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn diesel, àti àwọn gaasi olóró láti ilé iṣẹ́. Afẹ́fẹ́ náà ń ba ìlera ènìyàn, ayíká, àti ìdàgbàsókè ọrọ̀ ajé jẹ́.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rabin |first1=Mominul Haque |last2=Wang |first2=Qingyue |last3=Kabir |first3=Md Humayun |last4=Wang |first4=Weiqian |date=January 2023 |title=Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements of fine street dust during COVID-19 lockdown in Bangladesh |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=4323–4345 |doi=10.1007/s11356-022-22541-8 |pmc=9377810 |pmid=35971052 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==== China ====
{{Further|Environmentalism in China}}
Ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká ní China ń lágbára sí i, pẹ̀lú ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn NGO ayíká tí ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìyípadà ìlànà àti fífi ọ̀ràn ayíká sínú ìpinnu orílẹ̀-èdè. Àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn yìí sábà máa ń darapọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn aráàlú, àwọn amòye, àti àwọn olùkópa míì láti ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìṣòro pàtàkì.
Ìkójọpọ̀ àwùjọ (grassroots) àti ìfihàn tún ti túbọ̀ wọ́pọ̀, pàápàá lórí ìṣòro bíi ìdọ̀tí, ìparun igbo, àti ìtọ́jú onírúurú ohun alààyè. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kì í sábà gba àkíyèsí média orílẹ̀-èdè, wọ́n ń mú ìmòye ayíká pọ̀ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |author=Fengshi Wu |year=2009 |title=Environmental Activism and Civil Society Development in China: 15 Years in Review |url=http://www.harvard-yenching.org/sites/harvard-yenching.org/files/featurefiles/WU%20Fengshi_Environmental%20Civil%20Society%20in%20China2.pdf |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>
Ní China, ìfihàn ayíká ń gbooro sí i, wọ́n sì ń pè fún ìkópa gbogbo ènìyàn “ní orúkọ àwùjọ”.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Christoph Steinhardt |author2=Fengshi Wu |year=2016 |title=In the Name of the Public: Environmental Protest and the Changing Landscape of Popular Contention in China |journal=The China Journal |volume=75 |pages=61–82}}</ref>
Ìrírí China fi hàn pé ìfihàn lè pọ̀ sí i, ṣùgbọ́n ó ti dàgbà látàrí ìṣòro ìṣèlú orílẹ̀-èdè. Àwọn ìfihàn ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọgọ́rùn-ún díẹ̀ ní ọdún 1990s dé ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún lọ́dún 2004. Ọ̀pọ̀ ìṣòro náà ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìdọ̀tí, ìparun ilẹ̀, àti omi mímu.
Ìṣòro omi, ìparun ilẹ̀, àti ìgbẹ̀yà (desertification) tún wà lára àwọn ìṣòro pàtàkì. Ìpele omi inú ilẹ̀ ní North China Plain ń ṣubú lọ́dọọdún.<ref name="Asia">{{cite web |last=Bello |first=Walden |date=12 October 2007 |title=The Environmental Movement in the Global South |url=http://www.tni.org/archives/act/17458 |access-date=15 February 2013}}</ref>
==== India ====
{{Further|Environmental movement in India}}
Ìlera ayíká àti ìlera aráàlú ṣi jẹ́ ìjà tí ń lọ ní India. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká ní India bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní 1964 pẹ̀lú ìdásílẹ̀ ''Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh'', ìṣọ̀kan òṣìṣẹ́ tí [[Chandi Prasad Bhatt]] dá sílẹ̀.
Ìgbésẹ̀ yìí yọrí sí [[Chipko movement]] ní 1974. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó burú jù lọ ni [[Bhopal disaster|ìjamba gaasi Bhopal]] ní 1984, tí ó pa ẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn lẹ́sẹ̀kẹsẹ̀ tí ó sì kan ọ̀pọ̀ mílíọ̀nù.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial Disaster |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/12/bhopal-the-worlds-worst-industrial-disaster-30-years-later/100864/}}</ref>
Ní India, ìpolongo tún wà lòdì sí Coca-Cola àti Pepsi nítorí lílo omi ilẹ̀ àti ìdọ̀tí ayíká. Àwọn ìjà náà tún kan ìkọ́lé dam, ìwakùsà, àti ìdọ̀tí ilẹ̀. Ẹgbẹ́ Jhola Aandolan tún ń rọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn kí wọ́n yá kúrò nínú lílo àpò polyethylene.
Ní ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún, ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ àti ìdínkù omi ń di ìpèníjà ńlá fún ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká ní India.<ref name="Asia" />
==== Aarin Ila-Oòrùn ====
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Ìpin ilẹ̀ iṣẹ́-ogbin tí a ń fi omi rì (2021)]]
Ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká ní agbègbè [[Arab world]], pẹ̀lú [[Middle East and North Africa]] (MENA), ń kópa jọ lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn bíi [[industrial pollution]] àti ìbéèrè pé kí ìjọba pèsè [[irrigation]].<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Harry Verhoevenn |title=Environmental Politics in the Middle East |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190050139 |page=28}}</ref>
[[League of Arab States]] ní àbùdá sub-committee kan nínú àwọn komiti abẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ 12 tí ń ṣàkóso ọ̀ràn ìlú òkèèrè, tí ó ń bójú tó ọ̀ràn ayíká. Ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè nínú League yìí ti fi hàn pé wọ́n ní ìfẹ́ sí ọ̀ràn ayíká, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn alátakò sọ pé ìfaramọ́ yìí kì í ṣe alágbára ní ìṣe, ó sábà jẹ́ ohun tí a fi hàn nìkan fún àwùjọ àgbáyé.
Ìpele ìmòye ayíká lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìdásílẹ̀ **Minisita Ayíká**. Ọdún tí a dá minisita sílẹ̀ tún fi hàn bí ìfẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè sí ayíká ṣe lágbára. Saudi Arabia ni orílẹ̀-èdè àkọ́kọ́ tó dá òfin ayíká sílẹ̀ ní 1992, lẹ́yìn náà Egypt ní 1994. Somalia ni orílẹ̀-èdè kan ṣoṣo tí kò ní òfin ayíká.
Ní 2010, Environmental Performance Index fi Algeria sí ipo tó dára jù lọ nínú àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Arab (42 nínú 163), Morocco 52, Syria 56. Kò sí orílẹ̀-èdè Arab kankan nínú quartile tó ga jù, àti 7 nínú wọn wà ní quartile tó kéré jù.<ref name="Arab world">{{cite journal |last=Djoundourian |first=Salpie |date=1 August 2011 |title=Environmental movement in the Arab world |journal=Environment, Development and Sustainability |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=743–758}}</ref>
==== Koria Gúúsù àti Taiwan ====
Koria Gúúsù àti Taiwan ní ìdàgbàsókè ilé-iṣẹ́ láàárín 1965 sí 1990 pẹ̀lú àìní ìṣàkóso ayíká tó péye. Odò Han àti Nakdong ní Koria Gúúsù ti bàjẹ́ gan-an nítorí ìtú egbin ilé-iṣẹ́, tó fẹrẹẹ di “òdò tí kò ní ìyè”.
Ní Taiwan, ìdàgbàsókè ilé-iṣẹ́ mú kí ìdọ̀tí wọ́ inú ilẹ̀ oko, tó jẹ́ kí ọ̀pọ̀ ilẹ̀-ogbin bàjẹ́, àti pé ìrẹsì kan ní eroja olóró.
Àwọn agbeka ayíká ní orílẹ̀-èdè méjèèjì yìí kó àwọn ènìyàn láti oríṣìíríṣìí ìpele ìgbésí ayé jọ. Àwọn ìbéèrè wọn ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́, ìlera iṣẹ́, àti ìṣòro ogbin. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìgbà, ìtakò yìí yọrí sí ìyípadà gidi, pẹ̀lú fífi àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ kúrò tàbí fífi àwọn òfin tuntun sílẹ̀ lòdì sí ìdọ̀tí.
==== Ìtọ́jú igbo ní India àti Burma ní àkókò amúnisìn ====
Ìtọ́jú ayíká òde-òní bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní àwọn igbo India pẹ̀lú lílo ìmò sáyẹ́ǹsì. Ìmọ̀ ìtọ́jú yìí fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ènìyàn ń ba ayíká jẹ́, àti pé ojúṣe ni láti bójú tó ayíká fún ìran tó ń bọ̀.
James Ranald Martin ṣe ipa pàtàkì nínú ìdàgbàsókè yìí, nípa fífi ẹ̀rí hàn pé ìparun igbo ń fa ìṣòro ayíká, ó sì rọ ìjọba British India láti dá Forest Department sílẹ̀.
Ní Madras, Alexander Gibson bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣàkóso igbo tó dá lórí sáyẹ́ǹsì ní 1842, èyí ni a ka sí ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìṣàkóso igbo ìjọba àkọ́kọ́ ní ayé.
Lẹ́yìn náà, ìjọba Lord Dalhousie dá eto ìtọ́jú igbo àgbáyé sílẹ̀ ní 1855, èyí tó di àpẹẹrẹ fún àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì.
Dietrich Brandis tún ṣe àtúnṣe nínú iṣàkóso igbo Burma, ó sì dá ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ igbo sílẹ̀ ní Dehradun.
==== Áfríkà ====
==== South Africa ====
Ní 2022, ilé-ẹjọ́ ní South Africa jẹ́rìí pé àwọn aráàlú ní ẹ̀tọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè láti ní ayíká tó mọ́ àti tí kì í pa ìlera jẹ́, pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ sí afẹ́fẹ́ mímọ́. Ẹjọ́ yìí ni a mọ̀ sí “Deadly Air case”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garland |first=Rebecca |date=23 March 2022 |title=South African court rules that clean air is a constitutional right |url=http://theconversation.com/south-african-court-rules-that-clean-air-is-a-constitutional-right-what-needs-to-change-179706}}</ref>
==== Amẹ́ríkà ====
==== Latin America ====
Lẹ́yìn ìpàdé ayíká Stockholm 1972, àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè Latin America bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìlànà ayíká tuntun. Ṣùgbọ́n ìdàgbàsókè ìlú àti ìṣòro ìmúraṣẹ̀ òfin mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ ìlànà kùnà.
Ọ̀pọ̀ ìlú ń pọ̀ sí i, àwọn ènìyàn sì ń gbé nínú ilé tí kò péye. Ìfàṣẹyọrí òfin ayíká kéré, ìtanrànwá sì rọrùn, tó mú kí ìdọ̀tí máa ń pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Latin America">{{cite news |last=Figdor |first=Carrie |date=24 July 1988 |title=Latin America's Environmental Movement Seen as Well-Meaning but Inadequate |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-07-24-mn-10121-story.html}}</ref>
===== Brazil =====
{{see also|Environmental issues in Brazil#Solutions and policies}}
Ní ọdún 1992, Brazil wá lábẹ́ àyẹ̀wò ní [[United Nations Conference on Environment and Development]] ní Rio de Janeiro. Brazil ní ìtàn ìmòye ayíká tó kéré gan-an. Ó ní ìpele [[biodiversity]] tó ga jù lọ ní ayé, ṣùgbọ́n pẹ̀lú ìpele gíga jù lọ ti [[habitat destruction]].
Ìdá kan nínú mẹ́ta àwọn igbo ayé wà ní Brazil. Ó tún jẹ́ ilé [[Amazon River|Odò Amazon]] tó tóbi jù lọ àti [[Amazon rainforest|igbo Amazon]] tó tóbi jù lọ ní ayé.
Àwọn ènìyàn ti ń kó owó jọ láti dá àwọn itura ìpínlẹ̀ sílẹ̀ àti láti mú ìmòye pọ̀ sí i lórí bí ìparun igbo àti ìdọ̀tí omi ṣe ń kan ayé. Láàárín 1973 sí 1990s, àti lẹ́yìn náà ní 2000s, àwọn àwùjọ ìbílẹ̀ àti àwọn olùkó igi rọba tún ṣe ìdènà (blockades) láti dáàbò bo púpọ̀ nínú igbo Amazon.<ref name=":0" />
Brazil tún ní ọ̀pọ̀ àjọ tí ń darí ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká. Blue Wave Foundation ni a dá sílẹ̀ ní 1989, ó sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìpolówó láti gbé ìpolongo ẹ̀kọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè kalẹ̀ fún mímọ́ etíkun Brazil.
Funatura ni a dá ní 1986 gẹ́gẹ́ bí ètò ìpamọ́ ẹranko. Pro-Natura International tún jẹ́ àjọ aládani ayíká tí a dá ní 1986.<ref name="Brazil">{{cite news |last=Brooke |first=Elizabeth Heilman |date=2 June 1992 |title=As Forests Fall, Environmental Movement Rises in Brazil |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/02/news/as-forests-fall-environmental-movement-rises-in-brazil.html}}</ref>
Láti ìparí 2000s, ìtakò àwùjọ ní Minas Gerais dá ìdàgbàsókè míì dúró tí yóò ba igbo jẹ́. Ní Pará, [[Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra]] (Landless Workers Movement) àti àwọn míì ṣe ìdènà àti ìtẹ́wọ́gbà lòdì sí ìwakùsà irin Carajás.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smit |first=Jan Paul |date=2022-11-21 |title=Mining Resistance in Brazil |url=https://commonslibrary.org/mining-resistance-in-brazil/}}</ref>
==== United States ====
{{Main|Environmental movement in the United States}}
[[File:Walden Thoreau.jpg|thumb|Ojú-ìwé àkọ́kọ́ ìtẹ̀jáde ''[[Walden]]'' tí [[Henry David Thoreau]] kọ]]
Ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká ní [[United States]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, láti inú ìbànújẹ́ lórí ìpamọ́ àwọn orísun ayé ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn. Àwọn ènìyàn bíi [[John Muir]] àti [[Henry David Thoreau]] ṣe ipa pàtàkì nínú ìmọ̀-òye yìí.
Thoreau kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ nípa ìbáṣepọ̀ ènìyàn pẹ̀lú ayíká nípasẹ̀ ìgbé ayé tó rọrùn nítòsí ìṣẹ̀dá, èyí tó jẹ́ kókó nínú ìwé rẹ̀ ''[[Walden]]'' (1854). John Muir gbà pé ìṣẹ̀dá ní ẹ̀tọ́ tirẹ̀, ó sì ṣe ìrìnàjò ní [[Yosemite Valley]].
Ó ṣàṣeyọrí nínú ìmúlò òfin láti dá [[Yosemite National Park]] sílẹ̀, ó sì dá [[Sierra Club]] sílẹ̀ ní 1892.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wulf |first=Andrea |title=The Invention of Nature}}</ref>
Ìmọ̀ ìpamọ́ àti ìgbàgbọ́ pé ìṣẹ̀dá ní ẹ̀tọ́ tirẹ̀ di ìpìlẹ̀ fún ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká òde-òní.
Láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọ̀rúndún 20, ìtàn ìṣípáàrọ̀ ayíká òde-òní wá láti inu ìwé Rachel Carson ''[[Silent Spring]]'' (1962), Murray Bookchin ''Our Synthetic Environment'' (1962), àti Paul Ehrlich ''[[The Population Bomb]]'' (1968).
Àwọn olùgbé Amẹ́ríkà tún kópa nínú ìtakò sí ohun ija nukilià, [[acid rain]], ìparun ozone, deforestation, àti ní ìgbà yìí [[climate change]]. Ìjọba Amẹ́ríkà tún dá òfin ayíká púpọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní 1970s bíi [[Clean Water Act]], [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]], [[Endangered Species Act]], àti [[National Environmental Policy Act]].
Ní 1990s, ìgbésẹ̀ anti-environmental “Wise Use” tún farahàn ní Amẹ́ríkà.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Helvarg |first=David |title=The war on the greens}}</ref>
=== Europe ===
Òfin ayíká European Union dá lórí ìpinnu European Council, àti eto ọdun márùn-ún àkọ́kọ́.
Ìlànà “polluter pays principle” ti di apakan pataki nínú òfin ayíká ṣáájú kí a to fi sínú Single European Act.
Lẹ́yìn ìṣòro epo 1973, Germany (SPD) ṣe òfin tuntun lórí ìdinku lílo agbára.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Energy and Power: Germany in the Age of Oil, Atoms, and Climate Change}}</ref>
==== Germany ====
Ní ọdún 1930s, ìjọba Nazi ní Germany ní àwọn ìlànà tí ó dáàbò bo ẹranko àti ìṣẹ̀dá. Wọ́n dá òfin ìdáàbò bo ẹranko sílẹ̀ ní 1933, àti Reich Hunting Law ní 1934.
Ní 1935, Reich Nature Protection Act tún wáyé. Ìmọ̀ “perpetual forest” (Dauerwald) tún jẹ́ apakan ìlànà wọn, pẹ̀lú ìdènà ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmentalism in Nazi Germany}}</ref>
==== Sípéènì ====
Nígbà [[Spanish Revolution of 1936|Ìyípadà Sípéènì]] ní ọdún 1936, àwọn agbègbè tí àwọn anarchist ń ṣàkóso ṣe ọ̀pọ̀ àtúnṣe tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àyíká, èyí tí ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn àtúnṣe tó tóbi jùlọ ní ayé ní àsìkò náà. [[Daniel Guérin|Daniel Guerin]] ṣàlàyé pé àwọn [[List of anarchist communities|agbègbè anarchist]] yóò mú kí irúgbìn onírúurú pọ̀ sí i, yóò fa iṣẹ́ [[irrigation|ìrígéṣọ̀nù]] sí i, yóò tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ [[reforestation|gbígbìn igi tuntun]], dá àwọn ilé ìtọ́jú ọmọ igi sílẹ̀, àti ṣèrànwọ́ láti dá àwọn [[Naturist resort|àgbègbè ìgbé ayé naturist]] sílẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guerin |first=Daniel |title=Anarchism: From Theory to Practice |publisher=Monthly Review Press |year=1970 |location=New York |pages=134}}</ref> Nígbà tí wọ́n ṣàwárí ìbáṣepọ̀ láàrin ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ àti àrùn iko (tuberculosis), ẹgbẹ́ [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] ti pa ọ̀pọ̀ ilé iṣẹ́ irin kan mọ́lẹ̀.<ref>Iain McKay, "[http://anarchism.pageabode.com/anarcho/caplan.html Objectivity and Right-Libertarian Scholarship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301095808/http://anarchism.pageabode.com/anarcho/caplan.html// |date=1 March 2021 }}," 20 January 2009, http://anarchism.pageabode.com/anarcho/caplan.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301095808/http://anarchism.pageabode.com/anarcho/caplan.html// |date=1 March 2021 }} .</ref>
==== Orílẹ̀-Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ====
{{See also|Environmental direct action in the United Kingdom|}}
Ní ìparí ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ fún ìtọju ẹranko igbó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dá sílẹ̀. Onímọ̀ ẹranko [[Alfred Newton]] ṣe àtẹ̀jáde ọ̀pọ̀ ìwádìí lórí ''Ìdí tí ó fi yẹ kí a dá “àkókò ìdènà ọdẹ” sílẹ̀ fún ìdáàbò bo àwọn ẹranko abinibi'' láàrin ọdún 1872 sí 1903. Ìpolongo rẹ̀ fún òfin tó máa dáàbò bo àwọn ẹranko kúrò lọ́wọ́ ọdẹ ní àsìkò ìbímọ yọrí sí ìdásílẹ̀ Plumage League (tí ó di [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]]) ní ọdún 1889.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hickling |first=James |date=2021-06-01 |title=The Vera Causa of Endangered Species Legislation: Alfred Newton and the Wild Bird Preservation Acts, 1869–1894 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-021-09633-w |journal=Journal of the History of Biology |language=en |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=275–309 |doi=10.1007/s10739-021-09633-w |issn=1573-0387 |pmid=33782819 |s2cid=254553730|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ náà ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[advocacy group|ẹgbẹ́ agbátẹrù]] tó ń ṣe ìpolongo lòdì sí lílo awọ àti iyẹ̀ [[great crested grebe]] àti [[black-legged kittiwake|kittiwake]] fún [[fur clothing|aṣọ onírun]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Conservation biology |url=https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Animal_Conservation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221019/https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Animal_Conservation |archive-date=5 March 2023 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=hmoob.in |language=en |archivedate=5 March 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221019/https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Animal_Conservation |deadurl=yes }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2023|reason=Orísun náà dàbí àpilẹ̀kọ Wikipedia.}} Ẹgbẹ́ náà tún ṣe ìpolongo fún ìdáàbò bo àwọn ẹyẹ abinibi ní [[British Isles|àwọn erékùṣù Gẹ̀ẹ́sì]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.rspb.org.uk/about-the-rspb/about-us/our-history/ |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=RSPB}}</ref>
Ẹgbẹ́ náà gba àtìlẹ́yìn púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn arin kilasi tó ń gbé ní agbègbè ìta ìlú,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mycoo |first=Michelle |date=January 2006 |title=The Retreat of the Upper and Middle Classes to Gated Communities in the Poststructural Adjustment Era: The Case of Trinidad |journal=Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=131–148 |bibcode=2006EnPlA..38..131M |doi=10.1068/a37323 |issn=0308-518X |s2cid=143766333}}</ref> ó sì ní ipa nínú fífi [[Sea Birds Preservation Act 1869|Òfin Ìdáàbò Bo Ẹyẹ Òkun 1869]] ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òfin àkọ́kọ́ ní ayé fún ìdáàbò bo àdánidá.<ref>{{cite book |author=G. Baeyens |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3540740023 |title=Coastal Dunes: Ecology and Conservation |author2=M. L. Martinez |publisher=Springer |year=2007 |page=282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Makel |first=Jo |date=2 February 2011 |title=Protecting seabirds at Bempton Cliffs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/humberside/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_9383000/9383787.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502175830/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/humberside/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_9383000/9383787.stm |archive-date=2 May 2019 |access-date=16 December 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
Ó tún gba àtìlẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn olókìkí mìíràn bíi onímọ̀ ẹyẹ [[Alfred Newton]]. Ní ọdún 1900, ìtìlẹ́yìn gbogbo ènìyàn fún ẹgbẹ́ náà ti pọ̀ gan-an, ó sì ní ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ tó ju 25,000 lọ. Ìṣàkóso [[garden city movement]] fi ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìbànújẹ àyíká sínú ètò ìlú rẹ̀, nígbà tí [[Socialist League (UK, 1885)|Socialist League]] àti [[The Clarion (British newspaper)|The Clarion]] tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pe fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ [[nature conservation|ìtọju àdánidá]].<ref>Gould, (1988) pp. 16, 23–24, 36–38, 84–86.</ref>
===Òṣéáníà===
====Ọsirélíà====
{{Excerpt|Environmental movement in Australia}}
====Niu Silandi====
{{Excerpt|Environmental movement in New Zealand}}
==Wo tún wo==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Anti-consumerism]]
* [[Earth Science]]
* [[Earth Strike]]
* [[Ecological economics]]
* [[Eco-socialism]]
* [[Environmental defender]]
* [[Environmental justice]]
* [[List of environmental organizations|Environmental organizations]]
* [[Green movement]]
* [[Holistic management]]
* [[List of women climate scientists and activists]]
* [[Political representation of nature]]
* [[Positive environmentalism]]
* [[Social ecology (theory)|Social ecology]]
* [[Sustainability]]
* [[Timeline of environmental events]]
* [[Water protector]]
{{Div col end}}
==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí==
{{Reflist}}
{{Green politics}}
{{Simple living|state=collapsed}}
{{Environmental social science}}
{{Environmentalism}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Environment|Ecology|Society|Earth sciences|Energy|Politics}}
[[Category:Environmental movements]]
[[Category:Environmentalism]]
[[Category:Environmental social science concepts]]
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{{Short description|International youth movement for climate action}}
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{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Fridays for Future
| subtitle =
| partof = the [[climate movement]]
| image = Maximum school strikers per country.svg
| caption = Maximum number of school strikers per country:
{{Clear}}
{{left|{{legend|#AAFFAA|{{val|1000}} }}}}
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{{left|{{legend|#002B00|{{val|1000000}}+}}}}
| date = Since 20 August 2018, mostly on Fridays, sometimes on Thursdays<!-- Belgium -->, Saturdays<!-- Switzerland, France --> or Sundays<!-- Belgium -->
| place = International
| coordinates =
| causes = Political inaction against [[global warming]]
| goals = [[Climate justice]]
| methods = [[Student strike]]
| status = Active
| result =
| side1 = {{center|Youth}}
| side2 =
| side3 =
| leadfigures6 = {{center|[[Greta Thunberg]]}}
| howmany3 = {{center|1.4 million (for 15 March 2019)<ref name="Carrington19.03.2019"/><br />4 million (for 20 September 2019)<ref name="Vox 350"/><br />2 million (for 27 September 2019)<ref name="Guardian 6 million"/>}}
| howmany2 =
| howmany1 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| fatalities =
| injuries =
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| detentions =
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| casualties_label =
| notes = [https://fridaysforfuture.org Website]
| sidebox =
}}
[[File:Fridays For future (1171).jpg|thumb|Children at a Fridays for Future protest in Germany, 2019]]
'''Fridays for Future''' ('''FFF'''), also known as the '''School Strike for Climate''' ({{langx|sv|Skolstrejk för klimatet}} {{IPA|sv|ˈskûːlstrɛjk fœr klɪˈmɑ̌ːtɛt|}}), is an international movement of school students who skip Friday classes to participate in demonstrations to demand action from political leaders to [[prevent climate change]] and for the [[fossil fuel]] industry to transition to [[renewable energy]].<!-- ATTENTION EDITORS: Please don't link "climate change" as a standalone article because on the English Wikipedia that article pertains to the PETM and to the Holocene glaciation and any other climate change at any point in time. It is a GENERIC article about the CONCEPT. The article about the problem which raises the striker's concern is [[global warming]]. Thanks. --> Publicity and widespread organising began after Swedish pupil [[Greta Thunberg]] staged a protest in August 2018 outside of the Swedish parliament, the [[Riksdag]], holding a sign that read "{{lang|sv|Skolstrejk för klimatet}}" ("School strike for the climate").<ref name="Crouch">{{cite news |author-last=Crouch |author-first=David |title=The Swedish 15-year-old who's cutting class to fight the climate crisis |date=1 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, United Kingdom |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/01/swedish-15-year-old-cutting-class-to-fight-the-climate-crisis |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-date=2019-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104073409/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/01/swedish-15-year-old-cutting-class-to-fight-the-climate-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author-last=Weyler |author-first=Rex |title=The youth have seen enough |url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/20260/the-youth-have-seen-enough/ |access-date=22 January 2019 |publisher=[[Greenpeace International]] |date=4 January 2019 |archive-date=2020-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121081913/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/20260/the-youth-have-seen-enough/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.plu.edu/scancenter/exhibitions/skolstrejk-for-klimatet-greta-thunberg-and-swedish-school-strikes/
|title=Swedish Youth Inspires School Strikes Across the Globe|website=[[Pacific Lutheran University]]|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref>
Ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àgbáyé kan ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019 kó àwọn olùdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó ju mílíọ̀nù kan lọ jọ nínú ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 2,200 tí a ṣètò ní orílẹ̀-èdè 125.<ref name="Carrington19.03.2019">{{Cite news |author-first=Damian |author-last=Carrington |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |title=School climate strikes: 1.4 million people took part, say campaigners |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-date=2020-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307085113/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Guardian_20190315"/><ref name="BBC strike 2"/><ref name="Barclay"/> Ní ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Karùn-ún 2019, nínú ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àgbáyé kejì, ìwọ̀n ìfarahàn 1,600 káàkiri orílẹ̀-èdè 150 fa ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ẹgbẹ̀rún àwọn olùdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Àwọn ìfarahàn Oṣù Karùn-ún náà ni a ṣètò láti bá [[2019 European Parliament election]] mu.<ref name="BBC strike 2">{{cite news |title=Students walk out in global climate strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |access-date=24 May 2019 |agency=[[BBC]] |date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524053103/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='We're one, we're back': Pupils renew world climate action strike |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |access-date=24 May 2019 |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524075701/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gerretsen_20190524">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/24/world/global-climate-strike-school-students-protest-climate-change-intl/index.html |title=Global Climate Strike: Record number of students walk out |author-first=Isabelle |author-last=Gerretsen |website=CNN |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920101801/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/24/world/global-climate-strike-school-students-protest-climate-change-intl/index.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/ |title=Students From 1,600 Cities Just Walked Out of School to Protest Climate Change. It Could Be Greta Thunberg's Biggest Strike Yet |author-last=Haynes |author-first=Suyin |date=24 May 2019 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526085735/http://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=26 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[2019 Global Week for Future]] jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 4,500 káàkiri àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tó ju 150 lọ, tí a dojú kọ ní pàtàkì sí ọjọ́ Ẹtì, 20 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án àti ọjọ́ Ẹtì, 27 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án. Ó ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ lórí ojú-ọjọ́ tó tóbi jùlọ nínú ìtàn ayé. Ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ọjọ́ 20 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án kó nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin àwọn olùfarahàn jọ, ọ̀pọ̀ nínú wọn jẹ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, pẹ̀lú mílíọ̀nù 1.4 ní [[Germany]].<ref>Largest climate strike:
* {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/21/across-the-globe-millions-join-biggest-climate-protest-ever |title=Across the globe, millions join biggest climate protest ever |work=[[The Guardian]] |author-last1=Laville |author-first1=Sandra |author-last2=Watts |author-first2=Jonathan |date=21 September 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920235607/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/21/across-the-globe-millions-join-biggest-climate-protest-ever |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
4 million protesters overall:
* {{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |title=How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate. |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |author-last1=Barclay |author-first1=Eliza |author-last2=Resnick |author-first2=Brian |date=20 September 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921012020/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |archive-date=21 September 2019 |url-status=live }}
1.4 million protesters in Germany:
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.zdf.de/uri/2e409846-e515-4055-a7df-140ca15c9f24 |title=Rekordzahlen bei Klimademos: In Deutschland demonstrieren 1,4 Millionen Menschen |website=zdf.de |language=de |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-date=2020-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325130727/https://www.zdf.de/uri/2e409846-e515-4055-a7df-140ca15c9f24 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liveblog-zum-globalen-klimastreik-fridays-for-future-protestiert-in-2000-orten.c85e0e02-e49b-45d0-a5f6-5ebafa7f2b70.html |title=Liveblog zum globalen Klimastreik: Fridays for Future protestiert in 2000 Orten |website=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]] |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920145017/https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liveblog-zum-globalen-klimastreik-fridays-for-future-protestiert-in-2000-orten.c85e0e02-e49b-45d0-a5f6-5ebafa7f2b70.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 27 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, a fojú díwọ̀n rẹ̀ pé nǹkan bí mílíọ̀nù méjì ènìyàn kópa nínú àwọn ìfarahàn káàkiri ayé, pẹ̀lú àwọn olùfarahàn tó ju mílíọ̀nù kan lọ ní [[Italy]] àti ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ẹgbẹ̀rún olùfarahàn ní [[Canada]].<ref name="Guardian 6 million">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/27/climate-crisis-6-million-people-join-latest-wave-of-worldwide-protests|title=Climate crisis: 6 million people join latest wave of global protests|work=[[The Guardian]]|last1=Taylor|first1=Matthew|last2=Watts|first2=Jonathan|last3=Bartlett|first3=John|date=27 September 2019|access-date=28 September 2019|archive-date=2019-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208055719/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/27/climate-crisis-6-million-people-join-latest-wave-of-worldwide-protests|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Repubblica million">{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/09/27/news/clima-237064333/?ref=RHPPLF-BH-I237047295-C8-P2-S1.8-T1|title=Fridays for future, al via i cortei in 180 città italiane: 'Siamo più di un milione'|trans-title=Fridays for future, kids in the streets in 180 Italian cities: 'We're more than a million'|work=[[la Repubblica]]|date=27 September 2019|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=2020-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221065558/https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/09/27/news/clima-237064333/?ref=RHPPLF-BH-I237047295-C8-P2-S1.8-T1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC Canada"/>
== {{anchor|Climate strike|20151130}}Àwọn ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó ṣáájú ==
{{See also|Global Climate March 2015}}
Ní Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2006, a dá Australian Youth Climate Coalition sílẹ̀ láti ṣètò àwọn ìṣe lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn ọdọ àti àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/climate-warriors-march-behind-little-green-book-20090710-dg2t.html|title=Climate warriors march behind little green book|first=Kelsey|last=Munro|date=10 July 2009|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=26 October 2020|archive-date=2016-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817175257/http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/climate-warriors-march-behind-little-green-book-20090710-dg2t.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2010, àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní England jáde kúrò ní kíláàsì láti ṣàtakò sí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, èyí tí ó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú Climate Camp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/mar/02/climate-camp-disbanded|title=Climate Camp disbanded|date=2 March 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=26 October 2020|archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032503/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/mar/02/climate-camp-disbanded|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní ìparí Oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2015, ẹgbẹ́ olómìnira kan ti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ pe àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ míì káàkiri ayé láti fò ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ní ọjọ́ àkọ́kọ́ ti [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] ní Paris. Ní ọjọ́ 30 Oṣù kọkànlá, ọjọ́ àkọ́kọ́ àpéjọ náà, a ṣètò "Ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ Ojú-ọjọ́" ní orílẹ̀-èdè tó ju 100 lọ; ó ju ènìyàn 50,000 lọ ló kópa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GjdVgGfcb8 |title=Climate Strike 2015: Students Skip School demanding Climate Actions |work=Climate Strike |date=1 March 2016 |access-date=14 March 2019 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=2019-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922063013/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GjdVgGfcb8 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ìgbésẹ̀ náà dojú kọ ohun mẹ́ta pàtàkì: lílo [[clean energy|agbára mímọ́]] ní ọgọ́rùn-ún nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún, fífi [[fossil fuel]] sílẹ̀ nínú ilẹ̀, àti ríràn àwọn [[climate refugee]] lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.climatestrike.net/ |title=Climate Strike |website=climatestrike.net |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=2020-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228231528/https://www.climatestrike.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Greta Thunberg àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀, 2018 ==
[[File:Greta Thunberg 4.jpg|thumb|[[Greta Thunberg]] ní iwájú ilé aṣòfin Sweden ní Stockholm, Oṣù Kẹjọ 2018]]
[[File:Fridays for Future Germany door hanger promoting climate strike on 14 February 2025.png|thumb|Àkọsílẹ̀ ìpolówó kan tó ń kéde ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ gbogbo Germany tí a ṣètò fún ọjọ́ 14 Oṣù Kejì 2025]]
[[File:Old town Stockholm the bike of Greta.jpeg|thumb|Kẹ̀kẹ́ alágbátẹrù kan ní [[Stockholm]] ní ọjọ́ 11 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án 2018: "A gbọ́dọ̀ ka [[climate change|ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́]] sí àjálù! Ojú-ọjọ́ ni ọ̀ràn ìdìbò tó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ!"]]
Ní ọjọ́ 20 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2018, alágbátẹrù ojú-ọjọ́ ọmọ Sweden [[Greta Thunberg]],<ref name="John_CNN_20190213">{{Cite news |title=How teenage girls defied skeptics to build a new climate movement |date=13 February 2019 |author-first=Tara |author-last=John |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/13/uk/student-climate-strike-girls-gbr-scli-intl/index.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228102034/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/13/uk/student-climate-strike-girls-gbr-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> tó wà ní kíláàsì kẹsàn-án nígbà náà, pinnu láti má lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ títí di [[2018 Sweden general election]] ní ọjọ́ 9 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án lẹ́yìn àwọn [[2018 European heat wave|ìgbóná gbígbóná]] àti [[2018 Sweden wildfires|iná igbó]] ní Sweden.<ref name="Crouch"/> Ó sọ pé àwọn ọdọ alágbátẹrù ní [[Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School]] ní [[Parkland, Florida]], tí wọ́n ṣètò [[March for Our Lives]], ló fún un ní ìmísí.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teen activist on climate change: If we don't do anything right now, we're screwed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGmBkIUwYkA |access-date=10 February 2019 |agency=[[CNN]] |date=23 December 2018 |archive-date=2019-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315172703/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGmBkIUwYkA |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian view on teenage activists: protesters not puppets – Editorial |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/07/the-guardian-view-on-teenage-activists-look-whos-pulling-the-strings |access-date=11 February 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211043029/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/07/the-guardian-view-on-teenage-activists-look-whos-pulling-the-strings |url-status=live }}</ref>
Thunberg ń ṣe ìfarahàn nípa jíjókòó níta [[Riksdag]] lójoojúmọ́ ní àsìkò ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ pẹ̀lú àmi kan tí a kọ sí pé "{{lang|sv|Skolstrejk för klimatet}}" ("ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ fún ojú-ọjọ́").<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-fifteen-year-old-climate-activist-who-is-demanding-a-new-kind-of-politics |title=The Fifteen-Year-Old Climate Activist Who Is Demanding a New Kind of Politics |date=2 October 2018 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=2019-01-18 |archive-date=2019-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105223945/https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-fifteen-year-old-climate-activist-who-is-demanding-a-new-kind-of-politics |url-status=live }}</ref> Lára àwọn ohun tó ń béèrè ni pé kí ìjọba Sweden dín [[carbon emission]] kù gẹ́gẹ́ bí [[Paris Agreement]] ṣe sọ. Ní ọjọ́ 7 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án, díẹ̀ ṣáájú ìdìbò gbogbogbò náà, ó kéde pé òun yóò máa ṣe ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì títí tí Sweden yóò fi tẹ̀lé Paris Agreement. Ó dá ọ̀rọ̀-ìpolongo ''Fridays for Future'' sílẹ̀, èyí tí ó gba àkíyèsí káàkiri ayé, tí ó sì mú kí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ káàkiri ayé kópa nínú [[student strike|ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́]].<ref name="Guardian2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/04/leaders-like-children-school-strike-founder-greta-thunberg-tells-un-climate-summit |title='Our leaders are like children,' school strike founder tells climate summit |date=4 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2019-01-18 |archive-date=2019-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050002/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/04/leaders-like-children-school-strike-founder-greta-thunberg-tells-un-climate-summit |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[List of school strikes for the climate|Ìfarahàn àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ fún ìgbésẹ̀ lórí ayíká]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í waye káàkiri ayé, ní ìmísí láti ọ̀dọ̀ [[Greta Thunberg|Thunberg]]. Ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ju ènìyàn kan lọ ṣẹlẹ̀ ní The Hague ní oṣù Kẹsán ọdún 2018 níta ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin Dutch, [[Binnenhof|parliament]], tí Sandor van Gessel, Anne-Laure Stroek, Ianthe Minnaert àti Ellis van der Borgh darí.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Landeweer |first=Maja |date=13 September 2018 |title=Scholieren spijbelen voor het klimaat: 'Boeit onze toekomst je iets?' |url=https://www.ad.nl/den-haag/scholieren-spijbelen-voor-het-klimaat-boeit-onze-toekomst-je-iets~a3cf7d90 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=AD}}</ref>
Ní àwọn ọjọ́ tó tẹ̀lé e, ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní [[Australia]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́kọ́ ilé ẹ̀kọ́ ní gbogbo ọjọ́ Ẹtì láti fi béèrè ìgbésẹ̀ lórí ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́, bí wọ́n ṣe kọ̀ láti tẹ̀lé ìpè [[Prime Minister of Australia|Olórí Ìjọba]] [[Scott Morrison]] tó ní kí wọ́n “kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ sí i ní ilé ẹ̀kọ́, kí wọ́n sì dín ìfarahàn olóṣèlú kù.”<ref name="Wilkinson">{{Cite news |url=https://edition-m.cnn.com/2018/11/30/australia/australia-school-climate-strike-scli-intl/index.html |title=Australian school children defy prime minister with climate strike |author-first=Bard |author-last=Wilkinson |date=30 November 2018 |publisher=[[CNN]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104642/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/30/australia/australia-school-climate-strike-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
Nígbà tí àpéjọ [[COP24]] ní [[Katowice]], Poland, ń lọ, àwọn ìfarahàn náà tẹ̀síwájú ní o kere tan àwọn ìlú 270.<ref name="Guardian2"/> Ní oṣù Kejìlá, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tún ṣe ìfarahàn ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè bíi Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Denmark, Japan, Switzerland, United Kingdom àti United States.<ref name="Guardian2"/>
== Ìgbòkègbodò Ẹgbẹ́ náà, 2019 ==
{{See also|List of school climate strikes}}
Ní ọdún 2019, àwọn ìfarahàn tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè wọ̀nyí àti àwọn míì bíi Colombia, New Zealand àti Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news |author-first=Julia |author-last=Conley |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/01/17/im-sure-dinosaurs-thought-they-had-time-too-over-12000-students-strike-brussels |title=I'm Sure Dinosaurs Thought They Had Time, Too: Over 12,000 Students Strike in Brussels Demanding Bold Climate Action |date=17 January 2010 |work=[[Common Dreams]] |access-date=2019-01-18 |archive-date=2019-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112143016/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/01/17/im-sure-dinosaurs-thought-they-had-time-too-over-12000-students-strike-brussels |url-status=live }}</ref>
Àwọn ìfarahàn ńlá waye ní ọjọ́ 17 àti 18 Oṣù Kini 2019, níbi tí ó kere tan àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 45,000 ṣe ìfarahàn ní Switzerland àti Germany nìkan, ní ìbéèrè fún ìlànà tó lágbára sí i lórí ìgbóná ayé.<ref name="Rippstein"/><ref name="RTS-ATS"/><ref name="Hendrischke"/>
Ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè bí Germany àti United Kingdom, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ béèrè kí a yí òfin ìdìbò padà kí ọjọ́ orí tó yẹ fún ìdìbò dínkù sí ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún (16), kí àwọn ọdọ lè ní agbára láti ní ipa nínú àwọn ìdìbò gbogbogbò.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]] |url=https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/freitag-zur-demo--so-denken-die-jugendlichen-von--fridays-for-future--8555674.html |title=Ragna, Linus, Ronja und Florian: Sie schwänzen den Unterricht, um die Welt zu retten |language=de |date=30 January 2019 |access-date=2019-02-23 |archive-date=2019-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528230647/https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/freitag-zur-demo--so-denken-die-jugendlichen-von--fridays-for-future--8555674.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní oṣù Kẹjọ ọdún 2019, Thunberg rin ìrìnàjò ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì ní ọkọ̀ ojú omi lọ sí [[New York City]] láti tẹ̀síwájú ní ìpolongo rẹ̀ fún ìgbésẹ̀ lórí àjálù ojú-ọjọ́. Ó kópa nínú àwọn ìfarahàn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní United States ní ọjọ́ 20 Oṣù Kẹsán, lẹ́yìn náà ó sì sọ̀rọ̀ ní Ipàdé Ayíká ti UN ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Kẹsán 2019 ní New York City.<ref>Tara Law. [https://time.com/5663534/greta-thunberg-arrives-sail-atlantic/ "Climate Activist Greta Thunberg Arrives in New York After Sailing Across the Atlantic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102100913/https://time.com/5663534/greta-thunberg-arrives-sail-atlantic/ |date=2019-11-02 }}. TIME. (28 August 2019).</ref>
Ní Germany, àwọn ẹgbẹ́ agbègbè ni wọ́n dá sílẹ̀ tí wọ́n ń bá ara wọn sọ̀rọ̀ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ [[WhatsApp]] tí wọ́n sì ń tan ìfiranṣẹ́ wọn ká nípasẹ̀ ìwé ìpolówó àti ojú-òpó ayélujára. Ní February 2019, ó ju ẹgbẹ́ agbègbè 155 lọ ni wọ́n ti kà sí apá kan nínú ìgbésẹ̀ náà.<ref name=":0"/>
Ní United States, àwọn olùṣètò ṣiṣẹ́ ní ìpele ìpínlẹ̀ kọọkan, wọ́n sì ń lo [[Slack (software)|Slack]] àti àwọn ojú-òpó ayélujára láti ṣètò ìfarahàn wọn. Ní February 2019, ó ju ẹgbẹ́ 134 lọ ni wọ́n ti dá sílẹ̀ lábẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ náà.<ref name=":0"/>
Minisita ayíká fún Flanders ní Belgium, [[Joke Schauvliege]], fi ipò rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ 5 Oṣù Kejì 2019 lẹ́yìn tí ó sọ láìní ẹ̀rí pé àwọn ìfarahàn àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ jẹ́ ètò tí ẹlòmíràn ṣètò sílẹ̀.<ref name="boffey-2019"/>
Ní United Kingdom, ní ọjọ́ 13 Oṣù Kejì 2019, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ gba ìtìlẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì àti olùkọ́ ní yunifásítì. Àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 224 fọwọ́ sí lẹ́tà gbangba kan tí wọ́n fi hàn pé wọ́n ń ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó ń kópa nínú School Strike for Climate.<ref name="open-letter"/>
Ní ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kejì 2019, ó ju ìṣe ìfarahàn 60 lọ ni wọ́n ṣe káàkiri àwọn ìlú àti ìgboro ní United Kingdom, tí a sì fojú díwọ̀n pé àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó tó 15,000 ló kópa nínú rẹ̀.<ref name="BBC15Feb"/>
[[File:Fridays For Future Vicenza.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Vicenza]], 15 March 2019]]
Onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ojú-ọjọ́ [[Stefan Rahmstorf]], láti [[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]], bá àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó kópa nínú ìfarahàn Fridays for Future sọ̀rọ̀ ní [[Potsdam]], Germany, ní ọjọ́ yẹn náà.<ref name="rahmstorf-2019">{{cite web |author-last=Rahmstorf |author-first=Stefan |author-link=Stefan Rahmstorf |title=#FridaysForFuture — Schüler kämpfen für Klimaschutz |trans-title=#FridaysForFuture—Students fight for climate protection |language=de |date=15 February 2019 |work=KlimaLounge |url=https://scilogs.spektrum.de/klimalounge/fridaysforfuture-schueler-kaempfen-fuer-klimaschutz/ |access-date=19 February 2019 |quote=Ich war von den Potsdamer Schülern eingeladen worden, auf der heutigen Demonstration vor dem Landtag ein paar Worte zu sagen. Diese Einladung habe ich gerne angenommen. [I had been invited by the Potsdam school pupils to say a few words at the demonstration today in front of the [Brandenburg] state parliament. I gladly accepted this invitation.] |archive-date=2019-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130416/https://scilogs.spektrum.de/klimalounge/fridaysforfuture-schueler-kaempfen-fuer-klimaschutz/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ 21 Oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019, [[President of the European Commission]], [[Jean-Claude Juncker]], sọ pé ó fẹ́ fi ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún bílíọ̀nù yúrò (€) sínú àwọn ìlànà tó máa dín ipa ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ kù. Ìnáwó yìí tó fẹrẹ̀ jẹ́ ìdá mẹ́rin nínú ìsúná gbogbo European Union. Ó kéde èrò yìí níbi tí Greta Thunberg wà, àti pé ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn gbà pé ìfarahàn àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ló mú kí ìkéde yìí ṣẹlẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-teen-activist-idUSKCN1QA1RF |title=Swedish student leader wins EU pledge to spend billions on climate |date=21 February 2019 |work=Reuters |access-date=11 March 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625222613/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-teen-activist-idUSKCN1QA1RF |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ 5 Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2019, àwọn olùṣèwádìí àti onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó lé ní 700 tí wọ́n ń sọ èdè Jámánì fọwọ́ sí àkọsílẹ̀ kan láti fi hàn pé wọ́n ń ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún ìfarahàn àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Germany.<ref name="maier-2019">{{cite news |author-last=Maier |author-first=Jutta |title=700 Wissenschaftler und Prominente unterstützen Klimastreik |trans-title=700 scientists and prominent people support climate strike |date=5 March 2019 |newspaper=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |location=Berlin, Germany |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/scientists-for-future-700-wissenschaftler-und-prominente-unterstuetzen-klimastreik/24065788.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |quote=[Solidarity with student demonstrations: hundreds of researchers believe the protests are justified. In a petition they call for a quick change in climate policy.] |archive-date=2019-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924160145/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/scientists-for-future-700-wissenschaftler-und-prominente-unterstuetzen-klimastreik/24065788.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn olùṣèwádìí míì ni wọ́n pè láti darapọ̀ mọ́ àtìlẹ́yìn náà, tí ó sì di pé ó ju onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì 26,800 lọ láti Germany, Austria àti Switzerland ni wọ́n ti fọwọ́ sí i.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unterschriften |url=https://www.scientists4future.org/unterschriften/ |website=Scientists for Future |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=2019-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524182124/https://www.scientists4future.org/unterschriften/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Team |url=https://www.scientists4future.org/team/ |website=Scientists for Future |access-date=30 May 2019 |archive-date=2019-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531022414/https://www.scientists4future.org/team/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ 9 Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2019, nígbà ìpàdé àwọn olórí European Union ní [[Sibiu]], àwọn aṣojú ìgbésẹ̀ Fridays for Future láti oríṣìíríṣìí orílẹ̀-èdè Yúróòpù pàdé pẹ̀lú àwọn olórí orílẹ̀-èdè kan. Wọ́n fi lẹ́tà gbangba kan lé wọn lọ́wọ́, lẹ́tà tí ó ní ìbuwọ́lu tó ju 16,000 àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti alátìlẹ́yìn ìgbésẹ̀ ayíká ní Yúróòpù lọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hln.be/wetenschap-planeet/milieu/anuna-ontmoet-in-roemenie-macron-en-michel-europees-continent-moet-tegen-2050-klimaatneutraal-worden~a8c3d338/|title=Anuna ontmoet in Roemenië Macron en Michel: 'Europees continent moet tegen 2050 klimaatneutraal worden'|date=9 May 2019|work=[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]|access-date=9 May 2019|language=nl|archive-date=2020-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102143107/https://www.hln.be/wetenschap-planeet/milieu/anuna-ontmoet-in-roemenie-macron-en-michel-europees-continent-moet-tegen-2050-klimaatneutraal-worden~a8c3d338/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stern.de/neon/wilde-welt/politik/-fridays-for-future---offener-brief-an-eu-staatschefs-beim-gipfel-in-sibiu-8702302.html|title=Offener Brief von Greta und 16.000 Schülern: 'Liebe EU-Staatchefs, wir fühlen uns verraten!'|date=9 May 2019|work=[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]]|access-date=9 May 2019|language=de|archive-date=2019-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923031626/https://www.stern.de/neon/wilde-welt/politik/-fridays-for-future---offener-brief-an-eu-staatschefs-beim-gipfel-in-sibiu-8702302.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.meteoweb.eu/2019/05/clima-non-solo-greta-attivista-tedesca-incontra-9-capi-governo-esorta-agire/1259741/|title=Clima, non solo Greta: un'altra attivista tedesca incontra 9 capi di governo e li esorta ad agire|last=D'Amico|first=Fortunato|date=9 May 2019|work=Meteo Web|access-date=9 May 2019|language=it|archive-date=2019-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514184655/http://www.meteoweb.eu/2019/05/clima-non-solo-greta-attivista-tedesca-incontra-9-capi-governo-esorta-agire/1259741/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== {{anchor|20190315}}Ìfarahàn Àgbáyé fún Ojú-ọjọ́ Ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019 ===
Ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2019, ọ̀pọ̀ ìfarahàn àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ waye káàkiri ayé, tí wọ́n ń ké pe àwọn àgbàlagbà àti àwọn olórí láti gba ojúṣe wọn kí wọ́n sì gbe ìgbésẹ̀ láti dá ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ dúró. Ó ju mílíọ̀nù kan ènìyàn lọ kópa nínú àwọn ìfarahàn tó fẹrẹ̀ tó {{formatnum:2200}} ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè 125 káàkiri agbaiye.<ref name="Carrington19.03.2019"/><ref name="Guardian_20190315">{{cite news |title=Climate strikes held around the world – as it happened |author-last1=Glenza |author-first1=Jessica |author-last2=Evans |author-first2=Alan |author-last3=Ellis-Petersen |author-first3=Hannah |author-last4=Zhou |author-first4=Naaman |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2019/mar/15/climate-strikes-2019-live-latest-climate-change-global-warming |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190316124506/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2019/mar/15/climate-strikes-2019-live-latest-climate-change-global-warming |archive-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC strike 2"/><ref name="Barclay">{{Cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/3/15/18267156/youth-climate-strike-march-15-photos |title=Photos: kids in 123 countries went on strike to protect the climate |author-last=Barclay |author-first=Eliza |date=15 March 2019 |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-date=2020-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320135606/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/3/15/18267156/youth-climate-strike-march-15-photos |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ 1 Oṣù Kẹta 2019, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 150 láti ẹgbẹ́ àjọṣepọ̀ àgbáyé tó ń ṣètò ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ tí àwọn ọdọ darí (fún ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta), pẹ̀lú Thunberg, tẹ lẹ́tà gbangba kan jáde nínú ''[[The Guardian]]''. Nínú lẹ́tà náà, wọ́n sọ pé:<ref>{{Cite news |author=Global coordination group of the youth-led climate strike |title=Climate crisis and a betrayed generation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/01/youth-climate-change-strikers-open-letter-to-world-leaders |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301193217/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/01/youth-climate-change-strikers-open-letter-to-world-leaders |archive-date=1 March 2019}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|
Àwa àwọn ọdọ kún fún ìbànújẹ àti àníyàn nípa ọjọ́ ọ̀la wa. [...] Àwa ni ọjọ́ ọ̀la ẹ̀dá ènìyàn tí kò ní ohùn. A kò ní tẹ̀síwájú láti gba àìdá òdodo yìí mọ́. [...] Àkókò ti tó láti gba pé àjálù ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ àjálù gidi. Ó jẹ́ ewu tó tóbi jù lọ nínú ìtàn ẹ̀dá ènìyàn, a kò sì ní gba ìfarapa tàbí àìṣeṣe àwọn olùdarí ayé tó ń fi ọlàjú wa sínú ewu. [...] Ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Àwọn ènìyàn ti kú, àwọn míì ń kú, àwọn mìíràn sì tún máa kú nítorí rẹ̀. Ṣùgbọ́n a lè dá a dúró, a sì máa dá a dúró. [...] Nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan wa, a ó máa dide títí di ọjọ́ tí a ó fi rí ìdájọ́ ojú-ọjọ́. A ń béèrè pé kí àwọn olùdarí ayé gba ojúṣe wọn kí wọ́n sì yanju àjálù yìí. Ẹ ti kuna sí wa tẹ́lẹ̀. Bí ẹ bá tún kuna sí wa lọ́jọ́ iwájú, àwa àwọn ọdọ yóò ṣe àyípadà náà fúnra wa. Àwọn ọdọ ayé ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbé ìgbésẹ̀, a kò sì ní dáwọ́ dúró mọ́.
}}
Ní Scotland, àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba ìlú Glasgow, Edinburgh, Highland àti Fife fún àwọn ọmọ ilé ẹ̀kọ́ ní àṣẹ láti kópa nínú àwọn ìfarahàn náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/433571-thousands-of-scottish-students-to-be-allowed-to-miss-school-to-join |title=Thousands of Scottish students to be allowed to miss school to join climate protests |author-first=Brooke |author-last=Seipel |date=11 March 2019 |website=TheHill.com |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=2019-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312034016/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/433571-thousands-of-scottish-students-to-be-allowed-to-miss-school-to-join |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní Finland, àwọn òbí fi lẹ́tà ìfọwọ́sí ránṣẹ́ sí àwọn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ kí àwọn ọmọ wọn lè kópa nínú ìfarahàn náà.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10685882 |title=Osa nuorista pelkää, uskaltaako perjantain ilmastolakkoon osallistua koulun asenteen takia: Näin rehtorit yrittävät suitsia lakkoilijoita |website=Yle.fi |date=13 March 2019 |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330060827/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10685882 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ìlú [[Turku]] ní Finland, àwọn alákóso ẹ̀kọ́ kede pé àwọn ọmọde ní ẹ̀tọ́ labẹ òfin orílẹ̀-èdè láti darapọ̀ mọ́ ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ náà, àti pé kò yẹ kí a dí wọn lọ́wọ́.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ts.fi/uutiset/4513209 |title=Turun koulutoimenjohtaja: 'Ilmastolakko lapsen perustuslaillinen oikeus, ei voida kieltää'|date=14 March 2019 |website=Ts.fi |access-date=14 March 2019 |archive-date=2021-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216180849/https://www.ts.fi/uutiset/paikalliset/4513209/Turun+sivistystoimialan+johtaja+Ilmastolakko+lapsen+perustuslaillinen+oikeus+ei+voida+kieltaa |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta, nínú àpilẹ̀kọ àlejò kan tí ''The Guardian'' tẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú akọlé "Think we should be at school? Today's climate strike is the biggest lesson of all", àwọn aṣáájú ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ ilé ẹ̀kọ́ — Thunberg, [[Anna Taylor (activist)|Anna Taylor]], [[Luisa Neubauer]], Kyra Gantois, [[Anuna De Wever]], [[Adélaïde Charlier]], [[Holly Gillibrand]] àti [[Alexandria Villaseñor]] — tún ṣàlàyé àwọn ìdí tí wọ́n fi pinnu láti ṣe ìfarahàn náà.<ref>{{cite news |author-last1=Thunberg |author-first1=Greta |author-link1=Greta Thunberg |author-last2=Taylor |author-first2=Anna |author-link2=Anna Taylor (activist) |author-last3=Neubauer |author-first3=Luisa |author-link3=Luisa Neubauer |author-last4=Gantois |author-first4=Kyra |author-last5=De Wever |author-first5=Anuna |author-link5=Anuna De Wever |author-last6=Charlier |author-first6=Adélaïde |author-link6=Adélaïde Charlier |author-last7=Gillibrand |author-first7=Holly |author-last8=Villaseñor |author-first8=Alexandria |author-link8=Alexandria Villaseñor |title=Think we should be at school? Today's climate strike is the biggest lesson of all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/school-climate-strike-greta-thunberg?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other |access-date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=15 March 2019 |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330062958/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/school-climate-strike-greta-thunberg?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní Germany, ó ju àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ {{formatnum:300000}} lọ tí wọ́n kópa nínú ìfarahàn ní àwọn ìlú 230, nígbà tí ó ju {{formatnum:25000}} lọ ṣe ìfarahàn ní Berlin nìkan.<ref name="Staude_20190315">{{cite web |title=300.000 bei 'Fridays for Future' in Deutschland |language=de |trans-title={{formatnum:300000}} at 'Fridays for Future' in Germany |author-first=Jens |author-last=Staude |work=Klimareporter |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.klimareporter.de/protest/300-000-bei-fridays-for-future |access-date=15 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191229090040/https://www.klimareporter.de/protest/300-000-bei-fridays-for-future |archive-date=29 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="tagesschau_20190315">{{cite web |title=Klima-Demos – von Berlin bis Sydney |language=de |trans-title=Climate demos from Berlin to Sydney |work=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|Tagesschau]] |publisher=[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/klimaschutz-demonstrationen-fridays-for-future-103.html |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190316195109/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/klimaschutz-demonstrationen-fridays-for-future-103.html |archive-date=2019-03-16 }}</ref>
Àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tó ṣe ìfarahàn náà gba àtìlẹ́yìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ tuntun kan tí wọ́n pè ní Parents for Future.<ref name="dw_20190310">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-parents-support-young-climate-activists/a-47844875|title=Parents in Germany support young climate activists|first=Julia|last=Vergin|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=10 March 2019|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>
Ní Italy, ó ju àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ {{formatnum:200000}} lọ tí wọ́n ṣe ìfarahàn, nígbà tí àwọn olùṣètò sọ pé {{formatnum:100000}} nínú wọn wà ní [[Milan]] nìkan.
Ní Montreal, ó ju {{formatnum:150000}} ènìyàn lọ tó kópa; ní Stockholm láàárín {{formatnum:15000}} sí {{formatnum:20000}} ènìyàn ló wà; Melbourne ní {{formatnum:30000}}; Brussels ní {{formatnum:30000}}; àti Munich ní {{formatnum:8000}}. Àwọn ìlú mìíràn tí ìfarahàn náà tún dé ni Paris, London, Washington, Reykjavík, Oslo, Helsinki, Copenhagen àti Tokyo.<ref name="Guardian_20190315"/>
Ní Antarctica, ó kere tán àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì méje ṣe ìpéjọ ìtìlẹ́yìn kan ní [[Neumayer Station III]] ti [[Alfred Wegener Institute]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=These Photos of Kids Protesting Climate Change All Over the World Will Give You Hope for the Future |author-first1=Jackie Flynn |author-last1=Mogensen |author-last2=Van Pykeren |author-first2=Sam |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/03/global-climate-change-youth-protests-photos/ |access-date=24 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190324105920/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/03/global-climate-change-youth-protests-photos/ |archive-date=24 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=#FridaysForFuture Overwinterer at the Neumayer Station III in the #Antarctic support the #SchoolStrike4Climate #ScientistsForFuture |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=[[AWI Media]] |url=https://twitter.com/AWI_Media/status/1106537052944957440/photo/1 |access-date=24 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190324110554/https://twitter.com/AWI_Media/status/1106537052944957440/photo/1 |archive-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>
Ní New Zealand, ìfarahàn náà kò péye bí a ṣe retí nítorí [[Christchurch mosque shootings]] tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kan náà. Nítorí ààbò, wọ́n fagilé ìfarahàn ní Christchurch, wọ́n sì ní kí àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ padà sí ilé tàbí kí wọ́n wà ní ibi ààbò.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 March 2019 |title=Thousands of students protest against climate change |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/384744/thousands-of-students-protest-against-climate-change |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315025702/https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/384744/thousands-of-students-protest-against-climate-change |archive-date=15 March 2019 |access-date=15 March 2019 |work=Radio New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/112807302/christchurch-students-striking-for-climate-again|title=Christchurch students striking for climate again|website=Stuff|date=17 May 2019|language=en|access-date=11 December 2019|archive-date=2019-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211205755/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/112807302/christchurch-students-striking-for-climate-again|url-status=live}}</ref>
Síbẹ̀, àwọn ìfarahàn náà tẹ̀síwájú ní àwọn ìlú mìíràn ní New Zealand. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn tó kópa kò tíì mọ̀ nípa ìkọlù náà nígbà tí wọ́n ń ṣe ìfarahàn. Ọ̀kan lára wọn sọ pé kò gbọ́ nípa ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà títí tí ó fi tan tẹlifíṣọ̀nù ní alẹ́ láti wo ìròyìn, ní ìrètí pé ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ náà yóò jẹ́ ìròyìn pàtàkì jù lọ lọ́jọ́ náà.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything everywhere all at once |url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/everything-everywhere-all-at-once/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=New Zealand Geographic |language=en-NZ}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Koululakko ilmaston puolesta 20190315.jpg|Ìfarahàn School Strike for Climate níwájú [[Parliament House, Helsinki|Ilé Aṣòfin]], [[Helsinki]], 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019
File:Activist Alienor Rougeot-Fridays for future;march 15-2019;Photographer Dina Dong.jpg|"Fridays for Future" ní [[Toronto]], 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019
File:San Francisco Youth Climate Strike - March 15, 2019 - 22.jpg|Ìfarahàn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ ní [[San Francisco]] ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019
File:Climate strike Cleveland Public Square 01.jpg|Ìfarahàn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ ní [[Cleveland]] ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019
File:School Strike for Climate in Wellington 13.jpg|Ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ ní [[Wellington]] ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019
File:Grève des lycéens contre le déréglement climatique à Dijon.jpg|Ọ̀rọ̀ kan tí wọ́n ń sọ láti orí àtẹ̀gùn Jardin Darcy ní [[Dijon]] ([[Côte-d'Or]], [[Burgundy]], [[France]]) fún ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹta 2019
</gallery>
=== {{anchor|20190524}}Ìfarahàn Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé Kejì ní Ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Karùn-ún 2019 ===
[[File:Stuttgart Fridays for future Frontbanner 20190524 yj.jpg|thumb|Ìfarahàn Ojú-ọjọ́ ní [[Stuttgart]] ní ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Karùn-ún 2019]]
[[File:Students protesting Climate Change inactio in Lisbon, Portugal.webm|thumb|Ìfarahàn Ojú-ọjọ́ ní [[Lisbon]] ní ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Karùn-ún 2019]]
Ìgbì kejì ti àwọn ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìṣe ìfarahàn ní New Zealand àti Australia ní ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Karùn-ún 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Students walk out in global climate strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |access-date=24 May 2019 |agency=BBC |date=24 May 2019 |archive-date=2019-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524053103/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='We're one, we're back': Pupils renew world climate action strike |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |access-date=24 May 2019 |work=www.aljazeera.com |date=24 May 2019 |archive-date=2019-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524075701/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ilé ẹ̀kọ́ káàkiri ayé dáwọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ dúró láti kópa nínú ìfarahàn náà ní àwọn ìlú tó ju 1,600 lọ ní o kere tán àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè 125.<ref name="Gerretsen_20190524"/>
Thunberg, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùṣètò ìfarahàn náà, sọ pé a ṣe ìfarahàn náà ní ọjọ́ kejì nínú ìdìbò aṣòfin [[2019 European Parliament election]] tó gba ọjọ́ mẹ́rin, kí ìfarahàn náà lè ní ipa lórí àwọn olùdìbò àti àwọn olóṣèlú.<ref name=":4"/>
Àwọn ìwádìí ìbò tí wọ́n ṣe ní àkókò náà fi hàn pé ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́ jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọ̀ràn pàtàkì jù lọ fún àwọn olùdìbò, pàápàá jù lọ ní Germany níbi tí ó ti jẹ́ ọ̀ràn tó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn.<ref name=":4"/>
=== {{anchor|AC2106}}Ìfarahàn Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé ní Aachen ní Ọjọ́ 21 Oṣù Kẹfà 2019 ===
Fridays for Future Deutschland pe àwọn ènìyàn sí ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ ńlá kan lábẹ́ àkòrí “Climate Justice Without Borders – United for a Future” (Ìdájọ́ Ojú-ọjọ́ Láìsí Ààlà – Ìṣọ̀kan Fún Ọjọ́ Ọ̀la). Wọ́n tún ké sí àwọn ènìyàn láti orílẹ̀-èdè mẹ́tàdínlógún láti wá sí [[Aachen]] ní ọjọ́ 21 Oṣù Kẹfà 2019.
Àwọn alátakò àti olùfarahàn kóra jọ ní ọ̀pọ̀ ibi káàkiri ìlú náà, pẹ̀lú [[Aachen Hauptbahnhof|ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Aachen]], [[Westpark (Aachen)|Westpark]], [[Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen|RWTH]] àti [[Vaals]].<ref name="tagesschau_AC"/>
Pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ orin oríṣìíríṣìí, wọ́n rìn tàbí gun kẹ̀kẹ́ lọ sí ibi ìpàdé pàtàkì ní [[New Tivoli, Aachen|Tivoli]], ohun tí ó fa ìdènà sí apá ńlá ti ètò ọkọ̀ àti ojú-ọ̀nà ìlú náà fún ọ̀pọ̀ wákàtí.
Diẹ̀ lára àwọn olùfarahàn gba ilé kan, afárá kan àti àwọn ọ̀pá gíga láti fi gbé àwọn àpótí ìpolówó ńlá sókè. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, wọ́n retí pé láàárín ènìyàn 10,000 sí 20,000 ni yóò wá, ṣùgbọ́n ní ìparí, ó tó 40,000 ènìyàn ni wọ́n kópa, ohun tí ó jẹ́ kí ó di ìfarahàn Fridays for Future tó tóbi jù lọ tí a ti ṣe ní ìlú kan ní Germany ní àsìkò yẹn.<ref name="Zeit_20190621"/><ref name="DLF_2019"/><ref name="DW_2019"/><ref name="Bierwisch_2019"/><ref name="Ballig_2019"/><ref name="Pilger_2019"/>
Àwọn ọlọ́pàá náà jẹ́wọ́ pé iye ènìyàn tó kópa sunmọ iye tí wọ́n ti retí tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref name="SPON-1273651"/><ref name="aachener-521959"/>
Lára àwọn tó sọ̀rọ̀ níbi ìpàdé náà ni [[Cyril Dion]] (France), Karen Raymond (India), Tetet Nera-Lauron (Philippines), Jesse (Netherlands), Milan Schwarze àti Sina Chom (Ende Gelände), àti àwọn ajàkàlẹ̀ láti [[Hambach Forest]], [[Pacific Climate Warriors]], {{lang|de|Alle Dörfer bleiben!}} (“Gbogbo Àwọn Abúlé Yóò Wà”) àti All In for Climate Action.
Àwọn olórin tó ṣe eré níbi ìpàdé náà ni Brass Riot, [[Culcha Candela]], [[Bodo Wartke]], [[Moop Mama]], [[Ruslana|Ruslana Lyzhychko]], KingzCorner, Leo Holldack àti [[Davide Martello]]. Àwọn olókìkí bí [[Rezo]] àti [[Anton Hofreiter]] tún wà lára àwọn olùfarahàn.
Ní àkókò kan náà, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ajàkàlẹ̀ [[Ende Gelände 2019]] bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìfarahàn ní ibi ìwakùsà lignite tó wà nítòsí, [[Garzweiler II]], níbi tí wọ́n ti dènà ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ohun èlò iṣẹ́ ìwakùsà fún gbogbo òpin ọ̀sẹ̀.<ref name="Gerich_2019"/><ref name="Leipziger_2019_1"/><ref name="Leipziger_2019_2"/>
Fridays for Future Deutschland ti ṣàfihàn àtìlẹ́yìn rẹ̀ fún ìgbésẹ̀ náà, wọ́n sì sọ pé ní àwọn àkókò pàtàkì bẹ́ẹ̀, [[civil disobedience]] (àìgbọ́ràn sí òfin ní ọ̀nà aláfiyà) lè jẹ́ ọ̀nà tó bófin mu láti dáàbò bo ọjọ́ ọ̀la. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, wọ́n tún ṣètò ìfarahàn mìíràn ní ọjọ́ 22 Oṣù Kẹfà 2019 ní [[Hochneukirch]]/[[Jüchen]], wọ́n sì tẹnumọ́ pé Fridays for Future yóò máa ṣiṣẹ́ lábẹ́ òfin.<ref name="Barknanger_2019"/><ref name="faz-16247808"/><ref name="tagessch-103"/>
Ní ọjọ́ 19 Oṣù Kẹfà 2019, díẹ̀ ṣáájú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyí, ìjọba ìlú Aachen tẹ̀lé àpẹẹrẹ àwọn ìlú Germany míì nípa kéde “[["climate emergency declaration|ìpè pajawiri ojú-ọjọ́]]”.<ref name="Aachen_Climate_Emergency"/>
=== {{anchor|20190805}}Àpéjọ Àgbáyé ní Lausanne, 5–9 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2019 ===
Láti ọjọ́ 5 sí ọjọ́ 9 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2019, [[University of Lausanne]] gbàlejò àwọn ọdọ Europe 450 láti inú ìgbésẹ̀ ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ fún àpéjọ kan tí wọ́n pè ní “SMILE for Future” (“Summer Meeting in [[Lausanne]] Europe”).<ref>[https://smileforfuture.eu Official website of the "SMILE for Future" meeting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229150845/https://smileforfuture.eu/ |date=2020-02-29 }}</ref><ref name="SwissinfoSMILE">{{Cite news |title='SMILE for Future': Lausanne environment activists call for action on global warming |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/summit-declaration_environment-activists-call-for-action-on-global-warming/45150342 |work=[[Swissinfo]] |date=9 August 2019 |access-date=10 August 2019 |language=en |archive-date=2020-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229162744/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/summit-declaration_environment-activists-call-for-action-on-global-warming/45150342 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ 9 Oṣù Kẹjọ 2019, àpéjọ náà parí pẹ̀lú ìfarahàn kan àti ìtẹ̀jáde ìwé tí wọ́n pè ní ''Lausanne Climate Declaration''. Ìwé náà ṣàlàyé àwọn ìlànà, àwọn iye, àwọn ibi-afẹ́de àti àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ tí àwọn olukopa nínú àpéjọ Lausanne gbà gbọ́ pé ó yẹ kí ayé gbé láti koju ìṣòro ìyípadà ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lausanne Climate Declaration |url=https://covcan.uk/lausanne-climate-declaration/ |website=Coventry Climate Action Network |date=29 August 2019 |access-date=2020-07-05 |archive-date=2020-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705200631/https://covcan.uk/lausanne-climate-declaration/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SwissinfoSMILE"/>
=== Global Week of Climate Action on 20–27 September 2019 ===
{{Main|September 2019 climate strikes}}
[[File:20–27 September Climate strikes attendee numbers.svg|thumb|Àwọn nọ́mbà àwọn olùkópa nínú ìfarahàn láti ọjọ́ 20 sí 27 Oṣù Kẹsán 2019, gẹ́gẹ́ bí orílẹ̀-èdè:
{{legend|#22280B|1,000,000+}}
{{legend|#445016|100,000+}}
{{legend|#677821|10,000+}}
{{legend|#89A02C|1,000+}}
{{legend|#ABC837|100+}}
{{legend|#BCD35F|Àwọn ìfarahàn kékeré, iye ènìyàn kò ṣe kedere}}|304px]]
Ọ̀sẹ̀ Àgbáyé fún Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ ní Oṣù Kẹsán jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ìfarahàn àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó wáyé láti ọjọ́ 20 sí ọjọ́ 27 Oṣù Kẹsán 2019. Ìfojúsùn pàtàkì rẹ̀ wà lórí ọjọ́ Ẹtì méjì náà, ọjọ́ 20 àti ọjọ́ 27 Oṣù Kẹsán.
A ṣètò àwọn ìfarahàn wọ̀nyí lákòókò tó sún mọ́ [[2019 UN Climate Action Summit|Apejọ Ìgbésẹ̀ Ojú-ọjọ́ ti Àjọ Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè]] tó wáyé ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Kẹsán.<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a28985212/global-climate-strike-details-dates/ |title=The World Is Burning, and Teens Are Fighting: What to Know About the Global Climate Strike |author-last=Feller |author-first=Madison |date=17 September 2019 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]] |language=en-US |access-date=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920132926/https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a28985212/global-climate-strike-details-dates/ |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Wọ́n gbero àwọn ìfarahàn náà ní àwọn ibi tó ju 4,500 lọ káàkiri àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè 150.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/20/climate-strikes-us-students-greta-thunberg |title=US to stage its largest ever climate strike: 'Somebody must sound the alarm' |work=[[The Guardian]] |author-last=Milman |author-first=Oliver |date=20 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920060536/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/20/climate-strikes-us-students-greta-thunberg |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-019-02711-4/index.html |title=The hard truths of climate change—by the numbers |work=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |author-last=Tollefson |author-first=Jeff |date=18 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919123135/https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-019-02711-4/index.html |archive-date=19 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn olùṣètò ṣe sọ, ó ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin ènìyàn lọ tó kópa nínú ìfarahàn ọjọ́ 20 Oṣù Kẹsán káàkiri ayé.<ref name="Vox 350">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |title=How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate. |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |author-last1=Barclay |author-first1=Eliza |author-last2=Resnick |author-first2=Brian |date=20 September 2019 |access-date=2019-09-23 |archive-date=2019-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921012020/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |url-status=live }}</ref>
Nínú wọn ni mílíọ̀nù 1.4 ènìyàn ní Germany àti àwọn olùfarahàn tó tó {{formatnum:300000}} ní Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdf.de/uri/2e409846-e515-4055-a7df-140ca15c9f24 |title=Rekordzahlen bei Klimademos: In Deutschland demonstrieren 1,4 Millionen Menschen |website=www.zdf.de |language=de |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-date=2020-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325130727/https://www.zdf.de/uri/2e409846-e515-4055-a7df-140ca15c9f24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-20/school-strike-for-climate-draws-thousands-to-australian-rallies/11531612 |title='It's our future': Climate strike draws 'hundreds of thousands' to rallies across Australia demanding action |date=20 September 2019 |website=ABC News |language=en-AU |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920084250/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-20/school-strike-for-climate-draws-thousands-to-australian-rallies/11531612 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ 27 Oṣù Kẹsán, a fojú díwọ̀n pé ó tó mílíọ̀nù méjì ènìyàn ló tún kópa nínú àwọn ìfarahàn káàkiri ayé. Èyí pẹ̀lú ju mílíọ̀nù kan lọ ní Italy àti ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn ní [[Canada]].<ref name="Guardian 6 million"/><ref name="BBC Canada">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-49856860|title=Hundreds of thousands join Canada climate strikes|publisher=[[BBC]]|last=Murphy|first=Jessica|date=27 September 2019|access-date=28 September 2019|archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017043823/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-49856860|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== {{anchor|20191129}}Ìfarahàn Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé Kẹrin ní Ọjọ́ 29 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019 ===
Ní ọjọ́ 29 Oṣù Kọkànlá 2019, ọjọ́ mẹ́ta ṣáájú ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ [[COP25|Apejọ Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ ti Àjọ Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-Èdè (COP25)]] ní Madrid, àwọn ìfarahàn wáyé ní àwọn ìlú 2,400 káàkiri àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè 157.
Ìdí pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni láti ṣàtakò sí àìṣe tó péye láti ọwọ́ àwọn ìjọba ayé nípa ìṣòro pajawiri ojú-ọjọ́.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/climate-change-protests-marches-worldwide-ahead-of-un-talks/a-51460018|title=Climate change protests: Marches worldwide ahead of UN talks|date=29 November 2019|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en-GB|access-date=29 November 2019|archive-date=2019-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225041052/https://www.dw.com/en/climate-change-protests-marches-worldwide-ahead-of-un-talks/a-51460018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/29/hundreds-of-thousands-of-students-join-global-climate-strikes|title=Hundreds of thousands of students join global climate strikes|last1=Taylor|first1=Matthew|date=29 November 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 November 2019|last2=Pidd|first2=Helen|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Murray|first3=Jessica|archive-date=2020-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324040040/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/29/hundreds-of-thousands-of-students-join-global-climate-strikes|url-status=live}}</ref>
Àwọn olùṣètò sọ pé ó tó mílíọ̀nù méjì ènìyàn ló kópa nínú ìfarahàn náà.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carlisle |first1=Madeleine |title=Millions Around The World Strike on Black Friday for Action on Climate Change |url=https://time.com/5741593/black-friday-climate-strike/ |access-date=3 December 2019 |agency=Times |date=29 November 2019 |archive-date=2019-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212102125/https://time.com/5741593/black-friday-climate-strike/ |url-status=live |archivedate=2019-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212102125/https://time.com/5741593/black-friday-climate-strike/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
Nínú iye yìí, ó tó {{formatnum:630000}} ènìyàn ló kópa ní Germany nìkan.<ref name="zeit-2019-11-29">{{cite news |title=Hunderttausende demonstrieren für das Klima |language=de |date=29 November 2019 |work=[[Zeit Online]] |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-11/fridays-for-future-klimaprotest-demonstrationen-klimaschutz |access-date=30 November 2019 |archive-date=2019-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208062834/https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-11/fridays-for-future-klimaprotest-demonstrationen-klimaschutz |url-status=live |last1=Luther |first1=Carsten }}</ref>
Ní ọ̀sẹ̀ kan lẹ́yìn náà, ìfarahàn pàtàkì jù lọ tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú COP25 wáyé ní Madrid. A fojú díwọ̀n pé ó tó ààbọ̀ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn (500,000) ló kópa nínú rẹ̀.
Àwọn ajàkálẹ̀ àti ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Fridays for Future láti gbogbo agbègbè ayé tún wà lára àwọn olùkópa nínú ìfarahàn ńlá yìí.<ref>{{cite news |title=COP25: Thousands gather for change climate protests in Madrid |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-50694361 |agency=BBC |date=6 December 2019}}</ref>
== Later Events, 2020s ==
=== Global Climate Strike on 25 September 2020 ===
Ní ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹsán 2020, ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé kan wáyé. A ṣètò àwọn ìfarahàn náà ní ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ibi káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=Fridays for Future: Climate strikers are back on the streets|url=https://www.dw.com/en/climate-change-environment-greta-thunberg-merkel-global-strike-climate-action-luisa-neubauer/a-54618006|access-date=2020-09-25|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|archive-date=2020-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925202857/https://www.dw.com/en/climate-change-environment-greta-thunberg-merkel-global-strike-climate-action-luisa-neubauer/a-54618006|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global #ClimateStrikeOnline – Art, Training & Actions for climate strikers|url=https://globalclimatestrike.net/|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Global Climate Strike|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029075449/https://globalclimatestrike.net/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=2020-09-25 |title=Young people resume global climate strikes calling for urgent action |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/25/young-people-resume-global-climate-strikes-calling-urgent-action-greta-thunberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925132602/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/25/young-people-resume-global-climate-strikes-calling-urgent-action-greta-thunberg |archive-date=2020-09-25 |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
=== Global Climate Strike on 19 March 2021 ===
Ní ọjọ́ Ẹtì, ọjọ́ 19 Oṣù Kẹta 2021, ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé míràn tún wáyé ní ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ibi káàkiri ayé. Nítorí àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19 tí ó ṣì ń bá ayé jà ní àsìkò náà, iye àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n péjọ ní ojúkan kò pọ̀ tó bíi ti àwọn ọdún ṣáájú rẹ̀.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/belgium-all-news/160781/fridays-for-future-youth-for-climate-anuna-de-wever-greta-thunberg-young-climate-activists-to-protest-in-brussels-today/|title=Young climate activists protest in Belgium and around the world today|date=19 March 2021|website=The Brussels Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/fridays-for-future-protests-global-climate-crisis-coronavirus/|title=Protests aim to put climate (not COVID) top of global agenda|date=18 March 2021|website=POLITICO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-fridays-for-future-fff-covid-19-pandemic-climate-strike/a-56911641|title=Has COVID changed Fridays for Future?|date=19 March 2021|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>
=== Ìtúká Ẹ̀ka Auckland ní Oṣù Kẹfà 2021 ===
Ní ọjọ́ 15 Oṣù Kẹfà 2021, ẹ̀ka [[Auckland]] ti ìgbésẹ̀ School Strike 4 Climate ní New Zealand kéde pé wọ́n ti tú ẹgbẹ́ náà ká. Wọ́n sọ pé ìdí ni pé ẹgbẹ́ náà ti hùwà ẹlẹ́yamẹyà sí àwọn BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Colour).
Ẹgbẹ́ náà sọ pé wọn kò ní tún ṣètò àwọn ìfarahàn mọ́, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀ wọn yóò ṣiṣẹ́ láti gbé àwọn àyè ìdájọ́ ojú-ọjọ́ tí àwọn BIPOC ń darí ga.
Ìpinnu yìí fa oríṣìíríṣìí ìdáhùn. Mary Moeono-Kolio, olùdarí 350 Pacific Climate Warriors ní Wellington, àti Sophie Hanford, olùdásílẹ̀ School Strike àti olùdarí rẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, sọ pé kò sí àyè fún ẹlẹ́yamẹyà nínú ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́, wọ́n sì pe fún aṣáájú àwọn ọmọ abinibi nínú ìjà fún ìdájọ́ ojú-ọjọ́.
Anevili, agbẹnusọ ẹgbẹ́ ọdọ́ Te Ara Whatu, fi ìpinnu náà ṣàfọwọ́sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà kan láti koju ẹlẹ́yamẹyà, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ṣàníyàn pé àwọn ajàkálẹ̀ tó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ènìyàn aláwọ̀ lè jẹ́ ẹni tí a ó dá lẹ́bi fún ìtúká ẹgbẹ́ Auckland náà.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McKenzie |first1=Pete |title=Auckland chapter of New Zealand's School Strike 4 Climate group admits racism and disbands |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/15/auckland-chapter-of-new-zealands-school-strike-4-climate-group-admits-racism-and-disbands |access-date=26 June 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=15 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cardwell |first1=Hamish |title=School Strike 4 Climate Auckland declares itself racist and disbands |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300333311/school-strike-4-climate-auckland-declares-itself-racist-and-disbands |access-date=26 June 2021 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=15 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618131058/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300333311/school-strike-4-climate-auckland-declares-itself-racist-and-disbands |archive-date=18 June 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Global Climate Strike on 24 September 2021 ===
[[File:20210924 xl 115634827.MP PXL-Global-Climate-Strike-in-Berlin-on-24-September-2021.jpg|thumb|Ìfarahàn Ojú-ọjọ́ Àgbáyé ní Berlin ní ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Kẹsán 2021]]
Ní ọjọ́ 24 Oṣù Kẹsán 2021, a ṣètò àwọn ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ ní àwọn ibi tó ju 1,400 lọ káàkiri ayé.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Young global climate strikers vow change is coming – from the streets |last=Carrington |first=Damian |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 September 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/24/young-global-climate-strikers-vow-change-is-coming-from-the-streets}}</ref>
Àwọn ìfarahàn náà wáyé ní orílẹ̀-èdè tó ju 90 lọ, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìpéjọ ńlá ní Europe, America àti Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Don't trash our future,' young activists tell world leaders during climate strike |last=Navlakha |first=Meera |work=Mashable |date=24 September 2021 |url= https://mashable.com/article/fridaysforfuture-climate-protests}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Global climate strike: thousands join coordinated action across world |last=Taylor |first=Matthew |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 September 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/24/people-in-99-countries-take-part-in-global-climate-strike}}</ref>
Diẹ̀ lára àwọn ìfarahàn tó tóbi jù lọ wáyé ní Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-fridays-for-future-protesters-rally-with-greta-thunberg-in-berlin/a-59292486|title=Germany: Fridays for Future protesters rally with Greta Thunberg in Berlin|date=24 September 2021|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>
Greta Thunberg bá àwọn ènìyàn tó ju 100,000 lọ sọ̀rọ̀ ní Berlin, ó sì sọ pé, “Kò sí ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú kankan tó ń ṣe tó fún ìjà lòdì sí ìṣòro ojú-ọjọ́.”<ref>{{Cite news |title=Climate protests led by youths spread across the world: Live Updates |last1=Dewan |first1=Angela |last2=Sangal |first2=Aditi |last3=Jani-Friend |first3=Isabelle |last4=Mahtani |first4=Melissa |last5=Wagner |first5=Meg |website=CNN |date=24 September 2021 |url= https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/live-updates-climate-protests-unga-intl/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2021-09-24|title=Global climate strike: thousands join coordinated action across world|language=en|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/24/people-in-99-countries-take-part-in-global-climate-strike|access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref>
=== Global Climate Strike on 25 March 2022 ===
Ní ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta 2022, ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé míràn tún wáyé.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christofaro |first=Beatrice |date=2022-03-25 |title=How Fridays for Future keeps the climate relevant as other crises rage |url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-fridays-for-future-keeps-the-climate-relevant-as-other-crises-rage/a-61232469 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-25 |title=Youth take to the streets in Fridays for Future climate protests |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/youth-take-to-the-streets-in-fridays-for-idUSRTXLGGYY |access-date=2022-04-15}}</ref>
=== Global Climate Strike on 23 September 2022 ===
Ní ọjọ́ 23 Oṣù Kẹsán 2022, ìfarahàn ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé tún wáyé.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-23 |title=Youth activists stage a coordinated 'global climate strike' |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/09/23/in-pictures-activists-stage-global-climate-strike-demanding-aid-for-countries-hit-by-wild- |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref>
Ó ju ènìyàn 30,000 lọ tí wọ́n kópa nínú ìfarahàn náà ní Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-23 |title=Fridays for Future zieht durchs Regierungsviertel: Mehr als 30.000 Menschen beteiligen sich an Klimaprotest in Berlin |language=de-DE |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/fridays-for-future-zieht-durchs-regierungsviertel-mehr-als-30000-menschen-beteiligen-sich-an-klimaprotest-in-berlin-8674819.html |access-date=2022-09-23 }}</ref>
[[File:FFF Berlin 23.jpg|thumb|Ìfarahàn Fridays for Future ní Berlin, 2023]]
|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/klimaschutz-schueler-in-ueber-100-staaten-demonstrieren-16090936.html |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190316122341/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/fridays-for-future-schueler-in-ueber-100-staaten-demonstrieren-16090936.html |archive-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> Àlàyé náà ni àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́-gíga tó ju {{formatnum:26000}} lọ tí wọ́n ń sọ èdè Jámánì fọwọ́ sí.<ref name="Hagedorn_2019b"/>
Ní ọjọ́ 14 Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2019, [[Club of Rome]] ṣe àgbéjáde ìkéde osìṣẹ́ kan ní gbangba láti fi atilẹyin hàn fún Thunberg àti àwọn ìfarahàn ìdásílẹ̀ wọ̀nyí. Wọ́n bẹ àwọn ìjọba káàkiri ayé pé kí wọ́n gbọ́ ìpè ìṣe yìí, kí wọ́n sì dín ìtújáde erogba (carbon emissions) kárí ayé kù.<ref name="CoR_2019_Statement"/>
Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 2019, lẹ́tà kan tó ní àkọlé "Àwọn ìbànújẹ àwọn ọdọ́ olùfarahàn jẹ́ tòótọ́" ni wọ́n tẹ̀ jáde nínú ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''. Nínú lẹ́tà náà, wọ́n sọ pé àwọn ìbànújẹ tí àwọn ọdọ́ tó ń kópa nínú ìfarahàn oju-ọjọ́ ń fi hàn jẹ́ “ẹ̀tọ́” àti pé ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó dára jù lọ tí a ní lónìí ń ṣe atilẹyin fún wọn. Àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó ju {{formatnum:3000}} lọ lágbàáyé ni wọ́n fọwọ́ sí lẹ́tà náà.<ref name="Hagedorn_2019a"/>
Ní Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2019, àwọn akọ́ṣẹ́mọṣẹ́ ilera tó tó {{formatnum:1000}} ní United Kingdom àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè míì, pẹ̀lú àwọn ọjọ́gbọ́n yunifásítì, àwọn aṣáájú ìlera gbogbo ènìyàn tó gbajúgbajà, àti àwọn ààrẹ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí ti àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ọba, pe fún ìfarahàn àlàáfíà tí kò ní ìwà ipá gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìdáhùn sí àwọn ètò ìjọba tí wọ́n pè ní “àìpé gidigidi” lórí ìpẹ̀yà ayika tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀. Wọ́n rọ àwọn olóṣèlú àti ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn pé kí wọ́n dojú kọ òtítọ́ nípa ìṣòro ayika tó ń gbooro síi, kí wọ́n sì gbé ìgbésẹ̀ tó yẹ. Wọ́n tún fi atilẹyin wọn hàn fún ìgbìmọ̀ ìdásílẹ̀ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹgbẹ́ Extinction Rebellion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/27/doctors-call-for-nonviolent-direct-action-over-climate-crisis |title=Doctors call for nonviolent direct action over climate crisis |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Matthew Taylor |date=27 June 2019 |access-date=2019-06-27 |archive-date=2019-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627110758/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/27/doctors-call-for-nonviolent-direct-action-over-climate-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ẹgbẹ́ Elders Climate Action ti ṣe àwọn T-shirt tí àwòrán ọwọ́ bàbá tàbí ìyá àgbà kan tí ó dì mọ́ ọwọ́ ọmọ kékeré kan wà lórí wọn. Ète wọn ni láti kó àwọn bàbá àgbà, àwọn ìyá àgbà, àwọn àbúrò bàbá àgbà àti àwọn àbúrò ìyá àgbà jọ, kí wọ́n lè ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ láti dáàbò bo ọjọ́ ọ̀la àti àlàáfíà àwọn ọmọ àti àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ wọn kí ó tó pẹ́ jù.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldersclimateaction.org/aboutus/|title=About Us|website=Elders Climate Action|language=en-US|access-date=8 December 2019|archive-date=2019-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208222023/https://www.eldersclimateaction.org/aboutus/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ní fífi hàn pé àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tuntun tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àyíká ń pọ̀ sí i nínú èdè, “climate strike” (ìdásílẹ̀ fún oju-ọjọ́) ni [[Collins English Dictionary|Collins Dictionary]] yan gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀rọ̀ ọdún fún ọdún 2019.<ref name=Guardian_20101106/> Àwọn amòye èdè ní Collins ṣàkíyèsí pé lílo ọ̀rọ̀ náà pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n ọgọ́rùn-ún ìgbà ní ọdún 2019, èyí tó ga jù lọ lára gbogbo àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ tó wà lórí àkójọ wọn.<ref name=Guardian_20101106>{{cite news |last1=Hanson |first1=Johanne Elster |title='Climate strike' named 2019 word of the year by Collins Dictionary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/07/climate-strike-named-2019-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary |work=The Guardian |date=6 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116214118/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/07/climate-strike-named-2019-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary |archive-date=16 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Ìdènà Ìròyìn àti Aláàyè Ọ̀rọ̀ (Censorship) ==
=== India ===
Ní Oṣù Keje ọdún 2020, ìjọba India dá ìwọlé sí ojú opo wẹẹbù ẹgbẹ́ Fridays for Future ní India dúró. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ wọ̀nyí ló ń darí ìpolongo kan lòdì sí ìwé àbá tuntun EIA Draft tí ìjọba dabaa, èyí tí ó fa àríyànjiyàn púpọ̀.<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Websites Leading The Movement Against India's Controversial New Proposal Are Blocked |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/environmental-websites-leading-the-movement-against-indias-controversial-eia-notification-2020-are-blocked/ |website=Vice |date=14 July 2020 |access-date=15 July 2020 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715200912/https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/v7gzxb/environmental-websites-leading-the-movement-against-indias-controversial-eia-notification-2020-are-blocked |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Àwọn Ẹ̀bùn àti Ìyìn ==
Ní ọjọ́ 7 Oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2019, Fridays for Future àti Greta Thunberg gba ẹ̀bùn olókìkí [[Amnesty International]] tí wọ́n ń pè ní [[Ambassador of Conscience Award]]. Akọ̀wé Àgbà [[Kumi Naidoo]] sọ pé:
<blockquote>
“A ní ìrẹ̀lẹ̀ àti ìmísí nítorí ìfaradà àti ìpinnu tí àwọn ọdọ́ alátakò lágbàáyé fi ń pe gbogbo wa láti dojú kọ òtítọ́ ìṣòro oju-ọjọ́ tó ń dojú kọ ayé. Gbogbo ọdọ́ tó ń kópa nínú Fridays for Future ń fi hàn pé kí ni ìtumọ̀ gidi ti ṣíṣe ohun tó tọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀rí ọkàn ẹni. Wọ́n ń rántí wa pé agbára wa pọ̀ ju bí a ṣe rò lọ, àti pé gbogbo wa ní ipa láti kó nínú ààbò ẹ̀tọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn lòdì sí àjálù oju-ọjọ́.”
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/climate-activists-greta-thunberg-and-the-fridays-for-future-movement-honored-with-top-amnesty-international-award/|title=Climate activists Greta Thunberg and the Fridays for Future movement honored with top Amnesty International award|website=Amnesty International USA|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-07|archive-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607182726/https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/climate-activists-greta-thunberg-and-the-fridays-for-future-movement-honored-with-top-amnesty-international-award/|url-status=live}}</ref>
</blockquote>
== Wo Bákan Náà ==
{{Portal|Climate change|Environment|Global warming|Politics|Society}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Climate justice]]
* [[Earth Strike]]
* [[Individual action on climate change]]
* [[List of school climate strikes]]
* [[Youth activism]]
{{div col end}}
== Àwọn Àlàyé Àfikún ==
{{Reflist|group="nb"|refs=
<ref group="nb" name="NB_Hambach-Forest">
Yàtọ̀ sí ìfarahàn "{{lang|de|[[Wald retten – Kohle stoppen!]]}}" (ní Gẹ̀ẹ́sì: “Gbà Igbo Là – Dá Edu Dúró!”) tí ó wáyé ní ọjọ́ 6 Oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 2018 ní [[Hambach Forest]], tí ó kó tó {{formatnum:50000}} ènìyàn jọ. Ṣùgbọ́n ìfarahàn náà dojukọ púpọ̀ sí dídá iṣẹ́ ìwakùsà edu lignite dúró àti ìgbàlà igbó náà ju ìdènà ìyípadà oju-ọjọ́ ní gbogbogbò lọ.
</ref>
}}
== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Rippstein">{{Cite news |author-first=Julia |author-last=Rippstein |url=https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/suisse-lheure-lurgence-climatique-sonne |title=En Suisse, l'heure de l'urgence climatique a sonné |date=18 January 2019 |newspaper=[[Le Temps]] |language=fr |quote=Ce mouvement d'ampleur nationale a vu 22 000 gymnasiens, apprentis et étudiants crier à l'urgence climatique dans les rues de Lausanne, Fribourg ou Saint-Gall au lieu d'aller en classe. [This nationwide movement saw {{formatnum:22000}} high-schoolers, apprentices and students shouting at the climatic emergency in the streets of Lausanne, Fribourg or St. Gallen instead of going to class.] |access-date=2019-01-18 |archive-date=2019-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417183117/https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/suisse-lheure-lurgence-climatique-sonne |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="RTS-ATS">{{Cite news |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/10148834-des-milliers-d-etudiants-suisses-se-mobilisent-contre-l-inaction-climatique.html |title=Les jeunes se sont mobilisés pour le climat un peu partout en Suisse |date=18 January 2019 |publisher=[[Radio Télévision Suisse]] |language=fr |quote=En tout, une quinzaine de villes participent à cette action. [In all, about fifteen cities participate in this action.] |access-date=2019-01-18 |archive-date=2019-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118191458/https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/10148834-des-milliers-d-etudiants-suisses-se-mobilisent-contre-l-inaction-climatique.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Hendrischke">{{Cite news |author-first=Maria |author-last=Hendrischke |url=https://www.mdr.de/sachsen-anhalt/halle/halle/schueler-streiken-fuer-klimaschutz-fridays-for-future-100.html |title=Schüler streiken für Klimaschutz: "It's our fucking future" |trans-title=Pupils strike for climate protection |date=18 January 2019 |publisher=[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]] (MDR) |language=de |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218033313/https://www.mdr.de/sachsen-anhalt/halle/halle/schueler-streiken-fuer-klimaschutz-fridays-for-future-100.html |archive-date=18 February 2019 |quote=Am Freitag haben Kinder und Jugendliche in mehr als 50 Städten in ganz Deutschland protestiert. Etwa 25.000 junge Menschen sind nach Angaben von Fridays for Future bundesweit auf die Straßen gegangen. Halle war die einzige Stadt in Sachsen-Anhalt, die sich an der Demo beteiligt hat.}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC15Feb">{{Cite news |title=Schoolchildren go on strike over climate change |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47250424 |access-date=15 February 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=15 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215234342/https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/uk-47250424 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=":4">{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/|title=Students From 1,600 Cities Just Walked Out of School to Protest Climate Change. It Could Be Greta Thunberg's Biggest Strike Yet|last=Haynes|first=Suyin|date=24 May 2019|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=2019-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526085735/http://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="SPON-1273651">{{cite web |title=Klimaschutz-Protest in Aachen – Tausende Schüler bei erster internationaler 'Fridays for Future'-Demo – In Aachen ist die bisher größte zentrale Fridays-For-Future-Demonstration gestartet. Zehntausende Teilnehmer aus mehreren europäischen Ländern gingen auf die Straße. |language=de |author=jkl/dpa |work=[[Spiegel Online]] |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/schule/fridays-for-future-tausende-schueler-demonstrieren-in-aachen-fuer-klimaschutz-a-1273651.html |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621194207/https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/schule/fridays-for-future-tausende-schueler-demonstrieren-in-aachen-fuer-klimaschutz-a-1273651.html |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="aachener-521959">{{cite web |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/nrw-region/liveblog-zur-fridays-for-future-grossdemonstration-in-aachen-am-tivoli_aid-39521959 |language=de |title='Fridays for Future' in Aachen: Liveblog zur Großdemo am Tivoli |author-first1=Annika |author-last1=Kasties |author-first2=Sarah Lena |author-last2=Gombert |author-first3=Michael |author-last3=Grobusch |author-first4=Ines |author-last4=Kubat |author-first5=Kim |author-last5=Statzner |author-first6=Björn |author-last6=Hellmich |newspaper=[[Aachener Zeitung]] (AZ) |date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621194407/https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/nrw-region/liveblog-zur-fridays-for-future-grossdemonstration-in-aachen-am-tivoli_aid-39521959 |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="faz-16247808">{{cite news |author-first=Sarah |author-last=Obertreis |title=Der lange Zug von Aachen |language=de |trans-title=The long train of Aachen |newspaper=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.faz.net/1.6247808 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621224322/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/fridays-for-future-der-lange-zug-von-aachen-16247808.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |quote="Wir erachten zivilen Ungehorsam als legitime Protestform. Er ist zwingend notwendig zum Schutz unserer Zukunft." [...] "Fridays for Future wird auf der legalen Seite bleiben."}}</ref>
<ref name="tagessch-103">{{cite web |title='Fridays for Future': Internationaler Klimastreik in Aachen – 'Oma, was ist ein Schneemann?' |language=de |work=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|Tagesschau]] |publisher=[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190621174631/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="tagesschau_AC">{{cite web |title=Aachen: Fridays for Future-Protest – Reportage und Interviews |editor-first=Isabel |editor-last=Schayani |editor-link=:de:Isabel Schayani |work=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|Tagesschau]] |publisher=[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] |language=de |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ErZBTLHDus |access-date=21 June 2019 |archive-date=2021-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216180919/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ErZBTLHDus |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Aachen_Climate_Emergency">{{cite web |title="Klimanotstand" – Aachen folgt weiteren deutschen Städten |language=de |date=19 June 2019 |work=[[Deutschlandfunk]] |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/klimanotstand-aachen-folgt-weiteren-deutschen-staedten.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1019262 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622003846/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/klimanotstand-aachen-folgt-weiteren-deutschen-staedten.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1019262 |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Zeit_20190621">{{cite web |title=Sie meinen es ernst |language=de |work=[[Zeit Online]] |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3?uhttps://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731075917/https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3?uhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fgesellschaft%2F2019-06%2Ffridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3 |archive-date=2020-07-31 }}</ref>
<ref name="DLF_2019">{{cite web |title='Fridays for Future' Zehntausende demonstrieren in Aachen für mehr Klimaschutz |language=de |publisher=[[Deutschlandfunk]] |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-zehntausende-demonstrieren-in-aachen.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1019749 |access-date=22 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622171541/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-zehntausende-demonstrieren-in-aachen.1939.de.html%3Fdrn:news_id%3D1019749 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Barknanger_2019">{{cite web |title='Fridays For Future' sammelt sich zum Protest am Tagebau |language=de |author=dpa |location=Jüchen |work=Barknanger Kreiszeitung |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.bkz.de/nachrichten/fridays-for-future-sammelt-sich-zum-protest-am-tagebau-28394.html |access-date=22 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622171542/https://www.bkz.de/nachrichten/fridays-for-future-sammelt-sich-zum-protest-am-tagebau-28394.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Gerich_2019">{{cite web |title="Ende Gelände" besetzt Tagebau Garzweiler – Polizisten bei Sturm verletzt – Bei den Demos im Rheinischen Revier haben Aktivisten von "Ende Gelände" den Tagebau gestürmt. Mindestens zwei Polizisten wurden wohl verletzt. |language=de |author-first1=Simon |author-last1=Gerich |author-first2=Lucas |author-last2=Bayer |author-first3=Holger |author-last3=Dumke |author-first4=Marc |author-last4=Wolko |newspaper=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/politik/article226242653/Aktivisten-von-Ende-Gelaende-besetzen-Tagebau-Garzweiler-Polizisten-bei-Sturm-verletzt.html |access-date=22 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622171540/https://www.morgenpost.de/politik/article226242653/Aktivisten-von-Ende-Gelaende-besetzen-Tagebau-Garzweiler-Polizisten-bei-Sturm-verletzt.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_1">{{cite web |title=Ende Gelände legt Rheinisches Revier still – Tagebau Garzweiler blockiert, Hambach Bahn sowie Nord-Süd Bahn besetzt |language=de |work=Leipziger Internet Zeitung |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622232807/https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_2">{{cite web |title=Kohlebahn seit 15 Stunden blockiert: 6.000 Aktivist*innen in Aktion |language=de |work=Leipziger Internet Zeitung |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190622232715/https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="DW_2019">{{cite web |title=Germany: Aachen hosts 'Fridays for Future' climate rally |date=22 June 2019 |work=DW – Made for Minds |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-aachen-hosts-fridays-for-future-climate-rally/a-49291173 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622170102/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-aachen-hosts-fridays-for-future-climate-rally/a-49291173 |archive-date=2019-06-22 }} [https://p.dw.com/p/3Kosv]</ref>
<ref name="Bierwisch_2019">{{cite web |title=Fridays for Future – Aachen 21 Juni 2019 |author-first=Ulrich |author-last=Bierwisch |website=[[YouTube]] |date=21 June 2019 |location=Aachen, Germany |type=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuKbwMzAiK0 |access-date=25 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710073831/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuKbwMzAiK0&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }} [45:35 min]</ref>
<ref name="Pilger_2019">{{cite web |title=Fridays for Future Demo Aachen 21.6.19 |author=Der Pilger |website=[[YouTube]] |language=de |date=21 June 2019 |location=Aachen, Germany |type=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkxJSo-chVM |access-date=29 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922065750/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkxJSo-chVM |url-status=live }} [2:39:25 min]</ref>
<ref name="Ballig_2019">{{cite web |title=Fridays For Future in AACHEN – FFF Klimastreik 21.06.2019 Fridaysforfuture |language=de |work=Ukulele Einhorn |date=21 June 2019 |author-first=Matthias |author-last=Balling |location=Aachen, Germany |type=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqkHR_Uub2w |access-date=29 June 2019}} [29:37 min]</ref>
<ref name="Kingz_2019">{{cite web |title=KingzCorner News |date=25 June 2019 |publisher=KingzCorner e.V. |location=Aachen, Germany |url=https://aachenevents.com/location/location.php?id=56 |access-date=29 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629173809/https://aachenevents.com/location/location.php%3Fid%3D56 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Hagedorn_2019b">{{cite journal |author-last1=Hagedorn |author-first1=Gregor |author-last2=Loew |author-first2=Thomas |author-last3=Seneviratne |author-first3=Sonia I. |author-link3=Sonia I. Seneviratne |author-last4=Lucht |author-first4=Wolfgang Peter |author-link4=:de:Wolfgang Peter Lucht |author-last5=Beck |author-first5=Marie-Luise<!-- not the same as: Marieluise Beck --> |author-last6=Hesse |author-first6=Janina |author-last7=Knutti |author-first7=Reto |author-link7=Reto Knutti |author-last8=Quaschning |author-first8=Volker |author-link8=Volker Quaschning |author-last9=Schleimer |author-first9=Jan-Hendrik |author-last10=Mattauch |author-first10=Linus |author-last11=Breyer |author-first11=Christian |author-last12=Hübener |author-first12=Heike |author-last13=Kirchengast |author-first13=Gottfried |author-last14=Chodura |author-first14=Alice |author-last15=Clausen |author-first15=Jens |author-last16=Creutzig |author-first16=Felix |author-link16=Felix Creutzig |author-last17=Darbi |author-first17=Marianne |author-last18=Daub |author-first18=Claus-Heinrich |author-link18=:de:Claus-Heinrich Daub |author-last19=Ekardt |author-first19=Felix |author-link19=:de:Felix Ekardt |author-last20=Göpel |author-first20=Maja |author-link20=:de:Maja Göpel |author-last21=Hardt |author-first21=Judith N. |author-last22=Hertin |author-first22=Julia |author-last23=Hickler |author-first23=Thomas |author-last24=Köhncke |author-first24=Arnulf |author-last25=Köster |author-first25=Stephan |author-last26=Krohmer |author-first26=Julia |author-last27=Kromp-Kolb |author-first27=Helga |author-link27=:de:Helga Kromp-Kolb |author-last28=Leinfelder |author-first28=Reinhold |author-link28=:de:Reinhold Leinfelder |author-last29=Mederake |author-first29=Linda |author-last30=Neuhaus |author-first30=Michael |author-last31=Rahmstorf |author-first31=Stefan |author-link31=Stefan Rahmstorf |author-last32=Schmidt |author-first32=Christine |author-last33=Schneider |author-first33=Christoph |author-last34=Schneider |author-first34=Gerhard |author-last35=Seppelt |author-first35=Ralf |author-link35=:de:Ralf Seppelt |author-last36=Spindler |author-first36=Uli |author-last37=Springmann |author-first37=Marco |author-last38=Staab |author-first38=Katharina |author-last39=Stocker |author-first39=Thomas F. |author-link39=Thomas F. Stocker |author-last40=Steininger |author-first40=Karl |author-last41=von Hirschhausen |author-first41=Eckart |author-link41=Eckart von Hirschhausen |author-last42=Winter |author-first42=Susanne |author-last43=Wittau |author-first43=Martin |author-last44=Zens |author-first44=Josef |title=The concerns of the young protesters are justified: A statement by ''Scientists for Future'' concerning the protests for more climate protection |journal=GAIA – Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society |publisher=[[:de:oekom verlag|oekom verlag]] |volume=28 |number=2 |date=2019 |pages=79–87 |doi=10.14512/gaia.28.2.3 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/350292 |hdl-access=free }} (9 pages)</ref>
<ref name="CoR_2019_Statement">{{cite web |title=Statement in support of global student climate protests |author-last1=Alao |author-first1=Sadikou Ayo |author-link1=:de:Sadikou Ayo Alao |author-last2=Alvarez-Pereira |author-first2=Carlos |author-last3=Andersen |author-first3=Lene Rachel |author-link3=Lene Rachel Andersen |author-last4=AtKisson |author-first4=Alan |author-last5=Bamela Engo-Tjega |author-first5=Ruth |author-last6=Bardi |author-first6=Ugo |author-link6=Ugo Bardi |author-last7=Bastioli |author-first7=Catia |author-link7=:it:Catia Bastioli |author-last8=Bateson |author-first8=Nora |author-last9=Benedikter |author-first9=Roland |author-link9=:de:Roland Benedikter |author-last10=Berg |author-first10=Christian |author-link10=:de:Christian Berg (Ingenieur) |author-last11=Bindé |author-first11=Jérôme |author-link11=:nl:Jérôme Bindé |author-last12=Björkman |author-first12=Tomas |author-link12=Tomas Björkman |author-last13=Blom |author-first13=Peter |author-link13=:nl:Peter Blom (bankdirecteur) |author-last14=Bologna |author-first14=Gianfranco |author-last15=Bozesan |author-first15=Mariana |author-last16=Brown |author-first16=Peter G. |author-last17=Chacón Domínguez |author-first17=Susana Catalina |author-link17=Susana Catalina Chacón Domínguez |author-last18=Cheng |author-first18=Yi-Heng |author-last19=Costanza |author-first19=Robert |author-link19=Robert Costanza |author-last20=de Leeuw |author-first20=Bas |author-link20=Bas de Leeuw |author-last21=Dixson-Declève |author-first21=Sandrine |author-last22=Dorsey |author-first22=Michael K. |author-link22=Michael K. Dorsey |author-last23=Dubee |author-first23=Frederick C. |author-last24=Dubrulle |author-first24=Mark |author-link24=Mark Dubrulle |author-last25=Dunlop |author-first25=Ian T. |author-last26=Fainé Casas |author-first26=Isidro |author-link26=:es:Isidre Fainé Casas |author-last27=Fullerton |author-first27=John B. |author-link27=John B. Fullerton |author-last28=Gasparini |author-first28=Alberto |author-link28=Alberto Gasparini |author-last29=Geier |author-first29=Joerg |author-last30=Georgescu |author-first30=Călin |author-link30=Călin Georgescu |author-last31=Gil-Valdivia |author-first31=Gerardo |author-last32=Giovannini |author-first32=Enrico |author-link32=Enrico Giovannini |author-last33=Girardet |author-first33=Herbert |author-link33=Herbert Girardet |author-last34=Göpel |author-first34=Maja |author-link34=:de:Maja Göpel |author-last35=Güvenen |author-first35=Orhan |author-link35=:tr:Orhan Güvenen |author-last36=Gurgulino de Souza |author-first36=Heitor |author-link36=:br:Heitor Gurgulino de Souza |author-last37=Halonen |author-first37=Tarja Kaarina |author-link37=Tarja Kaarina Halonen |author-last38=Hamilton |author-first38=Carolyn |author-link38=Carolyn Hamilton (historian) |author-last39=Hargroves |author-first39=Karlson "Charlie" |author-last40=Hayashi |author-first40=Yoshitsugu |author-last41=Heinonen |author-first41=Sirkka |author-last42=Hennicke |author-first42=Peter |author-link42=:de:Peter Hennicke |author-last43=Hernández Colón |author-first43=Rafael |author-link43=Rafael Hernández Colón |author-last44=Herren |author-first44=Hans Rudolf |author-link44=Hans Rudolf Herren |author-last45=Higgs |author-first45=Kerryn |author-last46=Hoffman |author-first46=Robert |author-last47=Hudson |author-first47=Cecil Ivan |author-last48=Hughes |author-first48=Barry B. |author-link48=Barry B. Hughes |date=14 March 2019 |publisher=[[Club of Rome]] |location=Winterthur, Switzerland |url=https://www.clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Statement-in-Support-of-Global-Student-Climate-Protests.pdf |access-date=18 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324131841/https://www.clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Statement-in-Support-of-Global-Student-Climat
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Ìdìbò Ààrẹ ọdún 1993
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{{Distinguish|1993 Nigerien presidential election}}
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=June 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Nigeria
| type = presidential
| previous_election = 1983 Nigerian presidential election
| previous_year = 1983
| next_election = 1999 Nigerian presidential election
| next_year = 1999
| election_date = 12 June 1993
| image1 =
| nominee1 = '''[[Moshood Abiola]]'''
| party1 = Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)
| running_mate1 = '''[[Baba Gana Kingibe]]'''
| popular_vote1 = '''8,341,309'''
| percentage1 = '''58.36%'''
| image2 = 3x4.svg
| nominee2 = [[Bashir Tofa]]
| party2 = [[National Republican Convention|NRC]]
| running_mate2 = [[Sylvester Ugoh]]
| colour2 = D82628
| popular_vote2 = 5,952,087
| percentage2 = 41.64%
| map_image = Map of the 1993 Nigerian presidential election.svg
| map_caption = States won by Abiola (green) and Tofa (red)
| title = President
| before_election = [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]]
| before_party =
| after_election = Election results annulled <br> {{small|([[Sani Abacha]] becomes head of state)}}
| after_party =
}}{{Politics of Nigeria}}
Ìdìbò sí ipò Ààrẹ orilẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1993 ni ó wáyé ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1993. Ìdìbò yí ni ó jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ irú rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba àwọn ológun tí ó sì ṣí ilẹ̀kùn fún ìṣèjọba àwa-ara-wa ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì lábẹ́ ìṣèjọba ọ̀gágun apàṣẹ-wàá
The annulment led Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ìjọba ológun wọ́gi lé ìdìbò náà pẹ̀lú àwíjàre wípé ètò ìdìbò náà ní kọ́nu-n-kọ́họ nínú. Àmọ́, àwọn elétò ìdìbò ti kéde olóyè [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ó jáwé olúborí nínú ètò ìdìbò náà tí alátakò rẹ̀ lábẹ́ ẹgbé ìṣèlú [[National Republican Convetion]] [[Bashir Tofa]] sì pàdánù.
Ìfọwọ́ rọ́bò yí dànù dá wahálà sílẹ̀ jákè-jádò orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó sì fi ìjọba fìdíhẹ sí orí àlééfà, èyí tí ó mú ìjọba ológun míràn tún gorí ìṣèjọb orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba tí kò mú ìtàjẹ̀sílẹ̀ dání ní inú oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1993. estaAàrẹ Sani Abacha fi ẹni tí ó jáwé olúborí nínú ètò ìdìbò ti ọdún 199 In 1987, the government established the National Electoral Commission (NEC) to oversee the electoral process. 3 ìyẹn Moshood Abiola sí ẹ̀wọ̀n lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ẹ̀sùn ìdìtẹ̀ mọ́ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà kàn án látarí wípé ó kéde ara rẹ̀ bíi Aàrẹ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí a ìdìbò yàn ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]].
==Bí ó ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ọdún 1983 ni àwọn ọmọ ogun orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà gbajọba lọ́wọ́ Aàrẹ adìbòyàn [[Shehu Shagaru]] látarí àṣẹ tí Shagari pa lórí ogun [[Chadian–Nigerian War]], èyí tí ọ̀gágun [[Ibrahim Babangida]] darí rẹ̀ po ẹ́lú atilehin [[owó]] láti ọ̀dọ̀ bọ̀rọ̀kìnní ilẹ̀ [[Ẹ̀gbá]] olóyè [[Moshood Abiola]]. Àwọn ológun fi adarí ogun [[Muahammadu Buhari]] tí òun náa ń léwájú nínú ogun Chad yí, sórí àpèrè àsẹ orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí Aàrẹ ológun.
Ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlọ́gbọ̀n osù kẹjọ ọdún 1985 ni Babangida lè Buhari kúrò lórí ipò tí pẹ̀lú ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Osita |first1=Agbu |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-582 |title=The Politics of Opposition in Contemporary Africa |publisher=Nordiska Afrikainstitutet |year=1998 |editor-last=Olukoshi |editor-first=Abedayo O. |chapter=Political Opposition and Democratic Transitions in Nigeria, 1985-1996}}</ref>Lẹ́yìn tí Babangida bọ́ sípò tán, ó dá [[Armed Forces Ruling Council (Nigeria)|Armed Forces Ruling Council]] sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí alábòójútó ìjọba ológun tí yóò rí sí ìdápadà ìjọba fún àwọn olóṣèlú àwa-ara-wa èyí tí wọ́n gbèrò wípé yóò wáyé ní oṣù kẹwá ọdún 1990.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Suberu|first1=Rotimi T.|date=1 May 1994|title=The Democratic Recession in Nigeria|journal=Current History|volume=93|issue=583|pages=213–218|doi=10.1525/curh.1994.93.583.213 |s2cid=140298521 }}</ref> Ìjọba Babangida dá ilé-isẹ́ elétò ìdìbò ti ''National Electoral Commission'' (NEC) sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1987 kí wọ́n lè rí sí ètò ìdìbò gbogbo-gbò náà. Babangida tún dà [[Nigerian Political Bureau of 1986]] kí wọ́n lè fún ìjọba àti aje elétò ìdìbò ní ìmọ̀rán tí ó péye lórí ìdìbò ọ̀hún.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Okoroji|first1=Joseph C.|date=November 1993|title=The Nigerian Presidential Elections|journal=Review of African Political Economy|volume=20|issue=58|pages=123–131|doi=10.1080/03056249308704029|jstor=4006115|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ajọ ''Nigerian Political Bureau'' gba ìjọba ní ìmọ̀ràn wípé yóò da kí wọ́n dà ẹgbé ìṣèlú láàyè kí ẹlẹ́yà-mẹ̀yà àti ẹlẹ́sìn-ò-jẹ̀sìn ó lè dínkù nínú ètò ìṣèlú orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Fúndí èyí, Babangida dá ìṣípò-rọpò agbára fún ìjọba awa ara wa dúró di ọdún 1992 sí osù kínní ọdún 1993. It wre finally being set for 27 August 1993.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|last1=Obi-Ani|first1=Paul|last2=Obi-Ani|first2=Ngozika A.|date=December 2010|title=Annulment of June 12, 1993 Presidential Election: A Reappraisal|journal=International Journal of Communication|volume=12|pages=1–15}}</ref>
Láti lè mú kí ètò ìṣèlú ó dúró o re, ìjọba tún dá ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́sàn an mọ́ mọ́kànlélógún tí ó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀ láàrín ọdún 1987 sí 1991. Bákan náà ni wọ́n ṣe alékún ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ sí ọgọ́rùn mẹ́fà. Ọdún 1987 sí 1991 ni wọ́n dìbò ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n dìbò àwọn ilé-aṣòfin àgbà ati ile aṣòfin kékeré ní ọdún 1991 ati 1992.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9" />
Ìjọba Babangida fòpin de àwọn olóṣèlú àwa-ara-wa ẹlẹ́ẹ̀krjì àti àwọn ológun láti kópa nínú ìṣèlú ìjọba àwa-ara-wa ti ẹlẹ́kẹta èyí wọ́n ṣètò rẹ̀.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Nwokedi|first1=Emeka|date=April 1994|title=Nigeria's Democratic Transition: Explaining the Annulled 1993 Presidential Election|journal=The Round Table|volume=83|issue=330|pages=189–204|doi=10.1080/00358539408454202}}</ref> Lásìkò yí, ìjọba Babangida tún dojú ìdìtẹ̀-gbàjọba tí ó fẹ́ tọwọ́ [[Mamman Vasta]] àti [[Gideon Orka]] wáyé ní ọdún 1990. Nígbà tí ó di ọdún 1992, ìfọmọ oyè sílẹ̀ fún ìdìbò Aàrẹ bẹ̀rẹ̀, àsìkò yìí ni Babangida yí orúkọ ''The Armed Forces Rulling Council'' padà sí ''National Defence and Securtiy Council and a Civilian Transitional Council'' tí wọ́n fi [[Ernest Sonekan]] tí ó jẹ́ èyàn pàtàkì ọmọ ilẹ̀ Ẹgbá ṣe adarí rẹ̀. <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí==
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Ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357427188|Air pollution in Nigeria]]"
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'''Ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà''' jẹ́ ọ̀ràn pàtàkì nípa ìlera àyíká àti gbogbogbòò tí ó ń fa nípasẹ̀ ìtújáde ọkọ̀, àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, sísun ní gbangba, àti lílo epo líle fún sísè oúnjẹ. Àwọn ìlú ńlá bíi Lagos, Abuja, àti Kano ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ohun ìdọ̀tí, èyí tí ó ń yọrí sí àìlera èémí àti ikú àìtọ́jọ́. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Banki Àgbáyé ti sọ, iye owó tí ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ní Lagos nìkan ni a ṣírò sí ju $2 bilionu lọ ní ọdún 2018. Láìka àwọn ìlànà àyíká tí ó wà, ìfipámúni ṣiṣẹ́ ṣì jẹ́ aláìlera, àti pé ìyípadà ìlú kíákíá ń bá a lọ láti ba dídára afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ ní gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè náà. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Environmental health situation in Nigeria: current status and future needs|url=free}}</ref>
== Àwọn Ohun Tó Ń Fa Ìbàjẹ́ Afẹ́fẹ́ Ní Nàìjíríà ==
Àwọn ohun pàtàkì kan tó ń fa ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà ni àwọn wọ̀nyí:
=== Àwọn ìtújáde ọkọ̀ ===
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ni wọ́n ti gbó, tí wọ́n ń tọ́jú dáadáa, tí wọ́n sì ń lo epo petirolu kékeré. Àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ wọ̀nyí ń tú Carbon monoxide (CO) jáde, èyí tí ó jẹ́ gaasi olóró, tí ó léwu fún àwọn ènìyàn. Omi ascent àti èéfín ni àwọn ohun èlò àwọn ohun èlò nitrogen oxides (NOx) ń fà. Ohun èlò ẹyọ ọra kekere (PM): àwọn èròjà kékeré tí ó ń ba ọkàn àti ẹ̀dọ̀fóró jẹ́. Ozone tí ó wà ní ìpele ilẹ̀ ni a ń ṣẹ̀dá nígbà tí NOx àti àwọn èròjà organic tí ó ń yí padà (VOCs) bá para pọ̀. Gáàsì eefin kan tí ó ń fa ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ ni erogba oloro (CO2).
Àwọn ọkọ̀ tí wọ́n ń tú jáde ń di ohun tó ń fa ìlera gbogbogbòò nítorí àwọn ọkọ̀ àtijọ́ àti ìwọ̀n epo tí kò tó nǹkan. Èyí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìbísí àwọn àkóràn atẹ́gùn ní àwọn ìlú bíi Èkó, Àbújá, àti Kọ́ńò.
=== Àwọn ìtújáde ilé-iṣẹ́ ===
Ohun kejì tó ń fa ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ni àwọn ohun ìbàjẹ́ ilé iṣẹ́. Àwọn ibi ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ ni àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìṣòwò àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ bíi Apapa, Idumota, Ikeja, àti Odogunyan, tí wọ́n jẹ́ ilé iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe, irin, símẹ́ǹtì, kẹ́míkà, àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ àga. Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́, ilé iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe símẹ́ǹtì, ilé iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe àti ilé iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ ló ń ṣe ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀.
Fífọ́n gaasi adayeba jẹ́ àṣà tó wọ́pọ̀ ní ilé iṣẹ́ epo tí ó ń tú CO2, NOx, àti àwọn ohun ìbàjẹ́ mìíràn jáde. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwádìí kan, ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ àyíká ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó yọrí sí àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé tó tó nǹkan bí $2.1 bilionu ní ọdún 2018. Iye yìí dúró fún nǹkan bí 2.1% gbogbo ọjà ilẹ̀ tí ó wà ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà (GDP). Àwọn àdánù náà jẹ́ nítorí ipa ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ ní ìlera, títí kan àìlera tó pọ̀ sí i àti ikú àìtọ́jọ́, èyí tó ní ipa lórí iṣẹ́ agbára àti fífi ẹrù kún àwọn ètò ìlera .
== Ipa ==
=== Ibajẹ afẹfẹ ===
Ibajẹ afẹfẹ jẹ́ ọ̀ràn ìlera gbogbogbòò tó le gan-an ní Nàìjíríà, pàápàá jùlọ fún àwọn ọmọdé kékeré (tí kò tíì pé ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún). Ibajẹ afẹfẹ ni a dá lẹ́bi rẹ̀ pé ó fa ikú tó tó 67,416 tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ibajẹ arun ní ọdún 2019. Ibajẹ afẹfẹ ilé, pàápàá jùlọ láti inú sísè oúnjẹ inú ilé àti lílo epo líle, ló fa ikú tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó 78% nínú àwọn ikú ibajẹ arun ní inú ilé. Ibajẹ afẹfẹ fún ìgbà pípẹ́ tún ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ewu gíga ti àwọn ìṣòro ọkàn àti ẹ̀jẹ̀, àrùn jẹjẹrẹ, àti àwọn àbájáde oyún tí kò dára, àti àwọn àìsàn atẹ́gùn bíi ikọ́ ẹ̀gbẹ àti àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀fóró onígbà pípẹ́ (COPD). Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ìwádìí, ìwọ̀n ibajẹ inú ilé ní àwọn ilé ìwé kan, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí ó wà ní àwọn agbègbè ìlú àti ilé iṣẹ́, lè ga ju ìwọ̀n ìta lọ, èyí tí ó mú kí ewu ìlera pọ̀ sí i fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ àti àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́.
== Àwọn ìpèníjà àti àwọn àlàfo ==
* Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá ní Nàìjíríà kò ní àwọn ibùdó ìṣàyẹ̀wò afẹ́fẹ́ tó dúró ṣinṣin, tó sì ní ìdàgbàsókè tó ga, èyí tó mú kí ó ṣòro láti kó àwọn ìwífún tó tó jọ fún àyẹ̀wò tó péye àti ṣíṣe ìlànà.
* Ìgbésẹ̀ ìlànà tó lágbára: Láìka àwọn ìlànà ìṣàkóso àyíká àti ìtújáde sí, ìfipámúni ṣì ń dínkù, àti pé àwọn ohun èlò ìtújáde síta sábà máa ń di àtijọ́ tàbí kí wọ́n má ṣe dáadáa.
* Ìdàgbàsókè ìlú ńlá kíákíá àti ìdàgbàsókè iye ènìyàn: Àwọn ìlú ńlá ń dàgbàsókè kíákíá ju bí àwọn ètò ìṣiṣẹ́ ṣe lè ṣe lọ, èyí tí ó ń mú kí àwọn èéfín láti inú iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́, àti ìkọ́lé pọ̀ sí i. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Temporal assessment of air quality in major cities in Nigeria using satellite data|url=free}}</ref>
* Àìtó iná mànàmáná: Àìtó iná mànàmáná tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà gbogbo máa ń yọrí sí ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé gbogbogbòò lórí àwọn ẹ̀rọ amúnáwá epo díẹ́sẹ́lì àti epo rọ̀bì, èyí tó ń mú kí ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ ìlú pọ̀ sí i gidigidi.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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Igbó tí wọ́n ń jó ní Nàìjíríà
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338473682|Bush burning in Nigeria]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|name=Bush burning in Nigeria|image=Burning bush.png.jpg|caption=A bush fire in Nigeria|type=Environmental hazard|location=Nigeria|date=Ongoing|cause=Agricultural practices, hunting, pest control, accidental ignition|outcome=Air pollution, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, damage to infrastructure and livelihoods|fatalities=Unknown|injuries=Unknown|displaced=Unknown}}
'''Sísun igbó''' ni àṣà dídáná sí ewéko, yálà ní mímọ̀ tàbí láìmọ̀ọ́mọ̀, ní Nàìjíríà.Ó sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àsìkò òtútù nígbà tí koríko àti èpò bá gbẹ tí wọ́n sì lè jóná. Sísun igbó ni a sábà máa ń ṣe fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, bíi gbígbẹ ilẹ̀ fún oko, kíkó àwọn kòkòrò, àti mímú kí ilẹ̀ rọ̀ sí i. Wọ́n tún ń ṣe é fún ọdẹ, nítorí pé àwọn ọdẹ kan máa ń lo iná láti lé àwọn ẹranko jáde kúrò ní ibi tí wọ́n ń sá pamọ́ sí. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, sísun igbó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa búburú lórí àyíká, ìlera, àti ọrọ̀ ajé. Ó ń fa ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́, ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀, pípadánù onírúurú ẹ̀dá alààyè, ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́, ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ètò àti ìgbésí ayé, àti àìfaradà sí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ tó pọ̀ sí i.<ref name="Wilson p." />
== Àwọn okùnfà ==
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nǹkan ló máa ń fa jíjó ní igbó ní Nàìjíríà, títí bí:
[[Fáìlì:Bush_burning_for_farming.jpg|right|thumb|Igbó tí wọ́n ń jó ní Ugwuoba ń lọ sí oko ní [[ìpínlẹ̀ Enugu]]]]
* '''Àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀''' : Àwọn àgbẹ̀ kan máa ń lo iná láti gbá ilẹ̀ mọ́ fún ìgbẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ ní agbègbè ilẹ̀ onígbó àti igbó. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé sísun ewéko yóò mú kí ilẹ̀ rọrùn láti gbìn, pa èpò àti kòkòrò, àti láti fi àwọn èròjà kún ilẹ̀. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, a sábà máa ń ṣe èyí láìsí ètò tó yẹ, ìṣàkóso, tàbí àbójútó tó yẹ, ó sì lè fa iná tí kò ṣeé ṣàkóso tó ń tàn kálẹ̀ sí àwọn agbègbè mìíràn. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}}
* '''Ṣíṣe ọdẹ''' : Àwọn ọdẹ kan máa ń lo iná láti lé àwọn ẹranko jáde kúrò ní ibi ìpamọ́ wọn, bí eku, àwọn ẹranko afàyàfà, àti àwọn ẹyẹ. Wọ́n tún máa ń lo iná láti ṣẹ̀dá ọ̀nà àti ibi tí wọ́n lè gbà wọlé nínú igbó. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìṣe yìí tún lè fa iná tí kò ṣeé ṣàkóso tí ó sì ń ba ibùgbé àti orísun oúnjẹ àwọn ẹranko jẹ́.{{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}}
* '''Ìdènà Àrùn''' : Àwọn oníṣòwò ẹran kan máa ń lo iná láti darí àwọn kòkòrò tó ń ṣe àwọn ẹranko wọn, bí eérú, eérú, àti eṣinṣin tsetse. Wọ́n tún máa ń lo iná láti mú kí koríko tuntun dàgbà fún jíjẹun. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àṣà yìí tún lè fa iná tí kò ṣeé ṣàkóso tó lè ba ewéko àti ilẹ̀ jẹ́. {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}}
* '''Ìná tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ láìròtẹ́lẹ̀''' : Àwọn iná kan máa ń wáyé nítorí iná tí a fi àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ ṣe láti oríṣiríṣi orísun, bíi mànàmáná, iná láti inú ọkọ̀ tàbí ẹ̀rọ, sìgá tí a ti sọ nù, iná ìbọn, tàbí sítóòfù sísè. Iná wọ̀nyí tún lè tàn kálẹ̀ kíákíá kí ó sì fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀. {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}}
== Àwọn ipa ==
Sísun igbó ní Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa búburú lórí àyíká, ìlera, àti ọrọ̀ ajé, bíi:
* '''Ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́''' : Sísun igbó máa ń mú èéfín, eérú, àti àwọn ohun èlò ìdọ̀tí jáde tí ó ń ba afẹ́fẹ́ jẹ́ tí ó sì ń dín ìríran kù. Èéfín náà tún lè ní àwọn ohun tí ó léwu, bíi carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, àti àwọn èròjà onígbàlódé tí ó lè ní ipa lórí ìlera ènìyàn àti ẹranko. Èéfín náà tún lè ṣe àfikún sí ìṣẹ̀dá ozone àti èéfín, èyí tí ó lè mú kí àwọn àrùn atẹ́gùn àti ọkàn pọ̀ sí i. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Ogunjobi">{{Cite journal|last1=Ogunjobi|first1=K. O.|last2=Ajayi|first2=V. O.|last3=Adefisan|first3=E. A.|title=Impact of biomass burning on aerosol properties over Nigeria|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=44|issue=8|year=2010|pages=1073–1081|doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.013}}</ref>
* '''Ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀''' : Sísun igbó ń ba ohun èlò oníwàláàyè àti àwọn èròjà inú ilẹ̀ jẹ́, èyí tí ó ń mú kí ó má le so èso púpọ̀ àti kí ó má le so èso púpọ̀. Ó tún ń dín omi ilẹ̀ kù, ó sì ń mú kí iwọ̀n otútù ilẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó ń mú kí ó rọrùn láti jẹrà àti láti dìpọ̀. Ó tún ń yí pH ilẹ̀ àti ìṣiṣẹ́ àwọn kòkòrò àrùn padà, èyí tí ó ń nípa lórí dídára ilẹ̀ àti ìlera rẹ̀. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin">{{Cite journal|last1=Oluwatosin|first1=G. A.|last2=Ogunkunle|first2=A. O.|title=Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|volume=23|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–297}}</ref>
* '''Pípàdánù onírúurú ẹ̀dá alààyè''' : Sísun igbó ń ba ibùgbé àti orísun oúnjẹ ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ewéko àti ẹranko jẹ́, ó ń dín onírúurú àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn kù. Ó tún ń pa tàbí kó lé ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹ̀dá kúrò, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí ó ṣọ̀wọ́n, tí ó wà nínú ewu, tàbí tí ó wà ní ìpele kan náà. Ó tún ń nípa lórí onírúurú ìran àti ìlànà ìdàgbàsókè àwọn irú ẹ̀dá tí ó yè bọ́. {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}}
* '''Àwọn gáàsì tí a ń tú jáde láti inú ilé ìgbóná''' : Sísun igbó ń tú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ gáàsì tí a ń tú jáde láti inú ilé ìgbóná, bíi carbon dioxide, methane, àti nitrous oxide, èyí tí ó ń fa ìgbóná ayé àti ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́. Àwọn gáàsì wọ̀nyí tún lè ní ipa lórí àwọn ìrísí ojú ọjọ́ agbègbè àti àgbáyé, bí òjò, ìgbóná, àti afẹ́fẹ́. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Ogunjobi" />
* '''Ìbàjẹ́ sí àwọn ètò ìṣẹ̀dá àti ìgbésí ayé''' : Sísun igbó lè ba àwọn ètò ìṣẹ̀dá jẹ́ tàbí kí ó ba àwọn ètò ìṣẹ̀dá jẹ́, bí ojú ọ̀nà, afárá, ilé, àwọn ọ̀nà iná mànàmáná, àti àwọn nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì ìbánisọ̀rọ̀, èyí tó lè nípa lórí ìrìnnà, ìbánisọ̀rọ̀, àti ìfijiṣẹ́ iṣẹ́. Ó tún lè ba àwọn ohun ìní ìgbésí ayé jẹ́, bí irúgbìn, ẹran ọ̀sìn, oúnjẹ àti ohun èlò, èyí tó lè nípa lórí ààbò oúnjẹ, owó oṣù, àti àlàáfíà àwọn ènìyàn. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}}
* '''Àìlera sí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ tó ń pọ̀ sí i''' : Sísun igbó dín agbára àti agbára àtúnṣe àwọn ètò ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwùjọ kù láti kojú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ bíi ọ̀dá, ìkún omi, ìgbì ooru, àti àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn. Ó tún dín agbára àwọn ètò ọrọ̀ ajé àti àwùjọ kù láti dín ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ kù, bíi nípa pípa erogba, ṣíṣàkóso omi, àti pípèsè àwọn iṣẹ́ ètò ọrọ̀ ajé . {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}}
== Awọn ofin ati awọn yiyan miiran ==
Àwọn òfin àti ìlànà ìjóná igi ní Nàìjíríà ni a ń ṣàkóso nípasẹ̀ onírúurú òfin àti ìlànà, bíi Òfin Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àgbékalẹ̀ Àyíká àti Àwọn Ìlànà (NESREA), Ètò Ìlànà Orílẹ̀-èdè lórí Àyíká, Ètò Ìgbó Orílẹ̀-èdè, àti Ètò Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè. Àwọn òfin àti ìlànà wọ̀nyí ni láti dènà, ṣàkóso, àti ṣàkóso ìjóná igi àti àwọn ipa rẹ̀, àti láti gbé ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ àti ààbò àyíká lárugẹ.
Sibẹsibẹ, imuṣẹ ati imuse awọn ofin ati eto imulo wọnyi nigbagbogbo jẹ alailera ati alailagbara, nitori ọpọlọpọ awọn ipenija, gẹgẹbi aini imọ, awọn orisun, iṣiṣẹpọ, ati ifẹ iṣelu. Ju bẹẹ lọ, diẹ ninu awọn ofin ati eto imulo wọnyi ti atijọ ati pe ko ṣe afihan awọn otitọ ati awọn ipenija lọwọlọwọ ti sisun igbo ati iyipada oju-ọjọ. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin">{{Cite journal|last1=Oluwatosin|first1=G. A.|last2=Ogunkunle|first2=A. O.|title=Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|volume=23|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–297}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOluwatosinOgunkunle2011">Oluwatosin, G. A.; Ogunkunle, A. O. (2011). "Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria". ''Journal of Tropical Forest Science''. '''23''' (3): <span class="nowrap">289–</span>297. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616883 23616883].</cite></ref>
Nítorí náà, a nílò àwọn ìlànà tó gbéṣẹ́ jù àti tó gbéṣẹ́ jù àti àwọn ọ̀nà míì fún sísun igbó ní Nàìjíríà, bíi:
* '''Ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀kọ́''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti mú kí gbogbo ènìyàn mọ̀ nípa àwọn ohun tó ń fa ìgbóná àti àwọn ohun tó lè fa ìgbóná, àti àwọn àǹfààní àti ọ̀nà tí a lè gbà lo àwọn ọ̀nà míì. Èyí lè ṣeé ṣe nípasẹ̀ onírúurú ọ̀nà, bíi ìròyìn, ìpolówó, àwọn ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti àwọn iṣẹ́ ìtẹ̀síwájú. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin">{{Cite journal|last1=Oluwatosin|first1=G. A.|last2=Ogunkunle|first2=A. O.|title=Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria|journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science|volume=23|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–297|jstor=23616883}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOluwatosinOgunkunle2011">Oluwatosin, G. A.; Ogunkunle, A. O. (2011). "Impact of bush burning on soil quality along a toposequence in a derived savanna zone of Nigeria". ''Journal of Tropical Forest Science''. '''23''' (3): <span class="nowrap">289–</span>297. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23616883 23616883].</cite></ref>
* '''Àwọn ọ̀nà míràn''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti gbé àwọn ọ̀nà míràn lárugẹ kí a sì gba àwọn ọ̀nà míràn tí ó lè ṣe àṣeyọrí kan náà tàbí tí ó dára jù bí sísun igbó, láìsí ìpalára fún àyíká àti ìlera. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọ̀nà wọ̀nyí ni: pípa ilẹ̀ mọ́ ẹ̀rọ, fífọ ilẹ̀ mọ́, fífi ilẹ̀ mọ́, yíyípo èso, fífi oko pọ̀, gbígbin oko, ìṣàkóso kòkòrò tí a ti so pọ̀, sísun tí a ṣàkóso, àti àwọn ibi tí iná ti ń pa. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin" />
* '''Àwọn ìṣírí àti ìjìyà''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti pèsè àwọn ìṣírí àti ìjìyà láti fún àwọn ìwà àti ìṣe kan tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú sísun igbó ní ìṣírí àti láti dẹ́kun. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ìṣírí àti ìjìyà wọ̀nyí ni: ìrànlọ́wọ́, àwọn owó gbèsè, àwọn ẹ̀bùn, àwọn ẹ̀bùn, ìdámọ̀, ìjìyà, ìtanràn, ẹjọ́, àti gbígbà á. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin" />
* '''Àbójútó àti ìṣàyẹ̀wò''' : Ó ṣe pàtàkì láti ṣe àkíyèsí àti ṣe àyẹ̀wò ìlò àti ipa àwọn òfin, ìlànà, àti àwọn ìṣe tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú sísun igbó. Èyí lè ṣeé ṣe nípasẹ̀ onírúurú ọ̀nà, bíi ìmòye láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ẹlòmíràn, ìwádìí pápá, ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò, àti èsì. Èyí tún lè ran lọ́wọ́ láti dá àwọn àlàfo, ìpèníjà, àti àǹfààní fún ìdàgbàsókè mọ̀ àti láti kojú wọn. {{Sfn|Sanyaolu|2015}} {{Sfn|Caillault|Ballouche|Delahaye|2015}} <ref name="Oluwatosin" />
== Wo tun ==
* [[Gígé igi lulẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà|Pípa igbó run ní Nàìjíríà]]
* [[Àwọn Ọ̀rọ̀ Àyíká Ní Niger Delta|Àwọn ọ̀ràn àyíká ní Nàìjíríà]]
* Iná igbó
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
=== Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí ===
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
=== Ìwé ìtàn ===
* {{Cite journal|title=EFFECT OF BUSH BURNING ON HERBACEOUS PLANT DIVERSITY IN LAGOS STATE POLYTECHNIC, IKORODU CAMPUS, LAGOS|url=https://www.scienceworldjournal.org/article/view/15434|access-date=3 November 2023}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Where are the 'bad fires' in West African savannas? Rethinking burning management through a space-time analysis in Burkina Faso}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://nesrea.gov.ng/ NESREA]
* [https://www.environment.gov.ng/ Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àpapọ̀ ti Àyíká]
* [https://www.fao.org/nigeria/en/ Àjọ Oúnjẹ àti Àgbẹ̀ ti Àjọ Àgbáyé ní Nàìjíríà]
* [https://reliefweb.int/country/nga ReliefWeb Nigeria]
gs9drc9ccnxjwqqcfmcbww31amxgeue
Ètò Àyíká àti Ìṣàkóso ní Nàìjíríà
0
80375
622259
2026-06-13T12:56:41Z
ToluT15
33915
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316139830|Environment Strategy and Administration in Nigeria]]"
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[[Fáìlì:NIGERIA_AT_A_CROSSROADS-_ELECTIONS,_LEGITIMACY_AND_A_WAY_FORWARD_(IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-110hhrg35872).pdf|thumb|Ètò Àyíká àti Ìṣàkóso ní Nàìjíríà]]
Ìyípadà àyíká <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/4940/chapter/9|title=Read "Emerging Needs and Opportunities for Human Factors Research" at NAP.edu}}</ref> jjẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìṣòro tó ń fa ìṣòro kárí ayé jùlọ ní àìpẹ́ yìí, àti Nàìjíríà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí orílẹ̀-èdè tó kún fún ènìyàn jùlọ ní Áfíríkà àti bóyá nínú ọrọ̀ ajé rẹ̀ tó tóbi jùlọ, ti yan láti yanjú ọ̀ràn náà nípasẹ̀ ètò ìṣètò àyíká àti àwọn ìgbìmọ̀ ìṣàkóso.
== Ètò ètò ìgbékalẹ̀ ==
Nàìjíríà ti gbé ètò ètò gbogbogbò kalẹ̀ láti darí ìhùwàsí rẹ̀ sí ìyípadà àyíká. Ètò Ìyípadà Àyíká Gbogbogbò àti Ètò Ìdáhùn (NCCPRS), tí a dá sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2012, ni ó jẹ́ ìpìlẹ̀ ètò ìgbòkègbodò àyíká orílẹ̀-èdè náà. NCCPRS ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àwọn ètò fún ìtura, ìyípadà, àti ìkọ́lé ààlà.
== Awọn ojuse agbaye ==
Nàìjíríà jẹ́ olùfọwọ́sí sí àwọn àdéhùn lórí àyípadà àyíká, bí àdéhùn Paris.
Nàìjíríà ti gbé àwọn ìlérí rẹ̀ (NDCs) kalẹ̀, wọ́n sì ti ṣètò àwọn ète àti ètò rẹ̀ láti dín àwọn ìtújáde kù àti láti bá ìyípadà àyíká mu. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Exploring the energy system impacts of Nigeria's Nationally Determined Contributions and low-carbon transition to mid-century|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421520304304}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
peopbg3y71uns0laz3xrizd5x7leo6j
Òfin Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ Nàìjíríà, 2021
0
80376
622260
2026-06-13T13:04:41Z
ToluT15
33915
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1286576418|Nigeria's Climate Change Act, 2021]]"
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'''Òfin Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ Nàìjíríà, ọdún 2021''' jẹ́ òfin ti Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Òfin náà béèrè pé kí ìjọba gbé ètò ìgbésẹ̀ Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè kalẹ̀ àti ètò ìṣúná owó ọdún márùn-ún, pẹ̀lú àwọn àfojúsùn ọdọọdún pàtó kan. <ref name=":0" /> Òfin náà ni ó gbé Ìgbìmọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè kalẹ̀ lórí Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí ni ó ní iṣẹ́ láti mú Ètò Ìṣiṣẹ́ Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè ṣẹ, ó sì ní agbára lórí Àjọ Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ tuntun tí a ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ dá sílẹ̀. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" />
== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
Ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021, Ààrẹ Buhari fọwọ́ sí Òfin Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ ti Nàìjíríà, ọdún 2021 láti di òfin. Òfin yìí gbé ètò òfin kalẹ̀ fún Nàìjíríà, èyí tí ó ń mú kí àwọn ète ojúọjọ́ rẹ̀ rọrùn, ìdúróṣinṣin àwùjọ àti ọrọ̀ ajé fún ìgbà pípẹ́, àti ìfaradà. Nípa títẹ̀lé ìlérí Ààrẹ tí a sọ ní COP 26 ní Glasgow láti dé net zero ní ọdún 2060, Òfin náà gbé àfojúsùn pípé kalẹ̀ láti dé net zero emissions tí ó wà láti ọdún 2050 sí 2070. <ref name=":0" />
Òfin náà ní àwọn ìpèsè pàtàkì tí ó ṣàlàyé àwọn kókó pàtàkì wọ̀nyí:
* Ìjọba gbọ́dọ̀ gbé Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Àyípadà Ojúọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè kalẹ̀ àti ètò ìṣúná owó erogba ọdún márùn-ún, tí ó pé pẹ̀lú àwọn ète ọdọọdún tí a ti ṣírò. Àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ méjèèjì yìí wà lábẹ́ ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ láti ọwọ́ Ìgbìmọ̀ Aláṣẹ Àpapọ̀. A ti ṣètò pé ètò ìṣúná owó erogba àkọ́kọ́ yóò gba ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2022.
* A ti ṣètò ìdásílẹ̀ Ìgbìmọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè lórí Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́, èyí tí ó ń ṣàlàyé àpapọ̀ àti ẹrù iṣẹ́ rẹ̀. Ìgbìmọ̀ yìí ni yóò gba ipa ti ṣíṣe Ètò Ìgbésẹ̀ Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè àti ṣíṣàkóso ìṣàkóso Àjọ Ìyípadà Ojú-ọjọ́ tuntun tí a ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣe. A ó pinnu ìpín owó tí Àjọ náà yóò pín fún àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ní ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin, yóò sì mú kí iṣẹ́ Ìgbìmọ̀ náà rọrùn, pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ owó. Ní ṣíṣe ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú ilé iṣẹ́ àyíká, Ìgbìmọ̀ náà yóò ṣe àkóso ìgbésẹ̀ ojú-ọjọ́ àgbáyé àti àwọn ètò pàtó fún ẹ̀ka. Ní àfikún, yóò dojúkọ dídá àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àtúnṣe tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ mọ̀ àti ṣíṣe àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àtúnṣe tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/112597/140749/F962932059/NGA112597.pdf Ọ̀rọ̀ nípa Òfin Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ ti Nàìjíríà, ọdún 2021]
ebdn8j3rtckf7sx962i0xanyoy99yao
Ogbele ni Nigeria
0
80377
622264
2026-06-13T13:23:17Z
ToluT15
33915
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354883452|Drought in Nigeria]]"
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Ọ̀dá ìgbà pípẹ́ ní Nàìjíríà ti yọrí sí ìsọ̀kalẹ̀ àti àìtó ilẹ̀ fún ìtọ́jú màlúù àti gbígbin àwọn èso. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria cattle crisis: how drought and urbanization led to deadly land grabs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/11/nigeria-cattle-crisis-how-drought-and-urbanisation-led-to-deadly-land-grabs|access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> Láti gba ilẹ̀ fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tàbí jíjẹko, a máa ń gba àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti àwọn darandaran níyànjú láti lọ sí àwọn agbègbè tuntun, èyí tí ó sábà máa ń yọrí sí ìwà ipá. Àwọn darandaran àti àwọn àgbẹ̀ ti ń jà gidigidi láàárín ọdún méjì tó kọjá. Ó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì ènìyàn tí wọ́n pàdánù ẹ̀mí wọn ní ọdún 2018. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Great Recession and subjective well-being: How did the life satisfaction of people living in the United Kingdom change following the financial crisis?|url=free}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn olugbe Villages ni Ipinle Plateau ti Nigeria ko fẹ lati gbe lọ nitori pe ile wọn ni. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá jó àwùjọ kan, wọ́n á ṣẹ̀dá àwọn bíríkì tuntun láti tún àwọn ilé tí ó bàjẹ́ ṣe.
Ọ̀dá jẹ́ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà tí ó sì ń nípa lórí gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àwọn agbègbè gbígbẹ àti aṣálẹ̀ díẹ̀ ní ìfaradà ju gúúsù gbígbẹ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n ìwọ̀n àìlera yàtọ̀ síra. Ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà, ọ̀dá yọrí sí ìyàn ní ọdún 1914, 1924, 1935, 1943, 1951–1954, 1972–1973. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eze|first=Jude Nwafor|date=22 October 2018|title=Drought occurrences and its implications on the households in Yobe state, Nigeria|journal=Geoenvironmental Disasters|volume=5|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s40677-018-0111-7|bibcode=2018GeoDi...5...18E|url=free|issn=2197-8670}}</ref>
Ìwádìí kan tí SBMintel, ilé iṣẹ́ ìwádìí kan tí ó dojúkọ ní Áfíríkà, ṣe ní '''ìpínlẹ̀ méje''' ní Nàìjíríà, fihàn pé nǹkan bí 79% àwọn àgbẹ̀ Nàìjíríà ni àwọn ipa búburú ti òjò àti ìkún omi ní ọdún 2020 ní ipa lórí. Láàárín wọn, '''26.3''' % ní ìrírí ìdènà pàtàkì sí ìkórè wọn nítorí àwọn ipò ojú ọjọ́ líle koko. Nǹkan bí 52.60% ni ó ní ipa díẹ̀, nígbà tí 21.1% ròyìn pé kò sí ipa kankan láti inú òjò àti ìkún omi. Ìwádìí náà, tí àkọlé rẹ̀ jẹ́ " '''''Àwọn Nàìjíríà kàn fẹ́ jẹun'' ,"''' tẹnu mọ́ àwọn ìpèníjà pàtàkì tí àwọn àgbẹ̀ Nàìjíríà àti àwọn olùgbé oúnjẹ ń dojú kọ, èyí tí ó lè dí ààbò oúnjẹ orílẹ̀-èdè lọ́wọ́. Wọ́n tẹ̀ ẹ́ jáde ní oṣù yìí. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Nearly 80% of Nigerian farmers affected by floods, drought in 2020 – Report|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/agriculture/agric-news/436380-nearly-80-of-nigerian-farmers-affected-by-floods-drought-in-2020-report.html?tztc=1|access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref>
== Àwọn ipa ==
Ọ̀dá ti fa ilosoke ninu iyipada oju-ọjọ agbaye eyiti o ni ipa lori idagbasoke awọn irugbin ati awọn ẹran ati ibeere fun idagbasoke alagbero. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hassan|first1=Abdullahi Gana|last2=Fullen|first2=Michael|last3=Oloke|first3=David|date=1 March 2019|title=Problems of drought and its management in Yobe State, Nigeria|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094718300653|journal=Weather and Climate Extremes|language=en|volume=23|doi=10.1016/j.wace.2019.100192|bibcode=2019WCE....2300192H|issn=2212-0947}}</ref>
Ọ̀dá tún ti fa ìjìyà ilẹ̀ tó léwu. Láàárín ọdún díẹ̀ sẹ́yìn, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjà ló ti ń wáyé láàrín àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti àwọn olùṣọ́ màlúù tó ń wá pápá àti omi. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Orji|first1=|date=11 January 2021|title=Nigeria cattle crisis: how drought and urbanisation led to deadly land grabs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/11/nigeria-cattle-crisis-how-drought-and-urbanisation-led-to-deadly-land-grabs}}</ref>
Ipa pataki ti ogbele ni Ariwa Naijiria ti han gbangba ni awọn ọdun ti o ti kọja, ti o ni ipa lori awọn irugbin ati awọn eso agbẹ ni agbegbe naa. A maa n ṣe afihan ogbele nipasẹ aini igba pipẹ tabi pipin ojo ti ko to, ti o yorisi aini ojo fun igba pipẹ ni agbegbe kan pato. Ipo yii n fa wahala omi ati ikuna irugbin ti o gbooro nigbati ojo ko ba pade awọn ibeere ti evapo-transpiration ti awọn irugbin. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stanke|first1=Carla|last2=Kerac|first2=Marko|last3=Prudhomme|first3=Christel|last4=Medlock|first4=Jolyon|last5=Murray|first5=Virginia|date=5 June 2013|title=Health Effects of Drought: a Systematic Review of the Evidence|journal=PLOS Currents|volume=5|doi=((10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004))|url=free|issn=2157-3999|pmc=3682759|pmid=23787891}}</ref>
Àwọn ògbógi ti pe ìkún omi ní Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2022 ní èyí tó le jùlọ láti ọdún 2012. Ìkún omi yìí ti ba àwọn oko jẹ́ lórí ilẹ̀ oko tó ju hẹ́kítà '''500,000''' lọ, èyí sì ti kan ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àgbẹ̀ oníṣòwò àti oníṣòwò jákèjádò orílẹ̀-èdè náà. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Seven major ways climate change affects Nigerians – Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/seven-major-ways-climate-change-affects-nigerians/|journal=[[Daily Trust]]|date=30 October 2022}}</ref>
ÌÌyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní ipa lórí ìṣẹ̀dá agbára omi ní Nàìjíríà, nítorí pé ó ń fa òjò tí a kò lè sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ àti àwọn ìrísí òjò, ó sì ń ní ipa lórí ìwọ̀n omi ní àwọn ìdajì omi bíi Kainji Dam. Nígbà ọ̀dá, agbára omi náà ń dínkù, ó ń ní ipa lórí ìpínkiri agbára orílẹ̀-èdè àti ìdènà àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ tí ó gbẹ́kẹ̀lé agbára iná tí ó dúró ṣinṣin. Ní ọ̀nà mìíràn, òjò tí ó pọ̀ jù nítorí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ lè fa ìkún omi líle ní àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní àdúgbò. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Seven major ways climate change affects Nigerians – Daily Trust|journal=[[Daily Trust]]|date=30 October 2022}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://dailytrust.com/seven-major-ways-climate-change-affects-nigerians/ "Seven major ways climate change affects Nigerians – Daily Trust"]. ''[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]''. 30 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref>
== Àwọn okùnfà ==
=== Àwọn Ohun Tó Fa Afẹ́fẹ́ ===
* Òjò Kekere: Apá kan ní agbègbè Sahel, ó máa ń ní òjò tó yàtọ̀ síra, èyí tó sì sábà máa ń rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní ìpele tó wọ́pọ̀, èyí tó jẹ́ olórí ohun tó ń fa ọ̀dá.
* Òtútù Gíga: Òtútù tó ń pọ̀ sí i nítorí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ àgbáyé máa ń mú kí òjò gbẹ, ó sì máa ń mú kí ilẹ̀ àti omi gbẹ.
* Yíyípadà àwọn ọ̀nà afẹ́fẹ́ àti ìfúnpá: Àwọn ìdàrúdàpọ̀ ní òjò Àìkú ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà lè dín òjò kù.
==== Àwọn Ohun Ènìyàn ====
* Pípa igbó run: Pípa igbó run fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ dín agbára ilẹ̀ láti pa omi mọ́ kù, èyí sì ń mú kí gbígbẹ pọ̀ sí i.
* Pípa igbó run jù: Àwọn ẹran ọ̀sìn tó pọ̀ ń yọ ìbòrí ewéko kúrò, èyí sì ń yọrí sí ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀ àti ìsọ̀kalẹ̀ aṣálẹ̀.
* Ìṣàkóso omi tí kò dára: Àìrí omi dáadáa, ìṣàkóso ìdè omi, àti àìsí ìpamọ́ omi ń mú kí àìlera pọ̀ sí i ní àsìkò òjò.
* Ìfẹ̀sí ìlú àti ìyípadà lílo ilẹ̀: Àwọn ìlú tó ń dàgbà àti ilẹ̀ oko ń dín ewéko àdánidá àti omi tó ń wọ inú rẹ̀ kù.
[[Fáìlì:Drought_in_Galdimari,_Karasuwa.jpg|thumb|rasuwa]]
Àpapọ̀ ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ àti ìgbòkègbodò ènìyàn mú kí ìsọ̀kalẹ̀ ilẹ̀ yára sí i, pàápàá jùlọ ní Àríwá Nàìjíríà . Ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀ sábà máa ń mú kí ọ̀dá pọ̀ sí i, èyí tí ó tún ń dín iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti wíwà omi kù.
== Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè Tí Ọ̀dá Bá Kàn Sí ==
Àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ wọ̀nyí ni; Sokoto, Katsina, Zamfara, Kebbi, Jigawa àti Kano ní àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn àti Borno, Yobe, Gombe, Bauchi àti Adamawa ní àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè náà ló jẹ́ pé ọ̀dá ló ń ṣe é jù.
Àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mìíràn tí ó ń ní ipa lórí àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ tuntun ni Kwara, Niger àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ.
== Oju-ọjọ ==
Àkókò Harmattan tí ó máa ń wáyé láàárín ìparí oṣù kọkànlá sí àárín oṣù kẹta máa ń fa ọ̀dá ní Nàìjíríà. Nígbà míì, ó máa ń fa ìkùukùu ńláńlá tí ó lè fa ìjì eruku tàbí ìjì iyanrìn . Afẹ́fẹ́ lè mú ewu iná pọ̀ sí i, kí ó sì fa ìbàjẹ́ tó burú jáì fún irúgbìn.
== Ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba ==
Àwọn Òfin Àyíká Orílẹ̀-èdè (Ìdènà Àṣálẹ̀ àti Ìdènà Ọ̀dá) ti ọdún 2011 kó ipa pàtàkì nínú ìṣàkóso ìṣàkóṣo ìṣàlẹ̀ ní Nàìjíríà. Wọ́n tún kó ipa pàtàkì nínú mímọ àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà nípa àwọn ohun tó ń fa ìṣàlẹ̀ àti ewu. Wọ́n ṣe èyí nípa gbígbìyànjú láti tún igbó ṣe, láti tún gbìn irúgbìn, láti gbìn igbó àti láti dáàbò bo àwọn agbègbè tí ìṣàlẹ̀ wà.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ìpínlẹ̀ Plateau]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
8pi0hryb45pa7m7y0t5sk9a0sbw9pfn
Awọn igbi ooru ni Nigeria
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ToluT15
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351778140|Heatwaves in Nigeria]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Heat_wave_survival_strategy.jpg|thumb|Obìnrin kan tó ń da omi sí orí rẹ̀ láti dín ooru ara rẹ̀ kù]]
'''Igba ooru ni [[Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]]''' o sábà máa ń jẹ́ nítorí ooru gíga jù, tí ó sábà máa ń wà pẹ̀lú àwọn ipò gbígbẹ àti ọ̀rinrin tí ó pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ líle koko wọ̀nyí ti di ohun tí ó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún àìpẹ́ yìí, tí ó burú sí i nípasẹ̀ ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ àti ìbàjẹ́ àyíká. Nàìjíríà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí orílẹ̀-èdè olóoru, ní ìrírí onírúurú ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ìgbì ooru ń fa àwọn ìpèníjà líle, pàápàá jùlọ ní àwọn ìlú ńlá níbi tí àwọn ilé kọnkérétì àti ewéko tí kò tó nǹkan ń mú kí ooru dúró. Ìwọ̀n ìgbà àti agbára àwọn ìgbì ooru ti pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń yọrí sí ipa pàtàkì lórí ìlera gbogbogbòò, iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, àti àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ọrọ̀-ajé.
== Àwọn okùnfà ==
Ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní Nàìjíríà ni olórí ohun tó ń fa ìgbì ooru, nítorí pé ìgbóná ojúọjọ́ ayé tó ń pọ̀ sí i ti mú kí ìgbà àti àkókò ooru tó le koko pọ̀ sí i. Ìwọ̀n àwọn gáàsì afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń pọ̀ sí i nínú afẹ́fẹ́ ti mú kí ìgbóná ojúọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì ń fa ìgbì ooru tó pẹ́ ní gbogbo orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Nàìjíríà, tó wà ní agbègbè ojúọjọ́ tó gbóná, ló máa ń fara pa sí àwọn ìyípadà wọ̀nyí, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ní agbègbè àríwá tó ń ní àwọn ipò tó le koko jùlọ. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Benjamin Obe|first=Oluwafemi|date=2023-12-01|title=Assessing heat risk in a sub-saharan African humid city, Lagos, Nigeria, using numerical modelling and open-source geospatial socio-demographic datasets|url=free}}</ref> Àwọn ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ ti ba àwọn ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ àtijọ́ jẹ́, èyí sì mú kí àwọn ìgbì ooru má ṣe sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ rárá, kí ó sì le koko.
[[Fáìlì:Deforestation_in_Nigeria_by_Onuoha_John_Mba_2.jpg|thumb|Pípa igbó run ní Nàìjíríà]]
* Pípa igbó run ti ṣe alabapin pataki si awọn igbi ooru ni Nigeria, bi gígé igi kaakiri fun iṣẹ-ogbin, imugboro ilu, ati igi epo dinku ipa itutu adayeba ti awọn igbó. Eweko ṣe ipa pataki ni ṣiṣakoso awọn iwọn otutu nipa fifun ojiji ati tu ọrinrin silẹ sinu afẹfẹ. Sibẹsibẹ, bi a ti n pa ilẹ diẹ sii fun idagbasoke, awọn agbegbe ilu ni iriri ipa ooru ti o lagbara si erekusu, nibiti iwọn otutu ga julọ ju awọn agbegbe igberiko ti o yi i ka. Iṣẹlẹ yii han ni pataki ni awọn ilu pataki bii Lagos, Abuja, ati Kano, nibiti awọn aaye alawọ ewe ti n dinku ni kiakia. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-11-06}}</ref>
* Àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, bíi ìtọ́jú omi ńlá àti lílo àwọn ajile kemikali jù, ló ń fa ìgbóná ooru tó ń pọ̀ sí i ní àwọn agbègbè kan ní Nàìjíríà. Ìtọ́jú omi tó pọ̀ jù lè fa ọ̀rinrin tó ń pọ̀ sí i, èyí tó ń mú kí ìgbì ooru pọ̀ sí i, nígbà tí àwọn ajile kemikali ń tú àwọn gáàsì ewéko jáde tó ń fa ìgbóná ayé. Àwọn iṣẹ́ ìṣàkóso ilẹ̀ tó burú, títí kan jíjẹko àti ìbàjẹ́ ilẹ̀, tún ń mú kí àwọn àbájáde wọ̀nyí burú sí i, èyí sì ń mú kí àwọn agbègbè ìgbèríko túbọ̀ fara hàn sí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ooru tó le gan-an. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Impact of Agricultural Activities on Climate Change: A Review of Greenhouse Gas Emission Patterns in Field Crop Systems|language=en|url=free}}</ref>
* Ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ láti inú ìtújáde ọkọ̀, àwọn iṣẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́, àti sísun egbin ní gbangba, ti mú kí ìgbì ooru burú síi ní Nàìjíríà. Àwọn ohun ìbàjẹ́ bíi erogba dúdú àti ozone ń pa ooru mọ́ nínú afẹ́fẹ́, èyí sì ń yọrí sí ìgbóná ojú ilẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn ìlú tí ó ní ìwọ̀n ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó ga ń ní ìrírí ìgbì ooru tó le gan-an, bí èéfín àti àwọn gáàsì ewéko ṣe ń dènà ooru láti jáde, èyí sì ń ṣẹ̀dá ipa ìgbóná tí a mọ̀ sí ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ ní agbègbè.
== Ipa ==
Àwọn ìgbì ooru ní Nàìjíríà ní ipa tó jinlẹ̀ lórí ìlera, pàápàá jùlọ fún àwọn ènìyàn tó ní ìṣòro bíi àwọn ọmọdé, àwọn àgbàlagbà, àti àwọn tó ní àìsàn tó ti wà tẹ́lẹ̀. Fífi ara hàn sí ooru tó le gan-an máa ń mú kí ewu gbígbẹ, ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ooru, àti ìkọlù ooru pọ̀ sí i, èyí tó lè pa ènìyàn tí a kò bá tọ́jú rẹ̀ kíákíá. Àwọn ilé ìtọ́jú ìlera sábà máa ń ní àìsàn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru nígbà tí ooru bá le gan-an, èyí tó máa ń ba àwọn ohun èlò ìṣègùn àti ètò ìṣiṣẹ́ jẹ́. Bákan náà, ooru tó ga máa ń mú kí àwọn àìsàn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ooru pọ̀ sí i, bíi ikọ-fèé àti àwọn àìsàn tó le koko mìíràn nítorí ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀ sí i àti dídára afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń burú sí i, pàápàá jùlọ ní àwọn ìlú ńlá pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ ilé iṣẹ́ tó le gan-an àti àwọn ìtújáde ọkọ̀.
== Àwọn ìgbì ooru tó ṣe pàtàkì ==
Ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 2019, Nàìjíríà ní ìrírí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìgbì ooru tó le jùlọ, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n otútù tó ju 45°C (113°F) lọ ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ kan ní àríwá. Ooru tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ènìyàn tó ń gbàlejò sí ilé ìwòsàn pọ̀ sí i àti àìtó iná mànàmáná. Ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn agbègbè ní Sokoto, Kano, àti Maiduguri ròyìn pé àìtó omi pọ̀ sí i, àti pé àwọn àìsàn tó jẹ mọ́ ooru pọ̀ sí i, pàápàá jùlọ láàárín àwọn ọmọdé àti àwọn àgbàlagbà.
Ooru ti ọdun 2020 ti mu iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ, paapaa ni awọn ipinlẹ bii Katsina, Bauchi, ati Yobe. Ooru ti o ga julọ fa ilosoke ninu awọn ọran ti ailera ooru ati ikọlu ooru, eyiti o yori si awọn ikilọ ilera gbogbogbo. Awọn ọna ina naa ni wahala pupọ bi ibeere ina fun itututu ṣe n pọ si, eyiti o fa idinku nigbagbogbo ni awọn ilu pataki ni awọn ilu pataki.
Ooru ti ọdun 2023 le gan-an, pẹlu awọn ilu bii Abuja, Lagos, ati Kano ṣe igbasilẹ iwọn otutu ti o ga ju 42°C (108°F). Awọn ijabọ fihan pe awọn aisan ti o ni ibatan ooru ati idinku eto-ọrọ aje ni awọn agbegbe ti o kan. Ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iwe ati awọn ile-iṣẹ ni lati ṣatunṣe awọn wakati iṣẹ wọn lati dinku ifihan si ooru lile. Ni afikun, a gbasilẹ ilosoke ninu awọn ina igbo ni awọn agbegbe ogbin diẹ, eyiti o tun mu awọn ipenija ti ooru pipẹ dide wa.
== Wo pelu ==
* Ilẹ̀ ayé Nàìjíríà
* Àwọn Àfojúsùn Ìdàgbàsókè Alágbára àti Nàìjíríà
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
ead9fraor858bxm3yswe2769z8zrpy9
Àdàpọ̀ oníṣọ̀kan tí kìí ṣe methane tí ó lè yípadà
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ToluT15
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307688367|Non-methane volatile organic compound]]"
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'''Àwọn àkójọpọ̀ onígbà tí kìí ṣe methane''' ( '''NMVOCs''' ) jẹ́ àkójọ àwọn èròjà onígbà-ẹ̀dá tí wọ́n sábà máa ń ṣe àtúnṣe sí fọ́tòkẹ́míkà nínú afẹ́fẹ́—tí a fi ìyàsọ́tọ̀ methane hàn. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988657|title=Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere|date=2007|location=Oxford, UK}}</ref> Àwọn NMVOC ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn èròjà oníkẹ́míkà tó yàtọ̀ síra, bíi benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, cyclohexane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane àti acetone nínú. <ref>{{Citation|title=Section 2: Meteorology and Air Pollutants}}</ref> Ní pàtàkì, àwọn NMVOC jọra pẹ̀lú àwọn èròjà onígbà-pípalẹ̀ (VOCs), ṣùgbọ́n pẹ̀lú methane tí a kò yọ kúrò. A kò yọ methane kúrò nínú àyíká ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ nítorí pé kò léwu. Síbẹ̀, ó jẹ́ gáàsì ewéko alágbára gan-an, pẹ̀lú ìṣiṣẹ́ díẹ̀, nítorí náà ó lè pẹ́ láyé nínú afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":4" /> Ẹ̀ka pàtàkì kan lára àwọn NMVOC ni àwọn hydrocarbons tí kìí ṣe methane (NMHCs).
Nígbà míìrán, a tún máa ń lo NMVOC gẹ́gẹ́ bí paramita àròpọ̀ fún àwọn ìtújáde, níbi tí a ti ń kó gbogbo ìtújáde NMVOC jọ pọ̀ sí ìwọ̀n kan. Tí kò bá sí ìwífún tó kún rẹ́rẹ́, èyí lè jẹ́ paramita tó le gan-an fún ìbàjẹ́ (fún àpẹẹrẹ, fún èéfín ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn tàbí ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ inú ilé).
[[Fáìlì:1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene-2D-structure.svg|alt=A molecular diagram of trimethylbenzene|thumb|Trimethylbenzene jẹ́ NMVOC pàtàkì nítorí pé ó ní ìṣiṣẹ́ photokemika gíga láti ṣẹ̀dá ozone nínú afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|url=free}}</ref>]]
== Pataki ti kemistri afẹfẹ ==
Ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa àwọn NMVOC ṣe pàtàkì nínú kẹ́mísírì afẹ́fẹ́, níbi tí a ti lè lò ó gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣojú láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa àwọn ànímọ́ àpapọ̀ ti àwọn VOC afẹ́fẹ́fẹ́ oníṣe. Yíyọ methane kúrò jẹ́ pàtàkì nítorí pé ó ní ìṣọ̀kan àyíká tí ó ga ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀dá afẹ́fẹ́ mìíràn àti àìfaradà rẹ̀ ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àìfaradà rẹ̀. <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988657|title=Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere|date=2007|location=Oxford, UK}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKoppmann2007">Koppmann, Ralf, ed. (2007). [http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988657 ''Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere'']. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/9780470988657|10.1002/9780470988657]]. [[ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-470-98865-7|<bdi>978-0-470-98865-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> NMVOCs jẹ́ ọ̀rọ̀ àgbélébùú kan tí ó ní gbogbo àwọn ohun èlò oní-ẹ̀mí-ara-ẹni tí ó ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, ènìyàn-àti-ẹ̀mí-ara-ẹni tí ó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, tí ó ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, àti àwọn ohun èlò oní-ẹ̀mí-ara-ẹni tí ó wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, tí ó sì ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, tí ó sì ní afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra nínú. Àwọn ìṣirò lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tí ó fihàn pé ààrin 10,000 àti 100,000 NMVOCs ló wà nínú afẹ́fẹ́-ìfàmọ́ra, èyí tí ó pọ̀ jùlọ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìfọ́pọ̀ nínú agbègbè àwọn ohun èlò fún bílíọ̀nù tàbí àwọn ohun èlò fún bílíọ̀nù kan <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goldstein|first1=Allen H.|last2=Galbally|first2=Ian E.|date=2007|title=Known and Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=41|issue=5|pages=1514–1521|doi=10.1021/es072476p|pmid=17396635|issn=0013-936X|doi-access=|bibcode=2007EnST...41.1514G}}</ref>kójọpọ̀ àwọn èròjà wọ̀nyí àti àwọn ohun ìní àpapọ̀ wọn rọrùn láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ju àwọn èròjà kọ̀ọ̀kan lọ.
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ NMVOCs ní pàtàkì nítorí ipa wọn lórí ozone afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Ganlin|date=2017|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|url=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuangBrookCrippaJanssens-Maenhout2017">Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017). [[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"]]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''17''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7683–</span>7701. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.7683H 2017ACP....17.7683H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55072182 55072182].</cite></ref> A kì í tú ozone tó wà ní ìpele ilẹ̀ jáde tààrà, ṣùgbọ́n dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó ń ṣẹ̀dá nípasẹ̀ ìṣesí oòrùn pẹ̀lú onírúurú àwọn èròjà míràn tí a tú jáde, títí bí àwọn NMHCs (irú NMVOC kan), methane, erogba monoxide, ati nitrogen oxides.
== Ìtújáde oníná tí ó ń jẹ́ biogenic ==
Ní àwọn agbègbè kan tí kì í ṣe ti ìlú ńlá, àwọn ìtújáde oníṣekúṣe ti NMVOCs pàdé tàbí kí wọ́n ju ìtújáde oníṣekúṣe ti àwọn NMVOC lọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3}}</ref>
=== Àwọn ìtújáde ewéko ===
A ṣírò pé àwọn èròjà NMVOC tó tó ogoji tàbí díẹ̀ ló wà tí wọ́n ń tú jáde láti inú ewéko tí wọ́n sì ń nípa lórí ìṣẹ̀dá afẹ́fẹ́, nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ NMVOC ló máa ń yí padà díẹ̀díẹ̀ tàbí wọn kò ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n tú jáde ní ìwọ̀n gíga sínú afẹ́fẹ́. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref> Àwọn NMVOC pàtàkì tí ó wà ní ojú ọjọ́ yìí ní àwọn èròjà bíi terpenoids, hexenals, alkenes, aldehydes, organic acids, alcohols, ketones, àti alkanes). Àwọn NMVOC wọ̀nyí tí ewéko ń tú jáde ni a lè pín sí orísun gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí ó ti wá láti ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìlànà méje: <ref name=":0" />
* Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú ìṣiṣẹ́ chloroplast
* Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú àwọn àsopọ̀ ààbò pàtàkì
* Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú àwọn ìlànà ààbò tí kò níí ṣe pẹ̀lú àwọn àsopọ pàtàkì fún ààbò
* Awọn itujade ti awọn homonu idagbasoke ọgbin
* Àwọn ìtújáde láti inú ewéko tí a gé àti gbígbẹ
* Àwọn ìtújáde òórùn òdòdó
* Àwọn ìtújáde mìíràn tó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ewéko
Nínú àwọn ìlànà wọ̀nyí, a lóye àwọn ìtújáde tí ó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú chlorophyll àti àwọn ìtújáde láti inú àwọn àsopọ̀ ààbò pàtàkì dé ibi tí a ti lè ṣàlàyé nọ́mbà. Èyí ti yọrí sí àfihàn gbogbo àwọn ìlànà ìtújáde mìíràn (yàtọ̀ sí àwọn ìtújáde tí ó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú chlorophyll) nípa lílo àpẹẹrẹ ìtújáde láti inú àwọn àsopọ̀ ààbò pàtàkì. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=34|issue=12–14|pages=2205–2230|doi=10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|bibcode=2000AtmEn..34.2205G|issn=1352-2310}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref>
=== Àwọn ìtújáde àwọn kòkòrò àrùn ilẹ̀ ===
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ NMVOC ni àwọn ohun tí kòkòrò inú ilẹ̀ (bíi methane, ethane, àti isoprene) ń ṣe. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, nítorí agbára àwọn ohun tí kòkòrò inú ilẹ̀ mìíràn ní láti mú àwọn ohun tí ó para pọ̀ di ara wọn, ilẹ̀ máa ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìfọṣọ fún àwọn NMVOC, èyí tí ó ń mú kí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìṣàn NMVOC láti inú ilẹ̀ kò ṣe pàtàkì.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=34|issue=12–14|pages=2205–2230|doi=10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|bibcode=2000AtmEn..34.2205G|issn=1352-2310}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref>
=== Sísun biomass ===
Sísun biomass, yàtọ̀ sí lílò gẹ́gẹ́ bí epo, ni a kà sí orísun biogenic. A ṣe àwòṣe àwọn ìtújáde wọ̀nyí ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú agbègbè tí a jóná, ìpíndọ́gba biomass tí ó wà lókè ilẹ̀ sí biomass gbogbo, ìwọ̀n ohun èlò organic tí a jóná, àti bí ó ṣe ń ṣiṣẹ́ dáadáa sí jóná. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Guenther|first1=Alex|last2=Hewitt|first2=C. Nicholas|last3=Erickson|first3=David|last4=Fall|first4=Ray|last5=Geron|first5=Chris|last6=Graedel|first6=Tom|last7=Harley|first7=Peter|last8=Klinger|first8=Lee|last9=Lerdau|first9=Manuel|date=1995|title=A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/94JD02950|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres|volume=100|issue=D5|pages=8873–8892|doi=10.1029/94JD02950|bibcode=1995JGR...100.8873G|issn=2156-2202}}</ref>
Àkójọpọ̀ kẹ́míkà tí àwọn ìtújáde láti inú ìjóná biomass yàtọ̀ síra ní oríṣiríṣi ìpele ìjóná, ṣùgbọ́n àpapọ̀ àwọn NMVOC tí a tú jáde láti inú ìjóná ni a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ 4.5 giramu ti Erogba fún kìlógíráàmù kan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Guenther|first=A|date=2000|title=Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=34|issue=12–14|pages=2205–2230|doi=10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|bibcode=2000AtmEn..34.2205G|issn=1352-2310}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuenther2000">Guenther, A (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3 "Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America"]. ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''34''' (<span class="nowrap">12–</span>14): <span class="nowrap">2205–</span>2230. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34.2205G 2000AtmEn..34.2205G]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3|10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55449924 55449924].</cite></ref> Àwọn NMVOC pàtàkì tí a tú jáde láti inú ìjóná ni ethane, propane, propene, àti acetylene . <ref name=":0" />
=== Àwọn orísun Jioloji ===
Àwọn orísun pàtàkì tí ó ń fa àwọn NMVOC ní nínú ìbúgbà àti ìyọ omi tí ó ń jáde láti inú gáàsì àdánidá.
Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ òfúrufú máa ń yọrí sí ìtújáde ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn NMVOC, ṣùgbọ́n ní ìwọ̀n tí kò ṣe pàtàkì. A fojú díwọ̀n pé ìtújáde gáàsì àdánidá yóò yọrí sí ìtújáde tó tó nǹkan bí 0.06 o 2.6 μg m <sup>−2</sup> h <sup>−1</sup> . <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lamb|first1=Brian|last2=Guenther|first2=Alex|last3=Gay|first3=David|last4=Westberg|first4=Hal|date=1987|title=A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90108-9|journal=Atmospheric Environment|volume=21|issue=8|pages=1695–1705|doi=10.1016/0004-6981(87)90108-9|bibcode=1987AtmEn..21.1695L|issn=0004-6981}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtújáde ènìyàn ==
Nínú Àkójọ Ìwádìí Afẹ́fẹ́ Àgbáyé ti Yúróòpù (EDGAR), a pín àwọn orísun NMVOC tí ó jẹ́ ti ènìyàn sí àwọn ẹ̀ka wọ̀nyí: <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=Ganlin|last2=Brook|first2=Rosie|last3=Crippa|first3=Monica|last4=Janssens-Maenhout|first4=Greet|last5=Schieberle|first5=Christian|last6=Dore|first6=Chris|last7=Guizzardi|first7=Diego|last8=Muntean|first8=Marilena|last9=Schaaf|first9=Edwin|date=2017|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=17|issue=12|pages=7683–7701|doi=10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|issn=1680-7324|url=free|bibcode=2017ACP....17.7683H}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuangBrookCrippaJanssens-Maenhout2017">Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017). [[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"]]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''17''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7683–</span>7701. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.7683H 2017ACP....17.7683H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55072182 55072182].</cite></ref>
# Ìṣẹ̀dá agbára
# Igbóná fún iṣẹ́-ẹ̀rọ
# Agbára fún àwọn ilé
# Gbigbe ọna
# Ile-iṣẹ Iyipada
# Àwọn ìtújáde tí ń sá lọ láti inú lílo epo rọ̀bì
# Àwọn ìtújáde láti àwọn ìlànà ìṣelọ́pọ́
# Àwọn Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìsọ epo
# Sísun ìdọ̀tí oko
# Gbigbe ọkọ
# Ọkọ̀ ojú irin, àwọn òpópónà omi, àti ìrìnnà ọkọ̀ ojú irin tí kò sí ní ojú ọ̀nà
# Iná epo fossil
# Egbin lile ati omi idọti
# Ọkọ̀ òfúrufú
EDGAR ṣe àyẹ̀wò pé ní ọdún 2015, iye NMVOCS láti àwọn ẹ̀ka mẹ́fà tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jùlọ (iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, ilé iṣẹ́ agbára, ìdọ̀tí, ilé, ìrìnnà, àti àwọn iná ilé iṣẹ́ míràn) jẹ́ 1.2*10 <sup>8</sup> tọ́ọ̀nù. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Crippa|first1=Monica|last2=Janssens-Maenhout|first2=Greet|last3=Dentener|first3=Frank|last4=Guizzardi|first4=Diego|last5=Sindelarova|first5=Katerina|last6=Muntean|first6=Marilena|last7=Van Dingenen|first7=Rita|last8=Granier|first8=Claire|date=2016|title=Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts|url=free|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=16|issue=6|pages=3825–3841|doi=10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016|issn=1680-7324|bibcode=2016ACP....16.3825C}}</ref> Ẹ̀ka náà ni ó pèsè àwọn ìtújáde tí a ròyìn gẹ́gẹ́ bí àtẹ̀lé yìí:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Àwọn ìtújáde NMVOC láti ọwọ́ Ẹ̀ka <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Crippa|first=Monica|date=2016|title=Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts|url=free|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=16|issue=6|pages=3825–3841|doi=10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016|issn=1680-7324|bibcode=2016ACP....16.3825C}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCrippaJanssens-MaenhoutDentenerGuizzardi2016">Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Dentener, Frank; Guizzardi, Diego; Sindelarova, Katerina; Muntean, Marilena; Van Dingenen, Rita; Granier, Claire (2016). [https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/3825/2016/ "Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts"]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''16''' (6): <span class="nowrap">3825–</span>3841. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.3825C 2016ACP....16.3825C]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016|10.5194/acp-16-3825-2016]]</span>. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002A-5884-0|11858/00-001M-0000-002A-5884-0]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324].</cite></ref>
! Ẹ̀ka
! Àwọn ìtújáde NMVOC (tón)
|-
| Ogbin
| 9,450,016.04
|-
| Ilé Iṣẹ́ Agbára
| 856,907.07
|-
| Ẹ̀gbin
| 3,066,094.19
|-
| Àwọn ilé
| 24,948,773.51
|-
| Ìrìnnà
| 32,729,144.19
|-
| Sísun Ilé Iṣẹ́ Míràn
| 48,505,685.26
|}
Àwọn ìtújáde NMVOC kárí ayé láti orísun ènìyàn ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní àkókò díẹ̀, pẹ̀lú iye ìtújáde tí ó ń pọ̀ sí i láti 119,000kt sí 169,000kt láàárín ọdún 1970 àti 2010. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Ganlin|date=2017|title=Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012|journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics|volume=17|issue=12|pages=7683–7701|doi=10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|issn=1680-7324|url=free|bibcode=2017ACP....17.7683H}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuangBrookCrippaJanssens-Maenhout2017">Huang, Ganlin; Brook, Rosie; Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Schieberle, Christian; Dore, Chris; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Schaaf, Edwin; Friedrich, Rainer (2017). [[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|"Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set for 1970–2012"]]. ''Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics''. '''17''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7683–</span>7701. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.7683H 2017ACP....17.7683H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017|10.5194/acp-17-7683-2017]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1680-7324 1680-7324]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55072182 55072182].</cite></ref> Ní agbègbè, àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ yàtọ̀ síra, pẹ̀lú Amẹ́ríkà àti Yúróòpù tí ń dín ìtújáde wọn kù ní àkókò kan náà, nígbà tí Áfíríkà àti Éṣíà mú ìtújáde NMVOC wọn pọ̀ sí i ní àsìkò yìí. <ref name=":1" /> Ìdínkù nínú ìtújáde láti Amẹ́ríkà àti Yúróòpù jẹ́ nítorí lílo epo èéfín aláwọ̀ ewé fún ìrìnnà àti ìyípadà àwọn ìwọ̀n ìtújáde. <ref name=":1" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
33punemzf2brq6w27en3t7qwi9pdpj9
Ọlá mobile ìgbọnsẹ
0
80380
622277
2026-06-13T18:18:33Z
ToluT15
33915
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357458399|Dignified Mobile Toilets]]"
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[[Fáìlì:A_set_of_Mobile_toilets.jpg|alt=image of Mobile Toilet|thumb|Ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ Alágbékalẹ̀]]
Ilé ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ alágbéka '''tí a mọ̀ sí Dignified Mobile Toilets''' ( '''DMT''' ) jẹ́ ètò ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ gbogbogbòò tí a ṣẹ̀dá ní ọdún 1992 láti ọwọ́ Isaac Durojaiye <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 22, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=24nCAAAAIAAJ&q=dmt+toilets+lagos|title=Even here, even now: inspiring stories, lessons, and smart advice from 12 leading entrepreneurs and visionaries in Nigeria|last1=Adeniyi Adekunle|last2=Olakunle Kasumu}}</ref> A mọ̀ ọ́n pẹ̀lú àkọlé náà “ ''iṣẹ́ àṣekára ni iṣẹ́ àṣekára!'' ”; <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/toilets/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=May 5, 2016|last1=Kofoworola Bello Issue|title=Toilets!|journal=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ ní Nàìjíríà, tí a kọ́kọ́ ronú nípa rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ojútùú sí fífún ènìyàn ní ìtùnú nígbà àwọn àríyá òde, àwọn ayẹyẹ àti àwọn àpèjọ àwùjọ mìíràn. Wọ́n ń ṣe àwọn ilé ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ alágbéka ní Nàìjíríà, wọ́n sì ń yá tàbí tà wọ́n ní Nàìjíríà àti àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà. Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dá a sílẹ̀, DMT fẹ́ dín àìtó ilé ìgbọ̀nsẹ̀ gbogbogbòò kù àti láti mú kí ìmọ́tótó sunwọ̀n síi, pàápàá jùlọ láàrín àwọn olùgbé ìlú Èkó. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/index.php/feature/11068-toilets-in-nigeria-iii-thinking-of-bio-gas|journal=[[Daily Trust]]|title=Toilets in Nigeria (III)Thinking of bio gas|date=November 28, 2013|archivedate=May 1, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6133556.stm|title=Answering the call of nature in Lagos|date=November 16, 2006|journal=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCElDwAAQBAJ&q=dignified+mobile+toilets+dmt+lagos&pg=PA52|title=Social Entrepreneurship: Managing the Creation of Social Value|last1=Constant Beugré}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneonlineng.com/lucrative-st-individual-profit-lack-toilets/|title=Lucrative s**t! How some individual profit from lack of toilets|date=November 20, 2016|journal=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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qnghrssvs4icev6inku7w9omartg6ho
Lagos State Waste Management Authority
0
80381
622280
2026-06-13T18:32:16Z
ToluT15
33915
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357458404|Lagos Waste Management Authority]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox government agency|type=Department|logo=|logo_width=|logo_caption=|seal=|seal_width=|seal_caption=|formed=1991|superseding=|jurisdiction=[[Government of Lagos State]]|headquarters=No. 3 Iddo - Yard, [[Ijora]] Olopa, [[Lagos State]].|website={{Official URL}}|footnotes=|chief1_name=Dr. Muyiwa Gbadegesin|chief1_position=[[Managing Director]]|chief2_name=|chief2_position=|chief3_name=|chief3_position=|chief6_name=|chief6_position=|chief7_name=|chief7_position=|chief8_name=|chief8_position=|chief9_name=|chief9_position=|parent_department=}}'''Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Lagos (''' LAWMA ''')''' jẹ́ apa kan ti ijọba ipinlẹ Eko ti o ni iduro fun iṣakoso awọn egbin ti a n ṣe ni ipinlẹ Eko nipasẹ eto gbigba egbin, gbigbe ati idasonu. Ero ti Lagos Waste Management Authority ni lati mu ayika dara si pẹlu ipa ti aṣeyọri iyipada rere ati pataki ninu awọn ipo igbesi aye nipa ilera ati imototo. '''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fhDpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA813|title=Smart Economy in Smart Cities: International Collaborative Research: Ottawa, St.Louis, Stuttgart, Bologna, Cape Town, Nairobi, Dakar, Lagos, New Delhi, Varanasi, Vijayawada, Kozhikode, Hong Kong (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)|last1=T. M. Vinod Kumar|date=25 August 2016}}</ref>''' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos Waste Management Authority Archives|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/lagos-waste-management-authority/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|journal=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
[[Fáìlì:Wikipedia_walkout_005.jpg|thumb]]
Wọ́n gbé Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìsọdọ̀pọ̀ Ohun Èlò Ìdọ̀tí ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó (LSRDB) kalẹ̀ lábẹ́ Òfin Nọ́mbà kesan ti ọdún 1977, èyí tí ó jẹ́ irú rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà.. Wọ́n fún Ìgbìmọ̀ náà ní ẹrù iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó àyíká àti gbígba àwọn ohun èlò ìdọ̀tí ilé àti pípa wọn mọ́ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó.
Wọ́n yí orúkọ ìgbìmọ̀ náà padà sí Àjọ Ìṣàkóso egbin ti Ìpínlẹ̀ aláṣẹ Ìṣàkóso Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó nípasẹ̀ ìgbékalẹ̀ Òfin tuntun kan – Òfin Nọ́mbà 55 ti ọdún 1991, èyí tí ó fún Àjọ náà ní àwọn ẹrù iṣẹ́ afikún fún gbígbà àti pípa àwọn egbin ìlú àti ilé iṣẹ́ run àti pípèsè iṣẹ́ ìdọ̀tí ìṣòwò fún Ìpínlẹ̀ àti Ìpínlẹ̀ Ìpínlẹ̀ ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Lagos.
Igbimọ naa ti yipada lati ọdun diẹ si ile-iṣẹ ti a mọ loni si Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) nipasẹ ofin LAWMA ti ọdun 2007, o si ni awọn ojuse afikun lati iṣakoso awọn ṣiṣan egbin ti iṣowo, ile-iṣẹ, ati iṣoogun, mimọ opopona, mimọ awọn omi ati awọn ibi omi miiran, si ikole ati iparun iṣakoso egbin, laarin awọn miiran. LAWMA n ṣiṣẹ pọ pẹlu Ile-iṣẹ Ayika ti Ipinle Eko o si ti bẹrẹ awọn atunṣe nipa gbigba awọn owo egbin ati pe o tun ni ero lati mu atunlo egbin pọ si. <ref name="thisday" />
Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Lagos (LAWMA) ti rọ àwọn olùgbé láti gba àṣà àtúnlo àwọn ohun ìdọ̀tí. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-07-23|title=LAWMA wants Lagos residents to embrace recycling|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/lawma-wants-lagos-residents-to-embrace-recycling/|access-date=2022-03-22|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2020, Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Lagos (LAWMA) ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kan láti pèsè ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára, ìlọ́wọ́sí tó yẹ, àti ìmọ́lára tó yẹ láti ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti ṣe ìpinnu ìṣàkóso egbin ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà.
== Àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ==
[[Fáìlì:LAWMA_at_work_in_Ojota,_Lagos.jpg|thumb|LAWMA n ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ojota, Èkó]]
# Ní ọdún 2011, GMI fún LAWMA ní owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn ìwádìí tí wọ́n ṣe àyẹ̀wò bí a ṣe lè gba epo ìdọ̀tí láti Abule Egba àti Solous Landfills. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àwárí wọn, LAWMA ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ iṣẹ́ agbára epo ìdọ̀tí fún àwọn olùgbé agbègbè náà, èyí tí ó jẹ́ orísun iná mànàmáná tí ó ṣeé gbẹ́kẹ̀lé.
# Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2020, LAWMA ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ LAWMA . Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ LAWMA ń fúnni ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé-ẹ̀rí nínú ìṣàkóso egbin àti àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a gbé kalẹ̀ láti gbé àwọn ìlànà ìtọ́jú egbin dínkù, àtúnlò àti àtúnlò lárugẹ .
# Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Èkó (LAWMA) ṣe ìdènà àti ìtọ́jú ibi ìdọ̀tí ní Olusosun fún wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógójì ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021. <ref>{{Cite news|title=LAWMA Reopens Olusosun Landfill For Operations - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/11/10/lawma-reopens-olusosun-landfill-for-operations/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ní ọdún 2021, LAWMA ṣe àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Egbin tí a fọwọ́ sí (CIWN) fún fífi àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ tí a fọwọ́ sí kún ìṣàkóso ohun àlùmọ́nì tí ó jẹ́yọ láti inú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ LAWMA Academy àti ilé-iṣẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ nípa àyíká kan ní London UK, tí a ń pè ní SafeEnviro. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Academy partners firm for certification courses|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/academy-partners-firm-for-certification-courses/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2021, Gómìnà Babajide Sanwo-Olu ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó ti parí ètò láti fi àwọn ọkọ̀ tuntun méjìlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún (102) tí wọ́n ṣe ní agbègbè kún ilé iṣẹ́ ìtọ́jú ìdọ̀tí ìpínlẹ̀ náà (LAWMA), èyí sì jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ pàtàkì sí ìlú Èkó tí ó mọ́ tónítóní. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Waste magt: Sanwo-Olu set to launch 102 trucks to boost LAWMA fleet|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/waste-magt-sanwo-olu-sets-to-launch-102-trucks-to-boosts-lawma-fleet/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
# LAWMA ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ ìmọ́tótó àgbáyé ní etíkun Ilashe/Ibeshe ní ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2021, wọ́n sì lo ayẹyẹ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti fi jẹ́ kí àwọn olùgbé mọ̀ nípa ojúṣe wọn sí àyíká àti láti mú kí àwọn ọ̀nà omi mọ́.
# Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kejì ọdún 2022, LAWMA bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pa àwọn ibi ìdọ̀tí run ní gbogbo ìpínlẹ̀ náà, bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ibi ìdọ̀tí Igando Solous gẹ́gẹ́ bí ètò fún ibi ìdọ̀tí tó mọ́ tónítóní ní Lagos. <ref>{{Cite news|title=LAWMA begins fumigation of landfills - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/02/14/lawma-begins-fumigation-of-landfills/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=LAWMA intensifies fumigation of landfills in Lagos|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/lawma-intensifies-fumigation-of-landfills-in-lagos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos begins dumpsite fumigation, targets residents' safety - Punch Newspapers Lagos begins dumpsite fumigation, targets residents' safety|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-begins-dumpsite-fumigation-targets-residents-safety/|access-date=2022-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Babajide Sanwo-Olu ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ètò kan fún ilé ìtọ́jú tó mọ́ tónítóní ní Èkó tí wọ́n pè ní "Adopt-a-Bin". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sanwo-Olu launches ‘Adopt-a-Bin’ for cleaner Lagos|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/sanwo-olu-launches-adopt-a-bin-for-cleaner-lagos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ìjọba Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó nípasẹ̀ LAWMA pín àwọn àpótí ìdọ̀tí tó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin (40,000) láti ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti tún lò ó. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos distributes 40,000 waste bins to aid recycling|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/lagos-distributes-40000-waste-bins-to-aid-recycling/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Awọn ipa ati ipa lori awujo ==
Lawma n ṣakoso ikojọpọ awọn egbin ojoojumọ lati inu ile, awọn ile-iṣẹ ati aaye gbogbogbo kọja awọn agbegbe.
Lawma ń kópa nínú gbígbé àti àtúnlo àwọn ìdọ̀tí nípasẹ̀ onírúurú ètò.
Lawma ní ẹgbẹ́ olùṣàkóso tí ó ń fi òfin ìmọ́tótó àti àyíká múlẹ̀, tí ó sì tún ń fi owó ìtanràn lé àwọn tí kò tẹ̀lé òfin náà lọ́wọ́.
Iṣẹ́ Lawma ti ṣe alabapin si mimọ ati ilera awọn opopona/oju opopona, dinku egbin ni aaye gbogbogbo ati ṣiṣẹda imọ nipa iduroṣinṣin ayika ni Eko ni gbogbogbo.
== Wo tun ==
* Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àyíká àti Àwọn Ohun Àlùmọ́nì Omi ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó
* Ìgbìmọ̀ àwọn aláṣẹ ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó
{{Clear}}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* {{Official website|https://www.lawma.gov.ng/}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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{{Infobox government agency|type=Department|logo=|logo_width=|logo_caption=|seal=|seal_width=|seal_caption=|formed=1991|superseding=|jurisdiction=[[Government of Lagos State]]|headquarters=No. 3 Iddo - Yard, [[Ijora]] Olopa, [[Lagos State]].|website={{Official URL}}|footnotes=|chief1_name=Dr. Muyiwa Gbadegesin|chief1_position=[[Managing Director]]|chief2_name=|chief2_position=|chief3_name=|chief3_position=|chief6_name=|chief6_position=|chief7_name=|chief7_position=|chief8_name=|chief8_position=|chief9_name=|chief9_position=|parent_department=}}'''Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Lagos (''' LAWMA ''')''' jẹ́ apa kan ti ijọba ipinlẹ Eko ti o ni iduro fun iṣakoso awọn egbin ti a n ṣe ni ipinlẹ Eko nipasẹ eto gbigba egbin, gbigbe ati idasonu. Ero ti Lagos Waste Management Authority ni lati mu ayika dara si pẹlu ipa ti aṣeyọri iyipada rere ati pataki ninu awọn ipo igbesi aye nipa ilera ati imototo. '''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fhDpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA813|title=Smart Economy in Smart Cities: International Collaborative Research: Ottawa, St.Louis, Stuttgart, Bologna, Cape Town, Nairobi, Dakar, Lagos, New Delhi, Varanasi, Vijayawada, Kozhikode, Hong Kong (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)|last1=T. M. Vinod Kumar|date=25 August 2016}}</ref>''' <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos Waste Management Authority Archives|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/lagos-waste-management-authority/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|journal=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>
== Ìtàn ==
[[Fáìlì:Wikipedia_walkout_005.jpg|thumb]]
Wọ́n gbé Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìsọdọ̀pọ̀ Ohun Èlò Ìdọ̀tí ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó (LSRDB) kalẹ̀ lábẹ́ Òfin Nọ́mbà kesan ti ọdún 1977, èyí tí ó jẹ́ irú rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà.. Wọ́n fún Ìgbìmọ̀ náà ní ẹrù iṣẹ́ ìmọ́tótó àyíká àti gbígba àwọn ohun èlò ìdọ̀tí ilé àti pípa wọn mọ́ ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó.
Wọ́n yí orúkọ ìgbìmọ̀ náà padà sí Àjọ Ìṣàkóso egbin ti Ìpínlẹ̀ aláṣẹ Ìṣàkóso Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó nípasẹ̀ ìgbékalẹ̀ Òfin tuntun kan – Òfin Nọ́mbà 55 ti ọdún 1991, èyí tí ó fún Àjọ náà ní àwọn ẹrù iṣẹ́ afikún fún gbígbà àti pípa àwọn egbin ìlú àti ilé iṣẹ́ run àti pípèsè iṣẹ́ ìdọ̀tí ìṣòwò fún Ìpínlẹ̀ àti Ìpínlẹ̀ Ìpínlẹ̀ ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Lagos.
Igbimọ naa ti yipada lati ọdun diẹ si ile-iṣẹ ti a mọ loni si Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) nipasẹ ofin LAWMA ti ọdun 2007, o si ni awọn ojuse afikun lati iṣakoso awọn ṣiṣan egbin ti iṣowo, ile-iṣẹ, ati iṣoogun, mimọ opopona, mimọ awọn omi ati awọn ibi omi miiran, si ikole ati iparun iṣakoso egbin, laarin awọn miiran. LAWMA n ṣiṣẹ pọ pẹlu Ile-iṣẹ Ayika ti Ipinle Eko o si ti bẹrẹ awọn atunṣe nipa gbigba awọn owo egbin ati pe o tun ni ero lati mu atunlo egbin pọ si. <ref name="thisday" />
Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Lagos (LAWMA) ti rọ àwọn olùgbé láti gba àṣà àtúnlo àwọn ohun ìdọ̀tí. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-07-23|title=LAWMA wants Lagos residents to embrace recycling|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/lawma-wants-lagos-residents-to-embrace-recycling/|access-date=2022-03-22|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 2020, Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Lagos (LAWMA) ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kan láti pèsè ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára, ìlọ́wọ́sí tó yẹ, àti ìmọ́lára tó yẹ láti ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti ṣe ìpinnu ìṣàkóso egbin ní ìpínlẹ̀ náà.
== Àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ==
[[Fáìlì:LAWMA_at_work_in_Ojota,_Lagos.jpg|thumb|LAWMA n ṣiṣẹ́ ní Ojota, Èkó]]
# Ní ọdún 2011, GMI fún LAWMA ní owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ fún àwọn ìwádìí tí wọ́n ṣe àyẹ̀wò bí a ṣe lè gba epo ìdọ̀tí láti Abule Egba àti Solous Landfills. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àwárí wọn, LAWMA ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ iṣẹ́ agbára epo ìdọ̀tí fún àwọn olùgbé agbègbè náà, èyí tí ó jẹ́ orísun iná mànàmáná tí ó ṣeé gbẹ́kẹ̀lé.
# Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2020, LAWMA ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ LAWMA . Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ LAWMA ń fúnni ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwé-ẹ̀rí nínú ìṣàkóso egbin àti àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a gbé kalẹ̀ láti gbé àwọn ìlànà ìtọ́jú egbin dínkù, àtúnlò àti àtúnlò lárugẹ .
# Àjọ Ìṣàkóso Egbin ní Èkó (LAWMA) ṣe ìdènà àti ìtọ́jú ibi ìdọ̀tí ní Olusosun fún wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógójì ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2021. <ref>{{Cite news|title=LAWMA Reopens Olusosun Landfill For Operations - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/11/10/lawma-reopens-olusosun-landfill-for-operations/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ní ọdún 2021, LAWMA ṣe àjọṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Egbin tí a fọwọ́ sí (CIWN) fún fífi àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ tí a fọwọ́ sí kún ìṣàkóso ohun àlùmọ́nì tí ó jẹ́yọ láti inú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ LAWMA Academy àti ilé-iṣẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ nípa àyíká kan ní London UK, tí a ń pè ní SafeEnviro. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Academy partners firm for certification courses|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/academy-partners-firm-for-certification-courses/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2021, Gómìnà Babajide Sanwo-Olu ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó ti parí ètò láti fi àwọn ọkọ̀ tuntun méjìlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún (102) tí wọ́n ṣe ní agbègbè kún ilé iṣẹ́ ìtọ́jú ìdọ̀tí ìpínlẹ̀ náà (LAWMA), èyí sì jẹ́ ìgbésẹ̀ pàtàkì sí ìlú Èkó tí ó mọ́ tónítóní. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Waste magt: Sanwo-Olu set to launch 102 trucks to boost LAWMA fleet|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/08/waste-magt-sanwo-olu-sets-to-launch-102-trucks-to-boosts-lawma-fleet/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
# LAWMA ṣe ayẹyẹ ọjọ́ ìmọ́tótó àgbáyé ní etíkun Ilashe/Ibeshe ní ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2021, wọ́n sì lo ayẹyẹ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà láti fi jẹ́ kí àwọn olùgbé mọ̀ nípa ojúṣe wọn sí àyíká àti láti mú kí àwọn ọ̀nà omi mọ́.
# Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kejì ọdún 2022, LAWMA bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pa àwọn ibi ìdọ̀tí run ní gbogbo ìpínlẹ̀ náà, bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ibi ìdọ̀tí Igando Solous gẹ́gẹ́ bí ètò fún ibi ìdọ̀tí tó mọ́ tónítóní ní Lagos. <ref>{{Cite news|title=LAWMA begins fumigation of landfills - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/02/14/lawma-begins-fumigation-of-landfills/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=LAWMA intensifies fumigation of landfills in Lagos|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/lawma-intensifies-fumigation-of-landfills-in-lagos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos begins dumpsite fumigation, targets residents' safety - Punch Newspapers Lagos begins dumpsite fumigation, targets residents' safety|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-begins-dumpsite-fumigation-targets-residents-safety/|access-date=2022-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Babajide Sanwo-Olu ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ètò kan fún ilé ìtọ́jú tó mọ́ tónítóní ní Èkó tí wọ́n pè ní "Adopt-a-Bin". <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sanwo-Olu launches ‘Adopt-a-Bin’ for cleaner Lagos|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/sanwo-olu-launches-adopt-a-bin-for-cleaner-lagos/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
# Ìjọba Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó nípasẹ̀ LAWMA pín àwọn àpótí ìdọ̀tí tó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin (40,000) láti ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ láti tún lò ó. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos distributes 40,000 waste bins to aid recycling|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/lagos-distributes-40000-waste-bins-to-aid-recycling/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Awọn ipa ati ipa lori awujo ==
Lawma n ṣakoso ikojọpọ awọn egbin ojoojumọ lati inu ile, awọn ile-iṣẹ ati aaye gbogbogbo kọja awọn agbegbe.
Lawma ń kópa nínú gbígbé àti àtúnlo àwọn ìdọ̀tí nípasẹ̀ onírúurú ètò.
Lawma ní ẹgbẹ́ olùṣàkóso tí ó ń fi òfin ìmọ́tótó àti àyíká múlẹ̀, tí ó sì tún ń fi owó ìtanràn lé àwọn tí kò tẹ̀lé òfin náà lọ́wọ́.
Iṣẹ́ Lawma ti ṣe alabapin si mimọ ati ilera awọn opopona/oju opopona, dinku egbin ni aaye gbogbogbo ati ṣiṣẹda imọ nipa iduroṣinṣin ayika ni Eko ni gbogbogbo.
== Wo tun ==
* Ilé-iṣẹ́ Àyíká àti Àwọn Ohun Àlùmọ́nì Omi ti Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó
* Ìgbìmọ̀ àwọn aláṣẹ ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó
{{Clear}}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* {{Official website|https://www.lawma.gov.ng/}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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Etíkun Suntan, Badagry
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346550731|Suntan Beach, Badagry]]"
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{{Infobox settlement|name=Suntan Beach|native_name=|image_skyline=Suntan beach resort Badagry 03.jpg|image_caption=|subdivision_type=|subdivision_name=[[Badagry]]|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_type2='''Ideal Areas for'''|subdivision_type3=Lifeguards|subdivision_type4=Safety|subdivision_name1=[[Badagry]]|subdivision_name2=[[File:Swimming icon.jpg|25px|alt=Swimming]] Swimming
[[File:Scuba.png|25px|alt=Diving or Snorkeling]] Diving/Snorkeling
[[File:Map icons by Scott de Jonge - surfing.svg|25px|alt=Surfing]] Surfing
[[File:Map icons by Scott de Jonge - wind-surfing.svg|25px|alt=Wind Surfing]] Wind-surfing|subdivision_name3=Available|subdivision_name4=For All Ages|other_name=}}
'''Etíkun Suntan''' ní Badagry, Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, jẹ́ ibi tí ó dákẹ́ jẹ́ẹ́ tí a fi igi àgbọn àti iyanrìn rírọ̀ bò, tí ó ń fúnni ní ojú ọjọ́ ìsinmi tí ó jìnnà sí ìlú tí ó kún fún ìgbòkègbodò. Ibẹ̀ ni àwọn ènìyàn ti máa ń wá láti gbádùn afẹ́fẹ́ òkun, láti rìn kiri ní etíkun, tàbí láti sinmi lásán. Etíkun náà gbajúmọ̀ fún àwọn ìrìn àjò lásán, pẹ̀lú àwọn àlejò tí wọ́n ń ṣeré etíkun, láti gun ẹṣin, tàbí láti jókòó sí ẹ̀bá omi. Àwọn olùtajà agbègbè náà máa ń ta oúnjẹ àti iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ tí a fi ọwọ́ ṣe, èyí sì máa ń fi kún ìrírí ìsinmi. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-09-13|title=Lagos beaches attract revellers|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/lagos-beaches-attract-revellers/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-22|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe o dojukọ awọn italaya bii iṣakoso egbin ati ogbara, awọn igbiyanju nigbakan ni a ṣe lati jẹ ki o mọ. Suntan Beach jẹ aaye ayanfẹ fun awọn ti n wa lati gbadun ẹwa adayeba ti eti okun Badagry. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-04-02|title=Easter: Fun seekers flood parks, beaches amid tough times|url=https://punchng.com/easter-fun-seekers-flood-parks-beaches-amid-tough-times/|access-date=2025-02-22|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-04-01|title=Easter: Fun seekers flock Badagry beach despite economic hardship|url=https://gazettengr.com/easter-fun-seekers-flock-badagry-beach-despite-economic-hardship/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-22|newspaper=[[Peoples Gazette]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Àyọkà pẹ̀lú ìjúwe ṣókí]]
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Ìjì líle Haikui (2023)
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353942189|Typhoon Haikui (2023)]]"
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'''Ìjì líle Haikui''', [ nb 1 ] tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì líle Hanna''' ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], ni ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ tí ó kọlu Taiwan láti ìgbà Megi ní ọdún 2016 àti ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ tí ó ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ láti ìgbà Nesat ní ọdún 2017. Ó tún fa òjò líle ní Hong Kong, èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di ìjì líle tí ó rọ̀ jùlọ ní agbègbè náà. Ìjì líle koko kọkànlá àti ìjì líle kẹjọ ti àkókò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 2023, Haikui bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè tí ó ní ìfúnpá kékeré nítòsí [[Àwọn Erékùṣù Apáàríwá Mariana|Northern Mariana Islands]] ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ. Ètò náà le sí i di ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kejì, a sì pe orúkọ rẹ̀ ní ''Haikui'' láti ọwọ́ Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), pẹ̀lú Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) lẹ́yìn náà ní kété lẹ́yìn náà; PAGASA wá pe ètò kan náà ní ''Hanna'' nígbà tí ó wọ agbègbè tí wọ́n ń ṣàkóso Philippines . Ní àwọn ọjọ́ tí ó tẹ̀lé e, Haikui dé agbára ìjì líle tí ó sì di ìjì líle, kí ó tó dé ibi tí ó sún mọ́ Taitung City, Taiwan ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kẹsàn-án.
Àwọn ìyókù Haikui fa òjò líle ní Hong Kong bí ó ṣe dúró lórí Pearl River Delta, èyí sì mú kí òjò dúdú jáde fún wákàtí mẹ́rìndínlógún, èyí tó pẹ́ jùlọ láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe ètò ìkìlọ̀ òjò ní ọdún 1992. Haikui tún mú kí òjò ṣúǹbù gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Philippines pọ̀ sí i, èyí sì fa òjò ńlá ní Luzon. Ní gbogbogbòò, Haikui fa [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|US$]] 2.33 iye owo billion ti awọn ibajẹ jakejado ija rẹ.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Haikui 2023 path.png|colors=new|align=left}}Nígbà tí ìjì líle Saola ń fi ìyípadà kan hàn ní ìlà-oòrùn Philippines, agbègbè tuntun kan tí ó ní ìfúnpá díẹ̀ di ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ nítòsí àwọn erékùṣù Northern Mariana. Ìjì líle náà, tí ó ń lọ díẹ̀díẹ̀ sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ni JMA gbé kalẹ̀ sí ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹjọ, ó sì sọ ọ́ ní ''Haikui'' . JTWC bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba àwọn ìmọ̀ràn lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n sì pè é ní ''10W'' . Lẹ́yìn náà, Haikui di alágbára sí ẹ̀ka ìjì líle ní ìṣẹ́jú díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, Haikui ṣí lọ sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ó sì wọ inú agbègbè Philippines tí wọ́n ti ń ṣe iṣẹ́ ní nǹkan bí agogo mọ́kànlélógún òwúrọ̀ (13:00 UTC) ó sì yára sọ orúkọ ìdílé náà ní ''Hanna'' .
Lẹ́yìn náà, Haikui dúró ní ipò ìjì líle koko rẹ̀ fún bí ọjọ́ kan, ó ń rìn lọ sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn ní gbogbogbòò ní Òkun Philippines, kí ó tó dé ipò ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹsàn-án. Lẹ́yìn náà, Haikui tẹ̀síwájú sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn lórí Òkun Philippine pẹ̀lú ìyípadà díẹ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tó yá, ó di ìjì líle tó dọ́gba pẹ̀lú Ẹ̀ka 2 ní ọjọ́ kan lẹ́yìn náà. Nígbà tó yá, Haikui di alágbára kíákíá sí ìjì líle ti Ẹ̀ka 3 kí ó tó dé ilẹ̀ Taitung County, [[Taiwan]], ó di ìjì àkọ́kọ́ tó kọlu Taiwan ní ilẹ̀ Taiwan fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún mẹ́rin lẹ́yìn ìjì líle koko Bailu (Ineng), àti ìjì líle ti Ẹ̀ka 3+ àkọ́kọ́ tó kọlu erékùsù náà láti ìgbà ìjì líle Megi (Helen) ní ọdún 2016. Ìkọlù láàárín Ìjì líle Haikui àti àwọn òkè ńlá ti Taiwan ba ìṣètò ìjì náà jẹ́ gidigidi, ó sì mú kí ó bàjẹ́ padà sí ìjì líle ti Ẹ̀ka 1 nígbà tí ó jáde kúrò ní ilẹ̀ erékùsù náà ní alẹ́. Lẹ́yìn náà, Haikui rìn lọ́nà tí kò tọ́ láàárín wákàtí díẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e, ó lọ sí ìlà-oòrùn, ó sì tún padà dé ilẹ̀ kejì ní Kaohsiung, [[Taiwan]] . Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹsàn-án, ìjì líle Haikui dé ilẹ̀ kẹta àti ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ ní etíkun Dongshan County, Fujian gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle tí kò lágbára. <ref>{{Cite news|title=台风"海葵"登陆福建东山|url=http://www.news.cn/local/2023-09/05/c_1129845409.htm|access-date=2023-09-05|language=zh-cn}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
=== Philippines ===
Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kò rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Philippines, Typhoon Haikui (tí a mọ̀ sí Hanna ní agbègbè náà) mú kí òjò ìrọ̀lẹ́ gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú Typhoon Saola àti Tropical Storm Storm Storm Kirogi, èyí tó fa òjò líle àti afẹ́fẹ́ líle ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè pàápàá jùlọ ní Luzon, tó sì fa ikú ẹnìkan. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-09-12}}</ref> Wọ́n dá àwọn kíláàsì dúró ní àwọn agbègbè kan pẹ̀lú Metro Manila ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹsàn-án lẹ́yìn ìjì mẹ́ta tó mú òjò líle àti afẹ́fẹ́ líle jákèjádò orílẹ̀-èdè náà. {{Clear}}
=== Taiwan ===
[[Fáìlì:Haikui_2023-09-02_2330Z_-_2023-09-03_0740Z.gif|right|thumb|Ìjì líle Haikui ń tàn kálẹ̀ ní etíkun ìlà-oòrùn Taiwan kí ó tó dé ilẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kẹsàn-án.]]
Kí ìjì líle tó dé, àwọn ènìyàn 8,000 ni wọ́n kó kúrò ní erékùsù náà, pàápàá jùlọ láti àwọn agbègbè olókè tí ó lè máa ya ilẹ̀.
Bí Haikui ṣe ń rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Taiwan, òjò ńlá àti afẹ́fẹ́ líle koko mú kí ó rọ̀. Ó sọ ilé 110,000 di aláìní iná. Ènìyàn méjì farapa díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí igi kan wó lu ọkọ̀ akẹ́rù kan ní Hualien . Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé a kò gbọ́ pé wọ́n ti kú, àwọn apá kan ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní ìkún omi, wọ́n wó igi lulẹ̀, wọ́n sì ń rọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí Haikui tún rọ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́ẹ̀kejì. Àwọn ilé tó lé ní 217,000 ló pàdánù iná mànàmáná ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìjì líle náà. Haikui yọrí sí àdánù [[Dọ́là Titun Taiwan|iṣẹ́]] àgbẹ̀ tó tó 600 mílíọ̀nù (US$18.2 mílíọ̀nù).
=== Ilẹ̀ Àárín Gbùngbùn Ṣáínà ===
Ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹsàn-án, ìjì líle Haikui gúnlẹ̀ sí etíkun Dongshan County, Fujian . <ref>{{Cite news|title=台风"海葵"登陆福建东山|url=http://www.news.cn/local/2023-09/05/c_1129845409.htm|access-date=2023-09-07|language=zh-cn}}</ref> Òjò líle kan rọ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè etíkun Fujian, <ref>{{Cite news|title="海葵"台风给多地带来强降水 今天福建仍有暴雨到大暴雨|url=http://fj.cma.gov.cn/xwzx/qxyw/202309/t20230905_5756031.html|access-date=2023-09-07|language=zh-cn}}</ref> ó sì fa ikú àwọn oníná méjì. Àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé ní Fujian jẹ́ [[Renminbi|¥]] 5 bilionu (US$683) mílíọ̀nù). <ref>{{Cite news|title=福州消防车颱风出勤遇山洪冲走 寻获8人已2死、另1人失踪 - 两岸|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/cn/realtimenews/20230905005702-260409?chdtv|access-date=2023-09-07|language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref> Àpapọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ ní China dé 15.83 billion yuan (US$2.31 billion). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2024-01-31}}</ref>
Wọ́n ti dá ìrìnàjò ilẹ̀ àti òkun dúró ní Guangdong àti Huizhou nítorí ìkún omi tó gbòòrò àti ìdènà ìjì líle. Wọ́n tún ti dá àwọn kíláàsì dúró ní àwọn ìlú Shantou àti Chaozhou . {{Clear}}
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
{{Wettest tropical cyclones in Hong Kong|align=right}}{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
Eto titẹ kekere ti o ni nkan ṣe pẹlu Haikui fa ikun omi ni Hong Kong lati Oṣu Kẹsan ọjọ 7 si Oṣu Kẹsan ọjọ 8. Ni Oṣu Kẹsan ọjọ 7, Sha Tau Kok ni Agbegbe Ariwa ti ṣe igbasilẹ diẹ sii ju {{Convert|70|mm|inch}} òjò ní agogo méje ìrọ̀lẹ́, èyí tí Hong Kong Observatory fi ìkìlọ̀ ìkún omi hàn fún Northern New Territories ní agogo méje àti ààbọ̀ ìrọ̀lẹ́. Òjò líle tàn ká gbogbo ìlú náà, ilé iṣẹ́ ojú ọjọ́ sì fi àmì ìjì òjò Amber hàn, èyí tí wọ́n ṣe àtúnṣe sí àmì pupa láàárín wákàtí kan. Ní agogo mọ́kànlá àti ìṣẹ́jú márùn-ún ìrọ̀lẹ́, wọ́n fi àmì ìkìlọ̀ tó ga jùlọ, àmì ìjì òjò dúdú, hàn nítorí pé àwọn ipò tó ń burú sí i ń burú sí i. Ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ni wọ́n fi ìkìlọ̀ náà jáde láàárín ọdún méjì. Ó fa ikú mẹ́ta.
Òjò líle náà ń rọ̀ ní alẹ́ kan títí di òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹsàn-án, ó sì ń dínkù díẹ̀díẹ̀ ní ọ̀sán. Àmì ìjì òjò dúdú náà pẹ́ tó ju wákàtí mẹ́rìndínlógún lọ, èyí tó pẹ́ jùlọ láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣe ètò ìkìlọ̀ ìjì òjò ní ọdún 1992. Olú ilé iṣẹ́ HKO kó jọ ju {{Convert|632|mm|inch}} òjò láàrín wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún, ìwọ̀n òjò tó rọ̀ fún wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún ló tẹ̀lé àkọsílẹ̀ tó wà ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1889. Èyí tún mú kí ìjì líle Haikui jẹ́ ìjì tó rọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìtàn Hong Kong, tó sì rú àkọsílẹ̀ ìjì líle tó burú jáì Sam ní ọdún 1999. Ní àkókò kan náà, àwọn apá kan ní erékùsù Hong Kong, títí kan Stanley, Chai Wan, Shau Kei Wan àti North Point kó jọ ju {{Convert|800|mm|inch}} òjò láàárín wákàtí méjìlá péré, agbègbè tó yí Tai Tam ká kó jọ ju {{Convert|900|mm|inch}} . Àpapọ̀ àdánù ọrọ̀ ajé jẹ́ HK$1.74 billion (US$223 million).
== Ifẹyinti ==
Nítorí ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ tó ṣe ní orílẹ̀-èdè China, Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìjì líle kéde pé orúkọ ''Haikui'', pẹ̀lú àwọn méjì mìíràn, ni a óò yọ kúrò nínú àkójọ orúkọ wọn, a kò sì ní lò ó mọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí orúkọ ìjì líle mọ́. <ref>{{Cite report|url=https://www.typhooncommittee.org/56th/docs/final/TC56_FINAL.pdf|title=56th ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Session Report|access-date=August 21, 2024}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2025, a fi ''Tianma'' rọ́pò orúkọ náà, èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí ẹṣin oníyẹ́ apá ìtàn àròsọ ní èdè Mandarin. <ref>{{Cite report|url=https://www.typhooncommittee.org/57th/docs/final/TC57_FINAL.pdf|title=57th ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Session Report}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
* Oju ojo ti ọdun 2023
* Àwọn ìjì ojú ọjọ́ olóoru ní ọdún 2023
* Ìjì líle Bilis (2000)
* Ìjì líle Talim (2005)
* Typhoon Longwang (2005)
* Ìjì líle Morakot (2009)
* Ìjì líle Fanapi (2010)
* Ìjì líle Soulik (2013)
* Ìjì líle Soudelor (2015)
* Typhoon Dujuan (2015)
* Ìjì líle Megi (2016)
* Ìjì líle Nesat (2017)
* Ìjì líle Koinu (2023) – Ìjì líle mìíràn tó rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Taiwan ní oṣù kan lẹ́yìn Haikui
* Ìjì líle Gaemi (2024) – Ìjì líle kan tó dúró ní etíkun tó sì rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní irú agbára kan náà bíi ti Haikui
* Ìjì líle Danas (2025) – Ó ní irú orin kan náà bíi ti Haikui.
* Ìjì líle Podul (2025)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Commonscat}}{{2023 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
{{Retired Pacific typhoon names}}
* [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/202311.html.en Ìròyìn Gbogbogbò] nípa Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Haikui (2311) láti inú Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Oní-nọ́ńbà
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T2311.png Dáta Orin JMA Tó Dáa Jùlọ (Àwòrán)] ti Ìjì Typhoon Haikui (2311)
* [https://www.data.jma.go.jp/yoho/data/typhoon/T2311.pdf Dáta Orin JMA Tó Dáa Jùlọ] (PDF) ti Typhoon Haikui (2311) (ní èdè Japanese)
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
6ssdbzr2ynd2kgwtxwkywb3krtbv35l
Oju ojo Phoenix
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2026-06-14T04:29:16Z
Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348554351|Climate of Phoenix]]"
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{{Climate chart|Phoenix|46.0|67.6|0.87|49.0|70.8|0.87|54.5|78.1|0.83|60.8|85.5|0.22|69.5|94.5|0.13|78.6|104.2|0.02|84.5|106.5|0.91|83.6|105.1|0.93|78.1|100.4|0.57|65.6|89.2|0.56|53.7|76.5|0.57|45.3|66.2|0.74|float=left|clear=left|units=imperial}}[[Phoenix]] ní ojúọjọ́ aṣálẹ̀ gbígbóná ( Köppen: ''BWh'' ), <ref name="ViennaKoppen">{{Cite web|archivedate=2009-02-05}}</ref> <ref name="HESKoppen">{{Cite journal|title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification|url=free}}</ref> tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ní aṣálẹ̀ Sonoran, ó sì jẹ́ ìlú títóbi jùlọ ní [[Amẹ́ríkà]] ní agbègbè ojúọjọ́ yìí. Phoenix ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn gígùn, gbígbóná gidigidi àti ìgbà òtútù kúkúrú, tí ó rọrùn. Ìlú náà wà láàárín ọ̀kan lára àwọn agbègbè oòrùn tí ó wọ́ jùlọ ní àgbáyé, pẹ̀lú àkókò oòrùn tí ó wọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú agbègbè [[Sàhárà|Sahara]] . Pẹ̀lú wákàtí 3,872 ti oòrùn dídán lọ́dọọdún, Phoenix gba oòrùn tí ó wọ́pọ̀ jùlọ ju gbogbo ìlú pàtàkì kan ní Ayé lọ. Ìwọ̀n otútù gíga ní àròpín ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ni ó gbóná jùlọ ní gbogbo ìlú pàtàkì ní Amẹ́ríkà. <ref name="Farmers">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 17, 2015}}</ref> Ní àròpín, ọjọ́ 111 ló wà lọ́dọọdún pẹ̀lú gíga tí ó kéré tán {{Convert|100|°F|0}}, pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọjọ́ láti ìparí oṣù Karùn-ún sí ìparí oṣù Kẹsàn-án. Àwọn ibi gíga jùlọ wà ní {{Convert|110|°F|0}} ní àròpín ọjọ́ 21 láàárín ọdún. Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà, ọdún 1990, ìwọ̀n otútù dé ibi gíga jùlọ tí a ti kọ sílẹ̀ rí, èyí tí ó jẹ́ {{Convert|122|°F|0}} .
Ní ọdún 2024, Phoenix-Mesa, AZ, wà ní ipò karùn-ún fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ ozone ní Amẹ́ríkà gẹ́gẹ́ bí American Lung Association ti sọ. Àwọn ìtújáde ọkọ̀ ni a tọ́ka sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun tí ó ń ṣáájú ìṣẹ̀dá ozone. Phoenix tún ní àwọn ìpele gíga ti ìbàjẹ́ patikulu, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àwọn ìlú ńlá ní California ló ń ṣáájú orílẹ̀-èdè náà nínú ewu yìí. PM2.5 patikulu, èyí tí ó jẹ́ apá kan nínú ìtújáde ẹ̀rọ diesel, àti àwọn patikulu PM10 tí ó tóbi jù, tí ó lè wá láti inú eruku, lè dé ìwọ̀n tí ó tó ní Phoenix. Ní tòótọ́, àwọn ènìyàn, àwọn ohun ọ̀sìn, àti àwọn ẹranko mìíràn tí wọ́n fara hàn sí ìwọ̀n gíga ti àwọn patikulu eruku PM10—ní pàtàkì láti inú ìjì eruku tàbí láti àwọn ibi iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tàbí ìkọ́lé tí ó díjú—wà nínú ewu kíkọlù Valley Fever, àkóràn ẹ̀dọ̀fóró fungal. {{Phoenix weatherbox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Láìdàbí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibi aṣálẹ̀ tí ó ní ìyípadà líle koko láàárín òtútù ọ̀sán àti òru, ipa ooru erékùsù ìlú ń dín ìyàtọ̀ òtútù Phoenix kù ní ọjọ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan . Bí ìlú náà ti ń gbòòrò sí i, ìwọ̀n òtútù ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ti ń pọ̀ sí i ní kíákíá. Pẹpẹ, ọ̀nà ẹlẹ́sẹ̀, àti àwọn ilé ń tọ́jú ooru oòrùn, wọ́n sì ń tàn yòò ní alẹ́. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Insider's Guide: Phoenix & Scottsdale}}</ref> Ìwọ̀n òtútù ojoojúmọ́ tí ó wà ní ìwọ̀n òtútù wà ní ìwọ̀n {{Convert|80|°F|0}} tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. fún àròpín ọjọ́ 74 ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn. Ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Keje, ọdún 2023, Phoenix gbé àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ kalẹ̀ fún ìgbà tí ooru bá gbóná jùlọ lójoojúmọ́, ní {{Convert|97|°F|°C}} . <ref name="NOAA" />
[[Fáìlì:PhoenixDustStorm2.2011.jpg|alt=photo of a dust storm, called a haboob, sweeping in over the city of Phoenix|thumb|Haboob ọdún 2011 kan]]
Ìlú náà ní ìpíndọ́gba ọjọ́ 300 ti oòrùn, tàbí ju 85% ti wákàtí ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ lọ, lọ́dún, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=January 19, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.azcentral.com/relocation/valley101/weather.html|title=Weather in the desert covers the spectrum|access-date=March 20, 2016|archivedate=May 16, 2016}}</ref> ó sì ń rí òjò díẹ̀—àròpọ̀ iye ọdún ní Pápá Òfurufú Àgbáyé ti Phoenix Sky Harbor jẹ́ {{Convert|7.22|in|mm}} . Oju ojo gbigbẹ ati oorun ni agbegbe naa ni a da duro nipasẹ awọn iji Pacific lẹẹkọọkan ni igba otutu ati dide monsoon Ariwa Amerika ni igba ooru. <ref name="BATTG19">{{Cite journal|last=Battaglia|first=Steven M.|title=No Fairy Tale Ending: The Future of Water and the American Southwest}}</ref> Ni itan, monsoon bẹrẹ ni ifowosi nigbati aaye ìrì apapọ jẹ {{Convert|55|°F|0}} fún ọjọ́ mẹ́ta ní ìtẹ̀léra—tó sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù Keje. Ṣùgbọ́n, láti mú kí ìmọ̀ nípa òjò pọ̀ sí i àti láti gbé ààbò lárugẹ, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojúọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè pàṣẹ pé láti ọdún 2008, ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹfà ni “ọjọ́ àkọ́kọ́” òjò, yóò sì parí ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">Ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Nígbà tí òjò bá ń ṣiṣẹ́, òjò a máa mú kí omi rọ̀, ó sì lè fa òjò líle koko ní àgbègbè kan, ìkún omi, yìnyín, afẹ́fẹ́ apanirun, àti ìjì eruku —èyí tí ó lè dé ìwọ̀n haboob ní ọdún díẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/29/haboob-arizona-phoenix-dust-storm_n_7684654.html|title=Haboob Alert! Giant Dust Storms Engulf Phoenix Area, Leaving Thousands Without Power|first=Dominique|last=Mosbergen|access-date=March 20, 2016|archivedate=March 31, 2016}}</ref>
Oṣù Kẹjọ ni oṣù tí òjò máa ń rọ̀ jùlọ ( {{Convert|0.93|in|mm}} ), nígbà tí oṣù kẹfà ni ó gbẹ jùlọ ( {{Convert|0.02|in|mm}}ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹsàn- ọdún 2014, ìlú Phoenix gba iye òjò tó pọ̀ jùlọ tí wọ́n rọ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà pẹ̀lú {{Convert|3.30|in|mm}}, tí ó rú àkọsílẹ̀ ọdún 75 tí ó jẹ́ {{Convert|2.91|in|mm}}, tí a gbé kalẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1939. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Ìjì ìjì oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2014 ni a ṣẹ̀dá láti inú àṣẹ́kù ìjì líle Norbert tí ó ti gòkè láti Gulf of California tí ó sì kún bo àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ ńláńlá ìlú náà àti àwọn ojú ọ̀nà tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, tí ó sì ti di ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àwọn awakọ̀ mọ́tò. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=September 9, 2014}}</ref> Ní àròpín, àwọn ibi ìrísí ìrì wà láti {{Convert|31|°F|0}} ní oṣù kẹrin sí {{Convert|58|°F|0}} ní oṣù kẹjọ. Nígbà míìrán, àwọn àmì ìrẹ̀ lè dínkù tó {{Convert|0|°F|0}}, tabi wọn le kọja {{Convert|70|°F|0}} ní àsìkò tí òjò bá ń gbóná janjan—tó ń ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ipò tí ó kún fún ìdàrúdàpọ̀ ní agbègbè náà. <ref name="BATTG19" />
[[Fáìlì:Burned_Saguaro_Cactus.jpg|left|thumb|Cactus saguaro tí iná bàjẹ́ nítòsí Phoenix]]
Àwọn ilẹ̀ aṣálẹ̀ ní ìlú àti ní àyíká rẹ̀ ti túbọ̀ ń jẹ́ kí iná bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í tàn kálẹ̀ sí i. Ewu iná máa ń pọ̀ jù ní ìgbà òjò gbígbẹ àti oṣù ooru lẹ́yìn òtútù, nítorí àwọn koríko buffel, èpò, àti igbó tó ń gbóná janjan. Ilẹ̀ tó ní pátákó sábà máa ń mú kí iṣẹ́ iná ṣòro. Nítorí pé ọ̀pọ̀ ewéko aṣálẹ̀ kò bá iná mu, àwọn iná tó ń jó jẹ́ ewu ńlá fún ọjọ́ iwájú aṣálẹ̀ àdúgbò.
Ni gbogbogbo, iwọn otutu ti o kere ju lodoodun ni Phoenix wa laarin 30s si isalẹ. Ko ṣọwọn o dinku si 32 °F (0) °C) tàbí sísàlẹ̀ rẹ̀, lẹ́yìn tí a ti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ láàárín ọdún mẹ́sàn-án péré láàárín ọdún 1991 sí 2020 ní àpapọ̀ ọjọ́ mẹ́tàdínlógún. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn apá agbègbè ìlú Phoenix sábà máa ń rí òtútù ní ìgbà òtútù. Òtútù àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀ wáyé ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1956, èyí tí ó kẹ́yìn sì ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta, ọdún 1987. {{Efn|Since Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) opened, the earliest and latest freezes recorded there are November 3, 1946, and April 4, 1945, respectively. However, as the [http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ official Phoenix climatology station] was changed to PHX in October 1953, those records are not considered official.}} Òtútù tí ó kéré jùlọ tí a kọ sílẹ̀ ní Phoenix jẹ́ {{Convert|16|°F|0}} ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kìíní, ọdún 1913, nígbà tí otútù ojoojúmọ́ tó tutù jùlọ tí a tíì rí rí jẹ́ {{Convert|36|°F|0}} ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù Kejìlá, ọdún 1898. Ìrìn tó gùn jùlọ láìsí ọjọ́ òtútù ní Phoenix fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ọdún mẹ́jọ, láti ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kejìlá, ọdún 1990, sí ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù Kejìlá, ọdún 1998. <ref name="NOAA" />
Yìnyín ṣọ̀wọ́n ní Phoenix. Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ kọ ìtànkálẹ̀ yìnyín sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1898, láti ìgbà náà sì ni wọ́n ti kó gbogbo rẹ̀ jọ ní {{Convert|0.1|in|cm}} tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìgbà mẹ́jọ péré láàárín ààlà ìlú. Ìjì yìnyín tó gbóná jùlọ tí a rí ní àkọsílẹ̀ ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún sí ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kìíní, ọdún 1937, nígbà tí {{Convert|1|to|4|in|cm}} tó ga ju bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ìlú ńlá. rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní àwọn apá kan ìlú náà, kò sì yọ́ pátápátá fún ọjọ́ mẹ́ta. Ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù Kejìlá, ọdún 1998, yìnyín rọ̀ jákèjádò àwọn apá àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn ìlú náà, Sky Harbor sì ròyìn pé yìnyín ń rọ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù Kejì, ọdún 2019, àwọn apá àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn àti àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn agbègbè metro gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ínṣì yìnyín nígbà tí Sky Harbor ròyìn pé òjò rọ̀ ní ìgbà pípẹ́. Ìjì kan náà kan agbègbè náà ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 2023. Láàárín ọdún 2010 àti 2021, Phoenix ní àwọn ìjì ìgbà òtútù mẹ́ta tó lágbára pẹ̀lú àwọn graupel tó jọ yìnyín. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 20, 2012}}</ref>
== Àkókò ìtẹ̀léra ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Notelist}}
5b05qtadtohzwrb7xfqshot0cp726h5
Oju ojo Bismarck, North Dakota
0
80385
622294
2026-06-14T04:35:08Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270766177|Climate of Bismarck, North Dakota]]"
622294
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Climate chart|Bismarck, North Dakota|-0.6|21.1|.45|7.8|28.5|.51|19.1|40.2|.85|30.6|55.9|1.46|42.8|69.1|2.22|51.6|77.8|2.59|56.4|84.5|2.58|54.7|83.3|2.15|43.7|71.6|1.61|32.1|58.2|1.28|17.8|38.2|.7|4.8|25.7|.44|float=right|clear=both|units=imperial|source=NOAA <ref name=NCDC-B />}}Oju ojo '''Bismarck''' ni ipinle [[Àríwá Dakota|North Dakota]] ti orile- [[Orílẹ̀ èdè America|ede Amerika]] jẹ ilẹ ti o tutu ( Köppen ''Dfa'' / ''Dfb'' ), eyiti o jẹ pataki nipasẹ apapọ ti ila- arin ipele rẹ ati ipo ti ko jina si aarin agbegbe ti AMẸRIKA. Igba ooru rẹ gbona to fun u lati ni ipinya Köppen ''Dwa'', ati ojo riro ga to fun u lati yago fun ki a pe ni aarẹ-alade ( Ipinya oju ojo Köppen ''BSk'' ). Oju ojo ilu naa ṣafihan awọn akoko mẹrin ti o yatọ pupọ ati iyatọ nla ninu awọn iwọn otutu lori awọn akoko kukuru pupọ. Bii awọn ilu miiran ni awọn pẹtẹlẹ ariwa Great, oju ojo rẹ tun gbẹ pupọ.
== Àkótán Àkótán ==
{{Bismarck, North Dakota weatherbox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>
== Awọn iwọn otutu ==
Iwọn otutu ni Bismarck maa n yipada ni gbogbo ọdun, pẹlu iduroṣinṣin diẹ ninu ooru nitori irẹwẹsi ọdọọdun ti ṣiṣan jet . Sibẹsibẹ, awọn akoko mẹrin ti o yatọ pupọ lo wa, pẹlu iyipada iwọn otutu nla. Oṣu ti o gbona julọ ni ọdun ni Oṣu Keje, nigbati iwọn otutu giga apapọ jẹ {{Convert|84.5|F|1}} . Àròpọ̀ ìwọ̀n otútù tó lọ sílẹ̀ ní alẹ́ ní oṣù Keje jẹ́ {{Convert|56.4|F|1}} . Oṣù Kínní ni oṣù tó tutù jùlọ ní ọdún, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n otútù tó ga jùlọ tí ó jẹ́ {{Convert|21.1|F|1}} àti ìsàlẹ̀ ti {{Convert|-0.6|F|1}} ní àròpín.
Awọn oke ti o ga ju {{Convert|90|F|1}} lọ ní ọjọ́ 21 fún ọdún kan, àti {{Convert|50|F|1}} fún ọjọ́ mẹ́tàdínlógún péré láti oṣù kọkànlá sí oṣù kẹta. Àwọn òkìtì gíga máa ń dé ibi tí ó dì ní ìdá mẹ́ta ọjọ́ láti oṣù Kejìlá sí oṣù Kejì, àwọn òkìtì tí ó dì sì máa ń dé {{Convert|0|F|1}} tàbí ní ìsàlẹ̀ rẹ̀ ní alẹ́ 42 lọ́dún.
=== Àwọn Àṣejù ===
Iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ ti a gbasilẹ tẹlẹ ni Bismarck jẹ {{Convert|114|F|0}}, ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù Keje, ọdún 1936. Ìwọ̀n otútù náà ti dé tàbí ó ti kọjá {{Convert|110|°F|1}} ní Bismarck lápapọ̀ ìgbà márùn-ún nínú ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀. Méjì nínú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ wọ̀nyẹn jẹ́ ní àkókò ọdún márùn-ún kan náà: {{Convert|111|°F|1}} ní oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2002, àti {{Convert|112|°F|1}} ní oṣù Keje ọdún 2006. Oòrùn otutu tó tutù jùlọ tí a rí ní Bismarck jẹ́ {{Convert|-45|F|0}}, ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kìíní, ọdún 1916 àti ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kejì, ọdún 1936. <ref name="TWC" />
== Ìrọ̀lẹ́ ==
Oju ojo Bismarck maa n gbẹ, pẹlu ojo lododun ti o n rọ ni apapọ {{Convert|16.8|in|mm|0}} nikan. . Oṣù Kẹfà ni oṣù tí òjò máa ń rọ̀ jù lọ ní ọdún, nígbà tí òjò máa ń rọ̀ láti inú àgbá òjò. Oṣù Kẹfà jẹ́ {{Convert|2.59|in|mm|1}} òjò. Oṣù Kejìlá ni oṣù gbígbẹ jùlọ, ní àròpín ìwọ̀n {{Convert|0.44|in|mm|1}} péré, <ref name="TWC" /> bí òjò ṣe ń rọ̀ bí yìnyín tó ní omi díẹ̀ tó sì ń rọ̀ díẹ̀. Ní ìgbà òtútù, Bismarck máa ń jẹ́ {{Convert|49.3|in|cm|0}} ní àròpín ti yìnyín lododun.
Àwọn ọdún 1990 jẹ́ àkókò òjò gan-an fún Bismarck. A kọ àkọsílẹ̀ ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún mẹ́wàá pé yìnyín rọ̀ gan-an gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìgbà òtútù yìnyín tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní Bismarck ni ìgbà òtútù ọdún 1996–97, nígbà tí {{Convert|101.6|in|cm|0}}yìnyín tó rọ̀ ní rọ̀. A mọ̀ pé òjò rọ̀ gan-an ní ọdún mẹ́wàá yìí àti pé ó rọ̀ ní {{Convert|4.63|in|mm|1}} rọ̀.òjò tó rọ̀ ní òjò, èyí tó rọ̀ jù lọ tí wọ́n tíì rí rí ní ọjọ́ kan tí ó wà fún wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún, ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1998. Ní àfikún, ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, òjò tó rọ̀ ní wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún kejì tó ga jùlọ wáyé ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1999, pẹ̀lú {{Convert|4.48|in|mm|1}} ga jùlọ. . Àkókò òjò yìí yọrí sí àkókò ọ̀dá gígùn ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2000 tí ó tẹ̀síwájú títí di ọdún 2006.
== Àìkú ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Agbègbè náà ní ìwọ̀n wákàtí mẹ́rin ti oòrùn ojoojúmọ́ ní oṣù Kejìlá. Oṣù Keje ni oṣù tí oòrùn máa ń mú jù, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n wákàtí 11.4 ti oòrùn ojoojúmọ́. <ref name="HKO" /> Àròpọ̀ wákàtí oòrùn tó tó wákàtí 2740 ní ọdún kan túmọ̀ sí wípé agbègbè náà ń gba 62.53% ti oòrùn tó ṣeéṣe. <ref name="HKO" />
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí àti Ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Notelist}}{{ClimateUS|state=expanded}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.crh.noaa.gov/bis/ NWS Bismarck, ND Ojú ìwé Àkọ́kọ́] - Ibùdó Ìtọ́jú Ojúọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà
** [https://www.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=bis Iṣẹ́ Ojúọjọ́ Orílẹ̀-èdè] - Dáta ojúọjọ́ fún NWS Bismarck
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061209072346/http://www.kfyrtv.com/KevinsCorner.asp Oju ojo fun Bismarck lati KFYR-TV]
* [http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KBIS/2006/1/10/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA Itan oju-ọjọ fun Bismarck ni WeatherUnderground.com]
c05k1ku6xdgow982avts10ssy2njz2y
Oju-ọjọ Lahore
0
80386
622295
2026-06-14T04:36:27Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358609711|Climate of Lahore]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Weather_Radar_in_Lahore,_Pakistan.jpg|thumb|248x248px|Rada oju ojo ti Lahore, ti o wa ni opopona Jail.]]
[[Lahore]] ní ojúọjọ́ gbígbóná onígbà márùn-ún ( Köppen ''BSh'' ), tí ó ní ojúọjọ́ onígbà díẹ̀ tí ó rọ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò márùn-ún: ìgbà òtútù oníkùùkuu (1 Oṣù Kejìlá – 15 Oṣù Kejì) pẹ̀lú àwọn ìdààmú díẹ̀ tí ó ń fa òjò; ìgbà ìrúwé dídùn (16 Oṣù Kejì – 15 Oṣù Kẹrin); ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn (15 Oṣù Kẹrin – 30 Oṣù Kẹfà) pẹ̀lú eruku, ìjì òjò àti àkókò ìgbì ooru; òjò òjò (1 Oṣù Keje – 16 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án); àti ìgbà ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì gbígbẹ (16 Oṣù Kẹsàn-án – 14 Oṣù Kọkànlá). Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ní àwọn ìgbà mìíràn, a lè kà á sí èyí tí ó rọ̀ ní ìgbà òjò òjò ( ''Cwa'' ), dípò èyí tí ó rọ̀ ní ìgbà díẹ̀, nítorí pé ó ní àwọn àkókò tí a ti sọ dáadáa àti òjò tí ó pọ̀. Nígbà míìrán ó ní òjò òjò gígùn àti tí ó nípọn, tí ó jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ti ojúọjọ́ onígbà díẹ̀ tí ó rọ̀.
Oṣù Kẹfà ni oṣù tó gbóná jùlọ, níbi tí àròpọ̀ àwọn òṣùwọ̀n gíga máa ń ju {{Convert|40|C|F}} lọ . Oṣù Keje ni oṣù tí òjò máa ń rọ̀ jù, pẹ̀lú òjò líle àti ìjì líle ní alẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìṣeéṣe kí ìjì òjò má baà rọ̀ . Oṣù January pẹ̀lú ìkùukùu líle. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|archivedate=16 July 2011}}</ref>
Igbasilẹ otutu giga ilu naa jẹ {{Convert|48.3|C}}, tí a gbà sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ 30 oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 1944. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|archivedate=16 July 2011}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ 10 oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2007, ìwọ̀n otútù ti {{Convert|48|C|F}} ni a kọ sílẹ̀; Iwọn otutu ti o kere julọ ti a gbasilẹ ni Lahore jẹ -2.2 °C, tí a gbà sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kìíní ọdún 1935. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|archivedate=June 13, 2010}}</ref>{{Climate chart|Lahore|7.6|18.4|21.9|10.8|22.2|39.5|15.7|27.5|43.5|21.1|34.2|25.5|25.6|38.9|26.7|27.4|38.9|84.8|27.1|35.6|195.6|26.9|34.7|184.7|25.3|34.4|88.6|20.1|32.4|13.3|13.7|27.1|6.9|8.8|21.4|18.8|float=left|clear=none}}{{Lahore weatherbox}}
== Àwọn okùnfà ==
Òjò àti ìdàrúdàpọ̀ ìwọ̀ oòrùn ni àwọn ohun méjì pàtàkì tó ń nípa lórí ojú ọjọ́ ní Lahore; bí bẹ́ẹ̀ kọ́, afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé máa ń pọ̀ sí i fún àwọn àkókò tó kù. Àwọn nǹkan pàtàkì wọ̀nyí ni àwọn ohun tó ń nípa lórí ojú ọjọ́ ní Lahore. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
* '''Àwọn ìdààmú ìwọ̀-oòrùn''' sábà máa ń wáyé ní àwọn oṣù òtútù, wọ́n sì máa ń fa òjò díẹ̀; kì í sábàá ṣẹlẹ̀, òjò yìnyín náà máa ń jà.
* '''Kurukuru''' maa n po ni akoko igba otutu o si maa wa fun ojo si ose.
* '''Ìjì eruku''' máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní oṣù ooru, ó sì máa ń ga jùlọ ní oṣù Karùn-ún àti Oṣù Kẹfà.
* '''Àwọn ìgbì ooru''' máa ń gbóná gan-an ní oṣù Karùn-ún àti oṣù Kẹfà.
* '''Òjò ìrọ̀lẹ́ gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn''' tún máa ń wáyé ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn, láti oṣù kẹfà títí di oṣù kẹsàn-án. Òjò ìrọ̀lẹ́ líle yìí máa ń mú ìtura bá ooru gbígbóná.
* '''Afẹ́fẹ́ ilẹ̀ ayé''' máa ń gbilẹ̀ ní àsìkò tí òjò kò bá rọ̀ ní ìlú náà. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Òjò òjò òjò ==
[[File:McDonalds_Gulberg.jpg|right|thumb|240x240px|Gulberg bo pelu yinyin lati ojo yinyin kan ni ojo 26 osu keji odun 2011.]]
Ojo apapọ ojo lododun ni Lahore jẹ nipa {{Convert|758.8|mm|in}} . Òjò òjò òjò bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọ̀sẹ̀ ìkẹyìn oṣù kẹfà, ó sì ń bá a lọ títí di òpin oṣù kẹsàn-án. Ní ọdún 2009, òjò òjò òjò òjò tó rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Lahore nítorí wíwà El Niño lórí Pakistan. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=March 15, 2012}}</ref> Àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ òjò òjò òjò òjò òjò òjò òjò tó rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní Lahore láti ọdún 2007 nìyí, tí a mú láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Pakistan :
* 2003: {{Convert|377|mm|in}} <ref>{{Cite journal|archive-date=March 15, 2012}}</ref>
* 2005: {{Convert|426|mm|in}} <ref>{{Cite journal|archive-date=March 15, 2012}}</ref>
* 2006: {{Convert|606|mm|in}} <ref>{{Cite journal|archive-date=March 15, 2012}}</ref>
* 2007: {{Convert|531|mm|in}}
* 2008: {{Convert|800|mm|in|1}} <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 16, 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref>
* 2009: {{Convert|518|mm|in}} <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref>
* 2010: {{Convert|711|mm|in}} <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=July 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 20, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=September 21, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|archivedate=August 23, 2010}}</ref>
* 2011: {{Convert|1439|mm|in}} <ref name="auto3" />
* 2012: {{Convert|576.2|mm|in}} <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|archivedate=July 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|archivedate=July 14, 2012}}</ref>
* 2013: {{Convert|1430|mm|in|1}} <ref name="auto4" /> <ref name="auto5" />
== Òjò ọdọọdún ==
Ojo Lahore maa n rọ̀ ní àsìkò òjò láti oṣù kẹfà sí oṣù kẹsàn-án, àti ní àsìkò òtútù láti oṣù Kejìlá sí oṣù kejì. Òjò ọdọọdún tó ga jùlọ ní Lahore ni a kọ sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 2011 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ {{Convert|1576.8|mm|in}} ti òjò tí a kọ sílẹ̀. Òjò Lahore rọ̀ ní ìsàlẹ̀ déédé ní ọdún 2009, àti òjò déédé ní ọdún 2007 àti 2010. Èyí ni òjò ọdọọdún ní Lahore láti ọdún 2007 tí a gbé kalẹ̀ lórí ìwádìí láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Pakistan .
* Ní ọdún 2007, àpapọ̀ {{Convert|716|mm|in|2}} } òjò ni a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 26, 2010}}</ref>
* Ní ọdún 2008, àpapọ̀ {{Convert|917|mm|in|2}} } òjò ni a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 26, 2010}}</ref>
* Ní ọdún 2009, àpapọ̀ {{Convert|698.4|mm|in|2}} } òjò ni a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 26, 2010}}</ref>
* Ní ọdún 2010, àpapọ̀ {{Convert|738|mm|in|2}} } òjò ni a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=August 26, 2010}}</ref>
* Ní ọdún 2011, àpapọ̀ {{Convert|1576.8|mm|in|2}} òjò ni a kọ sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2011. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=September 26, 2010}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ líle koko ==
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2011, Lahore gba ìjì yìnyín tó lágbára ṣùgbọ́n tó tó 4.5. cm tó bo ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ojú ọ̀nà ìlú náà mọ́lẹ̀. Ìjì yìnyín ló gbóná jùlọ ní Lahore fún ọgbọ̀n ọdún sẹ́yìn. Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà, ìjì yìnyín máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ ti ìpínlẹ̀ Punjab ní àsìkò òtútù. Ìjì yìnyín náà máa ń wà fún ìṣẹ́jú 30 nígbàkúgbà pẹ̀lú òjò líle. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Pakistan, ìlú náà gba {{Convert|12|mm|in}} àti {{Convert|4.5|cm|in}} ti yìnyín ní pápákọ̀ òfurufú (òjò omi). <ref name=":0" />
== Ìrọ̀lẹ́ yìnyín ==
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kìíní ọdún 1909, Lahore rí òjò yìnyín tó ṣọ̀wọ́n. Wọ́n kà á sí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ díẹ̀ tí wọ́n kọ sílẹ̀ nípa òjò yìnyín nínú ìtàn ìlú náà.
== Wo tun ==
* Oju-ọjọ Pakistan
* Àkójọ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ líle koko ní Pakistan
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.pakmet.com.pk/ Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Pakistan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613053323/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/cdpc/Climate/Lahore_Climate_Data.txt Ìsọfúnni Ojúọjọ́ Lahore]
{{Lahore}}
ly1kbzgjmsv02e085frm1usa9xabdb0
Oju-ọjọ Faisalabad
0
80387
622296
2026-06-14T04:37:14Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341763259|Climate of Faisalabad]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|31|15|0|N|73|03|0|E}}
The '''climate of [[Faisalabad]]''' features a [[semi-arid climate]] (BSh) in [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen-Geiger classification]], bordering a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa) with very hot and humid summers and dry cool winters. The average maximum and minimum temperatures in June are {{Convert|45.5|C|F}} and {{Convert|26.9|C|F}}. In January the average minimum and maximum are {{Convert|19.4|C|F}} and {{Convert|4.1|C|F}}.
Àkókò ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní àárín oṣù kẹrin, ó sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú títí di ìparí oṣù kẹwàá. Oṣù karùn-ún àti oṣù kẹfà ni oṣù tó gbóná jù, nígbà tí oṣù keje, oṣù kẹjọ àti ìdajì àkọ́kọ́ oṣù kẹsàn-án lè jẹ́ ọ̀rinrin tó lágbára, àyàfi àwọn ọjọ́ tí òjò bá ń rọ̀. Oṣù kẹfà ni oṣù tó gbóná jù ní Faisalabad, nígbà tí àwọn ipò bá gbẹ tí ìjì eruku sì wọ́pọ̀. Oṣù tó gbóná jù ni oṣù kíní, èyí tó tún jẹ́ oṣù gbígbẹ pẹ̀lú àwọn ọjọ́ tó ní ìkùukùu. Ìkùukùu máa ń pọ̀ ní alẹ́ àti ní kùtùkùtù òwúrọ̀. Àkókò ìgbà òtútù máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní oṣù kọkànlá ó sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kejì. Ìgbà ìrúwé máa ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àárín oṣù kejì ó sì máa ń pẹ́ títí di ìparí oṣù kẹta, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n otútù bá bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i tí àwọn ipò sì máa ń gbẹ tí oòrùn sì máa ń mú sí i. Òjò tó rọ̀ lọ́dọọdún jẹ́ nǹkan bí {{Convert|602|mm|in}} nìkan., èyí tí ó jẹ́ àkókò tí ó pọ̀ gan-an nítorí pé ìdajì òjò ọdọọdún máa ń rọ̀ ní oṣù kẹfà, oṣù keje, oṣù kẹjọ àti oṣù kẹsàn-án ní àsìkò òjò.{{Weather box}}
== Awọn oju ojo ti o ga julọ ==
Iwọn otutu ilu naa ti de iwọn otutu igba ooru ti o pọju ti o ga julọ ti {{Convert|48.0|C|F}}, èyí tí a ṣe àkíyèsí rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1947 àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan sí i ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2010. Oòrùn tó kéré jù tó jẹ́ {{Convert|-4.0|C|F}} ni a gbasilẹ ni ọjọ 15 Oṣu Kini ọdun 1978. Ojo ojo ti o rọ̀ fun wakati 24 ti o gba akoko yii duro ni {{Convert|264.2|mm|in}} tí a kọ sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1961, èyí tí ó jẹ́ nǹkan bí ìpín 70 nínú ọgọ́rùn-ún òjò ọdọọdún tí ìlú náà ń rọ̀. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle tí ó ga jùlọ tí a rí rí ní Faisalabad wáyé nígbà ìjì líle kan tí ó kún fún eruku àti ààrá ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2000, nígbà tí iyára afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ga jùlọ dé {{Convert|151|km/h|mph+kn}} .
== Òjò yìnyín tó ṣọ̀wọ́n ní Faisalabad ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 1909 ==
Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé yìnyín ṣọ̀wọ́n gan-an ní Faisalabad, ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kìíní ọdún 1909, ìlú náà ní yìnyín díẹ̀ nígbà tí ìgbì omi òtútù líle kan ń jà. Yìnyín bò lórí òrùlé àti pápá fún nǹkan bíi wákàtí méjì, èyí sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìgbà díẹ̀ tí a ti rí yìnyín níbẹ̀.
== Afẹ́fẹ́ ==
Yàtọ̀ sí àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n otútù àti òjò, afẹ́fẹ́ ní Faisalabad sábà máa ń fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́fẹ́. Ìlú náà wà ní agbègbè tí afẹ́fẹ́ kò pọ̀. Afẹ́fẹ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn ló ń fẹ́ ní ọ̀sán, nígbà tí òru sì dákẹ́ jẹ́ẹ́. Afẹ́fẹ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn/ìlà-oòrùn wọ́pọ̀ níbí ní àsìkò òjò. Faisalabad, tí ó wà ní pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀, lè ní ààrá líle àti ìjì líle tí ó lè ba àwọn èso oko rẹ̀ jẹ́.{{Climate chart|Faisalabad (1990-2012)|4.1|19.4|11.5|7.1|21.9|26.1|12.3|26.7|35.7|18.0|33.5|56.9|22.7|38.4|69.2|26.9|40.5|137.9|27.1|37.1|195.0|26.6|36.1|139.8|23.7|35.7|68.7|17.0|33.0|33.8|10.1|27.2|13.0|5.1|21.4|8.6}}
== Wo tun ==
* Oju-ọjọ Lahore
* Oju ojo Rawalpindi
* Oju-ọjọ Islamabad
* Àkójọ àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ líle koko ní Pakistan
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Faisalabad}}
japtvjfggk2n6fvt5fvl1bxa1w9a097
Oju-ọjọ Kolkata
0
80388
622297
2026-06-14T04:38:07Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333847813|Climate of Kolkata]]"
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{{Climate chart|[[Kolkata]]|12.9|25.3|15.8|16.9|29.2|22.9|21.9|33.6|31.9|25.2|35.9|53.4|26.4|36.1|140.5|26.8|34.8|247.5|26.6|33.2|366.5|26.5|33.0|355.4|26.2|33.3|282.8|24.1|32.5|170.2|19.3|30.1|21.3|14.3|26.6|6.8|source=[https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf IMD]|float=left|clear=none}}Kolkata ní ojúọjọ́ savanna ilẹ̀ olóoru ( ìpínsípò ojúọjọ́ Köppen ''Aw'' ). Ìwọ̀n otútù ọdọọdún jẹ́ {{Convert|26.7|°C|°F}} ; iwọn otutu apapọ oṣooṣu wa lati {{Convert|18.8|to|30.6|C|F}} . Ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn gbóná àti ọ̀rinrin pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n otútù ní ìsàlẹ̀ 30s àti ní àkókò gbígbẹ, ìwọ̀n otútù tó pọ̀ jùlọ sábà máa ń ju {{Convert|40|°C|°F}} lọ ní oṣù Karùn-ún àti oṣù Kẹfà. Ìgbà òtútù sábà máa ń pẹ́ fún oṣù méjì ààbọ̀ péré, pẹ̀lú àkókò tí ó lọ sílẹ̀ tí ó ń dínkù sí {{Convert|9|-|11|C|F}} láàárín oṣù Kejìlá sí oṣù January. Ojú ọjọ́ tí a kọ sílẹ̀ jùlọ ni {{Convert|43.9|°C|°F}} àti èyí tó kéré jùlọ jẹ́ {{Convert|5|°C|°F}} . <ref name="weatherbase" /> Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn (láàrín oṣù kẹta sí àárín oṣù karùn-ún), àwọn ìjì eruku máa ń rọ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ààrá àti òjò ńlá bá ń rọ̀ ní ìlú náà, èyí sì máa ń mú ìtura wá fún ooru tó tutù. Àwọn ìjì òjò wọ̀nyí máa ń rọ̀ ní ìrísí, a sì mọ̀ wọ́n sí ''Kal Baisakhi'' ( {{Lang|bn|কালবৈশাখী}}, Àwọn ará Nor'wester). <ref name="kalboisakhi">{{Cite web|archivedate=30 August 2006}}</ref>
Òjò tí ẹ̀ka Òkun Bengal ti South-West monsoon mú wá rọ̀ lu ìlú náà láàárín oṣù kẹfà sí oṣù kẹsàn-án ó sì fún ìlú náà ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ òjò ọdọọdún tó jẹ́ {{Convert|1,711.5|mm|in}} . Òjò tó pọ̀ jùlọ máa ń rọ̀ nígbà òjò ní oṣù Keje àti oṣù Kẹjọ ní ìyípadà. Ìlú náà máa ń gba wákàtí 2,234 ti oòrùn lọ́dọọdún, pẹ̀lú oòrùn tó pọ̀ jùlọ tó máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní oṣù Kẹrin. Ìbàjẹ́ jẹ́ àníyàn pàtàkì ní Kolkata, àti pé ìwọ̀n ohun tí a fi Spended Particulate Matter (SPM) ga ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú àwọn ìlú pàtàkì mìíràn ní Íńdíà, <ref name="ambientairquality">
{{Cite web|archivedate=2006-02-25}}</ref> tó ń yọrí sí èéfín àti èéfín déédéé. Ìbàjẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó le koko ní ìlú náà ti fa ìdàgbàsókè nínú àwọn àìsàn tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìbàjẹ́ bíi àrùn jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀fóró. {{Kolkata weatherbox}}
<references />
== Àwọn Ibùdó Àbójútó Ojúọjọ́ ==
Ibudo pataki ni Alipore, eyiti o jẹ ibudo kariaye kan. Ṣugbọn awọn ibudo meji tun wa ni Dum Dum ati Salt Lake .
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
6wzb3d5fxqajuvvx9moo8ufbu0tduwq
Àwọn ọdún 2020 nínú ìtàn ojú ọjọ́
0
80389
622305
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Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333998086|2020s in climate history]]"
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'''Àwọn ọdún 2020 nínú ìtàn ojú ọjọ́''' tọ́ka sí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtàkì tó jẹ mọ́ ojú ọjọ́, èyí pẹ̀lú ojú ọjọ́ tó le koko, àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tuntun àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì tó jẹ mọ́ ojú ọjọ́. A ó ṣètò àpilẹ̀kọ yìí ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀ka ìwádìí, lẹ́yìn náà ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àkókò nínú àwọn apá tó gbòòrò wọ̀nyẹn.{{Main|2022 European drought}}
== Àkópọ̀ àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ ojúọjọ́ ==
Apá yìí ṣe àkópọ̀ àti ṣàlàyé gbogbo àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ tí a fi kún àkọlé gbígbòòrò ti "afẹ́fẹ́."
== Awọn iṣẹlẹ adayeba ==
=== 2022 ===
==== Yúróòpù ====
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{excerpt|Southwestern North American megadrought}}
==== apapọ ijọba gẹẹsi ====
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Main|2023 European drought}}'''Ìgbì ooru ti United Kingdom ti ọdun 2022''' jẹ́ àkókò ojú ọjọ́ gbígbóná àrà ọ̀tọ̀ ní gbogbo ilẹ̀ [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan|United Kingdom]], ó dé ibi tí a retí pé ó ga jùlọ pẹ̀lú [[Átẹ́gùn Ooru|ìgbì ooru]] láti ọjọ́ 17 sí 20 oṣù Keje tí ó dé ìwọ̀n otútù 40 ní àwọn apá kan ní England ní ọjọ́ 19 oṣù Keje. Ó jẹ́ ara ìgbì ooru ti Europe ti ọdún 2022. Ọ́fíìsì Met ti tú àwọn ìkìlọ̀ ìlera ooru àkọ́kọ́ jáde ní ìdáhùn sí ìgbóná ooru tí ń pọ̀ sí i ní ọjọ́ 8 oṣù Keje. Ní ọjọ́ 15 oṣù Keje, wọ́n kéde pàjáwìrì orílẹ̀-èdè bí wọ́n ṣe gbé ìkìlọ̀ ojú ọjọ́ ooru líle koko àkọ́kọ́ ti UK kalẹ̀ fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè àárín gbùngbùn àti gúúsù England.
Ìgbì ooru náà kò tíì ṣẹlẹ̀ rí; <ref>{{Cite news|title=This UK heatwave is not like the summer of 1976. We've never seen anything like it|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/this-uk-heatwave-is-nothing-like-the-summer-of-1976-we-have-never-seen-anything-like-it-rtsz2q76c|access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> a rí i pé ooru tó gbóná jùlọ tí a tíì rí rí ní UK ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 2022, ó sì ju 40 lọ. fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìtàn ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti pé ó kọjá àkọsílẹ̀ tí a ti ṣe tẹ́lẹ̀ ní ọdún 2019.
Ooru naa fa idamu pupọ si irinna ati pe o fa ina igbo ni awọn apakan kan ni orilẹ-ede naa .
==== ariwa Amerika ====
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />2023 2024
=== 2023 ===
==== Yúróòpù ====
{{Reflist}}
== Ìgbòkègbodò ènìyàn ==
Àpérò Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ ti Àjọ Àgbáyé ti ọdún 2021, "COP26", ni a dá dúró fún ọdún kan nítorí [[Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020|àjàkálẹ̀ àrùn COVID-19]] ; ó yọrí sí Àdéhùn Ojúọjọ́ Glasgow . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Cop26 ends in climate agreement despite India watering down coal resolution|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/13/cop26-countries-agree-to-accept-imperfect-climate-agreement|access-date=14 November 2021|archivedate=14 November 2021}}</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó kópa ni a retí pé wọn yóò mú ìgbésẹ̀ wọn sí ìdínkù ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ pọ̀ sí i, gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú “ẹ̀rọ ìpele” ọdún márùn-ún ti àpérò náà. <ref>{{Cite news|title=John Kerry says emissions cuts are 'do-able' as ministers wrap last meeting ahead of COP26|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/02/europe/john-kerry-cop26-climate-intl/index.html|access-date=2 October 2021|archivedate=27 October 2021}}</ref> China ṣèlérí láti dé òfo ìtújáde erogba ní ọdún 2060, àti India ní ọdún 2070. <ref name="guard0">{{Cite news|title=China's new climate plan falls short of Cop26 global heating goal, experts say|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/28/disappointing-but-not-unexpected-china-climate-goal-leaves-experts-unsatisfied|access-date=2 November 2021|archivedate=2 November 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=COP26: India PM Narendra Modi pledges net zero by 2070|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-59125143|access-date=2 November 2021|archivedate=2 November 2021}}</ref> Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó ní 85% nínú àwọn igbó àgbáyé ni a ṣèlérí láti fòpin sí pípa igbó ní ọdún 2030. <ref name="CNN deforestation">{{Cite news|title=COP26 pledge will see nations commit to ending deforestation by 2030|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/deforestation-end-pledge-2030-cop26/|access-date=7 November 2021|archivedate=6 November 2021}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn aṣojú ilé iṣẹ́ epo fosil ni ó para pọ̀ tóbi jùlọ ní àpérò náà, India àti China sì gbà láti yí ìlérí pípa èédú náà padà sí “ ''dínkù'' ” èédú. <ref name="bbc0">{{Cite news|title=COP26: Fossil fuel industry has largest delegation at climate summit|language=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59199484|access-date=8 November 2021|archivedate=8 November 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Last-minute coal compromise in climate deal disappoints many at COP26|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cop26-coal-compromise-climate-deal-summit-1.6248013|access-date=2021-11-14}}</ref> Àwọn ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò lòdì sí àpérò náà ni ó tóbi jùlọ ní UK láti ìgbà tí àwọn ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò lòdì sí Ogun Iraq, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀sùn nípa àwọn ìlérí tí kò ní ìdáhùn àti pé wọn kò bójútó ìṣòro ojúọjọ́ tó tàbí kíákíá. <ref name="CNN deforestation" /> <ref name="BBC Nov6">{{Cite web|archivedate=7 November 2021}}</ref> <ref name="bbc2">{{Cite news|title=Climate change: What do scientists want from COP26 this week?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59212185|access-date=9 November 2021|archivedate=9 November 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title='COP26 is a failure': Thunberg leads youth from around the globe in Glasgow protests|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-06/greta-thunberg-leads-cop26-protests-climate-change-glasgow-youth/100599934|access-date=7 November 2021|language=en-AU|archivedate=6 November 2021}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
m3t8hzgie2hatb1nh8fas40r68nojts
Ibi ààbò ìjì líle
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Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306066344|Typhoon shelter]]"
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[[Fáìlì:HK_Causeway_Bay_Typhoon_Shelter2006.jpg|thumb|Ààbò Ìjì líle Causeway Bay .]]
[[Fáìlì:Yau_Tong.jpg|thumb|Ààbò ìjì líle Sam Ka Tsuen.]]
[[Fáìlì:Ocean_Park_Tai_Shue_Wan.jpg|thumb|Ààbò Ìjì Aberdeen Gúúsù .]]
'''Ibi ààbò ìjì líle''' ( Chinese ) jẹ́ ibi ààbò fún àwọn ọkọ̀ apẹja nígbà tí ìjì líle bá ń jà . Àwọn ohun èlò wọ̀nyí sábà máa ń wà ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] .
== Ìṣètò ==
Ní ìrísí rẹ̀ déédéé, ibi ààbò ìjì líle jẹ́ ní ìrísí etíkun tàbí etíkun, pẹ̀lú ihò tóóró fún lílọ sí, nítorí pé omi ìyapa tí ènìyàn ṣe ló dí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ibi tí ó ṣí sí òkun.
== Lílò ==
Ààbò ìjì líle, gẹ́gẹ́ bí orúkọ rẹ̀ ṣe fi hàn, ni àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi kékeré sí àárín gbùngbùn ń lò gẹ́gẹ́ bí ààbò lòdì sí afẹ́fẹ́ líle àti òkun líle nígbà ìkọlù ìjì líle. Wọ́n tún ń lò ó láti fi dẹ́ àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi (ibi ààbò ní Causeway Bay ní Hong Kong ni a sábà máa ń lò fún ète yẹn) àti àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle kan ní àwọn èbúté fún ẹrù.
== Ìgbésí ayé ní àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ==
[[Fáìlì:Sampans_in_Hong_Kong_2.jpg|right|thumb|Sampan abule ni 1965 Hong Kong.]]
Kí ó tó di ọdún 1990, ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn ló ń gbé nínú ọkọ̀ ojú omi ní àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn jẹ́ àtọmọdọ́mọ àwọn apẹja tàbí àwọn tó ń wọ ọkọ̀ ojú omi . Wọ́n ní àṣà tó yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ tó wà ní Hong Kong. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìtumọ̀, àṣà náà jẹ́ èyí tó ti dàgbà dénú, pẹ̀lú èdè tirẹ̀, àwọn àṣà ìgbéyàwó àti àwọn nǹkan míì bíi oúnjẹ, orin àti ìgbàgbọ́ èké. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
Ìgbésí ayé àti àṣà àwọn ọmọ àwọn apẹja wọ̀nyí ni a ti fi ṣe àṣeyọrí nígbà gbogbo. ó sì fi òtítọ́ àìní tó pọ̀ tó wà láàrín àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí pamọ́ ní ọ̀nà tó dájú. Nítorí pé wọ́n sábà máa ń lọ sí òkun láti pẹja, àwọn ọmọ ìdílé apẹja kì í sábà lọ sí ilé ìwé. Èyí dá àìní fún “àwọn ilé ìwé tó ń léfòó,” tí àwọn àjọ ìsìn ń ṣàkóso, láti kọ́ àwọn ọmọdé tó ń gbé ní àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Bákan náà, nítorí pé owó tí a kó jọ jẹ́ èyí tí ó yàtọ̀, owó tí a rí kò dúró ṣinṣin.
Níkẹyìn, nítorí pé kò ṣeé ṣe láti ṣètò iṣẹ́ ìwẹ̀ omi àti gbígba ìdọ̀tí tó tọ́ láàárín àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi wọ̀nyí, ipò ìwẹ̀nùmọ́ ní àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní àkókò tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn ń gbé níbẹ̀ kò dára tó bí a ṣe fẹ́. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Àgbọn ààbò abẹ́ ilẹ̀ ==
[[Fáìlì:Under_bridge_spicy_crab_(typhoon_shelter_style).jpg|thumb|Àgbọn ààbò abẹ́ ilẹ̀]]
''Akan ààbò ìjì líle'' ( Chinese ), oúnjẹ tí wọ́n ń jẹ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé oúnjẹ ará China ní Hong Kong, ni a gbàgbọ́ pé ó ti wá láti ibi ààbò tí àwọn òjò yìnyín ti ń pa. A sábà máa ń fi ẹran akan, ààyò, scallion, ata pupa àti ewa dúdú sè é.
== Ẹja ààbò ìjì líle ==
Yàtọ̀ sí akan tí wọ́n fi ń ṣọ́ ààrùn Typhoon, èyí tí wọ́n mọ̀ dáadáa kárí ayé, wọ́n tún máa ń fi èpà se irú ààbò ààrùn Typhoon ( Chinese ), pàápàá jùlọ ẹja igún ńlá ( ''Penaeus monodon'' ) tàbí ẹja mantis ( ''ẹja ìgbẹ́ Mantis'' ). Ọ̀nà sísè oúnjẹ jọ sísè ẹja ìgbẹ́ Typhoon, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń dín ewébẹ̀ nínú epo olóòórùn dídùn, tí wọ́n sì ń dín-ín pẹ̀lú àtà, ata ilẹ̀, shallots, ata gbígbẹ àti ewé dúdú.
== Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ ==
Ipò Hong Kong gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìlú apẹja ń dínkù síi; àwọn ọmọ àwọn apẹja ti ṣí lọ sí etíkun, àṣà tí a ń pè ní "Ibi Ààbò Ìjì" sì ń pàdánù ní kíákíá. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, iṣẹ́ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì kò yí padà, wíwà wọn sì ṣì ṣe pàtàkì fún Hong Kong.
Àwọn ilé oúnjẹ kan tí wọ́n ń ta oúnjẹ abẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí ìjì líle ń gbé ti kó lọ sí àwọn ilé ìtajà ní etíkun.
== Wo tun ==
* Ebute oko oju omi
* Àkójọ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní Hong Kong
* Ounjẹ ti Hong Kong
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
8slc5fzfu1aoh8hblr34d425m9tas4g
Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury
0
80391
622307
2026-06-14T11:23:22Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348409961|Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder|party=[[Bangladesh Awami League]]|image=2019-11-07 Deputy LoH Sajeda Chowdhury participates in prayer session at National Parliament (PID-0036107) (cropped).jpg}}'''Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury''' (Ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1935 – ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2022) jẹ́ olóṣèlú ará Bangladesh tó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Igbákejì Aṣáájú Jatiya Sangsad láti ọdún 2009 sí 2022. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Jatiya Sangsad tó ń ṣojú fún agbègbè Faridpur-2 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ìgbà ikú rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2022. Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mínísítà Àyíká àti Igbó ti Bangladesh láàárín ọdún 1996 sí 2001. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QE7ODQAAQBAJ&q=statesmen+1996+1997+sheikh+hasina&pg=PA188|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1997-8|author=Hunter|date=2016-12-28}}</ref> Ó tún jẹ́ obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ àti obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó jẹ́ akọ̀wé gbogbogbòò ti Bangladesh Awami League, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ láti ọdún 1986 sí 1992.
== Ìgbésí ayé àti ìdílé ==
A bí Syeda Sajeda ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1935 ní ilé ìyá rẹ̀ ní Magura (tí ó wà lábẹ́ agbègbè Jessore tẹ́lẹ̀) ní ipò Ààrẹ Bengal ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Íńdíà . <ref>{{Cite web|quote=bn:সৈয়দা সাজেদা চৌধুরীর ৮৩তম জন্মদিন আজ}}</ref> Àwọn òbí rẹ̀ méjèèjì, Syed Shah Hamidullah àti Syeda Asiya Khatun, jẹ́ Mùsùlùmí láti ẹ̀yà Syed. <ref>{{Cite news|title=সাজেদা চৌধুরীর ৭৮তম জন্মদিন|date=8 May 2013|archivedate=9 June 2013}}</ref> Ìyá baba rẹ̀, Syeda Hamidunnesa, jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé ''Musulumi'' Bengali kan tí a mọ̀ sí ''Syeds of Bamna'' tí wọ́n ń gbé ní Barguna . <ref name="siraj">{{Cite book|title=বরিশাল বিভাগের ইতিহাস|author=[[Siraj Uddin Ahmed|Ahmed, Siraj Uddin]]|publisher=Bhaskar Prakashani|location=[[Dhaka]]}}</ref>
Chowdhury ní ìwé ẹ̀rí oyè àkọ́kọ́.
== Iṣẹ́ òṣèlú ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Chowdhury jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Jatiya Sangsad àkọ́kọ́, ó sì ní ipò obìnrin tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ láàárín ọdún 1973–1975. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2023-07-19}}</ref> Chowdhury di ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Jatiya Sangsad láti agbègbè ìdìbò Faridpur-2 ní ọdún 2008, nígbà tí wọ́n tún yàn án ní ọdún 2014 àti 2018. Ó di Igbákejì Aṣáájú Ilé Jatiya Sangsad ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù Kejì ọdún 2019 fún ìgbà kẹta tí ó tẹ̀lé ara wọn. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/news/sajeda-chowdhury-made-deputy-leader-js-1700638|title=Sajeda to be deputy leader of House|date=12 February 2019|journal=The Daily Star|language=en|accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref>
Chowdhury di igbákejì olórí Ilé Ìgbìmọ̀ Aṣòfin Bangladesh ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-75679|title=Sajeda new deputy leader of House|journal=The Daily Star|date=13 February 2009|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref> Ó jẹ́ obìnrin olóṣèlú tí ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Akọ̀wé Àgbà ti Bangladesh Awami League láti ọdún 1986, ó sì di ipò náà mú títí di ọdún 1992. Láti ìgbà náà ni wọ́n ti fi í sí ipò Presidium.
Ìjọba Bangladesh fún Chowdhury ní ẹ̀bùn ọjọ́ òmìnira ní ọdún 2010.
=== Ẹ̀sùn ìbàjẹ́ ===
Ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù keje ọdún 2008, Ìgbìmọ̀ Àtakò Ìwà Ìbàjẹ́ (ACC) fi ẹjọ́ kan Chowdhury lórí fífi ọrọ̀ tó tó mílíọ̀nù 1.38 pamọ́ àti kíkó o jọ lọ́nà àìtọ́. <ref name="case">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-126395|title=SC upholds HC order to stay case against Sajeda Chy|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-45215|title=ACC sues Sajeda Chy, AKM Jahangir|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> Chowdhury sẹ́ ẹ̀sùn náà. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-6959|title=Sajeda bins graft claims against her|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2008, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Gíga Bangladesh dá ẹjọ́ náà dúró nínú ẹjọ́ náà tí Ilé Ẹjọ́ Gíga tún gbé kalẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2010. <ref name="case" /> Ilé Ẹjọ́ Gíga gbà á ní ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-46716|title=Tofail, Sajeda, MK Anwar granted bail|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2010, Ilé Ẹjọ́ Gíga fagilé ẹjọ́ náà nítorí pé wọn kò sọ àwọn ẹ̀sùn tí wọ́n fi kan Chowdhury ní pàtó nínú ẹjọ́ náà. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-259309|title=HC quashes graft case against Sajeda|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref>
== Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni ==
Syeda Sajeda fẹ́ Golam Akbar Chowdhury (tí a bí ní ọdún 2015). <ref>{{Cite news|title=Golam Akbar Chowdhury passes away|date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Ọmọ wọn àbíkẹ́yìn, Shahdab Akbar Chowdhury, ni ilé ẹjọ́ pàtàkì kan dá lẹ́bi ẹ̀wọ̀n ọdún méjìlá ní ọdún 2008 fún kíkó ọrọ̀ jọ lọ́nà àìtọ́ àti fífi ìwífún pamọ́ nínú ìwé àkọọ́lẹ̀ ọrọ̀ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n fi ránṣẹ́ sí ACC.
Chowdhury kú nítorí àwọn ìṣòro [[Àrún èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019|COVID-19]] ní [[Dhaka]] ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2022 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàdínlọ́gọ́rin. <ref>{{Cite news|title=AL presidium member Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury dies|date=12 September 2022}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀, ọmọ rẹ̀, Shahdab, tí Awami League yàn, díje fún ipò ilé ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin tó ṣófo ní ìdìbò ìdìbò tí wọ́n ṣe ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2022.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2022]]
[[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1935]]
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Ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé Ìyípadà Ojúọjọ́ Bangladesh
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332927779|Bangladesh Climate Change Trust]]"
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[[File:Bangladesh_Climate_Change_Trust_logo.png|thumb|Àmì ilé-iṣẹ́]]
'''Ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé Ìyípadà Afẹ́fẹ́ Bangladesh''' jẹ́ ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé ìjọba ní Bangladesh tí ó ń lo owó láti gbé ìgbésẹ̀ lòdì sí àwọn ìṣòro tí [[Àyípadà ipò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate change)|ìyípadà ojúọjọ́]] ń fà. <ref>{{Cite news|title=An open letter to Al Gore from Annisul Huq|date=3 April 2017}}</ref> Ìṣúná owó náà ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ láti ọdún 2010, ó sì ń ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba àti àwọn NGO àti àwọn ẹ̀ka àdáni láti ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ àti ṣe àyẹ̀wò àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ ìdínkù ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ .
== Ìtàn ==
Wọ́n dá Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àyípadà Òjò Bangladesh (BCCT) sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2010 nípasẹ̀ ìgbékalẹ̀ Òfin Àyípadà Òjò, ọdún 2010. Ó ń ṣiṣẹ́ lábẹ́ Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àgbáyé àti Igbó . <ref>{{Cite news|title=35 senior bureaucrats reshuffled|date=29 March 2017}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2017, ìjọba Bangladesh gbé Mohammad Iqbal, alága ilé-iṣẹ́ Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation, lọ sí BCCT gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùdarí àgbà rẹ̀. Ó ti kọ̀ láti fi ipò rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì ń gbìyànjú láti fagilé ìgbésẹ̀ rẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|title=2 BCIC chairmen in one post|date=5 April 2017}}</ref> Ìjọba Bangladesh ti pín $400 mílíọ̀nù sí owó náà. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Dhaka loses £13m climate funds}}</ref>
== Àwọn iṣẹ́ ==
Oju opo wẹẹbu osise ti BCCT ṣe atokọ owo naa gẹgẹbi o ni ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ ni ibatan si inawo fun awọn iṣẹ akanṣe idinku iyipada oju-ọjọ:
* Ìṣàkóso gbogbogbò ti Climate Change Trust Fund
* Pese atilẹyin akọwe si Igbimọ Agbẹkẹle lori Igbimọ Iyipada Oju-ọjọ ati Imọ-ẹrọ
* Ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ láti oríṣiríṣi ilé iṣẹ́/ẹ̀ka ìjọba
* Ṣe ajọṣepọ pẹlu awọn ile-iṣẹ ijọba/ẹka oriṣiriṣi lati ṣe ilọsiwaju awọn iṣẹ akanṣe idinku iyipada oju-ọjọ
* Sopọ̀ mọ́ àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́, àwùjọ aráàlú, NGO, ẹ̀ka àdáni àti àwọn àjọ àgbáyé tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ìyípadà ojúọjọ́
* Ṣe àbójútó àti ìṣàyẹ̀wò àwọn iṣẹ́ tí wọ́n ń ṣe lábẹ́ ìmúṣẹ
== Wo tun ==
* Iyipada Oju-ọjọ ni Bangladesh
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{authority control}}
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Ìrìn-àjò ojú ọ̀nà ojú ọjọ́ lórí ojú ọjọ́ àti ojú ọjọ́
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1207035485|Climate Solutions Road Tour]]"
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'''Ìrìnàjò ojú ọ̀nà Climate Solutions,''' tí a ṣe láàárín ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kìíní sí ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kejì, ọdún 2009, jẹ́ iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ kan tí Indian Youth Climate Network bẹ̀rẹ̀ tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Chennai, Íńdíà. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web|archivedate=2009-06-23}}</ref> Alexis Ringwald àti Caroline Howe (méjèjì láti Yunifásítì Yale ) ló ṣètò ìrìnàjò náà. Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́wàá ti Indian Youth Climate Network, ẹgbẹ́ àwọn oníjó láti ẹgbẹ́ ijó Shiamak Davar, àti ẹgbẹ́ orin "Solar Punch" tí ó ń lo oòrùn, borí ju kìlómítà 3,500 lọ. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2009-01-05|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/youth-caravan-on-mission-against-climate-change/articleshow/3934757.cms}}</ref><blockquote>"Ríran àwọn ọ̀dọ́ lọ́wọ́ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ yìí nípa gbígbé àwọn èrò wọn àti mímú wọn lò fún àwọn ìdáhùn sí ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́. Ó tó àkókò fún ìgbésẹ̀ nísinsìnyí; láti ṣẹ̀dá, bá àwọn ènìyàn sọ̀rọ̀ àti láti ṣe ayẹyẹ àwọn èrò tuntun." <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2009-01-05|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/youth-caravan-on-mission-against-climate-change/articleshow/3934757.cms}}</ref></blockquote>Ìrìn àjò ojú ọ̀nà tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Chennai ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kìíní ọdún 2009 kárí àwọn ìlú pàtàkì mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún pẹ̀lú [[Bangalore]], Hyderabad, Pune, [[Mumbai]], Ahmedabad, Jaipur, [[Delhi]], Udaipur, [[Delhi]], Dungarpur, Tilonia, àti [[Goa]] . Ìrìn àjò náà parí ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kejì ní Delhi.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081027212324/http://www.indiaclimatesolutions.com/ Ìrìn-àjò ojú ọ̀nà ojú ọjọ́ lórí ojú ọjọ́ àti ojú ọjọ́]
* [http://www.whatswiththeclimate.org/ Bulọọgi Irin-ajo Oju-ọjọ Oju-ọjọ Awọn solusan opopona]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynhaQaDWdLc Ìrìn àjò ojú ọ̀nà ojú ọjọ́ - Íńdíà]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=JlgNjPlH8sQ Ìrìnàjò Ojú Ọ̀nà Ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ Ojú Ọ̀nà 2009]
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Ajo Bangladesh Resilience Resilience
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2026-06-14T11:25:56Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304371063|Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund]]"
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Àjọ '''Bangladesh Resilience Resilience Fund''' ( '''BCCRF''' ) jẹ́ àjọ ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé àwọn olùfúnni-ní-ọ̀pọ̀ (MDTF) tí a dá sílẹ̀ láti kó àti pín owó ìnáwó ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ fún [[Bangladẹ́shì|Bangladesh]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alam|date=May 2011|title=The Political Economy of Climate Resilient Development Planning in Bangladesh}}</ref>
Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kejì ọdún 2009, ìjọba Bangladesh kọ̀ láti gba ìfilọ́lẹ̀ owó ìnáwó ojúọjọ́ tó tó £60 mílíọ̀nù láti ọwọ́ United Kingdom nítorí pé tí wọ́n bá fi ránṣẹ́ sí wọn láti ọwọ́ World Bank, ní àkọ́kọ́, ìjọba ti gba àwọn òfin àti owó náà. <ref name="guardian-20100215">{{Cite news|title=Bangladesh rejects £60m of climate aid from UK|date=February 15, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/15/bangladesh-world-bank-climate-finance|publisher=Guardian|author=David Adam and John Vidal}}</ref>
== Ààlà ==
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Mohammed Shamsuddoha àti Rezaul Karim Chowdhury ti sọ, " Àkọsílẹ̀ ìgbìmọ̀ ìforúkọsílẹ̀" tí ìjọba Bangladesh ṣe lórí MDTF dámọ̀ràn pé kí ilé iṣẹ́ náà wà ní ọ́fíìsì Báńkì Àgbáyé ní [[Dhaka]] . Báńkì náà yóò ṣe alága ìgbìmọ̀ ìṣàkóso, yóò sì ṣàkóso, yóò ṣàkóso, yóò ṣàkóso, yóò sì ṣe àbójútó ìmúṣẹ àwọn iṣẹ́ àti ètò MDTF. Fún iṣẹ́ yìí, báńkì náà yóò gba owó tó tó $8 mílíọ̀nù. Gbogbo àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tó ń ṣe iṣẹ́ náà gbọ́dọ̀ tẹ̀lé àwọn ìlànà àti ìlànà báńkì náà lórí ìmúṣẹ àti ríra iṣẹ́ náà."
== Àtìlẹ́yìn ==
Ẹ̀ka Ìdàgbàsókè Àgbáyé ti Ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì (DFID) ti ń tẹnumọ́ pé ó yẹ kí a lo owó ìnáwó ojúọjọ́ nípasẹ̀ Àpò Ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé Àwọn Olùfúnni-ní-ọ̀pọ̀ tí Báńkì Àgbáyé ń ṣàkóso; ìjọba Denmark ti ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún ipò yìí. <ref name="guardian-20100215">{{Cite news|title=Bangladesh rejects £60m of climate aid from UK|date=February 15, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/15/bangladesh-world-bank-climate-finance|publisher=Guardian|author=David Adam and John Vidal}}</ref> <ref name="newage-20090313">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newagebd.com/2009/mar/13/edit.html|archivedate=2018-11-19|title=WB's fingers in Bangladesh's climate fund pie|last=Mahtab Haider}}</ref>
Níbi ìpàdé ojúọjọ́ Copenhagen ti ọdún 2009, aṣojú Bangladesh kan sọ fún àwọn oníròyìn pé Bangladesh lè jẹ́ kí Báńkì Àgbáyé ṣàkóso owó náà, tí àwọn olùfúnni owó bá gbé e kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àdéhùn. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Bangladesh demands allocation of funds for population at risk|date=December 13, 2009|url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20091213-185611.html}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìpàdé náà, Prime Minister ti Bangladesh, [[Sheikh Hasina|Sheikh Hasina,]] sọ pé dídá Ìṣúná Owó Onígbèsè Onírúurú kan sílẹ̀ jẹ́ ara ìdáhùn ìjọba rẹ̀ sí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-07-23}}</ref>
== Àríwísí ==
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé ìròyìn ''New Age'' ti sọ, Multi Donor Trust Fund ní “àtakò tó pọ̀ tàbí kí ó dín sí i láàárín àwọn olùwádìí nípa ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ilé iṣẹ́ àyíká, àti àwọn NGO àti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ ará ìlú ní Bangladesh.” <ref name="newage-20090313" /> Àwọn àjọ àwùjọ ará ìlú Bangladesh ń tako èrò Multi Donor Trust Fund gidigidi, wọ́n sì fẹ́ kí ìgbìmọ̀ ìjọba máa ṣàkóso owó náà. Àwọn olùpolongo ti sọ àníyàn nípa owó ìṣàkóso 10–15% tí àwọn olùdámọ̀ràn Banki Àgbáyé yóò gbà àti àìsí àǹfààní láti gba owó ìyípadà. Àwọn olùpolongo mìíràn ń ṣe àríwísí gidigidi sí àwọn iṣẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí Banki Àgbáyé ń ṣe, èyí tí wọ́n sọ pé “ó ti sábà máa ń dá ewu àyíká sílẹ̀ tí ó sì ba àwọn ọjà àti iṣẹ́ àyíká jẹ́.”
Àwọn alátakò Bangladesh tí wọ́n jẹ́ alátakò MDTF tí Báńkì Àgbáyé ń ṣàkóso ni [[Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh|Ẹgbẹ́ Iṣẹ́ Àkànṣe àti Ìdájọ́ Bangladesh]] (EquityBD). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2010-06-06}}</ref>
Àwọn alátakò ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ni Jubilee Debt Coalition àti World Development Movement . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2010-02-06}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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3gvroyycit7mk7dm8bcdapplizfqe2l
Iyipada oju-ọjọ ni Cambodia
0
80395
622311
2026-06-14T11:26:55Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294708555|Climate change in Cambodia]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Pumping_in_dry_season_Cambodia_(10715532746).jpg|thumb|Etí odò gbígbẹ nígbà tí a bá ń gbẹ ní Cambodia. Ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ ń halẹ̀ mọ́ àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì omi orílẹ̀-èdè náà.]]
[[Kàmbódíà|Cambodia]] jẹ́ ibi tí ìyípadà [[Àyípadà ipò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate change)|ojúọjọ́]] bá lè ṣẹlẹ̀ gidigidi. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojúọjọ́ tó le koko máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà gbogbo; èyí ní ìkún omi, èyí tó ti ń kan àwọn olùgbé 90,000 lọ́dọọdún, àti [[Átẹ́gùn Ooru|ìgbì ooru]], pẹ̀lú Cambodia tó ti ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìgbóná ojúọjọ́ tó ga jùlọ ní àgbáyé. Ìgbóná ojúọjọ́ ti pọ̀ sí i láti ọdún 1960 sí 0.18 °C fún ọdún mẹ́wàá. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-23}}</ref> Ó ní CO tó kéré jùlọ ní Asia ní ọdún 2019.
Àyípadà ojú ọjọ́ ń fa ọ̀dá tó pọ̀ sí i ní Cambodia, èyí tó ń ní ipa pàtàkì lórí àwọn agbègbè Tonlé Sap àti Mekong delta. Àwọn ètò omi wọ̀nyí ṣe pàtàkì fún omi, iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ àti ẹja pípa ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Àwọn ènìyàn Cambodia ní ìkún omi tó ń pọ̀ sí i, ìjì líle àti àwọn àrùn tó ń tàn kálẹ̀ nínú omi, wọ́n sì ní ewu gidigidi nítorí àìní wọn tó pọ̀.
== Àwọn ìtújáde gáàsì eefin ilé ==
[[Fáìlì:Cambodia_CO2_emissions_chart_until_2019.png|thumb|188x188px| ìtújáde CO ọdọọdún ní Cambodia.]]
Ní ọdún 2020 Cambodia ròyìn 15.33 mt nínú [[Kárbónì ọlọ́ksíjínìméjì|àwọn CO]] , ó sì jẹ́ olùṣe 0.04% ní ọdún 2019 àti ní àpapọ̀ 0.01% ti àwọn ìtújáde CO kárí ayé. Àwọn ìtújáde CO ní ọdún 2019 jẹ́ 0.97t láti ọdún 2013, a rí ìbísí ńlá nínú àwọn ìtújáde CO pẹ̀lú ìbísí 192.69% láàárín ọdún 2013 àti 2019. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ritchie|first=Hannah|title=CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions|url=https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/cambodia}}</ref> 143.84 mt ti àwọn CO ti tú jáde láàárín ọdún 1751 àti 2019.
== Awọn ipa lori ayika adayeba ==
=== Iwọn otutu ati awọn iyipada oju ojo ===
[[Fáìlì:ASIA-Cambodia--1901-2021-BK-withlabels.png|thumb|Àwọn ìlà ìgbóná ní Cambodia láàrín ọdún 1901 sí 2021.]]
Iwọn otutu ti pọ si 0.18 °C fún ọdún mẹ́wàá láti ọdún 1980. Cambodia ti ní ọ̀kan lára àwọn otútù tó ga jùlọ ní àgbáyé pẹ̀lú 35 A n gba iwọn otutu °C silẹ fun ọjọ 64 ni ọdun kan ni orilẹ-ede naa. Awọn iwọn otutu wọnyi yoo dide ni gbogbo awọn ipo RCP ti o le ja si wahala ooru titilai. Iṣeeṣe ọdá ni 2080-2099 yoo dide lati 4% lododun si 5-9% labẹ gbogbo awọn ipo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-23}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ìbísí iwọ̀n otútù ojoojúmọ́ ní ọdún 2080-2099 ní ìfiwéra pẹ̀lú iwọ̀n otútù 1986-2005 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-23}}</ref>
! Ipo iyipada oju-ọjọ
! 2080-2099
|-
| Ipo awọn itujade kekere ti RCP 2.6
| 1.0 °C
|-
| RCP 4.5 ipo agbedemeji
| 1.8 °C
|-
| Àṣeyọrí RCP 6.0 ní nǹkan bí ọdún 2080 lẹ́yìn náà ó dínkù
| 2.2 °C
|-
| Ipo awọn itujade giga ti RCP 8.5
| 3.7 °C
|}
Ó ṣeé ṣe kí òjò tó ń rọ̀ ní ìṣẹ́jú àárọ̀ máa pọ̀ sí i. Nǹkan bí ènìyàn 90,000 ló ń rọ̀ sí ìkún omi ní Cambodia lọ́dọọdún, ní ipò RCP 8.5, èyí yóò pọ̀ sí i sí ènìyàn 160,000 lọ́dọọdún. Ìwádìí kan tí Báńkì Àgbáyé ṣe retí pé ní ọdún 2050, 19% àwọn ènìyàn yóò fara gbá ìkún omi . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|archivedate=2021-09-23}}</ref>
=== Omi ===
[[Fáìlì:Lac_Tonlé_au_Cambodge_vue_par_Sentinel_2.jpg|thumb|Ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ń ní ipa lórí ìṣàn odò Tonlé Sap . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Oeurng|date=March 2019|title=Assessing Climate Change Impacts on River Flows in the Tonle Sap Lake Basin, Cambodia|url=free}}</ref>]]
Ọ̀ràn pàtàkì kan nípa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ fún Cambodia ni ipa tí ó ní lórí adágún Tonlé Sap àti ètò odò Mekong . Ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ yóò ní ipa lórí ìṣàn omi ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà, yóò sì mú kí ọ̀dá máa pọ̀ sí i. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|author=Oeurng|date=March 2019|title=Assessing Climate Change Impacts on River Flows in the Tonle Sap Lake Basin, Cambodia|url=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Daly|date=June 2020|title=Recent warming of Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia: Implications for one of the world's most productive inland fisheries|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lre.12317}}</ref> Àwọn ìdènà omi agbára omi ti mú kí ọ̀ràn náà burú sí i.
== Awọn ipa lori awọn eniyan ==
Ipa ti yoo ni lori adagun Tonlé Sap ati Mekong yoo ni ipa pataki lori ogbin ati ipeja ni orile-ede naa. Awon olugbe Cambodia, ti won ni oṣuwọn osi giga, ni o ni ipalara pupọ si ipa iyipada oju-ọjọ lori awọn iji lile, awọn ikun omi ati awọn arun ti a gba lati inu omi . <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Davies|first=Grace I.|date=January 2015|title=Water-Borne Diseases and Extreme Weather Events in Cambodia: Review of Impacts and Implications of Climate Change|language=en|url=free}}</ref>
[[UNICEF]] fi Cambodia sí ipò kẹrìndínlọ́gọ́rin nínú 163 tí wọ́n ṣe àyẹ̀wò lórí ipa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ lórí àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Wọ́n fi Cambodia sí orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní ewu gíga nínú ìròyìn náà. Àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ní Cambodia ti fara hàn gidigidi sí àìtó omi, ìkún omi odò àti àrùn tí àwọn kòkòrò ń fà tí ó lè burú sí i pẹ̀lú àwọn ipa ìyípadà ojúọjọ́.
== Ìdínkù àti àtúnṣe ==
Ìjọba Cambodia ṣèlérí láti dín àwọn èéfín kù ní 41.7% ní ọdún 2030. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Clark|first1=Dan|last2=Joiner|first2=Sam|last3=Bernard|first3=Steven|date=2021-10-26|title=COP26: How every country's emissions and climate pledges compare|journal=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9dfb0201-ef77-4c05-93cd-1e277c7017cf|accessdate=2021-11-10}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Tonlé Sap
* Iyipada oju-ọjọ ni Vietnam
* Iyipada oju-ọjọ ni Thailand
* Pípa igbó run ní Cambodia
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
qkdi6oct1gxq5urdyz3jfdrkh9ke0cl
Ìkún omi Balrampur ti ọdún 2022
0
80396
622312
2026-06-14T11:27:39Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301928967|2022 Balrampur floods]]"
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Ní oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2022, òjò líle koko fa ìkún omi ní Balrampur, ní ìpínlẹ̀ [[Uttar Pradesh]] ti Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite news|title=11 killed in rain-related incidents in Uttar Pradesh|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/11-killed-in-rain-related-incidents-in-uttar-pradesh/articleshow/94770443.cms?from=mdr}}</ref> Ó lé ní àwọn abúlé 1300 tí ìkún omi yìí kàn.
== Ipa ==
Awọn abule 287 ni o kan ni agbegbe Balrampur gẹgẹbi Jagtapurwa, Panditpurwa, Johvahna, Kalanderpur, Kodari, Gangapur, Lalpur, Phagunia, Jogiya Kalan, Lalnagar, Durgapur ati Shernagar.
== Wo tun ==
* Ìkún omi ní Íńdíà
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
{{2022 floods}}
rrvhdykp9q9np99wde3gghcnwxwyhu1
Tianjin Iyipada Afefe
0
80397
622313
2026-06-14T11:28:42Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299489380|Tianjin Climate Exchange]]"
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'''Tianjin Climate Exchange''' (TCX) jẹ́ ètò ìpàṣípààrọ̀ ọjà erogba tí a lè ṣe ní orílẹ̀-èdè. Jeff Huang ni olùrànlọ́wọ́ alága ti Tianjin Climate Exchange àti igbákejì ààrẹ Chicago Climate Exchange .
Ó jẹ́ pàṣípààrọ̀ ìṣòwò àkọ́kọ́ ti China fún àwọn ohun èlò ìṣúná owó àyíká
TCX jẹ́ ajọṣepọ̀ láàárín Chicago Climate Exchange, ìjọba ìlú Tianjin àti ẹ̀ka ìṣàkóso dúkìá PetroChina, olùpèsè epo àti gaasi tó tóbi jùlọ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.
Àwọn ètò ìtajà àti ìṣòwò jẹ́ àwọn ètò tí àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ń ṣe láti dín àwọn ìtújáde gaasi afẹ́fẹ́ wọn kù ní àkókò kan pàtó àti láti pa owó èrè erogba tí èyí ń mú wá. Nítorí pé China kò ní ààlà orílẹ̀-èdè lórí ìtújáde, irú ètò bẹ́ẹ̀ yóò jẹ́ ti àfínnúfíndọ̀ṣe, bí ipò ní Amẹ́ríkà nígbà tí Chicago Climate Exchange bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 2003.{{Reflist}}
== Ìtàn ==
Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2008, wọ́n ṣí Tianjin Climate Exchange, tí CNPC Assets Management Co., Ltd. (tó ní ìpín 53%), [http://www.cqjy.cn/english/index.htm Tianjin Property Rights Exchange] (北方产权交易市场) (tó ní ìpín 22%) sílẹ̀, àti Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) (tó ní ìpín 25%), ní agbègbè tuntun Tianjin Binhai.
Ní ìbéèrè láti ọ̀dọ̀ Ìgbìmọ̀ Àgbègbè, a gbé Tianjin Climate Exchange kalẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpìlẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ tí ó kún fún pípèsè owó erogba lábẹ́ Ìlànà Ìdàgbàsókè Mímọ́, yóò sì gbé ààbò àyíká àti ìdínkù ìtújáde lárugẹ nípasẹ̀ àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ọjà àti ìnáwó.
Tianjin Climate Exchange ní àwọn àfojúsùn wọ̀nyí: láti ran àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́ láti dín ìtújáde àwọn èròjà tí ó lè fa àléébù kù, bíi sulfur dioxide, ìbéèrè atẹ́gùn kẹ́míkà, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ; láti ran àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́ láti ṣe àṣeyọrí agbára tó ga jùlọ ní owó tó kéré jùlọ; láti ran àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́ láti ṣàkóso àwọn ewu àyíká àti láti bá àwọn ohun tí a béèrè fún ìfihàn mu; àti láti fún àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ní àǹfààní àti ìrírí ọjà ìtújáde kárí-ayé tí a ṣepọ.
Ní ọdún 2006, Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìpínlẹ̀ ti PRC ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ agbègbè tuntun Tianjin Binhai gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbègbè ìdánwò orílẹ̀-èdè fún àwọn àtúnṣe pípéye tí ó níí ṣe pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ̀dá tuntun nínú ìnáwó, ilẹ̀ àti ìṣàkóso.
Ètò Ọdún Márùn-ún Kọkànlá ti China (2006–10) béèrè fún dín lílo agbára fún gbogbo GDP kù sí 20 ogorun ní ọdún 2010, kí ó sì dín àwọn ohun ìbàjẹ́ pàtàkì, bíi sulfur dioxide (SO2) kù sí 10 ogorun.[3]
== Paṣipaarọ Awọn Ẹtọ Ohun-ini Tianjin ==
Wọ́n ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ TPRE ní ọdún 1994, lábẹ́ ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ ìjọba. Ó jẹ́ aṣojú ìjọba lábẹ́ ìdarí Tianjin SASAC, ó sì jẹ́ pàṣípààrọ̀ kan ṣoṣo tí Tianjin SASAC yàn fún àwọn dúkìá àti ìṣòwò dúkìá ìjọba. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ orílẹ̀-èdè mẹ́ta tí SASAC gbà láàyè láti ṣe ìṣòwò dúkìá àti dúkìá àwọn SOE lábẹ́ ìdarí ìjọba àárín.[2]
== Awọn ọja iṣowo ati iṣẹ ==
Iṣowo itujade gaasi eefin Ile-iṣẹ Iṣowo ọja ọja ṣiṣe agbara Iṣowo itujade ti o da lori awọn ifọkansi ijọba ti o jẹ dandan Iṣowo aiṣedeede erogba ati awọn fọọmu miiran ti iṣowo idinku erogba atinuwa Iṣowo kariaye ni itujade gaasi eefin Iṣowo awọn ẹtọ itujade fun awọn idoti pataki Iṣowo itujade efin efin efin efin efin iṣowo itujade atẹgun kemikali Iṣowo itujade efin efin ti awọn oxides nitrogen ati awọn idoti miiran Awọn iṣẹ pipe fun itoju agbara ati idinku itujade Awọn iṣẹ ti a ṣepọ fun ẹrọ idagbasoke mimọ (CDM) Awọn iṣẹ akanṣe Awọn iṣẹ ti a ṣepọ fun iṣakoso agbara adehun (EMC) Awọn iṣẹ akanṣe ojutu erogba kekere fun agbegbe, ile-iṣẹ ati iṣẹ akanṣe Awọn iṣẹ imọran miiran Iṣowo idagbasoke ọja ati apẹrẹ Iṣowo itujade idagbasoke ọja ati apẹrẹ Idagbasoke ati apẹrẹ Idagbasoke ati apẹrẹ ti awọn itọsẹ inawo ayika Idagbasoke ati apẹrẹ ti awọn itọsẹ inawo ayika
== Wo tun ==
* Ilana Idagbasoke Mimọ
* Pàṣípààrọ̀ Àyíká Beijing
* Richard Sandor
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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* http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/news/press/release_20081223_CLE_announcement.pdf
* http://www.cnpc.com.cn/eng/press/newsreleases/CSR/d1495066-3c79-482a-a36b-88b834cf3f78.htm
* http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-10/27/content_7144537.htm
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.chinatcx.com.cn/ oju opo wẹẹbu osise]
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
ggn1fxxhylux1ente1utnoa3o0nks7i
Ibi ààbò ìjì líle Rambler Channel
0
80398
622314
2026-06-14T11:29:18Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321054824|Rambler Channel Typhoon Shelter]]"
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[[Fáìlì:HK_KTD_MTR_train_view_葵青區_Kwai_Tsing_District_Rambler_Channel_April_2022_Px3_11.jpg|thumb|Ibi aabo iji lile Rambler Channel.]]
'''Ibi ìpamọ́ ìjì líle Rambler Channel''' ( Chinese ) jẹ́ ibi ààbò ìjì líle kan ní Rambler Channel, nítòsí Kwai Chung, Hong Kong. Wọ́n kọ́ ọ ní ọdún 1966 pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n {{Convert|16|ha}} . Ní ọdún 2004, ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà jẹ́ {{Convert|13|ha}} .
[[Public Cargo Working Area|Agbegbe Ẹru Ikanni gbangba]] ti Rambler ({{Lang|zh-hant|藍巴勒海峽公眾貨物裝卸區}}) ) wà ní ibi ààbò ìjì líle níbi tí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi ti ń kó ẹrù àti tí wọ́n ń kó ẹrù jáde.
== Wo tun ==
* Àkójọ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní Hong Kong
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Rambler Channel Typhoon Shelter}}
0s2v32f2s0vuhxctys9q1kg9ebq3uyb
Ìkún omi Afghanistan ti ọdun 2022
0
80399
622315
2026-06-14T11:29:59Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1276538717|2022 Afghanistan floods]]"
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Ní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2022, ìkún omi kan àwọn apá kan ní [[Afghanístàn|Afghanistan]], ó sì pa ènìyàn 429. <ref name="D_400">{{Cite web|archivedate=27 June 2022}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n ròyìn pé àwọn ènìyàn 182 kú nítorí ìkún omi ní oṣù kẹjọ, àti ènìyàn 40 ní oṣù keje àti ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún ní oṣù kẹfà. Láti oṣù kẹjọ sí ọjọ́ kẹjọ, nígbà tí orílẹ̀-èdè náà ń gbádùn láti inú ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ ilẹ̀ ní agbègbè Khost, ìkún omi tún kọlu, ó pa ènìyàn 19 ní oṣù kẹfà, ènìyàn 39 ní oṣù keje, àti ènìyàn 182 mìíràn ní oṣù kẹjọ.
== Ipa ==
Afghanistan ti koju ogbele ati [[Àyípadà ipò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate change)|iyipada oju-ọjọ]], pẹlu ikore irugbin kekere ti o fa aito ounjẹ. Eyi ti mu osi ti o fa nipasẹ ọpọlọpọ ọdun ogun, idinku ninu iranlọwọ ajeji ati didẹ awọn ohun-ini ni okeere lẹhin ti awọn Taliban pada wa ati awọn ọmọ ogun ti Amẹrika dari kuro ni oṣu Kẹjọ.
=== Oṣù Karùn-ún ===
Ìkún omi tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní oṣù karùn-ún pa nǹkan bí ènìyàn 400. <ref name="D_400">{{Cite web|archivedate=27 June 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/heavy-rain-floods-afghanistan-kill-22-destroy-hundreds-homes-2022-05-05/|title=Heavy rain and floods in Afghanistan kill 22, destroy hundreds of homes|access-date=5 May 2022|archivedate=21 August 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=5 May 2022}}</ref> Òjò àti ìkún omi náà burú gan-an ní àwọn agbègbè Badghis, Faryab àti Baghlan . Hassibullah Shekhani, olórí ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ àti ìwífún ní National Disaster Management Authority ti Afghanistan, sọ pé ilé 500 ti bàjẹ́, ẹgbẹ̀rún méjì sì ti bàjẹ́, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta ẹran ọ̀sìn ló kú, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta sì ti bàjẹ́, ó sì ti bàjẹ́ tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́ta ó lé eékà. Ó tún sọ pé International Committee of the Red Cross ń ran àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́, àwọn àjọ àgbáyé mìíràn sì ń ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́.
=== Okudu Kẹfà–Oṣù Kẹjọ ===
Ní oṣù kẹfà, ènìyàn 19 kú nítorí ìkún omi. Àwọn 39 míràn tún kú ní oṣù keje. Ìkún omi ní oṣù kẹjọ pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn 182. Ilé tó lé ní ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́ta (3,000) ló bàjẹ́ tàbí bàjẹ́ nítorí ìkún omi náà.
== Wo tun ==
* Ìkún omi ní Gúúsù Éṣíà ti ọdún 2022
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
dz7sokbwlwlpe0xqcaahybgi45vowut
Àwọn Ààbò Ìjì Aberdeen
0
80400
622316
2026-06-14T11:30:44Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1277078265|Aberdeen Typhoon Shelters]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Ap_Lei_Chau_1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ààbò Ìjì Aberdeen West (tó ń wo gúúsù).]]
[[Fáìlì:Ocean_Park_Tai_Shue_Wan.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ààbò Ìjì Aberdeen Gúúsù (tó ń wo àríwá).]]
[[Fáìlì:Aberdeen_Harbour_view.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen South (tó ń wo gúúsù). Ìjọba Jumbo hàn gbangba ní àárín gbùngbùn.]]
'''Àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen''' ní Hong Kong ni '''ibi ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn''' ( Chinese Ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen South àti '''Ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen South''' (香港仔南避風塘 . Ààbò ìjì líle méjèèjì wà ní agbègbè Gúúsù, láàárín apá gúúsù ti erékùsù Hong Kong àti erékùsù Ap Lei Chau . Afárá Ap Lei Chau àti Afárá Aberdeen Channel ló ya wọ́n sọ́tọ̀ díẹ̀. Abúlé Aberdeen tó ń léfòó wà láàárín àwọn ààbò náà.
== Ìtàn ==
Àwọn ibi ìparẹ́ omi fún àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle méjèèjì ni a parí ní ọdún 1960.
== Ibi ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen West ==
Ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen West wà láàárín Aberdeen, tí ó wà ní erékùsù Hong Kong, àti Ap Lei Chau. Ó ní Shek Pai Wan nínú, tí a tún mọ̀ sí Aberdeen Bay.
== Ibi ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen South ==
Ààbò ìjì líle Aberdeen South wà láàárín Wong Chuk Hang, ní erékùsù Hong Kong àti Ap Lei Chau. <ref>[http://www.fso-createhk.gov.hk/lib/locations_search_details.cfm?type=1&File_No=01128 Hong Kong Film Services Office: Aberdeen South Typhoon Shelter]{{Dead link|date=October 2016|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ó gba apá pàtàkì kan ní Aberdeen Channel . Àwọn etíkun Sham Wan, tí ó ń gbé Aberdeen Marina, àti [[Po Chong Wan]] wà nínú ààbò náà. Ilé oúnjẹ Jumbo Kingdom floating wà nínú ààbò yìí títí di ọdún 2022.
== Wo tun ==
* Àkójọ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní Hong Kong
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.mardep.gov.hk/en/pub_services/ocean/pdf/lpf_ts_aw.pdf Ètò Àgbègbè Ìrìn Àjò ní Aberdeen West]
* [http://www.mardep.gov.hk/en/pub_services/ocean/pdf/lpf_ts_as.pdf Ètò Àgbègbè Ìrìn Àjò ní Aberdeen South Ibi Ààbò Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́]
<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|22.246025|114.153693}}
9pghtaloromykzr3lp2wstkisjwphvn
Ibi Ààbò Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Causeway Bay
0
80401
622317
2026-06-14T11:31:31Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338967818|Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter]]"
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{{Chinese||center|pic=HK Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter2006.jpg|picsize=250px|piccap=Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter in November 2006|s=铜锣湾避风塘|t=銅鑼灣避風塘|p=Tónglúowān bìfēngtáng|j=Tung<sup>4</sup> Lo<sup>4</sup> Waan<sup>1</sup> bei<sup>6</sup> fung<sup>1</sup> tong<sup>4</sup>|showflag=j}}
'''Ààbò ìjì líle Causeway Bay''' jẹ́ ibi ààbò ìjì líle kan tí ó wà ní Causeway Bay, [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], láàárín ẹnu ọ̀nà erékùsù Hong Kong ti Cross-Harbour Tunnel ní Erékùsù Kellett àti Island Eastern Corridor . Ó jẹ́ ibi ààbò ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ ní Hong Kong. Ó tóbi tó hektari 17 ní agbègbè rẹ̀.
== Ìtàn ==
Ibùdó ìjì líle ni wọ́n kọ́ lẹ́yìn ìjì líle ọdún 1874, níbi tí Victoria Park wà báyìí, láti pèsè ààbò fún àwọn ọkọ̀ apẹja nígbà ìjì líle. Wọ́n parí rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1883 pẹ̀lú omi ìjáde tí ó gùn tó mítà 427 (ẹsẹ̀ bàtà 1,400). Owó rẹ̀ jẹ́ HK$96,500. <ref name="book">{{Cite book|title=Challenges for an Evolving City - 160 Years of Port and Land Development in Hong Kong}}</ref>
Ní oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1903, ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin kan, Gershom Stewart, dábàá pé kí wọ́n fẹ̀ sí ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà. Wọ́n gbé ìgbésẹ̀ náà kalẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n wọn kò lè ṣe iṣẹ́ ìfẹ̀ sí i nítorí àìní owó. Ìgbìmọ̀ aṣòfin àti Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ọjà ti Hong Kong béèrè lọ́wọ́ Ìjọba Hong Kong lórí ìfẹ̀ sí i ní ọdún 1904 àti 1906, ṣùgbọ́n Ìjọba kò fúnni ní ìdáhùn kankan.
Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1906, ìjì líle kan kọlu Hong Kong, ó pa ọkọ̀ ojú omi 3,653 run, ó sì pa 15,000 ènìyàn, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn ni apẹja. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Weathering the Storm - Hong Kong Observatory and Social Development|publisher=Hong Kong University Press}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹta ọdún 1908, ìjọba ṣe iṣẹ́ ìfẹ̀sí lórí ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà, ó mú kí ó jìn sí i ní mítà mẹ́ta (ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́sàn-án) ó sì fẹ̀ sí i sí 30 hektari (75 acres). <ref name="book">{{Cite book|title=Challenges for an Evolving City - 160 Years of Port and Land Development in Hong Kong}}</ref>
Ní ọdún 1953, wọ́n gbé ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà lọ sí àríwá sí ibi tí ó wà nísinsìnyí, wọ́n sì tún gba ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà padà láti pèsè ilẹ̀ fún Victoria Park. Ibùdó ààbò ìjì tuntun náà ní ìwọ̀n hektari 26 (eka 65). <ref name="book">{{Cite book|title=Challenges for an Evolving City - 160 Years of Port and Land Development in Hong Kong}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn iṣẹ́ àtúnṣe tí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní ìparí ọdún 1960 láti kọ́ Odò Cross-Harbour dín ìwọ̀n ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà kù.
[[Fáìlì:Causeway_Bay_Typhoon_Shelter_1.jpg|center|thumb|800x800px|Ìwòran tó wà ní ojú ìwòran ibi ààbò ìjì líle Causeway Bay ní oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2008.]]
Pupọ ninu ibi aabo naa ni a tun gba pada fun igba diẹ bi agbegbe iṣẹ fun ikole ti Central-Wan Chai Bypass (iṣẹ fun Route 4 Reengineering), opopona abẹ́ ilẹ̀ kan, awọn iṣẹ abẹ ti o jẹ apakan iṣẹ akanṣe Wan Chai Phase II ti Central ati Wan Chai Reclamation, ti a bẹrẹ ni ọdun 2009.
Ní ọdún 2022, a tún ṣe àtúnṣe sí apá etíkun ẹ̀gbẹ́ ibi ààbò náà, tí ó bá Victoria Park mu, gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ìdàgbàsókè gbogbogbòò ti etíkun Victoria Harbor.
== Àwọn àníyàn nípa àyíká ==
Ìròyìn ìjọba kan ní ọdún 2005 sọ pé ibi ìtọ́jú ìjì líle Causeway Bay ní “ìpele gíga” ti tributyltin, tó ju ìlọ́po ẹgbẹ̀rún (1000) ìpele ìpìlẹ̀ tí wọ́n wọ̀n ní East Lamma Channel lọ. <ref>{{Cite conference|location=Hong Kong}}</ref>
== Àwọn ọ̀nà tó yí i ká ==
Ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn:
* Ọ̀nà Àgbélébùú Etíkun
Ní gúúsù:
* Opopona Gloucester
* Opopona Victoria Park
Ní ìlà-oòrùn:
* Erékùsù Ìlà Oòrùn Ọ̀na
== Àwọn ibi pàtàkì nítòsí ==
* Ẹgbẹ́ Ọkọ̀ Ojú Omi Royal Hong Kong
* Ìbọn ọ̀sán gangan
* Ààlà Central–Wan Chai
* Excelsior
* Páàkì Victoria
* Shelter Street, gúúsù Victoria Park, rántí ibi ààbò ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́
== Wo tun ==
* Àkójọ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní Hong Kong
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}}
nnirjsotre9eoq9k11xa7cxgre5kc72
Ìkún omi ní Gúúsù Ṣáínà ọdún 2008
0
80402
622318
2026-06-14T11:32:36Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355298842|2008 South China floods]]"
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'''Ìkún omi ti o waye ni Guusu China ni ọdun 2008''' bẹrẹ ni ọjọ 26 oṣu Karun ọdun 2008. Ojo mẹrin ti o n rọ pẹlu awọn ilẹ ati ikun omi fun ogun ọjọ o si kan awọn agbegbe mẹẹdogun ni Ila-oorun ati Gusu China . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-06-16/202715755518.shtml|title=20 Days of Rainstorms in South China Affected 15 Provinces|publisher=[[Sina.com]]|date=16 June 2008|access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref>
Ìpele àkọ́kọ́ ìkún omi kan àwọn agbègbè méjìlá ní Gúúsù China, ó sì pa ènìyàn mẹ́tàléláàádọ́rin ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún. Ìpele tuntun ìkún omi bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù kẹfà, ó sì gbá àwọn agbègbè mẹ́sàn-án ní gúúsù China, ó pa ènìyàn márùndínlọ́gọ́ta, méje sì sọnù, ó sì fipá mú kí mílíọ̀nù kan ààbọ̀ kúrò ní ìlú náà ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹfà. Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìwádìí Ojú-ọjọ́ ti Orílẹ̀-èdè China ti sọ pé òjò ńlá yóò máa rọ̀, àti pé òjò ní àwọn agbègbè Guizhou, Sichuan àti Yunnan yóò pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n 30 sí 70% ju ti àkókò kan náà ní ọdún tó kọjá lọ.
== Ilẹ̀ Àárín Gbùngbùn Ṣáínà ==
Àwọn agbègbè Mainland tí ó ní ipa ní Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian àti Guangdong .
=== Oṣù Karùn-ún ===
Orile-ede China lojoojumọ pe ojo nla ti o fa nipasẹ awọn irugbin awọsanma ni awọn agbegbe gusu ti pa eniyan 64 ni May.[1] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ìṣàkóso Ìkún Omi ti Ìpínlẹ̀ àti orílé-iṣẹ́ Ìrànwọ́ Ìrànwọ́ Ogbele, ìkún-omi ti gba ẹ̀mí ènìyàn 59 títí di àkókò yìí ti ọdún.[2]
=== Okudu Kẹfà ===
Láti ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹfà, àwọn ibì kan ní Guangdong ní òjò líle koko. Lẹ́yìn ọjọ́ méje, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) ṣe ìwádìí nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìkún omi ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kẹfà. Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Ìkún Omi àti Ìrànlọ́wọ́ Dídùn Ọgbà àti National Meteorological Centre (NMC) méjèèjì gbé àwọn ìpele pajawiri sókè, wọ́n ń retí òjò líle àti ààrá líle. Ní ìparí ọ̀sẹ̀ ọjọ́ keje sí ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹfà, Guangzhou Daily ròyìn pé ó jẹ́ òjò tó rọ̀ jùlọ ní ọdún àádọ́ta fún ìpínlẹ̀ Guangdong. <ref name="Chinadaily1" /> Ìkún omi tó burú jùlọ ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún ló kọlu Wuzhou . Ní ọjọ́ méjì, òjò tó rọ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè kan ju 400 millimeters lọ (15.7) ínṣì). <ref name="Yahoo1" />
Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹfà, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àgbàyanu Omi sọ pé ilẹ̀ oko tó tó mílíọ̀nù kan hekta ló ní ipa lórí, àwọn agbègbè tó ní ìpalára jùlọ ni Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan àti Hubei . Láti ọjọ́ karùndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹfà, ó tó ènìyàn méjìdínlógún ló kú, pẹ̀lú mílíọ̀nù méjìlélógún ènìyàn ló ní ipa lórí ní ìlú mẹ́tàdínlógún ní Guangdong. Òjò tó rọ̀ tó {{Convert|415|mm|in}} lápapọ̀. jẹ́ ìlọ́po méjì ìpele ìgbà pípẹ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn oníròyìn tí wọ́n ń ròyìn rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Òjò líle".
Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹfà, ó lé ní ibì kan ní Shenzhen tí omi bo ilẹ̀. Ìkún omi ti mú kí ó lé ní mílíọ̀nù 1.66 ènìyàn láti sá kúrò níbẹ̀, ó mú kí ilé 67,000 wó lulẹ̀, ó sì pa ènìyàn 63. Ní ọjọ́ mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn aláṣẹ ní Guangdong kìlọ̀ nípa “oṣù kẹfà dúdú” bí ìjì líle, òjò àti àwọn odò ti ń halẹ̀ mọ́ àwọn odò . Jákèjádò agbègbè náà, a gbọ́ pé 169 ló kú nínú ìkún omi náà.
Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹfà, àwọn agbègbè pàtàkì tí òjò rọ̀ ni àwọn àfonífojì Odò Huai, Guizhou, Sichuan àti àárín àti ìsàlẹ̀ Odò Yangtze . Òjò líle tún rọ̀ ní Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Qinghai, àti Inner Mongolia . Ní ìparí oṣù náà, àwọn ènìyàn 252 ló kú nínú ìjì òjò àti ìkún omi.
== Họngi Kọngi ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Main|2008 June Hong Kong rainstorm}}Ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹfà, ó ju {{Convert|400|mm|in}} òjò rọ̀ ní erékùsù Lantau àti ju {{Convert|300|mm|in}} lọ wó lulẹ̀ ní erékùsù Hong Kong . Nígbà tí ó fi di ọ̀sán gangan, a gbọ́ pé ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó 40 ìṣàn ilẹ̀ àti ìkún omi 156. Ní Tsim Sha Tsui, àkọsílẹ̀ òjò ọdún 124 fún wákàtí kan wó lulẹ̀, pẹ̀lú 145.5 mm (5.73) ìnṣì) òjò tí wọ́n ń kọ sílẹ̀. Wọ́n dí ọ̀nà North Lantau Highway, fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ àti títí di ìsinsìnyí, láti ìgbà tí wọ́n ti ṣí i ní ọdún 1997, nítorí ìjì ilẹ̀. <ref name="scmp2" /> Ìrìn ilẹ̀ sí àwọn abúlé Tai O ni a dá dúró, èyí sì mú kí ìjọba mú kí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tó ń lọ sí àti láti àwọn abúlé náà pọ̀ sí i. Àwọn oníṣòwò ìwé ìròyìn ní òpópónà ròyìn pé omi náà ń wá kíákíá, ó sì kún àdúgbò náà láàárín ìṣẹ́jú márùn-ún sí ibi tí ó jinlẹ̀ sí (lórí orúnkún). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìjì ilẹ̀ náà pa ènìyàn méjì ní Tuen Mun . Nítorí náà, ilé iṣẹ́ Hong Kong Observatory yí ìkìlọ̀ " ìjì òjò amber " padà sí ìkìlọ̀ " ìjì òjò dúdú ". <ref name="scmp2" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080618153103/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/15/content_8371986.htm Iwo Ilu China]
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7455239.stm Ìròyìn BBC]
* [https://archive.today/20130104191613/http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-34068820080615 Reuters]
* [http://news.sina.com.cn/z/nfdszyby08/index.shtml Ìkún omi ní Gúúsù Ṣáínà ti ọdún 2008], Sina.com (in Chinese)
fer86mzj425bsbuhm53livsu11swycj
Òjò òjò Hong Kong ti Okudu kẹfà ọdún 2008
0
80403
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Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340898480|2008 June Hong Kong rainstorm]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=October 2018}}
{{expand Chinese|date=September 2020|topic=hist}}}}'''Ìjì òjò Hong Kong ti oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2008''' jẹ́ òjò tó rọ̀ ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2008 tó fa ìkún omi àti ìṣàn ilẹ̀. Ó yọrí sí ikú ènìyàn méjì àti ìpalára mẹ́rìndínlógún. Ilé ìwòsàn Hong Kong ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ òjò tó rọ̀ tó 145.5mm ní orílé iṣẹ́ wọn láàárín 8:00 sí 9:00, èyí tó fi hàn pé òjò tó rọ̀ tó ga jùlọ ní wákàtí kan ló wà ní ipò kejì. Àròpọ̀ òjò tó rọ̀ tó rọ̀ tó 307.1mm ló wà ní ọjọ́ náà.
Àwọsánmà òkè ayọnáyèéfín tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ìbúgbàù òkè ayọnáyèéfín Chaiten ní Chile ní ọjọ́ Kejì oṣù Karùn-ún ọdún 2008, ní nǹkan bí agogo 8:00 alẹ́ àkókò gbogbogbòò tí a ṣètò ni a rí nípasẹ̀ àyẹ̀wò Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Data (MODIS) láti ní ipa lórí Hong Kong ní ọjọ́ kẹfà oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2008, lẹ́yìn ọjọ́ mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n tí ó bá àkókò ìfọ́ e-folding ti sulfur dioxide mu.
== Ìrọ̀lẹ́ ==
Àfonífojì kan ti ń rọ̀ ní etíkun Gúúsù China láti ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008. Ní àṣálẹ́ ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹfà, òjò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí rọ̀ ní Hong Kong. Òjò náà dojúkọ erékùsù Lantau, Kowloon àti erékùsù Hong Kong . Òjò náà pọ̀ sí i láàárín àkókò 8:00 àti 9:00, pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ Hong Kong Observatory tí ó ní òjò 145.5mm, èyí tí ó ga jùlọ. Ní Tung Chung, òjò gbogbo ọjọ́ náà ju 400mm lọ, Olórí Àgbà àtijọ́, Donald Tsang, sì pè é ní ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ “ẹ̀ẹ̀kan ní ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún”. Ẹ̀ka Ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ àti Ìdàgbàsókè ti Hong Kong fojú díwọ̀n rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ “ẹ̀ẹ̀kan ní ọdún 1100”.
== Àwọn Àmì Ìjì Òjò ==
Wọ́n gbé àmì òjò Amber jáde ní agogo 5:15, ó sì ga sí Pupa ní agogo 05:55. Wọ́n gba 112mm, 101mm, àti 86mm òjò sílẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè Ìlà Oòrùn, Gúúsù, àti Sai Kung lẹ́sẹẹsẹ. Ilé ìwòsàn Hong Kong ṣe àmì òjò dúdú ní agogo 06:40, wọ́n sì gbé e kalẹ̀ fún wákàtí mẹ́rin àti ogún ìṣẹ́jú. Pupa rọ́pò dúdú ní agogo 11:00, lẹ́yìn náà wọ́n fi Amber rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní agogo 11:30. Wọ́n fagilé gbogbo àmì náà ní agogo 13:30. Wọ́n ṣe ìkìlọ̀ nípa ìyípadà ilẹ̀ láti agogo 01:00 oṣù kẹfà, ọjọ́ keje sí agogo 12:00 oṣù kẹfà, ọjọ́ kẹjọ.
== Àwọn Agbègbè Tuntun ==
Odi kan ní Old Coffee Bay, Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun wó lulẹ̀, ó sì wó lulẹ̀ lórí ilé ìtajà kan, èyí tó pa àwọn oníbàárà méjì tí wọ́n jẹ́ ìbátan nígbà tí wọ́n wá láti orílẹ̀-èdè [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] . Láìka gbogbo ìsapá àwọn oníná àti àwọn ará ìlú tó wà nítòsí sí, wọn kò tíì rí òkú wọn títí di agogo 18:30. Ojú ọ̀nà North Lantau rí ìkún omi tó le gan-an. Ìṣàn omi ńlá ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Tung Chung, ó sì dí gbogbo ọ̀nà ọ̀nà náà. Ìrìnàjò ilẹ̀ láàárín Tung Chung, pápákọ̀ òfurufú àti àárín ìlú dáwọ́ dúró pátápátá, àyàfi iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú irin.
== Kowloon ==
Apá kan ti Hung Hom Road wó lulẹ̀ ní agogo 13:00 ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Okudu kẹfà nítorí òjò líle tó rọ̀ ní ọjọ́ tó kọjá, èyí sì fa ìyàtọ̀.
== Erékùsù Họ́ńgì ==
Wọ́n rí ìkún omi tó tó mílíọ̀nù kan ààbọ̀ ní Sheung Wan, àti omi òkun tó ń ṣàn padà. Omi kún ilé àwọn abúlé ní Pokfulam, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀nà, títí bí Tai Hang Road, Pokfulam Road, Water Street àti Hill Road, Wong Nai Chung Road, Tin Lok Lane àti Wong Chuk Hang Road. Wọ́n rí ilẹ̀ tó ń sẹ̀ ní ìlú Kennedy Town pẹ̀lú àwọn òkè mẹ́tàlá tó ''léwu'' lẹ́yìn ìjì òjò náà.
== Àwọn ipa ==
* Àwọn ìròyìn nípa ìṣàn ilẹ̀ 326 àti ìkún omi 539 ni wọ́n ròyìn
* Àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú 410 ni wọ́n dá dúró, wọ́n sì fagilé 14 ní Okudu 7.
* Wọ́n ti pa ọgbà ìtura Hong Kong Wetland àti Disneyland Resort fún ìgbà díẹ̀ ní òwúrọ̀
* Iṣẹ́ Ngong Ping 360 ti dáwọ́ dúró
* Gbogbo awọn ile ifowopamọ ati awọn ajọ idajọ ti tiipa fun ọjọ naa
* A fi opin si ipin ile-iwe alakọbẹrẹ
* Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ipa ọ̀nà ìrìn ni a ti pa, tí a yà kúrò tàbí tí a ti dí pa pátápátá, pàápàá jùlọ ní erékùsù Lantau
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
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Ìjì líle Ruth (1980)
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2026-06-14T11:35:05Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289016966|Tropical Storm Ruth (1980)]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css" /> {{Storm path|Ruth 1980 track.png|colors=old}}'''Ìjì líle koko Ruth''' jẹ́ [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru]] tí kò lágbára ṣùgbọ́n tí ó parun tí ó kọlu [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1980. Láti inú ìjì òjò ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà, bí ó ṣe ń tẹ̀síwájú sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ó le sí i ní ìjì òoru ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹsàn-án. Ní àkọ́kọ́, ó dé ògógóró pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá tí ó dúró pẹ́ tó 50 mph (85 km/h) km/h), lẹ́yìn tí ó wó lulẹ̀ ní Hainan, China ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹsàn-án, ó di ìjì kékeré. Láìka èyí sí, omi gbígbóná ti Gulf of Tonkin gba Ruth láàyè láti tún le sí i, ó sì dé ibi gíga gẹ́gẹ́ bí Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ti sọ àti ìjì kékeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) ti sọ. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, ó dé ibi kejì rẹ̀ ní agbègbè Thanh Hóa, Vietnam. Nígbà tí ó ń rọra rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó wà ní ilẹ̀, ó yọ́ sí orí Bilauktaung Range ní ọjọ́ kẹjọdínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án.
Ìjì líle tó burú jùlọ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní agbègbè Thanh Hóa láàárín ọgbọ̀n ọdún, Ruth fa àìnílé tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó 500,000 ènìyàn. Ó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ ní Vietnam, ó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó burú jáì ní agbègbè náà, ó sì pa ènìyàn 164.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹsàn-án, ìṣàn omi òjò kan ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà tí ó wà nínú ìṣàn omi òjò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọjú. Bí ó ti ń tọ́pasẹ̀ ìṣàn omi òjò fún ọjọ́ méjì tó tẹ̀lé e, <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹsàn-án, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) yan ètò náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣàn omi òjò òjò. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ìwádìí sypnotic fi hàn pé ìṣàn omi ètò náà ń dàgbàsókè, èyí tí ó mú kí Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) tẹ̀lé JMA láti sọ ọ́ di ìṣàn omi òjò òjò ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, JTWC ṣàkíyèsí pé ìṣàn omi òjò ti le sí ìjì òjò òjò, ó sọ ọ́ ní Ruth, <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> pẹ̀lú JMA lẹ́yìn náà nípa gbígbé Ruth ga ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="JMABT" /> Nígbà tí ó ń yára sí àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ní wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, Ruth dé ilẹ̀ ní Erékùṣù Hainan, {{Convert|40|NM|km}} guusu ila oorun Haikou, pẹlu afẹfẹ ti o duro fun iṣẹju kan ti 50 mph (85 km/h) km/h) . <ref name="RuthJTWC" />
Bí Ruth ṣe ń rọ́jú, bí Ruth ṣe wọ Òkun Tonkin ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹsàn-án, ìṣàn omi ti mú kí ètò náà bàjẹ́, èyí sì mú kí ó dín ìjì líle díẹ̀ kù. <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite report}}</ref> <ref name="RuthJTWC">{{Cite report}}</ref> Láìka èyí sí, Òkun Tonkin, èyí tí ó gbóná tó 29 nígbà náà, gbóná tó bẹ́ẹ̀., jẹ́ àyíká tó dára fún ìjì líle tí kò lágbára láti kọjá, èyí tó mú kí Ruth túbọ̀ le sí i. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Nítorí náà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí JTWC ṣe sọ, Ruth fara da ìjì líle kíákíá, tó sì dé ibi tó pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú ìjì líle tó jìn tó ìṣẹ́jú kan tó jẹ́ 75 mph (120 km/h) km/h) . <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Sibẹsibẹ, JMA sọ pe Ruth ti de oke giga pẹlu afẹfẹ ti o duro fun iṣẹju mẹwa ti 65 mph (100 km/h) km/h) ní àkókò náà. <ref name="JMABT" /> Ní wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án, Ruth gúnlẹ̀ sí gúúsù Thanh Hóa, Vietnam ní agbára gíga jùlọ. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Bí ó ti ń rẹ̀wẹ̀sì kíákíá nígbà tí ó wọ inú ilẹ̀, ní wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, JTWC dẹ́kun títẹ̀lé Ruth, ó sọ pé ó ti wó lulẹ̀. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Ṣùgbọ́n, JMA ń tẹ̀síwájú láti tọpa Ruth tí ó ń rẹ̀wẹ̀sì títí di ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án. <ref name="JMABT" /> Àwọn àṣẹ́kù Ruth yọ́ kúrò ní Bilauktaung Range ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="RuthJTWC" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
Ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹsàn-án, Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) gbé àmì ìdádúró Nọ́mbà 1 sókè bí Ruth ti wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|210|NM|km}} . Ní ọjọ́ kejì, wọ́n ṣe àtúnṣe sí àmì afẹ́fẹ́ líle Nọ́mbà 3 ní ọjọ́ kejì. Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ìparí ọjọ́ 15 oṣù kẹsàn-án, gbogbo àmì náà dínkù. Ruth ló fa òjò díẹ̀ àti ìjì líle ní erékùṣù náà. <ref name="RuthHKO" />
=== Vietnam ===
Ní Vietnam, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdajì mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn tí wọ́n ti di aláìnílé. Ìjì líle tó burú jùlọ tó kọlu agbègbè Thanh Hoa láàárín ọgbọ̀n ọdún, ìròyìn kan láti ọwọ́ ''GeoHazards'' ní ọdún 2022 sọ pé láti ọdún 1970 sí 2018, Ruth ni ìjì líle tó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní agbègbè náà. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=free}}</ref> Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ilé ló kún fún omi, àpapọ̀ ènìyàn 164 ló sì kú nítorí Ruth. <ref name="RuthDeaths">{{Cite book|archive-date=2017-10-19}}</ref> Ènìyàn 97 ló farapa. <ref>{{Cite book|archive-date=2024-09-27}}</ref>
Bí Ruth tí ó rẹ̀wẹ̀sì ṣe ń tẹ̀síwájú sí Ìlà Oòrùn Thailand àti Laos, òjò tó ń rọ̀ sí àǹfààní tó pọ̀ tó 100 mm (3.9) ni) ni a rí ní àwọn ibì kan. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin|date=1980-09-23|pages=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBVSAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA12-PA14|volume=63|publisher=The Bureau|access-date=2024-08-18|archive-date=2024-09-27}}</ref>
== Àbájáde ==
Lẹhin ti Ruth, Soviet Union ra alikama ti o to $50 milionu lati Australia ati Greece lati ṣiṣẹ bi iranlọwọ pajawiri fun ijọba Vietnam. Laibikita idilọwọ eyikeyi iranlọwọ lati firanṣẹ si Vietnam nitori Ogun Cambodian–Vietnamese ti nlọ lọwọ, awọn alaṣẹ ilu Ọstrelia fọwọsi adehun yii.[1][2]
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css" /> {{Storm path|Ruth 1980 track.png|colors=old}}'''Ìjì líle koko Ruth''' jẹ́ [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru]] tí kò lágbára ṣùgbọ́n tí ó parun tí ó kọlu [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1980. Láti inú ìjì òjò ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà, bí ó ṣe ń tẹ̀síwájú sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ó le sí i ní ìjì òoru ní ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹsàn-án. Ní àkọ́kọ́, ó dé ògógóró pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá tí ó dúró pẹ́ tó 50 mph (85 km/h) km/h), lẹ́yìn tí ó wó lulẹ̀ ní Hainan, China ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹsàn-án, ó di ìjì kékeré. Láìka èyí sí, omi gbígbóná ti Gulf of Tonkin gba Ruth láàyè láti tún le sí i, ó sì dé ibi gíga gẹ́gẹ́ bí Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ti sọ àti ìjì kékeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) ti sọ. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, ó dé ibi kejì rẹ̀ ní agbègbè Thanh Hóa, Vietnam. Nígbà tí ó ń rọra rẹ̀ nígbà tí ó wà ní ilẹ̀, ó yọ́ sí orí Bilauktaung Range ní ọjọ́ kẹjọdínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án.
Ìjì líle tó burú jùlọ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní agbègbè Thanh Hóa láàárín ọgbọ̀n ọdún, Ruth fa àìnílé tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó 500,000 ènìyàn. Ó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ ní Vietnam, ó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó burú jáì ní agbègbè náà, ó sì pa ènìyàn 164.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹsàn-án, ìṣàn omi òjò kan ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà tí ó wà nínú ìṣàn omi òjò bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọjú. Bí ó ti ń tọ́pasẹ̀ ìṣàn omi òjò fún ọjọ́ méjì tó tẹ̀lé e, <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹsàn-án, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) yan ètò náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣàn omi òjò òjò. Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, àwọn ìwádìí sypnotic fi hàn pé ìṣàn omi ètò náà ń dàgbàsókè, èyí tí ó mú kí Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) tẹ̀lé JMA láti sọ ọ́ di ìṣàn omi òjò òjò ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, JTWC ṣàkíyèsí pé ìṣàn omi òjò ti le sí ìjì òjò òjò, ó sọ ọ́ ní Ruth, <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> pẹ̀lú JMA lẹ́yìn náà nípa gbígbé Ruth ga ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="JMABT" /> Nígbà tí ó ń yára sí àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ní wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, Ruth dé ilẹ̀ ní Erékùṣù Hainan, {{Convert|40|NM|km}} guusu ila oorun Haikou, pẹlu afẹfẹ ti o duro fun iṣẹju kan ti 50 mph (85 km/h) km/h) . <ref name="RuthJTWC" />
Bí Ruth ṣe ń rọ́jú, bí Ruth ṣe wọ Òkun Tonkin ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹsàn-án, ìṣàn omi ti mú kí ètò náà bàjẹ́, èyí sì mú kí ó dín ìjì líle díẹ̀ kù. <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite report}}</ref> <ref name="RuthJTWC">{{Cite report}}</ref> Láìka èyí sí, Òkun Tonkin, èyí tí ó gbóná tó 29 nígbà náà, gbóná tó bẹ́ẹ̀., jẹ́ àyíká tó dára fún ìjì líle tí kò lágbára láti kọjá, èyí tó mú kí Ruth túbọ̀ le sí i. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Nítorí náà, gẹ́gẹ́ bí JTWC ṣe sọ, Ruth fara da ìjì líle kíákíá, tó sì dé ibi tó pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú ìjì líle tó jìn tó ìṣẹ́jú kan tó jẹ́ 75 mph (120 km/h) km/h) . <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Sibẹsibẹ, JMA sọ pe Ruth ti de oke giga pẹlu afẹfẹ ti o duro fun iṣẹju mẹwa ti 65 mph (100 km/h) km/h) ní àkókò náà. <ref name="JMABT" /> Ní wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án, Ruth gúnlẹ̀ sí gúúsù Thanh Hóa, Vietnam ní agbára gíga jùlọ. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Bí ó ti ń rẹ̀wẹ̀sì kíákíá nígbà tí ó wọ inú ilẹ̀, ní wákàtí díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn náà, JTWC dẹ́kun títẹ̀lé Ruth, ó sọ pé ó ti wó lulẹ̀. <ref name="RuthJTWC" /> Ṣùgbọ́n, JMA ń tẹ̀síwájú láti tọpa Ruth tí ó ń rẹ̀wẹ̀sì títí di ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹsàn-án. <ref name="JMABT" /> Àwọn àṣẹ́kù Ruth yọ́ kúrò ní Bilauktaung Range ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="RuthJTWC" />{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
Ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹsàn-án, Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) gbé àmì ìdádúró Nọ́mbà 1 sókè bí Ruth ti wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|210|NM|km}} . Ní ọjọ́ kejì, wọ́n ṣe àtúnṣe sí àmì afẹ́fẹ́ líle Nọ́mbà 3 ní ọjọ́ kejì. Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ìparí ọjọ́ 15 oṣù kẹsàn-án, gbogbo àmì náà dínkù. Ruth ló fa òjò díẹ̀ àti ìjì líle ní erékùṣù náà. <ref name="RuthHKO" />
=== Vietnam ===
Ní Vietnam, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó ìdajì mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn tí wọ́n ti di aláìnílé. Ìjì líle tó burú jùlọ tó kọlu agbègbè Thanh Hoa láàárín ọgbọ̀n ọdún, ìròyìn kan láti ọwọ́ ''GeoHazards'' ní ọdún 2022 sọ pé láti ọdún 1970 sí 2018, Ruth ni ìjì líle tó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní agbègbè náà. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=free}}</ref> Ẹgbẹẹgbẹ̀rún ilé ló kún fún omi, àpapọ̀ ènìyàn 164 ló sì kú nítorí Ruth. <ref name="RuthDeaths">{{Cite book|archive-date=2017-10-19}}</ref> Ènìyàn 97 ló farapa. <ref>{{Cite book|archive-date=2024-09-27}}</ref>
Bí Ruth tí ó rẹ̀wẹ̀sì ṣe ń tẹ̀síwájú sí Ìlà Oòrùn Thailand àti Laos, òjò tó ń rọ̀ sí àǹfààní tó pọ̀ tó 100 mm (3.9) ni) ni a rí ní àwọn ibì kan. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin|date=1980-09-23|pages=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBVSAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA12-PA14|volume=63|publisher=The Bureau|access-date=2024-08-18|archive-date=2024-09-27}}</ref>
== Àbájáde ==
Lẹhin ti Ruth, Soviet Union ra alikama ti o to $50 milionu lati Australia ati Greece lati ṣiṣẹ bi iranlọwọ pajawiri fun ijọba Vietnam. Laibikita idilọwọ eyikeyi iranlọwọ lati firanṣẹ si Vietnam nitori Ogun Cambodian–Vietnamese ti nlọ lọwọ, awọn alaṣẹ ilu Ọstrelia fọwọsi adehun yii.[1][2]
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358634668|Typhoon Koryn (1993)]]"
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'''Ìjì líle Koryn''', tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ '''Goring''' ní agbègbè náà, ni ìjì kẹta tí a pè ní ìjì líle, ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ àti ìjì líle alágbára ní àsìkò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 1993. Koryn bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹfà ó sì dé ipò ìjì líle alágbára ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà pẹ̀lú ìjì líle ní ìwọ̀n {{Convert|160|mph|km/h}} àti ìfúnpá barometric ti 900 Àwọn millibars. Ìjì líle kan tí ó lágbára, Koryn, fa ìbàjẹ́ ńlá jákèjádò àwọn erékùsù Caroline, [[Filipínì|Philippines]], àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àwọn Ènìyàn ti China, ó sì pa ènìyàn mẹ́tàdínlógójì àti $14. mílíọ̀nù (1993 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ). Ó jẹ́ ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní gbogbo àgbáyé ní ọdún 1993 .
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Koryn 1993 path.png|left|300px|colors=new}}Agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kékeré kan wà nítòsí àwọn erékùsù Caroline ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹfà, ó sì lọ sí àríwá, lẹ́yìn náà ó lọ sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn, níbi tí ó ti ń lágbára sí i, ó sì di Ìjì Ńlá Koryn ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹfà. Lẹ́yìn náà, Koryn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹfà, àwọn fọ́tò sátẹ́láìtì fi hàn pé ìrìn àjò náà jẹ́ {{Convert|10|mi|km}} iwọn ila opin oju ti o nṣẹda ninu iji ati afẹfẹ ti n dagba ti {{Convert|75|mph|km/h}} ni a tun rii, eyi ti o mu ki awọn onimọ asọtẹlẹ sọ lati mu Koryn pọ si ipo iji lile.
Ní ọjọ́ kejì, Koryn yára lágbára sí i láti di ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ ní àsìkò yìí pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ {{Convert|150|mph|km/h}} àti ìwọ̀n titẹ tó kéré jù ti 905 millibars. Ìfúnpọ̀ kíákíá náà wáyé láàrín àkókò wákàtí mẹ́tàlélógún.
Lẹ́yìn tí ìjì líle náà dé, ìjì líle náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọlẹ̀, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wó lulẹ̀ ní àríwá [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Lẹ́yìn tí ó wó lulẹ̀ ní àríwá Philippines ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà, Koryn wọ Òkun Gúúsù China gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle Ẹ̀ka Kejì . Ìjì líle náà dúró títí ó fi dé ilẹ̀. Ó ń gbéra ní ìwọ̀n 30 km/h, ìjì náà wó lulẹ̀ nítòsí [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ó sì di ìjì líle títí tí ìjì náà fi parẹ́ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹfà.
== Àwọn ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ==
Àwọn aláṣẹ ní Joint Typhoon Ikilọ Center ti kìlọ̀ nípa ìjì líle ilẹ̀ fún àwọn erékùsù Caroline bí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ Tropical 6W ṣe ń gbilẹ̀. Ní orílẹ̀-èdè China, àwọn aláṣẹ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kìlọ̀ nípa ìjì líle bí ìjì líle náà ṣe ń jì tó {{Convert|220|mi|km}} láti ibi tí wọ́n ti ń wó lulẹ̀. Àwọn ìròyìn nípa ìsákúrò láti Philippines kí ìjì náà tó dé kò sí.
== Ipa ==
Nígbà tí Koryn kọjá Ulithi, erékùsù kan ní àwọn erékùsù Caroline, ó mú {{Convert|5.53|in|mm}} wá. ti ojo ati {{Convert|70|mph|km/h}}Afẹ́fẹ́ . Kò sí ìròyìn ikú tàbí ìpalára kankan, àti pé òrùlé àti ìbàjẹ́ ọkà díẹ̀ ló bàjẹ́. Ní Philippines, ìjì náà fa ìyalẹ̀ ilẹ̀ tó pọ̀ tó fi pa ènìyàn 28-51, ó ṣe àwọn 109 míì léṣe, ó sì fi $14 sílẹ̀ fún $14. mílíọ̀nù (1993) USD) ní ìbàjẹ́. Ìjọba Philippines kéde àwọn agbègbè mẹ́rìndínlógún tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìjábá ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ìjì náà. Ní Hong Kong, ibùdó ojú ọjọ́ kan àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ tí a gbà sílẹ̀ dé {{Convert|70|mph|km/h}} àti òjò gíga tó rọ̀ tó {{Convert|29.1|in|cm}} . Ní [[Màkáù|Macau]], ìjì náà fa ìkún omi tó pọ̀ tó fi mú kí àwọn ènìyàn tó lé ní 600 wá ibi ìsádi. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle tún mú kí afárá ojú ọ̀nà ti pa. Koryn tún mú ìjì líle ti 2–3 wá. Àwọn mítà tó ga ju bí ó ti yẹ lọ ní etíkun [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] . Ìbàjẹ́ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní China burú gan-an. Ní Guangdong, afẹ́fẹ́ ìjì líle àti òjò ńlá ba àwọn oko jẹ́, ó ba ilé àti ilé tó lé ní 378,000 jẹ́ tàbí ó ba jẹ́ gan-an, èyí tó kàn ju 5.3 lọ. mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn. Àpapọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ ní China ju 1.2 lọ bilionu [[Renminbi|RMB]] (US$210) mílíọ̀nù). <ref name="hko" />
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Ìjì líle Sally (1996)
* Ìjì líle Imbudo
* Ìjì líle Usagi (2013)
* Ìjì líle Hagupit (2008)
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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'''Ìjì líle Koryn''', tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ '''Goring''' ní agbègbè náà, ni ìjì kẹta tí a pè ní ìjì líle, ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ àti ìjì líle alágbára ní àsìkò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 1993. Koryn bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹfà ó sì dé ipò ìjì líle alágbára ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà pẹ̀lú ìjì líle ní ìwọ̀n {{Convert|160|mph|km/h}} àti ìfúnpá barometric ti 900 Àwọn millibars. Ìjì líle kan tí ó lágbára, Koryn, fa ìbàjẹ́ ńlá jákèjádò àwọn erékùsù Caroline, [[Filipínì|Philippines]], àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àwọn Ènìyàn ti China, ó sì pa ènìyàn mẹ́tàdínlógójì àti $14. mílíọ̀nù (1993 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ). Ó jẹ́ ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní gbogbo àgbáyé ní ọdún 1993 .
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Koryn 1993 path.png|left|300px|colors=new}}Agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kékeré kan wà nítòsí àwọn erékùsù Caroline ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹfà, ó sì lọ sí àríwá, lẹ́yìn náà ó lọ sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn, níbi tí ó ti ń lágbára sí i, ó sì di Ìjì Ńlá Koryn ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹfà. Lẹ́yìn náà, Koryn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹfà, àwọn fọ́tò sátẹ́láìtì fi hàn pé ìrìn àjò náà jẹ́ {{Convert|10|mi|km}} iwọn ila opin oju ti o nṣẹda ninu iji ati afẹfẹ ti n dagba ti {{Convert|75|mph|km/h}} ni a tun rii, eyi ti o mu ki awọn onimọ asọtẹlẹ sọ lati mu Koryn pọ si ipo iji lile.
Ní ọjọ́ kejì, Koryn yára lágbára sí i láti di ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ ní àsìkò yìí pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ {{Convert|150|mph|km/h}} àti ìwọ̀n titẹ tó kéré jù ti 905 millibars. Ìfúnpọ̀ kíákíá náà wáyé láàrín àkókò wákàtí mẹ́tàlélógún.
Lẹ́yìn tí ìjì líle náà dé, ìjì líle náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọlẹ̀, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wó lulẹ̀ ní àríwá [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Lẹ́yìn tí ó wó lulẹ̀ ní àríwá Philippines ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà, Koryn wọ Òkun Gúúsù China gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle Ẹ̀ka Kejì . Ìjì líle náà dúró títí ó fi dé ilẹ̀. Ó ń gbéra ní ìwọ̀n 30 km/h, ìjì náà wó lulẹ̀ nítòsí [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ó sì di ìjì líle títí tí ìjì náà fi parẹ́ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹfà.
== Àwọn ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ==
Àwọn aláṣẹ ní Joint Typhoon Ikilọ Center ti kìlọ̀ nípa ìjì líle ilẹ̀ fún àwọn erékùsù Caroline bí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ Tropical 6W ṣe ń gbilẹ̀. Ní orílẹ̀-èdè China, àwọn aláṣẹ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kìlọ̀ nípa ìjì líle bí ìjì líle náà ṣe ń jì tó {{Convert|220|mi|km}} láti ibi tí wọ́n ti ń wó lulẹ̀. Àwọn ìròyìn nípa ìsákúrò láti Philippines kí ìjì náà tó dé kò sí.
== Ipa ==
Nígbà tí Koryn kọjá Ulithi, erékùsù kan ní àwọn erékùsù Caroline, ó mú {{Convert|5.53|in|mm}} wá. ti ojo ati {{Convert|70|mph|km/h}}Afẹ́fẹ́ . Kò sí ìròyìn ikú tàbí ìpalára kankan, àti pé òrùlé àti ìbàjẹ́ ọkà díẹ̀ ló bàjẹ́. Ní Philippines, ìjì náà fa ìyalẹ̀ ilẹ̀ tó pọ̀ tó fi pa ènìyàn 28-51, ó ṣe àwọn 109 míì léṣe, ó sì fi $14 sílẹ̀ fún $14. mílíọ̀nù (1993) USD) ní ìbàjẹ́. Ìjọba Philippines kéde àwọn agbègbè mẹ́rìndínlógún tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìjábá ṣẹlẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ìjì náà. Ní Hong Kong, ibùdó ojú ọjọ́ kan àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ tí a gbà sílẹ̀ dé {{Convert|70|mph|km/h}} àti òjò gíga tó rọ̀ tó {{Convert|29.1|in|cm}} . Ní [[Màkáù|Macau]], ìjì náà fa ìkún omi tó pọ̀ tó fi mú kí àwọn ènìyàn tó lé ní 600 wá ibi ìsádi. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle tún mú kí afárá ojú ọ̀nà ti pa. Koryn tún mú ìjì líle ti 2–3 wá. Àwọn mítà tó ga ju bí ó ti yẹ lọ ní etíkun [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] . Ìbàjẹ́ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní China burú gan-an. Ní Guangdong, afẹ́fẹ́ ìjì líle àti òjò ńlá ba àwọn oko jẹ́, ó ba ilé àti ilé tó lé ní 378,000 jẹ́ tàbí ó ba jẹ́ gan-an, èyí tó kàn ju 5.3 lọ. mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn. Àpapọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ ní China ju 1.2 lọ bilionu [[Renminbi|RMB]] (US$210) mílíọ̀nù). <ref name="hko" />
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Ìjì líle Sally (1996)
* Ìjì líle Imbudo
* Ìjì líle Usagi (2013)
* Ìjì líle Hagupit (2008)
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
sl7j38ey3pxacjlx7jayu73qep2nkxw
Àmì Òjò Alẹ́ Líle
0
80406
622324
2026-06-14T11:37:20Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358400052|Strong Monsoon Signal]]"
622324
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Multiple issues|{{Cleanup|reason=tell the reader how the signal is deployed|date=December 2025}}
{{Primary sources|date=December 2025}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles>
'''Ifihan agbara Monsoon ti o lagbara''' ( {{Langx|yue|強烈季候風信號}} ), tí a sábà máa ń pè ní '''Bọ́ọ̀lù Dúdú''' , jẹ́ ìkìlọ̀ ojú ọjọ́ tí Hong Kong Observatory ń fúnni nígbà tí afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú òjò ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn tàbí ìgbà òtútù bá ń fẹ́ ju kìlómítà 40 lọ ní wákàtí kan nítòsí ìpele òkun níbikíbi ní Hong Kong. Láìdàbí Àwọn Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Oòrùn Tropical Cyclone, àmì náà kò ní ààlà òkè, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, tí afẹ́fẹ́ bá lágbára lọ́nà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀, " Special Weather Tips " " ni a o fi silẹ. Ojo otutu maa n fẹ lati ariwa tabi lati ila oorun nigba ti ojo ooru maa n fẹ lati guusu iwọ-oorun. Ni awọn ibi ti o fara han gbangba, afẹfẹ ojo le kọja kilomita 70 fun wakati kan. A le fi ami naa han nigbati [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|iji lile oorun]] ba n lọ siwaju tabi kuro lati Hong Kong. (fun apẹẹrẹ Iji lile Tropical Fengshen <ref>{{Cite news|title=天氣|天文台取消所有熱帶氣旋警告信號|url=https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0-%E9%A2%A8%E7%A5%9E%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B8%AF800%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D-%E8%80%83%E6%85%AE%E6%98%8E%E5%8D%885%E6%99%82%E8%87%B37%E6%99%82%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%99%9F%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F-151000450.html|accessdate=1 November 2025}}</ref> ati Typhoon Kajiki )
A le fi ifihan agbara naa jade tabi ni ipa pẹlu awọn ifihan agbara miiran ti o tun wa ni ipa (bii Awọn ifihan agbara Ikilọ Iji ojo, Thunderstorm Warning [ yue ], Special Announcement on Flooding in the northern New Territories [ yue ], Landslip Warning [ yue ], Frost Warning [ yue ], Fire Danger Warnings [ yue ], Cold Weather Warning [ yue ] àti Very Hot Weather Warning [ Yú ] ).
Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru ni a máa ń gbé jáde nígbà tí agbára afẹ́fẹ́ bá ní Hong Kong tí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru bá kan, nígbà tí àmì ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru tó lágbára bá ń jáde nígbà tí òjò bá ń kan agbára afẹ́fẹ́ ní Hong Kong. Tí àwọn méjèèjì bá kan Hong Kong ní àkókò kan náà , ilé ìwòran yóò ṣe àyẹ̀wò èyí tó ní ipa lórí afẹ́fẹ́ jùlọ, fún àpẹẹrẹ ipò ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, ìtọ́sọ́nà afẹ́fẹ́ gbogbogbòò ní Hong Kong àti ọriniinitutu, kí ó tó fi àmì ìkìlọ̀ tó yẹ hàn.
Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà tí àwọn méjèèjì bá kan Hong Kong ní àkókò kan náà, ilé ìwòran náà yóò fúnni ní àmì Strong Monsson Signal, wọn yóò sì fúnni ní àmì Strong Afẹ́fẹ́ No. 3 bí Ìjì Tropical Cyclone ṣe ń sún mọ́ Hong Kong. (fún àpẹẹrẹ Ìjì Tropical Storm <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1827856-20251019.htm?|title=強烈季候風信號正效 天文台料本港吹偏東強風|publisher=RTHK|date=19 October 2025|access-date=3 November 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 September 2023|title=202124W (KOMPASU 圓規)|url=https://www.hkww.org/weather/2021/review/review202124w.php|access-date=3 November 2025|publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=20 October 2025|title=T3 issued but higher signal not likely|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1827977-20251020.htm|publisher=RTHK|access-date=3 November 2025}}</ref> Lionrock <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 September 2023|title=202122W (LIONROCK 獅子山)|url=https://www.hkww.org/weather/2021/review/review202122w.php|access-date=3 November 2025|publisher=}}</ref> ).
== Ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Àmì Òjò Alẹ́ Gíga Láti Ọdún 2000 ==
Orísun:
* Ó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Okudu kẹfà ọdún 2026
* Ó ń tọ́ka sí àwọn tí a ti tẹ̀ jáde jùlọ láti ọdún 2000
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="8" |Wind Direction
! rowspan="2" |Total
|-
!North
!Northeast
!East
!Southeast
!South
!Southwest
!West
!Northwest
|-
|2000
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''13'''
|0
|12
|2
|1
|1
|0
|0
|29
|-
|2001
|9
|3
|3
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''4'''
|0
|0
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2002
|8
|0
|6
|2
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|18
|-
|2003
|8
|1
|12
|2
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|25
|-
|2004
|7
|1
|9
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|18
|-
|2005
|7
|0
|10
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2006
|2
|1
|11
|0
|0
|2
|0
|0
|16
|-
|2007
|3
|1
|9
|0
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|15
|-
|2008
|5
|0
|10
|1
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|20
|-
|2009
|10
|2
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''15'''
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''28'''
|-
|2010
|6
|0
|8
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|15
|-
|2011
|9
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''4'''
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|21
|-
|2012
|9
|0
|12
|2
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|25
|-
|2013
|5
|2
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''15'''
|2
|0
|1
|0
|0
|25
|-
|2014
|6
|1
|11
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|20
|-
|2015
|4
|0
|13
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2016
|4
|0
|12
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|17
|-
|2017
|5
|3
|12
|1
|1
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|24
|-
|2018
|6
|0
|10
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|-
|2019
|5
|1
|14
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|20
|-
|2020
|3
|1
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''15'''
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2021
|6
|0
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|14
|-
|2022
|5
|1
|12
|2
|0
|1
|0
|0
|21
|-
|2023
|8
|0
|8
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|-
|2024
|5
|0
|9
|0
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|16
|-
|2025
|11
|1
|10
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|23
|-
|'''2026'''
|2
|0
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|7
|-
!Total{{Efn|Since 1 January 2000|name=n1}}
!171
!23
!279
!24
!5
!25
!0
!0
!527
|-
!Average{{Efn||name=n1}}
!6.333
!0.851
!10.333
!0.888
!0.185
!0.925
!0
!0
!19.518
|}
== Wo tun ==
* Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ti Hong Kong
* Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì òjò ní Hong Kong
* Àwòrán Ìṣọ́ Hong Kong
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>
21rmnwc5q2hrc7mgnwci7dkln3so28g
622325
622324
2026-06-14T11:37:52Z
Quinlan83
22370
Fix
622325
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Multiple issues|{{Cleanup|reason=tell the reader how the signal is deployed|date=December 2025}}
{{Primary sources|date=December 2025}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles>
'''Ifihan agbara Monsoon ti o lagbara''' ( {{Langx|yue|強烈季候風信號}} ), tí a sábà máa ń pè ní '''Bọ́ọ̀lù Dúdú''' , jẹ́ ìkìlọ̀ ojú ọjọ́ tí Hong Kong Observatory ń fúnni nígbà tí afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú òjò ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn tàbí ìgbà òtútù bá ń fẹ́ ju kìlómítà 40 lọ ní wákàtí kan nítòsí ìpele òkun níbikíbi ní Hong Kong. Láìdàbí Àwọn Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Oòrùn Tropical Cyclone, àmì náà kò ní ààlà òkè, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, tí afẹ́fẹ́ bá lágbára lọ́nà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀, " Special Weather Tips " " ni a o fi silẹ. Ojo otutu maa n fẹ lati ariwa tabi lati ila oorun nigba ti ojo ooru maa n fẹ lati guusu iwọ-oorun. Ni awọn ibi ti o fara han gbangba, afẹfẹ ojo le kọja kilomita 70 fun wakati kan. A le fi ami naa han nigbati [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|iji lile oorun]] ba n lọ siwaju tabi kuro lati Hong Kong. (fun apẹẹrẹ Iji lile Tropical Fengshen <ref>{{Cite news|title=天氣|天文台取消所有熱帶氣旋警告信號|url=https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0-%E9%A2%A8%E7%A5%9E%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B8%AF800%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D-%E8%80%83%E6%85%AE%E6%98%8E%E5%8D%885%E6%99%82%E8%87%B37%E6%99%82%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E7%99%BC%E5%87%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%99%9F%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F-151000450.html|accessdate=1 November 2025}}</ref> ati Typhoon Kajiki )
A le fi ifihan agbara naa jade tabi ni ipa pẹlu awọn ifihan agbara miiran ti o tun wa ni ipa (bii Awọn ifihan agbara Ikilọ Iji ojo, Thunderstorm Warning [ yue ], Special Announcement on Flooding in the northern New Territories [ yue ], Landslip Warning [ yue ], Frost Warning [ yue ], Fire Danger Warnings [ yue ], Cold Weather Warning [ yue ] àti Very Hot Weather Warning [ Yú ] ).
Yàtọ̀ sí àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, èyí jẹ́ nítorí pé àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru ni a máa ń gbé jáde nígbà tí agbára afẹ́fẹ́ bá ní Hong Kong tí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru bá kan, nígbà tí àmì ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru tó lágbára bá ń jáde nígbà tí òjò bá ń kan agbára afẹ́fẹ́ ní Hong Kong. Tí àwọn méjèèjì bá kan Hong Kong ní àkókò kan náà , ilé ìwòran yóò ṣe àyẹ̀wò èyí tó ní ipa lórí afẹ́fẹ́ jùlọ, fún àpẹẹrẹ ipò ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, ìtọ́sọ́nà afẹ́fẹ́ gbogbogbòò ní Hong Kong àti ọriniinitutu, kí ó tó fi àmì ìkìlọ̀ tó yẹ hàn.
Lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà tí àwọn méjèèjì bá kan Hong Kong ní àkókò kan náà, ilé ìwòran náà yóò fúnni ní àmì Strong Monsson Signal, wọn yóò sì fúnni ní àmì Strong Afẹ́fẹ́ No. 3 bí Ìjì Tropical Cyclone ṣe ń sún mọ́ Hong Kong. (fún àpẹẹrẹ Ìjì Tropical Storm <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1827856-20251019.htm?|title=強烈季候風信號正效 天文台料本港吹偏東強風|publisher=RTHK|date=19 October 2025|access-date=3 November 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 September 2023|title=202124W (KOMPASU 圓規)|url=https://www.hkww.org/weather/2021/review/review202124w.php|access-date=3 November 2025|publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=20 October 2025|title=T3 issued but higher signal not likely|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1827977-20251020.htm|publisher=RTHK|access-date=3 November 2025}}</ref> Lionrock <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 September 2023|title=202122W (LIONROCK 獅子山)|url=https://www.hkww.org/weather/2021/review/review202122w.php|access-date=3 November 2025|publisher=}}</ref> ).
== Ìfilọ́lẹ̀ Àmì Òjò Alẹ́ Gíga Láti Ọdún 2000 ==
Orísun:
* Ó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ Okudu kẹfà ọdún 2026
* Ó ń tọ́ka sí àwọn tí a ti tẹ̀ jáde jùlọ láti ọdún 2000
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="8" |Wind Direction
! rowspan="2" |Total
|-
!North
!Northeast
!East
!Southeast
!South
!Southwest
!West
!Northwest
|-
|2000
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''13'''
|0
|12
|2
|1
|1
|0
|0
|29
|-
|2001
|9
|3
|3
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''4'''
|0
|0
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2002
|8
|0
|6
|2
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|18
|-
|2003
|8
|1
|12
|2
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|25
|-
|2004
|7
|1
|9
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|18
|-
|2005
|7
|0
|10
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2006
|2
|1
|11
|0
|0
|2
|0
|0
|16
|-
|2007
|3
|1
|9
|0
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|15
|-
|2008
|5
|0
|10
|1
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|20
|-
|2009
|10
|2
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''15'''
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''28'''
|-
|2010
|6
|0
|8
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|15
|-
|2011
|9
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''4'''
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|21
|-
|2012
|9
|0
|12
|2
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|25
|-
|2013
|5
|2
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''15'''
|2
|0
|1
|0
|0
|25
|-
|2014
|6
|1
|11
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|20
|-
|2015
|4
|0
|13
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2016
|4
|0
|12
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|17
|-
|2017
|5
|3
|12
|1
|1
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|24
|-
|2018
|6
|0
|10
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|-
|2019
|5
|1
|14
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|20
|-
|2020
|3
|1
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''15'''
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|19
|-
|2021
|6
|0
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|14
|-
|2022
|5
|1
|12
|2
|0
|1
|0
|0
|21
|-
|2023
|8
|0
|8
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|-
|2024
|5
|0
|9
|0
|0
| style="background-color: yellow;" |'''2'''
|0
|0
|16
|-
|2025
|11
|1
|10
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|23
|-
|'''2026'''
|2
|0
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|7
|-
!Total{{Efn|Since 1 January 2000|name=n1}}
!171
!23
!279
!24
!5
!25
!0
!0
!527
|-
!Average{{Efn||name=n1}}
!6.333
!0.851
!10.333
!0.888
!0.185
!0.925
!0
!0
!19.518
|}
== Wo tun ==
* Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ti Hong Kong
* Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì òjò ní Hong Kong
* Àwòrán Ìṣọ́ Hong Kong
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>
f01p3xixe6hapmh5zt7xr4xfqrsbf9f
Páàkì Orílẹ̀-èdè Sembilang
0
80407
622326
2026-06-14T11:38:08Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340147388|Sembilang National Park]]"
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Páàkì Orílẹ̀-èdè Sembilang''' jẹ́ páàkì orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní 2,051 tó ní agbègbè tó tóbi. km <sup>2</sup> ní etíkun ìlà-oòrùn Sumatra, [[Indonésíà|Indonesia]] . Àwọn igbó ilẹ̀ ló kún fún àwọn igbó bíi igbó eérú, bíi Berbak National Park tó wà nítòsí, àwọn ọgbà méjèèjì sì jẹ́ ilẹ̀ omi Ramsar tó ṣe pàtàkì kárí ayé. A gbà pé ọgbà náà ní àwùjọ ẹyẹ etíkun tó díjú jùlọ ní àgbáyé, pẹ̀lú àwọn irúgbìn 213 tó wà níbẹ̀, ó sì ń ṣètìlẹ́yìn fún àwọn ẹyẹ àkọ̀ tó ní wàrà tó tóbi jùlọ ní àgbáyé. <ref name="Ramsar" /> Láti Palembang sí Sembilang National Park, a nílò ìrìn àjò wákàtí kan pẹ̀lú wákàtí kan ààbọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti wákàtí kan lórí ilẹ̀.
== Àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko ==
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ọgbà náà ni àwọn igbó máńgòrò bo, nígbà tí àwọn tó kù sì jẹ́ igbó àpáàdì, igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru, àwọn ilẹ̀ onípele, àwọn igbó àpáàdì omi tútù àti àwọn igbó odò .
Páàkì náà ní ibùgbé fún àwọn ẹranko oníranmọ́ mẹ́tàléláàádọ́ta, títí bí ẹkùn Sumatran tí ó wà nínú ewu, erin Sumatran, tapir Malayan, gibbon agile àti siamang, àti àmọ̀tẹ́kùn Sunda tí ó ní ìkùukùu, ológbò ológbò tí ó ní àwọ̀ dúdú, ológbò tí ó ní orí fífẹ̀, [[Òfàfà ti orun|béárì oòrùn]] àti macaque tí ó ní ìrù ẹlẹ́dẹ̀ gúúsù . Àwọn ẹ̀dá afàyàfà ní ààrá omi iyọ̀ àti gáríálì èké .
Àwọn ẹja tó lé ní ogójì (140) àti oríṣi ẹja kankáàbà mẹ́rìndínlógójì ló ń gbé inú àwọn odò tó wà ní ọgbà náà, àti òtà ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù tó wà nínú ewu, òtà tó ní àwọ̀ dídán, òtà ńlá Malaysia, òtà Amboina, òtà Asiatic softshell, òtà porpoise tí kò ní fíìmù àti òtà Irrawaddy .
Nínú ọgbà náà ni agbègbè ìbímọ tó tóbi jùlọ ti àwọn ẹyẹ àkọ̀ oníwúrà ní àgbáyé wà, àti ọ̀kan lára àwọn agbègbè tó tóbi jùlọ ti àwọn olùtọ́jú kékeré . Àwọn ẹyẹ mìíràn tó wà nínú ewu ní ọgbà náà ni ẹyẹ àkọ̀ Storm, pẹ́pẹ́yẹ oníyẹ́ funfun, ẹyẹ greenshank Nordmann àti ẹyẹ Far Eastern curlew . A ti ṣírò iye ẹyẹ tó wà ní ọgbà náà tó mílíọ̀nù kan, nígbà tí ní àsìkò òtútù tó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún (100,000) ẹyẹ tó ń ṣí kiri dúró síbẹ̀ fún ìsinmi.
== Ìpamọ́ àti àwọn ewu ==
Wọ́n ti kéde páàkì orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní ọdún 2003. Ó wà lábẹ́ ewu láti inú igi kékeré tí kò bófin mu, pípa àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn ẹja ní ìpele kan ní ọdún kan àti àwọn iṣẹ́ adágún ẹja etíkun. Wọ́n ti ṣe àtúnṣe sí ọgbà Mangrove fún 200 hektari, wọ́n sì tún ń fi kún un síbẹ̀.
Pẹ̀lú Páàkì Orílẹ̀-èdè Berbak tó wà ní agbègbè Jambi, a gbà Sembilang gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserve ní ọdún 2018.
Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kìíní, ọdún 2020, Jakarta Post kéde pé erékùsù Betet tí kò sí ènìyàn nínú ọgbà ìtura náà ti rì sí ìsàlẹ̀ omi ní mítà kan ní ìsàlẹ̀ omi òkun nítorí ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ . Erékùsù Betet jẹ́ ibi tí ẹkùn Sumatran kan tí ó wà nínú ewu wà tẹ́lẹ̀.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}{{National parks of Indonesia}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228170749/http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/TN%20INDO-ENGLISH/Sembilang_NP.htm Ilé Iṣẹ́ Igbó: Àpèjúwe kúkúrú]
{{Tourist attractions in Indonesia}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Sembilang National Park}}
mbu3k2wcdjpdbwk00p5bx6u5ohfk2sz
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2026-06-14T11:38:46Z
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22370
Fix
622327
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text/x-wiki
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Páàkì Orílẹ̀-èdè Sembilang''' jẹ́ páàkì orílẹ̀-èdè tó ní 2,051 tó ní agbègbè tó tóbi. km <sup>2</sup> ní etíkun ìlà-oòrùn Sumatra, [[Indonésíà|Indonesia]] . Àwọn igbó ilẹ̀ ló kún fún àwọn igbó bíi igbó eérú, bíi Berbak National Park tó wà nítòsí, àwọn ọgbà méjèèjì sì jẹ́ ilẹ̀ omi Ramsar tó ṣe pàtàkì kárí ayé. A gbà pé ọgbà náà ní àwùjọ ẹyẹ etíkun tó díjú jùlọ ní àgbáyé, pẹ̀lú àwọn irúgbìn 213 tó wà níbẹ̀, ó sì ń ṣètìlẹ́yìn fún àwọn ẹyẹ àkọ̀ tó ní wàrà tó tóbi jùlọ ní àgbáyé. <ref name="Ramsar" /> Láti Palembang sí Sembilang National Park, a nílò ìrìn àjò wákàtí kan pẹ̀lú wákàtí kan ààbọ̀ nípasẹ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi àti wákàtí kan lórí ilẹ̀.
== Àwọn ewéko àti ẹranko ==
Nǹkan bí ìdajì gbogbo ọgbà náà ni àwọn igbó máńgòrò bo, nígbà tí àwọn tó kù sì jẹ́ igbó àpáàdì, igbó ilẹ̀ olóoru, àwọn ilẹ̀ onípele, àwọn igbó àpáàdì omi tútù àti àwọn igbó odò .
Páàkì náà ní ibùgbé fún àwọn ẹranko oníranmọ́ mẹ́tàléláàádọ́ta, títí bí ẹkùn Sumatran tí ó wà nínú ewu, erin Sumatran, tapir Malayan, gibbon agile àti siamang, àti àmọ̀tẹ́kùn Sunda tí ó ní ìkùukùu, ológbò ológbò tí ó ní àwọ̀ dúdú, ológbò tí ó ní orí fífẹ̀, [[Òfàfà ti orun|béárì oòrùn]] àti macaque tí ó ní ìrù ẹlẹ́dẹ̀ gúúsù . Àwọn ẹ̀dá afàyàfà ní ààrá omi iyọ̀ àti gáríálì èké .
Àwọn ẹja tó lé ní ogójì (140) àti oríṣi ẹja kankáàbà mẹ́rìndínlógójì ló ń gbé inú àwọn odò tó wà ní ọgbà náà, àti òtà ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù tó wà nínú ewu, òtà tó ní àwọ̀ dídán, òtà ńlá Malaysia, òtà Amboina, òtà Asiatic softshell, òtà porpoise tí kò ní fíìmù àti òtà Irrawaddy .
Nínú ọgbà náà ni agbègbè ìbímọ tó tóbi jùlọ ti àwọn ẹyẹ àkọ̀ oníwúrà ní àgbáyé wà, àti ọ̀kan lára àwọn agbègbè tó tóbi jùlọ ti àwọn olùtọ́jú kékeré . Àwọn ẹyẹ mìíràn tó wà nínú ewu ní ọgbà náà ni ẹyẹ àkọ̀ Storm, pẹ́pẹ́yẹ oníyẹ́ funfun, ẹyẹ greenshank Nordmann àti ẹyẹ Far Eastern curlew . A ti ṣírò iye ẹyẹ tó wà ní ọgbà náà tó mílíọ̀nù kan, nígbà tí ní àsìkò òtútù tó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́rùn-ún (100,000) ẹyẹ tó ń ṣí kiri dúró síbẹ̀ fún ìsinmi.
== Ìpamọ́ àti àwọn ewu ==
Wọ́n ti kéde páàkì orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní ọdún 2003. Ó wà lábẹ́ ewu láti inú igi kékeré tí kò bófin mu, pípa àwọn ohun ọ̀gbìn ẹja ní ìpele kan ní ọdún kan àti àwọn iṣẹ́ adágún ẹja etíkun. Wọ́n ti ṣe àtúnṣe sí ọgbà Mangrove fún 200 hektari, wọ́n sì tún ń fi kún un síbẹ̀.
Pẹ̀lú Páàkì Orílẹ̀-èdè Berbak tó wà ní agbègbè Jambi, a gbà Sembilang gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserve ní ọdún 2018.
Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kìíní, ọdún 2020, Jakarta Post kéde pé erékùsù Betet tí kò sí ènìyàn nínú ọgbà ìtura náà ti rì sí ìsàlẹ̀ omi ní mítà kan ní ìsàlẹ̀ omi òkun nítorí ìyípadà ojú ọjọ́ . Erékùsù Betet jẹ́ ibi tí ẹkùn Sumatran kan tí ó wà nínú ewu wà tẹ́lẹ̀.
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}{{National parks of Indonesia}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228170749/http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/TN%20INDO-ENGLISH/Sembilang_NP.htm Ilé Iṣẹ́ Igbó: Àpèjúwe kúkúrú]
{{Tourist attractions in Indonesia}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Sembilang National Park}}
sa8inkr1i8i77ieia0kw199lhw9dgt8
Ibi ìpamọ́ ìjì líle Yau Ma Tei
0
80408
622328
2026-06-14T11:38:48Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1273501645|Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>
[[Fáìlì:Hong_Kong_(27971979830).jpg|thumb|Ibi ààbò ìjì líle ti Yau Ma Tei ní àwọn ọdún 1970.]]
[[Fáìlì:HK_1985.jpg|thumb|Ààbò ìjì líle ti Yau Ma Tei (tí a lè rí ní ẹ̀yìn) ní ọdún 1985.]]
[[Fáìlì:Tai_Kok_Tsui.jpg|right|thumb|Tuntun Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Koseemani ni ọdun 2016.]]
'''Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Koseemani''' ( Chinese ) jẹ ibi aabo iji lile ti o wa nitosi Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, Ilu Họngi Kọngi.
== Ìtàn ==
Ìjọba Hong Kong gbèrò láti kọ́ ilé ààbò ìjì líle kejì lẹ́yìn (àtijọ́) Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter ní ìparí ọdún 1906. Ní ọdún 1908, Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Àpapọ̀ pinnu láti kọ́ ilé ààbò ìjì líle náà ní Yau Ma Tei. Iṣẹ́ lórí ilé ààbò ìjì líle náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1910 sí 1915. Iye owó náà jẹ́ HK$2.21 mílíọ̀nù. Sir Francis Henry May, Gómìnà Hong Kong nígbà náà, ló ṣí ilé ààbò ìjì líle náà ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1915.
Àwọn ènìyàn ọkọ̀ ojú omi Yau Ma Tei gbé ní ibùgbé náà láti nǹkan bí ọdún 1916 sí 1990.
Iṣẹ́ Àtúnṣe Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Kowloon bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1990 gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan Ètò Àkójọpọ̀ Pápá Òfurufú, èyí tí ó nílò àyípadà fún ibi ààbò ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́. A kọ́ ibi ààbò ìjì tuntun náà sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn ti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a sì parí rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1992. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Challenges for an Evolving City - 160 Years of Port and Land Development in Hong Kong|author=Ho Pui-yin|publisher=The Commercial Press|isbn=962-07-6336-X|date=2004}}</ref>
Àwọn ilé gbígbé tí a kọ́ sí ilẹ̀ tí a tún padà ní ibi ààbò ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ náà ni: Park Avenue, Charming Garden àti Hoi Fu Court .
Láti mú kí omi tó wà ní ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà sunwọ̀n síi, ìkọ́lé ẹ̀rọ ìdènà ojú ọjọ́ gbígbẹ ní Cherry Street bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017, a sì retí pé yóò parí ní ìparí ọdún 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìjì líle Hong Kong ti ọdún 1908
* Àkójọ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní Hong Kong
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Kíkà síwájú síi ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter}}
* {{Cite news|date=1973|title=The Yaumatei Typhoon Shelter, HK 1900-1915" (the debate over its construction)|url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/1b9f137e3e72f376fc9ecfe5d9c293d3.pdf|location=[[Hong Kong]]}}
{{Victoria Harbour}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|22.3099|114.1570}}
2s1h1r6bzeszflbifopj9s19ewvl2ve
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<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>
[[Fáìlì:Hong_Kong_(27971979830).jpg|thumb|Ibi ààbò ìjì líle ti Yau Ma Tei ní àwọn ọdún 1970.]]
[[Fáìlì:HK_1985.jpg|thumb|Ààbò ìjì líle ti Yau Ma Tei (tí a lè rí ní ẹ̀yìn) ní ọdún 1985.]]
[[Fáìlì:Tai_Kok_Tsui.jpg|right|thumb|Tuntun Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Koseemani ni ọdun 2016.]]
'''Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Koseemani''' ( Chinese ) jẹ ibi aabo iji lile ti o wa nitosi Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, Ilu Họngi Kọngi.
== Ìtàn ==
Ìjọba Hong Kong gbèrò láti kọ́ ilé ààbò ìjì líle kejì lẹ́yìn (àtijọ́) Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter ní ìparí ọdún 1906. Ní ọdún 1908, Ẹ̀ka Iṣẹ́ Àpapọ̀ pinnu láti kọ́ ilé ààbò ìjì líle náà ní Yau Ma Tei. Iṣẹ́ lórí ilé ààbò ìjì líle náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1910 sí 1915. Iye owó náà jẹ́ HK$2.21 mílíọ̀nù. Sir Francis Henry May, Gómìnà Hong Kong nígbà náà, ló ṣí ilé ààbò ìjì líle náà ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1915.
Àwọn ènìyàn ọkọ̀ ojú omi Yau Ma Tei gbé ní ibùgbé náà láti nǹkan bí ọdún 1916 sí 1990.
Iṣẹ́ Àtúnṣe Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Kowloon bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1990 gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan Ètò Àkójọpọ̀ Pápá Òfurufú, èyí tí ó nílò àyípadà fún ibi ààbò ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́. A kọ́ ibi ààbò ìjì tuntun náà sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn ti ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, a sì parí rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1992. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Challenges for an Evolving City - 160 Years of Port and Land Development in Hong Kong|author=Ho Pui-yin|publisher=The Commercial Press|isbn=962-07-6336-X|date=2004}}</ref>
Àwọn ilé gbígbé tí a kọ́ sí ilẹ̀ tí a tún padà ní ibi ààbò ìjì líle àkọ́kọ́ náà ni: Park Avenue, Charming Garden àti Hoi Fu Court .
Láti mú kí omi tó wà ní ibi ààbò ìjì líle náà sunwọ̀n síi, ìkọ́lé ẹ̀rọ ìdènà ojú ọjọ́ gbígbẹ ní Cherry Street bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017, a sì retí pé yóò parí ní ìparí ọdún 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìjì líle Hong Kong ti ọdún 1908
* Àkójọ àwọn ibi ààbò ìjì líle ní Hong Kong
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Kíkà síwájú síi ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter}}
* {{Cite news|date=1973|title=The Yaumatei Typhoon Shelter, HK 1900-1915" (the debate over its construction)|url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/1b9f137e3e72f376fc9ecfe5d9c293d3.pdf|location=[[Hong Kong]]}}
{{Victoria Harbour}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|22.3099|114.1570}}
2w7mmjibe1cb5btel46jf6tbzu59sct
Ìṣàn òjò Uttarakhand ti ọdún 2025
0
80409
622330
2026-06-14T11:39:32Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343577608|2025 Uttarakhand avalanche]]"
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Ilẹ̀ '''Uttarakhand Àṣálẹ̀ 2025''' jẹ́ òjò yìnyín tó léwu tó kọlu àgọ́ Border Roads Organization (BRO) ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kejì ọdún 2025, nítòsí abúlé Mana ní agbègbè Chamoli ní [[Uttarakhand]], Íńdíà. Òjò yìnyín náà sin àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ 54 sínú àpótí mẹ́jọ àti ilé ìṣúra kan ní gíga tó ju ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́wàá lọ, nítòsí ààlà Íńdíà àti Ṣáínà . Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ṣẹlẹ̀ láàrín 5:30 òwúrọ̀ sí 6:00 òwúrọ̀ IST, ní agbègbè tí òjò yìnyín àti àwọn ipò òtútù líle koko ti lè ṣẹlẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-03-01|title=Uttarakhand avalanche: Mana villagers saved by ancient wisdom & annual migration|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uttarakhand-avalanche-mana-villagers-saved-by-ancient-wisdom-annual-migration/articleshow/118637614.cms}}</ref>
== Awọn iṣẹ igbala ==
Àwọn ọlọ́pàá ààlà Indo-Tibet (ITBP) ló ṣáájú iṣẹ́ ìgbàlà náà, pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Íńdíà, Ẹgbẹ́ Ìdáhùn Àjálù Orílẹ̀-èdè (NDRF), àti Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Íńdíà . Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tó lé ní 200 ni wọ́n kó lọ síbi iṣẹ́ náà, tí wọ́n dojú kọ ojú ọjọ́ líle koko, yìnyín líle, òtútù líle (−12) °C sí −15 °C), àti àìríran tó dára.
Àwọn ohun èlò pàtàkì, títí bí kámẹ́rà àwòrán ooru, radar tí ń wọ inú ilẹ̀ (GPR), àwọn ajá tí ń gbóná ara, àti àwọn drone, ni a lò láti wá àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n há mọ́ inú. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kejì, a gba àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n là, lẹ́yìn náà ni a gba àwọn mẹ́tàdínlógún mìíràn ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹta. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, mẹ́rin lára àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí a gbà là kú nítorí ìpalára, èyí tí ó mú kí iye àwọn tí ó kú sí mẹ́jọ.
Ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹta, ọdún 2025, wọ́n rí òkú òṣìṣẹ́ tó sọnù kẹ́yìn, èyí tó fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ìgbàlà náà ti parí.
== Ipa ati abajade rẹ ==
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n gbà là náà farapa gidigidi, àwọn kan sì wà ní ipò tó le koko. Àwọn tó là á já ròyìn bí òjò ṣe rọ̀ lójijì, tó sì mú wọn dẹ́kun yìnyín. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ kan yè nípa jíjẹ yìnyín àti wíwá ibi ìsádi ní hótéẹ̀lì kan tó wà nítòsí. Àwọn tó farapa gidigidi ni wọ́n gbé lọ sí AIIMS Rishikesh àti àwọn ilé ìwòsàn ológun fún ìtọ́jú.
== Àyíká ilẹ̀ àti àyíká ==
Òjò yìnyín náà ṣẹlẹ̀ nítòsí Mana Pass, agbègbè gíga kan nítòsí ààlà India àti China, tí a mọ̀ fún àwọn ipò òtútù líle koko àti àwọn òjò yìnyín tí ó máa ń rọ̀ nígbà gbogbo. Ìwọ̀n ìgbà tí òjò yìnyín ń pọ̀ sí i àti bí ó ṣe le tó ní [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] ni a ti so mọ́ [[Àyípadà ipò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate change)|ìyípadà ojúọjọ́]] àti àwọn ìrísí ojúọjọ́ tí a kò lè sọ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà tẹnu mọ́ ewu tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ń dojú kọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé gíga àti àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ààbò tí ó sunwọ̀n sí i ní irú àwọn agbègbè tí ó ní ìṣòro àyíká. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-10-04|title=Uttarakhand avalanche: At least 10 dead and dozens missing in Indian Himalayas|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63132996|access-date=2025-03-02|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìkún omi Uttarakhand ti ọdún 2021
* Àkójọ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpakúpa tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìpele ìjìnlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ iye àwọn tí ó kú
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
7s8733iliyg3hkxteayef1os7gacsf6
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2026-06-14T11:39:56Z
Quinlan83
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<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Ilẹ̀ '''Uttarakhand Àṣálẹ̀ 2025''' jẹ́ òjò yìnyín tó léwu tó kọlu àgọ́ Border Roads Organization (BRO) ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kejì ọdún 2025, nítòsí abúlé Mana ní agbègbè Chamoli ní [[Uttarakhand]], Íńdíà. Òjò yìnyín náà sin àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ 54 sínú àpótí mẹ́jọ àti ilé ìṣúra kan ní gíga tó ju ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́wàá lọ, nítòsí ààlà Íńdíà àti Ṣáínà . Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ṣẹlẹ̀ láàrín 5:30 òwúrọ̀ sí 6:00 òwúrọ̀ IST, ní agbègbè tí òjò yìnyín àti àwọn ipò òtútù líle koko ti lè ṣẹlẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-03-01|title=Uttarakhand avalanche: Mana villagers saved by ancient wisdom & annual migration|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uttarakhand-avalanche-mana-villagers-saved-by-ancient-wisdom-annual-migration/articleshow/118637614.cms}}</ref>
== Awọn iṣẹ igbala ==
Àwọn ọlọ́pàá ààlà Indo-Tibet (ITBP) ló ṣáájú iṣẹ́ ìgbàlà náà, pẹ̀lú ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Íńdíà, Ẹgbẹ́ Ìdáhùn Àjálù Orílẹ̀-èdè (NDRF), àti Ẹgbẹ́ Ọmọ-ogun Afẹ́fẹ́ Íńdíà . Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tó lé ní 200 ni wọ́n kó lọ síbi iṣẹ́ náà, tí wọ́n dojú kọ ojú ọjọ́ líle koko, yìnyín líle, òtútù líle (−12) °C sí −15 °C), àti àìríran tó dára.
Àwọn ohun èlò pàtàkì, títí bí kámẹ́rà àwòrán ooru, radar tí ń wọ inú ilẹ̀ (GPR), àwọn ajá tí ń gbóná ara, àti àwọn drone, ni a lò láti wá àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n há mọ́ inú. Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kejì, a gba àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n là, lẹ́yìn náà ni a gba àwọn mẹ́tàdínlógún mìíràn ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù kẹta. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, mẹ́rin lára àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí a gbà là kú nítorí ìpalára, èyí tí ó mú kí iye àwọn tí ó kú sí mẹ́jọ.
Ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù kẹta, ọdún 2025, wọ́n rí òkú òṣìṣẹ́ tó sọnù kẹ́yìn, èyí tó fi hàn pé iṣẹ́ ìgbàlà náà ti parí.
== Ipa ati abajade rẹ ==
Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí wọ́n gbà là náà farapa gidigidi, àwọn kan sì wà ní ipò tó le koko. Àwọn tó là á já ròyìn bí òjò ṣe rọ̀ lójijì, tó sì mú wọn dẹ́kun yìnyín. Àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ kan yè nípa jíjẹ yìnyín àti wíwá ibi ìsádi ní hótéẹ̀lì kan tó wà nítòsí. Àwọn tó farapa gidigidi ni wọ́n gbé lọ sí AIIMS Rishikesh àti àwọn ilé ìwòsàn ológun fún ìtọ́jú.
== Àyíká ilẹ̀ àti àyíká ==
Òjò yìnyín náà ṣẹlẹ̀ nítòsí Mana Pass, agbègbè gíga kan nítòsí ààlà India àti China, tí a mọ̀ fún àwọn ipò òtútù líle koko àti àwọn òjò yìnyín tí ó máa ń rọ̀ nígbà gbogbo. Ìwọ̀n ìgbà tí òjò yìnyín ń pọ̀ sí i àti bí ó ṣe le tó ní [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] ni a ti so mọ́ [[Àyípadà ipò ojú-ọjọ́ (climate change)|ìyípadà ojúọjọ́]] àti àwọn ìrísí ojúọjọ́ tí a kò lè sọ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà tẹnu mọ́ ewu tí àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ń dojú kọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìkọ́lé gíga àti àìní fún àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ ààbò tí ó sunwọ̀n sí i ní irú àwọn agbègbè tí ó ní ìṣòro àyíká. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-10-04|title=Uttarakhand avalanche: At least 10 dead and dozens missing in Indian Himalayas|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63132996|access-date=2025-03-02|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìkún omi Uttarakhand ti ọdún 2021
* Àkójọ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìpakúpa tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìpele ìjìnlẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ iye àwọn tí ó kú
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
sto9mbosu22u1bs6ovyf48v4upzizo9
Pápá Li
0
80410
622332
2026-06-14T11:40:23Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341312530|Li's field]]"
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[[Fáìlì:Lionrock_2010_track.png|thumb|300x300px|Ní ọdún 2010, a fihàn gbangba pé ìjì líle líle Lionrock ti yẹra fún Hong Kong lọ́nà àrà ọ̀tọ̀.]]
[[Fáìlì:Cimaron_2006_track.png|thumb|300x300px|Ó dà bíi pé wọ́n lé ìjì líle Cimaron (2006) kúrò ní Hong Kong.]]
[[Fáìlì:No._8_Northeast_Gale_or_Storm_Signal.png|thumb|200x200px|Àwọn ènìyàn kan dá Li Ka-shing lẹ́bi fún ìtẹnumọ́ Hong Kong Observatory pé wọn kò ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ àmì ìjìnlẹ̀ 8 kan láti ọdún 2005 sí 2006.]]
'''Pápá Li''' ( Chinese ) jẹ́ èrò ìdìtẹ̀ ẹlẹ́yà ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] lórí wíwà pápá agbára kan tí ó ń lé [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|àwọn ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru]] kúrò ní ìlú náà.
== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
"Li" ní pápá Li tọ́ka sí olówó-ọrọ̀ agbègbè Li Ka-shing, olùdásílẹ̀ pápá náà tí a sọ pé ó ń gbèrú. Ìpìlẹ̀ pápá Li dúró lórí bí a ṣe ṣètò ìjọba Hong Kong. Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìdàgbàsókè Ọrọ̀-ajé àti ti ìlú náà ń ṣàkóso Ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory Hong Kong, èyí sì ti mú kí àwọn èrò pé Ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory gbé ìfiránṣẹ́ ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ka orí ìrònú ọrọ̀-ajé, dípò ìrònú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì.
Ní Hong Kong, àwọn ilé ìwé tí ó wà ní ìpele ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kékeré ni a máa ń ti pa nígbà tí a bá fún Nọ́mbà Ìjì Ojú Omi 8 (àwọn kíláàsì ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kékeré ni a máa ń dá dúró nígbà tí a bá fún Nọ́mbà Ìjì Ojú Omi 3), àti gbogbo àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí kò ṣe pàtàkì ní ibi iṣẹ́ ni a máa ń rán lọ sílé. Àwọn kan gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ti fipá mú kí ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory yẹra fún pípín Nọ́mbà Ìjì Ojú Omi 8, láti yẹra fún àdánù ọrọ̀-ajé.
Ní ìdáhùnpadà, Olórí Observatory tẹ́lẹ̀ rí, Lee Boon Ying, sọ fún àwọn oníròyìn ní ọdún 2010, Observatory ti fi ààbò àwọn olùgbé Hong Kong sí ipò àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, kò sì ní ipa lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn ìṣòwò tàbí ti ọrọ̀ ajé. <ref>{{Cite news|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref>
== Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ==
Láti ọdún 2005 sí 2006, àti ní ọdún 2010, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory kò ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle kan ṣoṣo lókè Nọ́mbà 3.
=== Ìjì líle Prapiroon ===
Ní ọdún 2006, ìjì líle Prapiroon mú ìjì líle wá sí afẹ́fẹ́ ìjì (63-117 km/h, agbára ìpele Beaufort 8–11) sí Hong Kong, ó sì mú àwọn ohun tí a béèrè fún àmì Gale tàbí Ìjì Nọ́mbà 8 ṣẹ. Ìjì náà yí àwọn àpótí padà, ó fa àwọn igi kúrò, ó sì fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìdádúró ní pápákọ̀ òfurufú, ṣùgbọ́n Observatory kò fún ni Nọ́mbà Signal 8, ó sì dúró ní ìpele ìsàlẹ̀ Nọ́mbà Signal 3.
Lẹ́yìn náà, Olórí Àbójútó Ọ̀ràn, Lam Chiu-ying, sọ pé ìpinnu náà dá lórí òtítọ́ pé iyàrá afẹ́fẹ́ ní Kai Tak, nítòsí Victoria Harbor, kò dé ipele tí a nílò fún fífúnni ní Nọ́mbà Àmì 8. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àròyé ẹlẹ́yà dìde pé Li Ka-shing ló wà lẹ́yìn ìpinnu náà, láti mú kí iṣẹ́ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i àti láti gbé ọrọ̀ ajé lárugẹ.
== Ìdí sáyẹ́ǹsì ==
[[Fáìlì:2010_Pacific_typhoon_season_summary.png|thumb|Àwòrán gbogbo ìjì tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àsìkò ìjì Pacific ti ọdún 2010. Kò sí ìjì tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ní ọdún yẹn.]]
Àwọn ìròyìn ìròyìn ní ọdún 2010, tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ìwádìí láti ọwọ́ Observatory, fi ìdí tí ó fi dín ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Signal Number 8 kù hàn. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìyàtọ̀ ìwọ̀n otútù òkun láàárín Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà àti [[Òkun Pàsífíkì|Òkun Pàsífíìkì]] ló fúnni ní àlàyé náà. <ref>{{Cite news|title=南海中層高氣壓 擋襲港颱風 (A High Pressure Zone Above the South China Sea Is Blocking Hong Kong-bound Typhoons)|url=http://news.sina.com.hk/news/20101023/-1-1894763/1.html|accessdate=2 August 2014|publisher=Ming Pao|date=23 October 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140806162158/http://news.sina.com.hk/news/20101023/-1-1894763/1.html|archivedate=6 August 2014}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí àṣà ìbílẹ̀ ==
Wọ́n ti mẹ́nu ba agbára Li nínú àwọn ìròyìn àṣà ìbílẹ̀, wọ́n sì ti jẹ́ kókó ọ̀rọ̀ nípa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àwòrán ìkànnì ayélujára.
=== "Odi ayo" ni Macau ===
Àròsọ ìlú kan náà tàn kálẹ̀ ní [[Màkáù|Macau]] lẹ́yìn ìjì líle Tropical Nida (2016), nígbà tí Macau Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) kàn fúnni ní àmì ìjì líle No. 3, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dé ìwọ̀n No. 8. Àwọn olùgbé kan gbàgbọ́ pé SMG ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ nítorí pé ìfúnni àmì No. 8 yóò ní ipa lórí àwọn àkókò ṣíṣí àwọn ilé ìtajà kasino ( tí ó dúró fún ilé iṣẹ́ tó tóbi jùlọ ní Macau ), èyí sì mú kí wọ́n fi ṣe yẹ̀yẹ́ pé "賭牆" kan wà (ní ìtumọ̀: "ògiri tẹ́tẹ́", tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ará Cantonese pẹ̀lú "kasino" 賭場) èyí tí ó dáàbò bo Macau kúrò lọ́wọ́ ìjì líle, bíi ti pápá Li. <ref>{{Cite news|title=【妮妲襲港】澳門狂風暴雨拒發8號波 居民戲稱「李氏力場」翻版|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/34974/%E5%A6%AE%E5%A6%B2%E8%A5%B2%E6%B8%AF-%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%8B%82%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E6%8B%92%E7%99%BC8%E8%99%9F%E6%B3%A2-%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E6%88%B2%E7%A8%B1-%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E5%8A%9B%E5%A0%B4-%E7%BF%BB%E7%89%88|access-date=29 December 2022|date=2 August 2016}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìdìtẹ̀ Bielefeld
* Àwọn ẹyẹ kì í ṣe gidi
* Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ti Hong Kong
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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[[Fáìlì:Lionrock_2010_track.png|thumb|300x300px|Ní ọdún 2010, a fihàn gbangba pé ìjì líle líle Lionrock ti yẹra fún Hong Kong lọ́nà àrà ọ̀tọ̀.]]
[[Fáìlì:Cimaron_2006_track.png|thumb|300x300px|Ó dà bíi pé wọ́n lé ìjì líle Cimaron (2006) kúrò ní Hong Kong.]]
[[Fáìlì:No._8_Northeast_Gale_or_Storm_Signal.png|thumb|200x200px|Àwọn ènìyàn kan dá Li Ka-shing lẹ́bi fún ìtẹnumọ́ Hong Kong Observatory pé wọn kò ṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ àmì ìjìnlẹ̀ 8 kan láti ọdún 2005 sí 2006.]]
'''Pápá Li''' ( Chinese ) jẹ́ èrò ìdìtẹ̀ ẹlẹ́yà ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] lórí wíwà pápá agbára kan tí ó ń lé [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|àwọn ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru]] kúrò ní ìlú náà.
== Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ ==
"Li" ní pápá Li tọ́ka sí olówó-ọrọ̀ agbègbè Li Ka-shing, olùdásílẹ̀ pápá náà tí a sọ pé ó ń gbèrú. Ìpìlẹ̀ pápá Li dúró lórí bí a ṣe ṣètò ìjọba Hong Kong. Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìdàgbàsókè Ọrọ̀-ajé àti ti ìlú náà ń ṣàkóso Ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory Hong Kong, èyí sì ti mú kí àwọn èrò pé Ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory gbé ìfiránṣẹ́ ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ka orí ìrònú ọrọ̀-ajé, dípò ìrònú ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì.
Ní Hong Kong, àwọn ilé ìwé tí ó wà ní ìpele ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kékeré ni a máa ń ti pa nígbà tí a bá fún Nọ́mbà Ìjì Ojú Omi 8 (àwọn kíláàsì ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ kékeré ni a máa ń dá dúró nígbà tí a bá fún Nọ́mbà Ìjì Ojú Omi 3), àti gbogbo àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ tí kò ṣe pàtàkì ní ibi iṣẹ́ ni a máa ń rán lọ sílé. Àwọn kan gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ilé-iṣẹ́ ti fipá mú kí ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory yẹra fún pípín Nọ́mbà Ìjì Ojú Omi 8, láti yẹra fún àdánù ọrọ̀-ajé.
Ní ìdáhùnpadà, Olórí Observatory tẹ́lẹ̀ rí, Lee Boon Ying, sọ fún àwọn oníròyìn ní ọdún 2010, Observatory ti fi ààbò àwọn olùgbé Hong Kong sí ipò àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, kò sì ní ipa lórí àwọn ọ̀ràn ìṣòwò tàbí ti ọrọ̀ ajé. <ref>{{Cite news|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref>
== Àwọn àpẹẹrẹ ==
Láti ọdún 2005 sí 2006, àti ní ọdún 2010, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Observatory kò ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle kan ṣoṣo lókè Nọ́mbà 3.
=== Ìjì líle Prapiroon ===
Ní ọdún 2006, ìjì líle Prapiroon mú ìjì líle wá sí afẹ́fẹ́ ìjì (63-117 km/h, agbára ìpele Beaufort 8–11) sí Hong Kong, ó sì mú àwọn ohun tí a béèrè fún àmì Gale tàbí Ìjì Nọ́mbà 8 ṣẹ. Ìjì náà yí àwọn àpótí padà, ó fa àwọn igi kúrò, ó sì fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìdádúró ní pápákọ̀ òfurufú, ṣùgbọ́n Observatory kò fún ni Nọ́mbà Signal 8, ó sì dúró ní ìpele ìsàlẹ̀ Nọ́mbà Signal 3.
Lẹ́yìn náà, Olórí Àbójútó Ọ̀ràn, Lam Chiu-ying, sọ pé ìpinnu náà dá lórí òtítọ́ pé iyàrá afẹ́fẹ́ ní Kai Tak, nítòsí Victoria Harbor, kò dé ipele tí a nílò fún fífúnni ní Nọ́mbà Àmì 8. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àròyé ẹlẹ́yà dìde pé Li Ka-shing ló wà lẹ́yìn ìpinnu náà, láti mú kí iṣẹ́ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i àti láti gbé ọrọ̀ ajé lárugẹ.
== Ìdí sáyẹ́ǹsì ==
[[Fáìlì:2010_Pacific_typhoon_season_summary.png|thumb|Àwòrán gbogbo ìjì tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àsìkò ìjì Pacific ti ọdún 2010. Kò sí ìjì tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ní ọdún yẹn.]]
Àwọn ìròyìn ìròyìn ní ọdún 2010, tí wọ́n tọ́ka sí ìwádìí láti ọwọ́ Observatory, fi ìdí tí ó fi dín ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Signal Number 8 kù hàn. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìyàtọ̀ ìwọ̀n otútù òkun láàárín Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà àti [[Òkun Pàsífíkì|Òkun Pàsífíìkì]] ló fúnni ní àlàyé náà. <ref>{{Cite news|title=南海中層高氣壓 擋襲港颱風 (A High Pressure Zone Above the South China Sea Is Blocking Hong Kong-bound Typhoons)|url=http://news.sina.com.hk/news/20101023/-1-1894763/1.html|accessdate=2 August 2014|publisher=Ming Pao|date=23 October 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140806162158/http://news.sina.com.hk/news/20101023/-1-1894763/1.html|archivedate=6 August 2014}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí àṣà ìbílẹ̀ ==
Wọ́n ti mẹ́nu ba agbára Li nínú àwọn ìròyìn àṣà ìbílẹ̀, wọ́n sì ti jẹ́ kókó ọ̀rọ̀ nípa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn àwòrán ìkànnì ayélujára.
=== "Odi ayo" ni Macau ===
Àròsọ ìlú kan náà tàn kálẹ̀ ní [[Màkáù|Macau]] lẹ́yìn ìjì líle Tropical Nida (2016), nígbà tí Macau Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG) kàn fúnni ní àmì ìjì líle No. 3, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó dé ìwọ̀n No. 8. Àwọn olùgbé kan gbàgbọ́ pé SMG ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ nítorí pé ìfúnni àmì No. 8 yóò ní ipa lórí àwọn àkókò ṣíṣí àwọn ilé ìtajà kasino ( tí ó dúró fún ilé iṣẹ́ tó tóbi jùlọ ní Macau ), èyí sì mú kí wọ́n fi ṣe yẹ̀yẹ́ pé "賭牆" kan wà (ní ìtumọ̀: "ògiri tẹ́tẹ́", tí ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ará Cantonese pẹ̀lú "kasino" 賭場) èyí tí ó dáàbò bo Macau kúrò lọ́wọ́ ìjì líle, bíi ti pápá Li. <ref>{{Cite news|title=【妮妲襲港】澳門狂風暴雨拒發8號波 居民戲稱「李氏力場」翻版|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/34974/%E5%A6%AE%E5%A6%B2%E8%A5%B2%E6%B8%AF-%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%8B%82%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E6%8B%92%E7%99%BC8%E8%99%9F%E6%B3%A2-%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E6%88%B2%E7%A8%B1-%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E5%8A%9B%E5%A0%B4-%E7%BF%BB%E7%89%88|access-date=29 December 2022|date=2 August 2016}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Ìdìtẹ̀ Bielefeld
* Àwọn ẹyẹ kì í ṣe gidi
* Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ti Hong Kong
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302817736|Green Credit Programme]]"
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'''Eto Ayika Alawọ ewe''' jẹ eto ti Ile-iṣẹ fun Ayika, Igbó ati Iyipada Oju-ọjọ ti Ijọba India kede ni Oṣu Kẹwa ọdun 2023 gẹgẹbi apakan ti ipilẹṣẹ Igbesi aye fun Ayika (LiFE) ti Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] gbekalẹ ni Apejọ Awọn Ẹgbẹ si UNFCCC (COP27) ti o waye ni Sharm El-Sheikh, [[Ìjíptì|Egypt]] ni ọdun 2022.
== Àfojúsùn ==
Wọ́n kéde Ètò Ààbò Àwọ̀ Ewé ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2023 gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ètò Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) tí Prime Minister Narendra Modi gbé kalẹ̀ ní ìpàdé COP tí ó wáyé ní Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. <ref name="gc5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2024/02/27/why-experts-arent-happy-with-centres-green-credit-program-methodology.html|date=27 February 2024}}</ref> Wọ́n sọ pé ó jẹ́ ètò tí ó dá lórí ọjà láti pèsè àwọn ìṣírí fún kíkópa nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àyíká àtinúwá ní oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀ka tí ó ní àwọn ènìyàn, àwùjọ àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ní ẹ̀ka àdáni. <ref name="gc1">{{Cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/green-credits-where-they-are-due/article67870309.ece|date=24 February 2024}}</ref> Ètò náà ń gbìyànjú láti gbé oko sórí ilẹ̀ aṣálẹ̀ tí ó ti bàjẹ́ àti láti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti mú kí àwọn èrè wà. <ref name="gc2">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/what-is-the-green-credits-scheme-which-pm-modi-mentioned-at-cop28-9050627/|date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
== Àwọn irú àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ==
Ètò Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko bo oríṣi iṣẹ́ mẹ́jọ <ref name="gc6">{{Cite news|title=India's Green Credit Programme, carbon credit initiative {{!}} What the draft says and who'll benefit|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/india-green-credit-programme-carbon-credit-initiative-draft-details-benefits-17060651.htm|access-date=23 April 2024|date=28 June 2023|language=en}}</ref> 1. Kírẹ́dì fún Gbígbìn Igi 2. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Omi 3. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Àgbẹ̀ Alágbára 4. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Ìṣàkóso Egbin 5. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún dídín ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ kù 6. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún ìtọ́jú àti yíyípo Mangrove 7. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Àmì 8. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Ilé Alágbára àti Ẹ̀rọ Amúlétutù. <ref name="gc4">{{Cite news|title=Govt launches Green Credit to incentivise eco-friendly actions|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/govt-launches-green-credit-to-incentivise-eco-friendly-actions/article67420282.ece|access-date=23 April 2024|date=14 October 2023|language=en}}</ref>
== Ilana ==
A ṣe ètò Green Credit Programme láti gba owó gbèsè nípasẹ̀ ìforúkọsílẹ̀ lórí ayélujára láti ọwọ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ náà nípa àwọn ìgbòkègbodò rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ẹ̀rọ itanna àti láti béèrè fún owó gbèsè aláwọ̀ ewé. <ref name="gc3">{{Cite news|title=How you can gain by planting trees under Green Credit plan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-you-can-gain-by-planting-trees-under-green-credit-plan/articleshow/108724869.cms|date=23 March 2024}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Àwọn ìyípadà erogba àti àwọn kirediti
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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'''Eto Ayika Alawọ ewe''' jẹ eto ti Ile-iṣẹ fun Ayika, Igbó ati Iyipada Oju-ọjọ ti Ijọba India kede ni Oṣu Kẹwa ọdun 2023 gẹgẹbi apakan ti ipilẹṣẹ Igbesi aye fun Ayika (LiFE) ti Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] gbekalẹ ni Apejọ Awọn Ẹgbẹ si UNFCCC (COP27) ti o waye ni Sharm El-Sheikh, [[Ìjíptì|Egypt]] ni ọdun 2022.
== Àfojúsùn ==
Wọ́n kéde Ètò Ààbò Àwọ̀ Ewé ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2023 gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan nínú ètò Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) tí Prime Minister Narendra Modi gbé kalẹ̀ ní ìpàdé COP tí ó wáyé ní Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. <ref name="gc5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2024/02/27/why-experts-arent-happy-with-centres-green-credit-program-methodology.html|date=27 February 2024}}</ref> Wọ́n sọ pé ó jẹ́ ètò tí ó dá lórí ọjà láti pèsè àwọn ìṣírí fún kíkópa nínú àwọn ìgbésẹ̀ àyíká àtinúwá ní oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀ka tí ó ní àwọn ènìyàn, àwùjọ àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ní ẹ̀ka àdáni. <ref name="gc1">{{Cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/green-credits-where-they-are-due/article67870309.ece|date=24 February 2024}}</ref> Ètò náà ń gbìyànjú láti gbé oko sórí ilẹ̀ aṣálẹ̀ tí ó ti bàjẹ́ àti láti ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti mú kí àwọn èrè wà. <ref name="gc2">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/what-is-the-green-credits-scheme-which-pm-modi-mentioned-at-cop28-9050627/|date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
== Àwọn irú àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ==
Ètò Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko bo oríṣi iṣẹ́ mẹ́jọ <ref name="gc6">{{Cite news|title=India's Green Credit Programme, carbon credit initiative {{!}} What the draft says and who'll benefit|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/india-green-credit-programme-carbon-credit-initiative-draft-details-benefits-17060651.htm|access-date=23 April 2024|date=28 June 2023|language=en}}</ref> 1. Kírẹ́dì fún Gbígbìn Igi 2. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Omi 3. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Àgbẹ̀ Alágbára 4. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Ìṣàkóso Egbin 5. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún dídín ìdọ̀tí afẹ́fẹ́ kù 6. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún ìtọ́jú àti yíyípo Mangrove 7. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Àmì 8. Kírẹ́dì Àwọ̀ Ewéko fún Ilé Alágbára àti Ẹ̀rọ Amúlétutù. <ref name="gc4">{{Cite news|title=Govt launches Green Credit to incentivise eco-friendly actions|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/govt-launches-green-credit-to-incentivise-eco-friendly-actions/article67420282.ece|access-date=23 April 2024|date=14 October 2023|language=en}}</ref>
== Ilana ==
A ṣe ètò Green Credit Programme láti gba owó gbèsè nípasẹ̀ ìforúkọsílẹ̀ lórí ayélujára láti ọwọ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ náà nípa àwọn ìgbòkègbodò rẹ̀ nípasẹ̀ ẹ̀rọ itanna àti láti béèrè fún owó gbèsè aláwọ̀ ewé. <ref name="gc3">{{Cite news|title=How you can gain by planting trees under Green Credit plan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-you-can-gain-by-planting-trees-under-green-credit-plan/articleshow/108724869.cms|date=23 March 2024}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
* Àwọn ìyípadà erogba àti àwọn kirediti
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
hh5mu3qjn7uwafmyztwogwsvfjtnhho
Nẹ́tíwọ́ọ̀kì Íńdíà lórí Ìṣàyẹ̀wò Àyípadà Ayíká Ojúọjọ́
0
80412
622336
2026-06-14T11:42:10Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1267418575|Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment]]"
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'''Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Íńdíà lórí Ìṣàyẹ̀wò Àyípadà Ojúọjọ́''' (INCCA) jẹ́ nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì àwọn onímọ̀ [[Índíà|sáyẹ́ǹsì]] tí a gbèrò láti gbé kalẹ̀ láti tẹ àwọn àwárí tí àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò lórí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní Íńdíà jáde. <ref name="INCCA">{{Cite web|archivedate=20 July 2011}}</ref>
Wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2009 [http://moef.nic.in/downloads/others/Final_Book.pdf], wọ́n ní:
Olórí ẹ̀ka ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àyíká tún kéde rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kìíní ọdún 2012 lẹ́yìn ìpàdé ètò tí Akọ̀wé Àpapọ̀ (Ayíká) JM Mausker ṣe olórí, èyí tí ó tún ṣe àkóso ètò ìgbésẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè India lórí Ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ (NAPCC). <ref name="The Hindu 2010-01-25">{{Cite news|url=|title=Sci-Tech / Energy & Environment : Govt working on climate blueprint to be submitted to UNFCCC|author=|date=25 January 2010}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kejì ọdún 2010, mínísítà àyíká India, Jairam Ramesh, kéde pé òun yóò kó àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì 250 jọ láti àwọn ilé ìwádìí Íńdíà 125, òun yóò sì bá àwọn àjọ àgbáyé ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nípa ìtújáde gaasi eefin ni a tú síta ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2010, ìṣàyẹ̀wò ojúọjọ́ kejì rẹ̀ tí a óò tẹ̀ jáde ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2010 yóò ní àwọn ìròyìn nípa [[Himalaya|Himalayas]], etíkun Íńdíà, àwọn òkè gíga Western Ghat àti agbègbè àríwá ìlà-oòrùn Íńdíà. Ó sọ pé yóò ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí “irú IPCC Íńdíà”, ṣùgbọ́n kò ní bá ẹgbẹ́ UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) díje. <ref name="Telegraph 2010-02-04">{{Cite web|archivedate=6 February 2010}}</ref>
Ramesh tún kéde ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àgbáyé ti Ìlú India kan fún Ìṣàn Omi Himalayan. Ó sọ pé bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òun bọ̀wọ̀ fún IPCC, kò dọ́gba pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ náà àti pé àìlera rẹ̀ ni pé kò ṣe ìwádìí tirẹ̀. Ramesh tún fihàn pé ẹ̀tanú rẹ̀ mú kí ó má ṣe àkíyèsí àwọn òtítọ́ agbègbè, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀ ó gbẹ́kẹ̀lé àkójọ àwọn ìròyìn mìíràn, èyí tí ó yọrí sí " àṣìṣe " lórí igbó Amazon, àwọn yìnyín Himalayan, àti àwọn ìbòrí yìnyín. <ref name="Telegraph 2010-02-04" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Clear}}
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'''Nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì Íńdíà lórí Ìṣàyẹ̀wò Àyípadà Ojúọjọ́''' (INCCA) jẹ́ nẹ́ẹ̀tìwọ́ọ̀kì àwọn onímọ̀ [[Índíà|sáyẹ́ǹsì]] tí a gbèrò láti gbé kalẹ̀ láti tẹ àwọn àwárí tí àwọn ẹlẹgbẹ́ wọn ṣe àtúnyẹ̀wò lórí ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní Íńdíà jáde. <ref name="INCCA">{{Cite web|archivedate=20 July 2011}}</ref>
Wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 2009 [http://moef.nic.in/downloads/others/Final_Book.pdf], wọ́n ní:
Olórí ẹ̀ka ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ ní Ilé Iṣẹ́ Àyíká tún kéde rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kìíní ọdún 2012 lẹ́yìn ìpàdé ètò tí Akọ̀wé Àpapọ̀ (Ayíká) JM Mausker ṣe olórí, èyí tí ó tún ṣe àkóso ètò ìgbésẹ̀ orílẹ̀-èdè India lórí Ìyípadà ojúọjọ́ (NAPCC). <ref name="The Hindu 2010-01-25">{{Cite news|url=|title=Sci-Tech / Energy & Environment : Govt working on climate blueprint to be submitted to UNFCCC|author=|date=25 January 2010}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kejì ọdún 2010, mínísítà àyíká India, Jairam Ramesh, kéde pé òun yóò kó àwọn onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì 250 jọ láti àwọn ilé ìwádìí Íńdíà 125, òun yóò sì bá àwọn àjọ àgbáyé ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀. Ìṣàyẹ̀wò àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nípa ìtújáde gaasi eefin ni a tú síta ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2010, ìṣàyẹ̀wò ojúọjọ́ kejì rẹ̀ tí a óò tẹ̀ jáde ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2010 yóò ní àwọn ìròyìn nípa [[Himalaya|Himalayas]], etíkun Íńdíà, àwọn òkè gíga Western Ghat àti agbègbè àríwá ìlà-oòrùn Íńdíà. Ó sọ pé yóò ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí “irú IPCC Íńdíà”, ṣùgbọ́n kò ní bá ẹgbẹ́ UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) díje. <ref name="Telegraph 2010-02-04">{{Cite web|archivedate=6 February 2010}}</ref>
Ramesh tún kéde ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Àgbáyé ti Ìlú India kan fún Ìṣàn Omi Himalayan. Ó sọ pé bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òun bọ̀wọ̀ fún IPCC, kò dọ́gba pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ náà àti pé àìlera rẹ̀ ni pé kò ṣe ìwádìí tirẹ̀. Ramesh tún fihàn pé ẹ̀tanú rẹ̀ mú kí ó má ṣe àkíyèsí àwọn òtítọ́ agbègbè, dípò bẹ́ẹ̀ ó gbẹ́kẹ̀lé àkójọ àwọn ìròyìn mìíràn, èyí tí ó yọrí sí " àṣìṣe " lórí igbó Amazon, àwọn yìnyín Himalayan, àti àwọn ìbòrí yìnyín. <ref name="Telegraph 2010-02-04" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Clear}}
<references />
66u6t7l5ycmc93niccb216cnwflnoul
Oju-ọjọ Ilu Quebec
0
80413
622338
2026-06-14T11:49:38Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336061053|Climate of Quebec City]]"
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'''Ojú ọjọ́ ní ìlú Quebec''' ní ojú ọjọ́ ilẹ̀ òkèèrè tí kò ní àsìkò òjò àti ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn gbígbóná ( Köppen : ''Dfb'' ). Òjò máa ń rọ̀ dáadáa, ó sì máa ń rọ̀ tó ìwọ̀n ìṣẹ́jú 47 lọ́dún.
== Iwọn otutu ==
Iwọn otutu ojoojumọ ni Quebec City wa lati -12.8 °C (-16.6) °F) ní oṣù kìíní sí 19.3 °C (76.46) °F) ní oṣù Keje. Àròpọ̀ ìwọ̀n otútù ọdọọdún jẹ́ 4.2 °C (39.5) °F). Ní àròpín, ọjọ́ 171 ló wà fún ọdún kan pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n otútù tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ yìnyín.
=== Àròpọ̀ ===
{{Weather box}}
=== Àròpọ̀ o pọju àti o kere ju ni oṣooṣu ===
{{Weather box|metric first=on|single line=on|location=Quebec City (extremes)|Jan record high C=10.0|Jan record low C=-35.4|Feb record high C=11.7|Feb record low C=-36.1|Mar record high C=17.8|Mar record low C=-30.0|Apr record high C=29.9|Apr record low C=-18.9|May record high C=33.0|May record low C=-7.8|Jun record high C=33.9|Jun record low C=-0.6|Jul record high C=35.6|Jul record low C=3.9|Aug record high C=34.4|Aug record low C=2.2|Sep record high C=33.9|Sep record low C=-4.8|Oct record high C=28.3|Oct record low C=-10.0|Nov record high C=20.0|Nov record low C=-24.0|Dec record high C=13.9|Dec record low C=-32.3|source=}}
=== Àwọn Àṣejù ===
{{Weather box|metric first=yes|single line=yes|location=Quebec/Jean Lesage International Airport|Jan high C=-7.9|Jan mean C=-12.8|Jan low C=-17.7|Feb high C=-5.6|Feb mean C=-10.6|Feb low C=-15.6|Mar high C=0.2|Mar mean C=-4.6|Mar low C=-9.4|Apr high C=8.3|Apr mean C=3.7|Apr low C=-1.0|May high C=17.0|May mean C=11.2|May low C=5.4|Jun high C=22.3|Jun mean C=16.4|Jun low C=10.5|Jul high C=25.9|Jul mean C=19.3|Jul low C=13.5|Aug high C=24.6|Aug mean C=18.1|Aug low C=12.5|Sep high C=18.9|Sep mean C=12.7|Sep low C=7.5|Oct high C=11.1|Oct mean C=6.6|Oct low C=2.0|Nov high C=2.9|Nov mean C=-0.7|Nov low C=-4.2|Dec high C=-4.2|Dec mean C=-8.6|Dec low C=-12.8}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%:text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! colspan="14" |Àkójọpọ̀ ojúọjọ́ fún ìlú Quebec (àwọn àṣejù)
|-
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
! Ọdún
|-
! Ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ iye tó ga jùlọ lójoojúmọ́ °C (°F)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 3.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (37.9)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 3.6<br /><br /><br /><br /> (38.5)
| style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" | 5.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (41.0)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 10.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (50.4)
| style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;" | 18.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (64.9)
| style="background:#FFCC00;color:#000000;" | 22.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (73.0)
| style="background:#FFCC00;color:#000000;" | 23.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (73.9)
| style="background:#FFCC00;color:#000000;" | 22.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (72.0)
| style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;" | 20.9<br /><br /><br /><br /> (69.6)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 15.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (59.0)
| style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" | 9.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (49.5)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 4.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (39.9)
| style="background:#FFCC00;color:#000000;" | 23.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (73.9)
|-
! Ṣe igbasilẹ iwọn kekere ojoojumọ ti o pọju °C (°F)
| style="background:#8080FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -25.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (-14.4)
| style="background:#8080FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -25.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (-13.0)
| style="background:#9999FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -20.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (-4.0)
| style="background:#B3B3FF;color:#000000;" | -10.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (13.6)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 1.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (35.1)
| style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" | 7.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (46.0)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 13.9<br /><br /><br /><br /> (57.0)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 12.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (54.0)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 4.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (39.6)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 0.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (32.0)
| style="background:#9999FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -13.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (8.1)
| style="background:#8080FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -27.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (-17.1)
| style="background:#8080FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -27.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (-17.1)
|-
! Ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ apapọ oṣù tó ga jùlọ °C (°F)
| style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;" | -5.9<br /><br /><br /><br /> (21.4)
| style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;" | -4.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (24.8)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 0.1<br /><br /><br /><br /> (32.4)
| style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" | 7.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (45.9)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 15.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (59.5)
| style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;" | 19.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (67.5)
| style="background:#FFCC00;color:#000000;" | 22.5<br /><br /><br /><br /> (72.5)
| style="background:#FFCC00;color:#000000;" | 21.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (70.5)
| style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;" | 16.5<br /><br /><br /><br /> (61.7)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 10.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (51.4)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 3.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (37.8)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | -0.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (30.6)
| style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" | 6.9<br /><br /><br /><br /> (44.4)
|-
! Ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìpíndọ́gba oṣù tó kéré jùlọ °C (°F)
| style="background:#9999FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -18.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (-1.1)
| style="background:#9999FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -16.5<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.3)
| style="background:#B3B3FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -11.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (11.5)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | -0.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (30.6)
| style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" | 7.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (45.9)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 14.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (58.5)
| style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;" | 17.6<br /><br /><br /><br /> (63.9)
| style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;" | 16.1<br /><br /><br /><br /> (61.0)
| style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;" | 11.1<br /><br /><br /><br /> (52.0)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 3.3<br /><br /><br /><br /> (37.9)
| style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;" | -5.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (23.0)
| style="background:#9999FF;color:#FFFFFF;" | -17.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1.4)
| style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;" | 2.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (37.0)
|-
! colspan="14" | orísun 1:
|-
! colspan="14" | orísun 2:
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="14" |Àwọn ọjọ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn ìwọ̀n otútù kan pàtó
|-
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
! Ọdún
|-
! Àwọn ọjọ́ gbígbóná (≥30) °C)
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0.2
| 1.3
| 2.6
| 0.8
| 0.13
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 5.1
|-
! Awọn ọjọ gbona (≥20) °C)
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0.8
| 9.3
| 20.4
| 27.9
| 25.5
| 9.1
| 1.1
| 0
| 0
| 94.1
|-
! Àwọn ọjọ́ díẹ̀ (≥10) °C)
| 0
| 0.07
| 0.73
| 9.9
| 27.5
| 29.9
| 31
| 31
| 29.1
| 17.7
| 2.4
| 0.2
| 179.5
|-
! Ìmọ́lẹ̀ ojú ọjọ́ tútù (Púpọ̀ jùlọ ≤0 °C)
| 26.7
| 22.8
| 13.4
| 1.4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 7.7
| 22.9
| 94.9
|-
! Àwọn ọjọ́ tí ó ń dì (ní ìsàlẹ̀ 0)
| 30.9
| 27.7
| 28.9
| 16.5
| 2.3
| 0.07
| 0
| 0
| 0.87
| 10.1
| 23.0
| 30.3
| 170.7
|-
! Àwọn ọjọ́ òtútù (≤-2) °C)
| 30.3
| 26.7
| 24.9
| 9.9
| 0.53
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0.07
| 5
| 18.3
| 28.6
| 144.3
|-
! Àwọn ọjọ́ tí ó tutù gan-an (≤-10) °C)
| 25.2
| 21.9
| 13.5
| 0.87
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 4.1
| 19.3
| 84.8
|-
! Àwọn ọjọ́ òtútù líle (≤-20) °C)
| 12.9
| 8.7
| 2.9
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0.2
| 6.5
| 31.3
|}
== Ìrọ̀lẹ́ ==
Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó 900 mm ti ojo ni Ilu Quebec, Oṣu Keje ni oṣu ti o tutu julọ pẹlu 121.4 mm. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó gbẹ jùlọ ní oṣù Kejì ti 74.5 nìkan. 1189.7 milimita gbogbo òjò tí ó rọ̀ ní ọdún kan. Òjò yìnyín ń kó jọ sí 303.4 cm/ọdún.{{Weather box}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%:text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! colspan="14" |Àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìṣubú omi fún ìlú Quebec
|-
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
! Ọdún
|-
! Ojo gbogbo oṣu ti o ga julọ ti ojo rirọ
| style="background:#00FF00;color:#000000;" | 161.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (6.4)
| style="background:#00CC00;color:#000000;" | 186.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (7.3)
| style="background:#00E600;color:#000000;" | 177.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (7.0)
| style="background:#00CC00;color:#000000;" | 183.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (7.2)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 259.6<br /><br /><br /><br /> (10.2)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 231.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (9.1)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 256.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (10.1)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 216.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (8.5)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 213.6<br /><br /><br /><br /> (8.4)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 234.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (9.2)
| style="background:#00E600;color:#000000;" | 177.8<br /><br /><br /><br /> (7.0)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 239.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (9.4)
| style="background:#00FF00;color:#000000;" | 1578.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (62.1)
|-
! Ojo apapọ ti o ga julọ fun wakati 24
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 53.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.1)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 53.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.1)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 63.5<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.5)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 55.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.2)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 54.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.1)
| style="background:#0C3300;color:#FFFFFF;" | 78.0<br /><br /><br /><br /> (3.1)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 59.9<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.4)
| style="background:#009900;color:#FFFFFF;" | 55.4<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.2)
| style="background:#0C3300;color:#FFFFFF;" | 81.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (3.2)
| style="background:#008000;color:#FFFFFF;" | 56.9<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.2)
| style="background:#36E600;color:#000000;" | 45.7<br /><br /><br /><br /> (1.8)
| style="background:#36E600;color:#000000;" | 49.6<br /><br /><br /><br /> (2.0)
| style="background:#0C3300;color:#FFFFFF;" | 81.2<br /><br /><br /><br /> (3.2)
|}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
obwbt5osvdndvktcmpswugerfga3o7f
Oju-ọjọ Paris
0
80414
622339
2026-06-14T11:50:28Z
Aisha Yahuza
34033
O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353704028|Climate of Paris]]"
622339
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Fáìlì:Paris_raining_autumn_cityscape_(8252181936).jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Igba Irẹdanu Ewe ni Paris]]
Ojúọjọ́ òkun tó wọ́pọ̀ ní [[Parisi|Paris]] ( ìpínsípò ojúọjọ́ Köppen : ''Cfb'' ), èyí tí ìṣàn omi Àríwá Atlantic ní ipa lórí. Ojúọjọ́ gbogbogbò jálẹ̀ ọdún jẹ́ díẹ̀ àti òjò díẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=8 March 2013}}</ref> Àwọn ọjọ́ ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn sábà máa ń gbóná àti dídùn pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n otútù àárín {{Convert|15|and|25|°C|°F}}, àti ìwọ̀n oòrùn tó pọ̀ tó. {{Sfn|Lawrence|Gondrand|2010}} Ní ọdọọdún, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ọjọ́ díẹ̀ ló máa ń wà tí ìwọ̀n otútù yóò ga ju {{Convert|32|C}} lọ . Àwọn àkókò gígùn ti ooru líle máa ń wáyé nígbà míìrán, bíi ìgbì ooru ti ọdún 2003 nígbà tí ìwọ̀n otútù bá ju {{Convert|30|°C}} lọ fún ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀, ó dé {{Convert|40|°C}} ní àwọn ọjọ́ kan, kì í sì í sábà tutù ní alẹ́. {{Sfn|Goldstein|2005}} Ìgbà ìrúwé àti ìgbà ìwọ́-oòrùn ní, ní àròpín, ọjọ́ díẹ̀ àti òru tútù, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n ń yípadà, wọ́n sì ń dúró ṣinṣin. Lọ́nà ìyanu, ojú ọjọ́ gbígbóná tàbí tútù máa ń wáyé nígbà gbogbo ní àwọn àkókò méjèèjì. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=5 December 2014}}</ref> Ní ìgbà òtútù, oòrùn kì í sábà sàn; ọjọ́ tútù, òru tútù ṣùgbọ́n ní gbogbogbòò ó ju òtútù lọ pẹ̀lú àwọn òtútù kékeré ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|3|°C}} . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=16 May 2016}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, òtútù òru fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́fẹ́ sábà máa ń wọ́pọ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìwọ̀n otútù kì í sábà rọ̀ sílẹ̀ ní ìsàlẹ̀ {{Convert|-5|°C}} kìí ṣe ní gbogbo ọdún. Yìnyín máa ń rọ̀ ní ọdọọdún, ṣùgbọ́n kìí sábà máa ń dúró lórí ilẹ̀. Nígbà míìrán ìlú náà máa ń rí yìnyín díẹ̀ tàbí ìró omi pẹ̀lú tàbí láìsí ìkójọpọ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=15 May 2013}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ooru tí àwọn ilé àti ìrìnàjò ń mú wá ní ìlú náà tún ń fa píparẹ́ yìnyín ní àárín ìlú náà. Àkókò tí yìnyín máa ń rọ̀ jùlọ ni láàárín oṣù Kejìlá sí oṣù Kẹta. Ṣùgbọ́n kìí yìnyín máa ń rọ̀ ní pàtàkì fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọjọ́. Pásírì ní àròpín òjò ọdọọdún ti {{Convert|64.1|cm|in|1}}, wọ́n sì ń rí òjò díẹ̀ tí ó rọ̀ káàkiri gbogbo ọdún. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìlú náà jẹ́ ibi tí òjò líle máa ń rọ̀ nígbàkúgbà.
Paris ní ìtàn tó kún fún àwọn àkíyèsí ojú ọjọ́, pẹ̀lú àwọn kan padà sẹ́yìn títí di ọdún 1665. Oòrùn tó ga jùlọ tí a kọ sílẹ̀ ni {{Convert|42.6|°C}} ní ọjọ́ karùndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Keje ọdún 2019, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2 August 2021}}</ref> àti pé èyí tó kéré jùlọ ni {{Convert|-23.9|°C}} ní ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1879. <ref name="climate">{{Cite web|archivedate=3 October 2006}}</ref> Síwájú sí i, alẹ́ tó gbóná jùlọ ní àkọọ́lẹ̀ ni {{Convert|27.5|°C}} ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1772, ọjọ́ tí ó tutù jùlọ sì jẹ́ {{Convert|-13.0|°C}} ní ọjọ́ 30 oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1788. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2 August 2021}}</ref>{{Paris weatherbox}}{{Weather box|location=Paris ([[Jardin du Luxembourg]], 1991-2020 normals, elevation: 46m, extremes 1978-present|collapsed=Y|metric first=Yes|single line=Yes|Jan record high C=17.5|Feb record high C=22.9|Mar record high C=27.3|Apr record high C=31.5|May record high C=36.0|Jun record high C=37.6|Jul record high C=41.9|Aug record high C=40.2|Sep record high C=35.7|Oct record high C=30.7|Nov record high C=22.5|Dec record high C=17.5|Jan high C=8.2|Feb high C=9.7|Mar high C=13.7|Apr high C=17.5|May high C=21.0|Jun high C=24.1|Jul high C=26.5|Aug high C=26.5|Sep high C=22.7|Oct high C=17.5|Nov high C=11.8|Dec high C=8.5|Jan mean C=5.8|Feb mean C=6.6|Mar mean C=9.6|Apr mean C=12.7|May mean C=16.0|Jun mean C=19.1|Jul mean C=21.3|Aug mean C=21.2|Sep mean C=17.7|Oct mean C=13.7|Nov mean C=9.1|Dec mean C=6.2|Jan low C=3.4|Feb low C=3.5|Mar low C=5.6|Apr low C=7.8|May low C=11.0|Jun low C=14.1|Jul low C=16.0|Aug low C=15.8|Sep low C=12.7|Oct low C=9.9|Nov low C=6.4|Dec low C=4.0|Jan record low C=-13.8|Feb record low C=-11.6|Mar record low C=-6.2|Apr record low C=-2.0|May record low C=2.3|Jun record low C=6.1|Jul record low C=8.7|Aug record low C=8.6|Sep record low C=5.0|Oct record low C=-1.0|Nov record low C=-6.3|Dec record low C=-8.0|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=51|Feb precipitation mm=45|Mar precipitation mm=46|Apr precipitation mm=49|May precipitation mm=75|Jun precipitation mm=54|Jul precipitation mm=57|Aug precipitation mm=59|Sep precipitation mm=49|Oct precipitation mm=57|Nov precipitation mm=58|Dec precipitation mm=67|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=10.9|Feb precipitation days=9.6|Mar precipitation days=9.5|Apr precipitation days=8.6|May precipitation days=9.4|Jun precipitation days=8.5|Jul precipitation days=7.1|Aug precipitation days=8.1|Sep precipitation days=7.7|Oct precipitation days=9.9|Nov precipitation days=10.8|Dec precipitation days=11.7|Feb sun=|Mar sun=|Apr sun=|May sun=|Jun sun=|Jul sun=|Aug sun=|Sep sun=|Oct sun=|Nov sun=|Dec sun=|source=Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=75106001|title=Meteociel.fr 1981-2010 normales/records|language=fr|publisher=[[Méteociel]]}}</ref>}}{{Weather box|width=100%|location=Paris ([[Orly Airport]]), 1991–2020 normals, elevation: 89 m, extremes 1921–present|metric first=Y|single line=Y|collapsed=Y|Jan record high C=16.5|Feb record high C=20.8|Mar record high C=25.3|Apr record high C=29.4|May record high C=35.0|Jun record high C=37.1|Jul record high C=41.9|Aug record high C=40.0|Sep record high C=35.4|Oct record high C=31.3|Nov record high C=21.8|Dec record high C=17.3|Jan high C=7.2|Feb high C=8.5|Mar high C=12.5|Apr high C=16.2|May high C=19.8|Jun high C=23.2|Jul high C=25.8|Aug high C=25.7|Sep high C=21.5|Oct high C=16.4|Nov high C=10.9|Dec high C=7.6|Jan mean C=4.7|Feb mean C=5.2|Mar mean C=8.3|Apr mean C=11.3|May mean C=14.8|Jun mean C=18.2|Jul mean C=20.4|Aug mean C=20.2|Sep mean C=16.5|Oct mean C=12.6|Nov mean C=7.9|Dec mean C=5.2|Jan low C=2.1|Feb low C=2.0|Mar low C=4.2|Apr low C=6.4|May low C=9.9|Jun low C=13.1|Jul low C=15.0|Aug low C=14.6|Sep low C=11.5|Oct low C=8.7|Nov low C=5.0|Dec low C=2.7|Jan record low C=-16.8|Feb record low C=-15.0|Mar record low C=-9.4|Apr record low C=-4.3|May record low C=-1.3|Jun record low C=3.1|Jul record low C=6.7|Aug record low C=5.6|Sep record low C=1.7|Oct record low C=-3.9|Nov record low C=-9.6|Dec record low C=-13.3|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=46.8|Feb precipitation mm=42.6|Mar precipitation mm=44.4|Apr precipitation mm=44.5|May precipitation mm=63.0|Jun precipitation mm=56.1|Jul precipitation mm=52.9|Aug precipitation mm=57.9|Sep precipitation mm=47.4|Oct precipitation mm=52.8|Nov precipitation mm=53.4|Dec precipitation mm=60.4|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=10.5|Feb precipitation days=9.0|Mar precipitation days=8.9|Apr precipitation days=8.6|May precipitation days=9.5|Jun precipitation days=8.4|Jul precipitation days=7.0|Aug precipitation days=7.7|Sep precipitation days=7.7|Oct precipitation days=9.3|Nov precipitation days=10.3|Dec precipitation days=11.6|Jan snow days=3.6|Feb snow days=4.3|Mar snow days=2.0|Apr snow days=0.4|May snow days=0.0|Jun snow days=0.0|Jul snow days=0.0|Aug snow days=0.0|Sep snow days=0.0|Oct snow days=0.1|Nov snow days=0.6|Dec snow days=2.3|Jan humidity=86|Feb humidity=80|Mar humidity=76|Apr humidity=76|May humidity=72|Jun humidity=71|Jul humidity=70|Aug humidity=71|Sep humidity=77|Oct humidity=83|Nov humidity=86|Dec humidity=86|source 1=[[Meteo France]]<ref>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180310152919/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_91027002.pdf
| archive-date = 10 March 2018
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_91027002.pdf
| title = Orly (91)
| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = 10 March 2018}}</ref>|source 2=Infoclimat.fr (humidity 1961–1990)<ref>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223049/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07149-orly.html
| archive-date = 3 March 2016
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07149-orly.html
| title = Normes et records 1961-1990: Orly (94) - altitude 89m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = 10 March 2018}}</ref>|source=}}{{Weather box|width=100% <!-- 77% if there is a template or image next to it -->|collapsed=y <!-- y, if you have normal updates -->|open=|metric first=y <!-- always, except UK or US cities -->|single line=y|location=Paris ([[Paris–Le Bourget Airport|Le Bourget Airport]]), elevation: 65 m, 1961-1990 normals and extremes
<!--in the order as it appears in the table, not all of the following data may be available, especially records and days of precipitation -->|Jan mean C=3.8|Feb mean C=4.6|Mar mean C=6.9|Apr mean C=9.7|May mean C=13.1|Jun mean C=16.2|Jul mean C=18.3|Aug mean C=18.1|Sep mean C=15.7|Oct mean C=11.9|Nov mean C=6.9|Dec mean C=4.6|Jan high C=6.5|Feb high C=7.6|Mar high C=10.6|Apr high C=14.2|May high C=17.9|Jun high C=21.4|Jul high C=23.6|Aug high C=23.4|Sep high C=20.9|Oct high C=16.4|Nov high C=10.0|Dec high C=7.0|Jan record high C=15.6|Feb record high C=19.9|Mar record high C=23.6|Apr record high C=27.0|May record high C=30.9|Jun record high C=35.0|Jul record high C=36.9|Aug record high C=37.3|Sep record high C=33.1|Oct record high C=28.6|Nov record high C=20.0|Dec record high C=17.2|Jan low C=1.3|Feb low C=1.5|Mar low C=3.1|Apr low C=5.0|May low C=8.3|Jun low C=11.2|Jul low C=12.5|Aug low C=12.7|Sep low C=11.0|Oct low C=7.7|Nov low C=3.7|Dec low C=1.9|Jan record low C=-18.2|Feb record low C=-13.6|Mar record low C=-9.6|Apr record low C=-3.2|May record low C=-0.9|Jun record low C=2.8|Jul record low C=4.5|Aug record low C=4.7|Sep record low C=1.5|Oct record low C=-5.6|Nov record low C=-7.8|Dec record low C=-13.5|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=56.4|Feb precipitation mm=43.2|Mar precipitation mm=52.3|Apr precipitation mm=44.5|May precipitation mm=66.6|Jun precipitation mm=60.9|Jul precipitation mm=49.2|Aug precipitation mm=45.8|Sep precipitation mm=44.0|Oct precipitation mm=49.5|Nov precipitation mm=55.9|Dec precipitation mm=49.2|Jan percentsun=21.0|Feb percentsun=31.0|Mar percentsun=36.0|Apr percentsun=42.0|May percentsun=43.0|Jun percentsun=46.0|Jul percentsun=46.0|Aug percentsun=46.0|Sep percentsun=46.0|Oct percentsun=38.0|Nov percentsun=28.0|Dec percentsun=20.0|Jan sun=55.6|Feb sun=87.5|Mar sun=129.4|Apr sun=172.8|May sun=201.4|Jun sun=218.8|Jul sun=239.1|Aug sun=221.1|Sep sun=172.3|Oct sun=125.9|Nov sun=75.2|Dec sun=50.6|Jan snow days=3.5|Feb snow days=2.5|Mar snow days=2.5|Apr snow days=0|May snow days=0|Jun snow days=0|Jul snow days=0|Aug snow days=0|Sep snow days=0|Oct snow days=0|Nov snow days=0|Dec snow days=2.0|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=10.0|Feb precipitation days=10.0|Mar precipitation days=11.0|Apr precipitation days=9.0|May precipitation days=10.5|Jun precipitation days=9.0|Jul precipitation days=7.5|Aug precipitation days=8.0|Sep precipitation days=8.0|Oct precipitation days=9.0|Nov precipitation days=10.0|Dec precipitation days=10.0|source=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name = noaa>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/FR/07150.TXT
| title = Paris (07150) - WMO Weather Station
| access-date = January 21, 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210521131804/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/FR/07150.TXT
| archive-date = 2021-05-21
| url-status = dead
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}} [https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAAParis Archived] January 21, 2019, at the [[Wayback Machine]]</ref>}}{{Weather box|location=Paris ([[Batignolles]], [[17th arrondissement of Paris]]) (elevation: 45 m, 1981–2010 averages, extremes 1990−2015)|metric first=Y|single line=Y|collapsed=Y|Jan record high C=16.5|Feb record high C=18.5|Mar record high C=25.0|Apr record high C=28.5|May record high C=31.0|Jun record high C=37.5|Jul record high C=37.5|Aug record high C=39.0|Sep record high C=32.0|Oct record high C=29.0|Nov record high C=20.5|Dec record high C=16.5|Jan high C=7.7|Feb high C=9.0|Mar high C=12.9|Apr high C=16.4|May high C=20.3|Jun high C=23.4|Jul high C=25.7|Aug high C=25.7|Sep high C=21.7|Oct high C=16.8|Nov high C=11.2|Dec high C=7.7|Jan mean C=5.5|Feb mean C=6.3|Mar mean C=9.5|Apr mean C=12.3|May mean C=15.9|Jun mean C=18.8|Jul mean C=21.0|Aug mean C=21.1|Sep mean C=17.4|Oct mean C=13.7|Nov mean C=8.9|Dec mean C=5.7|Jan low C=3.4|Feb low C=3.7|Mar low C=6.1|Apr low C=8.2|May low C=11.6|Jun low C=14.3|Jul low C=16.4|Aug low C=16.6|Sep low C=13.3|Oct low C=10.4|Nov low C=6.6|Dec low C=3.7|Jan record low C=-12.0|Feb record low C=-11.0|Mar record low C=-4.0|Apr record low C=-1.5|May record low C=3.5|Jun record low C=6.0|Jul record low C=10.0|Aug record low C=10.0|Sep record low C=5.0|Oct record low C=0.5|Nov record low C=-5.5|Dec record low C=-8.5|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=47.4|Feb precipitation mm=40.5|Mar precipitation mm=44.3|Apr precipitation mm=48.5|May precipitation mm=65.5|Jun precipitation mm=50.0|Jul precipitation mm=61.2|Aug precipitation mm=50.1|Sep precipitation mm=49.9|Oct precipitation mm=60.1|Nov precipitation mm=46.5|Dec precipitation mm=58.4|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=10.1|Feb precipitation days=9.0|Mar precipitation days=10.2|Apr precipitation days=8.8|May precipitation days=10.0|Jun precipitation days=8.1|Jul precipitation days=7.5|Aug precipitation days=7.3|Sep precipitation days=7.9|Oct precipitation days=9.2|Nov precipitation days=9.6|Dec precipitation days=10.6}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! colspan="14" |Ìwádìí ojú ọjọ́ ní Paris
|-
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
! style="border-left-width:medium" | Ọdún
|-
! Àròpọ̀ àtọ́ka Ultraviolet
| style="background:#289500;color:#000000;" | 1
| style="background:#289500;color:#000000;" | 2
| style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;" | 3
| style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;" | 4
| style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;" | 6
| style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;" | 7
| style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;" | 7
| style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;" | 6
| style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;" | 4
| style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;" | 3
| style="background:#289500;color:#000000;" | 1
| style="background:#289500;color:#000000;" | 1
| style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium" | 3.8
|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;" | Orísun: Àtẹ Ìwòjú Ọjọ́
|}
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
=== Àwọn iṣẹ́ tí a tọ́ka sí ===
* {{Cite book|last=Goldstein|first=Natalie|title=Droughts And Heat Waves: A Practical Survival Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPZuf6gxIBAC&pg=PP8|date=2005|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4042-0536-9|access-date=25 October 2015|archive-date=1 January 2016}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lawrence|first=Rachel|title=Paris (City Guide)|publisher=Insight Guides|location=London|date=2010|isbn=978-981-282-079-2|url=https://archive.org/details/paris0000unse_b2o4}}
pgfgz232bvac3fx1z7dx3cr4sp2tfon
Ìjì líle Nuri (2008)
0
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2026-06-14T11:51:42Z
Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350974450|Typhoon Nuri (2008)]]"
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'''Ìjì Nuri''', [ nb 1 ] tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì Karen''' ní Philippines, ni ìjì kejìlá tí a pè ní ìjì àti ìjì keje tí Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) dá mọ̀. Ó jẹ́ ìjì kẹtalá, ìjì kejìlá àti ìjì kẹjọ ti àkókò ìjì Pacific ti ọdún 2008, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Pasifiki (JTWC) ti sọ. PAGASA yàn orúkọ Karen sí ìjì afẹ́fẹ́ fún ìgbà kejì, nígbà míìrán ó jẹ́ ní ọdún 2004 sí Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Rananim .
Ìjì líle Nuri bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọ̀ bí ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ pẹ̀lú JMA, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n pè é ní Ìjì líle Nuri ní ọjọ́ kejì. Ó dé ipò ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, Nuri bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọ̀ ní Philippines gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kẹjọ, ó sì pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn mẹ́wàá, ó sì farapa mọ́ 11. Lẹ́yìn náà, Nuri jáde sínú Òkun Gúúsù China ní ọjọ́ kejì, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí Gúúsù China. Bí Nuri ṣe ń sún mọ́ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Observatory gbé ìjì líle tàbí àmì ìjì líle Nọ́mbà 9 jáde fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ láti ìgbà Ìjì líle Dujuan ní ọdún 2003. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kọlu [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ní tààrà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-07-16}}</ref> JMA ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹjọ bí Ìjì líle Nuri ṣe ń lọ sí Gúúsù China.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Nuri 2008 track.png}}Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹjọ, ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kan bẹ́ sílẹ̀ ní àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn Òkun Pàsífíìkì sí àríwá ìlà oòrùn [[Guam]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ sọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kò ní di ìjì líle ní ilẹ̀ olóoru láti ọwọ́ Joint Typhoon Warning Center, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, JTWC sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé yóò di ìjì líle ní ilẹ̀ olóoru láàárín wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún, nítorí náà wọ́n gbé ìkìlọ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá ìjì Tropical Cyclone kalẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ, ìdààmú náà di èyí tí a ṣètò dáadáa, ó sì le sí i di ìjì líle ní ilẹ̀ olóoru nígbà tí ó wà ní ìlà-oòrùn Philippines. JTWC pè é ní 13W. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, àwọn méjèèjì JMA àti PAGASA ṣàwárí ìṣòro ilẹ̀ olóoru náà, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn lórí ìṣòro náà pẹ̀lú PAGASA tí ó fún ní orúkọ náà Karen fún ìṣòro náà.
Lẹ́yìn náà ni ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i di ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru pẹ̀lú JTWC ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ náà nígbà tí JMA àti PAGASA ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 00z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Nígbà tí JMA pe ìdààmú náà ní ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, wọ́n fún un ní orúkọ Nuri àti orúkọ àgbáyé ti 0810 láti ọwọ́ RSMC ní Tokyo. <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 00z" /> Ìdààmú kíákíá yìí tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú JMA tí ó pè é ní ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru líle ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ; lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n, pẹ̀lú JTWC àti PAGASA, ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ sí ìjì líle. <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 12z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref> <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 18z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref>
Ní ìparí ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù kẹjọ, Nuri dé etíkun Cagayan Province ní àríwá Luzon. Nuri wọ Canal Babuyan ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí àríwá sí ìhà àríwá sí etíkun gúúsù ìlà oòrùn China. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, PAGASA gbé ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ jáde lórí ìjì líle Karen (Nuri) bí Nuri ṣe kúrò ní agbègbè tí wọ́n ń ṣàkóso rẹ̀, ó sì lọ sí Hong Kong. Lẹ́yìn náà, JMA sọ Nuri di ìjì líle pẹ̀lú JTWC tí ó sọ Nuri di ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ náà. JMA kò sọ Nuri di ìjì líle títí di òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kejì nígbà tí Nuri ti kọlu Hong Kong ní tààràtà. Lẹ́yìn náà, JTWC ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ lórí Nuri. lẹ́yìn náà ni JMA sọ Nuri di aláìlera ní òjò yìnyín ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì, ó sì fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn lórí Nuri nígbà tí ó ń kó lọ sí ilẹ̀ China. <ref name="JMA Advisory 23-08-08 00z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Nuri_21-08-08.jpg|thumb|Ìjì líle Nuri ń sún mọ́ Guangdong ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2018]]
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
=== Philippines ===
PAGASA ti kede awọn ifihan agbara ikilọ iji lile gbogbo eniyan 1 si 3 jakejado Ariwa ati Central Luzon . Awọn agbegbe ti a kọkọ fun ni ifihan agbara iji nọmba 1 ni awọn agbegbe Cagayan ati Isabela . Sibẹsibẹ, bi iji naa ti n tọpa sunmọ Cagayan, awọn agbegbe diẹ sii ni a fi awọn ifihan agbara iji 1, 2 ati 3 si. PAGASA ti kede awọn ikilọ lori Karen titi di ọjọ 21 Oṣu Kẹjọ.
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ, Ìgbìmọ̀ Olùdarí Àjálù Orílẹ̀-èdè (NDCC) kéde ìdádúró àwọn kíláàsì ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún àti ogún oṣù kẹjọ fún àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí: Central Luzon, agbègbè Ilocos àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olú-ìlú gẹ́gẹ́ bí PAGASA ti sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìjì líle Karen (Nuri) yóò kan àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí. <ref name="NDCC Sitrep 1">{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-30}}</ref>
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
Ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kẹjọ bí ìjì líle Nuri ṣe kúrò ní Philippines sí gúúsù China, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 1 jáde bí ìjì líle Nuri ṣe wà ní àárín 800 kìlómítà sí Hong Kong. Ní ọjọ́ kejì, HKO gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 3 jáde bí ìjì líle Nuri ti ń sún mọ́ Hong Kong. Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, HKO gbé àmì ìdádúró Northwest Gale tàbí àmì ìdádúró No. 8 jáde ní agogo 07:40 (HKT). Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, HKO gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 9 sókè ní agogo 13:40 (HKT). Lẹ́yìn náà, HKO kìlọ̀ pé wọ́n yóò fipá mú wọn láti gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 10 wọn sókè láti ìgbà ìjì líle York ní ọdún 1999 tí Nuri bá ń lágbára sí i. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
Sibẹsibẹ, bi Nuri ti dinku diẹ, HKO ko nilo lati ṣe ifihan agbara afẹfẹ giga wọn. HKO pa Ifihan Iji lile ti n pọ si Nọmba 9 duro fun wakati 11, eyiti o gun ju eyikeyi ifihan agbara No. 9 miiran ti o wa ninu igbasilẹ lọ. Ṣaaju ki wọn to sọ ọ kalẹ si Southwest Gale tabi Ifihan Iji lile Nọmba 8 ni Oṣu Kẹjọ Ọjọ 23 eyiti o wa ni agbara fun wakati meji ṣaaju ki a to sọ ọ kalẹ si Ifihan Afẹfẹ Agbara Nọmba 3 ti a si sọ ọ kalẹ si Ifihan Iduro Nọmba 1 ni 09:40 (HKT). Gbogbo ifihan agbara ni a fagile ni 11:15 owurọ (HKT). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Ipa ==
=== Philippines ===
Ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], ìjì líle Karen (Nuri) pa ènìyàn méjìlá, ó ṣe ẹ́lẹ́ mẹ́tàlá, ó sì sọnù mẹ́tàdínlógún. Karen tún ní ipa búburú lórí ènìyàn 297,823 ní 947 barangays ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́sàn-án. Ìbàjẹ́ sí ohun ìní tí ìjì líle náà fà ní àwọn agbègbè Ilocos, Cagayan àti Cordillera jẹ́ ju PHP 518.7 mílíọ̀nù lọ, nínú èyí tí PHP 136.6 mílíọ̀nù jẹ́ àwọn ètò ìṣiṣẹ́ tí ó bàjẹ́ àti PHP 382.1 mílíọ̀nù jẹ́ àwọn ìbàjẹ́ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Obìnrin arúgbó kan tún wà ní Baguio tí ó ti di mọ́ inú àwọn èérún ilẹ̀ tí ó ṣẹ́kù. Òjò tí ìjì náà mú wá mú kí Malacaňang dá àwọn ìkọ́lé dúró ní gbogbo Metro Manila, èyí tí a fi sílẹ̀ láìsí ìdádúró bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òjò líle níbẹ̀ ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ náà. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, gbogbo ìbàjẹ́ ṣì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àríwá Luzon, pàápàá jùlọ ní àwọn agbègbè Cagayan àti Ilocos Norte .
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
[[Fáìlì:Nuri_2008_in_Hong_Kong.jpg|thumb|Hong Kong nigba ti Nuri n kọja lọ]]
Ìjì líle Nuri fa ìbàjẹ́ tó tó $380 (2008 USD) nígbà tí ó kọjá Hong Kong ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2008. Nuri pa ènìyàn méjì ní Hong Kong, ó sì ṣe àwọn ènìyàn méjìlá léṣe. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Àwọn ìròyìn 122 ló wà nípa igi tí ó wó tàbí tí ó bàjẹ́, àti ìròyìn méjì nípa òrùlé tí ó wó lulẹ̀ àti ìròyìn mẹ́jọ nípa àwọn àgbékalẹ̀ tí ó wó lulẹ̀. Ní Pápá Òfurufú Àgbáyé ti Hong Kong, ó lé ní ọkọ̀ òfurufú 590 tí a yí padà sí àwọn pápákọ̀ òfurufú mìíràn, tí a dá dúró tàbí tí a fagilé.
=== Ṣáínà ===
Ní orílẹ̀- [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|èdè China,]] ìjì líle Nuri ti kan àwọn ènìyàn tó lé ní 900,000 àti 53,000 hektari irugbin ní agbègbè Guangdong ní China. Nuri fa ìbàjẹ́ tó jẹ́ ti $58 Mílíọ̀nù (2008 USD) nígbà tí ó di ibi tí agbára kò pọ̀ sí ní agbègbè Guangdong ní China. Nuri tún pa ènìyàn mẹ́rin ní Guangdong. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Wo tun ==
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* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Nuri
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Karen
* Ìjì líle Ellen (1983)
* Ìjì líle Kai-tak (2012)
* Ìjì líle Krosa (2013)
* Ìjì líle Kalmaegi (2014)
* Ìjì líle Nida (2016)
* Ìjì líle Mangkhut (2018)
* Iji lile Kompasu (2021)
* Iji lile Ma-on (2022)
* Ìjì líle Doksuri (2023)
* Typhoon Yinxing (2024)
* Ìjì líle Wipha (2025)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
{{Commonscat}}{{2008 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/200812.html.en Ìròyìn Gbogbogbò JMA] nípa Ìjì Nuri (0812) láti ọwọ́ Ìjì Díjítàlì
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0812.pdf Àkọsílẹ̀ Orin JMA Tó Dáa Jùlọ] nípa Ìjì Nuri (0812) (in Japanese)
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0812.png Àkójọpọ̀ Àkójọpọ̀ JMA (Àwòrán)] ti Ìjì Nuri (0812)
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Dáta Orin JMA Tó Dáa Jùlọ (Ìkọ̀wé)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829033444/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bwp/bwp132008.txt JTWC Dáta Àkójọ Orin Tó Dáa JTWC] ti Ìjì 13W (Nuri)
* [https://archive.today/20140812020824/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc08/WPAC/13W.NURI/ 13W.NURI] láti ilé ìwádìí ojú omi ti Amẹ́ríkà
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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'''Ìjì Nuri''', [ nb 1 ] tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì Karen''' ní Philippines, ni ìjì kejìlá tí a pè ní ìjì àti ìjì keje tí Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) dá mọ̀. Ó jẹ́ ìjì kẹtalá, ìjì kejìlá àti ìjì kẹjọ ti àkókò ìjì Pacific ti ọdún 2008, gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Pasifiki (JTWC) ti sọ. PAGASA yàn orúkọ Karen sí ìjì afẹ́fẹ́ fún ìgbà kejì, nígbà míìrán ó jẹ́ ní ọdún 2004 sí Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Rananim .
Ìjì líle Nuri bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọ̀ bí ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ pẹ̀lú JMA, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n pè é ní Ìjì líle Nuri ní ọjọ́ kejì. Ó dé ipò ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ náà. Lẹ́yìn náà, Nuri bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọ̀ ní Philippines gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kẹjọ, ó sì pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn mẹ́wàá, ó sì farapa mọ́ 11. Lẹ́yìn náà, Nuri jáde sínú Òkun Gúúsù China ní ọjọ́ kejì, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí Gúúsù China. Bí Nuri ṣe ń sún mọ́ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Observatory gbé ìjì líle tàbí àmì ìjì líle Nọ́mbà 9 jáde fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ láti ìgbà Ìjì líle Dujuan ní ọdún 2003. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kọlu [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] ní tààrà gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-07-16}}</ref> JMA ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹjọ bí Ìjì líle Nuri ṣe ń lọ sí Gúúsù China.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Nuri 2008 track.png}}Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹjọ, ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kan bẹ́ sílẹ̀ ní àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn Òkun Pàsífíìkì sí àríwá ìlà oòrùn [[Guam]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Wọ́n kọ́kọ́ sọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé kò ní di ìjì líle ní ilẹ̀ olóoru láti ọwọ́ Joint Typhoon Warning Center, ṣùgbọ́n nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, JTWC sọ àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ pé yóò di ìjì líle ní ilẹ̀ olóoru láàárín wákàtí mẹ́rìnlélógún, nítorí náà wọ́n gbé ìkìlọ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá ìjì Tropical Cyclone kalẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ, ìdààmú náà di èyí tí a ṣètò dáadáa, ó sì le sí i di ìjì líle ní ilẹ̀ olóoru nígbà tí ó wà ní ìlà-oòrùn Philippines. JTWC pè é ní 13W. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, àwọn méjèèjì JMA àti PAGASA ṣàwárí ìṣòro ilẹ̀ olóoru náà, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn lórí ìṣòro náà pẹ̀lú PAGASA tí ó fún ní orúkọ náà Karen fún ìṣòro náà.
Lẹ́yìn náà ni ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pọ̀ sí i di ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru pẹ̀lú JTWC ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ náà nígbà tí JMA àti PAGASA ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 00z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Nígbà tí JMA pe ìdààmú náà ní ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, wọ́n fún un ní orúkọ Nuri àti orúkọ àgbáyé ti 0810 láti ọwọ́ RSMC ní Tokyo. <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 00z" /> Ìdààmú kíákíá yìí tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú JMA tí ó pè é ní ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru líle ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ; lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n, pẹ̀lú JTWC àti PAGASA, ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ sí ìjì líle. <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 12z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref> <ref name="JMA Advisory 18-08-08 18z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref>
Ní ìparí ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù kẹjọ, Nuri dé etíkun Cagayan Province ní àríwá Luzon. Nuri wọ Canal Babuyan ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí àríwá sí ìhà àríwá sí etíkun gúúsù ìlà oòrùn China. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, PAGASA gbé ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ jáde lórí ìjì líle Karen (Nuri) bí Nuri ṣe kúrò ní agbègbè tí wọ́n ń ṣàkóso rẹ̀, ó sì lọ sí Hong Kong. Lẹ́yìn náà, JMA sọ Nuri di ìjì líle pẹ̀lú JTWC tí ó sọ Nuri di ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ náà. JMA kò sọ Nuri di ìjì líle títí di òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kejì nígbà tí Nuri ti kọlu Hong Kong ní tààràtà. Lẹ́yìn náà, JTWC ṣe ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ lórí Nuri. lẹ́yìn náà ni JMA sọ Nuri di aláìlera ní òjò yìnyín ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì, ó sì fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn lórí Nuri nígbà tí ó ń kó lọ sí ilẹ̀ China. <ref name="JMA Advisory 23-08-08 00z">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-08-28}}</ref>
== Àwọn ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ==
[[Fáìlì:Nuri_21-08-08.jpg|thumb|Ìjì líle Nuri ń sún mọ́ Guangdong ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2018]]
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=== Philippines ===
PAGASA ti kede awọn ifihan agbara ikilọ iji lile gbogbo eniyan 1 si 3 jakejado Ariwa ati Central Luzon . Awọn agbegbe ti a kọkọ fun ni ifihan agbara iji nọmba 1 ni awọn agbegbe Cagayan ati Isabela . Sibẹsibẹ, bi iji naa ti n tọpa sunmọ Cagayan, awọn agbegbe diẹ sii ni a fi awọn ifihan agbara iji 1, 2 ati 3 si. PAGASA ti kede awọn ikilọ lori Karen titi di ọjọ 21 Oṣu Kẹjọ.
Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ, Ìgbìmọ̀ Olùdarí Àjálù Orílẹ̀-èdè (NDCC) kéde ìdádúró àwọn kíláàsì ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún àti ogún oṣù kẹjọ fún àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí: Central Luzon, agbègbè Ilocos àti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olú-ìlú gẹ́gẹ́ bí PAGASA ti sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé ìjì líle Karen (Nuri) yóò kan àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí. <ref name="NDCC Sitrep 1">{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-30}}</ref>
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
Ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kẹjọ bí ìjì líle Nuri ṣe kúrò ní Philippines sí gúúsù China, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 1 jáde bí ìjì líle Nuri ṣe wà ní àárín 800 kìlómítà sí Hong Kong. Ní ọjọ́ kejì, HKO gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 3 jáde bí ìjì líle Nuri ti ń sún mọ́ Hong Kong. Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, HKO gbé àmì ìdádúró Northwest Gale tàbí àmì ìdádúró No. 8 jáde ní agogo 07:40 (HKT). Ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹjọ, HKO gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 9 sókè ní agogo 13:40 (HKT). Lẹ́yìn náà, HKO kìlọ̀ pé wọ́n yóò fipá mú wọn láti gbé àmì ìdádúró No. 10 wọn sókè láti ìgbà ìjì líle York ní ọdún 1999 tí Nuri bá ń lágbára sí i. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
Sibẹsibẹ, bi Nuri ti dinku diẹ, HKO ko nilo lati ṣe ifihan agbara afẹfẹ giga wọn. HKO pa Ifihan Iji lile ti n pọ si Nọmba 9 duro fun wakati 11, eyiti o gun ju eyikeyi ifihan agbara No. 9 miiran ti o wa ninu igbasilẹ lọ. Ṣaaju ki wọn to sọ ọ kalẹ si Southwest Gale tabi Ifihan Iji lile Nọmba 8 ni Oṣu Kẹjọ Ọjọ 23 eyiti o wa ni agbara fun wakati meji ṣaaju ki a to sọ ọ kalẹ si Ifihan Afẹfẹ Agbara Nọmba 3 ti a si sọ ọ kalẹ si Ifihan Iduro Nọmba 1 ni 09:40 (HKT). Gbogbo ifihan agbara ni a fagile ni 11:15 owurọ (HKT). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Ipa ==
=== Philippines ===
Ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], ìjì líle Karen (Nuri) pa ènìyàn méjìlá, ó ṣe ẹ́lẹ́ mẹ́tàlá, ó sì sọnù mẹ́tàdínlógún. Karen tún ní ipa búburú lórí ènìyàn 297,823 ní 947 barangays ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́sàn-án. Ìbàjẹ́ sí ohun ìní tí ìjì líle náà fà ní àwọn agbègbè Ilocos, Cagayan àti Cordillera jẹ́ ju PHP 518.7 mílíọ̀nù lọ, nínú èyí tí PHP 136.6 mílíọ̀nù jẹ́ àwọn ètò ìṣiṣẹ́ tí ó bàjẹ́ àti PHP 382.1 mílíọ̀nù jẹ́ àwọn ìbàjẹ́ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Obìnrin arúgbó kan tún wà ní Baguio tí ó ti di mọ́ inú àwọn èérún ilẹ̀ tí ó ṣẹ́kù. Òjò tí ìjì náà mú wá mú kí Malacaňang dá àwọn ìkọ́lé dúró ní gbogbo Metro Manila, èyí tí a fi sílẹ̀ láìsí ìdádúró bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òjò líle níbẹ̀ ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ náà. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, gbogbo ìbàjẹ́ ṣì ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àríwá Luzon, pàápàá jùlọ ní àwọn agbègbè Cagayan àti Ilocos Norte .
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
[[Fáìlì:Nuri_2008_in_Hong_Kong.jpg|thumb|Hong Kong nigba ti Nuri n kọja lọ]]
Ìjì líle Nuri fa ìbàjẹ́ tó tó $380 (2008 USD) nígbà tí ó kọjá Hong Kong ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2008. Nuri pa ènìyàn méjì ní Hong Kong, ó sì ṣe àwọn ènìyàn méjìlá léṣe. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Àwọn ìròyìn 122 ló wà nípa igi tí ó wó tàbí tí ó bàjẹ́, àti ìròyìn méjì nípa òrùlé tí ó wó lulẹ̀ àti ìròyìn mẹ́jọ nípa àwọn àgbékalẹ̀ tí ó wó lulẹ̀. Ní Pápá Òfurufú Àgbáyé ti Hong Kong, ó lé ní ọkọ̀ òfurufú 590 tí a yí padà sí àwọn pápákọ̀ òfurufú mìíràn, tí a dá dúró tàbí tí a fagilé.
=== Ṣáínà ===
Ní orílẹ̀- [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|èdè China,]] ìjì líle Nuri ti kan àwọn ènìyàn tó lé ní 900,000 àti 53,000 hektari irugbin ní agbègbè Guangdong ní China. Nuri fa ìbàjẹ́ tó jẹ́ ti $58 Mílíọ̀nù (2008 USD) nígbà tí ó di ibi tí agbára kò pọ̀ sí ní agbègbè Guangdong ní China. Nuri tún pa ènìyàn mẹ́rin ní Guangdong. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup>
== Wo tun ==
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* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Nuri
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Karen
* Ìjì líle Ellen (1983)
* Ìjì líle Kai-tak (2012)
* Ìjì líle Krosa (2013)
* Ìjì líle Kalmaegi (2014)
* Ìjì líle Nida (2016)
* Ìjì líle Mangkhut (2018)
* Iji lile Kompasu (2021)
* Iji lile Ma-on (2022)
* Ìjì líle Doksuri (2023)
* Typhoon Yinxing (2024)
* Ìjì líle Wipha (2025)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
{{Commonscat}}{{2008 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/200812.html.en Ìròyìn Gbogbogbò JMA] nípa Ìjì Nuri (0812) láti ọwọ́ Ìjì Díjítàlì
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0812.pdf Àkọsílẹ̀ Orin JMA Tó Dáa Jùlọ] nípa Ìjì Nuri (0812) (in Japanese)
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0812.png Àkójọpọ̀ Àkójọpọ̀ JMA (Àwòrán)] ti Ìjì Nuri (0812)
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Dáta Orin JMA Tó Dáa Jùlọ (Ìkọ̀wé)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829033444/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bwp/bwp132008.txt JTWC Dáta Àkójọ Orin Tó Dáa JTWC] ti Ìjì 13W (Nuri)
* [https://archive.today/20140812020824/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc08/WPAC/13W.NURI/ 13W.NURI] láti ilé ìwádìí ojú omi ti Amẹ́ríkà
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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Ìjì líle Nora (1973)
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Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330221840|Typhoon Nora (1973)]]"
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'''Ìjì líle Nora''', tí a mọ̀ sí '''Super Typhoon Luming''' ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], ni a so mọ́ fún [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìjì líle]] kẹta tí ó le jùlọ ní gbogbo àkọọ́lẹ̀. Láti agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kékeré wà lórí ìwọ̀ oòrùn Pacific, a kọ́kọ́ dá Nora mọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru ní oṣù kẹwàá. 2, 1973. Lílọ kiri ní gbogbogbòò sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ètò náà ń pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀, ó sì dé ipò ìjì líle ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kejì. Lẹ́yìn tí ó yí padà sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ìjì líle náà dé àkókò líle kíákíá, nígbà tí ìfúnpá àárín rẹ̀ dínkù sí 77 mb ( hPa ; 2.27 inHg ) ní 24 Wákàtí. Ní ìparí ìpele yìí, Nora dé ògógóró pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ {{Convert|295|km/h|mph}} àti ìfúnpá ti 875 mb (hPa; 25.84 inHg), èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ olóoru tí a rí ní àkọọ́lẹ̀ (pẹ̀lú Typhoon Ida ní ọdún 1958 ) ní àkókò náà; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìfúnpá yìí ti so pọ̀ mọ́ Typhoon June, Typhoon Tip àti Hurricane Patricia sì borí rẹ̀. Ìjì náà lẹ́yìn náà di aláìlera ó sì yípadà sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn bí ó ti ń súnmọ́ [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Lẹ́yìn tí ó gbá Luzon ní oṣù kẹwàá Ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹwàá, ètò náà kọjá ní gúúsù [[Taiwan]], ó sì dé ilẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀- [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|èdè China]] ní oṣù kẹwàá. 10. Nígbà tí Nora dé etíkun, ó yára rẹ̀wẹ̀sì, ó sì yọ́ kúrò ní ọjọ́ kejì.
Philippines ati Taiwan ni o padanu julọ lati inu Typhoon Nora, pẹlu 36 Àwọn ènìyàn ń pàdánù ẹ̀mí wọn lápapọ̀. Nínú èyí tí ó ṣáájú, ó ju 1 lọ miliọnu awọn olugbe ni wọn di alainile bi afẹfẹ lile ati ikun omi ti ba awọn ile jẹ. Ibajẹ ni orilẹ-ede naa de US$ 2{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù (déédé $ 14.5{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù ní 2025 ). Ní Taiwan, ó ju ẹgbẹ̀rún kan lọ Àwọn ilé wó lulẹ̀, ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́jọ sì wó lulẹ̀ Àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ láìnílé. Ìjì líle náà tún ló fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú omi tó pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn mẹ́rin. Lápapọ̀, ogójì ènìyàn ló kú nítorí Nora. Ó tún jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ lára àwọn ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó jà ní Philippines láàárín àkókò kúkúrú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìjì líle Patsy àti Ruth tó tẹ̀lé e ní ọjọ́ mélòó kan lẹ́yìn náà.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{Most intense tropical cyclones|align=right}}Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án 30, ilẹ̀ tí kò lágbára kan tí ó rọ̀ sílẹ̀ láàárín omi òjò ní nǹkan bí ọdún 195 kìlómítà (120) mi) gúúsù Yap . Bí ó ti ń yọ́ lọ sí àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ètò náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yípadà díẹ̀díẹ̀ sí ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀ olóoru ní oṣù kẹwàá 2. Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, ìwádìí ọkọ̀ òfúrufú fi hàn pé ètò náà ti le sí i di ìjì líle, nígbà náà ni wọ́n fún un ní orúkọ ''Nora'' . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> Ìṣípò ètò náà yára di èyí tí kò sì dúró dáadáa, Nora sì ṣe ìyípo kan ní òdìkejì ní oṣù kẹwàá. 3. <ref name="ATCR" /> <ref name="Climo">{{Cite journal|date=February 1976|access-date=April 14, 2013|title=Climatological Data: National Summary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ihRAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí ó parí ìyípo náà, ó dé ipò ìjì líle, ó sì gba ọ̀nà ìgbà díẹ̀ sí àríwá. <ref name="ATCR" /> Nítorí pé ìjì náà sún mọ́ Philippines, ìjọba Philippines tún ṣe àkíyèsí ìjì náà, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ ìbílẹ̀ ''Luming'' . <ref name="NDCC">{{Cite web|archivedate=November 12, 2004}}</ref> Ní ìparí oṣù kẹwàá 4, Nora bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fara da àkókò ìgbónára kíákíá . <ref name="Climo" /> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ iṣẹ́ àyẹ̀wò ọkọ̀ òfurufú ni Ẹgbẹ́ Àgbàlagbà Afẹ́fẹ́ 54th ti [[Ajagun Ojúòfurufú Amẹ́ríkà|US Air Force]] gbé sínú ìjì náà láàárín oṣù kẹwàá. 5 àti 6, tí ó ń ṣàkọsílẹ̀ bí ìjì líle náà ṣe lágbára tó. <ref name="Intensity">{{Cite journal|date=February 1975|title=An Extreme Sea-Level Pressure Report in a Tropical Cyclone|url=free}}</ref>{{storm path|Nora 1973 Path.png|colors=new}}Ní alẹ́ oṣù kẹwàá 5, Nora ti gba afẹfẹ ti o ju {{Convert|260|km/h|mph}} lọ, tí a fi ṣe àkójọpọ̀ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ẹ̀ka kan<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mweg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ìjì líle alágbára tó dọ́gba márùn-ún lórí ìwọ̀n ìjì líle Saffir-Simpson . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> Iṣẹ́ àtúnyẹ̀wò sínú ìjì náà ní àkókò yìí fi àwọn ojú ojú tó wà ní ìṣọ̀kan hàn, tí wọ́n wọn ní {{Convert|14|km|mi|0}} àti {{Convert|32|km|mi|0}} . Ní àkọ́kọ́, ọkọ̀ òfurufú náà kò lè wọ inú ojú nítorí ìrúkèrúdò líle koko; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àṣeyọrí lẹ́yìn ìgbìyànjú kejì. Nígbà tí wọ́n wọ inú ojú, wọ́n rí ibi tí kò ní ìkùukùu pẹ̀lú “àmphitheater tàbí ìrísí bí abọ́.” A tẹ ìkùukùu Stratocumulus mọ́lẹ̀ sí ibi gíga tí ó kéré jù ti {{Convert|1.2|km|mi}} . Aarin Nora gbona gan-an, pẹlu iwọn otutu ti o fẹrẹ to igbasilẹ {{Convert|30|C|F}} ní 700 Ipele mb. Ní 0020 [[Ajọfọ̀nàkò Àsìkò Káríayé|UTC]] ní Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 6, dropsonde kan tí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ nípa ìwádìí tú jáde ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìfúnpá ojú ilẹ̀ ti 877 mb ( hPa ; 25.91 inHg ) ní inú ojú ìjì náà. <ref name="Intensity">{{Cite journal|date=February 1975|title=An Extreme Sea-Level Pressure Report in a Tropical Cyclone|url=free}}</ref> Ní àkókò yìí, a ṣírò pé afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀ jùlọ ti dé {{Convert|295|km/h|mph}} . <ref name="ATCR" /> Ìwọ̀n agbára yìí yan Nora gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní gbogbo àgbáyé, pẹ̀lú Typhoon Ida ní ọdún 1958. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, nínú ìwádìí lẹ́yìn ìjì, a ṣàkíyèsí pé níwọ̀n ìgbà tí ìjì náà kò tíì kọ ìfúnpá sílẹ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn ìjì náà, ó ṣeé ṣe kí Nora lágbára díẹ̀ ju bí a ti sọ lọ. <ref name="Intensity" /> Láti ìgbà náà, ìjì méjì mìíràn ti kọjá agbára Nora: Typhoon Tip ní ọdún 1979, àti Hurricane Patricia ní ọdún 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=free}}</ref>
Láìka bí ìjì náà ṣe le tó, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọra dẹ̀ bí ó ṣe ń sún mọ́ Philippines ní oṣù kẹwàá. 6. Láàárín mẹ́wàá awọn wakati, titẹ naa dide si 894 mb (hPa; 26.40 inHg) àti lẹ́yìn náà wọ́n ti fi sílẹ̀ lábẹ́ Ẹ̀ka Ipo 5. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Intensity">{{Cite journal|date=February 1975|title=An Extreme Sea-Level Pressure Report in a Tropical Cyclone|url=free}}</ref> Ni owuro ojo naa, Nora yi pada si ariwa-oorun ni idahun si irẹwẹsi ni oke kekere ti o wa ni isalẹ okun ati igbi omi kukuru ti n sunmọ lori [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] . <ref name="ATCR" /> Irẹwẹsi ti o duro ṣinṣin tẹsiwaju ni awọn ọjọ ti o tẹle, pẹlu iji ti o kọlu apa ariwa-oorun Luzon, Philippines, pẹlu afẹfẹ – . km/h (110 – 115 ní oṣù kẹwàá) 7. <ref name="ATCR" /> <ref name="Climo">{{Cite journal|date=February 1976|access-date=April 14, 2013|title=Climatological Data: National Summary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ihRAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Ikunra Nora ti pọ si ni ayika {{Convert|130|km/h|mph}}ní oṣù 8 bí ó ṣe ń tọ́pasẹ̀ láàrín Philippines àti [[Taiwan]] . <ref name="ATCR" /> Lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá láàrín 95 kìlómítà (60) (mi) ti Taiwan, Nora yipada si ariwa diẹ sii ṣaaju ki o to ṣubu ni nitosi Xiamen, Fujian gẹgẹbi iji lile ti o kere julọ ni ibẹrẹ Oṣu Kẹwa 10. Nígbà tí wọ́n dé etíkun, ìjì náà yára bàjẹ́ sí agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kò pọ̀ tó kí ó tó yọ́ ní ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="ATCR" />
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
=== Philippines ===
==== Luzon ====
[[Fáìlì:Typhoon_Nora_GIBBS_IR.png|thumb|240x240px|Ìjì líle Nora sún mọ́ ibi tí agbára rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí.]]
Kí ìjì líle tó dé Philippines, gbogbo ọkọ̀ òfurufú tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde ní [[Manila]] ni wọ́n ti fagilé; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìrìnàjò kárí ayé kò ní ipa kankan lórí rẹ̀. Ọmọ [[Ajagun Ojúòfurufú Amẹ́ríkà|ogun òfurufú Amẹ́ríkà]] tún gbé àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú rẹ̀ láti Clark Air Base sí àwọn ibùdó mìíràn ní Asia. Ní àfikún, gbogbo ilé ìwé ní Manila ni wọ́n ti pa. Ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ etíkun Luzon ní Philippines gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀ka kan Ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó dọ́gba, Nora fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ ní agbègbè náà. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> A wọn afẹ́fẹ́ alágbára gíga káàkiri ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè Luzon ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n gíga tó ga jùlọ ti {{Convert|126|km/h|mph}} ní èbúté Manila. Àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ wọ̀nyí fa àdánù agbára àti ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ káàkiri Peninsula. <ref name="SPT1" /> Ìlú Baguio (ẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn 100,000) pàdánù agbára fún nǹkan bíi wákàtí mẹ́fà. <ref name="SJG1" /> Àdánù oko pọ̀ gan-an, pẹ̀lú ìjì náà tí ó sún mọ́ àkókò ìkórè. <ref name="SPT1" /> Òjò líle láti inú ìjì náà, tí ó ga jùlọ sí {{Convert|338|mm|in}} ní Baguio, <ref name="Climo" /> fa ìkún omi ńlá kan ó sì fa ìyapa ní Arnedo Dike ní Apalit, Pampanga . Àwọn ìlú mẹ́jọ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ 45 kìlómítà (30) mi) ìsàlẹ̀ odò náà kún fún omi; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn ọ̀nà ṣì wà láìsí ìṣòro. Ìkún omi ní Manila tún fa kí àwọn ènìyàn 400 kúrò níbẹ̀. Àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀. <ref name="SJG1" /> Ní Caloocan, ọmọdé kan kú lẹ́yìn tí iná mànàmáná pa á nípa lílo wáyà tí ó ti já lulẹ̀. <ref name="SPT1">{{Cite news|location=Manila, Philippines}}</ref> Ní gbogbo Philippines, 24 Àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n pa, ó sì ju 1 lọ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn ló di aláìnílé. <ref name="LNS1">{{Cite news|location=Manila, Philippines}}</ref> Ìbàjẹ́ tó bá àwọn oko àti dúkìá dé US$ 2{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù (déédé $ 14.5{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù ní 2025 ). <ref name="ATCR" />
=== Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ===
Nígbà tí ó ń kọjá ní gúúsù Taiwan, àwọn òkun líle tí ìjì líle náà dá sílẹ̀ ló fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú omi lórí Òkun Taiwan àti Òkun ''Gúúsù'' China . Wọ́n gba àwọn atukọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi là. Ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Baltic Klif'' ti ilẹ̀ Gíríìsì tó nǹkan bí àádọ́jọ [150] kìlómítà (90) mi) gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn ti Penghu Islands, pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi mẹ́ta tí a ti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé wọ́n ti kú, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn mìíràn sì sọnù, tí a sì rò pé wọ́n ti kú. Ní àfikún, ọkọ̀ ojú omi ẹja Taiwan ''Jai Tai NR3'' di èyí tí ó dì mọ́ àárín {{Convert|9.1|m|ft}} òkun, pẹ̀lú ọfà rẹ̀ tí ó pín sí méjì. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn atukọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi náà kú; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''USS Worden'' gba àwọn apẹja méje là láìka àwọn òkun tí ó léwu sí. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> Bí ìjì náà ṣe ń sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ní China, àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi méjì di èyí tí ó dì mọ́ Òkun Gúúsù China, wọ́n sì fi àmì ìdààmú ránṣẹ́. <ref name="DN1">{{Cite news|date=October 9, 1973|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=58lhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dH8DAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20nora&pg=3652%2C2079173}}</ref>
=== Taiwan ati China ===
Ṣíṣí láàrin 95 kìlómítà (60) (mi) ní Taiwan, ìjì náà mú afẹ́fẹ́ líle àti òjò ńlá wá sí erékùṣù náà. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle tó ga jùlọ ti {{Convert|126|km/h|mph}}Wọ́n wọn ní Tungchi, Erékùṣù Penghu. Àwọn ipa pàtàkì jùlọ wá láti inú òjò, èyí tí ó jẹ́ {{Convert|523|mm|in}} ní Sinkong fún wákàtí ogún. Ìkún omi tó gbòòrò àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilẹ̀ ilẹ̀ pa ó kéré tán ẹgbẹ̀rún kan (1,000) run Àwọn ilé, àti àwọn afárá, òpópónà, àti ojú irin tí ó ti bàjẹ́. <ref name="ATCR" /> Ènìyàn méjìlá ló pàdánù ẹ̀mí wọn, àwọn méjìdínlọ́gbọ̀n míràn sì sọnù. Ní àfikún, 8,000 Àwọn ènìyàn kò nílé. <ref name="ATCR" /> Ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], ìjì líle náà fa afẹ́fẹ́ líle, ó sì dé {{Convert|95|km/h|mph}}, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òjò kò rọ̀ rárá. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Nora kọlu China gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle, kò sí ìròyìn kankan nípa ìbàjẹ́ tí a rí. <ref name="ATCR" />
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
== Àbájáde ==
Nora ni àkọ́kọ́ lára àwọn ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó kọlu Philippines láàárín ọ̀sẹ̀ kan, pẹ̀lú Patsy àti Ruth méjèèjì tó kọlu orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní oṣù kẹwàá. 12 àti 15 lẹ́sẹẹsẹ. <ref name="LNS1">{{Cite news|location=Manila, Philippines}}</ref> Èyí dí àwọn ìsapá ìgbàpadà lọ́wọ́ nítorí náà, pàápàá jùlọ pẹ̀lú Ruth, nítorí pé èyí tí ó kẹ́yìn yóò pa 27 míràn ní Luzon.
== Wo tun ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
* Àkókò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 1973
* Àkójọ àwọn ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ olóoru
** Ìmọ̀ràn Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́
** Ìjì líle Ida (1958)
** Ìjì líle mìíràn tó lágbára gan-an tó sì gbóná janjan ní agbègbè kan náà tí Nora wà.
** Ìjì líle Doksuri (2023) - Ìjì líle kan tó jọ orin Nora
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/en/typh/ Ile-iṣẹ Oju-ọjọ Japan]
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC Ile-iṣẹ Ikilọ Ajọṣepọ ti] Archived
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'''Ìjì líle Nora''', tí a mọ̀ sí '''Super Typhoon Luming''' ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], ni a so mọ́ fún [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìjì líle]] kẹta tí ó le jùlọ ní gbogbo àkọọ́lẹ̀. Láti agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kékeré wà lórí ìwọ̀ oòrùn Pacific, a kọ́kọ́ dá Nora mọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru ní oṣù kẹwàá. 2, 1973. Lílọ kiri ní gbogbogbòò sí ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ètò náà ń pọ̀ sí i díẹ̀díẹ̀, ó sì dé ipò ìjì líle ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kejì. Lẹ́yìn tí ó yí padà sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ìjì líle náà dé àkókò líle kíákíá, nígbà tí ìfúnpá àárín rẹ̀ dínkù sí 77 mb ( hPa ; 2.27 inHg ) ní 24 Wákàtí. Ní ìparí ìpele yìí, Nora dé ògógóró pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ {{Convert|295|km/h|mph}} àti ìfúnpá ti 875 mb (hPa; 25.84 inHg), èyí tí ó sọ ọ́ di ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ olóoru tí a rí ní àkọọ́lẹ̀ (pẹ̀lú Typhoon Ida ní ọdún 1958 ) ní àkókò náà; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìfúnpá yìí ti so pọ̀ mọ́ Typhoon June, Typhoon Tip àti Hurricane Patricia sì borí rẹ̀. Ìjì náà lẹ́yìn náà di aláìlera ó sì yípadà sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn bí ó ti ń súnmọ́ [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Lẹ́yìn tí ó gbá Luzon ní oṣù kẹwàá Ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹwàá, ètò náà kọjá ní gúúsù [[Taiwan]], ó sì dé ilẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀- [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|èdè China]] ní oṣù kẹwàá. 10. Nígbà tí Nora dé etíkun, ó yára rẹ̀wẹ̀sì, ó sì yọ́ kúrò ní ọjọ́ kejì.
Philippines ati Taiwan ni o padanu julọ lati inu Typhoon Nora, pẹlu 36 Àwọn ènìyàn ń pàdánù ẹ̀mí wọn lápapọ̀. Nínú èyí tí ó ṣáájú, ó ju 1 lọ miliọnu awọn olugbe ni wọn di alainile bi afẹfẹ lile ati ikun omi ti ba awọn ile jẹ. Ibajẹ ni orilẹ-ede naa de US$ 2{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù (déédé $ 14.5{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù ní 2025 ). Ní Taiwan, ó ju ẹgbẹ̀rún kan lọ Àwọn ilé wó lulẹ̀, ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́jọ sì wó lulẹ̀ Àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n fi sílẹ̀ láìnílé. Ìjì líle náà tún ló fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú omi tó pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn mẹ́rin. Lápapọ̀, ogójì ènìyàn ló kú nítorí Nora. Ó tún jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ lára àwọn ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó jà ní Philippines láàárín àkókò kúkúrú, pẹ̀lú àwọn ìjì líle Patsy àti Ruth tó tẹ̀lé e ní ọjọ́ mélòó kan lẹ́yìn náà.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{Most intense tropical cyclones|align=right}}Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án 30, ilẹ̀ tí kò lágbára kan tí ó rọ̀ sílẹ̀ láàárín omi òjò ní nǹkan bí ọdún 195 kìlómítà (120) mi) gúúsù Yap . Bí ó ti ń yọ́ lọ sí àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ètò náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yípadà díẹ̀díẹ̀ sí ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀ olóoru ní oṣù kẹwàá 2. Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, ìwádìí ọkọ̀ òfúrufú fi hàn pé ètò náà ti le sí i di ìjì líle, nígbà náà ni wọ́n fún un ní orúkọ ''Nora'' . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> Ìṣípò ètò náà yára di èyí tí kò sì dúró dáadáa, Nora sì ṣe ìyípo kan ní òdìkejì ní oṣù kẹwàá. 3. <ref name="ATCR" /> <ref name="Climo">{{Cite journal|date=February 1976|access-date=April 14, 2013|title=Climatological Data: National Summary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ihRAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn tí ó parí ìyípo náà, ó dé ipò ìjì líle, ó sì gba ọ̀nà ìgbà díẹ̀ sí àríwá. <ref name="ATCR" /> Nítorí pé ìjì náà sún mọ́ Philippines, ìjọba Philippines tún ṣe àkíyèsí ìjì náà, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ ìbílẹ̀ ''Luming'' . <ref name="NDCC">{{Cite web|archivedate=November 12, 2004}}</ref> Ní ìparí oṣù kẹwàá 4, Nora bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fara da àkókò ìgbónára kíákíá . <ref name="Climo" /> Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ iṣẹ́ àyẹ̀wò ọkọ̀ òfurufú ni Ẹgbẹ́ Àgbàlagbà Afẹ́fẹ́ 54th ti [[Ajagun Ojúòfurufú Amẹ́ríkà|US Air Force]] gbé sínú ìjì náà láàárín oṣù kẹwàá. 5 àti 6, tí ó ń ṣàkọsílẹ̀ bí ìjì líle náà ṣe lágbára tó. <ref name="Intensity">{{Cite journal|date=February 1975|title=An Extreme Sea-Level Pressure Report in a Tropical Cyclone|url=free}}</ref>{{storm path|Nora 1973 Path.png|colors=new}}Ní alẹ́ oṣù kẹwàá 5, Nora ti gba afẹfẹ ti o ju {{Convert|260|km/h|mph}} lọ, tí a fi ṣe àkójọpọ̀ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ẹ̀ka kan<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mweg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ìjì líle alágbára tó dọ́gba márùn-ún lórí ìwọ̀n ìjì líle Saffir-Simpson . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> Iṣẹ́ àtúnyẹ̀wò sínú ìjì náà ní àkókò yìí fi àwọn ojú ojú tó wà ní ìṣọ̀kan hàn, tí wọ́n wọn ní {{Convert|14|km|mi|0}} àti {{Convert|32|km|mi|0}} . Ní àkọ́kọ́, ọkọ̀ òfurufú náà kò lè wọ inú ojú nítorí ìrúkèrúdò líle koko; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, wọ́n ṣe àṣeyọrí lẹ́yìn ìgbìyànjú kejì. Nígbà tí wọ́n wọ inú ojú, wọ́n rí ibi tí kò ní ìkùukùu pẹ̀lú “àmphitheater tàbí ìrísí bí abọ́.” A tẹ ìkùukùu Stratocumulus mọ́lẹ̀ sí ibi gíga tí ó kéré jù ti {{Convert|1.2|km|mi}} . Aarin Nora gbona gan-an, pẹlu iwọn otutu ti o fẹrẹ to igbasilẹ {{Convert|30|C|F}} ní 700 Ipele mb. Ní 0020 [[Ajọfọ̀nàkò Àsìkò Káríayé|UTC]] ní Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 6, dropsonde kan tí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ nípa ìwádìí tú jáde ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìfúnpá ojú ilẹ̀ ti 877 mb ( hPa ; 25.91 inHg ) ní inú ojú ìjì náà. <ref name="Intensity">{{Cite journal|date=February 1975|title=An Extreme Sea-Level Pressure Report in a Tropical Cyclone|url=free}}</ref> Ní àkókò yìí, a ṣírò pé afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀ jùlọ ti dé {{Convert|295|km/h|mph}} . <ref name="ATCR" /> Ìwọ̀n agbára yìí yan Nora gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní gbogbo àgbáyé, pẹ̀lú Typhoon Ida ní ọdún 1958. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, nínú ìwádìí lẹ́yìn ìjì, a ṣàkíyèsí pé níwọ̀n ìgbà tí ìjì náà kò tíì kọ ìfúnpá sílẹ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn ìjì náà, ó ṣeé ṣe kí Nora lágbára díẹ̀ ju bí a ti sọ lọ. <ref name="Intensity" /> Láti ìgbà náà, ìjì méjì mìíràn ti kọjá agbára Nora: Typhoon Tip ní ọdún 1979, àti Hurricane Patricia ní ọdún 2015. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url=free}}</ref>
Láìka bí ìjì náà ṣe le tó, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọra dẹ̀ bí ó ṣe ń sún mọ́ Philippines ní oṣù kẹwàá. 6. Láàárín mẹ́wàá awọn wakati, titẹ naa dide si 894 mb (hPa; 26.40 inHg) àti lẹ́yìn náà wọ́n ti fi sílẹ̀ lábẹ́ Ẹ̀ka Ipo 5. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Intensity">{{Cite journal|date=February 1975|title=An Extreme Sea-Level Pressure Report in a Tropical Cyclone|url=free}}</ref> Ni owuro ojo naa, Nora yi pada si ariwa-oorun ni idahun si irẹwẹsi ni oke kekere ti o wa ni isalẹ okun ati igbi omi kukuru ti n sunmọ lori [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] . <ref name="ATCR" /> Irẹwẹsi ti o duro ṣinṣin tẹsiwaju ni awọn ọjọ ti o tẹle, pẹlu iji ti o kọlu apa ariwa-oorun Luzon, Philippines, pẹlu afẹfẹ – . km/h (110 – 115 ní oṣù kẹwàá) 7. <ref name="ATCR" /> <ref name="Climo">{{Cite journal|date=February 1976|access-date=April 14, 2013|title=Climatological Data: National Summary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ihRAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Ikunra Nora ti pọ si ni ayika {{Convert|130|km/h|mph}}ní oṣù 8 bí ó ṣe ń tọ́pasẹ̀ láàrín Philippines àti [[Taiwan]] . <ref name="ATCR" /> Lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá láàrín 95 kìlómítà (60) (mi) ti Taiwan, Nora yipada si ariwa diẹ sii ṣaaju ki o to ṣubu ni nitosi Xiamen, Fujian gẹgẹbi iji lile ti o kere julọ ni ibẹrẹ Oṣu Kẹwa 10. Nígbà tí wọ́n dé etíkun, ìjì náà yára bàjẹ́ sí agbègbè tí ìfúnpá kò pọ̀ tó kí ó tó yọ́ ní ọjọ́ kejì. <ref name="ATCR" />
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
=== Philippines ===
==== Luzon ====
[[Fáìlì:Typhoon_Nora_GIBBS_IR.png|thumb|240x240px|Ìjì líle Nora sún mọ́ ibi tí agbára rẹ̀ pọ̀ sí.]]
Kí ìjì líle tó dé Philippines, gbogbo ọkọ̀ òfurufú tó ń wọlé àti tó ń jáde ní [[Manila]] ni wọ́n ti fagilé; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìrìnàjò kárí ayé kò ní ipa kankan lórí rẹ̀. Ọmọ [[Ajagun Ojúòfurufú Amẹ́ríkà|ogun òfurufú Amẹ́ríkà]] tún gbé àwọn ọkọ̀ òfurufú rẹ̀ láti Clark Air Base sí àwọn ibùdó mìíràn ní Asia. Ní àfikún, gbogbo ilé ìwé ní Manila ni wọ́n ti pa. Ṣíṣe àgbékalẹ̀ etíkun Luzon ní Philippines gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹ̀ka kan Ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó dọ́gba, Nora fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ ní agbègbè náà. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> A wọn afẹ́fẹ́ alágbára gíga káàkiri ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè Luzon ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n gíga tó ga jùlọ ti {{Convert|126|km/h|mph}} ní èbúté Manila. Àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ wọ̀nyí fa àdánù agbára àti ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ káàkiri Peninsula. <ref name="SPT1" /> Ìlú Baguio (ẹgbẹ̀rún ènìyàn 100,000) pàdánù agbára fún nǹkan bíi wákàtí mẹ́fà. <ref name="SJG1" /> Àdánù oko pọ̀ gan-an, pẹ̀lú ìjì náà tí ó sún mọ́ àkókò ìkórè. <ref name="SPT1" /> Òjò líle láti inú ìjì náà, tí ó ga jùlọ sí {{Convert|338|mm|in}} ní Baguio, <ref name="Climo" /> fa ìkún omi ńlá kan ó sì fa ìyapa ní Arnedo Dike ní Apalit, Pampanga . Àwọn ìlú mẹ́jọ ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ 45 kìlómítà (30) mi) ìsàlẹ̀ odò náà kún fún omi; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn ọ̀nà ṣì wà láìsí ìṣòro. Ìkún omi ní Manila tún fa kí àwọn ènìyàn 400 kúrò níbẹ̀. Àwọn olùgbé ibẹ̀. <ref name="SJG1" /> Ní Caloocan, ọmọdé kan kú lẹ́yìn tí iná mànàmáná pa á nípa lílo wáyà tí ó ti já lulẹ̀. <ref name="SPT1">{{Cite news|location=Manila, Philippines}}</ref> Ní gbogbo Philippines, 24 Àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n pa, ó sì ju 1 lọ mílíọ̀nù ènìyàn ló di aláìnílé. <ref name="LNS1">{{Cite news|location=Manila, Philippines}}</ref> Ìbàjẹ́ tó bá àwọn oko àti dúkìá dé US$ 2{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù (déédé $ 14.5{{Nbsp}}mílíọ̀nù ní 2025 ). <ref name="ATCR" />
=== Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ===
Nígbà tí ó ń kọjá ní gúúsù Taiwan, àwọn òkun líle tí ìjì líle náà dá sílẹ̀ ló fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ojú omi lórí Òkun Taiwan àti Òkun ''Gúúsù'' China . Wọ́n gba àwọn atukọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi là. Ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Baltic Klif'' ti ilẹ̀ Gíríìsì tó nǹkan bí àádọ́jọ [150] kìlómítà (90) mi) gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn ti Penghu Islands, pẹ̀lú àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi mẹ́ta tí a ti fìdí rẹ̀ múlẹ̀ pé wọ́n ti kú, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn mìíràn sì sọnù, tí a sì rò pé wọ́n ti kú. Ní àfikún, ọkọ̀ ojú omi ẹja Taiwan ''Jai Tai NR3'' di èyí tí ó dì mọ́ àárín {{Convert|9.1|m|ft}} òkun, pẹ̀lú ọfà rẹ̀ tí ó pín sí méjì. Ọ̀kan lára àwọn atukọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi náà kú; síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''USS Worden'' gba àwọn apẹja méje là láìka àwọn òkun tí ó léwu sí. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=September 25, 2018}}</ref> Bí ìjì náà ṣe ń sún mọ́ ilẹ̀ ní China, àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi méjì di èyí tí ó dì mọ́ Òkun Gúúsù China, wọ́n sì fi àmì ìdààmú ránṣẹ́. <ref name="DN1">{{Cite news|date=October 9, 1973|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=58lhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dH8DAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20nora&pg=3652%2C2079173}}</ref>
=== Taiwan ati China ===
Ṣíṣí láàrin 95 kìlómítà (60) (mi) ní Taiwan, ìjì náà mú afẹ́fẹ́ líle àti òjò ńlá wá sí erékùṣù náà. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle tó ga jùlọ ti {{Convert|126|km/h|mph}}Wọ́n wọn ní Tungchi, Erékùṣù Penghu. Àwọn ipa pàtàkì jùlọ wá láti inú òjò, èyí tí ó jẹ́ {{Convert|523|mm|in}} ní Sinkong fún wákàtí ogún. Ìkún omi tó gbòòrò àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilẹ̀ ilẹ̀ pa ó kéré tán ẹgbẹ̀rún kan (1,000) run Àwọn ilé, àti àwọn afárá, òpópónà, àti ojú irin tí ó ti bàjẹ́. <ref name="ATCR" /> Ènìyàn méjìlá ló pàdánù ẹ̀mí wọn, àwọn méjìdínlọ́gbọ̀n míràn sì sọnù. Ní àfikún, 8,000 Àwọn ènìyàn kò nílé. <ref name="ATCR" /> Ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], ìjì líle náà fa afẹ́fẹ́ líle, ó sì dé {{Convert|95|km/h|mph}}, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òjò kò rọ̀ rárá. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé Nora kọlu China gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle, kò sí ìròyìn kankan nípa ìbàjẹ́ tí a rí. <ref name="ATCR" />
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
== Àbájáde ==
Nora ni àkọ́kọ́ lára àwọn ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó kọlu Philippines láàárín ọ̀sẹ̀ kan, pẹ̀lú Patsy àti Ruth méjèèjì tó kọlu orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní oṣù kẹwàá. 12 àti 15 lẹ́sẹẹsẹ. <ref name="LNS1">{{Cite news|location=Manila, Philippines}}</ref> Èyí dí àwọn ìsapá ìgbàpadà lọ́wọ́ nítorí náà, pàápàá jùlọ pẹ̀lú Ruth, nítorí pé èyí tí ó kẹ́yìn yóò pa 27 míràn ní Luzon.
== Wo tun ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
* Àkókò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 1973
* Àkójọ àwọn ìjì líle tó le jùlọ ní ilẹ̀ olóoru
** Ìmọ̀ràn Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́
** Ìjì líle Ida (1958)
** Ìjì líle mìíràn tó lágbára gan-an tó sì gbóná janjan ní agbègbè kan náà tí Nora wà.
** Ìjì líle Doksuri (2023) - Ìjì líle kan tó jọ orin Nora
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{Reflist}}
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/en/typh/ Ile-iṣẹ Oju-ọjọ Japan]
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC Ile-iṣẹ Ikilọ Ajọṣepọ ti] Archived
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Ìjì líle Neoguri (2008)
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351097931|Typhoon Neoguri (2008)]]"
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'''Ìjì líle Neoguri''', [ nb 1 ] tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì líle Ambo''' ní Philippines, ni [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìjì líle tó kọ́kọ́ ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ilẹ̀ olóoru]] tó kọlù [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] láti ìgbà tí Ìjì líle Chanchu ti jà ní ọdún 2006. Ìjì àkọ́kọ́ tí a pe orúkọ rẹ̀ ní ìjì líle ní àsìkò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 2008, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti agbègbè ìfúnpá kékeré ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹrin sí ìlà-oòrùn erékùsù Mindanao ti [[Filipínì|Philippines]], lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá erékùsù náà, ó di ìjì líle ní Òkun Gúúsù China . Àwọn ipò àyíká mú kí ó lágbára kíákíá, pẹ̀lú Neoguri tí ó dé ipò ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin. Ìjì líle náà dé ibi gíga jùlọ ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin bí ó ti ń sún mọ́ erékùsù Hainan, lẹ́yìn náà ó yípadà sí àríwá. Nítorí ìfọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀ sí i àti omi tútù, Neoguri yára rẹ̀wẹ̀sì ó sì di ìjì líle díẹ̀ ní gúúsù China ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kẹrin.
Ní gúúsù Philippines, ìjì náà mú òjò ńlá wá, èyí tí ó sọ ẹnìkan nù nígbà tí ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan rì. Ìjì náà lọ sí 40 Àwọn apẹja tó sọnù ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà. Neoguri mú òjò ńlá rọ̀ bí ó ṣe dé ilẹ̀ China ní ìkẹyìn, èyí tó fa ìbàjẹ́ díẹ̀ tó lé ní ¥296 mílíọ̀nù (2008) [[Renminbi|RMB]], $42 mílíọ̀nù ọdún 2008 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ). Ikú mẹ́ta ló ṣẹlẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè China.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Neoguri 2008 track.png}}Agbègbè kan tí ìsopọ̀mọ́ra tí kò sí ní ìṣètò dúró ní ìlà-oòrùn sí àríwá ìlà-oòrùn [[Páláù|Palau]] ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹrin ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìgbì ìlà-oòrùn mímú, àti nínú ètò náà, agbègbè ìfúnpá kékeré kan hàn gbangba láàárín Palau àti Yap . Ní abẹ́ ìjì líle kan tí ń dàgbàsókè, pẹ̀lú ìgékúrú afẹ́fẹ́ díẹ̀ àti ìyàtọ̀ tí ó pọ̀ sí i, ètò náà rí àwọn ipò tí ó dára fún ìdàgbàsókè. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹrin, ìṣàn omi kékeré ti ṣẹ̀dá, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kó nǹkan bí 260 jọ. kìlómítà (160) mi) gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn Bislig ní erékùsù Mindanao ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Ní àkókò kan náà, àwọn òjò tí kò lágbára bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́ sí àárín gbùngbùn. Ní 1200 [[Ajọfọ̀nàkò Àsìkò Káríayé|UTC]] ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹrin, JMA kà á sí ibi tí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kò lágbára. Wọ́n dín ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ kù díẹ̀ bí ó ṣe ń kọjá erékùsù Mindanao àti Negros, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìṣàn omi náà ti ṣọ̀kan nígbà tí àwọn ẹ̀yà ìsopọ̀ convective pọ̀ sí i. Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) pín ètò náà sí Tropical Depression Ambo, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-10-04}}</ref> àti ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹrin ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún, Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) pín in sí Tropical Depression 02W nípa 300. kìlómítà (185) mi ariwa ti Zamboanga Peninsula ). Pẹlupẹlu, PAGASA kede "Ambo" ni 0300 UTC Kẹrin 14 lati wa laarin Dumaguete . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-02-09}}</ref>
Ìdààmú náà tẹ̀síwájú ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ní ẹ̀bá gúúsù òkè kékeré kan tó lágbára tó tàn ká láti gúúsù ìlà oòrùn Éṣíà sí àríwá Luzon . Lẹ́yìn tí ó wọ Òkun Sulu, ìfàsẹ́yìn àti ìṣàn omi náà tẹ̀síwájú láti dìpọ̀ mọ́ ara wọn, nígbà tí ìjì líle rẹ̀ tó ń jáde lókè pèsè ìṣàn omi tó dára. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣirò agbára sátẹ́láìtì nípa lílo ọ̀nà Dvorak, JTWC gbé ìdààmú náà ga sí Ìjì Tropical 02W ní ọ̀sán gangan ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹrin. Ní 0000 Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹrin, ilé iṣẹ́ JMA pín ètò náà sí ibi tí ìjì líle koko ti gbóná janjan, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> lẹ́yìn náà, ní wákàtí mẹ́fà, ilé iṣẹ́ náà gbé e kalẹ̀ sí Neoguri Tropical Storm Storm Storm lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá erékùsù Palawan sínú Òkun Gúúsù China . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, PAGASA fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn lórí ìjì líle náà bí ìjì náà ṣe kúrò ní agbègbè ìkìlọ̀ wọn. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-10-03}}</ref>
Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dé ipò ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, agbára ìfúnpọ̀ tó pọ̀ sí i dínkù nítorí ìbísí díẹ̀ nínú ìfọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ àti ìdíwọ́ fún ìjáde lọ. Dídínkù nínú agbára ìfúnpọ̀ náà jẹ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀, àti ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin, àjọ náà ti yára sunwọ̀n sí i. Nítorí náà, JMA gbé Neoguri ga sí ìjì líle kan. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> otútù omi gbígbóná mú kí ó túbọ̀ le sí i, ojú sì tàn kálẹ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn ... UTC ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin, JMA sọ Neoguri di ìjì líle tó tó nǹkan bí 350 kìlómítà (220) mi) ní ìlà-oòrùn Qui Nhon, [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> Ìjì líle kan tí ó súnmọ́ àárín ìpele yí ìjì líle náà padà sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, <ref name="prog11" /> èyí tí ó mú kí ìṣàn omi jáde pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì tún mú kí ó túbọ̀ lágbára sí i. Ní ìparí ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, JTWC ṣe àyẹ̀wò Neoguri gẹ́gẹ́ bí afẹ́fẹ́ líle ti 175 kìlómítà/h (110 mph), tí a ṣe àròpín rẹ̀ fún ìṣẹ́jú kan, nítòsí àwọn erékùsù Paracel . Ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì, JMA ṣe àròpín pé Neoguri dé ibi gíga jùlọ pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá tí ó dúró pẹ́ tó 150 kìlómítà/h (90) ní ìwọ̀n mph), ní nǹkan bí 190 kìlómítà (120) mi) ìlà-oòrùn Sanya ní ìpẹ̀kun gúúsù Hainan . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Neoguri_3D_TRMM_April_17_2008.jpg|thumb|TRMM 3D ti Typhoon Neoguri ni Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 17]]
Ìjì líle Neoguri ní ìyípo àyípadà ògiri ojú ní àkókò tí ó dé ibi gíga jùlọ; ògiri ojú inú wó lulẹ̀, ògiri ojú òde sì wó lulẹ̀ sí ìwọ̀n 65. kìlómítà (40) mi). Nígbà tí afẹ́fẹ́ líle dé, ìjì líle náà ti yí padà sí àríwá, <ref name="xinhua819">{{Cite web|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref> Meteorological Administration ṣe àyẹ̀wò Neoguri gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ń rìn lọ sí etíkun ní etíkun ní etíkun . Ìbáṣepọ̀ ilẹ̀ àti ìfọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ mú kí ìjì líle náà dínkù, àti ní April 19 ó ti di ìjì líle. Omi tútù mú kí ó túbọ̀ di aláìlera, ó sì mú kí ìfàsẹ́yìn rẹ̀ dínkù gidigidi àti kí ìṣàn rẹ̀ lè gùn. Lẹ́yìn tí ó yípadà sí àríwá-àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn, Neoguri wó lulẹ̀ sí agbègbè Guangdong ní gúúsù China, ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Màkáù|Macau]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle tí kò lágbára. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> Neoguri wó lulẹ̀ sí China ṣáájú ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ti kọ sílẹ̀, ní nǹkan bí ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì ṣáájú àkọsílẹ̀ tí Typhoon Wanda ti kọ sílẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ ní ọdún 1971. <ref>{{Cite news|archivedate=2008-04-20}}</ref> Kò pẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí ó ti lọ sí etíkun, JTWC ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ bí ìjì líle náà ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í túká .
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
[[Fáìlì:Ambo_2008_PSWS.png|left|thumb|Maapu PSWS ti Philippines nigba ti Neoguri (Ambo) ti kọja]]
Bí Ambo (Neoguri) ṣe ń kọjá ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá Visayas àti Mindanao, PAGASA ti fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àmì ìkìlọ̀ nípa ìjì líle fún àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí. Wọ́n ti fún àwọn ará gúúsù Negros, Siquijor àti Camiguin ní àmì ìjì líle náà ní àmì ìjì líle náà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-10-04}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n ti dín àmì ìjì yìí kù sí i títí tí ìjì náà fi dé Palawan àti Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-10-03}}</ref>
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru, Neoguri (Ambo) mú òjò líle wá sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], títí kan Metro Manila pàápàá. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref> Ní ìlú Cebu, òjò náà fa ìkún omi, èyí tí ó fipá mú kí 62 Àwọn ènìyàn láti sá kúrò nílé wọn. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jhunnex Napallacan|title=62 persons flee flooding in Cebu City village|access-date=2008-04-16|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20080414-130337/62-persons-flee-flooding-in-Cebu-City-village|archivedate=November 7, 2008}}</ref> Ní àwọn erékùsù Camotes, ìgbì omi líle bo ọkọ̀ ojú omi oníná kan pẹ̀lú àwọn èrò mẹ́fà; a gbà márùn-ún là, pẹ̀lú ìròyìn pé àwọn èkejì sọnù. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mars W. Mosqueda Jr.|title=1 crewman missing, 5 rescued as vessel sinks off Cebu|access-date=2008-04-16|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/PROV20080416122008.html|archivedate=May 23, 2024}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n ìjì náà dín ooru tí a ti ní lórí Luzon láti ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀ sẹ́yìn kù fún ọjọ́ díẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìjì náà kò dá Palarong Pambansa (Ere-ìdárayá Orílẹ̀-èdè ní Philippines) dúró tí a ṣe ní Puerto Princesa City ní Palawan, ọ̀kan lára àwọn agbègbè tí PAGASA sọ pé ojú ọjọ́ ń jà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref>
Ní ìmúrasílẹ̀ fún ìjì náà, nǹkan bí 21,800 Àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi apẹja ní ìpínlẹ̀ Hainan ti orílẹ̀-èdè China padà sí èbúté, <ref>{{Cite news|title=South China braces for typhoon Neoguri|access-date=2008-04-17|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/17/content_7996977.htm|archivedate=2008-04-24}}</ref> àti nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́fà [120,000] Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n kó kúrò ní oko ẹja àti àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ ní erékùsù náà. Àwọn aláṣẹ dá iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi dúró láàárín Hainan àti Leizhou Peninsula ní ìpínlẹ̀ Guangdong . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-04-22}}</ref> Ní etíkun, 56 Àwọn apẹja gùn ẹṣin náà nígbà tí wọ́n ń jà ní ibi ààbò kan ní erékùsù Paracel ; 38 Àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n gbà là nígbà tí ìjì náà ti jà, àti ní àkọ́kọ́, àwọn ènìyàn méjìdínlógún ni wọ́n sọnù. <ref name="sd420" /> Àwọn apẹja méjìdínlógún tí wọ́n sọnù ni wọ́n rí ní ọgbọ̀n wákàtí lẹ́yìn tí Neoguri kọlu. Ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí wọ́n wà nínú rẹ̀ ti rì, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ náà sì di mọ́ àwọn èérún tí wọ́n sì ṣe àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi láti yè nínú omi. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn apẹja ará China méjìdínlógún mìíràn àti àwọn apẹja ará Vietnam méjìlélógún mìíràn ṣì sọnù. <ref>{{Cite news|title=18 Chinese fishermen rescued after sheltering in sea beacon from Typhoon Neoguri for nearly 30 hours|access-date=2008-04-23|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/22/content_8024447.htm|archivedate=2008-04-23}}</ref> Ní erékùṣù Hainan, ìjì náà fi ìlú Wenchang sílẹ̀ láìsí agbára. <ref name="sd420">{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-09-27}}</ref>
Ní agbègbè ilẹ̀ òkèèrè, wọ́n dá iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi dúró fún ìgbà díẹ̀ láàárín [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] àti [[Màkáù|Macau]] . Ní Pápá Òfurufú Àgbáyé ti Hong Kong, ó lé ní ọkọ̀ òfurufú 200 tí wọ́n dá dúró nítorí ewu ìjì náà; pẹ̀lúpẹ̀lú, wọ́n fagilé nǹkan bí ọgbọ̀n, wọ́n sì yà kúrò ní ibòmíràn. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-24}}</ref> Ilé Iṣẹ́ Observatory ti Hong Kong gbé àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìdúró sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, èyí tí ó jẹ́ àmì ìdúró kejì tí ó pẹ́ jùlọ tí a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Typhoon Neoguri unlikely to put dampener on trial|access-date=2008-04-19|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=64634&sid=18554788&con_type=1|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kan lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n gbé àmì afẹ́fẹ́ líle No. 3 jáde, èyí tí ó pẹ́ jùlọ tí a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Typhoon Neoguri hits land again in south China|access-date=2008-04-19|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/19/content_8008699.htm|archivedate=2008-04-23}}</ref> Bí ó ṣe ń lọ sí etíkun, ìjì náà mú òjò ńlá rọ̀, pẹ̀lú ibùdó kan tí ó ròyìn 237 mm (9.35) ní) ní ọjọ́ kan. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle kọlu igi agbon àti ọ̀gẹ̀dẹ̀, pẹ̀lú ìbàjẹ́ àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó lé ní ¥200 mílíọ̀nù (2008) [[Renminbi|RMB]], $28 mílíọ̀nù ọdún 2008 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-10-16}}</ref> Ìbàjẹ́ ilé jẹ́ ¥96 mílíọ̀nù (2008) RMB, $14 mílíọ̀nù ọdún 2008 USD). A ti fi idi iku mẹta mulẹ ni Ilu China, meji nitori opopona kan ti o bo ninu sisan ẹrẹ̀, ati omiran nitori afẹfẹ ti n fẹ awo aluminiomu kan sinu eniyan kan, ti o si ju wọn silẹ lati ori oke papa ere idaraya kan. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-04-21}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Neoguri
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Ambo
* Àkókò àkókò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 2008
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}}{{2008 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0801.pdf Àkọsílẹ̀ orin tó dára jùlọ] tí JMA ṣe nípa ìjì líle Neoguri (0801) (in Japanese)
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0801.png Dáta Àkójọpọ̀ Orin Tí Ó Dáa JMA RSMC (Àwòrán)] lórí Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Neoguri (0801)
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Dáta Orin Tó Dáa JMA ti RSMC (Ìkọ̀wé)]
* Archived [http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bwp/bwp022008.txt Ìròyìn Tó] Dáa JTWC lórí ìjì líle 02W (Neoguri)
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'''Ìjì líle Neoguri''', [ nb 1 ] tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì líle Ambo''' ní Philippines, ni [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìjì líle tó kọ́kọ́ ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ilẹ̀ olóoru]] tó kọlù [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]] láti ìgbà tí Ìjì líle Chanchu ti jà ní ọdún 2006. Ìjì àkọ́kọ́ tí a pe orúkọ rẹ̀ ní ìjì líle ní àsìkò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 2008, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti agbègbè ìfúnpá kékeré ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹrin sí ìlà-oòrùn erékùsù Mindanao ti [[Filipínì|Philippines]], lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá erékùsù náà, ó di ìjì líle ní Òkun Gúúsù China . Àwọn ipò àyíká mú kí ó lágbára kíákíá, pẹ̀lú Neoguri tí ó dé ipò ìjì líle ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin. Ìjì líle náà dé ibi gíga jùlọ ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin bí ó ti ń sún mọ́ erékùsù Hainan, lẹ́yìn náà ó yípadà sí àríwá. Nítorí ìfọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀ sí i àti omi tútù, Neoguri yára rẹ̀wẹ̀sì ó sì di ìjì líle díẹ̀ ní gúúsù China ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlógún oṣù kẹrin.
Ní gúúsù Philippines, ìjì náà mú òjò ńlá wá, èyí tí ó sọ ẹnìkan nù nígbà tí ọkọ̀ ojú omi kan rì. Ìjì náà lọ sí 40 Àwọn apẹja tó sọnù ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà. Neoguri mú òjò ńlá rọ̀ bí ó ṣe dé ilẹ̀ China ní ìkẹyìn, èyí tó fa ìbàjẹ́ díẹ̀ tó lé ní ¥296 mílíọ̀nù (2008) [[Renminbi|RMB]], $42 mílíọ̀nù ọdún 2008 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ). Ikú mẹ́ta ló ṣẹlẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè China.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Neoguri 2008 track.png}}Agbègbè kan tí ìsopọ̀mọ́ra tí kò sí ní ìṣètò dúró ní ìlà-oòrùn sí àríwá ìlà-oòrùn [[Páláù|Palau]] ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kẹrin ní ìsopọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìgbì ìlà-oòrùn mímú, àti nínú ètò náà, agbègbè ìfúnpá kékeré kan hàn gbangba láàárín Palau àti Yap . Ní abẹ́ ìjì líle kan tí ń dàgbàsókè, pẹ̀lú ìgékúrú afẹ́fẹ́ díẹ̀ àti ìyàtọ̀ tí ó pọ̀ sí i, ètò náà rí àwọn ipò tí ó dára fún ìdàgbàsókè. Ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹrin, ìṣàn omi kékeré ti ṣẹ̀dá, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kó nǹkan bí 260 jọ. kìlómítà (160) mi) gúúsù ìlà-oòrùn Bislig ní erékùsù Mindanao ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Ní àkókò kan náà, àwọn òjò tí kò lágbára bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í wọ́ sí àárín gbùngbùn. Ní 1200 [[Ajọfọ̀nàkò Àsìkò Káríayé|UTC]] ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlá oṣù kẹrin, JMA kà á sí ibi tí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kò lágbára. Wọ́n dín ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ kù díẹ̀ bí ó ṣe ń kọjá erékùsù Mindanao àti Negros, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìṣàn omi náà ti ṣọ̀kan nígbà tí àwọn ẹ̀yà ìsopọ̀ convective pọ̀ sí i. Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) pín ètò náà sí Tropical Depression Ambo, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-10-04}}</ref> àti ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹrin ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún, Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) pín in sí Tropical Depression 02W nípa 300. kìlómítà (185) mi ariwa ti Zamboanga Peninsula ). Pẹlupẹlu, PAGASA kede "Ambo" ni 0300 UTC Kẹrin 14 lati wa laarin Dumaguete . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-02-09}}</ref>
Ìdààmú náà tẹ̀síwájú ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ní ẹ̀bá gúúsù òkè kékeré kan tó lágbára tó tàn ká láti gúúsù ìlà oòrùn Éṣíà sí àríwá Luzon . Lẹ́yìn tí ó wọ Òkun Sulu, ìfàsẹ́yìn àti ìṣàn omi náà tẹ̀síwájú láti dìpọ̀ mọ́ ara wọn, nígbà tí ìjì líle rẹ̀ tó ń jáde lókè pèsè ìṣàn omi tó dára. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìṣirò agbára sátẹ́láìtì nípa lílo ọ̀nà Dvorak, JTWC gbé ìdààmú náà ga sí Ìjì Tropical 02W ní ọ̀sán gangan ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹrin. Ní 0000 Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹrin, ilé iṣẹ́ JMA pín ètò náà sí ibi tí ìjì líle koko ti gbóná janjan, <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> lẹ́yìn náà, ní wákàtí mẹ́fà, ilé iṣẹ́ náà gbé e kalẹ̀ sí Neoguri Tropical Storm Storm Storm lẹ́yìn tí ó kọjá erékùsù Palawan sínú Òkun Gúúsù China . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> Láìpẹ́ lẹ́yìn náà, PAGASA fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn ìkẹyìn lórí ìjì líle náà bí ìjì náà ṣe kúrò ní agbègbè ìkìlọ̀ wọn. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-10-03}}</ref>
Lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n dé ipò ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, agbára ìfúnpọ̀ tó pọ̀ sí i dínkù nítorí ìbísí díẹ̀ nínú ìfọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ àti ìdíwọ́ fún ìjáde lọ. Dídínkù nínú agbára ìfúnpọ̀ náà jẹ́ fún ìgbà díẹ̀, àti ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin, àjọ náà ti yára sunwọ̀n sí i. Nítorí náà, JMA gbé Neoguri ga sí ìjì líle kan. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> otútù omi gbígbóná mú kí ó túbọ̀ le sí i, ojú sì tàn kálẹ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn ... UTC ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹrin, JMA sọ Neoguri di ìjì líle tó tó nǹkan bí 350 kìlómítà (220) mi) ní ìlà-oòrùn Qui Nhon, [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> Ìjì líle kan tí ó súnmọ́ àárín ìpele yí ìjì líle náà padà sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, <ref name="prog11" /> èyí tí ó mú kí ìṣàn omi jáde pọ̀ sí i, tí ó sì tún mú kí ó túbọ̀ lágbára sí i. Ní ìparí ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, JTWC ṣe àyẹ̀wò Neoguri gẹ́gẹ́ bí afẹ́fẹ́ líle ti 175 kìlómítà/h (110 mph), tí a ṣe àròpín rẹ̀ fún ìṣẹ́jú kan, nítòsí àwọn erékùsù Paracel . Ní kùtùkùtù ọjọ́ kejì, JMA ṣe àròpín pé Neoguri dé ibi gíga jùlọ pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá tí ó dúró pẹ́ tó 150 kìlómítà/h (90) ní ìwọ̀n mph), ní nǹkan bí 190 kìlómítà (120) mi) ìlà-oòrùn Sanya ní ìpẹ̀kun gúúsù Hainan . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref>
[[Fáìlì:Neoguri_3D_TRMM_April_17_2008.jpg|thumb|TRMM 3D ti Typhoon Neoguri ni Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 17]]
Ìjì líle Neoguri ní ìyípo àyípadà ògiri ojú ní àkókò tí ó dé ibi gíga jùlọ; ògiri ojú inú wó lulẹ̀, ògiri ojú òde sì wó lulẹ̀ sí ìwọ̀n 65. kìlómítà (40) mi). Nígbà tí afẹ́fẹ́ líle dé, ìjì líle náà ti yí padà sí àríwá, <ref name="xinhua819">{{Cite web|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref> Meteorological Administration ṣe àyẹ̀wò Neoguri gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí ń rìn lọ sí etíkun ní etíkun ní etíkun . Ìbáṣepọ̀ ilẹ̀ àti ìfọ́ afẹ́fẹ́ mú kí ìjì líle náà dínkù, àti ní April 19 ó ti di ìjì líle. Omi tútù mú kí ó túbọ̀ di aláìlera, ó sì mú kí ìfàsẹ́yìn rẹ̀ dínkù gidigidi àti kí ìṣàn rẹ̀ lè gùn. Lẹ́yìn tí ó yípadà sí àríwá-àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn, Neoguri wó lulẹ̀ sí agbègbè Guangdong ní gúúsù China, ní ìwọ̀-oòrùn [[Màkáù|Macau]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle tí kò lágbára. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-05-17}}</ref> Neoguri wó lulẹ̀ sí China ṣáájú ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ti kọ sílẹ̀, ní nǹkan bí ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì ṣáájú àkọsílẹ̀ tí Typhoon Wanda ti kọ sílẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ ní ọdún 1971. <ref>{{Cite news|archivedate=2008-04-20}}</ref> Kò pẹ́ lẹ́yìn tí ó ti lọ sí etíkun, JTWC ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìkẹyìn rẹ̀ bí ìjì líle náà ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í túká .
== Àwọn ìṣètò àti ipa rẹ̀ ==
[[Fáìlì:Ambo_2008_PSWS.png|left|thumb|Maapu PSWS ti Philippines nigba ti Neoguri (Ambo) ti kọja]]
Bí Ambo (Neoguri) ṣe ń kọjá ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá Visayas àti Mindanao, PAGASA ti fún àwọn ènìyàn ní àmì ìkìlọ̀ nípa ìjì líle fún àwọn agbègbè wọ̀nyí. Wọ́n ti fún àwọn ará gúúsù Negros, Siquijor àti Camiguin ní àmì ìjì líle náà ní àmì ìjì líle náà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2018-10-04}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n ti dín àmì ìjì yìí kù sí i títí tí ìjì náà fi dé Palawan àti Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-10-03}}</ref>
Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru, Neoguri (Ambo) mú òjò líle wá sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ apá ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]], títí kan Metro Manila pàápàá. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref> Ní ìlú Cebu, òjò náà fa ìkún omi, èyí tí ó fipá mú kí 62 Àwọn ènìyàn láti sá kúrò nílé wọn. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jhunnex Napallacan|title=62 persons flee flooding in Cebu City village|access-date=2008-04-16|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20080414-130337/62-persons-flee-flooding-in-Cebu-City-village|archivedate=November 7, 2008}}</ref> Ní àwọn erékùsù Camotes, ìgbì omi líle bo ọkọ̀ ojú omi oníná kan pẹ̀lú àwọn èrò mẹ́fà; a gbà márùn-ún là, pẹ̀lú ìròyìn pé àwọn èkejì sọnù. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Mars W. Mosqueda Jr.|title=1 crewman missing, 5 rescued as vessel sinks off Cebu|access-date=2008-04-16|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/PROV20080416122008.html|archivedate=May 23, 2024}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n ìjì náà dín ooru tí a ti ní lórí Luzon láti ọ̀sẹ̀ díẹ̀ sẹ́yìn kù fún ọjọ́ díẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref> Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ìjì náà kò dá Palarong Pambansa (Ere-ìdárayá Orílẹ̀-èdè ní Philippines) dúró tí a ṣe ní Puerto Princesa City ní Palawan, ọ̀kan lára àwọn agbègbè tí PAGASA sọ pé ojú ọjọ́ ń jà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref>
Ní ìmúrasílẹ̀ fún ìjì náà, nǹkan bí 21,800 Àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi apẹja ní ìpínlẹ̀ Hainan ti orílẹ̀-èdè China padà sí èbúté, <ref>{{Cite news|title=South China braces for typhoon Neoguri|access-date=2008-04-17|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/17/content_7996977.htm|archivedate=2008-04-24}}</ref> àti nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún lọ́nà ọgọ́fà [120,000] Àwọn ènìyàn tí wọ́n kó kúrò ní oko ẹja àti àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀ ní erékùsù náà. Àwọn aláṣẹ dá iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi dúró láàárín Hainan àti Leizhou Peninsula ní ìpínlẹ̀ Guangdong . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-04-22}}</ref> Ní etíkun, 56 Àwọn apẹja gùn ẹṣin náà nígbà tí wọ́n ń jà ní ibi ààbò kan ní erékùsù Paracel ; 38 Àwọn ènìyàn ni wọ́n gbà là nígbà tí ìjì náà ti jà, àti ní àkọ́kọ́, àwọn ènìyàn méjìdínlógún ni wọ́n sọnù. <ref name="sd420" /> Àwọn apẹja méjìdínlógún tí wọ́n sọnù ni wọ́n rí ní ọgbọ̀n wákàtí lẹ́yìn tí Neoguri kọlu. Ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí wọ́n wà nínú rẹ̀ ti rì, àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ náà sì di mọ́ àwọn èérún tí wọ́n sì ṣe àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi láti yè nínú omi. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, àwọn apẹja ará China méjìdínlógún mìíràn àti àwọn apẹja ará Vietnam méjìlélógún mìíràn ṣì sọnù. <ref>{{Cite news|title=18 Chinese fishermen rescued after sheltering in sea beacon from Typhoon Neoguri for nearly 30 hours|access-date=2008-04-23|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/22/content_8024447.htm|archivedate=2008-04-23}}</ref> Ní erékùṣù Hainan, ìjì náà fi ìlú Wenchang sílẹ̀ láìsí agbára. <ref name="sd420">{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-09-27}}</ref>
Ní agbègbè ilẹ̀ òkèèrè, wọ́n dá iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi dúró fún ìgbà díẹ̀ láàárín [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] àti [[Màkáù|Macau]] . Ní Pápá Òfurufú Àgbáyé ti Hong Kong, ó lé ní ọkọ̀ òfurufú 200 tí wọ́n dá dúró nítorí ewu ìjì náà; pẹ̀lúpẹ̀lú, wọ́n fagilé nǹkan bí ọgbọ̀n, wọ́n sì yà kúrò ní ibòmíràn. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2011-05-24}}</ref> Ilé Iṣẹ́ Observatory ti Hong Kong gbé àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìdúró sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, èyí tí ó jẹ́ àmì ìdúró kejì tí ó pẹ́ jùlọ tí a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Typhoon Neoguri unlikely to put dampener on trial|access-date=2008-04-19|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=64634&sid=18554788&con_type=1|archivedate=2011-05-22}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kan lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n gbé àmì afẹ́fẹ́ líle No. 3 jáde, èyí tí ó pẹ́ jùlọ tí a kọ sílẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Typhoon Neoguri hits land again in south China|access-date=2008-04-19|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/19/content_8008699.htm|archivedate=2008-04-23}}</ref> Bí ó ṣe ń lọ sí etíkun, ìjì náà mú òjò ńlá rọ̀, pẹ̀lú ibùdó kan tí ó ròyìn 237 mm (9.35) ní) ní ọjọ́ kan. Afẹ́fẹ́ líle kọlu igi agbon àti ọ̀gẹ̀dẹ̀, pẹ̀lú ìbàjẹ́ àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ tó lé ní ¥200 mílíọ̀nù (2008) [[Renminbi|RMB]], $28 mílíọ̀nù ọdún 2008 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ). <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-10-16}}</ref> Ìbàjẹ́ ilé jẹ́ ¥96 mílíọ̀nù (2008) RMB, $14 mílíọ̀nù ọdún 2008 USD). A ti fi idi iku mẹta mulẹ ni Ilu China, meji nitori opopona kan ti o bo ninu sisan ẹrẹ̀, ati omiran nitori afẹfẹ ti n fẹ awo aluminiomu kan sinu eniyan kan, ti o si ju wọn silẹ lati ori oke papa ere idaraya kan. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-04-21}}</ref>
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Neoguri
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Ambo
* Àkókò àkókò ìjì líle Pacific ti ọdún 2008
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}}{{2008 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0801.pdf Àkọsílẹ̀ orin tó dára jùlọ] tí JMA ṣe nípa ìjì líle Neoguri (0801) (in Japanese)
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0801.png Dáta Àkójọpọ̀ Orin Tí Ó Dáa JMA RSMC (Àwòrán)] lórí Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Neoguri (0801)
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Dáta Orin Tó Dáa JMA ti RSMC (Ìkọ̀wé)]
* Archived [http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bwp/bwp022008.txt Ìròyìn Tó] Dáa JTWC lórí ìjì líle 02W (Neoguri)
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Ìjì líle Higos (2008)
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351107844|Tropical Storm Higos (2008)]]"
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== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Higos 2008 track.png}}Ní agogo 18:00 UTC ní oṣù kẹsàn-án Ní ọjọ́ 28, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) ṣe àyẹ̀wò ìṣẹ̀dá [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru]] kan nítòsí [[Páláù|Palau]] . <ref name="JMA_BT">{{Cite web|location=Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> Ní agogo 06:00 UTC ní ọjọ́ kejì, Joint Typhoon Ikilọ Center (JTWC) ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá ìjì Tropical Cyclone lórí ìdààmú ìtọ́pinpin ìwọ̀ oòrùn, tí wọ́n pè é ní ''Tropical Depression 21W'' . Nígbà tí ìdàgbàsókè bá ti wáyé, ìjì náà fi àmì ìdàgbàsókè ìṣètò hàn. Ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá a lọ bí ìjì náà ṣe ń sún mọ́ [[Filipínì|Philippines]] ní alẹ́ oṣù kẹwàá, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ àti ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn erékùṣù náà dínkù. Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án Ní ọjọ́ 29, ìjì náà wọ agbègbè ìṣàkóso Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ẹni tí ó sọ ètò náà ní ''Pablo'' ní agbègbè náà. Ìjì líle náà tàn ká ìlà oòrùn Samar ó sì tọ́pasẹ̀ rẹ̀ sí gúúsù Luzon —pẹ̀lú JMA tí ó ṣàkíyèsí ìyípadà díẹ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀—ní oṣù kẹsàn-án. 30, tí a fi orí òkè kékeré kan tí ó wà nítòsí darí rẹ̀. <ref name="JMA_BT" /> Bí ìjì náà ṣe ń lọ káàkiri Philippines, àárín gbùngbùn ìṣàn omi rẹ̀ di gígùn ó sì ṣòro láti rí, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìṣiṣẹ́ ìṣàn omi jíjìn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí àárín gbùngbùn náà bí ìjì náà ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yára wọ inú Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ní Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 1. JMA gbé ìjì líle náà sókè sí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru tí ó kéré jùlọ ní oṣù kẹwàá 2 pẹ̀lú àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó dúró ṣinṣin ti 40 mph (65 km/h) km/h) àti ìwọ̀n titẹ tó kéré jù ti 996 mbar (hPa; 29.47 inHg); Higos kò ní lágbára sí i ní gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà. <ref name="JMA_BT" /> Pẹ̀lú àtúnṣe náà, a pe ètò náà ní ''Higos'' . Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, JTWC ṣe àkíyèsí pé ètò náà ti di aláìṣètò ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú àìsí ìṣọ̀kan tí a ṣàkíyèsí nínú àwòrán satẹ́lì onímáíkrówéfù . Higos kò sí ní ìtumọ̀ tó dára ní ọjọ́ kejì, nítorí náà JMA sọ ọ́ di ibi tí ó kún fún ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru. <ref name="JMA_BT" /> Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 4, eto ailera naa kọja ila-oorun Hainan o si lọra pupọ, pẹlu ibaraenisepo ilẹ ati gige afẹfẹ ti o ṣẹda awọn ipo ayika ti ko dara fun Higos. Higos gùn si ariwa ila-oorun si oluile China gẹgẹbi agbegbe ti o ni idaamu oorun olooru o si parẹ ni kutukutu Oṣu Kẹwa. 6. <ref name="JMA_BT" />
== Àwọn ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ==
Ṣáájú àkókò yìí, wọ́n dá iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi dúró lórí ọ̀nà Qiongzhou ní gúúsù China. Nítorí pé wọ́n gbára lé ọkọ̀ ojú omi náà gidigidi, gbogbo àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú irin arìnrìn-àjò náà ni wọ́n tún dá dúró fún ìgbà díẹ̀. Àwọn aláṣẹ ní pápákọ̀ òfurufú méjì ní agbègbè Hainan: Pápá Òfurufú Meilan ní Haikou, olú ìlú ìpínlẹ̀ náà, àti Pápá Òfurufú Fenghuang (Phoenix) ní Sanya, ibi ìsinmi etíkun kan ní ìpẹ̀kun gúúsù erékùsù náà, ṣe àṣeyọrí láti mú kí àwọn tí ń dé àti àwọn tí ń lọ sí pápákọ̀ òfurufú wọn máa lọ.
=== Àwọn ìkìlọ̀ ===
==== Philippines ====
[[Fáìlì:PabloPSWS.png|thumb|Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì tó ga jùlọ tí gbogbo ènìyàn gbé sókè ní gbogbo Philippines bí Pablo ṣe ń kọjá orílẹ̀-èdè náà]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Àmì Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Gbangba Gíga Jùlọ
! Nọ́mbà Àmì
! Luzon
! Visayas
! Mindanao
|-
! scope="row" | PSWS #2
| Metro Manila, Rizal, Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Polilio Is., Marinduque, Northern Mindoro Oriental, Masbate, Camarines Provinces, Albay, Sorsogon, Catanduanes
| Biliran, Samar Provinces, Leyte
| Kò sí
|-
! scope="row" | PSWS #1
| Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Aurora, Bulacan, Bataan, Zambales, Pampanga, Tarlac, Lubang Is. Iyokù ti Mindoro Oriental, Mindoro Occidental, Romblon
| Aklan, Capiz, Northern Iloilo, Northern Negros Occidental, Northern Cebu. Southern Leyte
| Erekusu Dinagat, Surigao del Norte, Siargao Is.
|}
==== Ṣáínà ====
Orílẹ̀-èdè China ti kéde ìkìlọ̀ aláwọ̀ osan fún Higos àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Ìkún Omi àti Ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ọ̀dá ti Ìpínlẹ̀ náà mú kí ìdáhùn pajawiri ìpele kẹta wáyé ní ọjọ́ Ẹtì láti dènà ìkún omi, nígbà tí wọ́n gbé àmì ìdádúró Nọ́mbà 1 jáde ní agogo 7:30 ìrọ̀lẹ́ ní ọjọ́ Kejì oṣù Kẹwàá nígbà tí Higos jẹ́ nǹkan bí 700 km sí gúúsù [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] . Gbogbo àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ni a fagilé ní agogo 10:30 ìrọ̀lẹ́ ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹwàá bí Higos ṣe wó lulẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Guangdong tí ó sì rẹ̀wẹ̀sì. <ref name="hko.gov.hk">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-11-10}}</ref>
== Ipa ==
Ní Hong Kong, dígí kan jábọ́ láti ibi ìtajà kan ní Tsim Sha Tsui nígbà tí Strong Monsoon Signal wà níṣẹ́. Ọkọ̀ méjì bàjẹ́, ẹnìkan sì farapa díẹ̀ nígbà ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà. Yàtọ̀ sí èyí, wọ́n ròyìn pé wọ́n ti tú àga ìjókòó kan sílẹ̀ ní Kowloon Bay. <ref name="hko.gov.hk" /> Higos caused $6.5 million in damage to the province of Xinhua , ṣùgbọ́n òjò líle koko rẹ̀ lè ti dá òjò tó ṣeé ṣe kí ó má bẹ̀rẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìròyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ Yahoo News, Higos pa àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ológun mẹ́rin ti Ẹ̀ka Omi ti Central Intelligence Agency tí wọ́n wà ní iṣẹ́ láti gbé àwọn ohun èlò ìṣọ́ sí erékùsù kékeré kan ní Luzon Strait .
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Higos
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Pablo
* Ìjì líle Mujigae
* Ìjì líle Rumbia (2013)
* Ìjì líle Sarika
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Tropical Storm Higos (2008)}}{{2008 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/200817.html.en Ìròyìn Gbogbogbò JMA] nípa Ìjì Oòrùn Gíga (0817) láti ọwọ́ Ìjì Oòrùn Díjítàlì
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0817.pdf Àkójọ orin JMA tó dára jùlọ] nípa ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru (0817) (in Japanese)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829033548/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bwp/bwp212008.txt JTWC Àkójọpọ̀ Àkójọpọ̀ Tó Dáa JTWC] ti Ìjì Oòrùn Tropical 21W (Higos)
* [https://archive.today/20140806081948/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc08/WPAC/21W.HIGOS/ 21W.HIGOS] láti ilé ìwádìí ojú omi ti Amẹ́ríkà
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== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Higos 2008 track.png}}Ní agogo 18:00 UTC ní oṣù kẹsàn-án Ní ọjọ́ 28, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) ṣe àyẹ̀wò ìṣẹ̀dá [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru]] kan nítòsí [[Páláù|Palau]] . <ref name="JMA_BT">{{Cite web|location=Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> Ní agogo 06:00 UTC ní ọjọ́ kejì, Joint Typhoon Ikilọ Center (JTWC) ṣe ìkìlọ̀ ìṣẹ̀dá ìjì Tropical Cyclone lórí ìdààmú ìtọ́pinpin ìwọ̀ oòrùn, tí wọ́n pè é ní ''Tropical Depression 21W'' . Nígbà tí ìdàgbàsókè bá ti wáyé, ìjì náà fi àmì ìdàgbàsókè ìṣètò hàn. Ìṣọ̀kan náà ń bá a lọ bí ìjì náà ṣe ń sún mọ́ [[Filipínì|Philippines]] ní alẹ́ oṣù kẹwàá, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ àti ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn erékùṣù náà dínkù. Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án Ní ọjọ́ 29, ìjì náà wọ agbègbè ìṣàkóso Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ẹni tí ó sọ ètò náà ní ''Pablo'' ní agbègbè náà. Ìjì líle náà tàn ká ìlà oòrùn Samar ó sì tọ́pasẹ̀ rẹ̀ sí gúúsù Luzon —pẹ̀lú JMA tí ó ṣàkíyèsí ìyípadà díẹ̀ nínú agbára rẹ̀—ní oṣù kẹsàn-án. 30, tí a fi orí òkè kékeré kan tí ó wà nítòsí darí rẹ̀. <ref name="JMA_BT" /> Bí ìjì náà ṣe ń lọ káàkiri Philippines, àárín gbùngbùn ìṣàn omi rẹ̀ di gígùn ó sì ṣòro láti rí, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìṣiṣẹ́ ìṣàn omi jíjìn bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í lọ sí àárín gbùngbùn náà bí ìjì náà ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yára wọ inú Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ní Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 1. JMA gbé ìjì líle náà sókè sí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru tí ó kéré jùlọ ní oṣù kẹwàá 2 pẹ̀lú àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó dúró ṣinṣin ti 40 mph (65 km/h) km/h) àti ìwọ̀n titẹ tó kéré jù ti 996 mbar (hPa; 29.47 inHg); Higos kò ní lágbára sí i ní gbogbo ìdàgbàsókè rẹ̀ ní Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà. <ref name="JMA_BT" /> Pẹ̀lú àtúnṣe náà, a pe ètò náà ní ''Higos'' . Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, JTWC ṣe àkíyèsí pé ètò náà ti di aláìṣètò ní àkókò kan náà pẹ̀lú àìsí ìṣọ̀kan tí a ṣàkíyèsí nínú àwòrán satẹ́lì onímáíkrówéfù . Higos kò sí ní ìtumọ̀ tó dára ní ọjọ́ kejì, nítorí náà JMA sọ ọ́ di ibi tí ó kún fún ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru. <ref name="JMA_BT" /> Ní Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 4, eto ailera naa kọja ila-oorun Hainan o si lọra pupọ, pẹlu ibaraenisepo ilẹ ati gige afẹfẹ ti o ṣẹda awọn ipo ayika ti ko dara fun Higos. Higos gùn si ariwa ila-oorun si oluile China gẹgẹbi agbegbe ti o ni idaamu oorun olooru o si parẹ ni kutukutu Oṣu Kẹwa. 6. <ref name="JMA_BT" />
== Àwọn ìpalẹ̀mọ́ ==
Ṣáájú àkókò yìí, wọ́n dá iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi dúró lórí ọ̀nà Qiongzhou ní gúúsù China. Nítorí pé wọ́n gbára lé ọkọ̀ ojú omi náà gidigidi, gbogbo àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú irin arìnrìn-àjò náà ni wọ́n tún dá dúró fún ìgbà díẹ̀. Àwọn aláṣẹ ní pápákọ̀ òfurufú méjì ní agbègbè Hainan: Pápá Òfurufú Meilan ní Haikou, olú ìlú ìpínlẹ̀ náà, àti Pápá Òfurufú Fenghuang (Phoenix) ní Sanya, ibi ìsinmi etíkun kan ní ìpẹ̀kun gúúsù erékùsù náà, ṣe àṣeyọrí láti mú kí àwọn tí ń dé àti àwọn tí ń lọ sí pápákọ̀ òfurufú wọn máa lọ.
=== Àwọn ìkìlọ̀ ===
==== Philippines ====
[[Fáìlì:PabloPSWS.png|thumb|Àwọn àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì tó ga jùlọ tí gbogbo ènìyàn gbé sókè ní gbogbo Philippines bí Pablo ṣe ń kọjá orílẹ̀-èdè náà]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Àmì Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Gbangba Gíga Jùlọ
! Nọ́mbà Àmì
! Luzon
! Visayas
! Mindanao
|-
! scope="row" | PSWS #2
| Metro Manila, Rizal, Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Polilio Is., Marinduque, Northern Mindoro Oriental, Masbate, Camarines Provinces, Albay, Sorsogon, Catanduanes
| Biliran, Samar Provinces, Leyte
| Kò sí
|-
! scope="row" | PSWS #1
| Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Aurora, Bulacan, Bataan, Zambales, Pampanga, Tarlac, Lubang Is. Iyokù ti Mindoro Oriental, Mindoro Occidental, Romblon
| Aklan, Capiz, Northern Iloilo, Northern Negros Occidental, Northern Cebu. Southern Leyte
| Erekusu Dinagat, Surigao del Norte, Siargao Is.
|}
==== Ṣáínà ====
Orílẹ̀-èdè China ti kéde ìkìlọ̀ aláwọ̀ osan fún Higos àti Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìṣàkóso Ìkún Omi àti Ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ọ̀dá ti Ìpínlẹ̀ náà mú kí ìdáhùn pajawiri ìpele kẹta wáyé ní ọjọ́ Ẹtì láti dènà ìkún omi, nígbà tí wọ́n gbé àmì ìdádúró Nọ́mbà 1 jáde ní agogo 7:30 ìrọ̀lẹ́ ní ọjọ́ Kejì oṣù Kẹwàá nígbà tí Higos jẹ́ nǹkan bí 700 km sí gúúsù [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] . Gbogbo àmì ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru ni a fagilé ní agogo 10:30 ìrọ̀lẹ́ ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹwàá bí Higos ṣe wó lulẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Guangdong tí ó sì rẹ̀wẹ̀sì. <ref name="hko.gov.hk">{{Cite web|archivedate=2008-11-10}}</ref>
== Ipa ==
Ní Hong Kong, dígí kan jábọ́ láti ibi ìtajà kan ní Tsim Sha Tsui nígbà tí Strong Monsoon Signal wà níṣẹ́. Ọkọ̀ méjì bàjẹ́, ẹnìkan sì farapa díẹ̀ nígbà ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà. Yàtọ̀ sí èyí, wọ́n ròyìn pé wọ́n ti tú àga ìjókòó kan sílẹ̀ ní Kowloon Bay. <ref name="hko.gov.hk" /> Higos caused $6.5 million in damage to the province of Xinhua , ṣùgbọ́n òjò líle koko rẹ̀ lè ti dá òjò tó ṣeé ṣe kí ó má bẹ̀rẹ̀. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìròyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ Yahoo News, Higos pa àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ológun mẹ́rin ti Ẹ̀ka Omi ti Central Intelligence Agency tí wọ́n wà ní iṣẹ́ láti gbé àwọn ohun èlò ìṣọ́ sí erékùsù kékeré kan ní Luzon Strait .
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Higos
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Pablo
* Ìjì líle Mujigae
* Ìjì líle Rumbia (2013)
* Ìjì líle Sarika
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>
== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Tropical Storm Higos (2008)}}{{2008 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/200817.html.en Ìròyìn Gbogbogbò JMA] nípa Ìjì Oòrùn Gíga (0817) láti ọwọ́ Ìjì Oòrùn Díjítàlì
* [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0817.pdf Àkójọ orin JMA tó dára jùlọ] nípa ìjì líle ilẹ̀ olóoru (0817) (in Japanese)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829033548/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2008/2008s-bwp/bwp212008.txt JTWC Àkójọpọ̀ Àkójọpọ̀ Tó Dáa JTWC] ti Ìjì Oòrùn Tropical 21W (Higos)
* [https://archive.today/20140806081948/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc08/WPAC/21W.HIGOS/ 21W.HIGOS] láti ilé ìwádìí ojú omi ti Amẹ́ríkà
3t350m8sk3pcgz80bh6g1nv94pex3ht
Ìjì líle (1989)
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352033211|Typhoon Dot (1989)]]"
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'''Ìjì líle''', tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì líle Kuring''' ní Philippines, jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|àwọn ìjì líle]] tó jà ní gúúsù China àti àríwá [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] nígbà àsìkò ìjì líle Pacific ní ọdún 1989. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kan nítòsí [[Páláù|Palau]] ní oṣù kẹfà. 4, Dot tọpa ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Ó kọjá orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní oṣù kẹfà. 6, ètò náà yípo lórí Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ó sì dé ipò ìjì líle. Ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà, ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìparí ọ̀sẹ̀. 8, Dot dé ibi gíga jùlọ pẹ̀lú ìjì tí afẹ́fẹ́ náà ń fẹ́ tó {{Convert|185|km/h|mph}} . Ètò náà dínkù díẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejì kí ó tó dé erékùṣù Hainan . Ìjì líle kan wá wọ Òkun Tonkin kí ó tó kọlù àríwá Vietnam, ó sì tú jáde ní oṣù kẹfà. 12.
Ní gbogbo ìgbà tí Typhoon Dot ń rọ̀ ní Philippines, China àti Vietnam, èyí sì fa ìbàjẹ́ ńlá àti ikú mẹ́jọ. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó burú jùlọ wáyé ní Erékùṣù Hainan níbi tí ilé 1,400 ti bàjẹ́ tí 60,000 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ní Vietnam, ìkún omi Dot mú kí ìjì líle koko bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìparí oṣù Karùn-ún láti ọwọ́ ìjì Tropical Storm Storm Cecil .
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Dot 1989 path.png|colors=new}}Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Okudu kẹfà Ní ọdún 1989, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Apápọ̀ (JTWC) bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àkíyèsí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kan tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí Òkun Gúúsù Philippines . [ nb 1 ] Láàárín ọjọ́ méjì tí ó tẹ̀lé e, ìsopọ̀ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ètò yìí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì di èyí tí a ṣètò dáadáa. Ìdàgbàsókè yìí mú kí a fi Ìkìlọ̀ Ìṣẹ̀dá Ìjì Afẹ́ ... 4 bí ètò náà ṣe ń lọ sí àríwá [[Páláù|Palau]] . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2013}}</ref> Ní àkókò yìí, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) sọ ètò náà di ibi tí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru ti wọ́pọ̀. <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref> [ nb 2 ] Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹfà 5, JTWC tẹ̀lé e, wọ́n sì fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn àkọ́kọ́ lórí Ìṣòro Ibà Omi Tropical 05W, nígbà tí ètò náà wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|555|km|mi}} gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn erékùsù Samar ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . <ref name="ATCR" /> Nítorí pé ìjì náà sún mọ́ Philippines, ìjọba Philippines tún ṣe àkíyèsí ìjì náà, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ ìlú náà ''Kuring'' . <ref name="Kuring">{{Cite news|publisher=Manila Standard|access-date=January 1, 2012|title=Atlas June output hit by 'Kuring'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hpkVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kAsEAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20kuring&pg=2892%2C4809188}}</ref> Bí a ṣe ń rìn lọ sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn-àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ìdààmú náà le sí i di ìjì líle, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ náà Dot, 12 wákàtí díẹ̀ kí ó tó dé ibi tí omi ti rọ̀ ní Samar ní oṣù kẹfà 6. <ref name="ATCR" />
Nígbà tí wọ́n ń kọjá àárín gbùngbùn Philippines àti Òkun Sibuyan, Ìjì líle Tropical Storm Dot pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára rẹ̀. Nígbà tí ó fi di oṣù June, ó ti di ibi tí ó ga jù. Ní ọjọ́ keje, ìjì náà wọ Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ó sì gba apá díẹ̀ ní àríwá sí ipa ọ̀nà rẹ̀. Nígbà náà, àwọn olùsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ní JTWC retí pé Dot yóò bá ojú ọjọ́ tí ó ń bọ̀ àti ipa ọ̀nà àríwá Hainan pàdé. Ṣùgbọ́n, apá iwájú náà kò lè fara hàn, ìjì náà sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ ipa ọ̀nà ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Nítorí pé afẹ́fẹ́ tí kò lágbára àti omi gbígbóná ti dínkù, Dot dé ipò ìjì líle ní oṣù kẹfà. 8. Lẹ́yìn ìdàgbàsókè ojú kan, ìjì náà dé ibi gíga jùlọ ní ọjọ́ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ẹ̀ka kan<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó dọ́gba lórí ìwọ̀n ìjì líle Saffir-Simpson, pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀jù tí a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ {{Convert|185|km/h|mph}} . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2013}}</ref> Ní òwúrọ̀ oṣù June 9, JMA ṣe àyẹ̀wò pé Dot ti dé afẹ́fẹ́ ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá tí ó dúró pẹ́ tó {{Convert|150|km/h|mph}} àti ìfúnpá barometric ti 955 mbar ( hPa ; 28.2 inHg ). <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref>
Díẹ̀díẹ̀ ni ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ṣẹlẹ̀ bí Dot ṣe sún mọ́ erékùsù Hainan ní Okudu kẹfà 9. Ìjì líle náà tún gúnlẹ̀ sí etíkun Sanya ní oṣù kẹfà 10 ó sì di ìjì líle. Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, ìjì náà yọ sí Gulf of Tonkin kí ó tó dé ibi ìjì kẹta àti ìkẹyìn nítòsí Hai Phong, [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] . Nígbà tí Dot wà ní etíkun, ó yára wó lulẹ̀ lórí ilẹ̀ olókè ní àríwá Vietnam, wọ́n sì ṣe àkíyèsí rẹ̀ kẹ́yìn ní oṣù kẹfà. 12. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref>
== Ipa ==
[[Fáìlì:Dot_jun_10_1989_0610Z.jpg|right|thumb|Ìjì líle lórí erékùsù Hainan ní Okudu kẹfà 10]]
Ìjì líle Tropical Storm Dot mú kí òjò rọ̀ káàkiri ní Philippines, èyí sì yọrí sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjì ilẹ̀. Ní ìlú Toledo, Carmen [[Bàbà|copper]] Concentrator ní láti pa iṣẹ́ náà fún ìgbà díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ilẹ̀ rọ̀ tí ó ba omi ilé iṣẹ́ náà jẹ́. Nítorí náà, Atlas Consolidated Mining and Development Corporation pàdánù nǹkan bí {{Convert|272,000|kg|lb}} ti bàbà.
Ní gbogbo erékùsù Hainan, ìjì náà mú kí òjò rọ̀ gan-an àti afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń ba ìlú mẹ́jọ jẹ́ tí kò fi sí agbára tàbí iṣẹ́ tẹlifóònù. <ref name="Hainan1" /> Jákèjádò Hainan, nǹkan bí ilé 1,400 ló bàjẹ́, ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́fà [60,000] míì sì bàjẹ́. Àwọn ìròyìn àwọn oníròyìn fihàn pé ènìyàn méjì ló kú nítorí ìjì líle Typhoon Dot, nígbà tí wọ́n kọ òmíràn sí àkójọpọ̀. Lápapọ̀, ìbàjẹ́ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Hainan dé 170 mílíọ̀nù [[Renminbi]] (US$45.1) mílíọ̀nù). Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìgbàlà mẹ́ta ni a kó lọ sí agbègbè náà láti ran lọ́wọ́ nínú àwọn ìsapá ìgbàpadà. Ní agbègbè Guangxi tí ó wà nítòsí, òjò líle fa ìkún omi mìíràn tí ó ba ilé 300 jẹ́ tí ó sì ṣe ènìyàn mẹ́jọ léṣe. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, òjò wọ̀nyí tún ran àwọn ipò ọ̀dá lọ́wọ́ ní agbègbè náà. <ref name="HKOrpt" /> Ní Tai Mo Shan ní Hong Kong, afẹ́fẹ́ líle láti Dot dé {{Convert|79|km/h|mph}} àti ìjì líle náà dé {{Convert|110|km/h|mph}} . Ju {{Convert|55,000|ha|acre}} ti awọn irugbin ni omi bò, eyiti o pọ julọ ninu wọn jẹ oko iresi. <ref name="HKOrpt" />
Ní nǹkan bí ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì lẹ́yìn tí ìjì líle Cecil ba àwọn apá kan ní Vietnam jẹ́, Dot fa ìkún omi sí i ní etí odò Pupa Delta . Àwọn apá kan ní [[Hanoi]] kún fún tó {{Convert|1|m|ft|0}} . Afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ dé {{Convert|116|km/h|mph}} ni a gbọ́ pé ó kan àwọn agbègbè etíkun nítòsí ibi tí ìjì líle náà ti gbéra sí etíkun. <ref>{{Cite news|location=Bangkok, Thailand}}</ref> Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó {{Convert|162,000|ha|acre}} oko ìrẹsì tí ìjì náà bò mọ́lẹ̀. Ó kéré tán, ènìyàn mẹ́fà ló kú nítorí ìjì náà ní Vietnam, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sì farapa.
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Dot
* Ìjì líle Angela (1989)
* Ìjì líle Dan (1989)
* Ìjì líle Elsie (1989)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Typhoon Dot (1989)}}{{1989 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/en/typh/ Ile-iṣẹ Oju-ọjọ Japan]
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Ile-iṣẹ Ikilọ Ajọṣepọ ti] Archived
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'''Ìjì líle''', tí a mọ̀ sí '''Ìjì líle Kuring''' ní Philippines, jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára [[Ìjìláyípo Ilẹ̀-Olóoru|àwọn ìjì líle]] tó jà ní gúúsù China àti àríwá [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] nígbà àsìkò ìjì líle Pacific ní ọdún 1989. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kan nítòsí [[Páláù|Palau]] ní oṣù kẹfà. 4, Dot tọpa ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Ó kọjá orílẹ̀-èdè náà ní oṣù kẹfà. 6, ètò náà yípo lórí Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ó sì dé ipò ìjì líle. Ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà, ó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ìparí ọ̀sẹ̀. 8, Dot dé ibi gíga jùlọ pẹ̀lú ìjì tí afẹ́fẹ́ náà ń fẹ́ tó {{Convert|185|km/h|mph}} . Ètò náà dínkù díẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kejì kí ó tó dé erékùṣù Hainan . Ìjì líle kan wá wọ Òkun Tonkin kí ó tó kọlù àríwá Vietnam, ó sì tú jáde ní oṣù kẹfà. 12.
Ní gbogbo ìgbà tí Typhoon Dot ń rọ̀ ní Philippines, China àti Vietnam, èyí sì fa ìbàjẹ́ ńlá àti ikú mẹ́jọ. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó burú jùlọ wáyé ní Erékùṣù Hainan níbi tí ilé 1,400 ti bàjẹ́ tí 60,000 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ní Vietnam, ìkún omi Dot mú kí ìjì líle koko bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìparí oṣù Karùn-ún láti ọwọ́ ìjì Tropical Storm Storm Cecil .
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Dot 1989 path.png|colors=new}}Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Okudu kẹfà Ní ọdún 1989, Ilé-iṣẹ́ Ìkìlọ̀ Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Apápọ̀ (JTWC) bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣe àkíyèsí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru kan tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí Òkun Gúúsù Philippines . [ nb 1 ] Láàárín ọjọ́ méjì tí ó tẹ̀lé e, ìsopọ̀ tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú ètò yìí pọ̀ sí i, ó sì di èyí tí a ṣètò dáadáa. Ìdàgbàsókè yìí mú kí a fi Ìkìlọ̀ Ìṣẹ̀dá Ìjì Afẹ́ ... 4 bí ètò náà ṣe ń lọ sí àríwá [[Páláù|Palau]] . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2013}}</ref> Ní àkókò yìí, Ilé Iṣẹ́ Ojú Ọjọ́ Japan (JMA) sọ ètò náà di ibi tí ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru ti wọ́pọ̀. <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref> [ nb 2 ] Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹfà 5, JTWC tẹ̀lé e, wọ́n sì fúnni ní ìmọ̀ràn àkọ́kọ́ lórí Ìṣòro Ibà Omi Tropical 05W, nígbà tí ètò náà wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|555|km|mi}} gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn erékùsù Samar ní [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . <ref name="ATCR" /> Nítorí pé ìjì náà sún mọ́ Philippines, ìjọba Philippines tún ṣe àkíyèsí ìjì náà, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ ìlú náà ''Kuring'' . <ref name="Kuring">{{Cite news|publisher=Manila Standard|access-date=January 1, 2012|title=Atlas June output hit by 'Kuring'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hpkVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kAsEAAAAIBAJ&dq=typhoon%20kuring&pg=2892%2C4809188}}</ref> Bí a ṣe ń rìn lọ sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn-àríwá ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ìdààmú náà le sí i di ìjì líle, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ náà Dot, 12 wákàtí díẹ̀ kí ó tó dé ibi tí omi ti rọ̀ ní Samar ní oṣù kẹfà 6. <ref name="ATCR" />
Nígbà tí wọ́n ń kọjá àárín gbùngbùn Philippines àti Òkun Sibuyan, Ìjì líle Tropical Storm Dot pọ̀ sí i ní ìwọ̀n àti agbára rẹ̀. Nígbà tí ó fi di oṣù June, ó ti di ibi tí ó ga jù. Ní ọjọ́ keje, ìjì náà wọ Òkun Gúúsù Ṣáínà ó sì gba apá díẹ̀ ní àríwá sí ipa ọ̀nà rẹ̀. Nígbà náà, àwọn olùsọtẹ́lẹ̀ ní JTWC retí pé Dot yóò bá ojú ọjọ́ tí ó ń bọ̀ àti ipa ọ̀nà àríwá Hainan pàdé. Ṣùgbọ́n, apá iwájú náà kò lè fara hàn, ìjì náà sì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ ipa ọ̀nà ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn. Nítorí pé afẹ́fẹ́ tí kò lágbára àti omi gbígbóná ti dínkù, Dot dé ipò ìjì líle ní oṣù kẹfà. 8. Lẹ́yìn ìdàgbàsókè ojú kan, ìjì náà dé ibi gíga jùlọ ní ọjọ́ náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ẹ̀ka kan<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ìjì líle mẹ́ta tó dọ́gba lórí ìwọ̀n ìjì líle Saffir-Simpson, pẹ̀lú afẹ́fẹ́ tó pọ̀jù tí a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ {{Convert|185|km/h|mph}} . <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2013}}</ref> Ní òwúrọ̀ oṣù June 9, JMA ṣe àyẹ̀wò pé Dot ti dé afẹ́fẹ́ ìṣẹ́jú mẹ́wàá tí ó dúró pẹ́ tó {{Convert|150|km/h|mph}} àti ìfúnpá barometric ti 955 mbar ( hPa ; 28.2 inHg ). <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref>
Díẹ̀díẹ̀ ni ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ṣẹlẹ̀ bí Dot ṣe sún mọ́ erékùsù Hainan ní Okudu kẹfà 9. Ìjì líle náà tún gúnlẹ̀ sí etíkun Sanya ní oṣù kẹfà 10 ó sì di ìjì líle. Nígbà tó yá ní ọjọ́ náà, ìjì náà yọ sí Gulf of Tonkin kí ó tó dé ibi ìjì kẹta àti ìkẹyìn nítòsí Hai Phong, [[Fiẹtnám|Vietnam]] . Nígbà tí Dot wà ní etíkun, ó yára wó lulẹ̀ lórí ilẹ̀ olókè ní àríwá Vietnam, wọ́n sì ṣe àkíyèsí rẹ̀ kẹ́yìn ní oṣù kẹfà. 12. <ref name="ATCR">{{Cite web|archivedate=February 21, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="JMABT">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]|archivedate=December 5, 2014}}</ref>
== Ipa ==
[[Fáìlì:Dot_jun_10_1989_0610Z.jpg|right|thumb|Ìjì líle lórí erékùsù Hainan ní Okudu kẹfà 10]]
Ìjì líle Tropical Storm Dot mú kí òjò rọ̀ káàkiri ní Philippines, èyí sì yọrí sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìjì ilẹ̀. Ní ìlú Toledo, Carmen [[Bàbà|copper]] Concentrator ní láti pa iṣẹ́ náà fún ìgbà díẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ilẹ̀ rọ̀ tí ó ba omi ilé iṣẹ́ náà jẹ́. Nítorí náà, Atlas Consolidated Mining and Development Corporation pàdánù nǹkan bí {{Convert|272,000|kg|lb}} ti bàbà.
Ní gbogbo erékùsù Hainan, ìjì náà mú kí òjò rọ̀ gan-an àti afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń ba ìlú mẹ́jọ jẹ́ tí kò fi sí agbára tàbí iṣẹ́ tẹlifóònù. <ref name="Hainan1" /> Jákèjádò Hainan, nǹkan bí ilé 1,400 ló bàjẹ́, ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́fà [60,000] míì sì bàjẹ́. Àwọn ìròyìn àwọn oníròyìn fihàn pé ènìyàn méjì ló kú nítorí ìjì líle Typhoon Dot, nígbà tí wọ́n kọ òmíràn sí àkójọpọ̀. Lápapọ̀, ìbàjẹ́ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Hainan dé 170 mílíọ̀nù [[Renminbi]] (US$45.1) mílíọ̀nù). Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìgbàlà mẹ́ta ni a kó lọ sí agbègbè náà láti ran lọ́wọ́ nínú àwọn ìsapá ìgbàpadà. Ní agbègbè Guangxi tí ó wà nítòsí, òjò líle fa ìkún omi mìíràn tí ó ba ilé 300 jẹ́ tí ó sì ṣe ènìyàn mẹ́jọ léṣe. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, òjò wọ̀nyí tún ran àwọn ipò ọ̀dá lọ́wọ́ ní agbègbè náà. <ref name="HKOrpt" /> Ní Tai Mo Shan ní Hong Kong, afẹ́fẹ́ líle láti Dot dé {{Convert|79|km/h|mph}} àti ìjì líle náà dé {{Convert|110|km/h|mph}} . Ju {{Convert|55,000|ha|acre}} ti awọn irugbin ni omi bò, eyiti o pọ julọ ninu wọn jẹ oko iresi. <ref name="HKOrpt" />
Ní nǹkan bí ọ̀sẹ̀ méjì lẹ́yìn tí ìjì líle Cecil ba àwọn apá kan ní Vietnam jẹ́, Dot fa ìkún omi sí i ní etí odò Pupa Delta . Àwọn apá kan ní [[Hanoi]] kún fún tó {{Convert|1|m|ft|0}} . Afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ dé {{Convert|116|km/h|mph}} ni a gbọ́ pé ó kan àwọn agbègbè etíkun nítòsí ibi tí ìjì líle náà ti gbéra sí etíkun. <ref>{{Cite news|location=Bangkok, Thailand}}</ref> Ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó {{Convert|162,000|ha|acre}} oko ìrẹsì tí ìjì náà bò mọ́lẹ̀. Ó kéré tán, ènìyàn mẹ́fà ló kú nítorí ìjì náà ní Vietnam, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ sì farapa.
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* Àwọn ìjì líle mìíràn tí a ń pè ní Dot
* Ìjì líle Angela (1989)
* Ìjì líle Dan (1989)
* Ìjì líle Elsie (1989)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
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== Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde ==
<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Typhoon Dot (1989)}}{{1989 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
* [http://www.jma.go.jp/en/typh/ Ile-iṣẹ Oju-ọjọ Japan]
* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Ile-iṣẹ Ikilọ Ajọṣepọ ti] Archived
ca6pfzd92d4h3f1wpqzrexen0zz3tq0
Ìjì líle Hong Kong ti ọdún 1874
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Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337003703|1874 Hong Kong typhoon]]"
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<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes|date=October 2015}}
{{unreliable sources|date=October 2015}}}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css" />
'''Ìjì líle Hong Kong ti ọdún 1874''' ni ìjì líle kẹta tí ó burú jùlọ tí ó tíì kọlu [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] rí, ó kọlu ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1874 àti ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1874.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
Àwọn ará ìlú Colony ní àkókò ìfúnpá díẹ̀, èyí tí ó jọ ojú ìjì líle. Láti agogo 8:00 alẹ́, afẹ́fẹ́ ń fẹ́, ó sì ń dún pẹ̀lú ìró etí tí ń dún, pẹ̀lú igbe ìrora ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn tí wọ́n ti di aláìnílé. Ìjì líle náà ń pọ̀ sí i ní agbára títí dé agogo 2:15 òwúrọ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án. Àgbéyẹ̀wò òde òní ní ọdún 2017 fihàn pé ìjì líle ńlá yìí kọjá ní nǹkan bí 50 sí 60 km sí gúúsù Hong Kong ní ibi tí ó sún mọ́ ọn jùlọ, bíi ti Hato ní ọdún 2017. Ìjì líle náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dínkù lẹ́yìn agogo mẹ́ta òwúrọ̀.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Àwọn ìwádìí tí a gbà láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''[[:fr:Ava (paquebot)|Ava]]'' ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún àti ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1874, ní èbúté Hong Kong
! Àkókò agbègbè
! Barometer
! Iwọn otutu
! Ìtọ́sọ́nà afẹ́fẹ́
! Agbára afẹ́fẹ́
! Àwọn ipò ojú ọjọ́
|-
| Ọ̀sán gangan
| 755
| 32°C
| —
| —
| Kurukuru
|-
| 5 PM
| 750
| 30°C
| NW
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle
| Àwọn ìkùukùu dúdú
|-
| 6:30 PM
| 748
| 28°C
| »
| Afẹ́fẹ́ tútù
| Awọn awọsanma ti o nipọn
|-
| 7:30 PM
| 748
| »
| N. 1/4 NW
| Afẹ́fẹ́ tútù; afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ń fẹ́ lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan
| Òjò díẹ̀díẹ̀
|-
| 8 PM
| 747
| »
| »
| Afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ nígbà gbogbo
| —
|-
| 9 PM
| 746
| »
| E
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle ń fẹ́
| Tutu pupọ
|-
| 10 PM
| 744
| »
| »
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle jù
| Òjò líle
|-
| 11 PM
| 742
| »
| »
| Àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó lágbára jù pàápàá
| —
|-
| 11:30 PM
| 740
| »
| »
| —
| —
|-
| Àárín òru
| 735
| »
| »
| —
| —
|-
| 12:30 AM
| 733
| »
| NNE
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle ń fẹ́
| Òtútù líle
|-
| 1 AM
| 730
| 27°C
| Ariwa Ila-oorun
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle
| Òjò àìdáwọ́dúró
|-
| 1:12 AM
| 728
| »
| »
| Ìjì líle
| —
|-
| 1:30 AM
| 727
| »
| ENE
| Ìjì líle
| —
|-
| 2 AM
| 726
| 26°C
| »
| —
| —
|-
| 2:08 AM
| 728
| »
| E
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle ń fẹ́
| Tutu pupọ
|-
| 3 AM
| 731
| »
| ESE
| —
| —
|-
| 3 AM, iṣẹju diẹ lẹhinna
| 735
| »
| Ariwa Iwọ-oorun
| Afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ sí i lójoojúmọ́
| Òtútù
|-
| 8 AM
| 753
| »
| —
| Afẹ́fẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀
| Oju ọrun mọ́ kedere
|}
== Ipa ==
=== Ṣáínà ===
Ní agbègbè Kwangtung, ó kéré tán ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá (10,000) ènìyàn ló kú nínú ìjì náà, àwọn kan sì ròyìn pé ó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá (100,000).
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
[[Fáìlì:Lai_Afong_1874_Hong_Kong_Typhoon_1.jpg|thumb|Lẹhin ti iji lile ni Yau Ma Tei . Fọto nipasẹ Lai Afong .]]
[[Fáìlì:Lai_Afong_1874_Hong_Kong_Typhoon_2.jpg|thumb|Àbájáde ìjì líle náà. Fọ́tò láti ọwọ́ Lai Afong .]]
Ìjì líle náà kọlu [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] pẹ̀lú “ìwà ipá tí a kò tíì rí irú rẹ̀ rí” ó sì pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn 2,000. {{Sfn|Ho|2003}}
Àwọn arìnrìn-àjò kan jáde lọ sí Praya ní agogo 11:00 alẹ́, wọ́n sì rí ara wọn nínú omi, wọ́n sì fi ara wọn sínú ewu pé ìgbì omi tó ń gbá etíkun yóò gbá wọn lọ. Wọ́n fipá mú wọn láti sá padà ní agogo 01:00 òwúrọ̀ bí afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń fẹ́ dé ibi gíga tuntun. Ìlà Oòrùn ní Causeway Bay ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n omi tó ga ju ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́rin lọ. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé ìtajà àti àwọn ilé ìtajà, kódà tí ó jìnnà sí etíkun Praya, ni omi kún, omi sì bàjẹ́.
Ìjì náà tó gba wákàtí méjì ti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní agbègbè Colony, ó sì pa wọ́n. Ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ lórí tẹlifóònù ni wọ́n dá dúró, ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ pẹ̀lú erékùṣù Hong Kong sì dẹ́kun fún ìgbà díẹ̀. Ìlú náà ti pàdánù púpọ̀, àwọn ọ̀nà rẹ̀ ti di ahoro, wọ́n sì kún fún èérún, àwọn òrùlé ilé ti bàjẹ́, àwọn fèrèsé ti wó, àwọn ògiri sì ti wó lulẹ̀, àwọn wáyà àti àwọn páìpù gáàsì sì ti fọ́, àwọn igi sì ti yọ́ kúrò.
=== Macau ===
Ìjì líle náà ba àwọn ará Portugal kékeré náà jẹ́ gidigidi. Barometer náà ròyìn ìfúnpá {{Convert|28|inHg|hPa}} . Ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Poyang'' tó bàjẹ́ dé Hong Kong, ó ròyìn pé ìlú náà ti bàjẹ́. Àwọn ilé tó wà ní àyíká Praia Grande bàjẹ́, fi iyanrìn sílẹ̀ ní etíkun. Àwọn òpópónà àti ilé tó wà ní agbègbè náà parẹ́. Fortaleza do Monte bàjẹ́, pẹ̀lú òrùlé tó ya àti àwọn ògiri tó wó lulẹ̀. Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì àti Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì St. Joseph fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ wó lulẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ògiri méjì tó kù. Àwọn ọjà patacas tó tó 300,000 bàjẹ́ nínú ìjì náà, tíi àti òróró ólífì ló wọ́n jù. Wọ́n ṣírò pé ó lé ní 5,000 ènìyàn tó kú ní Macau, àti pé ìbàjẹ́ tó tó 400,000 [[Pataca|patacas]] . Nǹkan bí ọkọ̀ ojú omi 2,000 ló rì nígbà ìjì náà. Ìbàjẹ́ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní agbègbè náà burú ju ti Paris nígbà Ogun Franco-Prussian, tàbí ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ tó wáyé ní Philippines láìpẹ́ yìí lọ. <ref name="SMH" /> Wọ́n kà á sí ìjì tó burú jù lọ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ sí Macau nínú ìtàn. <ref name="MacauArchive" />
== Àbájáde ==
Pupọ julọ ninu awọn ọkọ oju omi 37 ti o wa ni ibudo ni o bajẹ ati ọgọọgọrun awọn ẹja ati awọn sampan ti o bajẹ tabi ti fọ patapata botilẹjẹpe wọn wa ibi aabo ni eti okun naa. Ni akoko yii Hong Kong ko ni ile-iṣẹ akiyesi oju-ọjọ tirẹ ati ọpọlọpọ eniyan n reti iji lati ọna miiran, lakoko ti awọn miiran wa ni airotẹlẹ ati boya ọkọ oju omi ti rì tabi padanu ile wọn. Awọn ikilọ eke diẹ ti iji lile ti kede ni ibẹrẹ ọdun.
Ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kejì, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Praya láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn sí ìlà oòrùn yani lẹ́nu gidigidi: a lè rí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí wọ́n rì sínú omi pẹ̀lú àwọn òkú tí wọ́n ń léfòó lórí omi pẹ̀lú àwọn òkú tí omi líle wọ́ sí etíkun.
Ilé ìtura Stonecutters Island tó tóbi náà ti di ahoro, Ilé ẹjọ́ ọlọ́pàá àti Victoria Gaol kò sì sí ní òrùlé. Wọ́n kà gbogbo ìbàjẹ́ náà sí “aláìsí iye tó bàjẹ́”.
Ernst Eitel sọ nípa iye ilé àwọn ará Yúróòpù àti ti Ṣáínà tí wọ́n wó lulẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì di aláìnílé; àwọn igi ńláńlá kò gbòǹgbò mọ́, wọ́n sì rí òkú nínú àwókù náà, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ sí etíkun láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí ó wó lulẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite book|location=London}}</ref>
Àlejò kan tó dé sí ọkọ̀ ojú omi láti Peking nígbà tí ìjì líle náà ń jà ròyìn pé omi fẹ́rẹ̀ gbá omi náà lọ, kò sí igi kankan tó kù ní ọgbà ewéko, ọ̀pọ̀ ilé sì wà ní àwókù. Àwọn ènìyàn ń yára sin òkú nítorí ooru náà le gan-an, àníyàn sì wà lórí bí àwọn àrùn tó ń ranni ṣe ń tàn kálẹ̀.
Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, onímọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ ará Brazil , Francisco Antônio de Almeida, nínú ìròyìn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1879, ṣàlàyé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìdáná àti jíjí nǹkan ní ilé ìtọ́jú méjì níbi tí wọ́n ti pa àwọn àjèjì, èyí tí wọ́n dájọ́ ikú fún àwọn ọ̀daràn ará China méjì. Almeida tún tọ́ka sí àwọn ìwé ìròyìn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ìgbà náà tí wọ́n ṣírò pé ó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́jọ ènìyàn tí wọ́n pa nínú ìjì líle náà, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn jẹ́ ìdílé ará Spain tí wọ́n sá kúrò ní Ogun Carlist, tí wọ́n sì ti dé Philippines ní àkọ́kọ́.
== Àríyànjiyàn ==
Olórí Àgbà Ọ̀gágun Walter Meredith Deane gba ẹ̀sùn líle koko fún pípa àṣẹ pé kí wọ́n fi àwọn ọmọ ogun rẹ̀ sí àgọ́ dípò kí wọ́n fi ẹ̀mí wọn wewu láti gba àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Leonor'' àti ''Albay'' sílẹ̀. Nítorí pé Gómìnà Sir Arthur Kennedy kò gbà láti ṣe ìwádìí gbogbogbòò, ó fi gbogbo ìwé lórí ọ̀ràn náà lé Akọ̀wé Ìpínlẹ̀ Lord Carnarvon lọ́wọ́, ó sì jẹ́rìí sí ìpinnu Kennedy.
== Wo tun ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}}
* Ibi Ààbò Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Causeway Bay
* Ìjì líle Hato
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Kíkà síwájú síi ==
*
*
* "[http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/50035 The impact of the typhoon of September 1874 in Hong Kong]. The Basel mission house."
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
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<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes|date=October 2015}}
{{unreliable sources|date=October 2015}}}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css" />
'''Ìjì líle Hong Kong ti ọdún 1874''' ni ìjì líle kẹta tí ó burú jùlọ tí ó tíì kọlu [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] rí, ó kọlu ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ kejìlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1874 àti ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1874.
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
Àwọn ará ìlú Colony ní àkókò ìfúnpá díẹ̀, èyí tí ó jọ ojú ìjì líle. Láti agogo 8:00 alẹ́, afẹ́fẹ́ ń fẹ́, ó sì ń dún pẹ̀lú ìró etí tí ń dún, pẹ̀lú igbe ìrora ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn tí wọ́n ti di aláìnílé. Ìjì líle náà ń pọ̀ sí i ní agbára títí dé agogo 2:15 òwúrọ̀ ní ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án. Àgbéyẹ̀wò òde òní ní ọdún 2017 fihàn pé ìjì líle ńlá yìí kọjá ní nǹkan bí 50 sí 60 km sí gúúsù Hong Kong ní ibi tí ó sún mọ́ ọn jùlọ, bíi ti Hato ní ọdún 2017. Ìjì líle náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dínkù lẹ́yìn agogo mẹ́ta òwúrọ̀.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Àwọn ìwádìí tí a gbà láti ọ̀dọ̀ ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''[[:fr:Ava (paquebot)|Ava]]'' ní ọjọ́ kejìlélógún àti ọjọ́ kẹtàlélógún oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1874, ní èbúté Hong Kong
! Àkókò agbègbè
! Barometer
! Iwọn otutu
! Ìtọ́sọ́nà afẹ́fẹ́
! Agbára afẹ́fẹ́
! Àwọn ipò ojú ọjọ́
|-
| Ọ̀sán gangan
| 755
| 32°C
| —
| —
| Kurukuru
|-
| 5 PM
| 750
| 30°C
| NW
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle
| Àwọn ìkùukùu dúdú
|-
| 6:30 PM
| 748
| 28°C
| »
| Afẹ́fẹ́ tútù
| Awọn awọsanma ti o nipọn
|-
| 7:30 PM
| 748
| »
| N. 1/4 NW
| Afẹ́fẹ́ tútù; afẹ́fẹ́ tí ó ń fẹ́ lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan
| Òjò díẹ̀díẹ̀
|-
| 8 PM
| 747
| »
| »
| Afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ nígbà gbogbo
| —
|-
| 9 PM
| 746
| »
| E
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle ń fẹ́
| Tutu pupọ
|-
| 10 PM
| 744
| »
| »
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle jù
| Òjò líle
|-
| 11 PM
| 742
| »
| »
| Àwọn afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó lágbára jù pàápàá
| —
|-
| 11:30 PM
| 740
| »
| »
| —
| —
|-
| Àárín òru
| 735
| »
| »
| —
| —
|-
| 12:30 AM
| 733
| »
| NNE
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle ń fẹ́
| Òtútù líle
|-
| 1 AM
| 730
| 27°C
| Ariwa Ila-oorun
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle
| Òjò àìdáwọ́dúró
|-
| 1:12 AM
| 728
| »
| »
| Ìjì líle
| —
|-
| 1:30 AM
| 727
| »
| ENE
| Ìjì líle
| —
|-
| 2 AM
| 726
| 26°C
| »
| —
| —
|-
| 2:08 AM
| 728
| »
| E
| Afẹ́fẹ́ líle ń fẹ́
| Tutu pupọ
|-
| 3 AM
| 731
| »
| ESE
| —
| —
|-
| 3 AM, iṣẹju diẹ lẹhinna
| 735
| »
| Ariwa Iwọ-oorun
| Afẹ́fẹ́ afẹ́fẹ́ tó ń fẹ́ sí i lójoojúmọ́
| Òtútù
|-
| 8 AM
| 753
| »
| —
| Afẹ́fẹ́ díẹ̀díẹ̀
| Oju ọrun mọ́ kedere
|}
== Ipa ==
=== Ṣáínà ===
Ní agbègbè Kwangtung, ó kéré tán ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá (10,000) ènìyàn ló kú nínú ìjì náà, àwọn kan sì ròyìn pé ó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá (100,000).
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
[[Fáìlì:Lai_Afong_1874_Hong_Kong_Typhoon_1.jpg|thumb|Lẹhin ti iji lile ni Yau Ma Tei . Fọto nipasẹ Lai Afong .]]
[[Fáìlì:Lai_Afong_1874_Hong_Kong_Typhoon_2.jpg|thumb|Àbájáde ìjì líle náà. Fọ́tò láti ọwọ́ Lai Afong .]]
Ìjì líle náà kọlu [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] pẹ̀lú “ìwà ipá tí a kò tíì rí irú rẹ̀ rí” ó sì pa ó kéré tán ènìyàn 2,000. {{Sfn|Ho|2003}}
Àwọn arìnrìn-àjò kan jáde lọ sí Praya ní agogo 11:00 alẹ́, wọ́n sì rí ara wọn nínú omi, wọ́n sì fi ara wọn sínú ewu pé ìgbì omi tó ń gbá etíkun yóò gbá wọn lọ. Wọ́n fipá mú wọn láti sá padà ní agogo 01:00 òwúrọ̀ bí afẹ́fẹ́ ṣe ń fẹ́ dé ibi gíga tuntun. Ìlà Oòrùn ní Causeway Bay ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ìwọ̀n omi tó ga ju ẹsẹ̀ mẹ́rin lọ. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ilé ìtajà àti àwọn ilé ìtajà, kódà tí ó jìnnà sí etíkun Praya, ni omi kún, omi sì bàjẹ́.
Ìjì náà tó gba wákàtí méjì ti pa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní agbègbè Colony, ó sì pa wọ́n. Ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ lórí tẹlifóònù ni wọ́n dá dúró, ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ pẹ̀lú erékùṣù Hong Kong sì dẹ́kun fún ìgbà díẹ̀. Ìlú náà ti pàdánù púpọ̀, àwọn ọ̀nà rẹ̀ ti di ahoro, wọ́n sì kún fún èérún, àwọn òrùlé ilé ti bàjẹ́, àwọn fèrèsé ti wó, àwọn ògiri sì ti wó lulẹ̀, àwọn wáyà àti àwọn páìpù gáàsì sì ti fọ́, àwọn igi sì ti yọ́ kúrò.
=== Macau ===
Ìjì líle náà ba àwọn ará Portugal kékeré náà jẹ́ gidigidi. Barometer náà ròyìn ìfúnpá {{Convert|28|inHg|hPa}} . Ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Poyang'' tó bàjẹ́ dé Hong Kong, ó ròyìn pé ìlú náà ti bàjẹ́. Àwọn ilé tó wà ní àyíká Praia Grande bàjẹ́, fi iyanrìn sílẹ̀ ní etíkun. Àwọn òpópónà àti ilé tó wà ní agbègbè náà parẹ́. Fortaleza do Monte bàjẹ́, pẹ̀lú òrùlé tó ya àti àwọn ògiri tó wó lulẹ̀. Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì àti Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì St. Joseph fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ wó lulẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn ògiri méjì tó kù. Àwọn ọjà patacas tó tó 300,000 bàjẹ́ nínú ìjì náà, tíi àti òróró ólífì ló wọ́n jù. Wọ́n ṣírò pé ó lé ní 5,000 ènìyàn tó kú ní Macau, àti pé ìbàjẹ́ tó tó 400,000 [[Pataca|patacas]] . Nǹkan bí ọkọ̀ ojú omi 2,000 ló rì nígbà ìjì náà. Ìbàjẹ́ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ ní agbègbè náà burú ju ti Paris nígbà Ogun Franco-Prussian, tàbí ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ tó wáyé ní Philippines láìpẹ́ yìí lọ. <ref name="SMH" /> Wọ́n kà á sí ìjì tó burú jù lọ tó ṣẹlẹ̀ sí Macau nínú ìtàn. <ref name="MacauArchive" />
== Àbájáde ==
Pupọ julọ ninu awọn ọkọ oju omi 37 ti o wa ni ibudo ni o bajẹ ati ọgọọgọrun awọn ẹja ati awọn sampan ti o bajẹ tabi ti fọ patapata botilẹjẹpe wọn wa ibi aabo ni eti okun naa. Ni akoko yii Hong Kong ko ni ile-iṣẹ akiyesi oju-ọjọ tirẹ ati ọpọlọpọ eniyan n reti iji lati ọna miiran, lakoko ti awọn miiran wa ni airotẹlẹ ati boya ọkọ oju omi ti rì tabi padanu ile wọn. Awọn ikilọ eke diẹ ti iji lile ti kede ni ibẹrẹ ọdun.
Ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kejì, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Praya láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn sí ìlà oòrùn yani lẹ́nu gidigidi: a lè rí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí wọ́n rì sínú omi pẹ̀lú àwọn òkú tí wọ́n ń léfòó lórí omi pẹ̀lú àwọn òkú tí omi líle wọ́ sí etíkun.
Ilé ìtura Stonecutters Island tó tóbi náà ti di ahoro, Ilé ẹjọ́ ọlọ́pàá àti Victoria Gaol kò sì sí ní òrùlé. Wọ́n kà gbogbo ìbàjẹ́ náà sí “aláìsí iye tó bàjẹ́”.
Ernst Eitel sọ nípa iye ilé àwọn ará Yúróòpù àti ti Ṣáínà tí wọ́n wó lulẹ̀ tí wọ́n sì di aláìnílé; àwọn igi ńláńlá kò gbòǹgbò mọ́, wọ́n sì rí òkú nínú àwókù náà, wọ́n sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í yọ sí etíkun láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tí ó wó lulẹ̀. <ref>{{Cite book|location=London}}</ref>
Àlejò kan tó dé sí ọkọ̀ ojú omi láti Peking nígbà tí ìjì líle náà ń jà ròyìn pé omi fẹ́rẹ̀ gbá omi náà lọ, kò sí igi kankan tó kù ní ọgbà ewéko, ọ̀pọ̀ ilé sì wà ní àwókù. Àwọn ènìyàn ń yára sin òkú nítorí ooru náà le gan-an, àníyàn sì wà lórí bí àwọn àrùn tó ń ranni ṣe ń tàn kálẹ̀.
Lẹ́yìn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, onímọ̀ ìjìnlẹ̀ ará Brazil , Francisco Antônio de Almeida, nínú ìròyìn rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1879, ṣàlàyé ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìdáná àti jíjí nǹkan ní ilé ìtọ́jú méjì níbi tí wọ́n ti pa àwọn àjèjì, èyí tí wọ́n dájọ́ ikú fún àwọn ọ̀daràn ará China méjì. Almeida tún tọ́ka sí àwọn ìwé ìròyìn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ìgbà náà tí wọ́n ṣírò pé ó tó ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́jọ ènìyàn tí wọ́n pa nínú ìjì líle náà, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ wọn jẹ́ ìdílé ará Spain tí wọ́n sá kúrò ní Ogun Carlist, tí wọ́n sì ti dé Philippines ní àkọ́kọ́.
== Àríyànjiyàn ==
Olórí Àgbà Ọ̀gágun Walter Meredith Deane gba ẹ̀sùn líle koko fún pípa àṣẹ pé kí wọ́n fi àwọn ọmọ ogun rẹ̀ sí àgọ́ dípò kí wọ́n fi ẹ̀mí wọn wewu láti gba àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú omi ''Leonor'' àti ''Albay'' sílẹ̀. Nítorí pé Gómìnà Sir Arthur Kennedy kò gbà láti ṣe ìwádìí gbogbogbòò, ó fi gbogbo ìwé lórí ọ̀ràn náà lé Akọ̀wé Ìpínlẹ̀ Lord Carnarvon lọ́wọ́, ó sì jẹ́rìí sí ìpinnu Kennedy.
== Wo tun ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}}
* Ibi Ààbò Ìjì Afẹ́fẹ́ Causeway Bay
* Ìjì líle Hato
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}
== Kíkà síwájú síi ==
*
*
* "[http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/50035 The impact of the typhoon of September 1874 in Hong Kong]. The Basel mission house."
[[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]]
ci0lr4ny5sxq179giompnwjw85jig1l
Ìjì líle Brendan (1991)
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Aisha Yahuza
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333207313|Tropical Storm Brendan (1991)]]"
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'''Ìjì líle Brendan''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Tropical Storm Helming''' ní Philippines, jẹ́ ìjì líle kẹta tí ó tẹ̀lé ara rẹ̀ láti kọlu China ní oṣù Keje. 1991. Isan omi ti ko lagbara waye nitosi awọn erekusu Carolina ni oṣu Keje 15. Bí a ṣe ń tọ́pasẹ̀ ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ìṣànkiri náà di ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀ olóoru ní oṣù Keje. 19. Ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru náà le sí i títí tí ìjì líle Brendan fi bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní oṣù Keje. 21 nígbà tí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì náà sún mọ́ [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Brendan yára pọ̀ sí i láti dé ibi gíga àkọ́kọ́ ti {{Convert|70|mph|km/h}} nígbà tí ó dé ilẹ̀ ní Luzon Philippines. [ nb 1 ] Lẹ́yìn tí ó yọ sí Luzon Strait gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle ti ilẹ̀ olóoru tí ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti tọpa ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, Brendan dé ibi gíga kejì ti {{Convert|65|mph|km/h}} ní oṣù Keje 23, kí ó tó dé Guangdong, [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]], {{Convert|30|km|mi}} gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn [[Màkáù|Macau]] ní oṣù Keje 24. Lẹ́yìn tí Brendan ti wó lulẹ̀, ó rẹ̀wẹ̀sì, ó sì yọ́ kúrò ní ọjọ́ náà.
Jákèjádò Philippines, òjò líle tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú Brendan pẹ̀lú àwọn èérún òkè ayọnáyèéfín láti Òkè Pinatubo gbé ẹrẹ̀ sókè sí i tó {{Convert|5|m|feet}} gíga ní àyíká òkè ayọnáyèéfín náà. Nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ènìyàn ni wọ́n fipá mú láti sá kúrò níbẹ̀, nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin (1400) ilé sì bàjẹ́ nítorí ìṣàn ẹrẹ̀ tó ń pọ̀ sí i. A kọ ikú mẹ́rin sílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], Brendan fa ìpalára 17. Àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn gíláàsì àti àwọn nǹkan tí ìjì náà gbá lọ kọlu. Àròpọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ jákèjádò Hong Kong jẹ́ [[Dọ́là Họ́ng Kọng|HK$]] 0.94 mílíọ̀nù, pàápàá jùlọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ gbogbogbòò. Ní [[Màkáù|Macau]], ìkún omi líle ni a ròyìn ní àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Àwọn apẹja méjì láti China ròyìn pé wọ́n sọnù sí gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Macau lẹ́yìn tí ìjì náà ba àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi wọn jẹ́. Ní Guangdong, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn méjì ó sì ṣe mẹ́rin lára. Ilé 64 bàjẹ́, 1,019 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ó lé ní {{Convert|78000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko. Àròpọ̀ ìpàdánù ni a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ [[Renminbi|¥]] 1.32 bilionu ( [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|US$]] 247 mílíọ̀nù). [ nb 2 ] Ní Guangxi, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn 28 ó sì ṣe àwọn 189 mìíràn léṣe. Nǹkan bí ilé 2,100 ni ó bàjẹ́, àwọn 16,000 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ó ju {{Convert|16000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko lọ. Àròpọ̀ àdánù náà jẹ́ ¥25 mílíọ̀nù ($4.68 mílíọ̀nù).
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Brendan 1991 track.png}}Iji lile Brendan dagba lati inu sisan ilẹ ti ko lagbara ti o dagbasoke {{Convert|130|km|mi}} guusu-guusu iwọ-oorun ti Chuuk ni Awọn erekusu Carolina ni Oṣu Keje 15. Ìrìnkiri náà yóò tọ́pasẹ̀ ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn fún ọjọ́ mélòókan títí yóò fi dé agbègbè tí ìyàtọ̀ gíga ti pọ̀ sí i ní àárín gbùngbùn Òkun Philippines ní oṣù Keje 19, èyí tó mú kí JTWC ṣe ìkéde ìṣẹ̀dá ìjì líle ní àkókò 18:00 [[Ajọfọ̀nàkò Àsìkò Káríayé|UTC]], nígbà tí ètò náà wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|450|km|mi}} ní ìlà-oòrùn Samar . Ní àkókò kan náà, JMA gbé ètò náà sókè sí ipò ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru. <ref name="JMA">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]}}</ref> [ nb 3 ] Ṣùgbọ́n, nítorí àwọn ìyípadà ojoojúmọ́ tí ó ní ipa lórí ìsopọ̀mọ́ra ètò náà, JTWC tún ṣe TCFA ní agogo 18:00 UTC ní oṣù kẹjọ Ọjọ́ 20, ọdún 1991. Nígbà tó yá ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ náà, àwòrán sátẹ́láìtì fi hàn pé ètò tó ṣe pàtàkì wà nínú ètò náà. Pẹ̀lú àyíká tí kò gbóná dáadáa àti otútù ojú omi òkun tó gbóná, JTWC kéde pé ètò náà jẹ́ ibi tí omi ti gbóná ní agogo 00:00. UTC ti Oṣù Kẹjọ 21. Bí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì náà ṣe ń bá a lọ láti gbèrú ní wákàtí mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn náà, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìṣirò agbára Dvorak ti T2.5/ {{Convert|40|mph|km/h}}, JTWC gbé ìjì líle ti ilẹ̀ olóoru sókè sí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ ''Brendan'' . <ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> JMA tún gbé ìjì líle náà sókè sí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru ní àkókò kan náà. <ref name="JMA" /> [ nb 4 ]
== Àwọn ipa ==
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=== Philippines ===
Jákèjádò Philippines, òjò líle tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú Brendan pẹ̀lú àwọn èérún òkè ayọnáyèéfín láti Òkè Pinatubo gbé ẹrẹ̀ sókè sí i tó {{Convert|5|m|feet}} gíga ní àyíká òkè ayọnáyèéfín náà. Nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ènìyàn ni wọ́n fipá mú láti sá kúrò níbẹ̀, nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin (1400) ilé sì bàjẹ́ nítorí ìṣàn ẹrẹ̀ tó ń pọ̀ sí i. A kọ ikú mẹ́rin sílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
Ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], Brendan ṣe ipalara 17. Àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn gíláàsì àti àwọn nǹkan tí ìjì náà gbá lọ kọlu. Àròpọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ ní Hong Kong jẹ́ [[Dọ́là Họ́ng Kọng|HK$]] 0.94 mílíọ̀nù, pàápàá jùlọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba.
=== Macau ===
Ní [[Màkáù|Macau]], ìkún omi líle kan ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Àwọn apẹja méjì láti China ròyìn pé wọn kò rí i mọ́ ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Macau lẹ́yìn tí ìjì náà bo àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi wọn mọ́lẹ̀.
=== Ilẹ̀ Àárín Gbùngbùn Ṣáínà ===
Ní Guangdong, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn méjì ó sì ṣe mẹ́rin lára. Ilé mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́ta wó lulẹ̀, ẹgbẹ̀rún kan ó lé mẹ́sàn-án ààbọ̀ sì bàjẹ́. Ó lé ní {{Convert|78000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko. Àròpọ̀ àdánù tó pàdánù jẹ́ [[Renminbi|¥]] 1.32 bilionu ( [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|US$]] 247 mílíọ̀nù). Ní Guangxi, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn 28 ó sì ṣe àwọn 189 mìíràn léṣe. Nǹkan bí ilé 2,100 ni ó bàjẹ́, àwọn 16,000 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ó ju {{Convert|16000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko lọ. Àròpọ̀ àdánù ni a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ ¥25 mílíọ̀nù ($4.68 mílíọ̀nù).
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|tropical cyclones}}
* Ìjì líle Nida (2016)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
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== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{1991 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
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'''Ìjì líle Brendan''', tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Tropical Storm Helming''' ní Philippines, jẹ́ ìjì líle kẹta tí ó tẹ̀lé ara rẹ̀ láti kọlu China ní oṣù Keje. 1991. Isan omi ti ko lagbara waye nitosi awọn erekusu Carolina ni oṣu Keje 15. Bí a ṣe ń tọ́pasẹ̀ ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, ìṣànkiri náà di ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀ olóoru ní oṣù Keje. 19. Ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì ilẹ̀ olóoru náà le sí i títí tí ìjì líle Brendan fi bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní oṣù Keje. 21 nígbà tí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì náà sún mọ́ [[Filipínì|Philippines]] . Brendan yára pọ̀ sí i láti dé ibi gíga àkọ́kọ́ ti {{Convert|70|mph|km/h}} nígbà tí ó dé ilẹ̀ ní Luzon Philippines. [ nb 1 ] Lẹ́yìn tí ó yọ sí Luzon Strait gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìjì líle ti ilẹ̀ olóoru tí ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti tọpa ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn, Brendan dé ibi gíga kejì ti {{Convert|65|mph|km/h}} ní oṣù Keje 23, kí ó tó dé Guangdong, [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà|China]], {{Convert|30|km|mi}} gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn [[Màkáù|Macau]] ní oṣù Keje 24. Lẹ́yìn tí Brendan ti wó lulẹ̀, ó rẹ̀wẹ̀sì, ó sì yọ́ kúrò ní ọjọ́ náà.
Jákèjádò Philippines, òjò líle tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú Brendan pẹ̀lú àwọn èérún òkè ayọnáyèéfín láti Òkè Pinatubo gbé ẹrẹ̀ sókè sí i tó {{Convert|5|m|feet}} gíga ní àyíká òkè ayọnáyèéfín náà. Nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ènìyàn ni wọ́n fipá mú láti sá kúrò níbẹ̀, nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin (1400) ilé sì bàjẹ́ nítorí ìṣàn ẹrẹ̀ tó ń pọ̀ sí i. A kọ ikú mẹ́rin sílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], Brendan fa ìpalára 17. Àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn gíláàsì àti àwọn nǹkan tí ìjì náà gbá lọ kọlu. Àròpọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ jákèjádò Hong Kong jẹ́ [[Dọ́là Họ́ng Kọng|HK$]] 0.94 mílíọ̀nù, pàápàá jùlọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ gbogbogbòò. Ní [[Màkáù|Macau]], ìkún omi líle ni a ròyìn ní àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Àwọn apẹja méjì láti China ròyìn pé wọ́n sọnù sí gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Macau lẹ́yìn tí ìjì náà ba àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi wọn jẹ́. Ní Guangdong, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn méjì ó sì ṣe mẹ́rin lára. Ilé 64 bàjẹ́, 1,019 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ó lé ní {{Convert|78000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko. Àròpọ̀ ìpàdánù ni a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ [[Renminbi|¥]] 1.32 bilionu ( [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|US$]] 247 mílíọ̀nù). [ nb 2 ] Ní Guangxi, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn 28 ó sì ṣe àwọn 189 mìíràn léṣe. Nǹkan bí ilé 2,100 ni ó bàjẹ́, àwọn 16,000 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ó ju {{Convert|16000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko lọ. Àròpọ̀ àdánù náà jẹ́ ¥25 mílíọ̀nù ($4.68 mílíọ̀nù).
== Ìtàn ojú ọjọ́ ==
{{storm path|Brendan 1991 track.png}}Iji lile Brendan dagba lati inu sisan ilẹ ti ko lagbara ti o dagbasoke {{Convert|130|km|mi}} guusu-guusu iwọ-oorun ti Chuuk ni Awọn erekusu Carolina ni Oṣu Keje 15. Ìrìnkiri náà yóò tọ́pasẹ̀ ìwọ̀-oòrùn sí àríwá ìwọ̀-oòrùn fún ọjọ́ mélòókan títí yóò fi dé agbègbè tí ìyàtọ̀ gíga ti pọ̀ sí i ní àárín gbùngbùn Òkun Philippines ní oṣù Keje 19, èyí tó mú kí JTWC ṣe ìkéde ìṣẹ̀dá ìjì líle ní àkókò 18:00 [[Ajọfọ̀nàkò Àsìkò Káríayé|UTC]], nígbà tí ètò náà wà ní nǹkan bí {{Convert|450|km|mi}} ní ìlà-oòrùn Samar . Ní àkókò kan náà, JMA gbé ètò náà sókè sí ipò ìdààmú ilẹ̀ olóoru. <ref name="JMA">{{Cite web|dateformat=[[.TXT]]}}</ref> [ nb 3 ] Ṣùgbọ́n, nítorí àwọn ìyípadà ojoojúmọ́ tí ó ní ipa lórí ìsopọ̀mọ́ra ètò náà, JTWC tún ṣe TCFA ní agogo 18:00 UTC ní oṣù kẹjọ Ọjọ́ 20, ọdún 1991. Nígbà tó yá ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ náà, àwòrán sátẹ́láìtì fi hàn pé ètò tó ṣe pàtàkì wà nínú ètò náà. Pẹ̀lú àyíká tí kò gbóná dáadáa àti otútù ojú omi òkun tó gbóná, JTWC kéde pé ètò náà jẹ́ ibi tí omi ti gbóná ní agogo 00:00. UTC ti Oṣù Kẹjọ 21. Bí ìrẹ̀wẹ̀sì náà ṣe ń bá a lọ láti gbèrú ní wákàtí mẹ́fà lẹ́yìn náà, ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìṣirò agbára Dvorak ti T2.5/ {{Convert|40|mph|km/h}}, JTWC gbé ìjì líle ti ilẹ̀ olóoru sókè sí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru, wọ́n sì fún un ní orúkọ ''Brendan'' . <ref name="JTWC ATCR" /> JMA tún gbé ìjì líle náà sókè sí ìjì ilẹ̀ olóoru ní àkókò kan náà. <ref name="JMA" /> [ nb 4 ]
== Àwọn ipa ==
<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>
=== Philippines ===
Jákèjádò Philippines, òjò líle tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú Brendan pẹ̀lú àwọn èérún òkè ayọnáyèéfín láti Òkè Pinatubo gbé ẹrẹ̀ sókè sí i tó {{Convert|5|m|feet}} gíga ní àyíká òkè ayọnáyèéfín náà. Nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́wàá ènìyàn ni wọ́n fipá mú láti sá kúrò níbẹ̀, nǹkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́rin (1400) ilé sì bàjẹ́ nítorí ìṣàn ẹrẹ̀ tó ń pọ̀ sí i. A kọ ikú mẹ́rin sílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà.
=== Họngi Kọngi ===
Ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]], Brendan ṣe ipalara 17. Àwọn ènìyàn wọ̀nyí ni àwọn gíláàsì àti àwọn nǹkan tí ìjì náà gbá lọ kọlu. Àròpọ̀ ìbàjẹ́ ní Hong Kong jẹ́ [[Dọ́là Họ́ng Kọng|HK$]] 0.94 mílíọ̀nù, pàápàá jùlọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìjọba.
=== Macau ===
Ní [[Màkáù|Macau]], ìkún omi líle kan ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè tí ó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀. Àwọn apẹja méjì láti China ròyìn pé wọn kò rí i mọ́ ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Macau lẹ́yìn tí ìjì náà bo àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi wọn mọ́lẹ̀.
=== Ilẹ̀ Àárín Gbùngbùn Ṣáínà ===
Ní Guangdong, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn méjì ó sì ṣe mẹ́rin lára. Ilé mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́ta wó lulẹ̀, ẹgbẹ̀rún kan ó lé mẹ́sàn-án ààbọ̀ sì bàjẹ́. Ó lé ní {{Convert|78000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko. Àròpọ̀ àdánù tó pàdánù jẹ́ [[Renminbi|¥]] 1.32 bilionu ( [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|US$]] 247 mílíọ̀nù). Ní Guangxi, ìjì náà pa ènìyàn 28 ó sì ṣe àwọn 189 mìíràn léṣe. Nǹkan bí ilé 2,100 ni ó bàjẹ́, àwọn 16,000 mìíràn sì bàjẹ́. Ó ju {{Convert|16000|hectare|acre}} ilẹ̀ oko lọ. Àròpọ̀ àdánù ni a ṣírò pé ó jẹ́ ¥25 mílíọ̀nù ($4.68 mílíọ̀nù).
== Wo tun ==
{{Portal|tropical cyclones}}
* Ìjì líle Nida (2016)
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
{{1991 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
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O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322921565|Climate of Milwaukee]]"
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Milwaukee ní ojúọjọ́ ilẹ̀ olómi tó ní ọ̀rinrin ( ìpínsípò ojúọjọ́ Köppen ''Dfa'' ), pẹ̀lú àwọn àkókò mẹ́rin tó yàtọ̀ síra àti ìyàtọ̀ tó gbòòrò nínú ìgbóná àti òjò ní àkókò kúkúrú. Adágún Michigan tó wà nítòsí tún ní ipa lórí ojúọjọ́ ìlú náà gidigidi, èyí tó ń ṣẹ̀dá oríṣiríṣi ojúọjọ́ méjì láàárín agbègbè [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[ ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2012)">àlàyé tó yẹ</span></nowiki>'' ]</sup> Ipa erékùsù ooru ìlú náà tún kó ipa nínú ojú ọjọ́ ìlú náà, ó ń dẹ́kun rẹ̀ kúrò nínú òtútù ìgbà òtútù, ṣùgbọ́n ó ń jẹ́ kí ó tutù ní ìgbà ìrúwé àti ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn.
== Awọn iwọn otutu oṣooṣu deede ati igbasilẹ ==
{{Milwaukee weatherbox}}
== Awọn iwọn otutu ==
Milwaukee ní ojúọjọ́ ilẹ̀ olóoru pẹ̀lú ìyàtọ̀ tó pọ̀ nínú ìwọ̀n otútù láàárín àkókò kúkúrú, pàápàá jùlọ ní ìgbà ìrúwé àti ìgbà ìwọ́-oòrùn. Oṣù tó gbóná jùlọ ni oṣù Keje, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n otútù tó ga jùlọ jẹ́ 81 °F (27 °C), àti pé ìwọ̀n otútù tó lọ sílẹ̀ ní alẹ́ jẹ́ 63 °F (17 °C). ] Oṣù tó tutù jùlọ ni oṣù January, nígbà tí ìwọ̀n otútù tó ga jùlọ jẹ́ 28 °F (-2 °C) nìkan. <ref name="TWCMilwaukee" /> Ìwọ̀n otútù tó lọ sílẹ̀ ní oṣù January jẹ́ 16°F (-8°C).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Iwọn otutu apapọ oṣooṣu ni Milwaukee, Wisconsin
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
|-
! Gíga (°F)
| 28
| 33
| 43
| 54
| 66
| 76
| 81
| 79
| 72
| 60
| 46
| 33
|-
! °C
| -2
| 1
| 6
| 12
| 19
| 25
| 27
| 26
| 22
| 15
| 8
| 1
|-
! Kéré (°F)
| 13
| 18
| 27
| 36
| 46
| 56
| 63
| 62
| 54
| 43
| 31
| 19
|-
! °C
| -11
| -8
| -3
| 2
| 8
| 13
| 17
| 17
| 12
| 6
| -1
| -7
|}
Ooru to ga julọ ti a ri ri ni Milwaukee jẹ 105 °F (41 °C) ni Oṣu Keje ọjọ 24, ọdun 1935 ati iwọn otutu to tutu julọ jẹ -26 °F (-32 °C), ni Oṣu Kini ọjọ 17, ọdun 1982 ati Oṣu Keji ọjọ 4, ọdun 1996. A pe iṣẹlẹ iṣaaju ni " Ọjọ Aiku Tutu ", nitori otutu to lagbara ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ibi ni Amẹrika ni ọjọ yẹn.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Ṣe igbasilẹ iwọn otutu giga ati kekere nipasẹ oṣu kan ni Milwaukee, Wisconsin
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
|-
! Igbasilẹ Giga (°F)
| 63
| 71
| 84
| 91
| 95
| 104
| 105
| 103
| 99
| 89
| 77
| 68
|-
! °C
| 17
| 20
| 28
| 33
| 34
| 40
| 41
| 39
| 37
| 32
| 25
| 20
|-
! Igbasilẹ Kekere (°F)
| -26
| -26
| -10
| 12
| 21
| 33
| 40
| 41
| 28
| 15
| -14
| -20
|-
! °C
| -32
| -32
| -23
| -11
| -6
| 1
| 4
| 5
| -2
| -8
| -20
| -29
|}
== Ìrọ̀lẹ́ ==
Oríṣiríṣi òjò ló wà ní Milwaukee jálẹ̀ ọdún, ní irú àti iye rẹ̀. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé [[òjò]] lè rọ̀ jálẹ̀ ọdún, ó ṣọ̀wọ́n ní àwọn oṣù òtútù. Òjò lè rọ̀ láti ìparí oṣù kọkànlá títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹta, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé òjò lè rọ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹsàn-án tàbí títí di ìparí oṣù karùn-ún. Nígbà tí a bá ń yí padà sí ìgbà òtútù àti nígbà tí a bá ń jáde, onírúurú òjò lè rọ̀, bíi òjò yìnyín, yìnyín, àti òjò dídì . Ìjì yìnyín kò wọ́pọ̀. Irú òjò wọ̀nyí sábà máa ń rọ̀ ní oṣù kọkànlá àti oṣù kẹta.
Ní Milwaukee, ọdún kan ní àròpín jẹ́ 34.81 inches (884.2 inches). mm) òjò, pẹ̀lú àròpín òjò yìnyín ọdọọdún tó jẹ́ 52.4 inches (133) cm). Ìlú náà gba òjò yìnyín púpọ̀ ju àwọn ìlú lọ, kódà díẹ̀ nínú ilẹ̀ nítorí òjò yìnyín tí Adágún Michigan ń mú jáde. Bí Milwaukee ṣe wà ní etíkun ìwọ̀ oòrùn Adágún Michigan, afẹ́fẹ́ ìlà-oòrùn, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé kì í ṣe ìtọ́sọ́nà afẹ́fẹ́ tó gbajúmọ̀ ní Midwest, máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí àwọn ètò ìkọ́ panhandle bá gbéra sí àríwá ìlà-oòrùn, èyí sì mú òjò yìnyín tó wúwo jù wá sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ Milwaukee ti adágún náà. Milwaukee gba òjò yìnyín tó kéré sí i ju àwọn ìlú tó wà ní etíkun ìlà-oòrùn adágún náà lọ, èyí tó máa ń gba òjò yìnyín tó pọ̀ sí i nígbà tí afẹ́fẹ́ ìwọ̀-oòrùn tàbí àríwá-ìwọ̀-oòrùn bá ń fẹ́.
Oṣù Kẹjọ ni oṣù tí òjò máa ń rọ̀ jùlọ ní ọdún, pẹ̀lú àpapọ̀ 4.03 inches (102 inches) mm) òjò, pàápàá jùlọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí òjò. Òjò pípẹ́ kì í sábà wọ́pọ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn, ó sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní oṣù kẹrin tàbí oṣù kẹwàá nìkan. Ààrá ni òjò pàtàkì láti oṣù karùn-ún títí di oṣù kẹsàn-án, Milwaukee sì ní àsìkò ìjì líle tó gùn tó máa ń wà láti ìparí oṣù kẹta títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹfà, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, ojú ọjọ́ líle àti ìjì líle sábà máa ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní àárín gbùngbùn ilẹ̀ sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn. Oṣù kejì ni oṣù gbígbẹ jùlọ, nígbà tí ó jẹ́ pé ìwọ̀n 1.65 inches (41.9 inches) nìkan ni mm) òjò tó ń rọ̀ sílẹ̀, ó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ jẹ́ pé òjò fẹ́ẹ́rẹ́fẹ́, ìwọ̀n òjò tó kéré ló máa ń jáde láti inú ẹ̀rọ ìgé Alberta nígbà tí afẹ́fẹ́ tútù àti gbígbẹ bá ń rọ̀. <ref name="TWCMilwaukee" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Ojo apapọ oṣooṣu ni Milwaukee, Wisconsin
! Oṣù
! Oṣù Kínní
! Oṣù Kejì
! Oṣù Kẹta
! Oṣù Kẹrin
! Oṣù Karùn-ún
! Oṣù Kẹfà
! Oṣù Keje
! Oṣù Kẹjọ
! Oṣù Kẹ̀sán
! Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá
! Oṣù Kọkànlá
! Oṣù Kejìlá
|-
! Inṣi
| 1.86
| 1.65
| 2.59
| 3.78
| 3.06
| 3.56
| 3.58
| 4.03
| 3.30
| 2.49
| 2.70
| 2.22
|-
! Mílímítà
| 47.0
| 41.9
| 65.8
| 96.0
| 77.7
| 90.4
| 90.9
| 102.0
| 83.8
| 63.2
| 68.6
| 56.4
|-
! Ìrọ̀lẹ́ yìnyín (ní)
| 13.9
| 9.3
| 8.3
| 1.9
| 0.1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0.2
| 3.0
| 10.6
|}
== Àwọn Àkíyèsí ==
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
== Wo tun ==
* Ilẹ̀ ayé ti Wisconsin § Afẹ́fẹ́ ojú ọjọ́
* Oju-ọjọ ti Door County, Wisconsin
* Green Bay, Wisconsin § Afefe
* Manitowoc, Wisconsin § Afefe
* Madison, Wisconsin § Afefe
* Oju-ọjọ Chicago
* Adágún Michigan § Ìmọ̀ nípa Omi
== Àwọn ìtọ́kasí ==
<references />
{{Milwaukee|state=expanded}}{{ClimateUS}}
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